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Open Access Article
1 - Futures investment and financing of rail transportation industry (machinery and equipment)
Mohammad Reza Fathi Mohammad Hassan Maleki Hossein MoghaddamTransportation industry is considered as one of the most important elements of national economy and because of possessing basically role, has abundant effects on proces MoreTransportation industry is considered as one of the most important elements of national economy and because of possessing basically role, has abundant effects on process of economic growth of the country. Thus, without existence of transportation network, installations and lateral equipment and desired fleet, imagination of growth and general development of country sounds impossible. in this research with applying two methods of futures study including structural analysis and scenario planning at first proceed to identifying and analyzing key effective factors and then futures scenarios of investing and financing in railway transportation industry (machinery and equipment sector) will be wrote. First data of this research are gathered with using interview with managers and experts of railway industry, literature review and review antecedent researches and analyzed in the form of expert questionnaire and using Mic-mac software. among 40 effective factors, 16 important factors are identified and with analyzing Mic-mac software, eventually 3 effective key factors including economic sanctions, inflation and monetary and financial policies specified. These factors used as basically foundations in writing scenarios. Set of probable conditions of these factors specified by experts and then 7 uncertain conditions considered for them and entered to Scenario wizard software. with analysis of Scenario wizard software, 5 scenarios with high consistency presented and then with regard to experts viewpoints, 2 effective key factors including economic sanctions and monetary and financial policies that have high uncertainty and high importance, identified as pivots of writing future scenarios and then 4 scenarios for future of investing and financing in railway transportation industry presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Identifying the key factors affecting on evaluation of technological capabilities in high - tech industries in railway transportation
Robabeh zolaikhaei Reza Radfar S. Mohammad Seyed HosseiniToday, in order to increase the efficiency of rail transport lines, the use of advanced high-speed line technology is recommended as a superior option compared to conventional railway technology. One of the fundamental challenges in the application and development of ra MoreToday, in order to increase the efficiency of rail transport lines, the use of advanced high-speed line technology is recommended as a superior option compared to conventional railway technology. One of the fundamental challenges in the application and development of rail transport with new and advanced technologies is the lack of a suitable model for assessing technological capability. The present research is aimed at identifying key dimensions affecting the evaluation of technological capabilities in high-tech rail transport industries. The statistical community includes 57 managers and experts from companies active in the field of rail transport. In this study, 39 influential variables were identified and categorized into 7 dimensions by experts. After collecting data from the statistical community, the data was analyzed by modeling structural equations and smart pls software. The results show that 3 variables with a factor of less than 0.7 were removed from the model and the corrective model was formed with 36 indicators. The results of the principle of software output show that the 7 dimensions are significant at the 99% confidence level and affect the evaluation of technological capability in high-tech rail transport industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - War, Peace and a Marriage: The Relationships between Tulūnid Ruler Khumārawayh (270-282 A. H.) and the Abbasid Caliphate
masoumali panjehThis article examines the relationship between the Tulunid, an autonomous dynasty in Egypt and Syria (270-282 A. H.) and the Abbasid Caliphate that was commenced with a war and continued with peace and a marriage. When al-Muwaffaq, brother of Abbasid Caliph and the main MoreThis article examines the relationship between the Tulunid, an autonomous dynasty in Egypt and Syria (270-282 A. H.) and the Abbasid Caliphate that was commenced with a war and continued with peace and a marriage. When al-Muwaffaq, brother of Abbasid Caliph and the main enemy of Tulūnids, couldn’t succeed to defeat Ibn Tulun by threats and even psychological warfare, a war sparked with his son Khumārawayh. The outcome was the Abbasids failure that consequently returned the Tulunids domination over Shām(Syria) and the expansion of their territory on the Jazira (Northern Mesopotamia). By absolute authority of Khumārawayh over Shām and Jazira, the Abbasids were forced to accept the peace and affirmed their recognition of the Tulunids as legitimate rulers of the territories between the Euphrates and the Nile. Before the murder of Khumārawayh, which was the beginning of Tulunids decline, his daughter's marriage to Al-Muʿtaḍid caliph strengthened the relationship between the Tulunids and Abbasids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Concept of Pādishāh-i-Islām in Ilkhānīd Era: A Study on Ghāzān-Nāmih by Nūrī Azhdarī
Seyed Abolfazl Razavi Ali ShahzadiGhāzān-Nāmih by Nur al-Din Mohammad Nuri Azhdari is a Shahnameh in the 8th AH composed by Shaykh Uways Jalayir's order. In this article, while examining the reflection of Iranian and Islamic thoughts and ideas in Ghāzān-Nāmih, it is especially explained how the concept MoreGhāzān-Nāmih by Nur al-Din Mohammad Nuri Azhdari is a Shahnameh in the 8th AH composed by Shaykh Uways Jalayir's order. In this article, while examining the reflection of Iranian and Islamic thoughts and ideas in Ghāzān-Nāmih, it is especially explained how the concept of the king of Islam is represented in this Shahnameh. In the form of an Epic, this Shahnamah of the Ilkhanids era preserves the themes of Iranshahri political thought. By highlighting the religious approach of Ghazan and the way Uways’ following him, it describes the efficiency and necessity of continuation of the unity between religion and state in the light of Kingship and Islam. This historical epic introduces Ghazan as a devotee and veteran (Qazi, Romanized Crusader). Therefore the idea of continuing the concept of Iran in Ghazan Nama is traceable. However, in Nuri's view, Ghazan and Uways are first the King of Islam and then the King of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evolution of Mazandaran Rural Cultural Landscape During the First Pahlavi Era
Mehrdad Divsalar Mohammad Hossein Farajiha Mohammad Noormohammadi NajafabadiThe first Pahlavi era is a turning point in the historical geography of Mazandaran in the view of landscape school. Major changes occurred in different parts of the geographical landscape of Mazandaran during this period. Urban livelihoods and morphology evolved, modern MoreThe first Pahlavi era is a turning point in the historical geography of Mazandaran in the view of landscape school. Major changes occurred in different parts of the geographical landscape of Mazandaran during this period. Urban livelihoods and morphology evolved, modern reforms took place in agriculture and industry and also the rural cultural landscape changed a great deal. The evolution of rural cultural landscape was influenced by various factors. Research findings indicate that modernization of agriculture, creation of railways, industry, and especially fisheries and rural migration which were influenced by various factors, were the most important components of evolving rural cultural landscape during the first Pahlavi era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Design and fabrication of runaway probe for studying the behavior of runaway electrons in IR-T1 Tokamak
Taher Afsari Mahmood Ghoranneviss Sakineh Meshkani Mohammad Reza Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
7 - Mitigation of disruption on IR-T1 tokamak by means of low-energy neutral beam injection to control runaway electron generation
M. Kafi M. Ghoranneviss M. R. Ghanbari M. K. Salem -
Open Access Article
8 - Way finding process analysis using space efficiently Museum of Contemporary Art
Ali Akbar Heidari Yaghoob Peyvastehgar Maryam kiaee مهدخت کیاییpublic interior spaces that belong to the user, due to the spatial organization of their properties, are more complex. the organization of these spaces and access routes to organize the information that its users are on the way, you can also upgrade to increase understa Morepublic interior spaces that belong to the user, due to the spatial organization of their properties, are more complex. the organization of these spaces and access routes to organize the information that its users are on the way, you can also upgrade to increase understanding of those spaces by people and they helped its functional efficiency Create proper circulation motion in different spaces, art galleries, including the most important indicator that special attention in the design of the spaces to b. and the importance of this issue to the extent that the performance of such spaces is largely dependent on the proper functioning of this section. Achieve optimal wayfinding solutions in the interior, one of the factors that increase the readability space. The need to address this issue goes to a place that unfortunately in many design applications including cultural facilities such as museums, Index readings related to space are not considered by the designers. This has reduced the space efficiency and also reduce some of the intangible sense of satisfaction from space. So it seems that explain wayfinding solutions (specifically art galleries) and their effective application in the design process can have a significant impact in creating a more appropriate exercise. It seems that facilitate wayfinding of art galleries, can lead visitors to travel all the way and are able to visit all parts of the works in these areas. There are illegible and ambiguous routes in such areas leads to confusion and stress and time consuming for visitors and a problem with the wayfinding operation which ultimately leads to a sense of space is unpleasant visitors. Based on this research, we tried that the wayfinding process in a case study using qualitative and quantitative strategies studied and after review of the guidelines to facilitate this purpose. Accordingly, this research seeks to answer the question that follows is: How wayfinding information on the local environment, art galleries, affect human behavior? In this research, first in space exploration will be discussed at this stage was to identify the different dimensions of space to consider them in the design process, facilitate the wayfinding operation. But consider this component in the design process alone will not improve the wayfinding function and there needs to be some other architectural parameters. After the introduction of the other components in the process, the act of seeking help. Introducing the architectural components in order to facilitate wayfinding, wayfinding is the next step in the review process. In order to use such functionality in space, after recognizing the key, need to use a component that helps to advance the process. These components are generally divided into three categories: “Graphical elements”, “sensory components”, “symptom index". In addition to the above content should be noted that these indicators are not able to respond to wayfinding operation. In the event of a component of spatial cognition was considered in architectural design and the identification of the components was prepared to accept, these indicators can help to practice optimal wayfinding in space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Relationship between Memorably of Urban Green highways and Observers' social- spatial mental Schema (Case Study: Modarres, Chamran and Haghani Highways)
Negin Moghadasi Mansour YeganehThe aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the observers’ memorability and creating mental schemas in the corridor of the green urban highway. Memorable elements are the ones that can cause memories and sense of belonging by locating in min MoreThe aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the observers’ memorability and creating mental schemas in the corridor of the green urban highway. Memorable elements are the ones that can cause memories and sense of belonging by locating in mind. Being unique and criterion cause quick images to remain in minds and these elements cause the space to become an indicator of spatial identity. To become a memorable space and to remain in minds some schemes should be created in minds and this is the fundamental condition. Furthermore, the space should have a definite and unique identity. It is essential to recognize basic elements of creating mental spatial and social schemes and to investigate their effectiveness in the components of memorability. The purpose of this study is about urban highways and similar spaces. On the basis of posed theories, the hypothesis is as follows: there is a relation between memorability in highway observers and mental spatial and social schemas schemes so that creating mental schemas can help in creating observers’ memorability. On the basis of this proposition, creating mental schemes is the essential condition for memorability in green urban highways. The proof of this claim is achieved by referring to empirical evidences. The research methodology includes analytical-descriptive techniques. The statistical populations of 51 bystanders of the Modares highway margins were surveyed. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential techniques. The findings show that, in designing the urban highways paying attention to spatial-social schemas is one of the main components for generating memorably of highway margin by criteria. According to the results of the analysis of experimental findings, it seems that considering spatial-social schemes are one of the main components of creating a memorable environment for bystanders who visit routes such as highways. Variables such as age, gender and level of education do not affect the influence of the kind of mental spatial and social schemas so much and this issue can be used in creating most common indicators between different groups of citizens with different ages and level of education for designing a green and memorable highway. The most important criteria in the design of green urban highways space includes design style of highway space, detail Fitness in highway such as trees, elements and street furniture with generalities and its overall configuration, heterogeneity and diversity in the details. Because people have less time to remember and visualize the symbolic elements in the highways the use of such elements has less effect on their mental schemes and also the memorability of environment. Memorable elements should have a unique identity cause impression on the minds. According to the results of this study, there is a linear relationship and a high correlation between memorability and creating mental spatial and social schemes. It means to make a space memorable some schemes should be created in minds to make the space effective and persistent. Several sequences and focus points in the special parts can lead us to have a convergence mental schema Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of effective components on increasing tourist satisfaction in the wayfinding process(Case study of the lower neighborhood of Mashhad Street)
Toktam Hanaee Sanaz Saeedi mofrad Ehsan Ormoz shima abediOne of the most important things in the tourism industry is the ease of travel and choosing an easy route for tourists. Optimal tourist perception causes tourists satisfaction with the environment. Therefore, tourists who have experienced the presence in the environment MoreOne of the most important things in the tourism industry is the ease of travel and choosing an easy route for tourists. Optimal tourist perception causes tourists satisfaction with the environment. Therefore, tourists who have experienced the presence in the environment have a greater sense of satisfaction by enjoying the well-being in the environment. The evaluation of tourist destinations is directly related to the quality of services provided and the needs of tourists in the environment. Tourists expect their needs to be met in the environment, so as a travel strategy, providing the desired quality of services can cause more satisfaction to tourists in the urban space. Urban planning requires attention. The tourism industry, as the second most lucrative industry in the world, plays an important role in the economy and prosperity of cities, and increases satisfaction with how to choose the route to reach attractive points, prevent confusion in wayfinding , how to access services and facilities and meet expectations. Tourists can increase their desire to return to their destination. One of the most important things in the tourism industry is the ease of moving and choosing an easy route for tourists from one point to another. When a tourist is unfamiliar with the environment and enters it for the first time, he tries to find and discover his route, in this case he uses the external information in the environment and finds his route. Therefore, tourists' satisfaction with wayfinding behavior in urban space is influenced by two components of mental-cognitive factors and physical-visual factors. Tourist satisfaction has a psychological dimension that is effective from the experience of the person's presence in the environment and the evaluation of the person's experience in the environment to evaluate the destination and use travel strategies such as travel guides, tourist attractions, maps and tour guides, The security and experiences of the individual from the past and the indicators and socio-economic characteristics. Due to the fact that tourist satisfaction and wayfinding behavior is affected by physical-visual and mental-cognitive factors, so in the direction of tourists in urban space, the tourist receives information from the environment and executes his decision and decision. Among the physical-visual factors affecting the wayfinding process, we can mention the key elements, route guides, tourist attractions, access to facilities and services. Signs are one of the main tools for directing tourists in urban areas. Physical factors and the pattern of the network of passages in the tissue in familiar environments increase tourists' satisfaction with the wayfinding process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effective factors on increasing the satisfaction of tourists the wayfinding process. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey nature and is based on quantitative method. Field observations and a questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson test correlation method. The results show that tourists' satisfaction depends on physical-visual and mental-cognitive factors, and tourist wayfinding and determining the position between origin and destination using physical factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Typology Research of the Northwest Iran’s Railway Stations’ Architecture (The Qajar Period to Present)
Habib Shahhoseini Fatemeh AsadzadehThe railways, as a gateway to urban life and an achievement of technology, reflect the characteristics of the culture and identity of each community, which are also presented in the architectural styles of its stations. Railway stations have been of great historical imp MoreThe railways, as a gateway to urban life and an achievement of technology, reflect the characteristics of the culture and identity of each community, which are also presented in the architectural styles of its stations. Railway stations have been of great historical importance by changing the intellectual horizon of the people. Today, railway stations do not only serve as a mean for people to travel and transport, but also, they are being constructed for their aesthetic and symbolic values. In this regard, old railway stations are the most significant ones as they increase the value of their surroundings and are capable to help practice sustainable architecture. The initial stations were mainly derived from endemic architecture styles and materials, resulting in enduring buildings. However, the typology of the architecture of the old railway stations in Iran has not been studied adequately especially in different periods of time and consequently, the need for a comprehensive study in this matter is striking. Therefore, by using the qualitative-analytical method and collecting data from various documents, old books, and field observations, this research aims to study and analyze the physical characteristics of 116 Iran’s northwestern railway stations (Tehran - Tabriz) in four periods of Qajar, first and second Pahlavi and The Islamic Republic to identify the physical patterns of the railway stations of each period. The main question that this paper tries to answer is: “what are the differences between railway stations’ architectural body during various periods of time in the northwestern line of Tehran-Tabriz?” First of all, railway stations of each period in the research area were identified one by one, and afterward, by a detailed analysis, the typology of the identified stations’ architectural body was classified for each period. The identified factors for evaluation were the plan’s type, number of floors, type of roof, the used materials in the station’s facade, and the number of ornaments. These factors were considered separately in the railway stations of each of the four periods. The results of the research indicate a significant reduction in the variety of patterns used over time, except for the number of floors in the period of the Islamic Republic with two and three-floors stations with more variety of uses, the type of materials used, roof type, type and proportions of the plan and the number of decoration patterns studied in this period, have lost their variety during the time. To construct railway stations in the period of the Islamic Republic, there has been a tendency towards flat roofs and a plan type that has a relatively monotone structure without decorations. The current research identifies the architectural body of historical railway stations, in order to plan for future development and reuse them while preserving their originality and historical identity, as part of the cultural heritage of Iranian society. Additionally, future studies can focus on a more detailed analysis such as determining differences between the various materials in each part of the building like façade, floor, walls, and ornaments during time periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Landscape design patterns along inner city-floodways (Case study: Alusjerd floodway, Hamedan)
Mohammadreza Pourjafar Amin RastandehThe present study aims to introduce and analyze the most important landscape design criteria along inner-city floodways. Obviously, there are various patterns in this field of study which can be classified into three categories of physical, biological, as well as cultur MoreThe present study aims to introduce and analyze the most important landscape design criteria along inner-city floodways. Obviously, there are various patterns in this field of study which can be classified into three categories of physical, biological, as well as cultural considerations. Introducing the related patterns, in parallel with paying attention to their adaptation to environmental strategies and local considerations is the main subject of this study. Using such a pattern, it is more possible to protect the buildings, as well as historical monuments in the route of the foodways. In this regard, in one hand, local sense would be improved in inhabitants and in the other hand, the tourisme intereset may be enhanced for visting the studied site. Therefore, creation of minor jobs would be accessible by means of the considered procedure. According to the researches, this research attempts to multi-functional landscape planning which essentially contributes to sustainable urban landscape along inner-city floodways. For this purpose, Analytic-descriptive method based on criteria evaluation has been applied qualitatively. In addition, to represent the present scientific literature, the Alusjerd floodway in Hamedan has been chosen as a case study in the west of Iran to present the most important landscape design criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Critical Design Factors for Wayfinding in Hospital Environment in Nigeria
Salawu Ahmed Isa Muhammad . Lilian Emechebe Jonan Lembi -
Open Access Article
14 - Elevated Highways in Residential Layouts: The Imposed Negative Impacts (Case Study: Sadr Elevated Highway)
Marjan Khaleghi Jahanshah Pakzad -
Open Access Article
15 - Isfahan’s Organic and Planned Form of Urban Greenways in Safavid Period
Morteza Rahbar Mojtaba Ansari -
Open Access Article
16 - The Reuse of Historical Railway Stations in Turkey
Hasan Ş. Haştemoğlu İlker Erkan Mustafa Karaşahin -
Open Access Article
17 - Providing Thermal Comfort in Tourist Walkways (Case Study : Bypass Located at the Contour between Vakil Bazaar (market), Karim Khan Zand Castle and Pars Museum)
Mohammad Amin Hatami Nahal Eghtesadi -
Open Access Article
18 - Greenway Pedestrian Design in order to Rejoin the divided Urban Zones through the Brownfield Regeneration (Case Study: Tehran District 17- from Shahid Bradaran-e-Hosseini St. to Yaft Abad St.)
Yasmin Mirzai Fereshteh Habib Kianoush Suzanchi -
Open Access Article
19 - Developing DEA-TOPSIS Method for Group Decision Making (Case Study: Ranking Blue Ocean Strategy Main Pathways for IRAFA)
Fatemeh Khoshkam Mehdi AbbasiThe purpose of this research is to present a method based on DEA-TOPSIS for ranking the DMUs in group decision making. In the proposed method, after creating an expert team and determining their weights, the DMUs, inputs and outputs are determined and ranked in three st MoreThe purpose of this research is to present a method based on DEA-TOPSIS for ranking the DMUs in group decision making. In the proposed method, after creating an expert team and determining their weights, the DMUs, inputs and outputs are determined and ranked in three stages. In the first stage, by using Euclidean Distance, the matrix of each expert is normalized and consequently, the DEA models corresponding to each expert are solved. The DMUs are divided into two groups, the first group consists of DMUs where at least one experts’ opinion is inefficient and the second group consists of DMUs where the views of all experts are efficient. In the second stage, the rank of the DMUs of the first group is determined by calculating the weighted arithmetic average. In the third stage, the rank of the DMUs of the second group is determined using the TOPSIS method for each expert, consequently, the final rank of the DMUs is calculated using the Weighted Borda Scoring Method. Then the proposed approach was implemented to rank the six-paths of the Blue Ocean Strategy of the IRAFA industry and management group. The IRAFA team of experts, consisting of seven senior experts, was formed, and their weights were determined. It was also found that six paths to restructure the Blue Ocean Strategy (DMUs) are effective on IRAFA Value Innovation, and the DEA model has four outputs (utility, price, cost, and acceptance). The results of solving the DEA model of each expert showed that there are four paths in the first group and two paths in the second group. Applying the Weighted Borda Scoring Method to rank the DMUs of the second group shows that creating a functional-emotional orientation for the organization's customers is the top priority of IRAFA Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Comparison the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy and Narrative Therapy on Ways of Solving of Coping with Stress in Women with Chronic Headaches
Samaneh Amirifar Faredeh Hamidi Mojtaba Ansarei ShahideiIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy on problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre- MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy on problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with a 2-month follow-up phase. The statistical population was all women with chronic headaches who referred to neurology clinics in Tehran in 1402. In the first stage, 45 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and then they were replaced in 2 experimental groups (15 people in each group) and a control group (15 people) in a simple random way. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was done through SPSS software version 24 in two descriptive and inferential parts. Results: The results showed that both interventions in the post-test and follow-up phase had a significant effect on improving the problem-oriented methods of coping with stress compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of Ben-Ferroni's post hoc test showed that narrative therapy is more effective than solution-oriented therapy on improving problem-oriented ways of dealing with stress (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy can be used as appropriate treatment methods to improve the problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches in centers. Counseling and psychological services should be used, and the priority is to use narrative therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A comparative study of trickery, examples and solutions to deal with it in foreign jurisprudence and Iranian law
dawood Nasiran Babak Mohammadi Ghahfarokhi Masoud ShiraniTrick in Imamiyyah jurisprudence means to reach the desired Shariah and legitimate goal, whether the way to reach it is lawful or the said way itself is illegitimate, and trickery in Sunni jurisprudence means resorting to permissible ways to perform a forbidden act or c MoreTrick in Imamiyyah jurisprudence means to reach the desired Shariah and legitimate goal, whether the way to reach it is lawful or the said way itself is illegitimate, and trickery in Sunni jurisprudence means resorting to permissible ways to perform a forbidden act or cancel an obligatory one or Invalidating the right or proving the wrong, which are the ways to escape from the forbidden and to achieve the lawful and trickery in the terminology of Iranian law means the ability to use the silence or summary of the law in order to acquire the right for the unjust by ways that are against the nature of the law, these different definitions cause The difference is in the examples of trickery and consequently the strategies to deal with it. The present research is carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and aims to answer questions such as: "What are the tricks, examples and solutions to deal with them in Iranian jurisprudence and law?". Examples of trickery in Imami jurisprudence are divided into three categories: examples of real positive and legitimate trickery, examples of true negative and reprehensible trickery, examples of fake trickery. Iranian law can be divided into two parts; He divided examples of tricks that violate formal laws and examples of tricks that violate substantive laws. In Imami jurisprudence, there is no countermeasure for permissible tricks, but two solutions have been proposed for forbidden tricks; The moral solution is piety, and the jurisprudential solution is the ruling on sanctity, and in Sunni jurisprudence, the only way to deal with the trick of obeying the jurisprudence ruling is by citing the evidence of the Qur'an and narration. Strategies to deal with trickery in Iranian law include: theory of motivation or direction; Good faith theory; the theory of preventing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Comparative Study of Trickery, Examples and Ways to Deal with it in Imamiya Jurisprudence and Iranian and French Law
Babak Mohammadi Ghahfarokhi Davoud Nasiran (corresponding author) Masud ShiraniA trick in jurisprudence means to achieve the desired religious legal and legitimate goal; whether the way to reach it is halal or the said way is religiously illegitimate. In the term of Iranian law, it means the ability to use the silence or summary of the law in orde MoreA trick in jurisprudence means to achieve the desired religious legal and legitimate goal; whether the way to reach it is halal or the said way is religiously illegitimate. In the term of Iranian law, it means the ability to use the silence or summary of the law in order to acquire rights for the unjust in ways that are against the nature of the law, and in the term of French law, it means a shrewd act in which, by using the hidden defects of the law, a person seeks to perform a seemingly legal act. These different definitions have caused differences in examples of trickery and of course the solutions to deal with it. The present study is carried out through a descriptive-analytical method and tries to answer questions such as "What is the trick, examples and solutions to deal with it in Imamiya jurisprudence, Iranian and French law?" Examples of trickery in Imamiya jurisprudence are divided into three categories: Examples of real positive and legitimate tricks; examples of real negative and reprehensible tricks; Examples of formal tricks. Examples of tricks in Iranian and French laws can be divided into two parts: examples of tricks that violate formal laws and examples of tricks that violate substantive laws. In Imamiya jurisprudence, there is no countermeasure for permissible tricks, but two solutions are proposed for haram (forbidden) tricks including the moral solution that means piety and the jurisprudential solution which means ruling on being haram (forbidden). The solutions to deal with trickery in Iranian law are the theory of motive or direction; the theory of good faith; the theory of preventing the abuse of the right; the theory of public order; the principle of compliance of the contract with the intention; the base of the arms; the principle of Sad Zaraye (avoiding doing harms), the principle of “Yu’amil al-Mukalaf bi Naqiz Maqsoudah”. Regarding the solutions to deal with trickery in French law, it is possible to refer to the strategies including implementing the laws of the European Union, establishing various institutions to fight trickery and fraud, identifying points covered by the law by digital technologies, determining case and subject laws, determining the punishment in the criminal laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - "Study of the effect of urban regeneration on the development of social capital" (Case study: Ardabil Aliqapoo sidewalk)
mohsen alaei bousjina general term that includes other concepts such as improvement, renovation, reconstruction, empowerment and lubrication of worn-out tissues in public urban spaces. On the other hand, urban space is a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social interac Morea general term that includes other concepts such as improvement, renovation, reconstruction, empowerment and lubrication of worn-out tissues in public urban spaces. On the other hand, urban space is a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social interactions and a basis for the formation and development of social capital. The development of social capital strengthens values such as solidarity, solidarity, unity, cooperation and public participation. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of urban regeneration on the development, progress and promotion of social capital. At this stage, first the required data were collected from the selected statistical population using a survey study method and a questionnaire technique (two researcher-made questionnaires, one social capital questionnaire and the other urban regeneration questionnaire), after classification. And extraction, with the usual statistical methods and using SPSS software, were measured and analyzed scientifically. The statistical population of this research, by interviewing people over 18 to 60 years old, with different forms of space occupation such as use, living and working on the Alıqpoo sidewalk ın Ardabil and in the spring and summer of 1399-99 has been selected. 130 samples were selected using random sampling method. The results show that the urban regeneration of Alıqapo sidewalk in Ardabil has a positive and significant effect on the development of social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the city of Esfahan
mansour haghighatianAbstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with MoreAbstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, 385 individuals were chosen as the sample. The results showed that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2/4 out of 5 which was below the medium level. Statistical analysis results showed that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style.Key terms: healthy life style, foreign media usage, parents’ socio-economic status, parents’ way of living, friends Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the City of Esfahan
Mansour HaghighatianThe life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cult MoreThe life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, and 385 individuals are chosen as the sample. The results show that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2.4 out of 5 which is below the medium level. Statistical analysis results show that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparing of attachment styles between normal and runaway girls in Tehran
Ali Delavar Mahdi Jafari -
Open Access Article
27 - Validity of Judge’s Own Knowledge and Its Challenges
Asghar ArabiyanJudge’s own personal knowledge as one way of substantiation ofclaims has always been emphasized by all jurists especially Shiites onthe basis of some traditions none of which has implication enough inorder to prove that and some may even be used as a basis for lac MoreJudge’s own personal knowledge as one way of substantiation ofclaims has always been emphasized by all jurists especially Shiites onthe basis of some traditions none of which has implication enough inorder to prove that and some may even be used as a basis for lack ofauthority of such a knowledge. Thus, some jurists referred theknowledge in question to necessity of being knowledgeable of juristiccriteria of truth and justice and interpreted those traditions asconformity of trial with juristic criteria. Judge’s personal knowledge ischallenged by later Sunni jurists and in the Iranian juristic system isconsidered refutable through various legal ways which practicallyannounces unauthority of judge’s personal knowledge as a basis forjudgment. Judge’s knowledge of juristic criteria, however, remains anundeniable necessity for judgment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Analyzing of micro climate, environment and solar thermal effect in terms of environmental and thermal comfort in urban spaces (Case study: Analyzing of thermal comfort in shahrdari st in tehran, Tajrish Sq. to Ghods Sq.)
Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Seyede Hamideh Shabani Ghazaleh Abbasian Neda BalanianRespect of the natural and environmental climates has become one of the main issues associated with technological sciences, particularly with urbanism and architecture. Thermal comfort, the reduction of energy consumption, the control of energy exchange between h MoreRespect of the natural and environmental climates has become one of the main issues associated with technological sciences, particularly with urbanism and architecture. Thermal comfort, the reduction of energy consumption, the control of energy exchange between human and his natural and artificial environments are all important factors in urban design. Moreover, pedestrian instead of vehicular area are given preeminence. In urban design and planning, in order to optimize the comfort of pedestrians, various climate related factors must be taken into consideration. In the present research we ask two questions; first which climate factors influence positively the environment and secondly in order to create an urban space in symbiosis with the microclimate, what should be done? Factors influential on the thermal comfort are introduced using the Ecotect software (an analytical software of various climate and energy related factors). First the data for the climate of Tehran are analyzed, and then the important factors influencing the environmental comfort of its microclimate are evaluated. Sunlight exposure, wind, relative humidity, relative shadowing, thermal comfort and other environmental factors are studied in parallel with building location. The various problematic emplacements are identified and solutions are proposed. The main goal of the present research is to clearly identify the most influential climatic factors in urban environment and use them in urban design, particularly for the design of pedestrian areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The role of communications in the district 6 of Tehran and vulnerability mapping vulnerability in the face of natural disasters
HASANALI FARAJI SABOKBAR MOHAMMAD REZAIE NARIMISAIntroduction and objectives of the research: Urban passages as one of the physical elements of the city, plays a key role at the time of the occurrence, as well as after the occurrence of the earthquake, so that the managers of the crisis is one of the reasons being the MoreIntroduction and objectives of the research: Urban passages as one of the physical elements of the city, plays a key role at the time of the occurrence, as well as after the occurrence of the earthquake, so that the managers of the crisis is one of the reasons being the lack of extensive earthquake relief timely dimension arising from the injury the passages of speech. Research is also looking for ways to explain the role of communication in the urban areas of vulnerability in the face of the crisis. On this basis, except in terms of the nature of descriptive research analytical and objective-of the type of application-development. The Statistical Society of Tehran municipality is the District 6 is based on the dating and centralization as the sample is selected. Research method: Data field and two for a library with tools such as DEMATEL questionnaires, books, articles and different map, collect and use the EXCEL software, MATLAB, IDRISI and ARC GIS 10, are located about analysis. Results: The results indicates that it is a central and southern parts of the region; the passages in terms of access to the physical structure of the network of passages,-space, access to the range, access to public open spaces, wide roads (permeability), the distance from the infinite spaces of the body, fire, and medical centers, the most over the level of vulnerability can be possessed. Conclusion: Of course, it is worth mentioning that the texture and density; the crowd, pressed and consists of elements present in these sectors, as well as the role of credit in the amount of vulnerabilities going up passages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Pedestrian way design with an emphasis on social capita (Case Study: Tarbiat pedestrian way of Tabriz)
Mirnajaf Mousavi Ahmad Aftab Ebrahim AlipourIntroduction and Objective: Social capital is a concept that in recent years has entered the field of social sciences and urban management. Social capital is rooted in social interactions and when the level of interaction in society increases, increase the level of soci MoreIntroduction and Objective: Social capital is a concept that in recent years has entered the field of social sciences and urban management. Social capital is rooted in social interactions and when the level of interaction in society increases, increase the level of social capital. in the meantime one of the factors that may increase the level of interaction, moving pedestrian in urban space. this study, social interactions as a common point urban design, pedestrian way, and social capital with an emphasis on introduced and reviews. research method: Analytical-descriptive, correlation research method used in this study can be applied, by field and using questionnaires, for non-quota hundred people, regardless of age and sex as the sample size has been explored. For evaluation and data processing descriptive and inferential statistics Methods were used in the form of SPSS software. Findings: The Obtained show that there is no significant relationship between social trust with social networks and between social trust with social interaction. But the relationship between social interaction and social networks, according to the correlation coefficient 0.593 there is a significant relationship. Investigate the relationship between Social capital indicators and quality of pedestrian way Show that no significant relationship between the two variables. Conclusion: Thus, although reject the hypothesis of the research, can not be conclusively stated that can improve the quality of urban pedestrian way was to reinforce and enhance social capital, but due to a significant or nearly significant some component of the social capital can be said that attention to concept of social capital undeniable condition for the realization of the visual concept of walk and enhancing the quality is to promote social interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Management of Noise Pollution Control in Highway
عباس علی قیومی لیلا خوبان پروین نصیریThe increasing population growth, along with the industrial development of big cities have brought for various problems for the citizens, among which the noise pollution is considered as the most important one. And now as time passes, its dimensions are more evident and MoreThe increasing population growth, along with the industrial development of big cities have brought for various problems for the citizens, among which the noise pollution is considered as the most important one. And now as time passes, its dimensions are more evident and have attracted the attention of the relevant authorities and urban designers. Installation of noise barriers near highways is the most common way to reduce noise pollution. Noise barriers do not often have the necessary efficiency for the societies in which they are expected to work. However, in some cases, with a little accuracy in design, these barriers would have a considerably high efficiency.This paper evaluates different active and passive protection methods to control noise pollution in the highways and studies effective factors used in highways as a passive control method of sound barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Waste Separation & Its Role in Increasing the Recycling Process
مراد کردی سعید تیموری احمد مرادعلیانThe daily increase of urban population in Tehran, along with the creation of new populated centers, the lack or weakness of policy-making and the evaluation of various urban functions and activities based on comprehensive and large-scale national plan, the change of con MoreThe daily increase of urban population in Tehran, along with the creation of new populated centers, the lack or weakness of policy-making and the evaluation of various urban functions and activities based on comprehensive and large-scale national plan, the change of consumption patterns and the continuity of waste discharge of the urban environment are the factors that create crisis which has caused after-crisis and has put to various risks many natural environments and the quality of health in humans; also, it has caused the discard of over 7000 tons of waste material. The discards are consisted of valuable metals, useable glass dishes, paper, recyclable plastic, pet, food waste and etc which are rich in nutrients. Among these useful waste materials, substances such as mercury in batteries, cadmium of fluorescent bulbs, toxic chemical cleaners also exist. Separating the bad waste materials from the good ones extremely helps in keeping the environment and human life healthy and helps the society to save more money. Today's urban management professionals have decided to find a way which helps people save more money and at the same time protect the environment and human health. This article states the importance and necessity of the waste separation plan and illustrates the problems caused by the unsuccessful implementation of the project and mentions the strategies which help the better implement of optimal plan coverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Social impact assessment of Valiasr Project as a one way avenue
دکتر معصومه مطلق جمشید گراوند جمیله فدویIntroduction and purpose: the present paper tries to study the Valiasr project as a one way avenue from August 2009 which has done by Tehran Municipality in order to reduce traffic flow and maintain the natural beauty and appropriate spaces of this avenue .finally the p MoreIntroduction and purpose: the present paper tries to study the Valiasr project as a one way avenue from August 2009 which has done by Tehran Municipality in order to reduce traffic flow and maintain the natural beauty and appropriate spaces of this avenue .finally the positive and negative outcomes are considered based on social impact assessment (SIA). Methodology: this is a qualitative and quantitative research also the strength, weakness, opportunities and the threats (SWOT) are described. Findings: the findings show that this project raises the strength, weakness points .Generally speaking, it leads to increase the application of means of transportation as well as some residents face with many problems. Results: the results indicate that the respondents believed in the problems and weakness of this project more than its strength, as if there are many people who used their personal cars so the traffic flow remained in force. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Impact pressures of falling jets on the plunging pool bed
منوچهر فتحی مقدم سجاد کیانی بابک لشکرآراPlunging pools are constructed at the downstream of dam spillways to dissipate the excess energy. The turbulent flow velocity converts to the dynamic pressure due to impact of flow with the pool’s bed. The aim of this research is to determine impact pressure of a MorePlunging pools are constructed at the downstream of dam spillways to dissipate the excess energy. The turbulent flow velocity converts to the dynamic pressure due to impact of flow with the pool’s bed. The aim of this research is to determine impact pressure of a vertical jet on plunging pool bed. Hence, the experiments were carried out in four different discharges (ranging from 6 to 27.5 lit/s according to the nozzle diameters), three jet diameters including 4.3, 5.2 and 8.2 cm and four falling heights of 37, 60, 90 and 120 cm. Also the experiments are conducted in similar flow conditions for smooth and rough surfaces, and results are compared. Dynamic pressures were measured with a pressure transducer. The analysis of data showed that increase of jet diameter causes decrement in the dynamic pressure coefficient. Results revealed an increase in dynamic pressures due to roughness of contacting surface. Moreover, variations of jet Froude number and fall length have significant effects on the dynamic pressure coefficient. The impact pressure was the highest in the surface center and was gradually reduced in outer zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Laboratory Study of The Effect of V-shaped Structure on Changes in Fishway Roughness
maryam shahabi Javad Ahdiyan Marjan Narimousa Mehdi Ghomeshi Hossein Azizi NadianBackground and Aim: In this study, a new overflow with a v-shaped structure was used as a barrier in the culvert. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate its performance on changes in flow resistance properties such as the square root of the Modi fricti MoreBackground and Aim: In this study, a new overflow with a v-shaped structure was used as a barrier in the culvert. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate its performance on changes in flow resistance properties such as the square root of the Modi friction coefficient and the Manning roughness coefficient.Method:The present study experiments were performed on the physical model available in the hydraulic laboratory of the Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. This physical model includes a laboratory flume 10 meters long, 0.25 meters wide, and 0.5 meters high. At the beginning of each experiment, the structures were glued to the flume bed at specified relative distances. After 24 hours of gluing the systems, the flume's flow rate and slope were adjusted. The desired flow rate was adjusted using a triangular overflow with an angle of 53 degrees located downstream of the flume and the slope through the jack. A point gauge with an accuracy of 0.1 mm was used to remove the water surface profile.Results: By increasing the dimensionless flow in a relative distance between structures and a certain slope, the manning roughness coefficient of the structure decreases. So that at a slope of 10%, the relative distance between the structures was 1.3, the value of the Manning roughness coefficient of the system from dimensionless flow decreased from 0.20 to 0.43 by 30%. By increasing the relative distance between structures at a certain flow rate, the manning roughness coefficient of the structure decreases, which is similar to the effect of the relative distance between structures on the square root of the friction drop coefficient of the structure.Conclusion: In examining the impact trend of the V-fish structure, it was found that dimensionless flow has an inverse effect on the flow friction coefficient and the manning roughness coefficient of the structure. On the other hand, the inverse relationship between landing number and flow friction coefficient, and manning coefficient of the structure was determined. It was found that the relative distance between the structures also has an inverse effect on the flow friction coefficient and the manning coefficient of the structure. The inverse effect of the Reynolds number on current resistance parameters was also extracted. The best condition of the fish road structure with v-shaped overflow occurs in the relative distance between the 1.3 and 10% slope structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Modeling and Bivariate Analysis of Meteorological Drought Using Data Generation with Climate Change Approach (Case Study: Lake Urmia)
Farzad Khezri Mohsen Irandost Navid Jalalkamali Najme YazdanpanahBackground and Aim: Climate Climate change is one of the important factors that will affect different parts of human life on the planet and will have detrimental effects on the environment, socio-economic, and especially water resources. Knowledge of climate change MoreBackground and Aim: Climate Climate change is one of the important factors that will affect different parts of human life on the planet and will have detrimental effects on the environment, socio-economic, and especially water resources. Knowledge of climate change can provide comprehensive plans in various areas of management regarding the monitoring of droughts and their potential risks. Drought can occur in any area, even wetlands. This phenomenon depends on various factors and parameters and one of the most important symbols of this phenomenon is the occurrence of drought is a decrease in rainfall and therefore the analysis of precipitation data is of special importance to study drought. The purpose of this study is to analyze drought variables using SPI and SPImod indices and detailed functions.Method: In this study, to model the multivariate analysis of drought in Lake Urmia basin using RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 representative concentration pathway scenarios, data and models of atmospheric circulation of historical data (1991-2010) for three near horizons (2030- 2011), medium (2065-2046) and round (2099-2080) were simulated and produced. Then, using SPImod index and copula functions, drought multivariate analysis was performed in MATLAB software environment. In general, first, using the mentioned indicators (two indicators, SPI and SPImod), the characteristics of drought intensity and duration were extracted, then, using coding in MATLAB software environment, eight families of Archimedean detailed functions were used.Results: The results of multivariate analysis showed that the Joe copula function is the best copula function for drought multivariate analysis (For analysis of both severity and duration of drought for the study area). Also, the results of probability and the joint return period showed that in the coming periods, at least droughts of the same level as historical droughts and even more severe will occur. Thus, by studying the period of combined and conditional returns and Kendall, the results showed that at a certain critical probability level, the amount of Kendall return period is much more than the standard return period, so that this difference increases with increasing that certain amount.Conclusion: The results obtained with the climate change approach on the meteorological drought of Lake Urmia showed that in the coming periods we will see an increase in temperature, which will affect the rate of trade in the region and water resources, on the other hand, because the data Meteorology and hydrology are used to calculate the types of droughts, so droughts affected by climate change will be so that in future periods 46% to 48% of the months will be dry in different horizons. Finally, the results of the time series of indicators showed that during the statistical period at least 40% of the months were dry and this intensity of droughts in the Urmia station is much higher than others. The modified SPI largely eliminates the disadvantages of conventional SPIs and takes into account seasonal variations in precipitation in the calculation of the SPI index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Velocity and turbulence distribution in two phase air-water flows on stepped floodway channels
Mohammad Reza Beheshti Amir Khosrojerdi Hossein Sedghi Seyed Mahmud BorgheiSoil conservation against flood erosion is very important for optimal use of soil and water resources. Stepped floodway channels are one of the essential structural approaches for soil protection against flood flows in high slope lands at urban areas. In these channels MoreSoil conservation against flood erosion is very important for optimal use of soil and water resources. Stepped floodway channels are one of the essential structural approaches for soil protection against flood flows in high slope lands at urban areas. In these channels flows are characterized by intense turbulence and strong flow aeration, but most studies did not investigate the turbulence characteristics. In this study, highly turbulent airwater flows skimming down a large-size stepped chute were systematically investigated. An experimental study of detailed air-water flow properties measurements were introduced in different types of flow regimes on a stepped channel (θ = 21.8º, h=0.04m, l=0.10m) model to investigate the location and the flow depth at inception point of air entrainment and velocity profiles distributions. Detailed velocity and turbulence intensity measurements in flow direction were performed by use of a phase detection conductivity probe which was designed, developed and calibrated by writers. The results showed that the turbulence characteristics vary in different regions. The study showed further that the turbulence intensity increases rapidly close to the step bottom at the viscous sub layer and maximized for 0.4≤ y/dc ≤ 0.5 at intermediate region then decreases gradually in the upper region. It is hypothesized that the high turbulence levels in the intermediate region were caused by the continuous deformations and modification of the air-water interfacial structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluating the Effect of Walkable Street on Traffic Volumes of Periphery Routes (Case Study: 15th Khordad WalKable Street in Tehran)
khashayar kashanijou hamed mohammadiBackground and Objective: Walkable streets are considered as one of the most important contemporary urban spaces that there are still unknown dimensions of them due to not so long record in our country. This research seeks to discover the connection between closing the MoreBackground and Objective: Walkable streets are considered as one of the most important contemporary urban spaces that there are still unknown dimensions of them due to not so long record in our country. This research seeks to discover the connection between closing the street on cars and the change in the traffic volume of automobiles in peripheral routes over time.Method: This applied research has been done by collecting theoretical information through documentary studies and local investigations using observation and interview method and is a descriptive-analytic research. The case study is 15th Khordad walkable street in Tehran.Findins: By evaluating differences in traffic volumes in 2011, 2014 and 2016 with SPSS software and based on One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), there was a significant difference in the average traffic volume of the vehicles in the study area and rejects the hypothesis of increasing the traffic volume of motor vehicles in the periphery area of 15th Khordad. Numerical calculations show that 15.7% of traffic jams over a three-year period, and 20.7% over a five-year period in the surrounding routes disappeared after creating 15th Khordad walkable street because of changing in citizens direction and travel time and using of multi-modal trips by business-men.Discussion & Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that a paradigm shift among urban managers about traffic effects transmission of creating walkable street to periphery areas is necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigation on the Concentration of Suspended Particulate Matters in Tehran Underground Subway Stations and Compare it with Ambient Concentrations
Ameneh Bolourchi Farideh Atabi Faramarz Moattar Mehdi Ali EhyaeiBackground and Objectives: Metro lines are responsible for 20% of the total passenger traffic in Tehran. Particulate matter is one of the most important major pollutants in subway stations and increasing their concentration leads to numerous health consequences for pass MoreBackground and Objectives: Metro lines are responsible for 20% of the total passenger traffic in Tehran. Particulate matter is one of the most important major pollutants in subway stations and increasing their concentration leads to numerous health consequences for passengers and subway employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in four underground metro stations (Azadi, Enghelab, Tohid and Vali Asr) and compare them with the concentration of these particles in the open air. Research Method:Seasonal sampling (April 2016 - April 2017) of particulate matters was conducted in the middle months of all four seasons for one week in the middle months of each season at peak traffic times from 8 am to 12 am, at three locations (entrance, middle, and exit in each station) and also at outside ambient of each station. The results were then compared with the relevant standards. Results and Discussions: The main sources of suspended particulate matter in the underground subway stations were due to passenger traffic, train piston pressure, floor cleaning, maintenance operations, wheel-rail wear and braking and the performance of ventilation system in the subway station. The results of the monitoring measurements in this study showed that the annual average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the four underground subway stations were 68 µg/m3 and 47 µg/m3 and in the outdoor ambient around these stations were 42 and 29 µg/m3, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that in the four underground subway stations, the annual average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 1.5 - 1.7 times higher than those in the outdoor ambient, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Analysis of the Security Level in the Pedestrians and Surrounding Tissues in the Historical Regions of the City(Case Study: Alam-Alhoda Pedestrians)
elham pourmahabadian hassan ahmadi seyyed yousef amiriBackground and Objective: The purpose of this research is to analyze the security level of the walkways with the environmental safety approach in the perimeter climate, as exemplified by the Alam-Al-Hadi crossing in Rasht.Method: The research method was descriptive-anal MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this research is to analyze the security level of the walkways with the environmental safety approach in the perimeter climate, as exemplified by the Alam-Al-Hadi crossing in Rasht.Method: The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collection was done by library and field method using a questionnaire and a survey of citizens. In this research, SPSS software was used to analyze the questionnaires.Findings: Pedestrians are one of the main urban spaces in cities and play a very important role in urban and environmental safety of people and urban activities. Therefore, it can be said that providing human and environmental safety of these spaces can be of great help to the citizens of the city. Because environmental safety is considered as one of the main components of human security and the security category is mentioned in the subsections of cities sustainability; therefore, the study of the security of the walkways and the presentation of its upgrading principles can be used to create a city, live, active and maintaining a healthy environment using renewable energy.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that after turning Alam al-Huda Street into a sidewalk, in terms of physical and environmental security issues, measures have been considered that have increased the level of security in this space; Among these measures were the impossibility of entering motor vehicles in these spaces, the control of these spaces by the police, and lighting using clean and renewable energies. In addition to these cases, other components are effective in improving security, which were addressed in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Examining the Mutual Effect between Urban Transportation (Subway, B.R.T) and Urban Density by GIS based on Land and Housing Indicators (Case study: Tehran, region 8)
Hadi Ashnaei Aliraza Gharagozlu Alireza Vafaee nejadBackground and purpose: Scattering the urban diverse applications and their compression intensity in level and height (density) are the determinant how to meet the citizens' needs, because, for using the urban facilities they are inevitable to move toward these applicat MoreBackground and purpose: Scattering the urban diverse applications and their compression intensity in level and height (density) are the determinant how to meet the citizens' needs, because, for using the urban facilities they are inevitable to move toward these applications. Subway and B.R.T are two mass public transportation systems with less traffic interference which transfer people within the territory of a city and also impose more expenses to city than other transportation systems, for practicing their infrastructures. Since more intensity of applications leads to more effective transportation systems, in contrary, and more efficient transportation system leads to more residential and activities growth around this system, thus, these two entities must be studied, designed and exercised coordinated. Methods: Due to the existence of both transportation systems in Tehran, Tehran pars, region 8, this case study was done there, also, for more precise identification of the relation between public transportation system (subway and B.R.T.) and density of various applications and by virtue of its location's nature, geographical information system and Arc GIS software were used. 153 urban blocks were analyzed statistically in this area by OLS in ARC GIS by the significance level of 0.05. In this analysis, each dependent variable, difference during implementation of the system and difference between eligible and inaccessible blocks to the system, the method is used in this study (Diff-Diff). Findings: The result shows the increase in annual rate of residential density, number of floors and population density under the impact of subway, includes 0.05%, 0.072 floor and 0.001 person per square meter, respectively, also it shows the increase on the number of floors indicator by -0.05 floor within the area of BRT stations. Discassion and Conclusion: Relation between subway and urban density is significant but relation between B.R.T and urban density is not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Environmental risk management and assessment of Tehran urban & suburban metro by using EFMEA method (Case study: Sadeghieh terminal)
Sepideh Ghaderi Azarnoosh Rahimi Mohsen Hedayatifar Seyed Mohammad Arab NajafiIntroduction:Tehran urban & suburban metro is one of the most crowded public transports that activein 5 main line and Four terminals (Sadeghieh terminal, Mehrshahr terminal, Fathabad terminalandDardashtterminal) are considered for periodic major and semi-essential r MoreIntroduction:Tehran urban & suburban metro is one of the most crowded public transports that activein 5 main line and Four terminals (Sadeghieh terminal, Mehrshahr terminal, Fathabad terminalandDardashtterminal) are considered for periodic major and semi-essential repairs activities, trainsmaintenance and …. Sadeghieh Terminal as a one of the largest and most strategic metro terminals isactive at the western end of the Tehran Metro Line 2.The aims of this paper is assessing and managingthe environmental risks of Sadeghieh terminal activities with the use of EFMEA method.Material and method: The EFMEA method is a qualitative method that aims to identify andprioritize environmental aspects.Results: The evaluation results shown 46 environmental risks were identified and 8/7 % of risks withlow level, 78/3% of risks with medium level and 13% of risks with high level.Conclusions: The highest risk number is 150 that refer to washing trains activities and sanitary wateruses in Sadeghieh terminal. The proposed corrective action to prevent water waste is collection andtransport wastewater to treatment plant and reuse of produced water. Another proposed correctiveaction to prevent groundwater pollution is collection and transport wastewater to urban wastewatercollection system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Developing Sustainability Indicators of Greenways Network Based on Landscape Ecology Principles
Shahindokht Barghjelveh Naghmeh Mobarghaee DinanAbstractThis study examines the process of developing sustainability indicators for urban greenwaysnetworking process according to the principles of landscape ecology. The ecological approach towardsgreenways networking process is capable of providing a conceptual theor MoreAbstractThis study examines the process of developing sustainability indicators for urban greenwaysnetworking process according to the principles of landscape ecology. The ecological approach towardsgreenways networking process is capable of providing a conceptual theory and has a multitude ofdifferent aspects that can be studied in mega-urban, urban, and sub-urban scales. The purpose of thisstudy is not only to examine the principles of ecological approach, but also to explore the urban needsto provide green zones and leisure areas for citizens. This paper focuses on the relationship between“structure” and “function” which has a key role in this study.Based on the comparative-analytical research method, new ecological principles are provided for theprocess of planning sustainable urban green zones. Traditional indicators for qualitative evaluation ofgreen zones are not only inadequate for determining the structural value of green zones, but are alsoincapable of expressing their diverse ecological benefits. New ecological criteria provide a betteropportunity to evaluate and qualify greenways networking process and to raise the process oflandscapes networking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Estimation of economic losses caused by fire in the Tehran Subway Line 1 stations (RS and LPS) using scenario planning technique
Sedigheh Atrkar Roshan Somayeh DaneshvarBackground and Objective: To employ HSE in industrial sector of Iran, evaluation of economic impacts of HSE is unavoidable. This would justify the financial costs of risk assessment and safety control for policy makers either in public and private sectors. On the other MoreBackground and Objective: To employ HSE in industrial sector of Iran, evaluation of economic impacts of HSE is unavoidable. This would justify the financial costs of risk assessment and safety control for policy makers either in public and private sectors. On the other hand, considering the occurrence of fire in the subway system can cause catastrophic losses to the society. This study aimed at determining the economic losses caused by fire in Light Power Substation (LPS), and Rectifier substation (RS) in Tehran subway line 1. Method: After identification of the most important causes of fire hazard in LPSs in Tehran subway line 1 by applying fault tree analysis, economic losses caused by fire were determined using scenario techniques. Findings: The economic loss caused by fire in LPS by transformer fire scenario and 20 KV panel fire scenarios that have the highest occurrence probability, was determined to be about 3,980, and 6.410,milion Rials (based on the prices in 2012) respectively. The economic loss caused by fire in RS by transformer fire scenario and 750 KV panel fire scenarios was determined to be about 6,452, and 70,266 milion Rials respectively. Conclusion: Considering the mentioned economic costs and consequences, a comprehensive risk analysis and emergency response planning are unavoidable necessities in Tehran subway system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity inde MoreIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity indexes and these are utilized as country's development document. Generally, some of the plans and strategies have special importance for transportation ministry such as rail way transportation development, road network development, renovation of transportation fleet and comprehensive study plan of country transportation. As regards that any development has environmental impact, therefore environmental impact assessment (EIA) of each plan specially transportation one that is the target of this study, is necessary due to prevention of harmful effects and presenting mitigation plans for environment. This study has been done to conduct administrative and consultants of rail way plans, so determination of all actions in construction and operational phases is necessary. Also it is very important to determine main parameters about physical, biological and socio-economical environment. According to all of above implementations the impacts of rail ways project on different environment involving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animal will be determined and in next step mitigation plans and environmental monitoring program will be prepared. Finally environmental impact assessment guideline is developed for consultants and administrative involving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes a MoreIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes and theseare utilized as country’s development document.Generally, some of the plans and strategies havespecial importance for transportation ministry suchas rail way transportation development, roadnetwork development, renovation of transportationfleet and comprehensive study plan of countrytransportation. As regards that any developmenthas environmental impact, therefore environmentalimpact assessment (EIA) of each plan speciallytransportation one that is the target of this study,is necessary due to prevention of harmful effectsand presenting mitigation plans for environment.This study has been done to conduct administrativeand consultants of rail way plans, so determinationof all actions in construction and operationalphases is necessary. Also it is very important todetermine main parameters about physical,biological and socio-economical environment.According to all of above implementations theimpacts of rail ways project on different environmentinvolving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animalwill be determined and in next step mitigationplans and environmental monitoring program willbe prepared. Finally environmental impact assessmentguideline is developed for consultants andadministrative involving 12 subjects.impacts of rail ways project on differentenvironment involving air, water, sound, soil,plant and animal will be determined and innext step mitigation plans and environmentalmonitoring program will be prepared. Finallyenvironmental impact assessment guideline isdeveloped for consultants and administrativeinvolving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Greenways: A Basis for Realization of New Attitudes Towards Sustainable urban
Elia vatanparastAfter the industrial revolution and urbanization process, the problem of urbanity increased so urged scientist and experts towards confronting Issues through various aspects such as sustainable city, ecologic city, ideal city, etc. The aim of this paper is to studying r MoreAfter the industrial revolution and urbanization process, the problem of urbanity increased so urged scientist and experts towards confronting Issues through various aspects such as sustainable city, ecologic city, ideal city, etc. The aim of this paper is to studying raised issue such as sectionalism, urban pastoralism, urban humanism, creative city, etc (which were addressed by experts in order to bring about change into the structure and atmosphere of today cities). Despite of similarity factor in the goal with the same direction of such attitudes, the lack of definite solution during the urban design and planning phase it may cause differ results in the city planning without achieving view of experts completely in the sustainable city. This paper introduces urban greenways as a desirable approach to reach the mentioned goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Using Patom network path as tourism pedestrian
Mehri Mahmoudkhani Baris Majnounian Majid Makhdoum Ehsan AbdiForest roads make access for people who want using the gift of forest. Experts believe that one of the ways that can encourage visitors to experience promenade more visible is to use developed, targeted and desirable pedestrians. Using them can access to the most attrac MoreForest roads make access for people who want using the gift of forest. Experts believe that one of the ways that can encourage visitors to experience promenade more visible is to use developed, targeted and desirable pedestrians. Using them can access to the most attractive locations of promenade in a controlled way. The study area (Patom district of Kheyrud forest) which is partly faced toward north and has Caspian Sea view is capable of promenade attractions. In this study, first of all, after going through the path in Patom district of Kheyrud forest, we collected information and then by using Arc GIS software, the layers' slope and soil maps were prepared to specify appropriate locations for designing walk ways, and to specify the capability of existed path for tourism usage. Also scenic views were located and the quality and the specifications of views that specified the related table of views' specs, were defined. After data study and making sure that they are normal, SPSS software was used for path widths. The study results were showed that the average width difference with standard was 1.5 meter which was about one percent (p<0.01). Patom district of Kheyrud forest can be interested by tourists. Pathway that passing scenic views is needed for walking in forest. Considering is necessary to improve and repair for pathway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A Comparative Study of the Position of Social Themes in the "Maqamat" of Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadani and the "Hadith Isa Ibn Hisham" by Muhammad Muwaylihi
Mohammadreza Lotfi zahra Khosravi vamakani Ali SaberiRecognition and analysis of literary works and the lives of the creators of those works is not possible without studying and analyzing the society and culture in which they have developed. In other words, researching the way of life, social relations, beliefs, failures MoreRecognition and analysis of literary works and the lives of the creators of those works is not possible without studying and analyzing the society and culture in which they have developed. In other words, researching the way of life, social relations, beliefs, failures and victories, pains and joys and ups and downs of the society in which the artist lives, a more detailed and comprehensive study of life and works Makes it possible."Maqamat" is the most important work of "Badi at al-Zaman Al-Hamadani" which was written in Arabic and was first published in Beirut in 1889 with 51 descriptions. He created a new style in Arabic prose writing; The hero of his officials, Abolfath Eskandari, appears every time in clothes and travels to different cities and talks about various issues such as a powerful storyteller. It is a literary place. He sees the story as a place to show his literary power in using metaphorical expressions along with metaphor, irony, metaphor and proverb.Writers in the contemporary period also followed his style and expressed their thoughts in the form of "maqamah", among which we can include well-known figures such as Muhammad Muwaylihi, Nasif Yazji, Ahmad Shoghi, Muḥammad Tawfīq Al-Bakrī and Hafez Ibrahim.This research, which has been written in a comparative-analytical way, has comparatively studied social themes in the "authorities" of Badi al-Zaman al-Hamadani and the "hadith of Isa Ibn Hisham" by Muhammad Muwaylihi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Role of Love in Attaining Annihilation from Rumi’s Viewpoint (Focusing on Mathnavi Ma'navi)
Ismail Sadeghilor Parviz Zia Shahabi Amir Abbas Ali ZamaniRumi’s Mathnavi Ma'navi includes the deepest issues concerning theology, ontology, anthropology, etc. This book which is the result of all mystical experiences in Islamic tradition is a kind of spiritual travelogue and a personal experience which presents a series MoreRumi’s Mathnavi Ma'navi includes the deepest issues concerning theology, ontology, anthropology, etc. This book which is the result of all mystical experiences in Islamic tradition is a kind of spiritual travelogue and a personal experience which presents a series of mystical teachings and concepts. Love and annihilation are among those concepts which are dealt with in Mathnavi. The present study through library based method aims to describe love and annihilation in Rumi’s Mathnavi, then explain and analyze them and love’s contribution to a mystical wayfarer to attain annihilation from Rumi’s viewpoint in Mathnavi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Dash Akol and the central characters in Hemingway’s stories
Mazaher Mosaffa Shadman Shokravi Leyla Fatemi RadThe short story “Dash Akol” is of Sadegh Hedayat’s the most prominent stories and of the prominent stories of Iranian literature. In this story, Ernest Hemingway’s thinking in his Characterizations, which somehow forms his school o MoreThe short story “Dash Akol” is of Sadegh Hedayat’s the most prominent stories and of the prominent stories of Iranian literature. In this story, Ernest Hemingway’s thinking in his Characterizations, which somehow forms his school of thought, shows itself. Idealism, belonging to the minority, injury, bad appeal, painful submission and eventually the victory and at the same time defeat, are the most common characters of personalities in Dash Akol’s with the American author’s favorite ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - THE WORKS OF SADEGH CHUBAK AND THE HOW HE WAS AFFECTED BY THE WORKS OF ERNEST MILLER HEMINGWAY
Leila Hashemian Shahin EslamiSadegh Chubak as one of the greatest short story writers like Jalal Ale Ahmad and Sadegh Hedayat has made attempts in the promotion of simple writing and breaking the tradition of eloquence inherited from the past literature. He is a realist writer and hi MoreSadegh Chubak as one of the greatest short story writers like Jalal Ale Ahmad and Sadegh Hedayat has made attempts in the promotion of simple writing and breaking the tradition of eloquence inherited from the past literature. He is a realist writer and his stories include realities which familiarize the reader with the situation in the 14th century. His style of writing reminds the reader of the 20th century American writers in spite of having independency and being unique. The present article tries to show how Saegh Chubakhas been affected by Ernest Miller Hemingway the creator of the beautiful novel “The Old Man and The Sea” and the winner of the Nobel Prize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Survey on some obstacles of the ways to overcome them from Quran and Hadis point of view
Elaheh Salimzadeh Mohammad Hossein TavanayiMan always seeks for promotion and success depends on the way of approach of man towards himself and the world around him. Difficulties in the life are inevitable. Different factors such as lack of self confidence, fear, sadness, anger and so many others stops him of po MoreMan always seeks for promotion and success depends on the way of approach of man towards himself and the world around him. Difficulties in the life are inevitable. Different factors such as lack of self confidence, fear, sadness, anger and so many others stops him of positive thinking, leading to lose his anxiety and comfort and lowers success dramatically. Human will feel happiness powered by God and find the way to success. Current study surveys some of these obstacles and finds the solutions to overcome them via Quran and Ahlolbeit point of view. Manuscript profile -
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54 - ادله عقلی و نقلی تعیین ملاک مسافت شرعی در فقه امامیه
mahdi Mahdavi e aminThe limit of fault in the "prayer of the traveler" is one of the precepts in which the problem is divided, so that some narratives refer to the "Yaman path" and some others as "Thyman-e-Farsakh" or "Bereidan" as the criterion of "Qasr Salat". Now, what is the criterion MoreThe limit of fault in the "prayer of the traveler" is one of the precepts in which the problem is divided, so that some narratives refer to the "Yaman path" and some others as "Thyman-e-Farsakh" or "Bereidan" as the criterion of "Qasr Salat". Now, what is the criterion as the main criterion and which is simply explained and adapted to the main index? In this article, through the use of theological foundations, the totality and inclusion of the sentences in the religion of the khatam and the decree of the judgments based on the power of the people and based on the traditions of "Yum" path and the definition of a different category of evidence, the reason for the Palace of Salat, its hardship and difficulty We conclude that the main criterion for the fault of the Sala'ah is for Shar'e, one day's journey, which in our time is 850 km. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Sociology of characters in the novel The Blind Owl by Sadegh Hedayat
Farhad Tahmasebi -
Open Access Article
56 - A Case Study of Three Different Brake Pads Used in Iranian Rail Systems
A. Nasr M. H. Esnaashary -
Open Access Article
57 - Synesthesia:The Study of Poems of SiminBehbahani and ForouqFarokhzad
Maryam Sa'adzadeh Shahin Ojaq AlizadehSynesthesiais one ofthe fictional figures which has hadmore frequencyin creation of contemporary poems compared to the past. For this, the author tries to analyze and revealhow this figure has been used inpoems of two prominent female poets "Forough" and "Simin" and use MoreSynesthesiais one ofthe fictional figures which has hadmore frequencyin creation of contemporary poems compared to the past. For this, the author tries to analyze and revealhow this figure has been used inpoems of two prominent female poets "Forough" and "Simin" and uses samples analysis and descriptive method through diagram and figures to evaluate this rhetorical element in their poems. It is concluded that using this artistic form for the two poets is significant in similarity in integrating senses and also senses frequency.ForoughFarokhzad has taken more advantageof synesthesia in contrast toSimin. Synesthesia was more frequent in the poetry of both poetsbased on the type (abstract to Sensory) compared to (Sensory to Sensory) one. Both poets have taken advantage of auditory and visual senses in way of integration of the senses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Localization of Accessory Pathways in Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Using Cross-Recurrence Plot of Precordial Leads
Sakineh Yahyazadeh Nader Jafarnia Dabanloo Ali Motie Nasrabadi Alireza Ghorbani SharifThe non-invasive localization of accessory pathway (AP) in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is typically performed upon physicians’ diagnoses based on observing their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, which are not always the same. Therefore, a high-acc MoreThe non-invasive localization of accessory pathway (AP) in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is typically performed upon physicians’ diagnoses based on observing their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, which are not always the same. Therefore, a high-accuracy automatic method can help minimize this gap regarding AP localization. This study was to develop a novel semi-automatic localization of AP in patients with WPW syndrome, using features selected from the cross-recurrence plot (CRP) of consecutive precordial leads on ECG. The study participants comprised of 31 patients with WPW syndrome (aged 8-69, with the mean age of 31.19±14.69, 32.3% female), receiving successful ablation therapy during the first session. The features extracted from the CRP, including laminarity (LAM), trapping time (TT), determinism (DET), and mean length of diagonal line (L) were then analyzed. The feature reduction, The classification and the cross-validation (CV) methods were sequential forward selection (SFS), the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and the leave-one-out (LOO) respectively. The proposed method could differentiate the right and left APs in the patients with WPW syndrome with the accuracy value of 87% (sensitivity: 93.33%, specificity: 81.25%). These results were achieved by the LAM and L features from the CRP of (V1, V2) and (V3, V4), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Study of the Early Development Factors of Failure in Valves of Reciprocating Compressors by Experimental and Numerical Simulation
Mostafa Sayahbadkhor Ali Mozafari Alireza Naddaf Oskouei -
Open Access Article
60 - Comparison of Vibration Amplitude in Isfahan Subway Due to Track Structure- An Experimental Study
sajjad sattari Mohammad Saadat Sayed Hasan Mirtalaie mahdi salehi ali soleimani -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of Sperling’s Index in Passenger and Freight Trains Under Different Speeds and Track Irregularities
sajjad sattari Mohammad Saadat Sayed Hasan Mirtalaie mahdi salehi ali soleimani -
Open Access Article
62 - Simulation of a Freight Train and The Effect of Wheel Flat Defect on The Wheel/Rail Dynamic Forces
Sajjad Sattari Mohammad Saadat Sayed Hasan Mirtalaie Mehdi Salehi Ali SoleimaniWheel/rail interaction is one of the most important research topics in railway engineering and generally includes impact response, vibrations, and track safety. Track structure failures caused by wheel/rail impact dynamic forces can lead to significant economic loss thr MoreWheel/rail interaction is one of the most important research topics in railway engineering and generally includes impact response, vibrations, and track safety. Track structure failures caused by wheel/rail impact dynamic forces can lead to significant economic loss through damage to rails, ballast, fastening system, etc. Wheel/rail impact forces occur due to defects in wheels and/or rails such as wheel flats, irregular wheel profiles, rail corrugation, etc. A wheel flat can cause a large dynamic impact force as well as high frequency forced vibrations, which will eventually lead to damage to the train and track structure. In the present work, a freight train (3D model) was used to analyze the dynamic impact caused by the wheel flat using UM software. The effects of wheel flat depth and length (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 mm) at two speeds of 50 and 80 km/h on wheel/rail dynamic forces have been investigated. The results showed that the presence of a wheel flat defect significantly increases the wheel/rail dynamic impact. For example, by increasing the wheel flat depth to 3 mm, the values of maximum force at speeds of 50 and 80 km/h have changed by about 235% and 400%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - A review on biosynthesis, regulation, and applications of terpenes and terpenoids
Anjali Singh Dhananjay Singh Sapna Sharma Nishu MittalEssential oils (EOs) are concentrated liquids extracted from various parts of plants and can be classified based on their phytochemical compounds. Terpenes and terpenoids have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, MoreEssential oils (EOs) are concentrated liquids extracted from various parts of plants and can be classified based on their phytochemical compounds. Terpenes and terpenoids have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiallergic properties. Terpenes are plant-based compounds commonly used in the pharmaceutical, food, biofuel, and chemical industries by humans. In synthetic biology, genomic resources and emerging tools facilitate the production of high-quality terpenoids in plants and microbes. Terpenoids, however, are difficult to produce in large quantities due to their complex chemical structures and the limited amounts found in plants. The regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis has gradually emerged as a research priority. This review presents an overview of the biological activities, synthesis pathways, and key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways and regulation of terpenes or terpenoids. This review will also include references for further research on molecular regulation, biological advancements, and increasing the content of terpenes or terpenoids in plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of Cognitive Map in Mental Models Recreating of the Environment
فاطمه ایمانی دیهیم تاکی مرضیه طبائیانThe purpose of this study was to know how people utilize information about their environment to find their way. This research method was qualitative, and its statistical population was all persons residing in Sange syah in Shiraz and all student of Shiraz University w MoreThe purpose of this study was to know how people utilize information about their environment to find their way. This research method was qualitative, and its statistical population was all persons residing in Sange syah in Shiraz and all student of Shiraz University who were not familiar with this area. (In both groups, meanage were 20). The research sample included 40 person who were selected voluntarily. The test environmental was historical context of Sange Syah in Shiraz. The research tool was the technique of drawing sketch maps from the test environment. The data were collected and analyzed from the survey maps of individuals in three viewpoints. The major finding was that peoples spatial knowledge is “map- like” and cognitive maps of the environment that people have in mind help the navigational process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Comparison of Coping Strategies of Runaway and Non-runaway Girls
faride sadat hoseini Behnam JamshidiThe present research was carried out to study the diligence of non-runaway girls in the usage of coping strategies. The type of the research is post hoc. 37 runaway girls, who were incarcerated and kept by relevant organizations, were selected via convenience sampling MoreThe present research was carried out to study the diligence of non-runaway girls in the usage of coping strategies. The type of the research is post hoc. 37 runaway girls, who were incarcerated and kept by relevant organizations, were selected via convenience sampling. Considering the mean age of the runaway girls, 37 single females residing in middle to low socioeconomic neighborhoods in Shiraz, were selected as the control group. The Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Kaver et al., 1989), Occupational Prestige Scale along with a number demographic questions was administered on the participants. The data were analyzed by applying Covariance statistical method. Results showed that there were significant differences between runaway and non - runaway girls in problem- and emotion- oriented coping strategies (P < 0.0001). It means that the runaway girls compared with the non-runaway girls, were using less problem- and emotion- oriented coping strategies in facing with stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - An Auction-based Cluster Head Selection Approach for Real Wireless Sensor Networks
Sepideh Adabi Nazanin Hamzejunushi Sahar Adabi -
Open Access Article
67 - Predicting the effects of the climate change on the geographical distribution of Astragalus verus Olivier in the Central Zagros region
Sima Teimoori Asl Ali Asghar Naghipour Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh Maryam Haidarian Aga KhaniBackground and ObjectiveClimate, soil characteristics, topography, land use, and biological relationships at various scales are the most important influencing factors on distribution and ecological niches of species. The climate is one of the most important determinants MoreBackground and ObjectiveClimate, soil characteristics, topography, land use, and biological relationships at various scales are the most important influencing factors on distribution and ecological niches of species. The climate is one of the most important determinants of plant distribution. Therefore throughout the past ecological history, climate change has had profound consequences on the current conditions of the world's ecosystems, including the existing distribution of species. Changes in the distribution of one species in a given geographical area due to the climate change can lead to shifting the presence regions of that species toward higher elevation that leads up to vegetative restriction or even extinction of the species. Shifting, or changing the geographical distribution of species is a strategy to be resistant to the climate change. Therefore, in order to protect the key ecological and valuable plant species, it is necessary to determine suitable habitats via identifying the most important environmental and human factors affecting the species presence in the current and future conditions. Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is a genus widely distributed throughout the temperate regions. The Astragalus verus Olivier is a small, valuable shrub with many branches. In addition to its protective role from the point of view of the soil, this species has medicinal and industrial values. In recent decades, the geographical range of the A. verus variety has been significantly declined due to factors such as land degradation and over utilization. Despite the national importance of the Astragalus genus, so far little research has been done on the consequences of the climate change on the distribution of species of this genus. The present study was conducted to accomplish the following objectives; 1) To identify suitable habitats and determin the geographical distribution of A. verus in Central Zagros in the current situation; 2) to predict of the consequences of climate change by 2050 and 2070 under different scenarios on geographical distribution of A. verus; 3) to determin the most important factors affecting the distribution of this species. distribution of A. verus; 3) to determin the most important factors affecting the distribution of this species. Materials and Methods This study was carried out in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in an area about 1.65 million hectare thai is totally located in Central Zagros region. Extensive field studies were integrated to collect geographical coordinates of the presence point (112 points) of this species by using Global Positioning System (GPS) throughout Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Bioclimatic (bio1–bio19), Physiographic variables (elevation, aspect, and slope) and land cover/land variables were used for modeling. Before modeling, two methods of Pearson correlation analysis and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) were used to check out the correlation between the various environmental variables. In order to model, 19 environmental variables including bioclimatic variables, physiography and land cover / land use were applied to model the distribution based on correlation analysis. Variables with Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r2<±0.8, VIF<3) were selected. Finally and after the omission of the layers having high correlation, nine variables were used for modeling. In order to predict the distribution of the suitable habitats of the Astragalus verus Olivier, Biomad2 software package in R environment (3.1.2 version) was used. In this study, ensemble methods including Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Generalized Boosting Method (GBM), the Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Flexible Discriminant Analysis (FDA), Random Forest (RF) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) were used to estimate the suitable habitats. We used 80% of the occurrence points as training data for model calibration and 20% of the rest of the data set to evaluate the predition of the models. Prediction of the geographical distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier in the future (years 2050 and 2070) was made based on four scenarios of the increase in the greenhouse gases (Representative Concentration Pathways; RCPs) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, RCP8.5 in general circulation model MRI-CGCM3. Model performance was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and the true skill statistic (TSS). Results and Discussion Our results revealed that the most effective variables in desirability of the study species habitat were the isothermality, mean temperature of the wettest season of the year and seasonal precipitation variables respectively. In keeping with the findings, the Astragalus verus Olivier mostly exists in habitats with Isothermality (bio3) from + 36.8 to + 39.7 °C, Mean Temperature of the Wettest season of the year (bio8) from - 2 to + 3.5 °C, and seasonal precipitation variables (bio15) from 100 to 112 mm and the Annual Precipitation of 280 mm to 490 mm. Based on the results of modeling of current conditions, in comparison to the other regions, northeast and east of the province had the most habitat importance for the Astragalus verus Olivier. Our findings show that about 27.43% of the study area was identified as suitable habitats for the Astragalus verus Olivier. Prediction of the geographical distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier in the future (years 2050 and 2070) was made based on four scenarios of the increase in the greenhouse gases (Representative Concentration Pathways; RCPs) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6, RCP8.5 in general circulation model MRI-CGCM3. Based on the future projections were made for the year 2050 and 2070 with four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenario (2.6, 4.5, 6 and 8.5) and general circulation model MRI-CGCM3. In keeping with our findings, climate change can have significant consequences for the Astragalus verus Olivier suitable habitats in the study area. Based on various senarios, about 45.70 percent (year 2050, RCP2.6) to 89.88 percent (year 2070, RCP8.5) of the current habitats for the Astragalus verus Olivier will be unsuitable due to the climate change by 2050 and 2070. While in the same period of time, about 1.58 (RCP8.5, 2050) to 13.19 percent (RCP2.6, 2070) may be added to the suitable habitats of this species in areas with higher elevation. According to all scenarios, the suitable habitats of this species will decrease in all habitats, especially in areas with lower elevation. The climate change consequences especially the probability of decling and shifting the geographical range of the plant species in various habitats of Iran especially in the central Zagros and also in Central Iran range are predicted. Assessments showed that the models had acceptable accuracy and Random Forest model was determined as the most reliable model to predict the distribution of this species. Conclusion Generally, this study indicated that ensemble model might predict the potential distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier with a relatively high accuracy (AUC= 0.92 and TSS= 0.79). The scenarios used in this study predict the probability of the shift of the geographical range of the studied species under climate change scenarios of 2050 and 2070. According to the results, it seems that the suitable habitat extent of the Astragalus verus Olivier in the study area has been decreased and will shit toward the higher elevation. Although land degradation and over utilization may be considered as two important factors in habitat degradation of this species but this study highlights the importance the effects of climate change on the distribution of the Astragalus verus Olivier. As a result of the severe and inappropriate harvest of the Astragalus verus Olivier, the range of its distribution and density has decreased in some areas, which has increased the intensity of phenomena such as soil erosion. This issue requires a double attention of the managers and experts of natural resources to the Astragalus verus Olivier and the other species with similar performance in ecosystems having importance from the view point of economic productivity as well as their ability to conserve the soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Perfect Man from Sanayee Qaznavi’s Viewpoint
Ali Akbar Afrasiyabpour Flor Valipour Chahardah CherikReal monotheist is the same perfect human being that reached the position of witness and manifestation that is the highest rank belonging to the prophet Mohammad. Any person who deals with this subject matter, while not using the term ‘perfect man’, and that stated at t MoreReal monotheist is the same perfect human being that reached the position of witness and manifestation that is the highest rank belonging to the prophet Mohammad. Any person who deals with this subject matter, while not using the term ‘perfect man’, and that stated at the center of the poetry, is Sanayee Qaznavi, the poet and mystic of 6th century AH. Upon ranking the perfect man, he stated a lot about divine cognition and believes that the way of getting to the final destination is to be their followers. He is to wonderment position as will of divine prophets in cognition and reaching to the right and passing way in God and survival on God and the role of human wisdom in reaching to this statute had significant poems. Also he believes that following sacred law in route of mystic path to reaching fact. He believes it as a procedure of perfect man to reach the right Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Truth Of Torment in Mysticism (Based on Ibn Arabi Viewpoint)
Mahnaz Tavakoli Marziyeh PeyvandiIn Spiritual wayfaring toward The Great Lord, any sin and disobedience from the order of the dearest -The Lord- in itself will be deemed a sin that will be followed by torment. The veil of divine revelation and closeness to God, in the mystics’ point of view, is the evi MoreIn Spiritual wayfaring toward The Great Lord, any sin and disobedience from the order of the dearest -The Lord- in itself will be deemed a sin that will be followed by torment. The veil of divine revelation and closeness to God, in the mystics’ point of view, is the evidence of torment and so is hell with the same level and deprivation of divine closeness. Any kinds of sin include stages of the same dimension which per se is torment so that the punishment of hypocrites and infidels and the rest will be different according to their levels. In fact, Hell and Naar are general concepts which cover all different aspects of punishment by themselves. Ibn-Arabi believes that the nature of torment is changeable and unstable, therefore it is a relative issue that fits with talent and taste in different recipients. In fact, in Ibn-Arabi’s point of view it is the understanding, impression and knowledge of the suffering man that would evolve towards to the issue of torment and thereby feels no pain and agony, and his torment finally ends up. What comes out of mystical texts would be that the punishment is in fact a manifestation of divine mercy indeed, which is used by God to reduce the burden of his sin by tormenting the guilty ones by means of which this mercy clears the nature of the guilty ones from turpitude and vice. This study attempts to use the verses and the words of mystics in a descriptive and analytical way to make clear the different aspects of the idea of torment, its reality and different kinds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Practical Spiritual Journey in the Light of Philosophical Mysticism: Imam Khomeini's Interpretation of Farghani's Spiritual Positions
Gholamreza Hosseinpour Mohammad SaeedimehrQunavi’s Miftah al-Ghayb is the most important work that was written in the knowledge of theoretical mysticism and also Fanari’s Misbah al-Uns as detailed description on Miftahal-Ghayb, having shared in arguing mystical topics. But the last chapter at the beginning of t MoreQunavi’s Miftah al-Ghayb is the most important work that was written in the knowledge of theoretical mysticism and also Fanari’s Misbah al-Uns as detailed description on Miftahal-Ghayb, having shared in arguing mystical topics. But the last chapter at the beginning of the Misbahal-Uns, is devoted to spiritual journey that Fanari in this chapter states the way of Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, in Manazelal-Saerin that, in fact, rewriting Farghani’s design in Montahal-Madarek, because Farghani, Khwaja Abdullah’s spiritual stations of the journey in accordance with the principles of the his master’s school, Qunavi, written and practical mysticism is studied from the perspective of philosophical mysticism. Imam Khomeini also has writing commentaries on this chapter of Misbah al-Uns that considers Khwaja Abdullah’swaystations, with Farghani statementand designs newfound points, particularly in terms of theoretical mysticism. Indeed, the commentaries are Imam Khomeini’s reading of Farghani’swaystations of the wayfar, thatin total, has written empathetic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Consequences and Difficulties of Mystical Behavior in Sanaei’s Odes
Eesmat Ahmadi Roknabadi Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi Abadi Mahmood SadeghzadehAbu al-Majd Majdud ibn Adam Sanai of Ghaznavid or Hakim Sanaei, a famous mystic and poet of the sixth century, was the first poet to combine the ideas and views of the school of Sufism, Sufi teachings and mystical advice with mystical and solid methods, with poetic tast MoreAbu al-Majd Majdud ibn Adam Sanai of Ghaznavid or Hakim Sanaei, a famous mystic and poet of the sixth century, was the first poet to combine the ideas and views of the school of Sufism, Sufi teachings and mystical advice with mystical and solid methods, with poetic tastes. Has opened in the world of Persian poetry and has provided the grounds for its expansion and culmination. Considering that one of the mystical issues is the path and behavior and the movement and path of God has authorities and houses. The seekers have no choice but to cross over to these authorities. With the passage of these authorities, new situations arise for seekers. These situations are pointed out by Mahboub Azali, who gives life to the seekers, connects them with promises, and helps them through the passage of the authorities. In this study, the author examines the content and method of the library and examines the consequences and difficulties of mystical behavior in Sana'i's poems. While examining and examining the wise verses, from his point of view, there are many difficulties and difficulties in the path of mystical behavior, and Sanaei, while advising the seeker to strive and strive for the path of love, asks him to be a veteran and sacrifice his sensual existence in this. The path seeks its purpose and desired. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - PROVIDING A MODEL FOR REDUCING DRUG SUPPLY CHAIN COST WITH USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS; CASE STUDY: IMAM ALI (AS) CARDIOVASCULAR HOSPITAL OF KERMANSHAH CITY
Mohammad Ehsanifar Parastu Farhaadi Sina Shalibeik -
Open Access Article
73 - Meta-heuristic methods to solve the problem of subway station facilities in urban management
Mehdi Fazli somayyeh faraji amoogin -
Open Access Article
74 - De-familiarization techniques in the poems of Ahmad Boroujerdi (Relying on a poetry book somewhere far away)
Shahlaa Amuzgaar Mohtasham MohammadiThe discovery of aesthetic methods in the poetry of contemporary poets is possible with various methods, one of which is to recognize the techniques of de-familiarization in form and structure. Ahmad Boroujerdi is one of the poets who, as much as his poetry is content, MoreThe discovery of aesthetic methods in the poetry of contemporary poets is possible with various methods, one of which is to recognize the techniques of de-familiarization in form and structure. Ahmad Boroujerdi is one of the poets who, as much as his poetry is content, prismatic and multi-layered; He has also tried to highlight the form and structure of language. De-familiarization has been used in several ways in his poems, including: De-familiarization in naming new objects, phenomena and concepts around him; In the coherence and movement of the circle of poetry; In continuous markings using contradictions and contrasts; In written form; In creating nested images; In repeating letters in order to induce various concepts; In creating nested images with a cohesive and organic connection, pictures full of pictures; In the choice of words and their new combination with each other, repetition of sounds and words, ambiguity, discernment, irony. This study examines the unfamiliarity in the poems: (Plan 5, Oriental, Who, Four Chapters, Nostalgia, Scarecrow, Ant, Plan 8) from the perspective of form and structure in the book "Somewhere Not Far" to the poet's success in blank verse And find unfamiliarity in this form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigating Different Memory Pathways L2 Learners use: A Practical Application to the Brain Compatible Learning
Behzad Nasirpour -
Open Access Article
76 - An overview of urban planning experiences in Kuala Lumpur with emphasis on wayfinding
Shima Abedi Elham Honarmand -
Open Access Article
77 - A Survey Of Personality Dimensions And Family Structure Of Home Runaway Girls
Sahar SafarzadehRunaway from home is a great problem affecting all societies. It is not a crime and occurs in all societies and at all times. Runaway from home is a socio-familial personal problem threatening the health of the family and society. In any case; researches showed that mat MoreRunaway from home is a great problem affecting all societies. It is not a crime and occurs in all societies and at all times. Runaway from home is a socio-familial personal problem threatening the health of the family and society. In any case; researches showed that material and cultural poverty, unemployed parents, lack of insight and ignorance of proper fostering on the part of parents on one hand, and the personality traits of the runaway girls who happen to be more extroverted, more adventuresome and more monotony-repulsive than ordinary girls, on the other hand, put them to trouble. This study was a survey of personality dimensions and family structure of runaway girls and the separation from or lack of family consequences was studied and guidelines to prevent such a phenomenon were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Relationship Of Self-Efficacy, Social Desirability And Social Anxiety In Female Students
فریبا Zargar Shirazi ناصر Seraj KhorammiThe current research was intended to examine the relationship of self-efficacy, social desirability and social anxiety in Abadan Islamic Azad University female students. The sample included 100female students, who were selected randomly via multi-stage sampling method. MoreThe current research was intended to examine the relationship of self-efficacy, social desirability and social anxiety in Abadan Islamic Azad University female students. The sample included 100female students, who were selected randomly via multi-stage sampling method. For collecting data three scales (questionnaires) were used: General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSE), Marlowe – Crowne Social Desirability Scale and Social Anxiety Scale (SAD, FNE).The analysis of data based on the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression statistical methods revealed that social anxiety significantly correlated to self-efficacy and social desirability.The results also indicated that the self-efficacy rather than social desirability was a significant predictor for social anxiety(the criterion variable). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی ضریب دبی در سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه با ایجاد کنگرههای مثلثی شکل در بال سرریز
امیر رضا بهره بر حسین آذر پیوند رسول فرهادیترکیب سرریز با دریچه باعث ایجاد تغییراتی در ضریب­دبی می‎گردد. سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه به دو منظور اندازهگیری دبی جریان و جلوگیری از انباشته شدن رسوبات در زمستان که آب گل‎آلود می­باشد، در پشت سرریز بکار می‎رود. در این پژوهش با طراحی و ساخت چهار مدل Moreترکیب سرریز با دریچه باعث ایجاد تغییراتی در ضریب­دبی می‎گردد. سازه ترکیبی سرریز- دریچه به دو منظور اندازهگیری دبی جریان و جلوگیری از انباشته شدن رسوبات در زمستان که آب گل‎آلود می­باشد، در پشت سرریز بکار می‎رود. در این پژوهش با طراحی و ساخت چهار مدل ترکیبی سرریزهای کنگره­ای مربعی همراه با دریچه، تاثیر پارامترهای هیدرولیکی از جمله فشار آب روی سرریز (h) و پارامترهای هندسی از جمله ارتفاع روزنه (a) عرض دریچه (b) و فاصله بین بالای روزنه تا راس مثلث (y)، بر ضریب­دبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایشات نشان داد که ضریب­دبی با افزایش نسبت‎های h/y،h/b و h/aبی­بعد کاهش می­یابد و مدل ترکیبی بیشتر عملکردی شبیه به دریچه دارد. همچنین رابطه­ای جهت تخمین ضریب­دبی جریان با ضریب همبستگی 98/0 ارائه شد. تحلیل حساسیت رابطه نشان داد که نسبت بی‎بعد h/y دارای بیشترین حساسیت و تاثیر را دارا می­باشد و در نهایت اینکه در جاهایی که محدودیت عرض سرریز وجود دارد با اجرای این نوع سرریزها و از همه مهم‎تر با ایجاد دریچه در بدنه سرریز یعنی به حالت ترکیبی میزان دبی عبوری افزایش خواهد یافت که بسیار حائز اهمیت می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - بررسی تأثیر همزمان مجرای تحتانی پلکانی و گردابشکن بر هیدرولیک جریان عبوری بر سرریز نیلوفری
روزبه آقامجیدی سید حبیب موسوی جهرمی حیدرعلی کشکولیدر دهههای اخیر سد های زیادی ساخته شده اند و یا در حال ساخت می باشند. با توجه به بالا بودن نیاز به آب و نیز فرسایش روز افزون خاک در مناطق مختلف لزوم احداث سد کاملاً محسوس می باشد. در سال 1900 تعداد سد های بزرگ، از 50 عدد تجاوز نمیکرد. ولیکن در بین سال های 1950 الی Moreدر دهههای اخیر سد های زیادی ساخته شده اند و یا در حال ساخت می باشند. با توجه به بالا بودن نیاز به آب و نیز فرسایش روز افزون خاک در مناطق مختلف لزوم احداث سد کاملاً محسوس می باشد. در سال 1900 تعداد سد های بزرگ، از 50 عدد تجاوز نمیکرد. ولیکن در بین سال های 1950 الی 1986 تعداد سد های بزرگ (بیش از 15 متر ارتفاع) بیش از 39000 شمارش گردید. از دهه 70 میلادی ساخت سدها توسعه روز افزونی داشته است. سرریزها بنا بر نوع بهره برداری و نوع پروژه متفاوت است. بهعبارت بهتر سرریزها دارای انواع مختلف می باشند که یکی از این انواع، سریز نیلوفری است. سرریز نیلوفری عبارت است از سرریز جداگانه ای که میتواند جایگزین سرریز جانبی شود. این سرریز از یک دهانه دایروی، یک تبدیل دایروی قائم و یک تونل تحت فشار افقی (یا تقریباً افقی) که نهایتاً آب را از مخزن سد به پایین دست منتقل میکند، تشکیل می شود. به عبارت دیگر، سرریز نیلوفری از یک تاج دایرهای تشکیل می شود که جریان را به یک محور مایل یا قائم هدایت می نماید. در این تحقیق جهت بررسی عملکرد توامان مجرای پلکانی و گرداب شکن برروی هیدرولیک سرریز نیلوفری آزمایشات متعددی با انواع گردابشکن و با انواع مجرای پلکانی انجام پذیرفت، که نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که بعد از انجام نزدیک 100 آزمایش بهترین مجرای پلکانی مربوط به مجرای 12 پلکان و گردابشکن با ارتفاع و طول کم با آرایش شش تایی است که باعث افزایش دبی عبوری به میزان 23 درصد میشود. لازم به ذکر است که افزایش ضخامت گرداب شکن بیش از هفت درصد شعاع سرریز اثر چندانی بر افزایش ضریب سرریز را ندارد. همچنین میتوان نتیجه گرفت که عملکرد سرریز با آرایش شش تایی دارای بازده و راندمان بالاتری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - بررسی تاثیرعمق استغراق برالگوی آبشستگی پایین دست جت آبی
فواد بروایه محمد حیدرنژاد حیدرعلی کشکولیهدف از این تحقیق بررسی الگوی آبشستگی پایین دست جت متاثر از تغییرات تراز سطح آب می باشد. همچنین در این تحقیق پارامترها و مؤلفه های مختلف پخشیدگی جریان جت مستغرق در سیال پذیرنده و ابعاد چاله آبشستگی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای نیل به اهداف یاد شده مدل فیزیکی م Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی الگوی آبشستگی پایین دست جت متاثر از تغییرات تراز سطح آب می باشد. همچنین در این تحقیق پارامترها و مؤلفه های مختلف پخشیدگی جریان جت مستغرق در سیال پذیرنده و ابعاد چاله آبشستگی مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای نیل به اهداف یاد شده مدل فیزیکی متناسب با موضوع تحقیق ساخته شد. با افزایش عدد فرود در خروجی نازل، سرعت جریان در سیال پذیرنده نیز بیشتر شده، همچنین به همین میزان سرعت فلاکس کلی جریان با افزایش عدد فرود بیشتر می شد. بررسی تاثیر عمق استغراق سیال پذیرنده بر روی سرعت خروجی نازل آزمایشات سرعت سنجی در اعماق استغراق مختلف انجام شد. با توجه به سرعت خروجی نازل به ازاء اعماق استغراق 10 و 30 و 50 برابر قطر نازل مشخص شد که سرعت های اندازهگیری شده بر هم منطبق بوده و تغییرات عمق بر روی سرعت خروجی تأثیرگذار نمی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - بررسی تاثیر زبری برروی استهلاک انرژی و سرریزهای پلکانی گابیونی، با استفاده از مدل ریاضی FLOW- 3D
کمال علاسوند جواد احدیان حسین فتحیانبررسی خصوصیات و رفتار جریان، در سازه­های هیدرولیکی، از پدیده­های پیچیده ای است که استفاده از نرم افزار در آن را امری اجتناب نا­پذیر می­نماید. سرریز پلکانی گابیونی سازه هیدرولیکی ساده‏ای است که برای استهلاک انرژی در سدهای مختلف و نیز کنترل فرسایش پایی Moreبررسی خصوصیات و رفتار جریان، در سازه­های هیدرولیکی، از پدیده­های پیچیده ای است که استفاده از نرم افزار در آن را امری اجتناب نا­پذیر می­نماید. سرریز پلکانی گابیونی سازه هیدرولیکی ساده‏ای است که برای استهلاک انرژی در سدهای مختلف و نیز کنترل فرسایش پایین دست سازه، استفاده می شود. سرریز پلکانی گابیونی از پلههایی تشکیل می شود که از نزدیکی تاج سرریز شروع شده و تا پاشنه پایین دست ادامه می یابند. در این تحقیق، نسبت عرض به طول زبری­ها (b/h) برابر با 1، 5/0 و 25/0 و سه حالت ارتفاع زبری، برای دبیهای4 تا 220 لیتردر ثانیه، در مدلی 9 پله­ای، با ارتفاع پله­های 1/0 متر و شیب 21 درجه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. و همچنین در خصوص تاثیر زبری­ها در نحوه پراکنش انرژی و بوجود آمدن جریان گردابه­ای، روی پلکان­های سرریز پلکانی گابیونی به وسیله نرم افزار Flow3D پرداخته شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که در بازه دبیهای 004/0 و 009/0 و 01/0 متر مکعب بر ثانیه، رژیم جریان به صورت ریزشی و از دبی 016/0 متر مکعب بر ثانیه به بالاتر، رژیم جریان، به صورت غیر ریزشی است و بیشترین استهلاک انرژی، مربوط به دبی 016/0 است که با 5/79 درصد انرژی، مستهلک می شود و کمترین استهلاک انرژی، مربوط به دبی 220/0 متر مکعب بر ثانیه می باشد که با 4/20 درصد انرژی، مستهلک شده خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The effect of technical education and meta-cognitive strategies in a group method on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education
Azam Harooni maryam taghvaeeyazdiThe purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population includes 430 student MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population includes 430 students of Teacher Training in Tabriz in 2018. A sample of 272 people was estimated using the Kerjesi-Morgan table that were selected through simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool consists of two standard questionnaires: self-centered learning skills questionnaire–Tran (2009) and the study approach questionnaire–Biggs, Kember and Leung (2001). The second questionnaire was modified in 2011 in Turkey by Ilymas and Orhan. The statistical tests used in this research are Anova, T-test and independent groups, Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed using Spss 20 software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the deep study approach and self-centered learning skills (r = 0.320). But there is a negative and significant relationship between the surface study approach to self-centered learning skills (r = -0.282). The results of t-test showed that self-centered learning skills and surface study approach have significant differences between men and women (p < 0.05). Anova results showed that there is no significant difference between the different groups of teacher education students about the measurement scales (p > 0.05). The in-depth study can lead to increased self-directed learning skills and educational authorities should take the necessary steps to promote this approach in teacher training centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Examining the solutions to improve the level of ability of primary teachers to use new methods of education in virtual space
kobra oveisThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating ways to improve the ability level of primary teachers to use new teaching methods in the virtual space of education in the three districts of Kermanshah. and as a platform for writing text using qualitative research MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of investigating ways to improve the ability level of primary teachers to use new teaching methods in the virtual space of education in the three districts of Kermanshah. and as a platform for writing text using qualitative research method. In this research, 12 professors and experts who are proficient in modern teaching methods of the third education district of Kermanshah city have been used. In order to identify effective strategies for improving the level of teachers' ability, thematic analysis method was used. Using purposeful and snowball sampling and theoretical saturation index, sampling was done from the research population. For this purpose, several experts in the field of educational management were identified and interviewed using the purposeful sampling method. In order to ensure the validity of the tool in the research, the valuable opinions of professors familiar with this field and academic experts who were experts and informed in this field were used. Also, to evaluate the reliability of the method proposed by Lincoln and Cuba, and to ensure the validity and acceptability of the data, the constant and continuous conflict method was used. 5 components (information literacy competence, communication and collaboration competence, electronic content production competence, security and health competence and problem solving competence) were effective in improving teachers' competence, so it can be concluded that competence in educational organizations is more important than other organizations..This study was conducted with the aim of investigating ways to improve the ability level of primary teachers to use new teaching methods in the virtual space of education in the three districts of Kermanshah. and as a platform for writing text using qualitative research method. In this research, 12 professors and experts who are proficient in modern teaching methods of the third education district of Kermanshah city have been used. In order to identify effective strategies for improving the level of teachers' ability, thematic analysis method was used. Using purposeful and snowball sampling and theoretical saturation index, sampling was done from the research population. For this purpose, several experts in the field of educational management were identified and interviewed using the purposeful sampling method. In order to ensure the validity of the tool in the research, the valuable opinions of professors familiar with this field and academic experts who were experts and informed in this field were used. Also, to evaluate the reliability of the method proposed by Lincoln and Cuba, and to ensure the validity and acceptability of the data, the constant and continuous conflict method was used. 5 components (information literacy competence, communication and collaboration competence, electronic content production competence, security and health competence and problem solving competence) were effective in improving teachers' competence, so it can be concluded that competence in educational organizations is more important than other organizations.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - investigate the role of loneliness and psychological distress in predicting self-harm behaviors in runaway girls
somayeh sabaghi renaniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of loneliness and psychological distress in predicting self-harm behaviors in adolescent girls with a history of running away from home. This research was a descriptive and correlational type of research. The statist MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of loneliness and psychological distress in predicting self-harm behaviors in adolescent girls with a history of running away from home. This research was a descriptive and correlational type of research. The statistical population of the current research was girls who referred to the social emergency of Isfahan city in the first half of 2023, and 92 people were selected by purposive sampling. The research tools include the self-harm questionnaire (Sanson, Yederman and Sanso, 1998), the emotional social loneliness questionnaire for adults (DiTomaso, Brannen and Best, 2004) which includes 3 subscales (family loneliness, romantic loneliness, social loneliness), psychological distress questionnaire. Psychological (Laviband and Laviband, 1995) which included 3 subscales (anxiety, depression, stress). In order to analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and simultaneous regression were used. In this study, the average age of the participants was 15.95 and the standard deviation was 1.4. The findings showed that the feeling of loneliness and psychological distress has a positive and significant relationship with self-harm behaviors (P<0.05). The results showed that Mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and stress, which are now very common, cause self-harm and self-harm behaviors in teenagers, and on the other hand, feelings of loneliness, especially family and social loneliness, can lead to self-harming behaviors in teenagers. So that teenagers feel calm after self-injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - White marriage and ways to deal with it
fateme askari Parviz Askary Amirreza AskaryFamily is one of the most core elements of society which is formed by marriage. Through time, several factors have evolved the Natural and innate routine of marriage and has removed it from its Shari'a and customary state. White marriage is one of the concepts that ente MoreFamily is one of the most core elements of society which is formed by marriage. Through time, several factors have evolved the Natural and innate routine of marriage and has removed it from its Shari'a and customary state. White marriage is one of the concepts that entered the Iranian culture from the western lifestyle. It is a bond existing between two people for an indefinite period of time and lacks social and legal legitimacy in our society. Cohabitation is generally defined as living together in an intimate relationship without marriage. Despite marital status being the ultimate indicator of relationship commitment, the opportunity to marry has not always been available to everyone. For many people, cohabitation is the only way to show such commitment, and for others it is a priority.The current research is conducted using analytical-descriptive method and in terms of the type of data used, it is a review research, since the ways to deal with white marriage have been investigated. The results of this research show that in our country, the issues on the way to marriage drive people to white marriage. In other countries, cultural and value changes have caused the spread of this lifestyle, but in our country, issues such as the economic situation, cumbersome customs, expensive ceremonies, etc. cause people to tend towards white marriage. Therefore Considering the prevalence of this phenomenon among people in the society, the role of government, national media and family as the most influential factors is very essential and necessitates useful and effective educational measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Content analysis of Khajeh Abdollah Ansari , s Munajat Nameh With emphasis on cultural and moral messages
Ali Rashidpoor Amin SharifmaneshKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is one of the Sufi scholars and mystics, and the geniuses of Iranian literature.His unique work has transformed this person into an important cultural personality. In spite of being personal, this work is under epistemological books and has social MoreKhajeh Abdullah Ansari is one of the Sufi scholars and mystics, and the geniuses of Iranian literature.His unique work has transformed this person into an important cultural personality. In spite of being personal, this work is under epistemological books and has social, cultural and moral roots. In this paper, using the method of content analysis, after the full text was read, the interpretation and analysis of the content of the Munajat Nameh of Khajeh Abdollah Ansari was discussed; Then, in a systematic process, the main categories and themes were extracted from the text of the Munajat Nameh. The content of the Monajat Nameh was analyzed in two sections of moral and cultural messages. The analysis revealed that Khajeh Abdullah Ansari presented cultural messages in the form of six main themes: sympathetic and peaceful attitude with the other, emphasis on intelligence and wisdom, denial of materialism, life expectancy and attachment of God, emphasis on tolerance and resilience, anonymous emphasis and escape of power. Ethical messages were also presented in the form of six themes: the emphasis on morality and theology, the belief in God, the emphasis on God's repentance, thought in the center of God, the denial of duplicity and hypocrisy, blaming followers of the passion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - An Archetypal Reading of Forough Farrokhzad's "The Wind Will Take Us Away" from the Perspective of Northrop Frye
Seyed Reza EbrahimiIn his Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye argues that the mythical mode is the most abstract and stylized of all literary modes. Frye uses the seasons in his archetypal schema, aligning each season with a literary genre. He argues that a hero's life mimics the cycle of MoreIn his Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye argues that the mythical mode is the most abstract and stylized of all literary modes. Frye uses the seasons in his archetypal schema, aligning each season with a literary genre. He argues that a hero's life mimics the cycle of the yearly seasons, with comedy aligning with spring, romance with summer, tragedy with autumn, and satire with winter. Critics consider Forough Farrokhzad's "Another Birth" collection to be the manifestation of her intellectual and poetic evolution cycle, endowed with a profound look and thought about the myth of creation. One of the notable poems in this collection is "The Wind Will Take Us Away". Using Northrop Frye's Archetypal criticism, this study aims to investigate the transformation in the vision and thought that the poem presents in the archetypes expressed with the concepts of the seasons. The findings show that the subject of the poem, passing through the love myth and romance of her life and entering the field of the winter myth, achieves understanding, awareness, and new experiences, making a thoughtful expression of the concept of love. This transformation can be found in the transformation of the concept of love, which passes from a physical, transitory concept associated with destruction and coldness, to a heavenly and eternal sphere that is comforting, warm, and life-giving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - An Investigation on Reflection of Realism in Laahuti’s Poetry
Morteza Ruzzagh poor Somayye NoushabadiThe realism school is one of the most essential schools of art established in the middle of nineteenth century in France and developed rapidly. The abstaining of romantic im MoreThe realism school is one of the most essential schools of art established in the middle of nineteenth century in France and developed rapidly. The abstaining of romantic imagination and inspiration and paying attention to the reality of external world was the most essential elements of this school which attracted the poets, authors and artists. Accompanied with the constitutionalist’s activities in Iran, the poets and authors who tried to display the external realities and degeneration and retardation of the country applied this artistic insight, almost imperfectly, and they also employed it for revolutionary purposes. The age of constitution should be counted as the important moment of dragging the Persian poetry to the private life of people and the problems of society and in general total inclination to the realism. Among the poets, Abolghaasem- e-Laahuti, by intense tendency to the left proceeding, pays attention to the country`s circumstances. This paper tries to investigate Laahuti’s poetry to find the realistic elements in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - A Survey on a Nostalgic Element (Being away from the Beloved) in some poems by Manouchehr Atashi
Mohammad Rayhani Robabe Ghasaban ShirvanThis paper is a survey on nostalgia (sorrowful longing because of wondering) in Manouchehr Atashi's poem relying on one of the nostalgic elements (being away from the beloved). Defining and expressing roots of nostalgia in romantic school, its relationship deals with n MoreThis paper is a survey on nostalgia (sorrowful longing because of wondering) in Manouchehr Atashi's poem relying on one of the nostalgic elements (being away from the beloved). Defining and expressing roots of nostalgia in romantic school, its relationship deals with nostalgia and memories of the elements of being away from the beloved in Atashi’s poetry. Being away from the beloved, Atashi suffers from sadness and nostalgia and renders more royal beloved lost love and is relatively writing romantic poetry. In this context, sometime he remembers his first love, and sometime he talks to her real beloved. Constantly, leaving serious impacts on his poem, he remembers his past memories and designates them in the lines of his poems. Atashi was deeply in love during his life, so his poetry being affected by his memories is quite romantic and nostalgic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The role of digital transformation and entrepreneurial leadership on organization performance with the mediation of two-way learning (case study: small businesses of Bushehr province)
Mani Arman hamidreza nematollahi Elham tangestani Seyed Ahmad MousaviThe purpose of the research is to investigate the role of digital transformation and entrepreneurial leadership on the performance e organization with the mediating role of two-way learning. The method of the current research is applied of purpose and descriptive-survey MoreThe purpose of the research is to investigate the role of digital transformation and entrepreneurial leadership on the performance e organization with the mediating role of two-way learning. The method of the current research is applied of purpose and descriptive-survey of correlation type in terms of data collection. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is all small businesses in Bushehr province, and the statistical sample research was considered to be 50 businesses, and each business was given 3 questionnaires. The content validity of the questionnaire was examined using the opinions of experts in the field of management and the construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured using SPSS software. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was equal to 0.95, which indicates the good reliability of the questionnaire. In order to measure the hypotheses of the research, structural equation modeling, SMART PLS software was used. The results of the research hypotheses show that digital transformation affects two-way learning with a t-statistic value (5.74), entrepreneurial leadership affects two-way learning with a t-statistic value (7.56), and two-way learning affects organizational performance with a t-statistic value. (13/69) has a positive and significant effect. Also, digital transformation has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance with the mediating role of two-way learning at the value of t-statistic (5.43) and entrepreneurial leadership on organizational performance with the mediating role of two-way learning at the value of t-statistic (6.23). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - On Politics in Islam: a non-state-based inquiry
Hamid Malekzadeh Maryam ShamsaeiIn this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamen MoreIn this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamental concept of lifestyle. In this framework, we will try to show how this neither the Islamic state, whether it is the prophet of the Prophet or the Imam of the innocent, or whether the Shi'a or Sunni cleric, but the Muslim soul, was in the way of life or form of It is a question of joining the world that represents the religion of Islam as a political entity. We will discuss the ways of joining the world and the specific system of physical control that make different political identities by studying prayer and its logical interactions. We will finally show how prayer, especially as a collective sanction, is a form of identity or political distinction. We will try to study the relationship between the concept of friendship, its Aristotelian meaning, and prayer-related politics. We will also show how prayer, like other religious practices, can be in the form of collective relations as a democratic basis for forming political identity, or as we see in the radical Democracy of Chantal Moff. We will try to turn the concept of prayer into the theoretical foundation for formulating the concept of a socially Muslim way in a political recitation of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Back analysis of Qazvin – Rasht tunnel using instrumentation data
Kambiz Hedayatnasab Ahmad Adib Kamran Goshtasbi Masoud MonjeziVarious types of numerical analyses such as the finite element method, the boundary element method and thedistinct element method, are used in rock mechanics and in engineering practices for designing rock structuressuch as tunnels, underground caverns, slopes, dam foun MoreVarious types of numerical analyses such as the finite element method, the boundary element method and thedistinct element method, are used in rock mechanics and in engineering practices for designing rock structuressuch as tunnels, underground caverns, slopes, dam foundations and so on. In this paper, the results of backanalysis of Koohin tunnel which is located in the first section of Qazvin – Rasht railway have been presented.The main purpose of this paper is to perform the back analysis of the mentioned!tunnel with the use of numericalmodels. For modeling the tunnel, two different sections are analyzed with Flac 2-D software, which are 30+150and 30+900. To perform back analysis the suitable interval of geomechanical parameters according to the testswhich performed on the core drillings has been determined. With the use of Direct Method in back analysis, theerrors of models have been corrected in several steps and finally the geomechanical parameters of control in30+150 station (Elastic Modules = 0.3 GPa, Cohesion = 0.21 MPa & Internal Angle of Friction = 34°) and in30+900 station (Elastic Modules = 0.3 GPa, Cohesion = 0.21 MPa & Internal Angle of Friction = 35°) have beenachieved. The geomechanical parameters which achieved from back analysis are completely in the choseninterval and compliance with the results of tests which performed on core drillings. On this basis and accordingto the match of the geomechanical parameters which obtained from back analysis with the parameters whichused in designing of the tunnel, the tunnel design and the structure method were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Application of Pastakia Matrice for Enviromental Impact Assessment in Tehran-Pardis Highway and Khojir Park
seyedeh shahnaz ghazimirsaeed seyed masoud monavariPopulation growth and increasing of urbanization make the request for extending new roads.High & Heavy traffic of the east of Tehran enters high pressure on transportation. Network of thiscity and old road of Tehran-Rudehen does not meet this need and remove this pr MorePopulation growth and increasing of urbanization make the request for extending new roads.High & Heavy traffic of the east of Tehran enters high pressure on transportation. Network of thiscity and old road of Tehran-Rudehen does not meet this need and remove this problem.Therefore, constructing the new highway which is Tehran – Pardis in the east of Tehran would beneeded. But the new highway prasses the protected area of Jajrood and next to Khojir NationalPark. These areas are those regions including ecologic values as well as national importance,which are chosen for supporting the animal and plant life and also for preventing their gradualdepletion. Therefore, constructing the new highway next to or inside these regions, have potentialImpacts. In this study, for anticipating the effects and evaluating them, and comparing withwidening the present road, pastakia matrice method, was used. The resutls of the research showthat constructing the new highway has the negative consequences less and more positive effectscomparing with widening the present road. For making less the negative consequences ofconsidered plan, managetical strategies has been provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - An Analysis on Slide Trenches of the Railway and Stabilization with Slope Change, Retaining Structure and Rock shed Methods and Reducing Destruction of Agricultural Lands and Orchards
Mohammad Reza Zare -
Open Access Article
96 - Security in the Internet of Things (IoT): A review of the status, challenges and future issues )
Alireza Zamani -
Open Access Article
97 - A 21-Degree of Freedom Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of an Iranian Railway Coach
Hamid Tavakoli Javad Alizade KakalorThis paper presents modeling and dynamic analysis of a high-speed railway coach with the aim of calculating the critical hunting speed. A heuristic nonlinear creep model was used to derive the nonlinear coupled differential equations of motion for a high-speed railway c MoreThis paper presents modeling and dynamic analysis of a high-speed railway coach with the aim of calculating the critical hunting speed. A heuristic nonlinear creep model was used to derive the nonlinear coupled differential equations of motion for a high-speed railway coach. The degree of freedom considered for the vehicle was 21 (21-DOF). The derived equations were solved using MATLAB software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Analysis of the Service Area of Tehran Subway Stations and the Allocation of new Stations using the ANP Method
Ebrahim Nejat Mohammad Hassan Vahidnia Hossein AghamohammadiThe rapid growth of population and urbanization in recent decades has created many problems in human daily life. One of the important issues in this connection is urban transportation, especially public transportation, and it is of great interest today. Studying the eff MoreThe rapid growth of population and urbanization in recent decades has created many problems in human daily life. One of the important issues in this connection is urban transportation, especially public transportation, and it is of great interest today. Studying the effective factors and evaluating the location of subway stations is one of the important and necessary issues in the urban context. The importance and prestige of any city depends on its city services. The more these services and facilities are at an ideal level, the more comfortable the conditions are for the citizens' lives and the more the satisfaction of the citizens, which is one of the most important urban services of public transportation, especially the urban subway. Accordingly, the scientific goal of this research is to use GIS analysis to identify service areas and use multi-criteria decision models to locate new stations. This research has been carried out through several steps, including identifying variables, preparing standard criteria maps, obtaining the weight of layers, applying the weight of layers, and fuzzy overlapping of layers. Analytical Network Process (ANP) model was used to weight the criteria. In the results of weighting, the distance from the fault, the distance from the parking lot, and the population without cars had the greatest impact on positioning. Finally, suitable places for the construction of the metro station were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Identification of the Elements Effective on the Resilient Design of emergency evacuation ways against Fire
Vahid Bahrami Iraj Etessam Azadeh Shahcheraghi -
Open Access Article
100 - Defining a Structural Model for the Revitalization of the Lost Urban Spaces (City Entrances) in Contemporary Urban Design Case Study: Entrance of Sanandaj
Seyed Mohammadreza Khatibi Farah Habib -
Open Access Article
101 - Interaction of Bouyehid and Safavid rulers with religious minorities based on the approximation of religions
Ayyoub Tahmazi Hossein khosravi sohrab eslami ahmadreza behniafar ali elhamiInteraction with religious minorities is considered important in all governments, and the rulers of Buwayhid (ruled: 322-448 AH) and Safavid (ruled: 907-1148 AH) to bring religions and use the science and knowledge of this group of residents of Islamic countries to this MoreInteraction with religious minorities is considered important in all governments, and the rulers of Buwayhid (ruled: 322-448 AH) and Safavid (ruled: 907-1148 AH) to bring religions and use the science and knowledge of this group of residents of Islamic countries to this Whether the subject was given special attention or not, the present study is considered a historical research in a descriptive, analytical manner and its related topics have been collected from authoritative historical sources in the form of libraries. The present article tries to examine the treatment of religious minorities by these two governments and provide a realistic picture of the Buwayhid and Safavid treatment of minorities. The results of the research show that although Al-Buwayh and Safavid were Shiite and it was natural for Shiite rulers to treat religious minorities similarly, it was the Buwayhid government that administered justice between Muslims and minorities and in most cases used them in the works; But during most of their rule, the Safavids not only did not use minorities in their court, but in most cases did not respect their rights and even treated them inhumanely. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Role and Position of Oil on Economic and Political in Iranian Society
jamal mohammadyan Malek Zolghadr asghar partoviIn Iran, oil as a source of energy, life, and economy of the people has influenced the country and it has been recognized as the agent of the national credit and engine of economic growth and the country's largest source of revenue. Oil resources have been an important MoreIn Iran, oil as a source of energy, life, and economy of the people has influenced the country and it has been recognized as the agent of the national credit and engine of economic growth and the country's largest source of revenue. Oil resources have been an important part of the state revenues. The significant role of oil can be detected clearly by a simple comparison between the revenues from oil export and revenues from non-oil export. It is also highly dependent on oil revenues. This research recognizes the negative effects of oil on the economy and finally shows an appropriate strategy to resolve the current situation. The results of the study suggest the best way to avoid negative impacts of oil on Iran's economy. Considering Norway's experiences in this area, the establishment of the National Wealth Fund is an appropriate way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - A Comparative Study of Metacognitive Strategies in One-way vs. Two-way Speaking Tasks among Iranian EFL Learners
Faranak Sodagari Adel Dastgoshadeh -
Open Access Article
104 - Nonlinear Modeling and Optimal Output Control of Two Wheeled Balancing Transporter
Reza Babazadeh Ataollah Gogani Khiabani Hadi Azmi -
Open Access Article
105 - Work-related stress and psychosocial problems among shift workers: a case study on pakistan railway Lahore, pakistan
Saadia Talib Shahzad Ali -
Open Access Article
106 - Relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boy students`self-esteem
Khalil Ghaffari Seyed Saeed HosseiniThis research as relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools in Aligudarz. For this purpose, a sample of 240 students who were selected by cluster sampling method, has been studied. The main MoreThis research as relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools in Aligudarz. For this purpose, a sample of 240 students who were selected by cluster sampling method, has been studied. The main purpose in this study was: to examine relationship used punishment and reward practiceswith students`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools,and the main hypotheses was: Between use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools, there is a significant relationship. The research design was, causal - comparative and to analyse the data and information obtained, Pearson correlation, t-test and Chi-square test was used.The information and data collection instrument used in this study comprised two questionnaires: researcher-developed questhonnire of the use of punishment and reward practices and Alice pope self-esteem questionnaire. The findings of this study showed that: the main research hypothesis wasn`t confirmed. Also hypotheses 3 and 4 research were confirmed and hypotheses 1, 2, 5; 6 and 7 were not confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Causes and Factors of Girls' Escape from Home (A Case Study of Amol City)
Naser Peykari Mohammad Barany Abdolah HassanzadehBackground and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and motivations of girls escaping from home and trying to study the phenomenon of escape from different aspects. Method: This study was a qualitative One with content analysis technique. In this MoreBackground and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and motivations of girls escaping from home and trying to study the phenomenon of escape from different aspects. Method: This study was a qualitative One with content analysis technique. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 girls who fled their homes in 1398 and were filing in the welfare and law enforcement agencies. In-depth interviews were conducted and in a few stages, and the Collected data were categorized and analyzed . We also interviewed a number of social welfare and emergency experts in Amol and Sari and a number of Amol and Sari police experts on the causes and reasons of girls' escape from their homes. The results of the present study were classified into four main categories: family, individual, community, and supportive organizations. The results of the study indicate that the family as the first and most important institution of society has an important role in the upbringing and socialization of children with collective standards and values, and in the event of a malfunction or incorrect operation, the consequences for children will be awaiting. The second factor is the personality and personality traits that will respond to family and social problems The third factor is the community and its elements that play an important role in exacerbating or reducing the damage to children. Ultimately, support and advocacy organizations will play an important role in moderating, rehabilitating, reforming, and re-socializing the affected person if the inefficient family and individual personality and community environment are shaken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Examining the relationship between social skills and self-confidence in runaway girls.
Mohammad Reza Iravani Jafar EbrahimiRunning away from home is one of the maladaptive behaviors of adolescents and regarding its adverse consequences, it is one of the social damages of the community. Damage that could affect the individual and community's mental health.Meanwhile there are more concerns ab MoreRunning away from home is one of the maladaptive behaviors of adolescents and regarding its adverse consequences, it is one of the social damages of the community. Damage that could affect the individual and community's mental health.Meanwhile there are more concerns about the increasing number of girls run aways. Girls running away roots in poverty, divorce, extreme prosperity and freedom, sexual assault, addiction, the gap between generations and the conflicts between children and parents. This article examines the relationship between social skills and self-confidence and reduction of the escape of the girls aged 12 to 18 in Isfahan. The results showed that with increased self-confidence and social skills the amount of girls running away from home decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Quran and Women Civic Duty
علی شیرخانیPopulation on the earth is divided almost equally into two genders of men and women. Paternalism has been the order of the day since when man set foot on the earth. The question posed is how Quran which is the words of God, judges paternalism. In this article, it is aim MorePopulation on the earth is divided almost equally into two genders of men and women. Paternalism has been the order of the day since when man set foot on the earth. The question posed is how Quran which is the words of God, judges paternalism. In this article, it is aimed to investigate Quran verses 228, 34 and 33 in Surah Bagharah, Nesa and Ahzab respectively which jurist consults of the past and present considers them to imply women deprivation of assuming civil responsibilities. Conclusion in this article is that the above Quran’s verses referred to above negate the deprivation of women from being involved in civic activities. Women are authorized to become chairs and ministers, limitations as such are limited only to prophets’ wives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - بررسی اثربخشی گذرگاه های-چندگانه مغز بعنوان یک مدل آموزش مغز-محور بررروی استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی
ژیلا نائینی جوانشیر اسدی نسرین سادات اعظمیهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مغز ـ محور بر استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی در استان گلستان بود. برای اجرای این پژوهش، از طرح پژوهشی نیمه‎آزمایشی همراه با پیش‎آزمون ـ مداخله ـ پس‎آزمون با گروه کنترل، استفاده شد. Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی آموزش مغز ـ محور بر استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی در استان گلستان بود. برای اجرای این پژوهش، از طرح پژوهشی نیمه‎آزمایشی همراه با پیش‎آزمون ـ مداخله ـ پس‎آزمون با گروه کنترل، استفاده شد. جامعه آماری آن، دانشجویان کارشناسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی استان گلستان بودند. برای نمونه آماری، 30 دانشجوی آموزش زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد واحد علی‎آباد کتول، به‎کمک روش نمونه‎گیری در دسترس، انتخاب و گروه آزمایش نام‎گذاری شدند و30 دانشجوی آموزش زبان انگلیسی نیز از واحد گرگان انتخاب شدند و گروه کنترل نام گرفتند. ابزار پژوهش، پرسش‎نامه‎های استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی، لاویبوند و لاویبوند (1995) (DASS21) و پرسش‎نامه فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده (ویلیام و دسی، 1996) بود و به‎عنوان پیش‎آزمون و پس‎آزمون قبل و بعد از مداخله، در گروه‎های آزمایش و کنترل (بدون مداخله) استفاده شدند. برای مداخله، گروه آزمایش با بهره‎مندی از مدل گذرگاه چندگانه زدینا (2014) در 10 جلسه تحت آموزش مغز ـ محور قرار گرفت. گذرگاه‎های چندگانه مغزی مدل زدینا، گذرگاه حسی ـ حرکتی، گذرگاه عواطف، گذرگاه پاداش، گذرگاه توجه و حافظه و گذرگاه لب پیشانی هستند. هر جلسه آموزشی بر تمرین‎ها و روش‎هایی متمرکز بودند که با گذرگاه خاصی از مغز ارتباط داشتند. پیش‎آزمون (پرسش‎نامه‎ها) در ابتدای ترم آموزشی به‎طور آن‎لاین برای هر دو گروه ارسال شد و پس‎آزمون (همان پرسش‎نامه‎ها) نیز، بعد از 10 جلسه، بار دیگر در اختیار هر دو گروه قرار گرفت. تحلیل داده‎ها حاکی از اثربخشی آموزش مغزـ محور بر استرس، اضطراب، افسردگی و فضای حمایتی ادراک‎شده فراگیران زبان انگلیسی استان گلستان بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - بررسی مقایسه ای به کارگیری راهبردهای فراشناختی در مهارت صحبت کردن در شیوه یک سویه در مقابل شیوه دو سویه بر روی فرا گیران ایرانی زبان خارجه
فرانک سوداگری عادل دستگشادهاین مطالعه جهت بررسی کاربرد راهبردهای فراشناختی در مهارت صحبت کردن انجام گرفته و به طور خاص سعی در بررسی این موضوع دارد که در تمرینات یک سویه و دو سویه صحبت کردن چه راهبردهای فراشناختی به کار گرفته می شود. به همین منظور 60 دانش آموز سطح بزرگسال (زن) به طور تصادفی Moreاین مطالعه جهت بررسی کاربرد راهبردهای فراشناختی در مهارت صحبت کردن انجام گرفته و به طور خاص سعی در بررسی این موضوع دارد که در تمرینات یک سویه و دو سویه صحبت کردن چه راهبردهای فراشناختی به کار گرفته می شود. به همین منظور 60 دانش آموز سطح بزرگسال (زن) به طور تصادفی و از طریق آزمون یکسان سازی OPT انتخاب شدند و به دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش تقسیم شدند. برای بررسی به کارگیری راهبردهای فراشناختی از پرسشنامه فراشناختی (اکسفورد، 1990) استفاده شده است. گروه کنترل تمرینات یک سویه و دو سویه را به شیوه مرسوم انجام دادند و گروه آزمایش پس از دریافت راهبردهای فراشناختی به انجام تمرینات پرداختند. بعد از مرحله پس آزمون و مقایسه ANCOVA مشخص شد که مقدار میانگین مقایسه ای بین دو گروه تفاوت قابل توجهی داشته است. نتایج نشان می دهد که گروه آزمایش بهتر از گروه کنترل عمل کردند. از طریق آمار توصیفی و آزمون خی دو این نتیجه به دست آمده است که استفاده از راهبردهای فراشناختی در تمرینات یک سویه و دو سویه صحبت کردن متفاوت بوده و در هرکدام یک سری از این راهبردها به کار گرفته شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Antioxidant activity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and black caraway (Buniumpersicum Boiss) extracts, individually and in combination on chemical changes and sensory properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix) stored in refrigerator
مرضیه Gholamzadeh هدایت Hosseini سهیل Eskandari ابراهیم Hosseini مریم GholamzadehHerbs due to having natural antioxidant compounds are widely used by food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of antioxidant activities of black cumin as well as black caraway extracts individually and in the comb MoreHerbs due to having natural antioxidant compounds are widely used by food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of antioxidant activities of black cumin as well as black caraway extracts individually and in the combination form on chemical and sensory properties of silver carp during refrigerator storage. To do this, fish was cut into four parts. Three parts were dipped in 1% solution of black cumin and black caraway extracts, and their combination. The forth part was dipped in distilled water as a control sample. All fish cuts were packed up in polyethylene bags and were stored at refrigerator (4±1°C). Chemical indices (i.e., PV, TBA and FFA) and sensory properties were measured over a period of 15 days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days). According to the results, in all three treatments lipid oxidation was delayed significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with the control sample. Moreover, sensory analysis revealed that the sample treated with black cumin extract had the best quality over the period of 15 days. Besides, the rising trend of the chemical indices was hindered significantly in comparison with the other treatments. Based on the results, it was concluded that extracts of black cumin and black caraway and their combination had an antioxidant effect on silver carp fish and could lengthen the shelf-life of the treated samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Effectiveness of Psycho-Social Training Special for Runaway Girls on Social Intimacy and Loneliness
Sahar Mirghobad Khodarahmi Asghar Aghaei Jeshvaghani Aghaei Jeshvaghani Mohsen GolparvarIncrease of runaway incidence among girls needs to scientific investigation with regards to an interventional approach for etiology and treatment of this phenomenon in the country. This study is purposed to examine the efficacy of psychosocial skills training on improve MoreIncrease of runaway incidence among girls needs to scientific investigation with regards to an interventional approach for etiology and treatment of this phenomenon in the country. This study is purposed to examine the efficacy of psychosocial skills training on improvement of social intimacy and decline of loneliness among refereed runaway girls to guidance centers of welfare organization in Isfahan province. This is a quasi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups and pre and post test assessment. Sample included 40 runway girls with a purposive sampling method which recruited in experimental and control groups randomly. The Psychological Rehabilitation Training Package, the Social Intimacy Inventory (SSI; Aghamohammadi, et al., 2011) and the Loneliness Questionnaire (UCLQ; Russell, Peplau & Ferguson, 1978) were used in the present study. The results of covariate analysis showed that training of psychosocial skills significantly improved social intimacy and decline of loneliness among of runaway girls during pre test of in comparison to their performance on post test. Findings showed that psychosocial skills training with seven dimensions during thirteen sessions have significant effect on improvement of social intimacy and decline of loneliness among runaway girls in the experimental group. Teaching of psycho-social training special for runaway girls can improve social intimacy and decrease loneliness in them (p<0/001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Analysis of Obstacles of Developing Productivity in Main Department of Islamic republic of Iran rail road wagons based on productivity indicators and presenting an effective procedure for its promotion
Vahid Baradaran Mozafar Barad Mahya MohammadiConsidering the different aspects of productivity which includesobserving correct principles and procedures of doing the job well(efficiency) and doing the appropriate work (impressiveness). Perhaps itis not possible to identify any scale or maximum to achieve productiv MoreConsidering the different aspects of productivity which includesobserving correct principles and procedures of doing the job well(efficiency) and doing the appropriate work (impressiveness). Perhaps itis not possible to identify any scale or maximum to achieve productivity,but the important thing is reaching optimization in executing theorganization affirs and duties. The main question is what are the mostimportant procedures to lead to the productivity in freight wagonsdepartment of railways of Islamic Republic of Iran? To achieve theappropriate response, manpower productivity indicators, capital, energyand all other items were defined, measured and analyzed to specify thatthe amount of these indicators in comparison with 2005 have beenincreased in 2005. To identify the productivity obstacles, a questionnairewas used. The results showed that lack of appropriate organizationalclimate for attraction foreign investment, lack of financial and creditresources for executing the projerct, ambiguous goals and long termprograming, amortized andworn- out machineries and repairingequipments, the existances of law and order are some of the mostimportant obstacles that productivity in freight wagons department ofrailways in Islamic republic of Iran have to deal with .at the end someprocedures have been recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Evaluation of Functional Efficiency of Space in Architecture of Two-Sided Houses Built in the First Pahlavi of Shiraz(Case Study: Razmjoo and Mostaghni Houses)
Fatemeh Kakaei Tahereh Nasr Hadi Keshmiri Hamed MoztarzadehSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate func MoreSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Environmental Planning for Blown Sand Mitigation along Sistan and Baluchestan Railway tracks and Stations
Yahya Sohrabi Ahmad NohegarThe aim of this study was to design an environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations among three-step approach. To begin, interviews were conducted with 16 university experts, managers and senior experts of MoreThe aim of this study was to design an environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations among three-step approach. To begin, interviews were conducted with 16 university experts, managers and senior experts of railway facilities and environmental organization about blown sand mitigation in Iran. The data were coded and 77 components were identified in the form of 21 categories. Then the research model was designed and the hypotheses were identified based on the grounded theory (GT). Secondly, structural equation modeling (SEM) using Amos software was performed to fit the model. Next, interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was applied in order to prioritize, communicate and sequence between the components. The priorities of the influential components of the environmental planning model for blown sand mitigation in Sistan and Baluchestan railway tracks and stations were classified into six levels based on the expert opinions. Among them, two indicators of identification the existing conditions and the requirements for blown sand mitigation in railway tracks and stations and the goal setting for them based on their existential mission were proposed as the most effective levels. Finally, removing legal obstacles and formulating policies compatible with the environment and considering the long-term, medium-term and short-term planning of stabilization of blown sands based on executive power in order to determine applicable goals in policy priorities were proposed as solutions for controlling blown sand hazards along the Sistan and Baluchestan railway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The role of the range of movements "rock fall" in the Hazards rail (rail axis Zahedan-Kerman).
مریم نعمتی مریم نعمتی مصطفی خبازی مصطفی خبازی علیاصغر عبداللهی علیاصغر عبداللهی علی قضات علی قضاتRailway axes cross various shapes and geoforms on their trajectories, some of which are natural environments which can present risks for railway lines. Falling rocks are among the dangers that still threaten the country's railway fleet and cause damage every year. In th MoreRailway axes cross various shapes and geoforms on their trajectories, some of which are natural environments which can present risks for railway lines. Falling rocks are among the dangers that still threaten the country's railway fleet and cause damage every year. In this study, we first tried to map the risk assessment of rockfall in the Zahedan-Kerman railway (Nosrat Abad region) using geological, soil, vegetation, fault distance, channel distance, temperature, precipitation, slope and Prepared for the gradient, then the density of the OLI and Google Earth satellite images and the fracture densities in the study area were extracted using software ENVI 5.3, GEOMATICA and ARC GIS. The results of this study showed that the highest density of lineaments corresponds to the map of the zoning of the rockfall, in particular at 15 km in the median axis of the Nusratabad railway line. On the other hand, in the field surveys carried out with the workshop experts, the workshop manager and the technical director of the Sistan Train and the Baluchestan province, 4 stations were identified likely to fall in the mountainous area , of which 3 more likely The release phenomenon was selected, the last environmental examination as well as quantitative calculations on the triple stations showed that the mass of the second station with 521136/864 m3 was the most sensitive bulk volume and station 2 with 779278/883 m3 was the second largest base. And finally, the third row belongs to the last station with 898599/774 cubic meters of volume of eastern falling mass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Investigation on Chemical Constituents of Essential oils from Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch from two local by Distillation methods
کامکار Jaimand mb Rezaee معصومه MazandraniThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation a MoreThe compostion of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch were collected during the flowering priod from 15 km away from Esfhan on alt. 1650 m. in July 2003. The essential oils were obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower were 0/17% and 0.25% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents determined by hydrodistillation method in flower were p–cymene (33.3%), terpinolene (11.2%) and a-thujene (10.9%) and by steam distillation method in flower were p – cymene (22.1%), germacrene B (11%) and terpinolene (9.8%), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Post Utilization Evaluation of Urban Hangouts to Analyze Its Effects on Vivacity Development (A Case Study of Urban Hangout in Natural Historic Pathway of Isfahan)
Tayebeh Farsi Shahriar Nasekhian Ahmad ShahivandiIf we assume the city as a living organism, it needs vitality to survive. Today, the provision of urban vitality is one of the main concerns of urban management, especially in the developed countries. Urban space is an important factor to promote vitality in cities, but MoreIf we assume the city as a living organism, it needs vitality to survive. Today, the provision of urban vitality is one of the main concerns of urban management, especially in the developed countries. Urban space is an important factor to promote vitality in cities, but the role of urban space in our country is declining day by day. One of the urban spaces is hangout. Urban hangouts are spaces for social interaction, usage of urban landscape, resuscitation collective memories and creating a sense of attachment to urban space by citizens. In this study, it was tried to investigate the effectiveness of urban hangouts as behavioral camp to promote urban public spaces vitality. The case study was Niasarm in Isfahan which is introduced as an urban hangout. The method of research was descriptive-analytical. The independent variable was urban hangout and the dependent variable was vitality. The hypothesis of the research was examined using the P.O.E method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The Influence of Urban Identity on Historical Pathways with a Pedestrian-Oriented Approach (A Case Study of Atabakan Alley)
alireza abdolahzade ALI shakoor zahra mohammadiUnderstanding the identity, the quality of urban areas and sense of belonging to an environment, are all achieved through walking in the environment. Therefore, identity admission creates the urban identity and improves the identity of inhabitants through making a commo MoreUnderstanding the identity, the quality of urban areas and sense of belonging to an environment, are all achieved through walking in the environment. Therefore, identity admission creates the urban identity and improves the identity of inhabitants through making a common point among different groups and generations. Historical context in cities is one of the elements related to identity which requires intervention and adjustment based on the environmental and human conditions. As a result, pedestrian orientation can be considered as an intervention procedure in citied to improve place identity. Therefore, the present study includes field studies and descriptive method based on the existing patterns and evidences and investigates the effect of urban identity on historical pathways, with a pedestrian-oriented approach in Atabakan alley, Shiraz, Iran. A questionnaire was prepared and then was completed by 147 citizens. Cronbach’s alpha for the reliability test was estimated to be 92.9% and the SPSS software was used to statistically analyze the data. In the analytical part, Pearson correlation coefficient test, simple linear regression, Variance analysis and factor analysis were used. According to the obtained data, Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.776 and the P-value was below 0.05, i.e. there was a significant relationship between the criteria of urban identity and pedestrian orientation expansion. Based on the analysis of variance, with P-value of 0.000, it was found that three variables of pedestrian orientation, urban identity and historical context have significant relationship with each other and according to simple linear regression test, the pedestrian orientation criteria, has the largest effect (38.7%), and then comes the other criteria of convenience, flexibility, and relation, respectively having 8.2%, 3.1%, and 2.6% influence on urban identity variable in historical context. It can be inferred that in the factor analysis test with a P-value of 0.000 there was a significant mutual effect between the three variables of urban identity, pedestrian orientation and the passengers’ willingness. According to variance analysis, the passengers’ willingness was more effective than pedestrian orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Redefining the Identity of Urban Communal Spaces in Ahwaz Railway District
Sajad Memardezfouli Mohsen Taban Mostafa Masoudinezhad Mohamad Ebrahim MazharyIn today's context, the issue of identity in urban public places remains a significant concern for mankind. The spiritual aspirations of individuals and their reflection in the design of public buildings are pivotal for identifying these spaces. Therefore, designers can MoreIn today's context, the issue of identity in urban public places remains a significant concern for mankind. The spiritual aspirations of individuals and their reflection in the design of public buildings are pivotal for identifying these spaces. Therefore, designers can contribute to the restoration of citizens' collective identity by emphasizing physical and functional quality, aiming to increase social interactions and facilitate cultural and social events in public spaces. This article employs a combined method, integrating a descriptive approach to explain the key quality criteria of urban collective spaces and a survey method to determine the relationship between variables and the intensity of their impact. Seven key criteria emerge as crucial for shaping, validating, and recognizing the identity of a place from the audience's perspective within collective spaces. To expound on these criteria, a total of 31 sub-criteria and 34 criteria are considered, analyzing the impact of various variables in relation to the study's scope. Ultimately, by discerning the effects of these factors on enhancing the identity of collective spaces, the article provides insights into the intensity of each variable's impact and a metric for measuring the improvement of urban collective spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Assessing the implementation the functional Principles of Transit Oriented Development in the Shahrak-E Ekbatan Complex Station
Reyhaneh Asadi Reyhaneh AsadiToday Transportation is known as a one of the most important elements of urban development structur. Public Transportation, according to its more extensive functional capacity, can play a role in a wider scale. Transit Oriented Development with a focus on subway is one MoreToday Transportation is known as a one of the most important elements of urban development structur. Public Transportation, according to its more extensive functional capacity, can play a role in a wider scale. Transit Oriented Development with a focus on subway is one of the special approaches in this field. Recently, Tehran Public Transport Fleet has been significantly improved especially in the field of subway and BRT. Although Tehran has the potential, not only it could not benefited from the advantages of this development, but also has imposed many social and traffic problems of around of stationary complex. These are because of lack of implementation principle of TOD and the proper functioning of them. Shahrak-E Ekbatan complex is a Newly established which located on Tehran subway line 4. Since construction of the station in the standard form requires certain predetermined principles, Shahrak-E Ekbatan Complex Station with its special location in Public Transportation System is expected that it plays role in implementation these principles to achieve an efficient station complex. TOD is a novelty and different approach of traditional theory, with considering four main principles which is consisted of (1) Intensive development, (2) mixed land uses, (3) pedestrian-oriented, (4) Transportation facilities. TOD tries to solve the problems which are occurred due to inattention to the four foregoing principles. In this study, the functional principles of Transit Oriented Development in the Shahrak-E Ekbatan Complex Station are assessed with use of library and archives of the context the Field oriented descriptive and AHP. Consequently achievement to TOD goals and effective utilization of the complex station are restricted. As a main result the Shahrak-E Ekbatan Complex Station with the implementation rate of three forth of the functional principles is in desirable condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Response surface methodology analysis of the photocatalytic removal of Methylene Blue using a new Cu(II)-MOF
Zahra Mohseni nik Majid Ramezani Saeed Jamehbozorgi Tahere Momeni EsfahaniA novel metal–organic framework (MOF), with the formula [Cu(II)L]n (L= 4, 4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone), has been synthesized conventionally and hydrothermally methods and characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, EDX, and SEM techniques. The results MOFs were applied for photodegra MoreA novel metal–organic framework (MOF), with the formula [Cu(II)L]n (L= 4, 4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone), has been synthesized conventionally and hydrothermally methods and characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, EDX, and SEM techniques. The results MOFs were applied for photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB). The influence of affecting variables, such as initial MB dye concentration (2–8mg L−1), Cu(II)-MOF mass (0.01–0.03 mg), pH (3.0–9.0), and time of irradiation (30–90 min). The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was investigated by the central composite design (CCD) methodology. The results of CCD analysis for optimum values of variables revealed that Cu(II)-MOF mass was 0.025g, the initial concentration of MB was 3.51 mg L−1, pH was 4.50 and irradiation time was 75 min.Under the optimum conditions, the photocatalytic MB degradation percentage at the desirability function value of 1.0 was found to be 70%. In addition, the obtained R2 value of 0.97 in the regression analysis showed a high photocatalytic efficiency of the proposed method for MB degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Photodegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by a new Cu(II)-MOF based on diamino diphenyl sulfone ligand through response surface methodology (RSM)
Zahra Moseni nik Saeed Jamehbozorgi Majid Ramezani Tahere Momeni Esfahani -
Open Access Article
125 - Photo Degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by a new Cu(II)-MOF based on diaminodiphenyl sulfone ligand through response surface methodology (RSM)
Zahra Moseni nik Saeed Jamehbozorgi Majid Ramezani Tahere Momeni Esfahani -
Open Access Article
126 - Social order and security during the Al-Buwayh era based on efficient corps
jamileh mirzakhani hoseyn khosravi Sohrab EslamiThe IRGC was important to the Sultan of the Buyids because of its militaristic nature and for maintaining its occupation and fighting the claimants of the government. Therefore, recognizing the position, role and function of the IRGC in the Buwayhid era is a matter of r MoreThe IRGC was important to the Sultan of the Buyids because of its militaristic nature and for maintaining its occupation and fighting the claimants of the government. Therefore, recognizing the position, role and function of the IRGC in the Buwayhid era is a matter of recognizing the structure of government and, consequently, the order and security of the society of the Buwayhid era. In this regard, the central question of the present study is what was the military strategy of the IRGC in the era of Al-Buwayh and what were its characteristics? The hypothesis is that the composition and military strategy of this period consisted of heterogeneous parts: this strategy, as long as powerful rulers were in power, led to the order and security of the country, and with the beginning of the weakness of the rulers, a wave of insecurity began. Learned. In the present article, an attempt is made to explain the role of the IRGC in the process of social order and security during the rule of Al-Buwayh by a descriptive-analytical method with a historical approach and relying on library studies.Keywords: Al-Buwayh, Social Order and Security, Buoy Corps, Military Strategy, War Techniques Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Introduction to the development of water structures and the use of waterways in the Achaemenid civilization
Eskandar Mombeini Shokooh Sadat Arabi Hashemi Ahmad KamranifarIranians in the Achaemenid period with the conquest of the Babylonian and Lady empires and access to one of the most important economic regions of the ancient world, Mesopotamia and the eastern shores of the Mediterranean and Egypt, inherited a thousand years of maritim MoreIranians in the Achaemenid period with the conquest of the Babylonian and Lady empires and access to one of the most important economic regions of the ancient world, Mesopotamia and the eastern shores of the Mediterranean and Egypt, inherited a thousand years of maritime experience of different ethnic groups in these areas and to strengthen this heritage. Precious took effective steps; Most of these measures were taken to facilitate maritime trade and the use of sea routes. Sending a naval exploration team to the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea, began digging the Suez Canal in 497 BC. The connection of the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea through the construction of a large waterway in Egypt and the construction of ports and the formation of a large fleet of warships and support ships is part of the extensive commercial, economic and military actions and program of the Achaemenids, especially Darius I and shows that the Achaemenids They are aware of the strategic importance of water areas and their military and economic role in these areas. The main purpose of this article is to examine the position of these areas from a military and economic perspective and its effect on the short-term and long-term policies of the Achaemenid government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio,political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period
parvin masoompoor askari iraj jalaliThe present article attempts to review the role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio-political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. The research method in this study is historical and data analysis method is accomplished through descriptive-analyti MoreThe present article attempts to review the role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio-political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. The research method in this study is historical and data analysis method is accomplished through descriptive-analytical method.The results of this study indicated that Shiite religion, with a holistic comprehensive role that involve all aspects of socio-political identity of Iranian women, is determinant in the two periods of Al-Buwayh. During the Al-Buwayh period, regarding political aspect, Shiite political ideas penetrated in the thoughts of Iranian women, including the idea of combining Iranian-Islamic models with Shiite tendencies, the authority of Shiite jurists, and the thought of the Absent Imam. During this period, following the emergence of the Alawites Niqab institution, Iranian women for the first time were persuaded toward religious pilgrimage and holy visits to sanctuaries and holy shrines., etc. In the social aspect, Shiite customs and religious rituals such as Eid Ghadir, Mid-Sha'ban, mourning for Muharram and Ashura, the religious custom of walking to Karbala, the custom of saying Hay Ala Khair al-Amal on Ashura day, On the day of Ashura, the pilgrimage to the holy shrines of Imams is one of the examples of the role of Shiite religion in the formation of social identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - A study of the social situation in the western regions of Iran during the reign of Al-Buwayh
sara nazparvar mohammad sepehri Alireza vaseiThe Buyids, a dynasty of Iranians and Shiites, were attributed to Abu Shuja, who ruled over large parts of Iraq (Ajam and Arab), the island, the Levant, and various parts of Iran, including the mountains, between 322-488 AH. Iran and especially its west has long been th MoreThe Buyids, a dynasty of Iranians and Shiites, were attributed to Abu Shuja, who ruled over large parts of Iraq (Ajam and Arab), the island, the Levant, and various parts of Iran, including the mountains, between 322-488 AH. Iran and especially its west has long been the source of important changes in the history of Iran in terms of geographical and historical location. This region was especially prominent in the field of political, cultural and social developments in the fourth century AH during the rule of a branch of Al-Buwayh. The central question of the present study is what was the social situation of Iran during the rule of Al-Buwayh? The hypothesis is that in the shadow of the relative calm provided by the Buwayhid government, the groundwork was laid for social prosperity. However, social inequalities still prevailed in the region. According to the findings of this research, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies, this region actually contains a kind of set of contradictions or even a historical paradox within itself. Because despite the fact that this region is not very politically stable in this century, the ancient traditions of Iranian history have been socially established in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Demand for Away from Home Food in Iranian Households: An Application of Box-Cox Double Hurdle Model
hasan farazmand hamidreza hallafiAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economi MoreAbstract Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economic and demographic reasons affecting the probable participation and amount of consumption of food away from home has been identified and then the elasticities related to the probable participation and conditional and unconditional consumptions been calculated. The elasticities resulting from estimating the maximum likelihood function of the research under the study indicates that the results of the explanatory factors on the probable participation and the expenses pertaining to the food away from home are sometimes favorable and sometimes contradictory and contrastive. The families themselves and their educational level respectively have a negative and positive favorable effect on the consumption of food away from home. The average age factor of the household has negative elasticity on the probable participation and positive elasticity on costs. So, it has a contrasting effect on the consumption of food away from home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Study and evaluation of roadside and midway tourist attraction potentials (Case study: South Khorasan)
Rostam SaberifarAccording to tourism department officials of South Khorasan, more that 12 million travelers pass across the province toward south or north regions of the country, while the province itself enjoys very little or nothing of this great potential. For this purpose, descript MoreAccording to tourism department officials of South Khorasan, more that 12 million travelers pass across the province toward south or north regions of the country, while the province itself enjoys very little or nothing of this great potential. For this purpose, descriptive and analytical research method is employed and with sample size of about 300 people, and the designed questionnaires were completed by them. The data that are collected by researcher’s-made questionnaire are analyzed using SPSS data analyzer softwares and SWOT analyzing tool. The results shows that in total, 15 factors are considered as strengths factors of the province, of which the highest point is given to transit capability, i.e. the existence of the west country transit route as the most important transportation path for good and passengers. The lowest point on the other hand is given to associative and people’s contribution in tourism activities of the region. These factors gain a score of 3.93 in total, where developing tourism facilities gain the highest score of 0.60 among them. Upon given information, it is clear that the difference is higher than 2.5, there it can be concluded that the province conditions to deal with sightseeing activities is highly favorable. On this basis, it can be said that the general condition is in favor of external factors, and considering environmental and social constraints of the province, the situation gives hope for more assistance of the government to this province to help it gain advantage of its capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Historical and Cultural Semantic Approaches to the Qur'anic Term of "Sabīl"
Ahmad Pakatchi Muhammad Hassan Shirzad Muhammad Husein ShirzadAccording to Qur'anic verses, "Sabīl" is considered as the most frequent term conveying "Path" or "Way" in the context of revelation. Due to different usages in the wide range of textual contexts, the term "Sabīl" has attracted the attention of Muslim lexicographers and MoreAccording to Qur'anic verses, "Sabīl" is considered as the most frequent term conveying "Path" or "Way" in the context of revelation. Due to different usages in the wide range of textual contexts, the term "Sabīl" has attracted the attention of Muslim lexicographers and exegetes. That's why the specialists in "al-Wujūh wa al-Naẓā'ir" have mentioned 14 meanings for "Sabīl" in the Holy Qur'an. However, Muslim scholars have had not any information about the process of meaning-formation of "Sabīl", its semantic components and the features of this type of way in the context of revelation. Applying historical and cultural semantic approaches, this study attempts to explain the accurate meaning of "Sabīl" at the time of revelation. According to this study, the homonymous root "SBL" has two different origins: on the one hand, the root is formed by adding the performative /S/ to the stem "BL", and on the other hand, it is formed by adding the affirmative /L/ to the stem "SB". Moreover, the present research proves that the term "Sabīl" had a couple of unique features in Qur'anic Arabic: (1) Private roads that were not definite, transparent and visible. (2) Roads which could not be passed through on without experienced guides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The development of The Qur’anic idea “al-Shahid” from Court Witness to the Martyr: Quranic background for the formation of the concept
Ashraf Montazeri Hamed Khani (Farhang Mehrvash)The formation of Islam, like all other great and historic movements, was owed to many sacrifices. Thus, from its earliest days, selfless death was considered an important value for the advancement of the sacred ideal. The metaphor of "death in the way of God" was used i MoreThe formation of Islam, like all other great and historic movements, was owed to many sacrifices. Thus, from its earliest days, selfless death was considered an important value for the advancement of the sacred ideal. The metaphor of "death in the way of God" was used in the Qur'an to refer to this death; A Metaphor that lost its widespread use to indicate this meaning in favor of another meaning, and from the distant past whose exact time we do not yet know, the term of "martyrdom or Shahadah" took its place; The term in the post-Qur'anic Arabic language means to testify in court cases, and most of its Qur'anic uses are translated in the same sense. It is not easy to see the similarities between self-sacrificing death and the testifying which caused the use of this metaphor, we also do not know the period in which such replacement took place, and the steps that led to the application of such a term for sacred death. Searching for the applications of the interpretation of the martyr and his family in the Qur'an from a critical point of view and understanding the meaning of the Qur'anic “Shahadah” to analyze the causes and elements and grounds for establishing the mentioned replacement is the subject of this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Ibn Bābiwayh’s Works Regarding Hazrat-e Zahra
seyyed mohsen musaviShiite writings about the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) have been formed since the presence of the Imams. It is imperative to review the lists, recognize the writings attributed to the scientists, and trace, revive, and reconstruct them in the contemporary era. Meanwhile, the specia MoreShiite writings about the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) have been formed since the presence of the Imams. It is imperative to review the lists, recognize the writings attributed to the scientists, and trace, revive, and reconstruct them in the contemporary era. Meanwhile, the special attitude of Shiites towards Hazrat Fatima (PBUH), the belief in her infallibility and her high spiritual position, and the authenticity of her speeches, like Hadith, have always been ridiculed by the opposition since the beginning of Islam. Such extensive works have led to the creation of a lot of works about Hazrat Zahra (PBUH). Among the authors of the works about her is Abu Ja'far Muhammad Ibn Bābiwayh Qumi, who has written four independent works about Hazrat Fatima (PBUH). In this study, we will try to identify in a descriptive-analytical methods, his writings and the evidence for paying attention to them in Shiite culture. The aim of this study is to summarize the evidence of the origin of these works and to collect the remaining parts of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Defending the Attributing the Book “Taṣḥīḥ al-I’tiqādāt” to Sheikh Mufīd
Amidreza AkbariIt has long been common to describe and critique the works of scholars of different sects, especially in theological subjects. However, some of these books have been lost or have not received much attention throughout the history of Islam. Sheikh Mufīd's book, “Ta MoreIt has long been common to describe and critique the works of scholars of different sects, especially in theological subjects. However, some of these books have been lost or have not received much attention throughout the history of Islam. Sheikh Mufīd's book, “Taṣḥīḥ al-I’tiqādāt”, which is a commentary on Ibn Bābiwayh’s al-I’tiqādāt, was less considered in the Middle Ages, and this, along with some of the opinions contained in this book, has caused some contemporaries to doubt the authenticity of the book and even make it unoriginal and faked which was made in the late period. In this study, by criticizing the documents of the deniers of the authenticity of the work, we have sought evidence that confirms the attribution of the book to Sheikh Mufīd. Among them, Ibn Shahr-e-Āshūb's repeated reports of a version of the Sheikh Mufīd's work; A version whose contents are mentioned as a commentary on Ibn Bābiwayh’s al-I’tiqādāt. Also evidence confirms that the book entitled Jawābāt Abi Ja’far al-Qumī wa al-Ra'd ‘alā Ibn Bābiwayh, which is mentioned by Najashi and Ibn Shahr Ash'ub, among the works of Sheikh Mufīd, is probably this book. This book is highly consistent with the works of Sheikh Mufīd in terms of sources, principles and literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Hadis Centrality in Ahvaz and its position in Holism of Jafari Jurisprudence In the second and third centuries
mehdi nedaei Mohammad Reza HedayatpanahAhvaz region has had its period of scientific flourishing in the second and third centuries AH and recorded as the Central of Hadis competence.Muhaddiths like Faddala b. Ayyub, Hassan Ibn Saeed and Hussein Ibn Saeed Hamad Ahwazi, Ali ibn Mahziar Ahvazi, and Hazini Ahvaz MoreAhvaz region has had its period of scientific flourishing in the second and third centuries AH and recorded as the Central of Hadis competence.Muhaddiths like Faddala b. Ayyub, Hassan Ibn Saeed and Hussein Ibn Saeed Hamad Ahwazi, Ali ibn Mahziar Ahvazi, and Hazini Ahvazi are among the scholars who, apart from their roles as representatives of a'imma, had effective bearings in significant Shi'i scientific schools ( Hawza'Ilmiyya), and some of them such as Hammad brothers Ahvazi had defining roles in revolution in holism of Shii Fiqh by compiling thirty-way Fiqhi books about topics from purification to blood money. As long as, their holism on Hadis was determined as criteria for other Shii Muhaddith and Mujtahids.This hadith center has been neglected in Shiite history books. This paper aims to examine Hawza Ilmiyya ( Scientific religious school) in Ahvaz as a Shii Hadis center And express its role in Holism of Jafari Jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Historical Analysis of the Meaning of the Word "Ḥubuk" (حُبُک) in the Verse «وَ السَّماءِ ذاتِ الحُبُک» in Interpretations and Persian and Latin Translations
mohammadali hemati vafadar keshavarzi Abdollrasol hadiyan shirazi mehdi abdollahipour The difference of philologists in the meaning of the root "ḥ b k"(ح ب ک) has also been extended to the difference of commentators about derivatives of this root, including the word ḥubuk (حُبُک) in verse 7 of Surah Dhārīyāt. Philologists have define More The difference of philologists in the meaning of the root "ḥ b k"(ح ب ک) has also been extended to the difference of commentators about derivatives of this root, including the word ḥubuk (حُبُک) in verse 7 of Surah Dhārīyāt. Philologists have defined this root as cutting the flesh to the bone, fasten and strengthening, and moderation, establishment and good skill in something. But the historical course of the interpretation of the verse 7 of Surah Dhārīyāt shows that the commentators have given twelve interpretations of the word ḥubuk, which are: 1. Good creation; 2. Beauty and excellence; 3. Ornament; 4. Stars; 5. Strong foundation; 6. Strength; 7. The seventh heaven; 8. ways; 9. Crease in things 10. Ali bin Abi Talib (as); 11. Curly hair; 12. Wideness. There are many narratives in this field, which mostly have weak chain of documents. In addition, the difference of commentators has also affected the Persian and Latin translations of this word and has caused different translations. This research was done with the library method and the new semantics approach (use of substitution relations) to reach the correct meaning and finally accepted the meaning of the stars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Investigation of the Effect of Trigonometric Rotation of the Column on Punching Shear Capacity in Two-Way Hollow Slabs Using Finite Element Metho
hadi azizian mohammad ali lotfollahi yaghin Alaaddin behraveshConsidering that the execution of column in two-way hollow slabs has some limitations especially in terms of architecture, so in some executions, the column has to be rotated, which will change the spherical balls spacing of the column edge and change the punching shear MoreConsidering that the execution of column in two-way hollow slabs has some limitations especially in terms of architecture, so in some executions, the column has to be rotated, which will change the spherical balls spacing of the column edge and change the punching shear capacity. In this field of study, no laboratory research and numerical analysis have been performed so far. In the present research , after calibration of ABAQUS finite element software to experimental results, the effect of square column rotation with different spherical balls spacing from column edge, on punching shear capacity and failure mechanism (areas prone to damage) in two-way hollow slab is investigated.The results present that by increasing the spacing of spherical balls from columnedge to (S ≥d) at different angles of rotation, the punching capacity increases and then stabilizes. Under conditions where the spherical balls' distance from the edge of the column is less than (d), the punching shear capacity is reduced by increasing the angle of rotation of the column. This is due to the presence of a damage-prone area at a distance less than (d). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Dynamic Analysis of Improved High-Rise Railway Embankments by Micropiles
hamed ostovar mohammadreza motahhariOne of the most important issues in the management of railways maintenance is the stabilization of the bed and railroad tracks under the influence of environmental loads. This issue is of particular importance, especially in tall embankments, based on loose platforms wi MoreOne of the most important issues in the management of railways maintenance is the stabilization of the bed and railroad tracks under the influence of environmental loads. This issue is of particular importance, especially in tall embankments, based on loose platforms with little or no bearing capacity. Among the existing methods to improve the embankment and the bedding in the railway lines, installation of micropiles for fixing the embankment and the bed, which does not block the line and stop the traffic, is preferable. In the present paper, a parametric study was carried out; using ABAQUS, for high rise embankment improved by micropiles with different patterns, operational loads, railroad traffic and severe earthquakes, using the LM71 loading standard. The results indicate that the factors affecting the pattern of the microplots generally include the distribution of loads, shear parameters and bearing capacity, depth of the micropiles and geometric characteristics of the embankment. It should be noted that the optimum arrangement of micropiles for improvement, is the length between the toe and 0.25 to 0.5 percent of the slope length, which reduces the maintenance and handling cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - A study of antimicrobial effects of alcoholic extract and essential oil of caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss) on selected species of bacteria and molds in lactic cheese
Mohammad reza Ali mohammad zadeh Mohammad ali Ali doust Jalil KhandaghiThe detrimental effects of chemical preservatives and the tendency of consumers to use foods without preservatives or with natural preservatives have increased the use of natural antimicrobial compounds, including plant essential oils and extracts in food industries. Co MoreThe detrimental effects of chemical preservatives and the tendency of consumers to use foods without preservatives or with natural preservatives have increased the use of natural antimicrobial compounds, including plant essential oils and extracts in food industries. Considering the numerous antimicrobial properties of Caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss) and the assumption that its use in lactic cheese increases the shelf life of a product with an acceptable aroma and flavor, in this study the effects of essential oil and alcoholic extract of Caraway on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger as well as total counts of mold and yeast were evaluated. Also, its effect on total counts of LABs and sensory properties of cheese was studied. Results showed that this plant was able to delay microbial growth. Caraway showed a more inhibitory effect on the studied microbes in lactic cheese and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was higher than the extract so that at the end of storage samples containing 1% essential oil had the lowest count of the target microbes. Comparison of the effect of essential oil and extract on the growth of the studied microbes showed that the Caraway had more effect on the growth control of Aspergillus flavus and Escherichia coli O157in lactic cheese. In the case of lactic acid bacteria, as the shelf life increased, the number of bacteria decreased in the cheese, and decreasing was greater in the control samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - مطالعه محاسباتی اثر مهاری برگ Gongronema latifolium (benth) روی آنزیم فارنسیل پیروفسفات سنتاز، (آنزیم هدف در درمان پوکی استخوان) با رویکرد مدلسازی مولکولی
ساموئل اولوبود بانکول موتولیب پرسوس آکینوسی واسیو سالودین کهینده اوجوبولا اولاینکا آدانلاوو ابیگیل آیودل آدفونکه اوگونلاد عبداللهی آدرمیBackground & Aim: Osteoporosis is an increasing medical threat which is referred to as a systemic skeletal disorder that is characterized mainly by low bone mass and microarchitectural wear of bone tissue and strength, which eventually results in an increase in the MoreBackground & Aim: Osteoporosis is an increasing medical threat which is referred to as a systemic skeletal disorder that is characterized mainly by low bone mass and microarchitectural wear of bone tissue and strength, which eventually results in an increase in the fragility of bone and makes bone to be susceptible to fracture. Osteoporosis is known globally as a severe health problem affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. Therefore, a pharmacological solution is urgently needed. Studies have shown that farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase is a crucial enzyme in the mevalonate pathway that causes bone resorption, thus serving as a key pharmacological target.Experimental: Gongronema latifolium’s (Benth) phytoconstituents were screened against the mevalonate pathway enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase computationally using molecular docking, pharmacokinetics screening and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area approach to identify compounds with the better inhibitorypotentials against this target in this study.Results: The study resulted that five compounds; hyperoside, rutin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, kaempferol-3-arabinoside, and isoquercetin show a better inhibitory potential by binding to the active site of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase compared with a co-crystalized ligand. These hit compounds were further subjected to pharmacokinetics studies to predict their drug-likeness and toxicity characteristics which show that all hit compounds except Rutin are drug-like leaving Kaempferol-3-Arabinoside as the most drug-like hit compound compared to the co-crystallized ligand.Recommended applications/industries: This study suggests that G. latifolium leaf could be a good plant source for a drug-like compound that may treat osteoporosis by inhibiting the farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, in the mevalonate pathway, thereby stopping bone resorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - کاربرد الیسیتورها برای افزایش تولید متابولیت های ثانویه در سوسپانسیونهای کشت سلول و اندام گیاهی
مریم محمدی فارسانی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیدر زیست فناوری همواره به بررسی مسیرهای جایگزین برای تولید ترکیبات طبیعی توجه میشود. سیستمهای کشت سلول و اندام گیاهی برای تولید متابولیت های ثانویه ای که اهمیت تجاری در صنایع غذایی و دارویی دارند قابل جایگزینی میباشند. با این حال، تقریباً تعداد کمی از محیطهای کشت این Moreدر زیست فناوری همواره به بررسی مسیرهای جایگزین برای تولید ترکیبات طبیعی توجه میشود. سیستمهای کشت سلول و اندام گیاهی برای تولید متابولیت های ثانویه ای که اهمیت تجاری در صنایع غذایی و دارویی دارند قابل جایگزینی میباشند. با این حال، تقریباً تعداد کمی از محیطهای کشت این ترکیبات را سنتز میکنند و میزان این سنتز و مدت زمانی که صرف میکند قابل مقایسه با استفاده از یک گیاه کامل میباشد. روشهایی شامل تغییر محیط کشت (افزودن مواد مغذی و هورمونی) و شرایط محیطی (تغییرات دما، pH و اسمزی) و همین طور از مواد استخراجی و ترکیبی نیز در این راهبردها استفاده می شده است. امروزه از دستکاری ژنتیکی مسیرهای بیوسنتتیک با استفاده از مهندسی متابولیکی که امروزه برای بهبود تولیدات متابولیت های مورد نیاز تکنیکی قدرتمند شده است استفاده میشود. نتایج مطالعات انجام شده نشان میدهد که هم الیسیتورهای زیستی و هم غیر زیستی سنتز متابولیتهای ثانویه را در محیط کشت سلولهای گیاهی افزایش میدهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - ارزیابی کارایی ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی با استفاده از رویکرد DEA
Davoud Haghighi رضا بابازادهنقش ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی به عنوان نقاطی که در آن می توان فرآیندهای ترافیکی را با هم ادغام و از هم جدا کرد از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. فعالیتهای متعددی مانند تشکیل قطار ، کاهش و تعویض ، بررسیهای فنی نیز در این نقاط انجام می شود. با توجه به اهمیت بسیار زیاد استفا Moreنقش ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی به عنوان نقاطی که در آن می توان فرآیندهای ترافیکی را با هم ادغام و از هم جدا کرد از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. فعالیتهای متعددی مانند تشکیل قطار ، کاهش و تعویض ، بررسیهای فنی نیز در این نقاط انجام می شود. با توجه به اهمیت بسیار زیاد استفاده بهینه از زیرساخت های راه آهن و تسهیلات موجودی انبار ، مطالعات کارآیی در این زمینه بیش از هر زمان دیگر یک وظیفه اصلی تلقی می شود. بنابراین ، ما یک روش مبتنی بر تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش داده ها را برای حل این مسئله پیاده سازی می کنیم. از روش پیشنهادی در این تحقیق می توان برای اندازه گیری کارایی ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی و رتبه بندی آنها با استفاده از روش های DEA و Anderson & Peterson استفاده کرد. این روش می تواند برای تجزیه و تحلیل "کارایی فنی" ایستگاه های حمل و نقل ریلی برای مدیریت ایستگاه های قطار با توجه به ظرفیت ایستگاه فعلی استفاده شود. ما این مدل را در یک مطالعه موردی از 12 ایستگاه قطار پرتردد در راه آهن اصفهان برای اندازه گیری و رتبه بندی کارایی آنها و ارزیابی تأثیر نوع ترافیک بر نتایج با استفاده از رگرسیون قوی استفاده کردیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Signaling Roadmap Modulating Chicken Primordial Germ Cells Proliferation and Self-Renewal
M. Zare S.Z. Mirhoseini S.N. Hassani S. Ghovvati -
Open Access Article
145 - Investigation of the Functional Proteins Related to Fertility in Cattle’s Endometrium by Protein-Protein Interactions Networks
F. Bahri Binabaj S.H. Farhangfar E. Behdani -
Open Access Article
146 - Evaluation of mixing air with the water flow in different step of skimming flow on stepped spillway by FLUENT model and a physical model
Meisam Sadrianzade Mohammad Mahmoudian Shoushtari Ahmad FAthi Hossein EslamiIn this paper, physical model of a stepped spillway flow with skimming software,simulated by Fluent and Gambit software.In this simulation, the k- ε model in RNG, Mixture, and Enhanced wall treatment are applied to respectively model the turbulence , the multiph MoreIn this paper, physical model of a stepped spillway flow with skimming software,simulated by Fluent and Gambit software.In this simulation, the k- ε model in RNG, Mixture, and Enhanced wall treatment are applied to respectively model the turbulence , the multiphase flow, and the flow near the walls with attention to the specific hydrodynamic of the flow on the stepped spillways.Also , the PRESTO algoritm and the SIMPLE method are respectively used to dissociate pressur equations and to relate pressure-velocity equations.After calibration of the numerical model with experimental model, assuming an experimental model of precision, a margin of error of 6.6% was obtained for the numerical model. Then, by examining the concentration of dissolved air in the water flow, the result was evaluated for geometry and discharge studied,motion in the direction of the flow mixture concentration in the water increases.After concluding the percentage error of the numerical model, the numerical and graphical results analysis of two-phase flow of water - the air is present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Trapezoidal Weir Guide Vanes Conduct the Discharge Coefficient
Mohammad Montazemian Ebrahim Nohani Mohammad HeydarnejadImportant labyrinth spillway of hydraulic structures to regulate and control the flow of water in canals, rivers and reservoirs dams are considered important. Labyrinth spillway by increasing the length of the spillway crest on the slope in a given headwater they will i MoreImportant labyrinth spillway of hydraulic structures to regulate and control the flow of water in canals, rivers and reservoirs dams are considered important. Labyrinth spillway by increasing the length of the spillway crest on the slope in a given headwater they will increase the current carrying capacity. The main objective of this study is the effect of different screen angle and height of directorial on discharge coefficient on trapezoid labyrinth spillway. For this purpose, after doing dimensional analysis by Buckingham method, the relationship resulted in the discharge coefficient (Cd) function of parameters such as the angle of the blades (θ), blades height (hb) and hydraulic load ratio was to spillway height (H0⁄P). The present research experiments have been done on a flume was of 12m, a width of 30cm and a height of 50cm. the results showed that the rise directorial blade angle for a constant and fixed height (7/5, 15, 22/5) led to the discharge coefficient for all the hydraulic load decreases, the reason for this increase confusion and turbulence in the flow lines over spillway and followed by abnormality in bleeding time is different for hydraulic loads ratio the highest spillway discharge coefficient is an spillway with 30 degree angle blades. The results showed that the increasing discharge coefficient of a spillway control to a spillway was a height of 7/5 and 15cm blade respectively. In other words, the ultimate increase of a discharge Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Study of the Basic Parameters in the Design and Construction of Bridge Overpass in the River
Hamid Pakbaz alireza safaee kochaksaraee mohammadreza HabibiA permanent drainage on the lower reaches of the dam with occasional rainstorms has caused rising water and flooding of the river and always faces the access routes. Over the years, the river has caused flood, traffic obstruction and The river flow has changed. In this MoreA permanent drainage on the lower reaches of the dam with occasional rainstorms has caused rising water and flooding of the river and always faces the access routes. Over the years, the river has caused flood, traffic obstruction and The river flow has changed. In this research, using field and study methods, it has been attempted to examine this issue with a basic approach. The purpose of designing a suitable hydraulic structure and constructing it at the target point is to considerably increase the outcomes of the river flood and the consequences of the flood. Reduced, evaluated. Therefore, considering the sensitivity of the subject in the design of the structure and considering the hydraulic and hydrological parameters, we can conclude that the application of this drainage structure has been able to control the zoning of flood in the area and, in addition, it is a suitable bedding for people and Vehicles in the long run. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Investigation of the Effect of Geometric Parameters on Head of the Morning Glory Spillway
Majid Ehsani ali akbar salehi neyshabouriBased on the water surface elevation, there is three types of flow control: flow control at the spillway crest, flow control at the shaft and flow control at the top of the shaft tunnel. In the following research, Flow3D software used for numerical modeling and the resu MoreBased on the water surface elevation, there is three types of flow control: flow control at the spillway crest, flow control at the shaft and flow control at the top of the shaft tunnel. In the following research, Flow3D software used for numerical modeling and the results were compared with experimental work, and good agreement was observed. Also, discharge - head graph is plotted for morning glory spillway, which shows by increasing the head, control point moves from the crest to the vertical shaft and then to downstream tunnel. In the case of complete submergence, significant changes in the head are observed with a low increase in flow rate. A parametric study has been done on the length of the vertical shaft and elbow radius. the results show the direct effect of these changes on head of the crest morning glory spillway, so that by increasing the length of the shaft, at a specified discharge increase head on crest, also by increasing the radius of the elbow, the head height on the crest reduced after the submergence elbow of morning glory spillway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Experimental Investigation of The Effect of Number and Angle of Anti-Vortex Piers on Submergence Threshold in Square and Circular Morning Glory Spillways
Seyyed Reza Mousavi Adel Barati Amir Abbas KamanbedastMorning glory spillway, is one of the spillways and used when it is not possible to use any other spillways. With the onset of Submergence and flow Loss, and circulation flows intensify, Spillway performance decrease severely and the height of water in the reservoir inc MoreMorning glory spillway, is one of the spillways and used when it is not possible to use any other spillways. With the onset of Submergence and flow Loss, and circulation flows intensify, Spillway performance decrease severely and the height of water in the reservoir increases and Risk of dam damage, caused by the lack of spillway ability of great flow discharge, rises. The increase of the Submergence threshold provide ability of greater flow discharging, without Spillway submergence and its negative consequences. Anti-vortex piers, in addition to correcting circulation and vortexes, may also be effective in increasing the Submergence threshold. To investigate the effect of Anti-vortex piers on submergence threshold, 199 experiments were performed with the physical model on spillways with square and circular inlet section in different modes of number and angle of anti-vortex piers. Results show that in the square spillway, increasing the number (Best mode, 8 piers) or decreasing the angle of Anti-vortex piers (Best mode, 30o), increase the Submergence. In the circular spillway, increasing the number (Best mode, 8 piers) or the angle of Anti-vortex piers (Best mode, 90o), increase the Submergence. At all modes of numbers and angles of piers increasing of submergence threshold in the circular spillway is more than square spillway, But submergence threshold values at all modes in the square spillway is greather. Also, in both spillways the angle of piers more than the number of them affect the submergence threshold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Investigation of water head variation& relation to empirical Coefficient n of Stepped short Shaft Spill way
roozbeh AGHA MAJIDI mohammad nasre. isfahaniThese spillways (Stepped shaft spillways) pass more flow discharges through themselves in comparison to smooth spillways theoretically. Therefore knowing of flow behavior of these Spillways, help using better and more efficiently. Moreover, using vortex breaker has grea MoreThese spillways (Stepped shaft spillways) pass more flow discharges through themselves in comparison to smooth spillways theoretically. Therefore knowing of flow behavior of these Spillways, help using better and more efficiently. Moreover, using vortex breaker has great effect on passing Flow through Shaft Spillway. For using more efficiently, the risk of flow water head on the crest decreases to less than fluid vapor water head on the crest , called cavitation’s, should be prevented as far as possible. At this research, it has been tried to study different behavior of Stepped chamber and different vortex breaker shapes on spillway flow. From the viewpoint of the effects of flow regime changes on spillway, changes of step dimensions, and the change of type of flow range will Studied Effectively. And finally the best the relation between water head on the crest and Discharge Coefficient are determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Ranking of precast concrete railway bridges with water management criteria by TOPSIS method
Hossein Farshad Nader Abdoli Yazdi Ehsanollah EshtehardianWater management in rail transport as one of the important and effective parameters plays a major role in increasing the life span of rail structures and subsequently in the economic, industrial and social fields of countries. In this research, it has been tried accordi MoreWater management in rail transport as one of the important and effective parameters plays a major role in increasing the life span of rail structures and subsequently in the economic, industrial and social fields of countries. In this research, it has been tried according to similar experiences from past studies in this field and gathering the opinions of experts in the country, extensive field studies, the use of inspection checklists, statistical information and with the correct understanding of the failures related to water management in concrete bridges and Finally, with the TOPSIS method, according to water engineering standards in bridge maintenance and repairs, it is possible to rank the prefabricated concrete bridges of the General Directorate of Northern Railways of Iran based on water management standards. The results of this research will help employers and managers in charge to be able to properly manage bridges in water engineering, considering the available capital and limited resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Impact of heavy metal stress on plants and the role of various defense elements
Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah Bisma Malik Sheikh Tanveer Salam Pervaiz Ahmad Dar Seema Rashid -
Open Access Article
154 - The analysis of position of mentioning in Quran and its reflection on Islamic mysticism
taher Khoshhal.Dastjerdi marzeh KazamiTo Mention and remember Allah play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the be MoreTo Mention and remember Allah play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the believers always to remember and mention Him. He also remind them the consequences of disobedience of this order and warn them against it. The position of mentioning Allah in Islamic mysticism were under the influence of Qur'an verses as well as many Hadiths which describes the value of this action. Mystics and great Sufism by understanding the high position and importance of mentioning Allah always in their speeches or in their prose and verses, ask followers to do it. By referring to Qur'an verses, they remind their followers the importance of this worship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Obstacles to perfection and ways to face them, in the logic of Altair Attar
Seyedeh Pargol Shamsi Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Ali FathollahiThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles i MoreThe path to reach Hazrate Haq is a long and winding path. In order to successfully cross this difficult passage, one must know the road obstacles well. The purpose of this research is to investigate the obstacles to human perfection and the way to face these obstacles in the Manteqolteyr of Attarnishabouri. The author has used the descriptive method with the content analysis method for writing and useing the descriptive and rational reasoning method to analyze the information. It is necessary to carry out this research because Attar has used a special method to express the obstacles to perfection and how to deal with them in Manteqolteyr, which is definitely more effective than others. In this research, any factor (from Attar's point of view) that prevents a person from attaining closeness to God is referred to as "obstacle". Based on the results of the study, factors such as: worldliness, egoism, status quo, ignorance, etc. are obstacles to God's approach and human perfection, and the seeker of God must know these obstacles and ways to face them; so that he can achieve true perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Economic and social consequences of the construction of freeways in rural settlements (Case Study: district eastern Miankuh)
M. toulabi nejad A.A. anabestani l. solgiEconomic and social development of rural settlements is absolutely contingent on basic services, especially transport infrastructure and services. Development of rural settlements as well as the development of different economic sectors, social and industry. So in this MoreEconomic and social development of rural settlements is absolutely contingent on basic services, especially transport infrastructure and services. Development of rural settlements as well as the development of different economic sectors, social and industry. So in this article using library and field (questionnaire) to examine the economic and social effects of transport Highways Khorramabad- Paul Zal district in rural areas in the eastern valley has been Poldokhtar city. The construction of the highway from 1384 to over 104 at the junction of two Khorramabad and Andimeshk had begun on 11 Persian dates Aban 1389 and officially came into operation. The statistical population included rural families eastern in Miyankoh (N= 514), 103 households using the Cochrane formula (12 villages) were selected as the sample. For single-sample t-test data analysis, Friedman test, linear regression, and path analysis were used. The results of-of the analysis of the data indicates a freeway positive impact on economic and social indicators in the study area So that increases the income of rural households, Increase household access to markets for agricultural products, The rising cost of agricultural land, Increasing access to health, education, and quality of life in rural areas is studied. Therefore, we can say that one of the most important and best practices for the development of rural settlements, Increased investment in infrastructure and transport in the regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Prioritization and effectiveness of handicrafts in the economic development of rural areas using non-compensatory decision models ( Lksykvgraf )
M.R. naghavi M. poortaheri A. divsalar H. ahmadiRural industries as a way toIn the meantime handicrafts as a second factor of GDP growth ast the most important source of growth and economic development in rural areas is considered make a difference in the rural environment is consideredRural industries as a way to ma MoreRural industries as a way toIn the meantime handicrafts as a second factor of GDP growth ast the most important source of growth and economic development in rural areas is considered make a difference in the rural environment is consideredRural industries as a way to make a difference inIn the meantime handicrafts as a second factor of GDP growth as the most important source of growth and economic development in rural areas is considered the rural environment is consideredIn the meantime handicrafts as a second factor of GDP growth as the most important source of growth and economic development in rural areas is considered..In the meantime handicrafts as a second factor of GDP growth as the most....... important source of growth and economic development in rural areas is consideredAs well as documentary and field data collection through questionnaires and research questions in a Likert scale designed bycollection softwarea (SPSS)..collectionimportant source of grow Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Evaluation of Effective Factors on Strengthening Vitality of Urban Walkways (Case Study: Alam-Al-Hoda Walkway in Rasht)
Maryam Ghorbanpour Nader Zali Mokhtar yourdkhani Seyed Reza AzadehIn recent decades, following the uncontrolled urban expansion and the growing importance of cars, the role of pedestrians in urban areas reduces, this has created dull spaces in cities and reduced the vitality of urban spaces.Therefore the vitality of urban spaces is on MoreIn recent decades, following the uncontrolled urban expansion and the growing importance of cars, the role of pedestrians in urban areas reduces, this has created dull spaces in cities and reduced the vitality of urban spaces.Therefore the vitality of urban spaces is one of the most important concerns of urban planning knowledge. In this study with the purpose of assessing the status of city walkways vitality and with the descriptive-analytical method, Alam-al-Hoda walkway of Rasht is studied. In this regard, the conceptual model of research with four criteria (land use and activity, physical, access and connection and climatic and environmental) and 16 indexes were considered. Then, these criteria were evaluated by questionnaires within the framework of the Likert scale by 380 users of Alam-al-Hoda walkway. In the land use and activity Criterion diversity of people activities in the walkway, in the physical Criterion urban furniture, in the access and connection Criterion movement fluency on the streets around the walkway and in the climatic and environmental Criterion, climatic comfort are gained the lowest average of each criteria. Then, the strategies derived from SWOT were ranked by AHP technique and a survey of 20 experts. The results show that the strategy of "equipping of the space based on climate of Rasht in order to increasing the presence of people in the space" gained the first rank and the strategy of "Increasing connection of the walkway" gained the last rank. Finally, based on the strategies, action plans for enhancing the vitality were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Designing a Participation Model of Knowledge Companies in Urban Planning Studies in order to meet the Urban Railway's technological needs: (Case Study: Tehran Metro Co.)
Hamed Abasi Nami Morteza MoosaKhani Ali Badeezadeh javad mehrabiOne of the strategic solutions to reduction of environmental pollution for urban residents due to traffic congestion is the development of metro. Therefore, during the boycott, the basic thrust in these conditions is the development of Metro-related technology and its l MoreOne of the strategic solutions to reduction of environmental pollution for urban residents due to traffic congestion is the development of metro. Therefore, during the boycott, the basic thrust in these conditions is the development of Metro-related technology and its localization with the geographical, climatic, economic and social conditions in the rail sector, which requires the participation of the domestic knowledge companies to provide the technology of this industry. In this paper, we seek to design an optimal participatory model; on this basis, the semi-structured qualitative method and the data theory of the foundation are used to design the model. The participants in the research are 15 experts, urban managers, academics specializing in the metro area and managers of knowledge companies, and the sampling method is purposeful. The data analysis method is the theoretical codification derived from the theorizing of the data of the foundation. Findings of the research were compared after comparing interview responses. Similar concepts were extracted from them. The data analysis method is the theoretical codification derived from the theorizing of the data of the foundation. Findings of the research were compared after comparing interview responses. Similar concepts were extracted from them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Solutions of Mountain Tourism Development in Amlash Township by SWOT Analysis Model
تیمور آمار علی صفاری رادMountainous region is one of the most favorite destinations for tourists in the world. The lack of oppropriate planning from responsible organizations and lack of enough information regarding potentials of the rurals mountainous region by tourists and being reluctance f MoreMountainous region is one of the most favorite destinations for tourists in the world. The lack of oppropriate planning from responsible organizations and lack of enough information regarding potentials of the rurals mountainous region by tourists and being reluctance for investing from private sector in providing proper equipment for tourists in mountainous region cause lack of improvement in the tourism industry in this regions. The current research is done in one of the mountainous ranges of Guilan province to answer this question that what are the advantages and limitations of tourism development in amlash mountainous region and what ways to exsit for development of tourism mountainnous? According to this issue that recognition of power points, weakeness points, opportunity and threat and planning in order to removal limitations and improving benefits and creating economic and social in this area are the obvious goals of this research, so this research using survey method (descriptives – analytical) field studies and completing questionnaire by kind three statistical population (tourists, rural family (people), local managers) and determining power, weakness, opportunity points and threat in from of economic, social and cultural, nuthral and physical and basic factors with SWOT method collect strategies and short term, mid term and long term time programmes in order to planning to develop mountainous tourism in Amlash city. Studies and examinations show that accordingto power and weakness points and opportunity in region, threats and weaknesses rates is very high, too and the region in a view to developing tourism prospers a damageable level and it´s necessary to distribute and allocate renewed sources and true and reasonable planning in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - بیان ژن ایزومراز کالکون در مراحل مختلف گلدهی اطلسی و رنگهای مختلف گل
فاطمه کیخا آخر عبدالرضا باقری نسرین مشتاقی مسعود فخرفشانیاطلسی یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زینتی در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی است. این گیاه به­ عنوان یک گیاه مدل زینتی شناخته می شود و یکی از مهمترین گیاهان در بازار فروش گل می­ باشد. فلاونوئیدها یکی از اصلی ­ترین ترکیبات در این گیاه است. بنابراین مهندسی ژنتیک با هدف تغییر ر Moreاطلسی یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زینتی در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی است. این گیاه به­ عنوان یک گیاه مدل زینتی شناخته می شود و یکی از مهمترین گیاهان در بازار فروش گل می­ باشد. فلاونوئیدها یکی از اصلی ­ترین ترکیبات در این گیاه است. بنابراین مهندسی ژنتیک با هدف تغییر رنگ گل در اطلسی بر این ترکیبات متمرکز شده است. برای بدست آوردن نمای کلی از بیان ژن­ ها در مسیر بیوسنتزی گیاه اطلسی، ما بیان ژن چالکون ایزومراز را در رنگ ­های مختلف و مراحل متفاوت گلدهی در این گیاه بررسی کردیم. همچنین برای بدست آوردن رابطه احتمالی بین بیان ژن و میزان این ترکیبات، غلظت فلاونوئیدهای کل، آنتوسیانین ­ها و نارنجنین اندازه ­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیان ژن چالکون ایزومراز در رنگ ­های مختلف اطلسی متفاوت بود. بطوری­ که بیشترین بیان ژن در اطلسی با رنگ گل قرمز مشاهده شد. همچنین غلظت نارنجنین در این رنگ گل بیشترین مقدار بود. در مقایسه با مراحل مختلف گلدهی، مرحله 1 بیشترین بیان را داشت. به عبارت دیگر هنگامی که گل­ ها به­ طور کامل بسته بودند (غنچه گل)، بیان و غلظت چالکون ایزومراز بیشترین مقدار بود. نتایج آزمایش ما نشان داد که چالکون ایزومراز یکی از ژن ­های کلیدی در مسیر بیوسنتزی تولید رنگ در این گیاه است به ­طوری که در غیاب این ژن، تولید رنگ متوقف خواهد شد. شناسایی ژن­ های موثر در مسیر تولید متابولیت ­های ثانویه در انتخاب صحیح ژن­ ها برای تغییر ژنتیکی آن­ ها و تولید متابولیت­ های ثانویه مختلف موثر خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - A comparative study of the attitudes of two generations of a family( Case Study:The boys 20 to 30 years in Shushtar and fathers)
Yousef Amini Mohammad Amini Mostafa MahmoudiThe objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative attitudes of fathers and sons from the family (marriage and childbearing) is. This research uses a scrolling method and is a type of comparison between groups. The statistical population is the 20-30 year old b MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative attitudes of fathers and sons from the family (marriage and childbearing) is. This research uses a scrolling method and is a type of comparison between groups. The statistical population is the 20-30 year old boys from Shushtar and their fathers. The sample size was 280 people (140 boys and 140 fathers). The method of random sampling is simple and the data collection technique is a questionnaire with interviews. After reviewing the literature on theories of marriage, views and attitudes of a generation gap with the help of the previous findings, the research questions were based on assumptions. The data point to a rise in the age of marriage of both sexes. At all levels, there was a significant difference between the views of fathers and boys on the age of marriage. There was a significant difference between the views of boys on the proper age of marriage by ethnicity and religious orientation. This difference was observed in the group of fathers. Both fathers and boys emphasize the sexual composition of children in more than two children over the dominant male composition. Parents are more interested in feminine religious and ethnic identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Study of the girls run away from home and assess the incidence of social causes (case study in Ardabil city)
نسرین خدابخشی هفشجانی حسین علی پور التفات وظیفه دمیرچی حمدالله نادریRun aways phenomenon of components is considered a serious social problems in the area. Inhibition and restoration requires a social architecture. Therefore, the processing of this type of injury (for girls and women affected) involves identifying the depth of social ma MoreRun aways phenomenon of components is considered a serious social problems in the area. Inhibition and restoration requires a social architecture. Therefore, the processing of this type of injury (for girls and women affected) involves identifying the depth of social maladjustment is why the main goal of this study was to investigate the social factors associated with girls running away from home, with an emphasis on the comparison of runaway girls and normal. The present study is a comparative case study and causal. The sample consisted of 33 patients and 33 normal girls Runaways sampling methods that were matched for age together. Achieved through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 17 software was evaluated. Comparison of runaway and non-childhood molestation indicate significant differences based on history, economic problems in the family, lack of tolerance threshold along with low levels of education and parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Waste Mass Movements Analysis of Dash-Kamel area by using the Stereographic Projection (Marzanabad-Chalus freeway)
Saeid Hakimi Asiabar -
Open Access Article
165 - Utilization of the Q-slope Empirical Classification System in Jointed Rock Slopes: A Case Study for Bonab-Malekan highway
Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti Leila Farjam Hajiagha -
Open Access Article
166 - Application of AHP-MCDM Method to Estimate the Delay-time of Tabriz-Bonab Highway Project
Seyed Mehdi Mostafavi Sara Soranj -
Open Access Article
167 - Study of Soil Liquefaction Potential in the South of Urmia plain, reviewing the Japanese specifications for highway bridges 1999
Ali Alizadeh Tohid Malekzadeh Dilmaghani -
Open Access Article
168 - Modeling the contingency implementation of privatization with fuzzy inference approach (Case study: Railways of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
Mehdi Nasiri Vahed gholamreza memarzadeh Saeed Sayad ShirkeshThe aim of this study is to develop a systematic implementation method of Article 44 and to turn to the materials mentioned in the above principle, to provide a privatization model as a case study in the IRA Railway Company based on the fuzzy inference approach. The pre MoreThe aim of this study is to develop a systematic implementation method of Article 44 and to turn to the materials mentioned in the above principle, to provide a privatization model as a case study in the IRA Railway Company based on the fuzzy inference approach. The present study was a descriptive-survey research in terms of applied purpose and based on its nature and method. The statistical population of this study was a group of university professors, specialists, managers and experts familiar with the field of railway and railway industry and the sample size was selected based on the chain method or snowball, 10 people. Data analysis was performed using fuzzy inference approach using MATLAB software. The results showed that the most desirable method for privatization in railways is the management contract method, the desirability of which was equal to 0.859, in which the cultural factor was the most effective component and the economic factor was the least effective component. On the other hand, the methods of offering shares to the public (0.822) with the priority of political and legal factor and the contracting method (0.810) with the priority of information factor were in the next ranks. Also, the lowest desirability was obtained for the method of decomposing larger units into smaller units with a value of 0.608. Therefore, it is necessary for the managers of the railway industry to use the best method in privatization methods according to the requirements of this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Gender reading of perceptual-cognitive wayfinding ability with emphasis on emotional intelligence in the case study of Sajjad neighborhood of Mashhad
shima abedi toktam hanaeeThinking is the basic pillar in the process of perception in the urban environment, considering that the wayfinding behavior in the urban space is influenced by the information received from the environment, so a correct understanding of the information received from th MoreThinking is the basic pillar in the process of perception in the urban environment, considering that the wayfinding behavior in the urban space is influenced by the information received from the environment, so a correct understanding of the information received from the environment makes wayfinding easier. Different people use different strategies for wayfinding in the urban space according to their physiological conditions. Emotion is one of the influential factors in the field of psychology and can be related to factors such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and wayfinding. Considering that thinking is essential in the perception process, then one of the components of emotional intelligence is also the facilitation of thinking, so the purpose of this research is to present a gender reading of the perceptual-cognitive ability of wayfinding with an emphasis on emotional intelligence. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the wayfinding behavior of women and men with an emphasis on emotional intelligence in Sajjad neighborhood. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and in this regard, field observations, questionnaires, and site visits were used to collect data. Based on the size of the community in Sajjad neighborhood, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to be 296 people, and the questionnaire was completed in the form of targeted sampling among overweight men. Data analysis for the effect of emotional intelligence on wayfinding has been done with inferential statistics tests in spss software, and Lone's test and Anova one-way variance test, t test have been analyzed. The results indicate that the wayfinding behavior of women and men is different and there is a direct relationship between emotional intelligence and routing of women and men. Women have higher self-awareness than men when it comes to wayfinding, and they also have more emotional ability and interpersonal sensitivity than men while performing this behavior in the environment. Men have stronger feelings than women in the process of wayfinding and determining the management path in the urban environment, and they have more self-confidence during this process. Men are more optimistic than women in the urban environment. Women use route and sign knowledge in wayfinding. Men use route knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The study of patrons' way finding s' Central Library of Tehran University using Geospatial Information System
fahimeh Babalhavaeji Roya PournaghiPurpose: University libraries space and equipment design identifies the importance of understanding patron way finding behavior in the library. This study aimed to identify the user's navigation behavior using the library entrance and Recognized Locations in high- MorePurpose: University libraries space and equipment design identifies the importance of understanding patron way finding behavior in the library. This study aimed to identify the user's navigation behavior using the library entrance and Recognized Locations in high-traffic routes for Marketing Services in The central library of Tehran University with Geospatial Information System software. Methodology: This study is an empirical method using a checklist through direct observation of client traffic routes from the entrance on the ground floor and first floor of the entrance stairs at the central library of Tehran University. Findings: More than 360 entry routes are observed during this study, but, only 5 of those routes are taken by over 50% of observed patrons as they enter the library. The "library entrance, then go down the stairs to the first floor of the left", with 25.7 of the first path and the path "entrance, the Employee locker bag Kit, Wardrobe right and go to the first floor to the right of the stairs.", with 25.2 percent, the second floor of the library is known more than 50 percent of the traffic is allocated. Also, the "first floor entrance hall, Aboryhan", with 34.4 of the first path, the "first floor entrance, hallway Xerox, Hall of Science and Technology", and 9.3% for the second path, and the path "the first floor entrance, corridor, Xerox, General Informatics ", the ninth of the third track on the first floor of the library building is that more than 52 percent of the traffic on the first floor is devoted to. Results also showed that the users input routing library building is somewhat stable and predictable. Conclusion: Geospatial Information System has been introduced as tools for graphically displaying library and information science data. Library personnel can use geospatial information system to map the most popular routes and using those result increase the level of way finding ease in the entry areas of the library and to strategically market library materials and services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Study and evolution of life and collective spaces of Iranians in the era of Al-Buwayh
Hedieh Dabiri Leila zareCollective space as one of the building blocks in shaping urban spaces has always played an effective role in creating an ideal city and the formation of spaces in the body of cities for human interaction has always been one of human needs since the beginning of mankind MoreCollective space as one of the building blocks in shaping urban spaces has always played an effective role in creating an ideal city and the formation of spaces in the body of cities for human interaction has always been one of human needs since the beginning of mankind. . An external look at the history of Shiism shows the existence of different periods with many ups and downs in this school. At some points in history, Shiism has been in decline and pressure, and some periods are considered the peak of Shiism. Naturally, the existence of Shiite governments has played an undeniable role in the culmination of the Shiite religion that the growth and scientific and social excellence of the Shiite religion in some periods has been the result of the existence of powerful Shiite governments. The emergence of the Buwayhids and their rise to power in the Islamic world can be considered as one of the peak periods of Shiism in life and the creation of collective and urban spaces. This research has been written in a historical-analytical method with the aim of examining the evolution of life in the era of Al-Buwayh and how to create collective and urban spaces of Iranians at that time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Investigating the effects of sound pollution of the railway transport on the stem’s anatomical structures of plants Centaurea cyanus (Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss.) and Marian thistle (Silybum marianum L.)
م kolahi mehdi Aabbaspour Gholam hossein Farsian naserzadehMany Studies indicated the effect of environmental factors stress such as heavy elements, harmful radiation, acid rain, salt etc. on the plants, but noise stress in plants has rarely studied. Audible sound wave technology has recently been applied to plants at various p MoreMany Studies indicated the effect of environmental factors stress such as heavy elements, harmful radiation, acid rain, salt etc. on the plants, but noise stress in plants has rarely studied. Audible sound wave technology has recently been applied to plants at various physiological growth stages e.g. seed germination, callus growth, endogenous hormones and mechanism of photosynthesis and transcription of certain genes. The aim of this research was survey effects of sound waves caused by railway transport on anatomic structures of Centaurea cyanus (Centaurea hyalolepis Boiss) and Marian thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Free hand sections were taken and stained in carmine and methyl blue. Thin cut sections were observed under the research microscope (Olympus) fitted with digital camera and attached with computer. The evaluation of cross-sectional, anatomy of plant tissue was done through taking micro-photographs. Our results indicated that remarkable changes has been seen in the anatomic structure of stem treatment plant in comparison with control plants such as increasing the chromaticity of cambium layers, enhancing the thickness of the sclerenchyma bundle sheath in the xylem tissues and improving the collenchymas layer of hypodermis. The sound waves of railway transport may increase of diameter and number of cell stability tissues (Sclerenchyma, collenchyma) stem of plant. Anatomical structure of plants, under the influence of the sound waves and noise pollution caused by rail transportation as an environmental stress changes fitted plants tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - A historical Review of British Role in Iran-Iraqi Dispute on the Shatt-al-Arab Waterway
Aliasghar Zargar -
Open Access Article
174 - Identity and Foreign Policy
Ebrahim Anoosheh -
Open Access Article
175 - Investigating the Role of Iran Railways in Supporting Veterans and Revolutionary Management of Transportation and Rail Communications in the 8 Years of Imposed War
nowruz hashemzehi Rasol YahaiHoly Defense is one of the most important historical events in Iran, where many sacrifices were made to protect the homeland. During this period, although everyone effectively resisted the Iraqi Ba'athist army; But some devices played an organized role. One of these org MoreHoly Defense is one of the most important historical events in Iran, where many sacrifices were made to protect the homeland. During this period, although everyone effectively resisted the Iraqi Ba'athist army; But some devices played an organized role. One of these organizations was the Railways of the Islamic Republic of Iran, whose activities are being investigated.The main approach of the research in this article is descriptive qualitative and the data have been collected with the help of documenting and phishing techniques from first and second hand sources and obtaining oral narration. The results show that the railway has played a role in supporting the war in both specialized and general sectors. Sending personnel to the battlefields, collecting and donating cash, collecting and sending machines and vehicles, forming eight bases, forming training classes, forming a relief and relief headquarters for the victims of missile attacks, creating a public shelter The use of buildings and places close to railways as a hospital is one of the most important types of public performance of the organization. Railway has been in the section of transferring specialized types of performance of the Railway Organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Effects of End Sill and Step Slope on Stepped Spillway Energy Dissipation
Amirmasoud Hamedi Abbas Mansoori Abolfazl Shamsai Sepideh Amirahmadian -
Open Access Article
177 - Determination of Aerated Steps Number over Broad-Crest Stepped Spillways under Jet Flow Regime by using Artificial Neural Network
A Dolatshah H.R Vosoughifar -
Open Access Article
178 - CFD and dimensionless parameter analysis of Froude number to determine the flow regime over ogee spillways
H.R Vosoughifar A.R Daneshkhah -
Open Access Article
179 - Determination of discharge coefficient of inbuilt spillway in rock- fill dams
J Bazargan H Zamanisabzi H Hashemi A.R Moazami -
Open Access Article
180 - Influence of Slope and the Number of Steps on Energy Dissipation in Stepped Spillway Using Numerical Model
J Bazargan M safakheil -
Open Access Article
181 - Stepped Spillway Performance: Study of the Pressure and Turbulent Kinetic Energy versus Discharge and Slope
Khosro Morovati Afshin Eghbalzadeh -
Open Access Article
182 - مارگارت آتوود و معرفی دنیای پسا انسان
مژگان آبشاویپژوهش حاضر سعی کرده است تحلیلی از تریلوژی مدآدام نوشته ی مارگارت آتوود با توجه به "نظریه سایبرگ" از دیدگاه دونا هاراوی انجام دهد. مارگارت آتوود برای تریلوژی خود اصطلاح "داستان تخیلی" را انتخاب می کند تا بتواند مراحل تغییر هویت را در نتیجه ی پیشرفت علم و تکنولوژی محک بزن Moreپژوهش حاضر سعی کرده است تحلیلی از تریلوژی مدآدام نوشته ی مارگارت آتوود با توجه به "نظریه سایبرگ" از دیدگاه دونا هاراوی انجام دهد. مارگارت آتوود برای تریلوژی خود اصطلاح "داستان تخیلی" را انتخاب می کند تا بتواند مراحل تغییر هویت را در نتیجه ی پیشرفت علم و تکنولوژی محک بزند. او قصد دارد به مردم نسبت به پیشرفت های تکنولوژیکی و شیوه های اقتصادی که منجر به تخریب محیط زیست می شود، هشدار دهد. این تریلوژی عواقب ارتباطات انسان با غیر انسانی ها را از طریق میان آمیختگی ژنی و "دو رگه" حاصل از آن را نشان می دهد. در اینجا ، پسا انسان به عنوان نتیجه اجتناب ناپذیر از ادغام انسان و فناوری ظاهر می شود. یکی از ارکان اصلی اندیشه پسا انسان ، استفاده از فناوری به عنوان ابزاری برای بهبود زندگی انسان با غلبه بر نقص و محدودیت های بدن بیولوژیک است. دنیای داستانی مارگارت آتوود با آنچه دونا هاراوی ، دانشمند آمریکایی، در مورد آن به عنوان "نظریه سایبرگ" صحبت می کند ، مطابقت دارد. هاراوی باور دارد که سایبرگ ها "دو رگه های ماشینی و جاندار" هستند و اجزای مکانیکی و ارگانیک آنها جدانشدنی هستند. بنابراین سایبرگ هاراوی به عنوان یکی از چهره های ممکن وجدید انسان به عنوان موجودات واقعی اجتماعی هستند. نظریه هاراوی به وضوح در تریلوژی آتوود آشکار است، از آنجا که موجودات دو رگه ی عجیب در تریلوژی همان سایبرگ هایی هستند که هاراوی به آن اشاره دارد و دنیایی را که در این داستان ها به تصویر کشیده، دنیایی با فناوری فوق العاده پیشرفته است که همچنان به پیشرفت خود ادامه می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - مارگارت آتوود و معرفی دنیای پسا انسان
Mojgan Abshaviپژوهش حاضر سعی کرده است تحلیلی از تریلوژی مدآدام نوشته ی مارگارت آتوود با توجه به "نظریه سایبرگ" از دیدگاه دونا هاراوی انجام دهد. مارگارت آتوود برای تریلوژی خود اصطلاح "داستان تخیلی" را انتخاب می کند تا بتواند مراحل تغییر هویت را در نتیجه ی پیشرفت علم و تکنولوژی محک بزن Moreپژوهش حاضر سعی کرده است تحلیلی از تریلوژی مدآدام نوشته ی مارگارت آتوود با توجه به "نظریه سایبرگ" از دیدگاه دونا هاراوی انجام دهد. مارگارت آتوود برای تریلوژی خود اصطلاح "داستان تخیلی" را انتخاب می کند تا بتواند مراحل تغییر هویت را در نتیجه ی پیشرفت علم و تکنولوژی محک بزند. او قصد دارد به مردم نسبت به پیشرفت های تکنولوژیکی و شیوه های اقتصادی که منجر به تخریب محیط زیست می شود، هشدار دهد. این تریلوژی عواقب ارتباطات انسان با غیر انسانی ها را از طریق میان آمیختگی ژنی و "دو رگه" حاصل از آن را نشان می دهد. در اینجا ، پسا انسان به عنوان نتیجه اجتناب ناپذیر از ادغام انسان و فناوری ظاهر می شود. یکی از ارکان اصلی اندیشه پسا انسان ، استفاده از فناوری به عنوان ابزاری برای بهبود زندگی انسان با غلبه بر نقص و محدودیت های بدن بیولوژیک است. دنیای داستانی مارگارت آتوود با آنچه دونا هاراوی ، دانشمند آمریکایی، در مورد آن به عنوان "نظریه سایبرگ" صحبت می کند ، مطابقت دارد. هاراوی باور دارد که سایبرگ ها "دو رگه های ماشینی و جاندار" هستند و اجزای مکانیکی و ارگانیک آنها جدانشدنی هستند. بنابراین سایبرگ هاراوی به عنوان یکی از چهره های ممکن وجدید انسان به عنوان موجودات واقعی اجتماعی هستند. نظریه هاراوی به وضوح در تریلوژی آتوود آشکار است، از آنجا که موجودات دو رگه ی عجیب در تریلوژی همان سایبرگ هایی هستند که هاراوی به آن اشاره دارد و دنیایی را که در این داستان ها به تصویر کشیده، دنیایی با فناوری فوق العاده پیشرفته است که همچنان به پیشرفت خود ادامه می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The "Spiritual Man" in the Thoughts of Jalāl-al Din Rumi and Wayne Dyer; A Comparative Study
Maryam Mardani Varposhti Hosein Hasanpur alashti Maseod Rohani Ali akbar Bagheri khaliliAnalyzing human nature is one of the most basic philosophical, religious and sociological issues. Also, knowing the characteristics of spiritual man and the ways to achieve happiness is one of the main topics in mystical schools. Many scholars and mystics - both in the MoreAnalyzing human nature is one of the most basic philosophical, religious and sociological issues. Also, knowing the characteristics of spiritual man and the ways to achieve happiness is one of the main topics in mystical schools. Many scholars and mystics - both in the West and in the East - have addressed this issue and reached different results. In the present essay, by using descriptive-comparative method, the intellectual systems of Jalāl-al Din Rumi and Wayne Dyer are studied on the issue of "spiritual man" and the common thoughts of these two thinkers are explained. The research findings show that the similarities between their views are much more than the differences. This is due to Dyer's great influence from Rumi's teachings and shows that their intellectual source, that is mysticism, is the same. The main point of commonality between the two is the concept of "unity of being" and the most important difference is the issue of "belief in divine punishment". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The Strategy of Moving away from People; A Comparative Study Based on the Views of Jalāl-a-Din Rūmi and Karen Horney
Shahram Mahmoodi Ebrahim Danesh Faramarz JalalatMany of our psychological sufferings are rooted in the way our parents treated us in our childhood. Neo-Freudian psychologist, Karen Horney established the theory of neurosis on the basis of the psychological sufferings and their consequences. Horney believes that a neu MoreMany of our psychological sufferings are rooted in the way our parents treated us in our childhood. Neo-Freudian psychologist, Karen Horney established the theory of neurosis on the basis of the psychological sufferings and their consequences. Horney believes that a neurotic person resorts to "moving toward people" (compliance), "moving against people" (aggression) and "moving away from people" (withdrawal), but these mechanisms are a temporary relief and may lead to the patient's discomfort. Jalāl-a-Din Rūmi, as a mystic who closely monitored the behavior of different classes of people, relying on Islamic knowledge and teachings, has presented solutions for the treatment of neuroticism, which have similarities with Horney's defense mechanisms. The present article, by using analytical-comparative method, examines the different manifestations of "moving away from people" in Masnavi Manavi. The results show that neurotic withdrawal has more manifestations in the behavior of characters of Masnavi. Also, Rūmi attaches great importance to dialogue in the process of human evolution, and considers "moving away from people" as permissible if there is no possibility of dialogue. He considers several types of withdrawal such as mystical, social and neurotic, and considers neurotic withdrawal as a result of factors such as ignorance, jealousy, hatred, lack of understanding of the causes of human differences and lack of mutual understanding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Abu-Saeed Sirafi and Expositions of Sibawayhs Al-Kitab
Seiyed Babak Farzane khatoon Lari dashtiCompitation of the grammatical rules of language after the speech became inevitable in any language. Arabic language also followed this trend. After establishing commentar grammar, a number of thinkers initated a series of discussions in this field of study. Sibawayh , MoreCompitation of the grammatical rules of language after the speech became inevitable in any language. Arabic language also followed this trend. After establishing commentar grammar, a number of thinkers initated a series of discussions in this field of study. Sibawayh , as an example wrote a book on issues related to grammar. As this book was very influential on other researchers, a lot of thinkers such as Abu Saeed Sirafi a prominent grammarian of the 4th century AH,clucidatd the work. Besides an extensive explanation and interpretation of grammar. He also noted lexical and …… issues and has corrected or completed some of the narrations and dauments , and has put these complex issues in simple and terse terms. This, has resulted in extensive attention of his contemporary and future scholars to this work .That in turn helped student to learn grammar. A study of Sirafi ouvre and comparision of this intorprative work with others. Such as Rommani, Ghortobi, Ebn e kharouf, Alam and saffar, which have been documented . We understood that Sirafi did not simply explicated Alketab, whenever his ideas contradicated with Sibawayh ,found some faults in the work .He has expressed his own ideas, corrected. Further, a study of the interpretive works suggest that Sirafis’work more significaut than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Management of Oil Revenues in Norwayand the Transition from Rentier State
Alireza Soltani Alireza HeshmatpourAbstract No doubt oil is the most important and at the same times the most political, economic, commodity in the today world. Oil plays a significant role to serve as the main source economic power and political always at the political and social development, for oil p MoreAbstract No doubt oil is the most important and at the same times the most political, economic, commodity in the today world. Oil plays a significant role to serve as the main source economic power and political always at the political and social development, for oil producing and it was from the main source of. But historical experience showed that having the natural resources and income spree oil wells by no means does not mean with have welfare facilities and government facilities and it does not cause political and economic, social development and deepening democracy. National dependence oil rich countries to oil had the diversity consequences .This consequences was from security social, economic, political and cultural dimension. Studies political development of the countries that manger shave of their income achieve from the oil always face the researchers with government that they have illogic power at the arena policies social and economic and know own to more than social levels, categories and groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The doctrine of harsh revenge in the defense thought of Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei; Basics and mechanisms of realization
Tajik Ismaili Rasool Akbar Ashrafi Ahmad Bakhshayeshi Ardestani Abdolhosein AllahkaramWith the martyrdom of the commander of Quds Force by America, the concept of harsh revenge by Ayatollah Khamenei as a plan and also a deterrent demand at various levels such as software overcoming the absurd and arrogant hegemony, the expulsion of America from the West MoreWith the martyrdom of the commander of Quds Force by America, the concept of harsh revenge by Ayatollah Khamenei as a plan and also a deterrent demand at various levels such as software overcoming the absurd and arrogant hegemony, the expulsion of America from the West Asian region, bloodlust and revenge against The murderers of Amin were brought up to kill Martyr Soleimani and his companions. This research with a descriptive-analytical method aims to answer this question: in the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei, what are the ways to realize hard revenge? Based on the investigation and study of his intellectual system and defense thought, the opposite results have been obtained: some of the results obtained are: the realization of harsh revenge based on the military dimension, including: strategic depth, comprehensive deterrence, the principle of balance of threat and harsh response, and the realization of harsh revenge In the scientific and technological dimension (software dominance), it includes: the principle of institutionalization, futurism and scientific sociology, scientific innovation, production of science and technology, and breaking scientific boundaries and breaking the monopoly of each of the advanced technologies are important. Also, another way to realize hard revenge is knowledge-based defense, a defense that is composed of soft and hard power tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Designing a privatization model for state-owned companies with fuzzy inference approach (Case study: Railway of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
mehdi nasirivahed gholamreza memarzadehtehran Saeed Sayad ShirkoshThe aim of this study is to develop a systematic implementation method of Article 44 and to turn to the materials mentioned in the above principle, to provide a privatization model as a case study in the IRA Railway Company based on the fuzzy inference approach. The sta MoreThe aim of this study is to develop a systematic implementation method of Article 44 and to turn to the materials mentioned in the above principle, to provide a privatization model as a case study in the IRA Railway Company based on the fuzzy inference approach. The statistical population of this study was a group of university professors, specialists, managers and experts familiar with the field of railway and railway industry and the sample size was selected based on the chain method or snowball, 10 people. Data analysis was performed using fuzzy inference approach using MATLAB software. The results showed that the most desirable method for privatization in railways is the management contract method, the desirability of which was equal to 0.859, in which the cultural factor was the most effective component and the economic factor was the least effective component. On the other hand, the methods of offering shares to the public (0.822) with the priority of political and legal factor and the contracting method (0.810) with the priority of information factor were in the next ranks. Also, the lowest desirability was obtained for the method of decomposing larger units into smaller units with a value of 0.608. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Evaluation of Wayfinding Behavior in Women and Men with Emphasis on Emotional Intelligence
shima abedi toktam hanaeewayfinding behavior in the urban space under the influence of information received from the environment, including location identification in terms of position and correct perception of spatial relationships between environmental elements, makes it easier to determine t Morewayfinding behavior in the urban space under the influence of information received from the environment, including location identification in terms of position and correct perception of spatial relationships between environmental elements, makes it easier to determine the route. Different people use different strategies in wayfinding according to environmental conditions and individual characteristics, and also the wayfinding behavior of women and men in urban space is different. It is also effective in the perception process of how to recognize the environment, and different cognitive factors influence the wayfinding behavior of men and women. Emotional intelligence is one of the influential factors in the field of psychology and can be related to factors such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and navigation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the wayfinding behavior of women and men with an emphasis on emotional intelligence. The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical, and in this regard, field observations, questionnaires, and site visits were used to collect data. Based on the size of the community in Sajjad neighborhood, using Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to be 296 people, and the questionnaire was completed in the form of targeted sampling among men and women. Data analysis for the effect of emotional intelligence on routing has been done with inferential statistics tests in spss software, and after checking the normality of the data based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the correlation matrix of the variables, checking the correlation coefficient of the wayfinding variables of men and women, t-test analysis has been The results indicate that the wayfinding behavior of women and men is different and women use route and sign knowledge in wayfinding , women control less anxiety and worry in the wayfinding process and also have less self-awareness than men. Also, women feel more intimacy and empathy in communicating in wayfinding, but they have problems in managing stress and have low ability, and in contrast to men, they use the knowledge of coordinates and wayfinding in navigation. Also, men's stress management is high, and men's self-awareness and self-management are higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Growth and competitiveness of wheat against C3 and C4 plant in CO2 enrichment and drought condition
farahnaz momtazi hamidreza miriPrediction climatic models show that atmospheric CO2 concentration will be increase and this has considerable effect on plant growth and their interaction. In addition to this CO2 changes water availability will affect plant growth and development. A greenhouse experime MorePrediction climatic models show that atmospheric CO2 concentration will be increase and this has considerable effect on plant growth and their interaction. In addition to this CO2 changes water availability will affect plant growth and development. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in Arsanjan Islamic Azad University in 2012 in order to evaluate effect of drought and CO2 elevation on growth and competitiveness of wheat against C3 and C4 crops and weeds. Wheat, sunflower, wild oat and lumbsquarters as C3 crops and weeds and corn, millet, redroot pigweed and wild johnsongrass as C4 crops and weed were subjected to two CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm) and two irrigation treatments (control and drought). The results showed that by increasing CO2 concentration total dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and leaf area of wheat increased significantly, but CO2 elevation had no significant effects on C4 plants. CO2 elevation increased dry weight of wheat by 30.7%. Drought stress reduced dry weight of wheat by 25.3%, but, under high CO2 condition there was no reduction in dry weight of wheat. This means that high CO2 reduced harmful effect of drought on C3 and C4 plants. The results also showed that by increasing CO2 competitive ability of wheat increasing against C4 plants. This change the competitive interaction of C3 and C4 crops and weeds at different CO2 and drought condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Effect of Synchronus Intraperitoneal Injection of Harmaline and PTZ on Serotonergic and Gabaergic Pathways and Seizure Threshold in NMRI Male Mice
غلامحسن واعظی فاطمه نصیرزادهEpilepsy is one of the chronic disorders of nervous system in human being. Totally, this disease is distinguished by motor, sensory and psychic periodic attacks. This disease disrupts the brain function and it is accompanied by different, abrupt, transitory and returnab MoreEpilepsy is one of the chronic disorders of nervous system in human being. Totally, this disease is distinguished by motor, sensory and psychic periodic attacks. This disease disrupts the brain function and it is accompanied by different, abrupt, transitory and returnable symptoms that usually, the conscious level gets disruptive. The goal of this research is the study of intraperitoneal injection effects of harmaline and PTZ on seizure threshold and its effect on serotonergic and gabaergic pathways. The experiments were carried out on male mice (NMRI) with approximateweigh of 25-30 gr. In this study, the animals divided into five groups of eight: experimental and sham. Sham groups received intraperitoneal injection of harmaline (dose of 5mg/kg) and intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (dose of 45mg/kg). Three experimental groups received synchronous injection of PTZ (dose of 45mg/kg) and different doses of harmaline (5, 10, 20 mg/kg). After drug injection, seizure reflexes have been recorded through direct observation for 20 minutes. The obtained information was analyzed by applying statistical tests (Tukey and ANOVA). The results of this study have shown that in sham group seizure threshold of PTZ was a dose of 45mg/kg and harmaline seizure thresholdwas a dose of 5mg/kg. Whereas, in pre-test applying of low doses has not shown any symptoms of tremor and seizure, also harmaline in case of dependent dose and significantly has reduced seizures threshold. The results of this study have shown that synchronous and intraperitoneal injection of harmaline and PTZ have reduced the seizure threshold and seizure symptoms have revealed earlier. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Comparative Study of the Components of Magical Realism in the Novels of The Tooba and the Meaning of Night and The Garden of a Thousand Twist Pathways
Behruz Azhari Hamid Reza farzi Ali DehqanAbstract The foundation of " Magical Realism " is built on reality, but the writer of such literary genre, includes so much ultra realistic phenomena in the real texture of the story which it becomes easily believable to the r MoreAbstract The foundation of " Magical Realism " is built on reality, but the writer of such literary genre, includes so much ultra realistic phenomena in the real texture of the story which it becomes easily believable to the reader. We have studied the important elements of magical realism in The Tooba and the meaning of the night from Shahrnoosh Parsipour and a collection of short stories of The Garden of a thousand twists from Jorges Luis Borged. In by analytical and comparative method. The results of the story show that among the components studied, overstatement and exaggeration and alliance and dualism have allocated the most part of share to themselves. And also, by comparing the two articles one finds that quietness and silence have been used more in The Tooba and the Meaning of the Night than The Garden of a Thousand Twist Pathways. At the same time, the texture of dualism and reconciliation and also sarcasm and allusion are more colorful in the garden of pathways from the Parsipour novel; and it seems that the lack of the essence of sarcasm in some parts of it has endangered the believability of the events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Studying the Devilish Forces in the Mythology of Ancient Iran and its Reflection in the Wayce and Ramin
Ma'sumeh Nazari Ayyub KooshanAbstract Belief in dualism and the opposition of goodness and badness can be seen in the nature, human being and the contrasting forces in the world and in the mythology of ethnics including Indo-European and Aryan tribes. In MoreAbstract Belief in dualism and the opposition of goodness and badness can be seen in the nature, human being and the contrasting forces in the world and in the mythology of ethnics including Indo-European and Aryan tribes. In Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda is the omnipotent of goodness , and Ahriman ( devil ) stands at the top of satanic forces.Belief in this dualism, in the mythological and epic works indicates the tenet of mythological man in the division of the world into two areas of goodness and badness. It has been tried, in this paper, to study the satanic forces in the ancient mythology of Iran and its reflection in " The Wayce and Ramin " and answer the question whether these creatures have the signs of satanic manner in the Avesta or not, and have they maintained their self-innovence. The study method is descriptive-analytic. One can conclude from the results that satanic creatures in the wayce and Ramin are adaptable with giant demons in the Avesta and Pahlavi texts; sometimes they are real beings which, with concrete picture are able to function in the mythological world. In this paper, besides the demons posed in the Iranian ancient culture, we've discussed about the other two demons of kindness and destruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - تحلیل استاتیکی و دینامیکی نوعی پدآلومینیومی مورد استفاده بعنوان جاده قابل حمل
مجتبی رضایی احمد محمودی ابوذر اسحقی اسکوئی رضا حسینی ثانیبا توجه به شرایط جغرافیایی و اقلیمی بعضی از مناطق کوهستانی که اغلب پوشیده از برف و یخ می باشند راههای مواسلاتی به مناطق روستایی و بویژه پایگاههای مرزی نا مناسب بوده و رفتوآمد و وسایط نقلیه و نیز حملونقل تجهیزات و نفرات به سختی انجام می پذیرد. جهت حل این مشکل و ک Moreبا توجه به شرایط جغرافیایی و اقلیمی بعضی از مناطق کوهستانی که اغلب پوشیده از برف و یخ می باشند راههای مواسلاتی به مناطق روستایی و بویژه پایگاههای مرزی نا مناسب بوده و رفتوآمد و وسایط نقلیه و نیز حملونقل تجهیزات و نفرات به سختی انجام می پذیرد. جهت حل این مشکل و کمک به تسهیل رفت و آمد، می توان پدهایی طراحی نمود که بر روی بستر این مسیرها قرارگرفته و بعنوان نوعی جاده پوششی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. در این مقاله نوعی پروفیل آلومینیومی فرم داده شده بصورت دهانه های ناودانی شکل جهت استفاده بعنوان پد قابل حمل جهت پوشش جاده، طراحی و تحلیل شده و بارهای وارده از طرف یک خودرو تویوتا هایلوکس با بار حدود 3 تن شبه سازی می­شود. حداکثر تنش های اعمالی بر اساس پارامترهای هندسی پد از قبیل دهانه کانال، فاصله دهانه و زوایای فرم دهی مورد بررسی قرار می­گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The consequences and Geo-Economical effects of the development of the Gwadar port and the Chabahar port on each other
Omidali Asadi Ali Akbar Amini Mansour TajeriOf the 3 international transport corridors, which UN experts predict for transportation between the Far East and the other points of the world, 2 corridors pass through Iran, and the Chabahar port is one of the main crossroads of the south corridor of world trade. Due t MoreOf the 3 international transport corridors, which UN experts predict for transportation between the Far East and the other points of the world, 2 corridors pass through Iran, and the Chabahar port is one of the main crossroads of the south corridor of world trade. Due to its strategic position and access to international free waters, Chabahar has a special place in exchanges between Iran and elsewhere. But the main competitor, or indeed, the neighboring port of Chabahar, is the Gwadar port of Pakistan, at the tip of the southwest of Pakistan on the Gulf Coast Gulf in the Oman Sea. Gwadar port found significant strategic value in India-Pakistan competition. China, as a global emerging power, is investing in strategic spheres, such as Gwadar, in order to connect Europe and exploit the North-South Corridor, So that it can continue to excel in the global economy. With the investment of China, at the port of Gwadar, most likely based on the economy and trade in the region, a new game will take shape, which will have implications for the region, including the Chabahar port of Iran. Considering this issue, this research deals with the descriptive-analytical method and library and documentary studies to study the geo-economical characteristics of the Chabahar and Gwadar ports. The research findings show, given the geographic and functional characteristics of the regions, the development of Chabahar is not going to weaken Gwadar, but faster development of Gwadar means weakening and even destroying Chabahar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The Relationship between Learning Style, Personality Traits, and Problem-Solving Styles
Mehrdad Akbari Abdollah MotamediAbstract: The present study investigated the relationship between learning style, personality traits, and problem-solving styles in state-run and private universities in Khouzestan Province. 300 students were selected through a multi-phase random method. Three questionn MoreAbstract: The present study investigated the relationship between learning style, personality traits, and problem-solving styles in state-run and private universities in Khouzestan Province. 300 students were selected through a multi-phase random method. Three questionnaires, Kolb's list of learning styles, Neo's Personality Test (FFI-NEO), and Adolescent - Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (A-Cope) were administered. To examine the research hypotheses, MANOVA, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation were used. The results showed that there is not a significant difference between people with accommodating and converging styles regarding psychopathic behaviors. Also, there is a significant difference between students with converging and diverging learning styles, on the one hand, and those with assimilating and accommodating styles, on the other hand. Findings also indicated that there is a significant difference between problem-solving styles among students with accommodating and converging learning style. The ultimate result of the study showed a significant relationship between problem-solving styles and personality traits in the way that those with psychopathic behaviors use unhealthy ways of solving problems and those with diverging and assimilating styles use healthy ways to solve the problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Safir-e Simorgh in Kargahe Ankaboot
Shahin Ojagh AlizadehThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the s MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the stages of Suluk and the secrets of Gnosticism, but in fact is a voluminous book, summarized for instructional purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Mowlana’s kinship with Baha Valad, Plato, and Plonious
Fateme HeidariMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from differe MoreMan inherits the sciences and mystical intimations of his ancestors, yet rare is found a soul who could reveal the recorded knowledge in his collective unconscious and individual consciousness within tens of thousands of lyric ghazals and attract all people from different walks of life with his theosophic ideas and spiritual compositions. From what is understood by the content of Masnavi, the most important source in composing it is Koran and Islamic mystical intimations. Though Mowlana had a wealth of approaches and manuals to draw upon for his sufi practice, his theosophy and mysticism, one should look directly to his immediate formative influences his father, Baha Valad, his mentor Borhan-al Din Mohaqeq of Termez, and Shams Tabrizi to learn more about how and what he learned and taught. All that makes Masnavi a prism through which different modes of thoughts, Islamic, Persian, Greek, Indian, semitic, etc are reflected. The purpose of this article is to present points of similarity regarding various issues such as God, Salek, compatibility, love, and first abode in Plato, Baha Valad, and Mowlan’s thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Investigating Factors Influencing Girls Driving Away from Home in Iran: A Systematic Review
Mohammad Alipour Soudabeh Shabgerd Timuri Golsa GhorbaniThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the influencing factors in girls driving away from home by systematic review. The statistical universe encompassed all the published findings in Persian magazines within Civilica, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran dat MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the influencing factors in girls driving away from home by systematic review. The statistical universe encompassed all the published findings in Persian magazines within Civilica, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran data bases between 2011 and 2023. All the articles were 369 ones. The sample included 11 manuscripts concerning drive away female with drive-away, girls, home, house and family key words that were reviewed. The research method was a systematic review. The results revealed that different factors such as family factors (problem parenting styles, tensions, patriarchy and financial needs), individual factors (behavioral disorders and disturbing experiences) and social factors (improper functioning of society, unfavorable performance of officials and media) were effective on driving away of girls. Girls driving away from home is a socio-cultural phenomenon that has problems and negative consequences. Girls driving away from home could occur for various reasons such as cultural, economic, educational poverty, etc. Finally, girls driving away from home is a social pathology for all societies, which has adverse effects on society, family and the girls themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Geometrical optimization of stepped spillway models
Amin Rostami Ravari Habib Musavi JahromiStepped spillways are consist of some steps, which started from top crest of weirs to the down stream of spillways. These structures is used now because of their efficiency in dissipating energy of flow, and their benefits in economical aspects. This kind of spillways a MoreStepped spillways are consist of some steps, which started from top crest of weirs to the down stream of spillways. These structures is used now because of their efficiency in dissipating energy of flow, and their benefits in economical aspects. This kind of spillways are also used in agriculture because of air entrance along them and natural purification of water. This study was carried out to find a mathematical model for estimating the relative dissipation of energy by making 10 physical models of stepped spillways in a laboratory flume. The models were built up to 31 steps, and data was collected by passing many different discharges through them. Effective parameters such as: a, N, Hdam, Yc, and (h, l) were obtained by data analysis and then some important and effective dimensionless parameters for geometric optimization of the stepped spillways were found using a dimensionless technique and analyzing the results. There was a relation between the relative dissipating energy and some dimensionless parameters like yc/h, Hdam/yc. Results showed that the best physical model for dissipating the energy was 15 step spillway. Finally, the geometric optimized formula were proposed for mentioned spillway by analyzing the obtained parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the selection of the contractor in the General Directorate of Highways and Road Transportation of Khorasan Razavi
Seyed Rasoul Hoseini Mahdi GhaforifardThe specialization of the activities of various sectors of the industry is one of the characteristics of the current business market, and outsourcing is part of the activities of the organization as a project and the selection of a contractor is one of the concerns of m MoreThe specialization of the activities of various sectors of the industry is one of the characteristics of the current business market, and outsourcing is part of the activities of the organization as a project and the selection of a contractor is one of the concerns of managers to compete in the business market. The purpose of this study is to explain the criteria for selecting a contractor in the General Directorate of Highways and Road Transportation of Khorasan Razavi, and in this regard, we will rank the criteria for selecting a contractor. The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of type of purpose. In this study, DEMATEL technique and Analytical Network Process method were used. The statistical population of this study is all specialists, experts and decision makers in selecting a contractor in the General Directorate of Highways of Khorasan Razavi; Due to their history, skills and expertise, their number is limited. Considering that the number of these specialists and experts is about eleven; Therefore, sampling was done by census among these people. This study showed that seven criteria for selecting a contractor have been identified, which include: economic, experience, reputation and good reputation, technical capabilities, health and safety, human resources and facilities, and finally the criteria for management capabilities. Importance was prioritized. According to the results, it is recommended that managers pay special attention to the contractor's experience and management capabilities to select a contractor. Manuscript profile
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