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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of rural women's access to health care services in Razavi Khorasan Province
مریم قاسمی fahimeh jafarioptimal access to services and medical facilities and human health is one of the important indicators of rural development and one of the basic prerequisites for the realization of sustainable human development and the background for creating justice in society. The mai Moreoptimal access to services and medical facilities and human health is one of the important indicators of rural development and one of the basic prerequisites for the realization of sustainable human development and the background for creating justice in society. The main objective of the research is to investigate and analyze the status of women's access to health care services in 2015 and 2016 and whether women's access to health care services has improved in this period. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data of Iran Statistics Center was used in 2015 and 2016. The unit of analysis was Dehistan and the data analysis was done with the help of PSI preference index model and hierarchical cluster analysis and coefficient of variation. According to the results of 154 rural women's access to health care services in 2006, %15 of rural villages in the province were at a favorable level, 35% at an average level, and %50 at a poor level. Also, among the 164 villages in 2013, women's access to health indicators was at the optimal level in %7 of the villages in the province, %28 at the average level and 68% of the villages at the poor level. Conclusion: The results of the research show that a kind of general deprivation in the field of enjoying health and health indicators prevails in the rural areas of the province, and the indicators of women's specific health care services are not evenly distributed among the geographical areas of Razavi Khorasan province. Access to healthcare facilities is essential especially for rural women, even in the most remote and deprived areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Identifying the impact of fit and future growth stages of the team with the level of technology on the success of knowledge-based and technology-based companies in Iran
kamal sakhdariEntrepreneurship in the field of knowledge has many problems due to rapid changes and environmental uncertainty; But these companies are the drivers and without their effective presence, significant successes in knowledge, economy and employment can not be achieved. The MoreEntrepreneurship in the field of knowledge has many problems due to rapid changes and environmental uncertainty; But these companies are the drivers and without their effective presence, significant successes in knowledge, economy and employment can not be achieved. The composition and characteristics of the team and its relevance to the stage of work in which they are and expect to reach in the future, are among the most important components of the success of these companies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact and appropriateness of characteristics and team composition on the future success and growth of knowledge-based and technology companies in different stages of business. Findings of this research are of applied type; In terms of data collection, it was the quality-data of the foundation, the data of which were collected and analyzed from semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 21 entrepreneurs in this field in Khorasan Razavi province. The results show that the composition and characteristics of the team and its relevance to the stage of work in which they are, are among the most important components of the success of these companies, so identifying team characteristics and the impact of team dynamics and using a dual power mechanism on The success of start-ups and technology companies is crucial. In this regard, the results showed that the more complex the idea and product of companies, the more diverse members are needed, the more cohesion and the fewer changes in the team; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Policy of Iranian Dynasties toward Old Sarakhs (916-1300/1510-1883)
morteza daneshyarSharakhs- situated in the border of Iran and Turkmenistan- is one of the oldest cities in Iran that its strategic position made it a significant place in pre-Islamic era. Since Arab conquest until Ṣafavids era Sarahks maintained its prosperity and significance and parti MoreSharakhs- situated in the border of Iran and Turkmenistan- is one of the oldest cities in Iran that its strategic position made it a significant place in pre-Islamic era. Since Arab conquest until Ṣafavids era Sarahks maintained its prosperity and significance and particularly in tenth century due to its nearness to the cites of Herat and Merv/ Marv, which were periodically the capital of Khorasan, as well as its safety from the invasion of the Mongols. But later, according to the sources, Sarakhs gradually declined and eventually it was completely destroyed in the 13th century. This research focused on the influential Iranian dynasties that prevent or accelerate the destruction of the city. The research shows that the competition between Uzbeks and Safavid initiated the decline of Sarakhs. The Safavids, by empowering a local government, retained it until the end of their reign. Nader Shah's policy was ineffective as well as Qajars were unsuccessful.Sarakhs was changed as the settlement of the Turkmen raiders and a Persian slave market and so that Qajars had to ruin it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Survey On investigating psychological empowerment score and indentifing the effective factors on psychological empowerment (Case Study: Khorasan Regional Electricity Company)
Azar Kafashpor Neda shakooriThe purpose of this study is to investigate psychological empowerment score and to indentify and rank the effective factors on psychological empowerment in khorasan regional electricity company. The research is application and doing with quantitative and describe method MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate psychological empowerment score and to indentify and rank the effective factors on psychological empowerment in khorasan regional electricity company. The research is application and doing with quantitative and describe methodsThe data were collected from 116 personnels of company.its validity was confirmed by the experts and elite universities and factor analyses and its reliability was approved via Cronbach’s alpha of 0.906. sampling is Stratified Sampling and tools Data Gathering is questionnaire.For examining the hypothesis T test, Friedman test, Bartlett's Test, Structural Equation Modeling has been used based on 9 hypothesis have been verified .The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software and lisrel software. The Results demonstrated that the rate of employee empowerment is more than average and structure empowerment , Empowering leadership , training, information sharing, reward, job characteristics, trust, psychological capital, self evaluation were place in first to ninth ranks , respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating Relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Commitment (Case study: khorasan Region Electric Company)
Azar Kafashpor Neda ShakooriThis study aimed to determine relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among khorasan Region Electric Company. In this descriptive-correlative study, 116 personels working in mashhad company were selected to the study in summer 2015. MoreThis study aimed to determine relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment among khorasan Region Electric Company. In this descriptive-correlative study, 116 personels working in mashhad company were selected to the study in summer 2015. The data collection tool included the “Sprietzer psychological empowerment questionnaire” and the “organizational commitment questionnaire of Allen and Meyer”. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed through appropriate methods. its validity was confirmed by the experts and elite universities and factor analyses and its reliability was approved via Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 for between psychological empowerment and 0.89 for organizational commitment. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, and linear regression method in the SPSS22. The correlation and linear regression tests indicated that psychological empowerment was statistically correlate with the organizational commitment of personels and could predicted it. Based on the findings of this study, psychological empowerment was a predictive factor for organizational commitment. Among the psychological empowerment of dimentions , meaning, self-determination, influence and competency have highest correlation with organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Factors Affecting Organizational Indifference (Case study: Khorasan Regional Electricity Company)
Qolam abbas Shekary Leila Oliaee Malihe kheirkhah Reihaneh hashemzehiBackground – organizational Indifference is one of the problems that currently most governmental and non-governmental organizations deal with that its spread preventing among employees is a major matter for organizations' MoreBackground – organizational Indifference is one of the problems that currently most governmental and non-governmental organizations deal with that its spread preventing among employees is a major matter for organizations' managers. Purpose – This paper aims to identify and rank the factors affecting organizational Indifference among employees of Khorasan Regional Electricity Company (KREC). Methodology – The research method is exploratory mixed. The main instrument of the research s is a research-made questionnaire that its validity was achieved through Content. Also, according to the Cronbach's alpha obtained at 0.92, it could be concluded that the questionnaire's reliability is acceptable. Findings – Based on the findings, the factors effecting organizational Indifference were identified in 2 dimensions and 12 factors from the experts’ point of view. Also, the results showed that the lack of meritocracy, ambiguous goals, and indifference transfer to the workplace are the most important factors respectively from the managers ' point of view. Conclusion – The study will contribute to improve understanding on the key factors influencing organizational indifference, providing for a conceptual model useful for future investigations. Keywords_ Organizational Indifference, Khorasan Regional Electricity Company, Lack of Meritocracy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating and Recognizing the Factors Affecting the Production of Creative Programs in North Khorasan Radio
morteza ghanbarabadi amir saki ashraf raadThe purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the factors affecting the production of creative programs in North Khorasan Radio using a structured survey and interview with the statistical community of all the suppliers and radio program developers of the At MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate and identify the factors affecting the production of creative programs in North Khorasan Radio using a structured survey and interview with the statistical community of all the suppliers and radio program developers of the Atrak network, which ultimately most developers and suppliers The authors point to creativity as one of the important elements in radio programming, and finally it was found that both creative and organizational components of the network are atractive, individual components and organizational components are important, but individual components are influenced by organizational components. Which according to the research results of creativity in shading and screw components The organization has become dimmed Therefore, it can be said that there is a relationship between the "production components" of the "principle of programming", "individually effective variables" and "effective organizational variables" with "creative programming in the voice of the network of Atrac", which means that with 95% confidence "As the new components of creativity increase in production between developers and developers, the amount of creative programming in the network of Atrak also grows. Therefore, it is suggested that creative programming should be promoted with the specialized training necessary for designers and developers, as individual components will improve with the excellence of the organizational components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Regional Equilibrium Analysis Based on the Combined Indices of Core-Periphery Theory and Sustainable Tourism (Case Study: Khorasan-e-Razavi Province)
zeinab mirsondosi Behnaz aminzadehOne of the important issues in regional planning is the lack of attention to the inner strengths of the region and, therefore, its dependence on neighboring areas, while it itself has the power and capacity to be an environment for different activities such as tourism. MoreOne of the important issues in regional planning is the lack of attention to the inner strengths of the region and, therefore, its dependence on neighboring areas, while it itself has the power and capacity to be an environment for different activities such as tourism. Studies show little equilibrium in regional development in Iran in the last 50 years and this has created certain problems and issues for the spatial structure of cities and villages. The first step to face this problem is to evaluate a region according to its capacities and the way it benefits from them and then to provide a plan for enhancing or creating regional equilibrium, to help ordering the spatial structure of settlements in the region and to prevent some of the cities to grow unreasonably large. Sustainable tourism is a powerful tool for developing the regions and balancing them to an equilibrium point. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how to use the sustainable tourism potential of a region in combination with the Core-Periphery planning theory for examining the region and, as a result, bringing it to a regional equilibrium. To this end, the conceptual model of this research and the indicators were developed using the meta-analysis method and then, they were rated using two methods of factor analysis and cluster analysis of Khorasan-e-Razavi province. The regional equilibrium is measured based on the sustainable tourism potential and is presented using the GIS software on the map of the province. The results of the research include providing a conceptual model for measuring regional equilibrium and paying attention to sustainable tourism potential. The research findings in the sample section show that Khorasan-e-Razavi Province does not have a sustainable balance for using the sustainable tourism potential of the province. Positioning Mashhad in the first place and 18 other cities at the lowest levels of tourism indicates an imbalance of the region which acts as a major factor in the collapse of the spatial order of the province on the one hand and causes the rapid and unpredictable growth of Mashhad on the other hand. In other words, tourism acts as an important factor in the collapse of the regional balance. Finally, in order to enhance tourism equilibrium in the province it is suggested that, first, all wealth gained for the province must be distributed in a balanced way, and second, development spread in the Core-Periphery theory is not sufficient on its own and the intervention of planners is also required. Therefore, through proper intervention and planning, planners can help to transfer tourism revenues from core to periphery to balance tourism development all over the province. So, the cities' rating and its spatial map provided in this paper are proper guides for finding the needs of the province by showing the parts in need of more consideration and those that are fertile and will flourish with a brief attention. Moreover, based on the results, some specific suggestions are put forward for enhancing the province equilibrium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Developing an Inter-agency Factor Model Effective on Attracting Sponsors in Championship Sports
hadi bagheri bagher morsal ali fahiminejad The purpose of this paper was to develop a model of effective inter-organizational factors for attracting sponsors in championship sport in North Khorasan province. The statistical population consisted of all sports heads, sponsors managers, athletes and coaches, More The purpose of this paper was to develop a model of effective inter-organizational factors for attracting sponsors in championship sport in North Khorasan province. The statistical population consisted of all sports heads, sponsors managers, athletes and coaches, managers of sports organizations with 150 individuals who were selected as sample and completed a five-point Liker questionnaire using qualitative analysis results. They came and answered. Its face and content validity by experts and the reliability of the qualitative data by Delphi method and the reliability of quantitative data in a baseline study among 30 sport managers and sponsors using Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using SPSS 23 and SPSS 3 software. Results were analyzed in two parts: structural model and model utility. The results were analyzed in two parts: structural model and model utility. The findings of the study showed that the experimental data collected in this study support the existing theoretical model and the relevant factors were able to predict a good percentage of the main variable behavior. Investigation of factor path coefficient showed that management factor with beta coefficient of 0.358 and information system factor with beta coefficient of 0.126 had the highest and least importance respectively in predicting main variable behavior or attracting sponsors in championship sport. Overall, it is recommended to use theoretical research model to attract sponsors in provincial championship sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A New Framework For International Branding
H. Vazifehdoust N. ZarinnegarThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the interrelated relationship among brand orientation, brand re-positioning, brand performance and international marketing issues. Using Ho Yin Womg’s model, ten hypotheses were tested. The sample consi MoreThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the interrelated relationship among brand orientation, brand re-positioning, brand performance and international marketing issues. Using Ho Yin Womg’s model, ten hypotheses were tested. The sample consisted of producers and exporters of saffron in Khorasan Razavi. Using structural equation modeling to analyze the data, only two hypotheses were accepted. The major values of this study are the establishment of the role of branding in international branding. Brand orientation has a significant impact on international branding strategy, and the marketing environment impacts brand repositioning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Studying the Effectiveness Rate of Performing the Portal Informational System in Administrational Systems (Studying Khorasan’s Province Staff)
محمد سلطانیThis research studies the effectiveness rate of performing the portalinformational system in administrational systems (in studying Khorasan’s provincestaff). The assessing indices are categorized into three groups: 1- The Portal systemconcerning content, 2- The Po MoreThis research studies the effectiveness rate of performing the portalinformational system in administrational systems (in studying Khorasan’s provincestaff). The assessing indices are categorized into three groups: 1- The Portal systemconcerning content, 2- The Portal system concerning techniques & 3- The Portalsystem concerning management support. Three main hypotheses are designed throughthe foresaid categories. After defining the research framework, the subject is studiedtheoretically. Then, data collection has been done through the descriptive researchmethod and field method in library (searching, studying, surveying & takingadvantage of digital texts & magazines) and none-library (initial & final interviews &questionnaires) contexts. The questionnaire entitled as “Studying the EffectivenessRate of Performing the Portal Informational System in Administrational Systems(Studying Khorasan’s Province Staff)” was distributed among system members. Afterthe questionnaires were answered, then they were analyzed through Spearman's rankcorrelation coefficient (to test the relation among the indices), Student's t-distribution(to test the main hypotheses), Friedman (to test the side hypotheses and to classifytheir indices & dimensions) and the SPSS soft ware. The results show that the Portalinformational system performed in administrational systems has been effective incontent, technique and support of all indices. But, the effectiveness rate is not similarin all indices. Eventually, some suggestions and recommendations have been made tohelp boost the effectiveness rate of the Portal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Ghaznawides and Philosophy and Theology in Khorasan and Transoxania
Dr. Mahbub MahdavianThe lands of Khorasan and Transoxania before Islam were one of theimportant scientific and cultural centers of Iran, and had an outstandingrole in ruling Abbasides during the Isiamic era. Because of this, Theyhave been one of the pioneering lands in the world of Islam, MoreThe lands of Khorasan and Transoxania before Islam were one of theimportant scientific and cultural centers of Iran, and had an outstandingrole in ruling Abbasides during the Isiamic era. Because of this, Theyhave been one of the pioneering lands in the world of Islam, from notonly political but also scientific and cultural points of view, particularlyin philosophy and theology. Ghaznawhdes government was one of themost important governments that ruled the entire of this land duringtheir authority. in this article, it has been attempted to survey andanalyze the role of Ghaznawides in the development of philosophy andtheology in Khorasan and Transoxania which led to the suppression ofphilosophy, Ismailism and Mutazilites, and strengthening of theologicalcastes of karramites and Ashrites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Spatial and temporal analysis of heat waves in razavi khorasan
رضا دوستانAtmospheric and climate risks are the most destructive and the deadliest natural disasters around the world which lead to life destruction, financial and social losses.(neutral,1999). Materials and Methods: In this study, daily maximum temperature data from 10 synoptic MoreAtmospheric and climate risks are the most destructive and the deadliest natural disasters around the world which lead to life destruction, financial and social losses.(neutral,1999). Materials and Methods: In this study, daily maximum temperature data from 10 synoptic stations for April to September in khorasan razavi during the period (2010, 1987) and the annual, seasonal and monthly examined. At the time of heat waves in Khorasan using the 95th percentile indicator, temperature thresholds separately for each station of the year (2010, 1987) annually, quarterly or monthly revealed then the frequency of the number of days that were greater than the maximum temperature of the ninth percentile data for each of the annual, quarterly and monthly examined. Also in this study, the 1990 and 2000 season spring and summer stations Khorasan study compared the spatial continuity of the three-day heat waves and more temperature exceeds 95 (Gosling et al, 2007: 525-540) station Khorasan Razavi annual, seasonal specific zoning maps were prepared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Implementing climate classification system architecture In Khorasan Razavi
سعید کامیابیArchitecture design with climate data and making it possible location is the thermal requirements. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate climate classification and its compliance with the principles of vernacular architecture in Khorasan Razavi province ofte MoreArchitecture design with climate data and making it possible location is the thermal requirements. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate climate classification and its compliance with the principles of vernacular architecture in Khorasan Razavi province often introverted architecture, first by extracting climatic elements needed in four climate classification system (coupons, Ivanov, Emberger and Demarton ), during a time interval to most cities in Khorasan Razavi province took place This research was an analytical descriptive compilation along with a look at the survey and survey longitudinal approach (continuous) is done The use of methods to assess climate classification architecture compatible with the climate and conditions of vernacular architecture for cities in Khorasan Razavi province were provided in tables and maps Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Survey on Synoptic Patterns of Heavy Summer Rain happening in the northern areas of Khorasan
علیرضا Bani-VahabIn order to investigate and analyze the synoptic patterns in relation to heavysummer rain happening in the northern areas of Khorasan Province during 2001-2002,the earth surface pressure maps and the 500 mb ones were examined .The most significant patterns that were in MoreIn order to investigate and analyze the synoptic patterns in relation to heavysummer rain happening in the northern areas of Khorasan Province during 2001-2002,the earth surface pressure maps and the 500 mb ones were examined .The most significant patterns that were in coordination with the real flood happeningwere as follows:High pressure of the Caspian Sea, the higher atmosphere level trough, Kavir plainlow pressure, combination of polar and subtropical jet stream. Out of 18 cases understudy, 44.4 % including 8 cases, were about high pressure of the Caspian Sea andnorth flows over this sea, 27.7% including 5 cases, were concerned with higheratmosphere level trough, 11.1% including 2 cases, were related to Kavir plain lowpressure, and 16.2% including 3 cases, were due to a combination of polar andsubtropical jet stream .The patterns related to high pressure of the Caspian Sea and Kavir plain lowpressure have happened in the hottest summer days and higher atmosphere leveltrough with a combination of polar and subtropical jet stream occurred in spring . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Analysing spatial justice of transportation and relationship at geography of boundry provinces (case study: north Khorasan province)
Hassan Esmaeilzadeh Azam Kaffash Samira Heidary Jaber Rooy delSince public civil services structure the form and the skeletal, social and spatial essence of thecity, the present research aims to investigate the distribution of public civil services based onspatial justice in North Khorasan Province as a case study. In order to ana MoreSince public civil services structure the form and the skeletal, social and spatial essence of thecity, the present research aims to investigate the distribution of public civil services based onspatial justice in North Khorasan Province as a case study. In order to analyze the distributionof the indexes of transportation, 8 sub-indexes from transportation, warehouse andcommunication have been applied. The current research is practical and its method isdescriptive-analytical. To analyze them, safe descaling method; to weight them, Shannonentropy index; and to rank the cities, VIKOR Model have been applied. The results show thattransportation services and VIKOR Model for communication have not been distributedequally throughout the province; so that, Bojnord has the highest and Maneh and Samalqanhave the lowest possible level of access to the distributed services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The analysis and forecasting of climatic fluctuation of khorasan
Alireza BanivahebConcerning the drought being experienced recently and its effect on planning, and economical, agricultural fields and the demands on predicting and applying different models for decision making, Markov Chains model was applied in Khorasan at Mashhad , Torbat Heydarieh , MoreConcerning the drought being experienced recently and its effect on planning, and economical, agricultural fields and the demands on predicting and applying different models for decision making, Markov Chains model was applied in Khorasan at Mashhad , Torbat Heydarieh , Birjand and Bojnord stations . This model studies the phenomena which depend on the previous ones. Here, we have studied the possibility of the occurrence of dry and wet days ( wetness threshold of 0.1 mm) , the cold days ( below ) and warm days ( above 25C) . Finally , two analyses were done using Markov Chains model. Also, for predicting 1 to 10 day periods , Xn=Pn-1 × q from statistical distribution was applied and the data was presented in the form of equiprobable maps . To analyze the provided data and maps , SPSS and SURFER softwares were applied . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating the role of educational and social factors affecting the development of saffron business clusters in South Khorasan province
rayhaneh riyahi Sayed Mehdi Mirdamadi Seyed Jamal Hosseini Maryam Omidi najafabadiThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of educational-promotional and social factors affecting the development of saffron business clusters in South Khorasan province. The statistical population of the research consists of managers, as MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of educational-promotional and social factors affecting the development of saffron business clusters in South Khorasan province. The statistical population of the research consists of managers, assistants and marketers of saffron processing centers and saffron sales centers of saffron business clusters in South Khorasan, whose number is 987 people. The sample population was equal to 278 people, and the necessary information was collected using a questionnaire. SPSS and AMOS software and structural equation analysis were used for data analysis. The inferential findings of the research showed the complete compliance of the measured factors with the existing theoretical models and the complete consistency between the theoretical constructs and the experimental constructs of the research. Accordingly, the educational role of promotion in the theoretical model was confirmed in ten dimensions and the social role of promotion in five dimensions in the final models. In the educational sector, the most important items affecting the development of saffron business clusters are "holding specialized seminars and familiarizing investors with the capacity of saffron", "establishing internal and external exhibitions to display saffron products" and "using virtual networks to advertise saffron products." " and in the social sector, the most important factors affecting the development of saffron business clusters are "creating culture about the place of saffron in the household food basket" and "investment risk for saffron product". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Climatic Zoning of South Khorasan Province With GIS Software
hamid reza golkar hamzee yazd mohammad rezayinezhad mojtaba tavousiClimatic classification of geographical areas from the distant past has been done. With the difference that in the past the traditional methods and GIS technology today with the advancement of modern methods are used. As well as the use of multiple climatic parameters i MoreClimatic classification of geographical areas from the distant past has been done. With the difference that in the past the traditional methods and GIS technology today with the advancement of modern methods are used. As well as the use of multiple climatic parameters in traditional methods alone would not be cardiac regions climate reality. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have tried to use the number of parameters affecting climate and more modern methods, real climate regions of the video provider. The purpose of this article the climatic regionalization of southern Khorasan Province with the method of factor analysis and cluster and Spatial Autocorrelation and more climatic elements in determining the type of weather for the area to be incorporated.To improve the results of climatic regionalization of synoptic meteorological stations facts and climatological was used. For this purpose a matrix 34 * 11 Includes 7 synoptic station and 4 climatological station. The results of this analysis showed that climate affected province of 6 factors in order of importance are, Temp (temperature), humidity of the atmosphere, windy- dust, Frost, rainy, sunny (radiation). The exercise component of about 96.5 percent of the interpretation of climatological behaviour. Cluster analysis on the factors mentioned there are 6 region of air and water in the province showed. Semi-warm and dry temperate zone, Hot and arid area, Hot and dry semi-desert area, Cold and semi-arid mountainous area, Wilderness area, Hot and dry desert area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - System Dynamic Modeling of Scenarios for the Protection of Groundwater Resources in Drought Conditions in South Khorasan Province, Iran
Mostafa Teimoori Sayed Mehdi Mirdamadi Sayed Jamal Farajolah Hosseini Samad Rahimi Sooreh Mohamad ALI Afshar kazemiBackground and Aim: The purpose of this research is to model scenarios for the protection of underground water resources in South Khorasan province in drought conditions. Methods: In this regard, this problem was followed using the system dynamics approach and the beha MoreBackground and Aim: The purpose of this research is to model scenarios for the protection of underground water resources in South Khorasan province in drought conditions. Methods: In this regard, this problem was followed using the system dynamics approach and the behavior of the reference variable "Volume of underground water resources of South Khorasan Province" was simulated against different scenarios during the years 2013 to 2014 through the use of Vensim software. The required information was collected by referring to relevant organizations such as South Khorasan Regional Water Organization, South Khorasan Agricultural Jihad Organization and Iran Statistics Center, and the input data of the model was called into the model in the form of an Excel file. Results: The results of the research showed that applying the control scenario of water resources exploitation in normal drought conditions and drought with low intensity is useful, but applying this scenario in drought conditions of more than 20% will have negative effects on the economic indicators of the agricultural sector. Also, the fourth scenario of the cultivation pattern (emphasis on strategic crops) along with the fifth scenario of the cultivation pattern (drought-resistant crops) have brought the least pressure on underground water resources. Nevertheless, considering that cultivation pattern No. 4 has created the least added value, it cannot be an efficient pattern. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, if the severity of droughts increases in the coming years, but the current agricultural conditions of South Khorasan province continue in terms of cropping patterns, droughts will not have an effect on economic indicators, because in these conditions, farmers By breaking the ground and extracting more from underground water sources, they will compensate for the lack of rainfall and will show the negative effects of drought on the stock of underground water resources. Considering the effect of the cultivation pattern on underground water resources and economic indicators, it is necessary to think of measures to change the cultivation pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation of the role of drought in frequency of dust in Khorasan Razavi province
mehdi boroghani Hamidreza moradi Mohamadali Zangane Asadi Sima PourhashemiBackground and Objective: In arid and semi-arid regions dust phenomenon occurs frequently. These phenomenon seriously affects the human health, soil erosion, desertification and transport. Drought is one of the natural phenomena that decrease precipitation, reduce veget MoreBackground and Objective: In arid and semi-arid regions dust phenomenon occurs frequently. These phenomenon seriously affects the human health, soil erosion, desertification and transport. Drought is one of the natural phenomena that decrease precipitation, reduce vegetation and increase dust in case study. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the number of dust events and climatic drought. Method: In this study, SPI index was used to estimate drought. Rainfall data for the years 1980-2010 and data of the dust for the years 2004-2010 were analyzed. The zoning dust and drought in the same period (2010-2004) was performed using the Kriging method in ArcGIS software. Findings: The results of zoning the occurrence of dust and drought suggest that the greatest number of dust events (226 dust events) and severe drought happened in the province in 2008. Also, in 2005, the lowest number of dust events (85 dust events) and wet conditions prevailed in the province. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate the direct relationship between dust event and drought, and dust event increased or decreased during the years that drought intensity increased or decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of drought in South Khorasan province (Iran) using normal precipitation index (PNPI) and standardized method index (Z)
Mohammad Hossein Jahangir Mohammad SaraniradBackground and Objective: Drought is among the natural disasters which happens in a long period of time and intermittently makes problems for human societies and consequently the economy through negative effects on water resources and agriculture compared to other natur MoreBackground and Objective: Drought is among the natural disasters which happens in a long period of time and intermittently makes problems for human societies and consequently the economy through negative effects on water resources and agriculture compared to other natural phenomena. Thus, the basic step in drought studies is to select appropriate indicators for each area based on severity, duration and magnitude of drought in the study area. The aim of this study is to select appropriate indicators to classify and determine the degree of severity of the drought and wet and to identify the drought prone regions in South Khorasan province for planning and better management of drought. The values of drought severity were calculated by the desired index for each station using Matlab software. Then, based on the tables for each index, the drought and wet intensities were determined. Method: In this study, the situation of drought in South Khorasan province was evaluated using the drought index, weather percent of normal precipitation (PNPI) and standard methods of index (Z). Since most stations do not cover the long-term (30 years) statistics of precipitation data, the available stations with the precipitation data for period of 24 years (2014- 1990) were used. Findings: PNPI index results showed that among the studied stations, Khor Birjand stations with 5 months, Boshrooyeh, Ghain and Ferdous stations with 4 months and Birjand and Nehbandan stations with 3 months has the longest wet period. Drought is in the range of moderate drought to moderate humidity in most stations. The highest Z (wet 1/84) belongs to Nehbandan station in March and most of the stations experience moderate drought in June, July, August, September and October. Discussion and Conclusion: The two methods show that the drought is in the range of moderate drought to moderate humidity in most of the stations. According to the results of hypothesis evaluation, the drought has been very severe and has led to occurrence of minimum annual precipitation. In this study, PNPI index was found to be a more appropriate index for the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Determining the tourism climatic comfort index for Khorasan Razavi province using GIS
Gholamabbas Fallah Ghalhari Hasan RezaeiBackground and Objective: This study aims to evaluate tourism development in Khorasan Razavi. Nowadays, tourism is affected by the region’s climate characteristics. Weather has an important effect on tourism and, in some areas, tourism industry can be turned into MoreBackground and Objective: This study aims to evaluate tourism development in Khorasan Razavi. Nowadays, tourism is affected by the region’s climate characteristics. Weather has an important effect on tourism and, in some areas, tourism industry can be turned into one of the most interesting industries. Some climatic elements have an important role in health, comfort, recreation and attracting tourists, while some others such as temperature, humidity, sunshine hours and wind are more important. Method: In this study, we determined suitable time for tourism in Khorasan Razavi for a period of 21 years (1999 – 2011) using Misnard climatic index by ArcGIS software to find distribution of Misnard index in the study area. The required data was obtained from Neyshabur's weather station. 175.86 ha of moderate greenness level vegetated lands to non-vegetated lands was noticed. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that September, August, and June have the most suitable conditions for tourism in this province, and January, February, December and March have the worst conditions for tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Sponge Iron production unit in Khorasan Steel Company Using Comparative Methods ETBA and JSA
Samaneh Sanjari Sahar Rezaian Seyed Ali JoziBackground and Objective: The present study was conducted in line with the manufacturers’ awareness and tendency towards minimizing the hazards associated with workplace compounded by technological developments and utilization of modern machinery leading to the in MoreBackground and Objective: The present study was conducted in line with the manufacturers’ awareness and tendency towards minimizing the hazards associated with workplace compounded by technological developments and utilization of modern machinery leading to the increase of both production rates and eventual soaring risk probabilities. Employing Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis (ETBA) methods, the study aims to assess the environmental risk of direct recovery unit. Method: The process began with identification of environmental risks associated with this unit through the abovementioned methods. After identification of risks, the strengths and weaknesses of each method were compared, and finally separate evaluations were conducted using each method. Findings: Six high-risk jobs were identified in Job Safety Analysis Method. 47 hazards were identified to be at the unacceptable risk level in 2 cases, unfavorable risk level in 28 cases and acceptable risk level in 17 cases. In Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis method, 9 types of energy were identified by using energy checklist. The most important risks associated with these energies are reduction gas leakage and increase of gas pressure inside the furnace. In this method, 17 risks were identified in to be at the unacceptable risk levelin 3 cases, unfavorable risk levelin 7 cases, acceptable upon revisit in 3 cases and acceptable with no need for revisitin 4 cases. Conclusion: Implementing the security principles based on personal observations and interviews with experts and using opinions of production experts, proposition was made to make use of a general method combining the two aforesaid methods instead of applying each method separately in orde to ensure the highest efficiency and staff safety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Improvement of Environmental Impact Assessment Using Mathematical Matrix (Case Study: Shandiz Tourism Area - Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran)
Bibi Zahra Mazloum Ali Reza Mikaeili Abdol-Rasul Salman MahinyBackground and Objective: Planning and development of tourism projects, disregarding environmental aspects and the extent of developments can lead to irreversible negative changes in the environment. Environmental impact assessment can predict many of these negative con MoreBackground and Objective: Planning and development of tourism projects, disregarding environmental aspects and the extent of developments can lead to irreversible negative changes in the environment. Environmental impact assessment can predict many of these negative consequences and can provide corrective measures before the project is implemented. Method: Matrix, if done appropriatly, can be the most common assessment method because of its simplicity, efficiency and comprehensiveness. To upgrade the impact assessment through matrix, mathematical matrix can be applied to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the original matrix. Findings: Mathematical matrix was designed as it included magnitude, spatial extent, duration, synergy, cumulative, controversy, impacts compensation and significance in columns and 50 environmental factors in the rows. In the next step, every environmental factor was compared with the project activities and scored in the range of ±1 to ±9. Then, the final number of effects was determined using sum positive and negative effects of the significant effects. Also, the minimum, maximum and final values for positive and negative effects of the project were determined considering the weight for each group of the effects according to their significance in the range of low to high. Conclusion: Mathematical matrix has more realistic and more logical results as it considers other effects of development projects in the region by cumulative criterion and synergism criterion, using the opinion of experts and decision makers by controversial criterion and considering reform and reduction operations by compensation criterion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Assessment of quantity and management on medical wastes of South Khorasan province during 2014 -2015
Elham Yousefi Zeynab Karimzadeh Motlag Fatemeh Doagoyan Morteza NakhainejadBackground and Aims: This article is intended to update the statistics and medical information of South Khorasan province in the number of hospitals, health centers, clinics and physicians' offices, the amount and type of waste produced and way of collection and destruc MoreBackground and Aims: This article is intended to update the statistics and medical information of South Khorasan province in the number of hospitals, health centers, clinics and physicians' offices, the amount and type of waste produced and way of collection and destruction of these centers the county of the province has been divided.Materials and Methodology: Collecting data and monitoring the province's medical wastes. Visitors and monitored for three weeks and review the management of medical waste and getting information from the authorities was performed.Results: The total quantity mean of waste generated in the Medical waste of Province are 228/1537 kg/day. This amount for infectious and sharp, pathological and chemical-pharmaceutical wastes are 1490.84, 13.39 and 33.998 kg/day respectively. The type of medical waste (infectious and sharp, pathological and chemical-pharmaceutical wastes) for hospitals by 1106, 12.33 and 28.695, medical centers 182.47, 0, 0.438, clinic 158.65, 0, 1.56, laboratories 21.73, 1.06, 1.08 and offices 21.99, 0 and 2.225 kg per day.Conclusion: According to the 1044 number of beds in these facilities, the per capita production of waste per bed per day, compared to the national average of 1.098 kg is estimated that the situation is better. According to a survey conducted, the least amount of problem is in government waste producing centers and in the field of infectious waste. Also in connection with the chemical and pharmaceutical wastes existence a program written in province in regarding the management and destruction of is much felt. Finally, it can be said that most of the problems is in the field of private sector producer of medical waste, the organization and its management is being implemented and it is hoped that this path be taken more quickly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the Environmental Effects of Ecotourism and the Role of Environmental Education in Reducing its Destructive Effects(Case study: South Khorasan province)
qazaleh daliri Ahmad NohegarIncreasing the number of tourists with the high ecological potential of a region can have devastating and irreversible effects on the host or destination community or lead to a decrease in the quality of the tourism experience. Ethical codes also have their own complexi MoreIncreasing the number of tourists with the high ecological potential of a region can have devastating and irreversible effects on the host or destination community or lead to a decrease in the quality of the tourism experience. Ethical codes also have their own complexities and must be carefully considered. If this is not taken into the account, environmental and social problems will plague society and if the environment is destroyed, the greatest harm is to man himself, who is in fact in conflict with sustainable development. Conservation means both the care and rational use of natural resources; therefore, ecotourism is sustainable that responds to the needs of today's generation and also considers the needs of future generations. The present study is an applied research that, considering the cases mentioned, has investigated the environmental effects of ecotourism in South Khorasan province and the position of environmental education in reducing its destructive effects. This means that it covers all the needs of the host and host community and benefits both parties. The method of review is through observation, interview and review of available documents, which first refers to the tourism potentials of this province as well as the problems that have been encountered due to the development of ecotourism. Finally, environmental education has been discussed as the best and most effective way to inform and create a sense of responsibility among the community, especially those who enter it with the aim of protecting nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The estimated cost of the dam water crisis Khorasan plains forbidden and prohibited
Fatemeh Rahmani Hosein AnsariMore than 90 percent of the water supply used in agriculture the idea is that the water is low relative prices of inputs used in agriculture compared with other factors caused the loss of incentives for investment in water technology rather than traditional technology a MoreMore than 90 percent of the water supply used in agriculture the idea is that the water is low relative prices of inputs used in agriculture compared with other factors caused the loss of incentives for investment in water technology rather than traditional technology available today and is not saving water. Thus, the water balance of the price mechanism is suggested. This study aimed at dams along the plains of prohibited and restricted water pricing crisis Khorasan this study methods of engineering economics, and simple interest rate of 15%, taking into account inflation and the interest rate is about 30.38 percent. This study estimated the average price of water in dams' simple interest rate, 980.46 Rials and 12,137.4 Rials is estimated inflation rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Comparative Study of "Abu Muslim Nameh" by Abu Tahre al-Tarsusi and Abu Muslim al – Khorasani by Jurji Zaydan
Asgar Babazadeh Aqdam Hossein Tak Tabar FirouzjaeiNarration and recounting about Abu Muslim Khorasani and his uprising have always been the literati and historians and each described it according to their own understanding and attitude. Amongst all two Arabic and Persian literati – Jurji Zaydan and Abu Taher Tars MoreNarration and recounting about Abu Muslim Khorasani and his uprising have always been the literati and historians and each described it according to their own understanding and attitude. Amongst all two Arabic and Persian literati – Jurji Zaydan and Abu Taher Tarsusi have studied Abu Muslim issue with a special attitude and offered various concepts as well as contradict ones. According to his status, the present paper intends to compare the structure and the content of Abu Muslim Khorasani and Abu Muslim Nameh's stories. The results show that there is no evidence of effect and affect between two stories. The real character of Abu Muslim has been distorted somehow in both works; Zeaydan has been more successful in considering the form and content both rather than Tarsusi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Assessment of the Effects of the Natural Environment of Khurassan and Shiraz on the Formation and Elevation of Epic and Sonnet
Hajar Jokar Maryam Parhizkari Seyed Jafar HamidiGreat Khorasan and Persian literature have an irrefrangible linkage. Wherever we talk about literature, poets, authors and great literary works, it is undoubtedly associated with one of the cities of Khorasan. This wide area is considered as a proper place for the growt MoreGreat Khorasan and Persian literature have an irrefrangible linkage. Wherever we talk about literature, poets, authors and great literary works, it is undoubtedly associated with one of the cities of Khorasan. This wide area is considered as a proper place for the growth, development and evolution of different literary works and literary genres due to its natural properties and special situation. Epic is one of the literary genres embedded in Khorasan, and Tous is considered as the cradle of this ancient literary type. Shiraz is also a city whose name is associated with sonnet and Persian sonnet due to great poets such as Sa’di and Hafiz reached its summit in this city. Khorasan and Shiraz are considered as the best places for formation and elevation of sonnet and epic in Iran. Based on Holy Qoran and Nahjol Belagheh and viewpoints of thinkers such as Ace Sina, Ibn – e Khaldoun, Montesquieu, the present study aims to explore the impact of natural environment of Khorasan and Shiraz on the evolution of sonnet and epic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Designing a Conceptual Model for an Innovative University with a Focus on the Organizational Learning Approach (A Case Study of Islamic Azad Universities of North Khorasan)
Maryam Gholipour Roya Afrassiabi Mahmmod Ghorbani Maryam HafezianThe present study was conducted with the intention of designing a conceptual model for an innovative university with a focus on the organizational learning approach in the Islamic Azad universities of North Khorasan. To carry out the study, the mixed-method was applied MoreThe present study was conducted with the intention of designing a conceptual model for an innovative university with a focus on the organizational learning approach in the Islamic Azad universities of North Khorasan. To carry out the study, the mixed-method was applied and the target population was the experts in the field of management of whom 20 subjects were selected as the expert panel. By applying the ‘theme analysis’, interview protocol, and qualitative data analysis software ‘NVIVO’, the data of the qualitative phase was analyzed.The findings indicated that, based on the experts’ opinions, an innovative university among North Khorasan universities possessed 139 free codes that were grouped into 27 axial codes. Finally they were classified into 10 selective codes. To measure and confirm the validity of the qualitative phase of the study, the investigator-triangulation was used where two university professors of management analyzed and judged the process and the instrument. To continue the study procedures, the questionnaire for the quantitative phase was developed whose face and content validity and reliability were confirmed by employing the Cronbach’s alpha. Thence, the questionnaire was administered to 124 faculty members of North Khorasan Islamic Azad universities, and the findings obtained from the quantitative section of the study indicated that the status-quo of the innovative university and organizational learning approach indices was far below average. Based on the structural equation analysis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation of Antioxidant Activity in Seed, Peel and Juice Extracts of Some Samples Iranian Pomegranate
Gholam Reza NajafiObjective: In this research, a study was performed on several pomegranate populations from different cities of Iran, including: Qom, Saveh, Khorasan and Yazd (Qajagh poand black seed of Qom, Yazd Mikhosh and Khorasan glass pomegranate). For this purpose, characteristics MoreObjective: In this research, a study was performed on several pomegranate populations from different cities of Iran, including: Qom, Saveh, Khorasan and Yazd (Qajagh poand black seed of Qom, Yazd Mikhosh and Khorasan glass pomegranate). For this purpose, characteristics such as the amount and type of compounds in the juice, antioxidant activity and evaluation of the active ingredients of tannins and flavonoids were considered.Material and Methods: In order to extract the juice, water and dried peel of the plant were drenched separately in water and methanol. The solvent was separated using a rotary and after drying the extract by vacuum oven, the samples were used in the antioxidant test of free radical reduction methods (DPPH).Results: The results of antioxidant test showed that sweet-and-sour Saveh pomegranate peel extract has the highest antioxidant effect in methanol solvent. Tannin test was performed on black seeds of Qom and Yazd. So, it was found that black seed pomegranate of Qom has the highest amount of tannin compounds. Based on the results of flavonoid test, black seed pomegranate had the highest amount. Finally, the chemical composition of black seed juice in Qom province was identified.Conclusion: These results showed that Qom black seed pomegranate has large amounts of natural sugars. Also, by comparing the amount of tannin in the samples, it was observed that the total amount in the sample of Yazd pomegranate is more than Qom black seed, but the amount of flavonoids in Qom black seed is more than Yazd pomegranate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The image of Khorasan in the thought and poems of the prince of poets Bahar
Seyedeh Shabnam Lajevardi Zadeh Mohammad Hesaraki Mansooreh AhmadijafariIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has MoreIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has a great passion for Khorasan. Among the motives that have led to composing poetry about the land of Khorasan in Bahar poems, we can mention religious, cultural, political, historical and love for the homeland and homeland. The purpose of this study is to clarify the dimensions of spring thought and motivations in the context of Khorasan, as well as the frequency of mention of Khorasan in his poems. This article has analyzed the Divan Poems Divan based on format and themes by analytical-descriptive method and while emphasizing the frequency of Khorasan motif in selected poems, has reached the conclusion that Khorasan in his poem is sometimes homeland. Sometimes it is his father's house and sometimes it is the place where he grew up. Also, the reflection and influence of Khorasan in the thought and poems of Bahar is the main pillar of his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - «M. Omid »A study and analysis of the poetry and prose of Mehdi Akhavan Sales
mina hafiziksdjksksdjks Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The role of the Crimean Prince in the content-making of poetry of Khorasani style poets
maryam dianatkhah Abolqasem RadfarOne of the important features of the poetry of Khorasani style poets is the use of vocabulary and scientific terminology and their utilization for theatricalization. Khorasani style poets began to use various sciences such as astronomy, medicine, botany, zoology and min MoreOne of the important features of the poetry of Khorasani style poets is the use of vocabulary and scientific terminology and their utilization for theatricalization. Khorasani style poets began to use various sciences such as astronomy, medicine, botany, zoology and mineralogy. In this article, the vocabulary, terminology, similes, metaphors, and themes made with some of the Crimean-like craters (Diamond, Piroozheh, Zar, Zomar, Oghigh, Lal, and Ruby) are reviewed and the scientific and literary issues raised about This Crimean ruin is analyzed in the vaults of Rudaki Samarghandi, Ferdowsi Tusi, Farrokhi Sistani, Eleanori, Manouchehri Damghani, Fakhroudin Asad Gorgani, Asadi Tusi and Naser Khosrow Ghobadi, and with the ancient scientific books of ancient mineralogy, including military jewelery, the oldest jewel The letter is in Persian in 592 AH. Ah After Al-Jamir Abourihān Exterior, Jame Al-ulum (Sattani), the oldest encyclopedia in which the science of al-Jawahr is scientifically independent, is written by Abu al-Jawahir and Al-Nefais al-Ta'ayeb, written by Abolqasem Abdullah Kashani, and by the name of the Ilkhani script and other works. Has been adapted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Sociological Study of Religious Tourism in Khorasan Province
Hamid Reza Karimi Dermani Fariba Mir Eskandari -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluation of the Phantasm and Branding of Tourism Destinations (case study: South Khorasan Province, Iran)
Mohammad Eskandari Sani Ebrahim Rezaei -
Open Access Article
38 - The Analysis of Symbolic Allegories of Horse in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
hasan tajikmohamdiyeh ata mohammad radmanesh Mehrdad ChatrayiThe horse in Persian literature and culture has a special position. In Avesta text and ancient Persian literature the horse has been praised. The Iranian poets, sufists, wits, intelligent, kings, leaders, warriors, farmers, battalion, and religious messengers   MoreThe horse in Persian literature and culture has a special position. In Avesta text and ancient Persian literature the horse has been praised. The Iranian poets, sufists, wits, intelligent, kings, leaders, warriors, farmers, battalion, and religious messengers considered it as the symbol of fortune, luck, wisdom, and sharpness. The presence of horse in culture and ancient history of Iran Has been presented in the different images that inscriptions, silver and golden tablets, engraved stones of Achaemenian era This is the importance and special attention to this beautiful and mythological animal and on the earthen tablets of Dariush’s era also have been presented names of great horses of the country of Iran The horse also has special position in the Islamic culture. In the epical, ancient and mythological narratology-which guarantee hero’s adventure and the future events- the horse has the most important symbolic animal usages Which like all none human elements of mythological world, has got a human identification and its symbol only can Be studied in the ancient texts. For analyzing of the rule of this animal in developing the hero’s position, symbolic and mythological horses’ position In the narratology of heroes’ mythological lives which are in the different cultures and tribes we have some more similar samples that are always being considered. Personnifying horses and dedicating allegorical roles to them, Hakim Abulqasem Ferdowsi contributed to attraction and value of most of his Shahnameh stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Allegoric in Mirza Habib Khorasani’s Poem
Saeideh Saki entezami Mohammad Yousefvand Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniIn this article, by considering the allegory, the poems of Mirza Habib Khorasani are discussed with the concepts based on the contrast between reason and love and body and soul. The poems in which allegory is created by using simile. From ancient times, allegory has bee MoreIn this article, by considering the allegory, the poems of Mirza Habib Khorasani are discussed with the concepts based on the contrast between reason and love and body and soul. The poems in which allegory is created by using simile. From ancient times, allegory has been one of the important rhetorical devices of poets and they have tried to use it. Mirza Habib Khorasani also uses allegories that have visual meaning and thought. First, he attempts to create images in poetry in order to fantasize it and create pleasure in the audience. The poet uses his image to express his emotional perceptions; second, he attempts to convey and transfer the message; in fact, any allegory with the meaning of the thought has a message that transmits it to the audience. This type of allegory is used to understand the abstract concepts of sense to explain it. This article is done in a librarian way and through a descriptive-analytical method in the poem of Mirza Habib Khorasani. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Allegory function in poems of khorasani style
vida shirkavand Ahmad KhatemiIn Persian rhetoric, allegory phrase includes a large semantic field that in folds compound likelihood, proverb, equations of equation, adage, storytelling's and code tales. Allegory roots in rationality and thought, there fore its relationship with wisdom texts is a di MoreIn Persian rhetoric, allegory phrase includes a large semantic field that in folds compound likelihood, proverb, equations of equation, adage, storytelling's and code tales. Allegory roots in rationality and thought, there fore its relationship with wisdom texts is a direct relationship. In Persian literature history, poets of khorasani style benefited from allegorical themes related to the instructional degree of their poems in order to express their intentions. In this work, the inclination rate of each poets of this period is documented by using allegory and reading thirty percent of verses of each poem and collecting the finding and evidences with the help of stylistics standards, frequency and drawing a chart. The first poets of this period have largely used allegorical alphabets and "ersalolmasal" and through time other types of allegory emerges in poems of late poets of this period. They used informed me thod for metaphor and indirect expression of their thoughts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Identify indicators affecting economic education with entrepreneurship approach in the primary education of North Khorasan province
somayeh Bashirian Mahboubeh Soleimanpour Omran Roya AfrasiabiThe purpose of the current research is to identify the effective indicators on economic education with an entrepreneurial approach in the primary education period of North Khorasan. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, which was carried out with a MoreThe purpose of the current research is to identify the effective indicators on economic education with an entrepreneurial approach in the primary education period of North Khorasan. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, which was carried out with a qualitative approach with an exploratory design. The statistical population included 20 faculty members and experts familiar with education and training and experts in the fields of entrepreneurship and economics, and 15 people were selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method and considering the saturation law. The components of the model of economic education with an entrepreneurial approach were identified using semi-structured interviews and open coding. To measure the qualitative validity, the peer review method was used. Retest reliability and intra-subject agreement method were used to calculate the reliability of the conducted interviews. A total of 112 indicators were identified in four dimensions and 11 components. The results showed that the main components are under the title of individual and personal aspects with themes (recognition of capabilities and talents, planning and goal orientation, creativity and innovation in problem perception and solving it), culture and economic ethics (principle of purposefulness and motivation of the problem, justice and commitment to legalism, principle of benevolence and attention to spirituality), economic concepts and causes (market opportunities and its mechanisms, financial literacy and its tools, literacy economic and its concepts) and social skills (communication skills, management and networking ability). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Estimate of potential evapotranspiration in Freiman using the priestiley-taylor method and remote sensing technique
Mosayeb Moqbeli Dameneh Seyed Hossein SanaeinejadEvapotranspiration is one of the important components of water balance which is measured and estimated by several methods. Since these methods mainly involve point-by-point measuring and requiring a large amount of grounded data, so they have limitations. In this study, MoreEvapotranspiration is one of the important components of water balance which is measured and estimated by several methods. Since these methods mainly involve point-by-point measuring and requiring a large amount of grounded data, so they have limitations. In this study, potential evapotranspiration for 8 days in 2014, 2015 and 2016 was estimated using the Priestley-Taylor method and remote sensing technique in Fariman area in Khorasan Razavi province using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). To determine the accuracy of the estimates, the results of this study were compared with the FAO Penman-Monteith method (the reference method for estimating potential evapotranspiration). Comparison of the obtained results by the Priestley-Taylor method with the FAO Penman-Monteith method showed that the R2 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are 0.91 and 0.78 mm/d, respectively. This result indicates that the high accuracy of this method in estimating potential evapotranspiration in a semi-arid climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Monitoring of spatio-temporal indices on desertification in arid regions of south of Khorasan Razavi province
Soroor Davari Alireza Rashki Morteza Akbari Aliasghar TalebanfardDesertification is one of the most complex environmental threats with negative effects on the socioeconomic that play an increasing role in the severity of land degradation over the times. This study was carried out to monitoring the spatiotemporal variability of the cr MoreDesertification is one of the most complex environmental threats with negative effects on the socioeconomic that play an increasing role in the severity of land degradation over the times. This study was carried out to monitoring the spatiotemporal variability of the criteria and indices effective on desertification in an arid region in the south of Khorasan Razavi province. Primary data, such as climatic parameters, vegetation, geology, soil, groundwater and surface water, agriculture and socioeconomic data were collected and introduced into the GIS environment, and a geobiofacies unit map was prepared. Then, desertification intensity was calculated by using the Iranian Model for Desertification Potential Assessment (IMDPA). Evaluations of indices were done based on available data and maps, expert opinions and satellite imagery in a GIS environment. The results showed the desertification severity being in two classes of medium and severe with 77% and 22%, respectively. Periodic monitoring of the effective indices on desertification also showed that low precipitation over the past 25 years 1984-2009 has caused increasing drylands and droughts. Assessment of land use changes during 10 years 2001-2011 indicated decreasing 6% in rangelands and an increase in agriculture, which was mainly due to 1.5% population growth rate during the years 1986 to 2011. The excessive removal of groundwater aquifers also caused a 10% drop in the wells water levels, resulting in increased land salinity as well as an increase in wind erosion in more than 93% of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analysis relation of vegetation cover on the number of dust event in Khorasan Razavi using geographic information system and remote sensing
Sima Pourhashemi Mehdi Boroghani Mohammad Ali Zangane Asadi Abolghasem Amir AhmadiDust phenomenon is one of the climatic hazards in arid and semi-arid regions of the world that usually brings damages to human life and properties. In recent decades due to long droughts in Iran, the number of dust event increased and affected many cities and villages. MoreDust phenomenon is one of the climatic hazards in arid and semi-arid regions of the world that usually brings damages to human life and properties. In recent decades due to long droughts in Iran, the number of dust event increased and affected many cities and villages. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vegetation and relationship with dust events in Khorasan Razavi province during 2004-2013 using Geographic information system (GIS) and Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The data of dusty days in the region synoptic stations were provided from Meteorological Organization and the frequency of dusty days in different seasons were determined. Using the method of Normal Kriging in GIS, dusty days were zoned in the province. Vegetation map area, were provided using MODIS image in ENVI®4.8 software. The results showed closed relations between the number of dust event and vegetation distribution. In addition, decreasing of vegetations caused the increasing of the number of dust event. Results showed the number of dust event increased during the recent years and in 2008 and 2005 were recorded as the most and the least number of dust event respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Various Dimensions of Junaid and Hallaj Dispute in the Light of Khorasan and Baghdad Schools of Sufism
Shokrollah Pouralkhas Ahmad Jabari Farshid BagheriThe effect of the geographical environment on human thinking is a remarkable matter. Islamic Sufism with entering the geographical area of Iran faced new challenges. Iranian mystics and scholars, with a new reading of religion and Quran led the Islamic world gradually t MoreThe effect of the geographical environment on human thinking is a remarkable matter. Islamic Sufism with entering the geographical area of Iran faced new challenges. Iranian mystics and scholars, with a new reading of religion and Quran led the Islamic world gradually to polarization. Soon after, Sufistic romance of Khorasan School was put in opposition to tradition-based Sufism of Baghdad School. Confrontation of these two schools penetrated into fields of thought, politics and society as well. The peak of this conflict was in the death of Hallaj and also the approach the followers of Baghdad and Khorasan schools chose toward that issue. In this study, we discuss the causes and the nature of the confrontation between these two schools. Then, with regard to the importance of Hallaj issue, after investigating the dimensions of Hallaj dispute with Junaid, it became clear that the divergence between these two great mystics had roots in the confrontation of Baghdad and Khorasan schools. These two persons had fundamental disagreements about important issues such as: 1. the political thought, the border between interpretation and explanation of Quran, 3. the meaning of Oneness 4. the conscious rationality and unconsious pondering 5. Arabian servitude and Persian justice- seeking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Intra-species genetic diversity between different populations of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato in North Khorasan province useing RAPD -PCR
Ghasem Fadavi Khalajlo Esmat Mahdikhani Moghadam Hamid RouhaniIn order to identify of root-knot nematodes in tomato of North Khorasan province, during 2009-2010, 21 populations of M. javanica collected from roots of tomato plants. Morphological studies on perineal patterns of adult females and morphometrical characters of J2s did MoreIn order to identify of root-knot nematodes in tomato of North Khorasan province, during 2009-2010, 21 populations of M. javanica collected from roots of tomato plants. Morphological studies on perineal patterns of adult females and morphometrical characters of J2s did not revealed conspectus polymorphism between different populations of M. javanica. In order to investigating genetic diversity of M. javanica, purification and multiplication of each population were done on susceptible tomato (Red colud cultivar). Eggs and second stage juveniles were isolated from each root and supposed one population. Genomic DNA extracted Morphological studies were assessed by species specific primers. The genetic diversity of populations were studied by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with ten 10 mer primers. After amplification, PCR-products were separated by electrophoresis on 1.7℅ gel. DNA bands were scored as 1(presence band) or 0(absence band) in excel and NTSYS software by UPGMA method and dendrograms were constructed based on cluster analysis. The clustering at the 73℅ disagreement level revealed five groups. Based on the global result, RAPD marker could show 73 percent similarity and 27 percent difference between populations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Occurance of pear and apple blast disease in Razavy and North Khorasan Provinces
Esfandiar Zohour ParalakDuring 2006-2009 canker symptom and blast in pear (Pyrus communis) and apple(Malus communis) trees were observed in several orchards. The symptoms partly resembled to fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, except for the absence of gum exudation the affected t MoreDuring 2006-2009 canker symptom and blast in pear (Pyrus communis) and apple(Malus communis) trees were observed in several orchards. The symptoms partly resembled to fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, except for the absence of gum exudation the affected tissues. A gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium was consistently isolated from affected tissues. All colonies produced levan on SNA(Sucrose nutrient Agar). Fluorescent pigment was produced on King,s B medium. Strains were catalase positive, oxidase and arginine dihydrolase negaative and did not rot potato tuber slices. They showed negative reaction for starch and esculin hydrolysis, production of acetoin, indole and H2S. Six strains produced syringomycin and a hypersensitive reaction in tobacco and geranium. Froctuse, glucose, galactose, sucrose, mannose, mannitol, glycerol, citrate, fumarate, succinate and lactate used as carbon sources. No strain utilized maltose, inulin, starch, dextrin, oxalate, formate or benzoate. Based on these and additional characteristics, the strains were identified as pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. Pathogenicity tests on twings and seedlings of a local cultivar of pear was performed by two strains. This is the first report of apple blast occurence in Iran Manuscript profile -
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48 - Literary and artistic applications of letter Alif in the area of Persian literature (by relying on poets' poetry anvari and poets' poetry with Khorasani style. (
Golamreza Heidari'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical More'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical literature, Alif represents unique God, Holy Spirit, God's mercy; Adam's the father, abstract sphere, solitude, and the single mystery and etc. Due to its special form and position and some other unique features, letter Alif is one of the most used letters in order to create the original themes and poetic areas, mot and elegant expressions and compounds in Persian literature, poetry with Khorasani style.Alif is a leading in most of poetry by these poets meanings like consistent and firm colossal stature, handsomeness, oblong, tense and stretched. It also signifies greatness, proud and honor, slimness, uprightness, stability, resistance, persistence, staunchness, loyalty, faithfulness and standing on one's promise. Alif has fallen in love with its stature. Since Alif has accent-like sign overhead, it is rebellious. Despite having tongue, it is dumb and silent. It is regarded as one of the poorest in terms of wealth among letters. It symbolizes poverty, abjection, destitution, vacancy, pauperism, beggary, inexistence, absence, loss, and self-denial. It also suggests nakedness, nudity, embarrassment, self-evidence, preparedness, distress and confusion and adornment. It carries meanings like solitude, individualism, loneliness, uniqueness, detachment, freedom, honesty, frankness, and innocence. Alif is motionless and stagnant. Its creation begins with points and dots. All letters and numbers then are founded upon this letter. Alif is the first letter of creation. It also indicates minuteness, brevity and tininess. Alif is the most common simile in Persian literature and the poetry's and prose's images or contents used in Persian literature are described. It was compared to needles, thorn, moon crescent, sticks, pens and plumes, fingers, arrows, bolts, cedars, gallows and scaffolds, newly grown whiskers or beard, half or full moon, and etc. In this article, we try to study the literary, artistic, and video applications of letter Alif in poets' poetry with Khorasani style. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Extreme value frequency analysis of annual wind for grate Khorasan
Farhad khamchin moghadam hojat Rezaee Parand Mahboobeh FarzandiThe annual fastest wind analysis of the important requirements in the design of tall building, Dams, etc. The annual fastest winds of grate Khorasan province synoptic stations selected for statistically analysis. The data were screened and the basic tests (randomness, h MoreThe annual fastest wind analysis of the important requirements in the design of tall building, Dams, etc. The annual fastest winds of grate Khorasan province synoptic stations selected for statistically analysis. The data were screened and the basic tests (randomness, homogeneity, independence, etc.) were investigated. The data of four station have outliers and not random. Five stations were not stationery and heterogeneous. The seven distribution functions Gumble type 1, gamma 2 parameters, lognormal 2 and 3 parameters, Generalized Pareto, generalized Extreme values and Pearson type 3 with five estimation methods (conventional moments, maximum likelihood, probable weighted moments, maximum entropy and modified moments) were fitted. The Ks goodness of fit test applied to determine the suitability of the chosen distribution and superior distribution. Three priorities for each station were established. Because of the physical behavior of this phenomenon is well justified. Generalized Pareto 21 times and General Extreme value 11 times were the best fitted distributions. Probability weighted moments were the best estimation methods in all distributions. Manuscript profile -
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50 - A Look at some Shared Meanings in Elegies by Rudaki and Abolhassan Tahami
mahmood mahdavi damghaniRudakiSamarghandi was a renowned and well-read Khorasani poet in the first three decades of the fourth Hegira century. He died in 329 or 330 H.G. He composed many poems. Some scholars have estimated the number to range from 130,000 to 1,300,000 poems, but a few poems ha MoreRudakiSamarghandi was a renowned and well-read Khorasani poet in the first three decades of the fourth Hegira century. He died in 329 or 330 H.G. He composed many poems. Some scholars have estimated the number to range from 130,000 to 1,300,000 poems, but a few poems have remained. Most biographers unanimously acknowledge his skill in composing different kinds of poems. There are mixed views about his being blind or being blinded and about his religious affiliation. His command of the Arabic language and literature was so high that he translated Kelileh and Demneh back into eloquent Persian poems. AbolhassanTahami was born in Taham (Mecca). Then, he migrated to Ramleh, a city in Palestine. He became theoratoer of the city. He was a very virtuous and pious man. He was famous in Khorasan and his poems were memorized by people there. He was believed to be a twelve-imam shiite. Manuscript profile -
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51 - Study on biology and distribution of biocontrol agents of the knapweed Acroptilon repens L. in South Khorasan and introduction of Metzneria paucipunctella (Zeller, 1839) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) for Iran
B. Khalil Tahmasbi S. Moodi Gh. Zamani GH. Assadi M. T. AlebrahimDuring 2011 and 2012, field studies were conducted in different parts of the South of khorasan, where contaminated to Russian knapweed to find its natural enemies. Three insect species Urophora xanthippe (Dip.: Tephritidae) and Metzneria paucipunctella Zeller (Lep.: Gel MoreDuring 2011 and 2012, field studies were conducted in different parts of the South of khorasan, where contaminated to Russian knapweed to find its natural enemies. Three insect species Urophora xanthippe (Dip.: Tephritidae) and Metzneria paucipunctella Zeller (Lep.: Gelechiidae) and Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi, 1794 (Dip.: Tephritidae( were identified. M. paucipunctella (Zeller, 1839) (Lep. Gelechiidae) is introduced for the first time for Iran and U. xanthippe (Munro, 1934) for the first time for fauna of Khorasan. Results showed that overwintering larvae of U. xanthippe become pupae in early May and converted to adult after 7/13 (d). Adults emerge from pupae and mate after 3 (h) with no feeding. Due to the high potential of head flies in reducing the number of seeds and also due to the limited host range of the knapweed, the insect can be used in biological control of knapweed. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Space Syntax Reading in Traditional Mosques of Khorasan Razavi and Its Relationship with Iranian-Islamic Wisdom
Alireza Shirkhani Khosro Sahaf hero Farkisch Dovood Choganian -
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53 - Social Behaviors Pathology in Informal Settlements of the Cities of Khorasan Razavi Province, A Case Study of Mashhad, Neyshabur, Torbat-e Jam, Sabzevar and Sarakhs Cities
Hojjat Hataminejad Hossein Hataminejad -
Open Access Article
54 - Madhoosh Golpaigani and poets with Khorasani style
Maryam Khazaeili Mehrdad Chatraei Ata Mohammad RadmaneshMohammad Sadegh Golpayegani is belletrist, poet and calligrapher the Qajar era, and teacher of Heidargholi Mirza who is the son of Fath Ali Shah Qajar. He whose poem name is Madhoosh is one of the best and most prominent men who have bounty and perfection in Golpayegan MoreMohammad Sadegh Golpayegani is belletrist, poet and calligrapher the Qajar era, and teacher of Heidargholi Mirza who is the son of Fath Ali Shah Qajar. He whose poem name is Madhoosh is one of the best and most prominent men who have bounty and perfection in Golpayegan land. Madhoosh is a poet of the literary return period. He is also famous in Arabic sciences apart from the poem and prose techniques. Madhoosh’s Koliat (collection of his poems) is a collection of essays, lyrics, odes, quatrains; in addition, it has educational writings and narratives in the form of prose that have not yet been identified as they are needed. The odes of this collection are kind of eulogy ode in the simple and fluent language and pleasant arrays. Madhoosh’s poem style is close to the Ghaznavid and Seljuk periods. Most of his odes are in the way of Anvari and Onsori and they have had the most impact on Madhoosh, but Anvari’s contribution to this effect is more prominent. He also paid more attention to Farrokhi’s poetry in using the old words and he turned his view to the first periods of Khorasani’s style in the selection of Radif. Understanding and introducing the features of the poetry needs to be studied and investigated in various aspects. The research and study of these features in the field of literary research is a necessity. Manuscript profile -
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55 - Indian style and Nezami’s Panj Ganj
Mohammad Amir Obeidiniya Vahdat Motallebi RadThe Indian style of Persian poetry originated in the 11th century. Invention of new themes, fancy, brevity, paradox, personification, and most significantly, parallelism are among the characteristics of this style of poetry. Some other literary schools such as Vasukht, MoreThe Indian style of Persian poetry originated in the 11th century. Invention of new themes, fancy, brevity, paradox, personification, and most significantly, parallelism are among the characteristics of this style of poetry. Some other literary schools such as Vasukht, or shunning the beloved, preceded and coexisted with the Indian style. Since one can find the roots of any style or literary school in the preceding ones, one can find the roots of some characteristics of the Indian style, especially parallelism, and the concept of Vasukht, in some preceding styles, such as the Azerbaijani style or in the work of some celebrated poets like Nezamis. Since from among the characteristics of the Indian style, parallelism has a special place in Nezami’s Panj Ganj, after some preliminary words about Nezami and the Indian style and a review of the concept of Vasukht and the history of parallelism in Persian literature, we show the roots of Indian style features and the concept of Vasukht in Nezami’s Panj Ganj. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Manouchehri, Astronomical Descriptions reflected in Damghani poetry
Abdolmajid Mohagheghi Hashem ArabiOne of the ways the evolution of poetry and diversification of its contents, use a variety of terms, such as medicine, astronomy ..., the myth of national, religious, historical events, verses and sayings, news and likes to show his abilities in the juice it is Shrkhvys MoreOne of the ways the evolution of poetry and diversification of its contents, use a variety of terms, such as medicine, astronomy ..., the myth of national, religious, historical events, verses and sayings, news and likes to show his abilities in the juice it is Shrkhvysh For more information about the poetry and beauty of these innovations in subsidies. In addition, scientific, literary, educational and social environment and events in the mind and puts Shartasyr poetry, some of them for trial or within Vtb fancy art and show his skill to hold their poetry from the past, and even poets poetry Masrkhvd The effects are excellent.He has been creative material world Shvd somewhat mature poetry is effective and the best representative of Ghazni age Manouchehri Damghani that nature are described in the Court's alive. He obtained his poetic images of sensory experience, its unique style that gather images and imagination are not poets before his term in nature and trend objects, things look from their perspective. Manuscript profile -
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57 - Discovering and explaining the pattern of service motivation with a spirituality-oriented approach at work using data foundation theory
Saeid Pardeh shenas Azar kafash poor Mosayeb samanianBackground and Aim: The present study aims to provide a model of service motivation with a spirituality-oriented approach at work.Method: The philosophy of this interpretive research is inductive approach, qualitative method and strategy of data foundation theory with e MoreBackground and Aim: The present study aims to provide a model of service motivation with a spirituality-oriented approach at work.Method: The philosophy of this interpretive research is inductive approach, qualitative method and strategy of data foundation theory with emerging approach. The study population was the employees of Khorasan Razavi Telecommunication Company, whose sample members were selected by snowball method, and the data were saturated from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 experts. In order to present the model, according to the analysis, the "6C" glazer family was used.Results: The results showed that the components of service motivation with a spirituality approach in the workplace include: normative, emotional, semantic, social, compassionate and self-sacrificing. Analyzes using the "6C" Glazer family showed :. The main causes include: job characteristics, knowledge characteristics, social capital and personality traits, correlated factors including: social participation in the organization and consolidation of social capital; Requirements include: organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational justice, job satisfaction, proper management of human resources and the philosophy of existence and mission of the organization; Mediating conditions include: social responsibility, loyalty to the organization, and organizational ethics and values. Outcomes include: organizational citizenship behavior, increasing organizational productivity, increasing service quality, job attachment, quality of work life and maintaining organizational capabilities, and the environmental context includes: family socialization, religious characteristics, demographic characteristics and organizational motivational environment.Conclusion: The results of this study help organizations to recognize the motivation to serve with a spiritual approach to work and spread it in the organization. Manuscript profile -
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58 - Sovereignty and political legitimacy in the intellectual school of Akhund Khorasani
mohammadali karbasionSovereignty, in the sense of legitimacy or justification of political power, is divided into three categories: divine, non-divine and divine-human according to its source. Akhund Khorasani, according to his first and foremost jurisprudential foundations, first considers MoreSovereignty, in the sense of legitimacy or justification of political power, is divided into three categories: divine, non-divine and divine-human according to its source. Akhund Khorasani, according to his first and foremost jurisprudential foundations, first considers absolute power to be exclusive to God's nature, and in two periods of his life, firstly, he dealt with the matters of hasba from the authority of the jurist, and in the period of his struggle for constitutionalism. , he knows about the authority of believers and then the president of the nation, and at this stage he leans towards the legitimacy of the political power of the president of the nation. He rejects the legitimacy of the legitimate monarchy and considers the infallible government to be only the legitimate government and all the governments of the age of occultation as unjust and by dividing them into just, such as the constitutional and coercive, the just government, such as the constitutional, is in charge of public affairs. If they are rational and religious, according to the clear ruling of reason and the eloquent texts of the Sharia, it considers the illegitimacy of Jabreh Manuscript profile -
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59 - Modeling an innovative university by applying a qualitative approach
Maryam Gholipour Roya Afrassiabi Mahmoud Ghorbani Maryam HafezianPurpose: The purpose of the present study was to present an innovative university model for and among the Islamic Azad Universities of North Khorasan. Method: The researchers applied the qualitative method to carry out the study and the ‘theme analysis’ to a MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study was to present an innovative university model for and among the Islamic Azad Universities of North Khorasan. Method: The researchers applied the qualitative method to carry out the study and the ‘theme analysis’ to analyze the data. The target population was comprised of the experts in the field of management of whom 20 subjects were selected as the expert panel. By applying an interview protocol, the data was collected and by using the software ‘NVIVO’ the data was analyzed. The findings of the study indicated that, based on the expert panel’s views, an innovative university among the Islamic Azad Universities of North Khorasan enjoyed five selective indicators (codes), thirteen indicators (codes) of orientation, and fifty nine free codes. To measure the validity of the qualitative phase of the study, the researchers used the expert-triangulation method which was conducted by two experts in management. Thence, the identified selective indicators (codes) were ranked by applying the Friedman Test.Results : The results of this section showed that the personality, organizational structure, and information technology dimension characteristics respectively enjoyed the utmost significance in structuring an innovative university. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, to materialize an innovative university, one is required to closely prioritize the personality, organizational structure, and information technology characteristics. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Groundwater drawdown and land subsidence in Mashhad plain
جعفر Rahnema rad فریدون KHosravi R. FarhangMashhad Plain is the most important and essential source of fresh water and also a significantindustrial and agricultural pole in Khorasan Razavi Province. Nearly one billion cube meter ofwater is extracted annually from the groundwater source. Excessive use of groundwa MoreMashhad Plain is the most important and essential source of fresh water and also a significantindustrial and agricultural pole in Khorasan Razavi Province. Nearly one billion cube meter ofwater is extracted annually from the groundwater source. Excessive use of groundwater in theplain has led to land subsidence issues. Among 35 banned plains in Khorasan Razavi, currently 12plains experience critical situation, while Mashhad Plain is under overcritical conditions; the plaincovers over the half population of the province and serves 14 million pilgrims annually.Groundwater drawdown has reached 40-60 meters during 30-40 recent years and this caused to drythe saturated aquifer stratum, which in turn led to subsidence and consequently longitudinal andvertical fractures in farms, roads, and ways. Several approaches were presented to stop subsidence. Manuscript profile -
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61 - Structural and thematic effectiveness of prominent Khorasani poets in describing the beloved of the Moalahgate Sab?
Hossein Ali Sarhadi Masoud Akbarizadeh mostafa salari The Suspensions of the Seven is one of the most brilliant works of poetry in the pre-Islamic era and a full-fledged mirror that shows the culture of the customs and life of the people as well as the geographical, social and literary situation of that era. Many sch More The Suspensions of the Seven is one of the most brilliant works of poetry in the pre-Islamic era and a full-fledged mirror that shows the culture of the customs and life of the people as well as the geographical, social and literary situation of that era. Many scholars in various literary fields have worked on it; Because the suspensions of Saba are the identity of the pre-Islamic era, and the correct understanding of these poems and examining them from different aspects is a way to know the pre-Islamic era. Due to the geographical proximity of Arab and Iranian civilizations, Arabic literature is one of the most important channels of influence of Arabic culture and language on Persian literature, although this influence is reciprocal and deep; But undoubtedly the influence of Arabic literature on the poets of the early periods of Persian literature is deeper and greater. One of the main objectives of this research is to analyze and compare the structural and thematic effectiveness of prominent Khorasani poets in describing the beloved from the suspensions of Saba. Most scholars agree that Iranian poets have followed in the footsteps of Arab poets and imitated Arab poets in composing poems related to Atlal and Daman. The present article tries to identify the structural and thematic effectiveness of prominent Khorasani poets in describing the beloved from the descriptions of Saba with a comparative method and descriptive-analytical approach and to answer the questions that the influence of prominent Khorasani poets in the description of the beloved What about suspended poets? And which Khorasani style poet has been more influenced by suspended poets? Manuscript profile -
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62 - Faunistic studies on the fruit flies of the family Tephritidae in central part of Khorasan Razavi province
Fatima Memari Saeed Mohammadzade Namin Masoud HakimitabarTephritidae is one of the largest families of acalyptrate Diptera. Most species are phytophagous and cause economical damage to agricultural crops and some of them effectively used in biological control programs against weeds. During studies on tephritid flies fauna in MoreTephritidae is one of the largest families of acalyptrate Diptera. Most species are phytophagous and cause economical damage to agricultural crops and some of them effectively used in biological control programs against weeds. During studies on tephritid flies fauna in central part of Khorasan Razavi Province (Iran) in 2013–2015, 15 species of 10 genera (Acanthiophilus helianthi, Chaetorellia australis*, Chaetorellia conjuncta*, Euleia heraclei*, Goniurellia longicauda*, Tephritis pallescens*, Tephritis postica, Tephritomyia despoliata, Terellia serratulae, Trupanea amoena, Trupanea stellata, Urophora anthropovi, Urophora sp.near dirlbeki, Urophora spatiosa*, Valera ariana) were found to occur in this region. Species marked with asterisks are recorded for the first time from Khorasan Razavi province. The list of 33 species of fruit flies that occur in Khorasan Razavi province is provided Manuscript profile -
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63 - Identifying the key factors on regional underdevelopment using the MAC method (case study: North Khorasan Province)
Esmail Isazade Zahra firoozeDevelopment programs are carried out to build a better future, or in other words, to shape the social construction of the future reality of countries. A very important part of this program is related to regional development. Although North Khorasan province has potentia MoreDevelopment programs are carried out to build a better future, or in other words, to shape the social construction of the future reality of countries. A very important part of this program is related to regional development. Although North Khorasan province has potential for growth and development, it is considered as an underdeveloped and deprived province. Therefore, provision of various economic, welfare and infrastructural services, social facilities, variety and health is one of the most basic planning indicators in each planning unit, especially in the cities. The purpose of this article was to identify key factors affecting the underdevelopment of economic, educational, medical and infrastructure indicators in North Khorasan province. The research is applied research and its method is descriptive and analytical, and the data collection method was done by library studies and field research. In order to rank the cities of North Khorasan in terms of underdevelopment of economic, educational-cultural, health-treatment and infrastructural indicators, Mic Mac model and Excel and Spss software were used, and Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to draw and prepare maps. The results of the research showed that among the cities of North Khorasan province in the economic sector of Esfrain, the most developed city and Mane and Samalghan were in the lowest development rank. Garme city was the most developed and the most underdeveloped city in terms of educational and cultural indicators. In terms of access to infrastructure indicators, Bojnord city is the most developed and Mane and Samlaqan are the least developed in terms of the health index, and Shirvan is the most developed and Mane and Salamqan are the least developed in the infrastructure index of North Khorasan province. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the development of sports landuses in Khorasan Razavi province Based on the observance of spatial justice in the distribution of spaces and places
Mohammad Ardameh seyedmostafa tayebisani Ali Fahiminejad Bagher MorsalThe present study has analyzed the spatiality of sports venues and evaluated the access to sports centers according to the pattern of their spatial distribution in the level of communication networks in Khorasan Razavi province. This research is of applied type and desc MoreThe present study has analyzed the spatiality of sports venues and evaluated the access to sports centers according to the pattern of their spatial distribution in the level of communication networks in Khorasan Razavi province. This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical method. After determining the per capita sports uses in the province, using the Williamson model, the per capita distribution of these centers in the regions was measured according to population density. In the second part, using the Moran model, the spatial distribution pattern of sports uses (outdoor, indoor and total sports uses) was measured according to the area of these uses. The results showed that the per capita sports facilities in the province is equal to 0.34 square meters, which is less than the minimum per capita set for Iran. On the other hand, the total per capita sports space per household is about 1.05 square meters. also; The per capita outdoor sports space is more than the per capita indoor space (0.92 vs. 0.13 square meters per person). Meanwhile, Zone 1, which is in the northeast of the province, has a greater distribution of sports spaces and places, which, of course, has a greater distribution in terms of population. However, with increasing population density, the per capita total sports space (outdoor and indoor) increases with the slope of the line R2 = 0.5985. Also, according to the results of the nearest neighbor average model, it was found that the spatial pattern of distribution of sports centers in Khorasan Razavi province is 99% random. Therefore; solving these problems requires planning and management in the field of locating and organizing sports spaces. Manuscript profile -
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65 - Archaeological Surveys in Darmian County, Southern Khorasan
Mohsen Dana Ali Asqar Mahmoudi Nasab Hossein Sedighian Meisam NikzadEast Iran, especially South Khorasan Province, is one of the regions of Iran in which limited archaeological activities have been carried out, and despite the many ancient monuments, its cultural material and archaeological sequence remain unknown. Darmian County in Sou MoreEast Iran, especially South Khorasan Province, is one of the regions of Iran in which limited archaeological activities have been carried out, and despite the many ancient monuments, its cultural material and archaeological sequence remain unknown. Darmian County in South Khorasan Province is one of the areas, where there has been less archaeological research than other counties in the province. This county is located in the east of the province, near the borders of Afghanistan. According to archaeological surveys conducted in Darmian County in 2014, 213 ancient sites were identified. The identified sites include archaeological sites, mosques, castles, towers, baths, tombs, mills and cisterns, reservoirs, cemeteries, caves, and petroglyphs, which date back to the prehistoric era (third millennium BC) to the late Islamic era (Pahlavi). The largest number of these sites is related to the Islamic era, and the earliest of them is the Shah Vali site, which dates back to the third millennium BC. The peak of prosperity and density of settlements in the region is related to the Islamic era, especially the 10th to 13th centuries AH. Manuscript profile -
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66 - New Findings of Paleolithic Period from Khosf, Southern Khorasan, the Northeastern Edge of Lut Desert
Meysam Nikzad Hossein SedighianLocated in the south half, Khosf is one of the counties of south Khorasan. As little archaeological research has been done in Khosf so far and there is no proper information about ancient sites of it, an archaeological survey of Khosf initiated in 2014. The survey resul MoreLocated in the south half, Khosf is one of the counties of south Khorasan. As little archaeological research has been done in Khosf so far and there is no proper information about ancient sites of it, an archaeological survey of Khosf initiated in 2014. The survey resulted in identification of 238 sites including ancient monuments, historical sites and ancient mines and so on that were located mainly in eastern part of it. But among them we found six lithic scatters which may date back to middle Paleolithic Period. The present paper is involved with a techno-typological analysis of the lithic findings of this site. Manuscript profile -
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67 - Lapis Lazuli a Commercial Product of the Ancient Time
Hamidreza ValipourTo discover a large quantity of Semi- precious stones, especially Lapis Lazuli, agate, turquoise, jasper, among the archaeological findings has induces the researches to identify its mines, and its function of commercial exchanges and its transportation roads among the MoreTo discover a large quantity of Semi- precious stones, especially Lapis Lazuli, agate, turquoise, jasper, among the archaeological findings has induces the researches to identify its mines, and its function of commercial exchanges and its transportation roads among the past societies. Meanwhile, the Lapis Lazuli due to its unique peculiarities since the 4th millennium B.C has been under attention of developing societies in the Middle East. Geographers in the past centuries refer to different regions of Iran which contained Lapis Lazuli, but so far no evidence of these mines has been obtained. Mines of Badakhshan have been certainly the most important mine of this stone in the Middle East region. On the other hand, the developments of Iran in the late 4th and 3rd millennium B.C and have caused that the direction of passage of Lapis Lazuli – during these two millenniums – changes from its mines to its settlements on the eve of civilization of Iran and Mesopotamia. In this article I have tried to draw the main directions of exchanges of this important product concerning the mentioned development by surveying the proposed opinions about the trade of Lapis Lazuli. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Prehistoric Burial Traditions in the Qaleh Khan Settlement (North Khorasan) with an Emphasis on Bronze Age
Kheironesa Judi Omran Garazhian Mahdi RezaeiTraditions of burial and their locations in relation to the settlement are characteristics of the Bronze Age. Burial and its corresponding traditions are among the abstract issues in archaeology. Qaleh Khan is located in the North khorasan province in the vicinity of As MoreTraditions of burial and their locations in relation to the settlement are characteristics of the Bronze Age. Burial and its corresponding traditions are among the abstract issues in archaeology. Qaleh Khan is located in the North khorasan province in the vicinity of Ashkhaneh city. So far, two seasons archaeological excavations have been carried out in that settlement. The first season was devoted to trenching for the purpose of stratigraphy and was carried out vertically. The second season was carried out for determining the functional size of the site and trenching around the settlement was done during this season. One of the major goals of the second season was first to determine the area of the site and to propose physical protection of the site. In this season, 27 soundings were excavated around the Qaleh Khan archaeological site. Preparing a map of the expansion of the monuments, identifying the records of Iron Age in the original context which have not been identified through stratigraphy beforehand, identifying the cemetery of the Bronze Age, and consequently obtaining general information about burial traditions of this period, have been the main achievements of this research. Broadly speaking, remnants of the Bronze Age burials were identified in trenches 22 and 24 to the west of the settlement. These graves are the so-called accompanied burials. 3 burial remnants were obtained from the above-mentioned trenches. This paper presents a description of the Bronze Age graveyard in Qaleh Khan archaeological site along with an analysis of its location in relation to the settlement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - A Study of the Architecture of Entrances: The Case Study of Safavids'Caravanserais in Khorasan-e Razavi
Mahdi Tatari Javad NeyestaniThe entrance spaces are belonged to the main parts of every architectural construct. Entrances in caravanserais are constituted from several parts; some of them are included as: 1- High porch 2-Threshold 3- Vestibule. Entrances spaces have been built at the middle of on MoreThe entrance spaces are belonged to the main parts of every architectural construct. Entrances in caravanserais are constituted from several parts; some of them are included as: 1- High porch 2-Threshold 3- Vestibule. Entrances spaces have been built at the middle of one of the building fronts or along with the main Iwan with a Symmetrical design. All these have been built securely in a way that to be enforced enough to watch and control the goings and comings of the caravans and goods. The entrances spaces of the Safavid caravanserais in Khorasan often tend to south and east. The porches of such caravanserais often have been built to suggest the great glory, grandeur and beauty of the whole building, and a few of them have been built more ahead to the building. More than ninety percent of these caravanserais in the main roads especially in the road of great Khorasan have alcove. To build such numerous caravanserais has economic, religious, and many other causes. The entrances spaces in these caravanserais are generally are divided into two categories: first, simple entrances flushed with façade in a way that cannot be distinguished from far distances. Second, the entrances more ahead of building façade and are completely distinguished from the façade building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Designing a curriculum model for educational sciences at Farhangian University of North Khorasan
Yosef Rezaei Ali Maghool ahmad akbari Moslem ChrabeinAbstract: One of the methods of designing the curriculum model is to use quality evaluation indicators and validation of existing programs. In the present study using mediation analysis based on the above indicators. a model for the undergraduate curriculum in education MoreAbstract: One of the methods of designing the curriculum model is to use quality evaluation indicators and validation of existing programs. In the present study using mediation analysis based on the above indicators. a model for the undergraduate curriculum in educational sciences at Farhangian University of North Khorasan has been explained and designed. The approach of the present study is exploratory and is classified as applied research and has used a combined (quantitative-qualitative) method. All the professors teaching in the mentioned field were selected as a statistical population and they were interviewed and then answered the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 8 expert professors and its reliability coefficient was 0.987. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by one-sample t-test and finally the curriculum model and mediator analysis model were designed through Amos software. The findings of this research are: development and standardization of 12 factors, 33 criteria and 211 indicators, design of a twelve-factor curriculum model, identification of mediating variables and finally designing a mediating analysis model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Investigation of the scheme police to coping with disturbance by chaos theory
sajad namour mohammad javad zahedi homa zanjani zadehIn this study, we intend to make sociology with chaos theory. Then we intend to Investigation of the scheme police to coping with disturbance from 2006 until 2010 in north khorasan by chaos theory. Our designing research is the secondary analysis of police information. MoreIn this study, we intend to make sociology with chaos theory. Then we intend to Investigation of the scheme police to coping with disturbance from 2006 until 2010 in north khorasan by chaos theory. Our designing research is the secondary analysis of police information. There are a lot of fractals in our chaotic world. We said a lot of fractals are present in our behavior, therefore in a major view we have fractals in relations of different societies. If we know positive social fractals and expand them in our society we will have progressive social chaos in future. If we accept negative fractals, we will be lead towards regressive social chaos non-consciously. All sociologists should intend to find beautiful social fractals and inform people about it and manage to keep them in order to have progressive social chaos in future. This is the real goal of sociology and sociologists task. The result showed the police design to coping with disturbance from 2006 until 2010 is lead towards progressive social chaos in north khorasan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Bashganloo family (ladies) captivation and the significant role of Moazaz Shadlo general
alireza mohajeriShadloo s dynasty's territory were ruling over the north Khorasan and this duration was associated with various events and happenings.one of the most prominent and the final chamber (khan)of this dynasty , was Moazaz Shadloo general. His rolling time, is considered very MoreShadloo s dynasty's territory were ruling over the north Khorasan and this duration was associated with various events and happenings.one of the most prominent and the final chamber (khan)of this dynasty , was Moazaz Shadloo general. His rolling time, is considered very noticeable and significant due to the within country events and political challenges and revolutions .the main attention capturing event was the Bashganloo ladies captivation by Turkmens. Due to this awkward event and because of Bashganloo s territory complain to the parliament (congress), general Moazaz is also condemned as one of the culprits. (Blameful). The current research has been developed based on documentary writing style as well as other articles. This research provides a reply to the follow question; what is the role of general Moazaz in Bashganloo ladies captivation that has been done by Turkmens? The obtained research result shows that Turkmens tribe, usually attack (rush) to the north era of Khorasan. Therefor general Moazaz decided to re-direct these attacks toward other places .his main goal was to obstacle Turkmens attack to hid ruling territory. However, as an IL khan headmaster and as a governmental factor, he didn’t do the necessary protection acts during the Turkmens attack to Bashganloo living place and their ladies captivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Ghuhistan
mohammad MehraeinA number of places in Iran are given prominence due to their historical, geographical, and political backgrounds. One of them, Ghohestan, or the state of mountains, was known to be called Ghayenat in the Islamic era. It is, however, officially dubbed as Southern Khorasa MoreA number of places in Iran are given prominence due to their historical, geographical, and political backgrounds. One of them, Ghohestan, or the state of mountains, was known to be called Ghayenat in the Islamic era. It is, however, officially dubbed as Southern Khorasan (Khorasan Jonnubi). Ghohestan's strategic importance and its close proximity to the east and south of Iran with various tribes dwelling in it stimulated significance to the region through the passage of time in the historiography of Khorasan and Iran. Employing the popular humanistic research methods based on documentary and theoretical studies, the following paper aims to conduct a geographical survey on the region and shade light, however briefly, on the unknown aspects of its history. What is acquired from the findings is that Ghohestan sustained a strategic significance and witnessed and fostered a series of historical changes in the Islamic era due to its geographical coherence with the larger Khorasan, economic and cultural interstate exchanges, and political and ethnic characteristics. Even today, the area displays numerous strategic capabilities in confrontation with the issues of immigration, social and political challenges, and ethnic tensions which demand the attention of the governmental agencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Representation of popular culture in Khorasan, according to the views of European travelers in the Qajar era
Reza Musabadi Batool fakhreslamIn the context of historical studies, travel logs are important because of their social and cultural content. Therefore, the present article seeks to explain how and why travel writers and European tourists look at the social and cultural status of Khorasan in the Qajar MoreIn the context of historical studies, travel logs are important because of their social and cultural content. Therefore, the present article seeks to explain how and why travel writers and European tourists look at the social and cultural status of Khorasan in the Qajar era. Using librarianship method, this article reviews and criticizes the opinions of these travelers about the reflection of the social and cultural situation of the Khorasan community in the Qajar era by referring to European travelogues and descriptive-analytical methods. The results of this research show that in a general outcome, features such as superficiality, Europeanism, colonial and humiliation, dominated by the majority of Western travel journalists, have led, in some cases, to the social and cultural situation of Khorasan by travelers The west is reversed and away from reality. Also, they sometimes ignored the multiple functions of social and cultural conditions in Khorasan and magnified their weaknesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Economic Geography of khorasan and its Role in Arab Migration in the first century AH
eslam keramati Farinaz Hooshyar fizolah boshasbThe economic geography of khorasan region was one of the important factors in attracting Arabs to this region. Different cities played an important economic role in different periods in terms of commercially, Agriculture and the existence of mines. This descriptive ـ an MoreThe economic geography of khorasan region was one of the important factors in attracting Arabs to this region. Different cities played an important economic role in different periods in terms of commercially, Agriculture and the existence of mines. This descriptive ـ analytical study seeks to find the answer to the question of what role the economic geography of khorasan played in the migration of Muslim Arabs in the first century AH? Findings show that due to climatic diversity, khorasan was compatible with the tastes of the Arabs and despite the rivers and springs had various agricultural products and the existence of various industries such as textiles and handicrafts and precious mines and being on the trade route of prosperous land silk, have been for this reason, it played a very important rol in the migration of Muslim Arab tribes, many of whom were involved in wars in addition to their religious motives and for this reason many tribes migrated and settled there after the conquests in the first century AH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Studying the headdress of Kurdish-Turkmen men in North Khorasan
ZOHREH AMIRI FOROUTAGHEH Tahereh Azimzadeh Tehrani shahrbanoo delbariThe garment of any ethnic group represents one of their cultural symbols, and headgear is the most distinctive one of them. The northern region of Khorasan has a special cultural diversity due to the habitat of various ethnic groups of Kurds, Turks, Tat and Turkmen. Men MoreThe garment of any ethnic group represents one of their cultural symbols, and headgear is the most distinctive one of them. The northern region of Khorasan has a special cultural diversity due to the habitat of various ethnic groups of Kurds, Turks, Tat and Turkmen. Men’s clothing in this area is among its components. The present paper seeks to study the design, color and material of Kurdish and Turkmen men’s clothing residing in this area. The study uses a descriptive-analytical method and library compilation and if necessary, conducts oral interviews with informed people and specialists in the field of clothing. The research results indicate that the headgear of these two ethnic groups has specific local names. They usually use Taqiyah with different designs and brown, milky and black colors made of wool. Some headgears are used by Turkmen men like Telpek and Sele and napkins are used by Kurdish men. In general, headgears are similar in terms of design, color and material, and differ mostly in terms of decoration and naming Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The employment of women of northern Khorasan tribes in the Pahlavi period, based on oral history
omolbanin Rahimi Amir Akbari Omid Sephri RadThe employment of women of northern Khorasan tribes in the Pahlavi period, based on oral historyWomen's employment throughout history is one of the issues about which there is little knowledge. With the tools of interview and oral history, this deficiency can be solved MoreThe employment of women of northern Khorasan tribes in the Pahlavi period, based on oral historyWomen's employment throughout history is one of the issues about which there is little knowledge. With the tools of interview and oral history, this deficiency can be solved at least one or two centuries ago. The source of these tools are old people who are still alive and dynamically living around us.According to these living sources, the activity of women in North Khorasan has been a confirmation of their activity for centuries in the field of work outside and family life, and despite the fact that their active presence at home and perhaps throughout history has been ignored. They are the inheritors of activities that have continued until now and have covered all areas of people's lives in this region. Animal husbandry, agriculture, spinning and weaving were among the occupations of women in this region. This article tries to deal with the efforts and employment of women in North Khorasan (villagers and nomads).Key words: women, North Khorasan, employment, weaving Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Religious performance in the Timurid period and its impact on Sadat's position
yusof zohorianDue to their association with the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Sadat was always respected by the general public in the Islamic society and had a special dignity in the eyes of both Sunni and Shia people apart from the political behavior the governments. With the emergence of th MoreDue to their association with the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Sadat was always respected by the general public in the Islamic society and had a special dignity in the eyes of both Sunni and Shia people apart from the political behavior the governments. With the emergence of the Timuri dynasty in Iran, Sadat enjoyed a special position and dignity during the Timuri era. In every city of Diyar Sadat, they were safe from the attacks of the Timuri troops. Timur gave many favors Sadat and they were pampered by him. He called the nobles of Sadat to his court, and some religious positions such as Sadarat, niqab, and judging were assigned to them. Sadat's way Timur's court caused them to enjoy a lot of dignity. After Timur, Sadat lost his position and authority to a certain extent, but some Timuri rulers such as Shahrukh and Sultan Hussein, in the continuation of Timur's career, paid attention to Sadat and used them in court affairs. Sadat's presence in the Timurid court caused some Shiites to start efforts, which resulted in the expansion and growth of Shiism in Iran. This research tries to analyze the role of Sadat in the expansionShiism, the duties and consequences their performance in the Teymuri period, using a descriptive analytical method and a historical approach, relying on library studies. The findings of the research show that Sadat provided the conditions for the promotion of Shiism by establishing relations and converging with Timuri political rulers and gaining their support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Abbasids And The Political Crisis in Khorasan
zohre alipoor avalThe importance of Great Khorasan as a strategic region and effective in the administration of the territories of the Eastern Islamic Caliphate, could never be ignored from the point of view of the caliphs. The connection of this area with Transoxiana or beyond the river MoreThe importance of Great Khorasan as a strategic region and effective in the administration of the territories of the Eastern Islamic Caliphate, could never be ignored from the point of view of the caliphs. The connection of this area with Transoxiana or beyond the river and the existence of settled cities, commercial streets and fertile lands, reminded the caliphs of the need to consider a serious and costly policy for the administration of Khorasan. However, the continuous unrest and the lack of comprehensive management in this region not only had an impact on the reduction of the Caliphate's income, but also had a direct effect on the creation of disorder in the Trans-Nahar region and the escalation of the political crisis. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, the current research tries to answer the question, what were the most important challenges of establishing the stable control of the Abbasid caliphs over Khorasan and Transoxiana? The results of the findings indicate that in the first period of the Abbasid caliphate, despite the caliphs benefiting from military authority, due to the multitude of opponents and successive changes in the balance of power, it was not possible to establish stable stability. After the killing of Abu Muslim, the conflict between the caliphs and the Khorasanis until the Taherians gained internal independence, deprived Great Khorasan of the possibility of stability and became a platform for the influence of the Turks in Transoxiana and the borders of Islam territories. key words : Khorasan. Abbasid Caliphate,Transoxiana,Political crisis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Khorasan Governors and Developing Islam in Omavi Era
ali akbar abbasiDeveloping Islam was depended to many elements in Omavi Era in Khorasan. Natives were converted to Islam under influence of a great range of Qhazians, Mojahids, Faghihs, Arefs, Orators and Zahids. Also, Khorasan governor's palyed main role, some time positive and MoreDeveloping Islam was depended to many elements in Omavi Era in Khorasan. Natives were converted to Islam under influence of a great range of Qhazians, Mojahids, Faghihs, Arefs, Orators and Zahids. Also, Khorasan governor's palyed main role, some time positive and on the other time negative. Some hypocartically pretented to be a pure Muslim to unite with majority. These ones also used Islam to defend their land against Turkish attack and propaply domestic riots. On the other hands, some minor jobber governors made new Muslim paying high unfair impositions and taxes. The latters's unfaithfull finantial foreces was a negative element that made some new Muslims back to apostasy. In fact, they parctically prevented developing Islam in Khorasan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Rafe ibn harsameh the last deputy ship claimant of taherian in khorasan
amir akbariBy crash of taherian rule new power claimants. Confuse khorasan cities conditions for few decades .Yaghobs return of khorasan and amru leyth guarrels. With caliph provide good opporotunity for Ahmad ibn abdullah khajastani at power gaining MoreBy crash of taherian rule new power claimants. Confuse khorasan cities conditions for few decades .Yaghobs return of khorasan and amru leyth guarrels. With caliph provide good opporotunity for Ahmad ibn abdullah khajastani at power gaining .by death of khajastani his troops select rafe as self commander .He don’t spent guiet periods in khorasan governance. His conflict with Amro leyth safari –his difference with hasan ibn zeid alaui and attack to tabarestan and also quarrel by abbasi caliph result successive. Conflicts for his short governance in khorasan. Rafe ibn harsameh was last governer that demand taherian deputy ship for short time in khorasan governmet Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Khorasan historical developments in the Sassanid era based on archaeogical findings
ali mohammadiAncient Khorasan is based on exploration, research and archaeological recovery of land which is the cradle of ancient civilizations, the emergence of one of the brightest and most ancient Iran. According to the Avesta, Khorasan and Behistun inscription states and Kvstha MoreAncient Khorasan is based on exploration, research and archaeological recovery of land which is the cradle of ancient civilizations, the emergence of one of the brightest and most ancient Iran. According to the Avesta, Khorasan and Behistun inscription states and Kvsthay one of the pre-Islamic Iran was one of the most critical periods of its history is related to the Sasanian era.Thus, the position of the land of Khorasan in the Sassanid era historical, geographical and geopolitical region's major cultural center and meeting place of East and West cultures has been considered. Domain, through the Silk Road, the Sassanian ruler of the kings of Khorasan, Khorasan cities of several famous Mint, cultural and economic center of East and West, Venture Shield barbarian and nomadic northern and eastern borders of Iran and Khorasan Dlaylahmyt this period is. But with all of Khorasan Frynyha, brilliant history and status of cultural metropolis still Tjvlat ancient Sassanid Vbalakhs is unknown and requires thorough investigation. This study also attempts to investigate historical changes, cultural and economic Khrasanv using authentic texts and field observations, perspective, Khorasan be paid to the history of archeology. The resulting studies Shnasayymhvthhay Tarykhymtdd and artifacts from archaeological excavations Sassanid era in Khorasan, could have a major place in the absence of written sources in the region are recognizing and reflecting the growing magnitude and impact of urbanization Khorasan Sassanids and cultural, artistic, economic in other areas, even if the Islamic period. Manuscript profile -
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83 - Taherian territory governments and the four cities of Khorasan
amir akbariKhorasan as one of the most important areas of Iran during the pre-Islamic civilization has had a special place. The importance of this land for the Muslims conquered the area was quickly understood. Although the researcher did not wish Abu Tahir al-Hussein, in gaining MoreKhorasan as one of the most important areas of Iran during the pre-Islamic civilization has had a special place. The importance of this land for the Muslims conquered the area was quickly understood. Although the researcher did not wish Abu Tahir al-Hussein, in gaining Khorasan state of Iran in the first state to establish this great land. Taherian in the territory of Khorasan was so widespread that the country was considered a land of Ma'mun. Among the cities that the village had its own territory Taherian in four cities in the division of Khorasan in the geography of the land and the importance of Islam and has a special place. Merv, Nishapur, Herat and Balkh in Khorasan as four cities in terms of economic, political and cultural rights in their old age Taherian was also considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Imam Reza’s (PBUH) political reactions to his contemporary crises
amir akbariImam Reza’s (PBUH) period was one of the most challenging political and cultural periods. Division in the Abbassid government, conflict between Amin And Mamon,Alavians’ riot, and Imam’s being invited to Khorasan needed Imam’s special decision to MoreImam Reza’s (PBUH) period was one of the most challenging political and cultural periods. Division in the Abbassid government, conflict between Amin And Mamon,Alavians’ riot, and Imam’s being invited to Khorasan needed Imam’s special decision to counter the crises. Imam’s being invited to Khorasan and offering him heir to Caliphate was one of the unprecedented events during the Abassid’s era and was a turning point in Shiite’s history. The issue of heir to Caliphate and Imam’s presence in Khorasan called for special political measures on the part of Imam. Imam’s cultural mission was realized in the form of debates, which made his measures against the most intelligent Abbassid Caliphate, Mamon, effective. Imam advised Mamon to move to Baghdad to reestablish security and social cohesion. Such measures, which showed Imam’s prudence, are of the distinguishing features of his period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Ahmad IBN Abdullah khajastani and taherian endevour for power gaining in neyshaboor
amir akbariKhorasan was associated with relative quiet at half-century of taherian governance .by crash of this rule and neyshaboor occupation by yaaghoob make khorasan cities irregular and confused for few decades. advent of new claimant that each one intraduce self as taheri gov MoreKhorasan was associated with relative quiet at half-century of taherian governance .by crash of this rule and neyshaboor occupation by yaaghoob make khorasan cities irregular and confused for few decades. advent of new claimant that each one intraduce self as taheri governance deputyship, was only for power acquisition and inheritance of taherian governance ahmad ibn Abdullah khajastani was of well known last commander of amir taheri , that serve to yaaghoob and by yaaghoob departure to sistan , introduce himself as taherian deputy ship . he fight once again with his competitors for self influence development in khorasan . successive conflicts abutalheh with khajastani and also mediation of hossein in taher , last survivor of taherian rule make irregular and confused conditions in khrasan. Efforts of any cliament for attracting attention of khorasans people and particularly neyshaboorian was only in security of their deputyship right in side of taherian . undoubted , good history of taherian governmentalism had such claims in side of khajestani. He called himself ahmad ibn Abdullah taheri for hearts attraction of khorasans people. But he canceled taherian name by extending his influence and mint self name undoubted , such approach extent claimants conflicts and finally lead to khajestani murder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Survey of The role and position of scholars and figures in North Khorasan promoting culture and civilization in Iran
usef motvaliNorth Khorasan origin men and women in different fields of science major religious and political culture in which each of their time on the Iranian culture and character of the area affected thoughts. The characters that in the Persian encyclopedia named as figure MoreNorth Khorasan origin men and women in different fields of science major religious and political culture in which each of their time on the Iranian culture and character of the area affected thoughts. The characters that in the Persian encyclopedia named as figures and celebrities which after their period for various reasons got special fame and reputation. Revision reconstruction and readout rate this influence and to prevent being forgotten scientific cultural and political figures, celebrities and the undeniable necessity for present and future generations for thousands of everyday experience, these characters is that their efforts on process civilizational and cultural development in their community have been Upper transition. North Khorasan, despite the historical richness of culture in the field of written history is very low and so poor that it is proper history and culture of recognition and history and impact of effective figures in various fields has not been paid. However, this paper made an attempt to address the role and place of these peoples to promote Iranian culture and civilization era is different. This article first role in the transformation of Fame North Khorasan refers to society and then some of those dimensions Shkhsyts case has been investigated. Manuscript profile -
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87 - Factors affecting neighboring relations Sarbedaran and local HkvmtHay
bashari delrish hosein rezanezhadOne of the features of the political history of Iran in the eighth century AH, between fall of Ilkhanid and rise of the Timurid, is the existance of numerous local dynasties that formed in the corners of Iran. In this situation, the East of Iran, Khorasan was the place MoreOne of the features of the political history of Iran in the eighth century AH, between fall of Ilkhanid and rise of the Timurid, is the existance of numerous local dynasties that formed in the corners of Iran. In this situation, the East of Iran, Khorasan was the place of saber-rattling of several local governments including Sarbedaran government relying on the duodenal Shiism. Besides Sarbedaran and before them, the Sunni governments of Taqatimur , Al Kurt and Jani Ghorbanian also tried to gain political power. With the establishment of these governments in the near of Sarbedaran together and despite weak friendly relations between them, several factors such as territorial issues and territory extention, particularly the competition over getting Khorasan, religious and political differences, made tension and conflict inevitable between local governments in Khorasan that eventually lead to weakness and there for fall and decline of them. The presented study with analytical-descriptive method, relying on original sources and new studies and accurate, detailed looking want to analyze hidden and obvious aspects of the relations of these local governments and Factors influencing of it. Manuscript profile -
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88 - Ismailid's Castles in south of Khorasan (Castle mountain of Qaien)
javad horyCastle Mountain, or Artagovana, glorious natural and human heritage remains from ancient age and Achaemenid dynasty in Qohestan the historic district in the south of Khorasan, the spent bachbone and a long era. This castle in the first centuries of islam went, as one of MoreCastle Mountain, or Artagovana, glorious natural and human heritage remains from ancient age and Achaemenid dynasty in Qohestan the historic district in the south of Khorasan, the spent bachbone and a long era. This castle in the first centuries of islam went, as one of the shelters and centers Zoroastrian propaganda and centuries later, the most important centers of activity of the Ismailid of Southern Khorasan province. Asfar as the compilation works such as ethics of AKHLAGHE – NASERI by Khajeh Nasir Tusi tale of considerable importance to it. This building as one of the centers advisable for attracting tourism, index makes location and natural landscape castle on the hand, and the other hand remained of buildings and architectural works such as one floor or two floor spaces and embedded trench, water storage, and the wall is stable. Three points above the basic castle are: 1- Background of ancient and historical building as a center of political and intellectual developments in effective land of Khorasan and compared with Alamut castle. 2- Position with beautiful natural space by clearing the height on top of a mountain over five hundred meters. 3- Buildings architecture of this castle that kept clear of the boom has various periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Zoroastrians of Khorasan in the uprising
gholam hoein noyeGreater Khorasan in different periods of history, civilization, one of the biggest areas in Iran And throughout history, Iran has gained importance and prestige in the Islamic period has been well maintained.Events occurred in the days after the conquest of Khorasan to MoreGreater Khorasan in different periods of history, civilization, one of the biggest areas in Iran And throughout history, Iran has gained importance and prestige in the Islamic period has been well maintained.Events occurred in the days after the conquest of Khorasan to the right shows that the first Hegira century as a center jobs in political, economic, and religious to be against Iraq. Particularly important role in the creation of the Abbasids in Khurasan and Khorasanis not wearing one. Abumoslem to help the people of Khorasan, who had a major role in the killing soon Absyan Karamdn Khorasan was eliminated from the political scene. The article attempts to forward movement and the uprising that erupted after the death of Abu Moslem in Khorasan and also be paid to the Zoroastrians in the uprising. Manuscript profile -
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90 - Investigation of KHorasan rods and minarets (by emphasis on the construction role and contents of their inscriptions)
ali farokhiThe ancient monuments of Khorasan, like its old history, have an especial importance which was pioneer in servicing to the convoys in all the historic eras, before or after Islam. Similar to other buildings, the architecture of Khorasan rods and minarets had prop MoreThe ancient monuments of Khorasan, like its old history, have an especial importance which was pioneer in servicing to the convoys in all the historic eras, before or after Islam. Similar to other buildings, the architecture of Khorasan rods and minarets had proper development and decoration for offering better services to the passengers and convoys. Besides the public buildings, the rods and minarets were constructed for the purpose of turning on a light or fire on top of the buildings for guidance at night. The architecture of these buildings bloomed in the Islamic eras, in a way that Kofi calligraphy appeared in these buildings, by writing the quote of faith testimonies, “there is no god but Allah” and “Mohammad is the profit of the God” on the walls of the minarets and rods, the flag of Islam was raised throughout Khorasan, which has still been used in the Islamic lands. Rod of Ayaz, Khosrogord minaret, Pamenar minaret, Karat rod and Firoozabad minaret in khorasan are all among the buildings whose architecture and related decorations and the content of their inscriptions were investigated in this project. The results indicate that all the mentioned buildings, regardless of service presentation, all reminding one point; Monotheism Manuscript profile -
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91 - Backgrounds and causes of the formation of first schools in Khorasan
bagher ali esmaeiliOne of the issues in education is the starting point of first schools in Islamic world. Besides their function as a place for praying, mosques also were considered the most important educational centers till the early fourth century(AH). Various kinds of educational cen MoreOne of the issues in education is the starting point of first schools in Islamic world. Besides their function as a place for praying, mosques also were considered the most important educational centers till the early fourth century(AH). Various kinds of educational centers in the Islamic world and religious and ethnic bias have led to different theories on the origin of first Islamic schools. Based on available evidence Khorasan has been the origin of first Islamic schools, as Neishabor School, which turned to be an example to be copied by others, was established before the establishment of Baghdad School. This was the result of favorite scientific, social and political milieu in Khorasan and especially in Neishabor. The role of original Iranian families and Khorasan scientists cannot be denied Manuscript profile -
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92 - The survey of important cause in attention and develope of esmailli revolte in Khorasan and transoxaiana (Samanid age)
parisa ghrban nezhadSince third century-lunar calendar-the political, social and cultural conditions dominant in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr were so good that enabled different religious groups`presence and activities.One of these groups was Esmailian who had made special plansfor the de MoreSince third century-lunar calendar-the political, social and cultural conditions dominant in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr were so good that enabled different religious groups`presence and activities.One of these groups was Esmailian who had made special plansfor the development of inviting and attracting disciples. The plans were scientific activities, attracting religious authorities and Samani authorities`via philosophical and polemical discussions, attracting deprivedlayers of society by using slogans like economic and social justice and inviting military authorities in order to defeat the regime, and intruding amongthe Turk. This article is going to study the main reasons for Esmailieh`s presence and it is developing invitation in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Conflicts of Ghaznavids and Qarakhanids in Khorasan
Abulhassan MobayenGreater Khorasan territories in the early Islamic centuries and especially in the third and fourth century AH / ninth and tenth AD was during the era of its growth and progress, rich and fertile land was, which always attract the eye to the greed of the powerful to the MoreGreater Khorasan territories in the early Islamic centuries and especially in the third and fourth century AH / ninth and tenth AD was during the era of its growth and progress, rich and fertile land was, which always attract the eye to the greed of the powerful to the area. After the blessings and privileges of this land Attracted towards the Mahmoud bin Sabuk-Tagin Ghaznavi, Caused his apparent loyalty to the hegemony of the Samanids and become pro-independence. But the other Turkish government also played a role in the collapse of the emirate Samanids, Following an opportunity to tantalize and dominate the region. It was the invasion of Transoxiana Qarakhanids sometimes seamlessly and sometimes the land was distributed.In contrast to exposure to movements in the Qarakhanids Khorasan, Ghaznavids campaign also occasionally paid to Transoxiana. The present study intends to investigate this fundamental question has the main reasons of competition and conflict, between Ghaznavids and Qarakhanids, the first states that the Muslim Turks, that Samani Iranian government had divided among themselves, What was in Khorasan and what factors cause involvement in Khorasan were the two governments? Research findings indicate that the main reason for this is competition and conflict, expansionism policies of both the Muslim Turks. Both of them knew his heir in the Samanids In the area that Khorasan was considered as part of its territory governments. While the vast territories Ghaznavids and more attention to the campaign and Battle in India, And numerous other issues in addition to Sultan Masud was, An opportunity to pursue Qarakhanids policies to expand their territories this provides the Oxus. Lack of integration of the arbitrary actions of the governing like Ali-Tagin was the ruler of Bukhara. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Military cooperation between the Arabs and the natives of Khorasan in the Umayyad era
A.A AbasiFew groups of native Iranians cooperated with Arabs invading Iran in the beginning. However, the amount of cooperation increased as time passed. The study tries to shed light on the cooperation of people in Khorasan with Arabs in military missions in an analytic and des MoreFew groups of native Iranians cooperated with Arabs invading Iran in the beginning. However, the amount of cooperation increased as time passed. The study tries to shed light on the cooperation of people in Khorasan with Arabs in military missions in an analytic and descriptive way. In the beginning, Arabs were not optimistic about the employment of Iranians in the armed forces. However, they gradually realized that they could get to their goals better if they sought their cooperation. Military officers like Ghotibe ibn Moslem were more successful because they employed natives. Even after his being killed, Iranians kept their important status in the military. The beginning of Abbasid movement also witnessed an emphasis on employing natives in the army. This contributed to their success in winning over Ummayids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Bashganloo family (ladies) captivation and the significant role of MoazazShadlo general
alireza mohajeri reza shabani sina forozeshShadloo s dynasty's territory were ruling over the north Khorasan and this duration was associated with various events and happenings.one of the most prominent and the final chamber (khan)of this dynasty , was MoazazShadloo general. His rolling time, is considered very MoreShadloo s dynasty's territory were ruling over the north Khorasan and this duration was associated with various events and happenings.one of the most prominent and the final chamber (khan)of this dynasty , was MoazazShadloo general. His rolling time, is considered very noticeable and significant due to the within country events and political challenges and revolutions .the main attention capturing event was the Bashganloo ladies captivation by Turkmens. Due to this awkward event and because of Bashganloo s territory complain to the parliament (congress), general Moazaz is also condemned as one of the culprits. (Blameful). The current research has been developed based on documentary writing style as well as other articles. This research provides a reply to the follow question; what is the role of general Moazaz in Bashganloo ladies captivation that has been done by Turkmens? The obtained research result shows that Turkmens tribe, usually attack (rush) to the north era of Khorasan. Therefor general Moazaz decided to re-direct these attacks toward other places .his main goal was to obstacle Turkmens attack to hid ruling territory. However, as an IL khan headmaster and as a governmental factor, he didn’t do the necessary protection acts during the Turkmens attack to Bashganloo living place and their ladies captivation. Keywords: Sardar respectable, North Khorasan, Turkmen, dark Bashqanlv, Bashqanlv honors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Effect of Ethnicity on Social Status and Media Consumption of Individuals on the Electoral Behavior of Multi-Ethnic Communities in North Khorasan Province
Sheyda Shafiei LotfAbadi Ali Rahmani FiroozJah Ali Asghar Abbasi AsfajirOne of the influential components in electoral behavior is the ethnicity component. The article aims to study the role of ethnicity in the electoral behavior of multiethnic communities. The authors have used qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical populati MoreOne of the influential components in electoral behavior is the ethnicity component. The article aims to study the role of ethnicity in the electoral behavior of multiethnic communities. The authors have used qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population was 30 people in the qualitative section (census method) of sociology professors, members of Bojnourd and Shirvan city councils, provincial experts, and in a small part of the total population of 976 thousand people in the 11th election. About 650,000 people were able to vote in the Islamic Consultative Assembly, and according to Morgan (1972), 384 people were elected (stratified random sampling method). For statistical analysis, the factor analysis method was used using SPSS software version 19 and the structural model method was used using LISREL software version 8.8. The results showed that ethnicity, social status, and media consumption of individuals have a significant effect on the electoral behavior of multiethnic ethnic communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The position, validity and methodology of the book Al-Modavvana Abi Ghanem Khorasani in Abadhi jurisprudence.
Mehdi Sotoudeh Kaviri Arani Hossein Khushdel Mofard Mohammad NasehiThe jurisprudential works of Abadiyyah - a sect that branched off from the Kharijite body which has continued its political and ideological life until now - are important not only in the study of the history of this sect, but also in the jurisprudential studies of the h MoreThe jurisprudential works of Abadiyyah - a sect that branched off from the Kharijite body which has continued its political and ideological life until now - are important not only in the study of the history of this sect, but also in the jurisprudential studies of the history of Islam, especially in the areas of the peninsula and North Africa. They deserve attention. Among the authors of Abazi works, Bishr bin Ghanem (Abu Ghanem Khorasani) has a prominent position. In this article, the validity of al-Maduna Abu Ghanem and the author's reliability and his method have been investigated, and the most important question to investigate is the position and validity of this book among muhaddiths and jurists. The result is that it is difficult to prove that al-Maduna is fake and baseless, which some non-Abadi scholars have attached to it, and Abadi scholars agree on the authenticity and authenticity of its hadiths. One of the strengths of al-Madoonah is accuracy in quoting hadiths, comparative studies and comparative jurisprudence, and expressing jurisprudential issues in the form of questions and answers. However, confusions such as the mixing of hadith with the sayings of elders, as well as the inclusion of narrations unrelated to the topic of each chapter and messenger, and the interruption of narrations, are considered the weaknesses of this book. There is a possibility that these weaknesses made their way into the book due to Abu Ghanem not editing the book himself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Youth migration patterns and its relationship with the level of development of cities in Khorasan Razavi province During the period 2006-2011
Alireza Khodabbakhshi Mahmoud Moshfegh Nader Motie Haghshenas -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigation Copiny Ways among Farmers: Case Study Shivan County, North Khorasan
Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Khalil Ghorbani Gohar Khaksar MoghaddamIran is located in arid area. Usually, agricultural sector can be most affected by drought. Farmers have used different strategies to deal with the phenomenon of drought. This study was conducted to identify these strategies and its relationship with the socio-economic MoreIran is located in arid area. Usually, agricultural sector can be most affected by drought. Farmers have used different strategies to deal with the phenomenon of drought. This study was conducted to identify these strategies and its relationship with the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers. The study population consisted of farmers in Shirvan County of North Khorasan Province that 350 of them were examined using survey research method. The required information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed by experts. The results showed that the first priority coping strategy to drought was related to the “land reform measures” and the last priority was related to “storage solutions”. Also, “using pipe to transferring agricultural water”, “cooperation to create and develop a network of local irrigation and water supply" and "rain water harvesting using surface catchments" were the important three recommendations of farmers to combat drought in future. The results showed that age and farming experience were not significantly correlated to use of drought coping strategies. But the education level of farmers, amount of farmer-extension agent contact had positive and significant correlations with the number of used coping strategies with drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Analysis and Comparison of the Details of the Prominent Khorasani Poets with Arab Poets
Hossein Ali Sarhadi Masoud Akbarizadeh Mostafa SalariSeven Pendants (Moallaghat -e Sab’eh) is one of the great cultural treasures of mankind and one of the honors of the history of Arabic literature and literature. Iran has been influenced by Arabic language, literature and culture due to its proximity to Arab lands MoreSeven Pendants (Moallaghat -e Sab’eh) is one of the great cultural treasures of mankind and one of the honors of the history of Arabic literature and literature. Iran has been influenced by Arabic language, literature and culture due to its proximity to Arab lands. Although this effect is reciprocal and profound; But undoubtedly the influence of Arabic literature on the poets of the early periods of Persian literature has been deeper and greater. One of the main objectives of this research is to analyze and compare the poems related to the description of Atlalal and Deman in Seven Pendants with the poems of four of the most prominent poets of Khorasani style; That is, Ansari is Manouchehri Damghani, Amir Moezi and Naser Khosrow. In this research, the author intends to study, analyze and describe the duration and duration in the commentaries of Mo’laghat -e Sab’eh and prominent poets of Khorasani style in a descriptive-analytical manner and as a library tool. The vast majority of scholars who have written about the influence of Persian poetry on Arabic poetry in the category of description of Atlal and Daman agree that Iranian poets have followed the poetry of Arab poets and well-known Arab poets. They have used the background as a model for their work. The results of the research indicate that Persian poets, like Arab poets, have not been able to convey the feeling of sadness and separation of the lover from seeing the audience to the audience and have failed in this way and in this type of literature, their poetry has resulted in nothing but rhetoric. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Zoning of the military climate of Khorasan Razavi province with thermohygrometric model
حسن رضایی mohammad motamedirad Mohsen RezaeearefiMilitary and law enforcement operations, like other human activities, are affected by weather conditions. Any military operation without coordination with weather conditions will have harmful consequences. Therefore, the commanders of these forces need to know the clima MoreMilitary and law enforcement operations, like other human activities, are affected by weather conditions. Any military operation without coordination with weather conditions will have harmful consequences. Therefore, the commanders of these forces need to know the climatic and environmental elements correctly. Numerous digital indicators for the study of physiology and bioclimatology have been proposed by scientists, which are also used in military climate studies today, and also the assessment of bioclimatic conditions as a suitable tool for the development of military activity and the identification of favorable areas. Comfort is very important for the development of military activity in relation to the climate. Recognizing the potential of bioclimatic comfort in different geographical areas, can identify critical points to guide development activities to low-risk areas, guarantee the added value of investments in the most appropriate way in different areas. In this research, using thermo-hygrometric index and also using ArcGIS software in interpolation, division of point data into zones and combination of maps, times and places suitable for the development of military activity in Khorasan province Razavi has been identified during the statistical period of 20 years (2019-2019). The results of this article show that the months of May, June and September in this province have the best favorable conditions for the development of military activity, and the winter months are the worst months for the military climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Synoptic Analysis of Dust From The Warm Half of The Year in Southern Khorasan Province
Zohra Ahmadi Reza Doostan Abbas MofidiDust is the first Natural hazard in desert and semi-desert world and Iran. In order to identify the days of the dust of South KHorasan, the daily amount of horizontal visibility, wind speed and direction in the spring and summer of 1991 -2008 were received from Meteorol MoreDust is the first Natural hazard in desert and semi-desert world and Iran. In order to identify the days of the dust of South KHorasan, the daily amount of horizontal visibility, wind speed and direction in the spring and summer of 1991 -2008 were received from Meteorological Organization. Then, based on Shao and Dong index, the days were extracted with dust. In order to determine atmospheric pattern led to the dust, the daily Geopotential height 500 HP from the National Center for Environmental Prediction America/ National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP / NCAR), was prepared. In this study, to determine the pressure patterns were used the principle component analysis approach in the state S and hierarchical clustering (ward). Then the composite maps of vorticity, geopotential height, and sea pressure and flow pattern for each pattern produced and were analyzed. The results showed that the tow dominant synoptic patterns respectively are the summer pattern with a subtropical high on Iran and high low on Pakistan in the high levels of the atmosphere and the pressure difference between the South-East of Iran (low pressure) and the Caspian Sea (high pressure) on the land surface. In this pattern, the wind from the East of the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan desert in the dry lands and deserts to eastern Iran flows and causing dust. This atmospheric conditions is this Connection with the 120-day winds of Sistan and Baluchestan in Iran's East. In the spring pattern, the trough of westerly winds in the center and east of Iran in the high level of atmosphere and low pressure on the ground in this area has led to unstable weather conditions in the central deserts of Iran and the West the province that these flows transfer dust particles and reduce visibility. As well as intense pressure difference between the centers lead to dust storms in the South Khorasan province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Macro planning Criteria of Rural Tourism Development Case study: khorasan Razavi Province
بیت الله Mahmoudi In this study, the investigation of the macro planning of rural tourism in khorasan Razavi province, was done by selection criteria and their priority with Delphi method. After determining the priority and rating criteria, map-prone rural tourism planning at the More In this study, the investigation of the macro planning of rural tourism in khorasan Razavi province, was done by selection criteria and their priority with Delphi method. After determining the priority and rating criteria, map-prone rural tourism planning at the provincial level According to the study, 8 group criteria including: tourism, environmental, cultural – social physically – infrastructural, architecture, economic, design and management were identified that separated to 24 main criteria and 89 sub criteria. In this case, the most of the sub criteria of cultural– social aspect with 19 criteria and the least of the sub criteria were in the management criteria. The results of Delphi for criteria showed that tourism, environmental, cultural–social physically– infrastructural, architecture, economic, design and management group criteria had 1 to 8 priorities respectively. According to the survey conducted for the sub level effectiveness is prone village of the selection process, 8.3% of the sub floor with enormous influence, 22.6 percent of the class of high – impact, moderate – impact, 35.7 percent and 33.4 percent are located in low – impact class. Also the result indicated that attractions and tourist destinations, demand and market tourism, land cover, climate, safety, environmental hazards, tourism roads criteria had the highest priority respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Morphological and anatomical investigation of Rhizocarpon disporum and its distribution in Razavi Khorasan province
مهرو Haji Moniri صالح KamyabiRhizocarpon is a large lichen genus containing approximately 200 species worldwide that was, together with Catolechia, Epilichen, and Poeltinula, placed in the Rhizocarpaceae (lichenized Ascomycota). The genus is cosmopolitan and the species are mainly found in temperat MoreRhizocarpon is a large lichen genus containing approximately 200 species worldwide that was, together with Catolechia, Epilichen, and Poeltinula, placed in the Rhizocarpaceae (lichenized Ascomycota). The genus is cosmopolitan and the species are mainly found in temperate, Arctic, and Antarctic areas. In the most widely-used classification, the genus has been divided into subgenus Rhizocarpon (yellow-green thallus containing rhizocarpic acid), and Phaeothalus (non yellow-green thalli lacking rhizocarpic acid). The taxonomy of the two subgenera occurring in the Razavi Khorasan province has been revised. 23 patches of thallus of Rhizocarpon disporum (Naeg. ex Hepp) Müller Arg. were taken from five localities in the altitudinal range about 1350-1730 meter of Razavi Khorsan province. The specimens were identified using a stereomicroscope, a normal light microscope with mounts in tap water, 10 % KOH and KI, the usual color tests and thin layer chromatography. Frequencies of Rh. disporum to the total number of the species of the genus with the quality of its distribution have been determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Introduction to the flora, Life form and plant geographical distribution of Deh Zaman iron mine in Bardascan (Razavi Khorasan province)
محمدرضا Joharchi مه لقا Ghorbanli فاطمه AsadollahiIn this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by usin MoreIn this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by using of indispensable references. Alphabetically list of taxa in this region was provided on the base of families and scientific name. Collected plants are transmited to Herbarium of Reserch Center for plant Sciences in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. The life form of plant species was determined by using of Raunkiaer’s method. The plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including 29 families, 75 genera and 95 species the more species belong to Asteraceae with 12 species. Life forms of plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including: 68.42% therophyte and 12.63% hemicryptophyte, 8.42% geophyte, 5.26% chamephyte and 5.26% phanerophyte. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Ethno pharmacology and investigation secondary metabolites of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. in two natural regions, North of Iran
معصومه Mazandarani مایا بیک BeykMohammadi هومان BayatPerovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in MorePerovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in traditional medicine of this regions for treatment of their current ailments. In this research flowering aerial parts and of plant were collected in two natural habitats (1074m in Chamanbid region and 2300m in Shahkooh) respectively, from silty clay loam soils. Methanolic extracts were obtained for evaluated of quantities of flavonoids, phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and analysed by Pearson chisquare in p<0.05. Ethno pharmacological data were obtained from rural healers and Sheepers due to its important ecological effects it has been used by the rural healers as a tonic, anti septic, anti inflammation, rheumatic pain, expel worms and treat leishmaniosis especially with combination to another medicinal plants. The quantities of flavonoide, total phenol and anthocyanin were increased in higher region (2300m), especialy to confirm rural believed about P. abrotanoides, which more effective in mountainous region to treat of their current ailments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The study of wild pistachio growth sites in south Khorasan province
mj Seghatoleslami محسن Pouyan ، سید غلامرضا . MousaviWild pistachio is one of the drought resistant species that grows in arid and semi- arid hilly areas. In addition to its industrial and feed uses, the plant species can affect biodiversity, especially in wildlife. The study of wild pistachio growth sites can help us to MoreWild pistachio is one of the drought resistant species that grows in arid and semi- arid hilly areas. In addition to its industrial and feed uses, the plant species can affect biodiversity, especially in wildlife. The study of wild pistachio growth sites can help us to reduce the damage of national capital. This investigation was conducted to study wild pistachio growth sites in south Khorasan province. The main locations where have wild pistachio are: Margh (suburb of Darmian), Chenesht (suburb of Sarbishah), Chahkand (suburb of Birjand), Shah Soleiman-e- Ali (suburb of Khoosf) and Afzal Abad (suburb of Nehbandan). In these locations, soil pH and texture were often alkaline and sandy- loam. The soil contained less sufficient nitrogen and phosphor. The observed wild pistachio trees in Margh and Chenesht belong to Pistacia atlantica and P. khinjuk, but there was any one species (P. atlantica) in other places. Afzal Abad and Margh had the highest number of wild pistachio trees. Young wild pistachio trees were not observed there, probably due to recent droughts. It is recommended planting and irrigating of wild pistachio seedlings in these two areas, for keeping and increasing of vegetation. Respect to exist seedling in Chahkand and Chenesht it can be concluded that wild pistachio vegetation can be developed in these two areas. As a result of spreading Recurvaria pistaciicola in some areas (especially, in Afzal Abad) it is necessary to study different control methods. In the case of economical revenue from these vegetations, it is recommended to study about resin extraction (especially, in Afzal Abad) and grafting of pistachio on wild pistachio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Aut ecology and phytochemical survey of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. with ethnopharmacology and floristic spectrum of medicinal plants in Bovanlou region (Northern Khorasan province)
aazam ghaviandam bovanlo masoumeh MazandaraniThis study was in order to investigation of morphological, ecological requirement, phenology, ethnopharmacological information and phytochemical of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in northern Khorasan province (Bovanlou -1728 m), randomly. In many field observation, the i MoreThis study was in order to investigation of morphological, ecological requirement, phenology, ethnopharmacological information and phytochemical of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in northern Khorasan province (Bovanlou -1728 m), randomly. In many field observation, the important ecological , phonological parameters and the ethnopharmacological data were recorded . The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected in July, 2013 and dried. The hydro alcoholic extract was obtained by maceration method. The amounts of total phenols and flavonoids were determined in three replicates by using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. The result were showed that the plant vegetative growth occurs in May, followed by flowering in the late June till the end of December. The seeds ripening is achieved during the late November. Based on a floristic study, 30 plant species from 29 genera were identified belonging to 17 families. The richest families were Asteraceae with 6 species (20%) and Lamiaceae with 4 species (13%), respectively. The highest proportion of life forms belonged to therophytes (43%) and geophytes (27%), respectively. Likewise, the highest proportion of chorotypes belonged mediterranean elements (40%), followed by to Irano-Touranian elements (36%). The ethnopharmacological survey were showed that it has been used traditionally as antiseptic and stimulating to treat of gastric ailments, fever few, common cold and digestive discomfort. According to results, TF and TP content of plant were 21.2 ± 0.19 mg QUE g-1 DW and 91 ± 0.06 mg GAE g-1 DW respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Ferula assafoetida L. from Semnan and Khorasan provinces
Morteza Mehrpour Bahareh Kashefi Mohammad MoghadamThis study was evaluated in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Ferula assafoetida L. in Semnan and Khorasan-Razavi provinces. The plant samples were collected in May 2013, the total phenolic was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu, total flavonoid by Alumin MoreThis study was evaluated in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Ferula assafoetida L. in Semnan and Khorasan-Razavi provinces. The plant samples were collected in May 2013, the total phenolic was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu, total flavonoid by Aluminium chloride , tannin contents by Folin- Denis and the antioxidant capacity were measured utilizing DPPH and FRAP methods. Results of variance analysis were showed that the highest total phenols content (1.014 and 2.8 mgGAE/1 g) was observed in leave extract of Khorasan and Semnan provinces, respectively. The maximum tannin contents (0.00194 mg/ml) was observed in stem and leave extracts of Khorasan and Semnan provinces .Also the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method (1111.08 and 731.61 µg/ml) was observed in root extract of Khorasan province samples. The maximum antioxidant activity content were obtained in leave extract of Semnan by FRAP method (2.85 mg/ml). In general the highest content of total phenol and flavonoid was obtained in leave and root extracts of plants in Semnan province. But the root extract of Khorasan had the maximum antioxidant capacity (1111.08 µg/ml).Therefore it may be stated that Mojen region in Semnan province had higher antioxidant activity than Khorasan region. So the quality of antioxidant compounds of Ferula assafoetida L. was depending on variation of environmental factors and plant parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Evaluation of different extraction methods on essential oil composition of Sclerorhachis platyrachis Boiss. by using micro extraction and hydro distillation
Mehdi NekoeiIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction method in the literature. This is mainly due to the particular advantages it has over traditional extraction methods such as reduced extraction time, minimal amounts of th MoreIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction method in the literature. This is mainly due to the particular advantages it has over traditional extraction methods such as reduced extraction time, minimal amounts of the samples and lack of need for solvents. The aerial parts of Sclerorhachis platyrachis Boiss. in blooming were collected from Afchang village in Sabzevar from Razavi Khorasan Province, 1530m in July 2015. The essential oils were obtained by headspace solid phase micro-extraction ( HS-SPME) and hydro-distillation (HD) methods and were analyzed by GC/MS. Results were showed that 22 compounds were identified in HD method in which the β-pinene (20.52 %), camphor (18.05 %), α-pinene (15.16 %) and bornyl acetate (12.17%) were the major constituents, respectively. Moreover the oil which had been extracted by HS-SPME technique with 29 compounds were mainly composed of β-pinene (25.33 %), α-pinene (13.38 %), limonene (9.69 %) and camphor (8.20 %) as the most abundant fractions. So according to the results, the quality and quantity of essential oils of plant could be changed by using of different extraction methods especially by using of HS-SPME method . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Essential oil composition of Mentha longifolia L. Hudson. in different parts of Fars and Khorasan Razavi provinces
Hassan Feizi zohre hoseeini Safiyeh Vatandoost Jertoodeh masoud alipanahMentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. is belongs to Lamiaceae family which has been used as antiseptic, anti inflammation , astringent , tonic, antispasmodic, carminative and calming. The current experiment was aimed to comparision of quality and quantities of plant essential MoreMentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. is belongs to Lamiaceae family which has been used as antiseptic, anti inflammation , astringent , tonic, antispasmodic, carminative and calming. The current experiment was aimed to comparision of quality and quantities of plant essential oil in different parts of Fars and Khorasan Razavi provinces. The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from ten natural regions in two provinces during summer 2015 . The essential oils were extracted by using water distillation method and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the highest essence efficiency of M. longifolia were reported from Chenaran, Mashhad and Kashmar regions in Khorasan province. The highest of 1,8-cineole (36.47%) and mentole (16.3%) were reported from Fasa region, but pulegon with 45,2-49.5% were obtained from Kuvar and Bavanat region, respectively and finaly the highest of piperiton oxide (18.3%) and piperitenone (55.3%) were reported from Kazerun region in Fars province. So in conclusion, the M.longifolia due to the presence of more variation multiple compounds have significant potential for use in domestication and breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Ethnobotanical study in Maneh and Semelghan regions of North Khorasan
Pooya Arvin Rana FirouzehEthnobotany or botanical ethnography is the knowledge of documenting of traditional unwritten information in order to make optimal use of resources and effeectively protect of biodiversity and cultural information.Due to the diversity of vegetative cover in North Khoras MoreEthnobotany or botanical ethnography is the knowledge of documenting of traditional unwritten information in order to make optimal use of resources and effeectively protect of biodiversity and cultural information.Due to the diversity of vegetative cover in North Khorasan province and also many traditional and scientific sources, a study in 2020 was carried out to identify the medicinal plants of Maneh and Semelghan regions and use of the knowledge and experience of the indigenous people to introduce the properties and unknowns dimension of medicinal plants. Information about various aspects of plants such as traditional uses and how to use and sampling time of plants by preparing a questionnaire in the form of face-to-face interview and participatory observation were collected from experienced natives. The results of the present study showed that out of 106 species of medicinal plants, 18 species belonged to the Lamiaceae family, followed by the Asteraceae family with 17 species and the Apiaceae family with 12 species respectively. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) with 385 reports to relieve digestive and respiratory problems and Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) with 366 reports for treatment of digestive and skin diseases and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) with 358 reports to treat systematic and respiratory diseases showed the highest Use of Report, respectively. Also Glycyrrhiza glabra with 0.98, Cichorium intybus with 0.95 and Thymus transcaspicus with 0.93 had the highest rate of Relative Frequency of Citation index, respectively. In terms of biological form, 48 species of Hemicryptophytes, 21 species of Phanerophytes, 17 species of Therophytes, 12 species of Chameophytes and 8 species of Geophytes were identified in the region. The findings of this study show that the ethnobotanical information of the people of this region can provide a good basis for identifying the new therapeutic effects of plants, better use of medicinal plants and their products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Urban Population Systems in Iran: A comparative analysis of southern Alborz and Khorasan regions
Javad Rahmani Esfandyar ZebardastUrban systems in each country explain how the interaction of regional cities happen. In this study, we have analyzed the spatial distribution of city population on ten regions of national and regional physical plans, the years 1956 to 2011 are discussed and has bee MoreUrban systems in each country explain how the interaction of regional cities happen. In this study, we have analyzed the spatial distribution of city population on ten regions of national and regional physical plans, the years 1956 to 2011 are discussed and has been analyzed both the urban population system and the ten physical regions. Of the ten regions of national and regional physical plans, two regions of the southern Alborz (Including the provinces of Tehran, Markazi, Semnan, Zanjan, Qazvin, Qom and Alborz) and Khorasan (Including the provinces of South Khorassan, Razvi Korasan and North Kohorasan) ,respectively, had the highest and lowest rates of change between the ten regions. In the follow-up analysis , indicators such as the first twenty positions in the years 1956 to 2011, the analysis of the actual population and population number of twenty cities Primary of the region in relation to the theoretical Zipf in 2011 and also the analysis of primacy city and decentralization city in the South Khorasan and Alborz, was completed separately. Finally, a comparison between Khorasan region and southern Alborz together and with physical national and regional regions determined that southern Alborz region despite its position among the ten regions was not affected by a change but the intra-regional changes are massive and large altered. Conversely, Khorasan region that on the variations between Regions has been a fundamental change, in the intra-regional variations was found in relative comfort. The study also revealed that due to the changes between regional, it cannot be possible to make an intra-regional analysis and predictions are imposssible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The influence of Al-Safa Brotherhood ideas on the Sarbdarieh movement
Mostafa abdollahi Ramin Yelfani mahboobeh sharafiThe Al-Safa Brotherhood has been a community of philosophers and scientists. They have influenced movements such as the Sarbadars with their theories about religion, government and justice. The conditions that the society faced in the fourth and eighth centuries AH had MoreThe Al-Safa Brotherhood has been a community of philosophers and scientists. They have influenced movements such as the Sarbadars with their theories about religion, government and justice. The conditions that the society faced in the fourth and eighth centuries AH had provided the ground for the emergence of the Al-Safa Brotherhood and the Sarbadars, and it is behind these backgrounds that these two declare their existence. The Al-Safa Brotherhood and the leaders were supporters of the Shiite religion and praised Ali (AS) and the Ahl al-Bayt. The Al-Safa Brotherhood believed that the government would reach the hands of the good people, and it was in this direction that the leaders formed their government according to the Al-Safa Brotherhood. According to these materials, the main hypothesis of this research is that the Sarbadars, under the influence of the teachings of the Al-Safa Brotherhood in the religious and political dimensions, were able to establish the discourse of their government. And the main question is in what areas was the influence of the leaders of the Al-Safa Brotherhood and to what extent was this influence manifested in their government? This article has been done using main sources and researches and relying on descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Effectiveness Off Imam Reza’s Religion Arguments For Shiite Expansion. (Greet Khorasan,Third Hejira Century)
mohamad javad jafarii Sayyed Asghar Mahmoodabadi keyvan loloie hamidrza jadidiAbstract:The people of Greater Khorasan converted to Islam in the first half of the first century AH. At that time, Shiism had few supporters, but from the beginning of the third century, despite the authority of the Sunni Abbasid rulers, Shiism became the dominant reli MoreAbstract:The people of Greater Khorasan converted to Islam in the first half of the first century AH. At that time, Shiism had few supporters, but from the beginning of the third century, despite the authority of the Sunni Abbasid rulers, Shiism became the dominant religion of the people of Khorasan. This work began with the presence of Imam Reza and his actions. This fundamental research seeks to answer the question of how much the Imam's religious debates and his precise actions were the source of the spread of Shiism? The answer obtained after reviewing historical and analytical documents and books shows that this method of the Imam was the best model for the spread of Shiism in the face of scholars of other religions, with a precise understanding of the crises of Islamic society, looking to the future, and adopting intelligent political and cultural positions and strategies. Is. It caused non-Muslims and Muslims of other sects to become interested in Imami Shi'ism and to accept Shi'ism as their religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Actions of Mohammad Bager Pirnia during the governorship period in Mashhad
Hamzeh Kavosi Monirh kazemirashed Seyyed Hossein Raeis al-Sadat Sharzad SasanpurMashhad city between 1346 and 1350. And during the governorship period of Mohammad Baqer, Pirnia underwent major changes. The main question of this research is what role Pirnia's construction measures played in the physical development of Mashhad. The physical deve MoreMashhad city between 1346 and 1350. And during the governorship period of Mohammad Baqer, Pirnia underwent major changes. The main question of this research is what role Pirnia's construction measures played in the physical development of Mashhad. The physical development of the city is a continuous process during which the physical boundaries of the city and its physical spaces expand in longitudinal and transverse directions in terms of quantity and quality. The physical expansion of cities and villages towards each other causes the annexation and integration of villages into cities and as a result the physical development of cities. The components of the development of Mashhad are: 1- How to spread new civilizational institutions in the city, 2- The arrival of new thoughts and ideas in relation to urban planning, 3- The existence of Razavi Shrine in order to accept immigrants and pilgrims and to settle it. in Mashhad. In this article, the examples of the physical development of Mashhad city and its surrounding issues are described and analyzed, and therefore, based on the nature of the subject, this research is presented in a descriptive and analytical method and based on library and documentary sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - An attitude on the historical and geographical origin of Ravandiyeh
morteza bahmani mehdi goljan mahboobeh sharafiAs a result of Umayyad injustices, Iranians were ready to join the anti-caliphate uprisings. In this regard, Ravandiyas were a sect that played an effective role in the uprising of the Abbasids against the Umayyads. Historical and sectarian sources have spoken about the MoreAs a result of Umayyad injustices, Iranians were ready to join the anti-caliphate uprisings. In this regard, Ravandiyas were a sect that played an effective role in the uprising of the Abbasids against the Umayyads. Historical and sectarian sources have spoken about the existence of different groups and sects called Ravandiyas in different regions of Iran, which is their historical and geographical origin. Not specified. The central question of the current research is that what historical and geographical background did Ravandiye sect have? The proposed hypothesis is that Rawandiyya is a sect that was formed during the continuation of the anti-Khilafah movements after the killing of Abu Muslim in Khorasan. The present research has reached the conclusion that although Ravandiyeh is attributed to Khorasan, but traces of this thought can be seen in other geographies as well.The present research has reached the conclusion that although Ravandiyeh is attributed to Khorasan, but traces of this thought can be seen in other geographies as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Iranian movement against Abbasids with emphasis on Ravandieh
morteza bahmani mahdi goljan mahboobeh sharafiThe Iranians, who, after becoming acquainted with Islam and its rites - education, justice, and human dignity - fell in love with the religion, became embroiled in an intellectual conflict with the advent of the Umayyad and Abbasid regimes, which acted contrary to Islam MoreThe Iranians, who, after becoming acquainted with Islam and its rites - education, justice, and human dignity - fell in love with the religion, became embroiled in an intellectual conflict with the advent of the Umayyad and Abbasid regimes, which acted contrary to Islamic slogans. From the very first months of the Abbasid rule, successive uprisings and movements were formed against them in different parts of Iran and Iraq, and caused their weakness and collapse in many areas and led to their downfall. The central question of the present study is that With what reasons and motives did the Ravandians revolt against the Abbasids? The hypothesis is that the Abbasids' lack of loyalty to their original slogans, as well as the removal of the main leaders of the uprising, was the main motive for the Rwandan uprising. The present cover is organized based on the main sources and with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Explaining The economic behavioral components of the Umayyads in Khorasan and Transoxiana
Eslam Keramati farinaz hooshyar FEzola BoshasbGosheAbstractIn explaining the components of economic behavior, the actions and conscious actions of the umayyads to achieve the selected goals are analyzed. In economic behaviorism, economic man and his behavioral characteristics are considered. The purpose of this study is MoreAbstractIn explaining the components of economic behavior, the actions and conscious actions of the umayyads to achieve the selected goals are analyzed. In economic behaviorism, economic man and his behavioral characteristics are considered. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the components of Umayyad economic behavior in khorasan and Transoxiana, which was one of the important areas of the Islamic Caliphate. The findings of the present study, which are descriptive_ analytical, show that Umayyads aimed to maximize financial benefits and quickly seize the economice resources of the region. Their economic activities ranged from violence to reformism. Along with aggression and looting, collective action, exploitation of available financial resources were some of the main components of the Umayyad economic behavior in khorasan and transoxiana. Corrective actions are seen to reduce public discontent and riots. The Umayyad economic behavior was the result of deviating from Islamic values, changing financial rules, and applying customary, traditional, and tribal practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The position of rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of khorasan in the 6th century AH
mohammadreza saidi zohair siamian sina forouzeshThe end of the fifth century AH in the history of Khorasan with The end of the fifth century, throughout the sixth and seventh centuries AH is one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism. The emergence of many great Sufi elders, the establishment of the o MoreThe end of the fifth century AH in the history of Khorasan with The end of the fifth century, throughout the sixth and seventh centuries AH is one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism. The emergence of many great Sufi elders, the establishment of the oldest organized methods, the formation of some rituals, the growth and development of monasteries as formal social institutions, are prominent features of this period. While the religions of the society were facing each other among the Sunnis and Shiites, the Sufi currents tried to reduce these sectarian differences by presenting unifying concepts. Among these issues were the differences between the Islamic sects, the issue of the caliphate, the Imamate, and the position of my Rashidun caliphs in terms of political legitimacy and ideological superiority, but the Sufi currents tried to define the issue differently by offering a different definition of the issue. Rashidun caliphs should be considered Sufis in Islamic thought and culture. The problem of the present research is what was the position of the personality of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of the sixth century AH in Khorasan? The position of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents seems to be convergently defined, given that Sufism and mysticism have always been the inspiration and unifier of Muslims. In the present study, the typology of religious and social concepts of the life of the four caliphs in Sufi literature has been studied in a semantic way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Investigating the reflection of the expansion of Shiism in Khorasan and its impact on the tomb of Ali ibn Musa al-Reza (AS) in geographical and historical sources from the third century to the end of the Timurid period.
yousof zohorian Ardeshir asadbeigi sharbanoo delbari alireza roohiThe scholars and elders of each religion are very important to their followers. The position of Imam Reza (as) and his grateful tomb have always been popular throughout the history of the people, including Muslim geographers. Also, various groups of people have always t MoreThe scholars and elders of each religion are very important to their followers. The position of Imam Reza (as) and his grateful tomb have always been popular throughout the history of the people, including Muslim geographers. Also, various groups of people have always tried to maintain their religious sites. The collection of buildings and places of honor Aliben- Mussi -al- Reza (AS) is considered to be very beautiful artwork. Because in each of its parts there is a work of art. The appearance of verandahs, porches and flower beds is designed specially by architects and engineers and is made with special designs and numerous architectural, tiling, mirroring, gilding, painting, carving, calligraphy and inscriptions in the courtyard Nourani Imam Reza (AS) and his mausoleum are a reminder of the various artistic manifestations of Iran's different period from the third century AH that fascinated the wonder and beauty of the art as well as the travelers and geographers.The present article tries to identify the viewpoints of tourists and geographers about Imam Reza (AS) with a historical, analytical and descriptive approach. In this research, first, Imam Reza (as) enters Maraw and his martyrdom and then goes to the viewpoint of travelers and geographers about their tomb. By studying the historical and analytical sources of available resources, it seems that the appearance of porches, porches and flower beds, specially designed by architects and engineers, is made with special designs, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The position of rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of khorasan in the 6th century AH
mohammadreza saidi zohair siamian sina forozeshThe end of the fifth century AH in the history of Khorasan with The end of the fifth century, throughout the sixth and seventh centuries AH is one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism. The emergence of many great Sufi elders, the establishment of MoreThe end of the fifth century AH in the history of Khorasan with The end of the fifth century, throughout the sixth and seventh centuries AH is one of the most important periods in the history of Sufism. The emergence of many great Sufi elders, the establishment of the oldest organized methods, the formation of some rituals, the growth and development of monasteries as formal social institutions, are prominent features of this period. While the religions of the society were facing each other among the Sunnis and Shiites, the Sufi currents tried to reduce these sectarian differences by presenting unifying concepts. Among these issues were the differences between the Islamic sects, the issue of the caliphate, the Imamate, and the position of my Rashidun caliphs in terms of political legitimacy and ideological superiority, but the Sufi currents tried to define the issue differently by offering a different definition of the issue. Rashidun caliphs should be considered Sufis in Islamic thought and culture. The problem of the present research is what was the position of the personality of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents of the sixth century AH in Khorasan? The position of the Rashidun caliphs in the Sufi currents seems to be convergently defined, given that Sufism and mysticism have always been the inspiration and unifier of Muslims. In the present study, the typology of religious and social concepts of the life of the four caliphs in Sufi literature has been studied in a semantic way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigation comparative curse thematic in the common couplets Mazandaran and Khorasan province
mehdi mahouzi mahmoud tavousi vida saraviThematic is the main spirit humanity thought that it exhibit to different methods in himself. curse is natural reaction downtrodden disable humans. On the opposite power, that impossible fighting together and against with those is inconceivable. Investigation dialogic a MoreThematic is the main spirit humanity thought that it exhibit to different methods in himself. curse is natural reaction downtrodden disable humans. On the opposite power, that impossible fighting together and against with those is inconceivable. Investigation dialogic action curse represent on different dialogic that the most individuals open to lip to curse in time anger or infirm and weak. The among in models common poetry couplets is the nearest and most heartfelt model poetry that communicate easily poet and listener. Studied with method the descriptive analytical curse types and had been imaginable purposes of in more than three thousands common couplets Mazandarani and Khorasani. According to the findings of this study that in the common couplets, curse to girl have uppermost high frequency. The reason of this also have been unfaithfulness and empathetic defeated and lovely. After curse to girl have uppermost high frequency curse to lovely competitor, curse to fortune luck himself, curse to mother girl, curse to girl family and curse to woman. In really be able to total this curses, in false constitution that become cause to exist gap classism. Comparably with fellowship, lovers failure and disability and disappointment humanity on opposite power superhuman have origin natural or human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Reflection of love oaths in native and local couplets of Mazandaran and Khorasan
Vida SaraviOaths like all daily phenomena and creations are full of mythological and ancient symbols, beliefs, and sign in the course of the work and effort and continuity of the people of every lands. In fact, Oaths are a reflection of beliefs, ideas, and culture of how to compro MoreOaths like all daily phenomena and creations are full of mythological and ancient symbols, beliefs, and sign in the course of the work and effort and continuity of the people of every lands. In fact, Oaths are a reflection of beliefs, ideas, and culture of how to compromise and tolerate and continue the social life in each era which is mixed with the specific biological, geographical and cultural characteristics of that age in discussions and searches in anthropology are an expressive and valuable elements. Native and local songs are an important part of oral literature. In folk songs, couplets are a good way to express romantic moods and emotions. In this research, considering library and field method, more than 3000 native couplets of Mazandaran love oaths and 120 Khorasan ones have been studied. Means that about 4% of the romantic oath are observed. These vows are divided into general and specific categories in terms of the content. Based on the classification of types of love oaths and research findings, it can be said that in Mazandaran, the oath of love to God and in Khorasan the oath of love to the Qur'an has the highest frequencies. In the rest of the oaths as: Oath of lover and beloved against each other, Oath of religious sanctity to the beloved loving, oath by the mole on the face, eyes, and eyebrows of the beloved, The oath to the soul of the beloved and his brother, and the oath to the lover of natural phenomena.The statistics of the oaths of love of the two provinces are near to each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Assessing the effect of tax perception justice and trust in government on tax compliance
Ehsan Sadeghi Mohammad Reza Razdar mahmood lari dasht bayazThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the variables of perception of tax justice and trust in the government on tax compliance. Among the variables that influence the tax behavior of people specializing in accounting, the impact of the variables of p MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the variables of perception of tax justice and trust in the government on tax compliance. Among the variables that influence the tax behavior of people specializing in accounting, the impact of the variables of perception of tax justice and trust in the government on tax compliance was investigated. Also, the statistical population of this research includes tax specialists working in the tax office of Khorasan Razavi province (460 people), based on the results of the Morgan table, 210 people were determined as a statistical sample (random sampling method). The experiment and data analysis were done in two ways: using correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis, the findings obtained as a result of the analysis show that (1) there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between trust in the government and tax compliance through the perception of tax justice (mediation), (2) there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between trust in the government and tax compliance, and (3) there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between trust There is a government with a perception of tax justice. Also, the model was tested using structural equation analysis and by SMART-PLS2 software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Study and evaluation of roadside and midway tourist attraction potentials (Case study: South Khorasan)
Rostam SaberifarAccording to tourism department officials of South Khorasan, more that 12 million travelers pass across the province toward south or north regions of the country, while the province itself enjoys very little or nothing of this great potential. For this purpose, descript MoreAccording to tourism department officials of South Khorasan, more that 12 million travelers pass across the province toward south or north regions of the country, while the province itself enjoys very little or nothing of this great potential. For this purpose, descriptive and analytical research method is employed and with sample size of about 300 people, and the designed questionnaires were completed by them. The data that are collected by researcher’s-made questionnaire are analyzed using SPSS data analyzer softwares and SWOT analyzing tool. The results shows that in total, 15 factors are considered as strengths factors of the province, of which the highest point is given to transit capability, i.e. the existence of the west country transit route as the most important transportation path for good and passengers. The lowest point on the other hand is given to associative and people’s contribution in tourism activities of the region. These factors gain a score of 3.93 in total, where developing tourism facilities gain the highest score of 0.60 among them. Upon given information, it is clear that the difference is higher than 2.5, there it can be concluded that the province conditions to deal with sightseeing activities is highly favorable. On this basis, it can be said that the general condition is in favor of external factors, and considering environmental and social constraints of the province, the situation gives hope for more assistance of the government to this province to help it gain advantage of its capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Identification of Marketing Strategies in Literary Tourism: A Case Study of Neyshabour City
seyed Naser Ghadamgahi smaeel ghaderiیکی از انواع گردشگری، گردشگری ادبی است. گردشگری ادبی را میتوان یکی از خوشههای گردشگری فرهنگی و گردشگری میراث دانست که مکانهای مربوط به نویسندگان، فضاهای مرتبط داستانها و کتابها، جشنوارههای ادبی، فیلم ها و تولیدات رسانه ای و مانند آن را در بر میگیرد. ایران نیز به دلیل غن Moreیکی از انواع گردشگری، گردشگری ادبی است. گردشگری ادبی را میتوان یکی از خوشههای گردشگری فرهنگی و گردشگری میراث دانست که مکانهای مربوط به نویسندگان، فضاهای مرتبط داستانها و کتابها، جشنوارههای ادبی، فیلم ها و تولیدات رسانه ای و مانند آن را در بر میگیرد. ایران نیز به دلیل غنای فرهنگی و ادبی که در خود دارد یکی از کشورهای صاحب نام در این حوزه است که میتواند از این میراث ناملموس بهره فراوانی ببرد و در ایران شهرستان نیشابور از لحاظ ادبی دارای موقعیتی ممتاز و خیرهکننده است و بستری مناسب برای توسعه این شاخه از گردشگری به شمار میآید لیکن با وجود ظرفیت بالا، گردشگری ادبی نیشابور رونق زیادی ندارد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش کیفی و تکنیک گروه تمرکز راهکارهایی برای بازاریابی گردشگری ادبی در شهرستان نیشابور شناسایی شد که شامل شش دسته 1. ایجاد پایگاههای تبلیغاتی 2.هدایت مسافران مشهد به نیشابور 3.برگزاری جشنوارههای ادبی مناسبتی 4.آشنا سازی اهالی نیشابور با ظرفیتهای گردشگری 5.طراحی سوغات مرتبط با حوزه ادب نیشابور. 6. طراحی بازیهای متناسب با گردشگری ادبی نیشابور است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Islamic Taxes of Khorasan in the Late Umayyad Era (100-132 AH): A Review of Jurisprudential, Hadith and Historical Data
ali shamsariyan mehrnaz behruziThe issue of finance is one of the most important and significant issues in history. With the rise of Islam and based on the teachings of the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH), new regulations ruled over the economic affairs of Islamic society. With the beg MoreThe issue of finance is one of the most important and significant issues in history. With the rise of Islam and based on the teachings of the Qur'an and the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH), new regulations ruled over the economic affairs of Islamic society. With the beginning of the conquest and expansion of the Muslim realm, they faced new issues that paved the way for important changes in society. The main question of this study is to study the Islamic taxes of Khorasan during the Umayyad period based on jurisprudential, hadith, and historical data. Since economic rulings are the most important governmental rulings and the Umayyad rule is one of the most important dynasties claiming Islam in history, so in this study as a case study of economic rulings issued by Umayyad rulers in Khorasan in the period of 100-132 AH, has been examined and evaluated in accordance with Islamic teachings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Effect of Plant Extracts and Packaging on Control of Microbial Property and Antioxidant Activity of Basil
narjes mansouri Mohammad Moghaddam fatemeh kazemi masomeh bahraini Hussain AroieeIn order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and c MoreIn order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and cellophane packaging on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of basil. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of green tea and Khorasani thyme were prepared. Basil leaves were exposed to concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 percent of the extracts for 15 minutes. Then they were placed in the packaging of cellophane and zip-plast and storage with a relative humidity of 85% and a temperature of 7°C. Reduced bacterial count was measured after basil treatment by the different concentrations mentioned in both extracts. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity basil were measured during the storage period for four periods. 40% concentration of green tea extract reduced the Enterobacteriaceae by 4.48 logarithms in basil samples. Extract concentration of 40% Khorasan thyme and green tea were able to bring coliform bacteria population to zero. In the survey of total phenolic content of basil during storage showed 10% concentration of Khorasan thyme extract at zip-plast packaging and in antioxidant activity of basil samples, 10% concentration of both extracts in zip-plast packaging had the least changes compared to fresh basil. In addition, green tea and Khorasan thyme extracts as natural compounds with high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, along with zip-plast packaging, can be considered for increasing the shelf-life and reducing the microbial pollution of basil Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - کاربرد گیاهان دارویی در منطقه فاروج، استان خراسان شمالی، ایران
آتنا اسلامی فروجی حامد خدایاریسابقه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی یکی از مهمترین منابع در ایران هستند، با استفاده از دانش علمی و استفاده صحیح، آنها میتوانند نقش مهمی را در سلامت جامعه بازی کنند. برخی از اهداف مهم پروژه اتنوبوتانی به نمایش گذاشتن گونههای دارویی رایج، یافتن کاربرد دقیق گونههای گیاهی در میا Moreسابقه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی یکی از مهمترین منابع در ایران هستند، با استفاده از دانش علمی و استفاده صحیح، آنها میتوانند نقش مهمی را در سلامت جامعه بازی کنند. برخی از اهداف مهم پروژه اتنوبوتانی به نمایش گذاشتن گونههای دارویی رایج، یافتن کاربرد دقیق گونههای گیاهی در میان جمعیتهای گوناگون منطقه و اثبات دانش اتنوبوتانی در میان مردم میباشد. مواد و روشها: برای رسیدن به اهداف بالا، مطالعهای در فاروج، استان خراسان شمالی، ایران در محدوده زمانی 1393 – 1394 انجام شد. برای جمعآوری اطلاعات، گامهای متعددی همچون جمعآوری گیاهان، مصاحبه با مردم بومی و توزیع پرسشنامه صورت پذیرفت. برخی شاخصهای مهم همچون فروانی نسبی نقل قول (RFC)، نسبت توافق گویندگان (IAR) و شاخص اهمیت فرهنگی (CI) برآورد شد. به علاوه، آزمون فرض صفر نیز انجام پذیرفت. نتایج و بحث: در مجموع 91 تاکسون متعلق به 29 خانواده شناسایی شد. از میان 91 تاکسون، 73 گونه در منطقه مورد مطالعه رویش طبیعی دارند. خانوادههای Asteraceae و Brassicaceae به ترتیب با 16 و 9 سرده بیشترین فراوانی را به خود اختصاص دادند. در شهرستان فاروج، سایر بیماریها و بیماریهای گوارشی بیشترین بیماریهای قابل علاج بودند. بیشترین قطعات گیاهی که مورد جمعآوری قرار گرفت به ترتیب شامل برگها (22%)، کل اندام گیاه (18%) و دانهها (14%) است. گونه Vitis vinifera L. دارای بیشترین فراوانی نسبی نقل قول و شاخص اهمیت فرهنگی بود. منطقه فاروج دارای پتانسیل عظیمی در رشد گیاهان دارویی است. این تحقیق برای اولین بار در این ناحیه صورت پذیرفت. توصیه صنعتی و عملی: عصاره گیاهان میتواند برای درمان بسیاری از بیماریها استفاده شود و برخی از عصارهها ممکن است فایده جدیدی برای درمان بیماریها داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - بررسی بیان پنج ژن مرتبط با تنش در مرغان بومی خراسان تحت تنش گرمایی حاد
ر. توحیدی م.ر. نصیری ع. جوادمنش آ. جوانمرددمای بالا یکی از فاکتورهای اصلی محیطی مؤثر بر کاهش سود اقتصادی واحدهای پرورش طیور است زیرا، رشد و تولید پرنده را مختل می‎کند. پروتئین‎های شوک گرمایی (HSPs) نقش کلیدی در مکانیسم دفاعی سلولی علیه گرمای محیطی دارند. هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسی میزان بیان ژن&lrm Moreدمای بالا یکی از فاکتورهای اصلی محیطی مؤثر بر کاهش سود اقتصادی واحدهای پرورش طیور است زیرا، رشد و تولید پرنده را مختل می‎کند. پروتئین‎های شوک گرمایی (HSPs) نقش کلیدی در مکانیسم دفاعی سلولی علیه گرمای محیطی دارند. هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسی میزان بیان ژن‎های کاندیدا در کبد مرغان بومی خراسان تحت تنش گرمایی حاد بود. برای این منظور 16 جوجه 42 روزه به دو گروه تقسیم شدند؛ شاهد (دمای محیطی °C25 و رطوبت 50 درصد) و تحت تنش گرمایی (دمای محیطی °C42 و رطوبت 50 درصد)، و سپس از کبد آن‎ها نمونه‎برداری شد. سطح بیان ژن‎های HSPB1، HSPB9، SERPINH1، HSPA2 و HSP110 با روش RT-qPCR اندازه‎گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که بیان ژن‎های HSPA2 و HSP110 به طور معنی‎داری افزایش داشت. سه فرایند از فرایندهای بیولوژیکی هستی‎شناسی ژنی دارای FDR کمتر از 0.01 بودند. ژن‎های HSPA2 و HSPB1 در این فرایندها شرکت داشتند که باعث تحریک سلول‎ها در برابر افزایش دما می‎شدند. این نتایج نشان می‎دهند که مرغان بومی خراسان مقاومت مطلوبی در برابر تنش گرمایی حاد دارند. همچنین، ژن HSPA2توانایی بیان زیاد در دمای محیطی بالا برای حفظ ساختار پروتئین‎های سلولی را دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Sequencing and Molecular Analysis of ATP 6 and ATP 8 of Mitochondrial Genome in Khorasanian Native Chickens
ا. افشاریان م.ر. نصیری -
Open Access Article
133 - Internal Branding Model Design Islamic Azad University of Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan)
هومن امیراحمدی Mehrdad Sadeghi de cheshmeh سیامک کورنگ بهشتیThe aim of the present study is to identify the factors that affect internal branding with emphasis on the cultural approach of the Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch. The research method is qualitative research (ground theory) and is applied in terms of purpose. MoreThe aim of the present study is to identify the factors that affect internal branding with emphasis on the cultural approach of the Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch. The research method is qualitative research (ground theory) and is applied in terms of purpose. Interviews were used to collect information. The external validity and qualitative reliability of the data have been calculated and confirmed. The statistical population was a group of experts and professors of Khorasgan University, which was initially 9 people and then continued until the final saturation of 12 people. The ground theory method was used to analyze the data. First, categories and concepts were extracted through interviews and with the help of open coding and central coding, and the number of 91 open codes and 29 central categories was obtained. Internal branding is to increase employees' commitment to the organization; Of course, this will be achieved if the senior managers support the activities of human resources management and also the employees of the organization. The more this support, the commitment of the employees in the organization will increase and the internal brand will be better formed. Also, human resource managers were familiar with all factors of human resource management, such as the processes of recruitment, retention, performance evaluation, training, development, health and safety, communication, suggestion system, etc., and their main problem is the lack of implementation of these processes due to various reasons such as culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Assess the Levels of development Health services With the model Multiple Criteria Decision Making(Case study: city of Khorasan Razavi province)
M. mousavi A. meshkini M. veysian M. hosseiniHealth services In city surface with health and health mental of the citizens of Relationship Direct are. Improve Condition the health of citizens is a sign of the promotion of and human development. Assess the Levels of development Using quantitative methods Led to the MoreHealth services In city surface with health and health mental of the citizens of Relationship Direct are. Improve Condition the health of citizens is a sign of the promotion of and human development. Assess the Levels of development Using quantitative methods Led to the identification of The inequality Between the areas And the Other effort In Fields Reduction And fixes Inequalities. The present study With the aim of Exploitation The parameters considered, Looking Assessment of Situation distribution And development Health Services The city of the province, Determine the Differences in development Between them And Also Realized the Officials More attention city of Underserved and underdeveloped. Methodology, descriptive analytic And applied research The data consists of 15 indicators of health services from the last census (1390) was received. In this studyusing the model Topsis and Vikor To prioritize city of Khorasan Razavi Based on indicators of health care-The four levels Discussed . Results of the study suggest that Mashhad city as the administrative center of political and economic In situation developed City In terms of indicators Health services are Significant difference with other County There. Cities Nishapur and Sabzevar located on the second level of development And Other Cities In Level Partially Deprived And Deprived Located. Research findings suggests that Deprivation Kelly In the Provincial In terms of Entitlement Indicators of health services Dominates And distribution Health services Available Proportional With the needs Population cities Not carried out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Future of Population and Migration Developments in Cities of Razavi, North and South Khorasan Provinces
ali saffari raad ehsan alipouriGiven that today there are significant developments in the field of urbanization, especially population and migration, so future research and a vision for the future in adopting population policies, strategies and programs can be beneficial and ultimately likely to occu MoreGiven that today there are significant developments in the field of urbanization, especially population and migration, so future research and a vision for the future in adopting population policies, strategies and programs can be beneficial and ultimately likely to occur. To further the desirable future. The purpose of this study is to investigate the future of population and migration changes in the cities of North, Razavi and South Khorasan provinces. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of data collection is also documentary and field. The trend impact analysis method has been used for future research on population changes and migration. The results show that according to population and migration forecasts, the urban population in Khorasan province during the years 1330-1394 has an increasing trend, but the population growth rate will continue to decline, as we approach the coming years the number of migrants. Also reduced. 50 key factors and 13 factors affecting population and urban migration in Khorasan provinces are considered by experts and ratings in micmac software. Using Scenario Wizard software, 3 strong or probable scenarios, 11 high compatibility scenarios and 261 weak scenarios, were extracted. Of the 3 and 11 scenarios, only three scenarios, which are more robust than the other scenarios, show a favorable population and urban migration in the coming years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - On the Analysis of the System Inadequacy of Rural Policy Making by Emphasis on spatial Justice (Case Study: North Khorasan Province)
Majid Poorisa Chafjiry Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin Teimour AmarمThe present article investigates the extent of North Khorasan province's rural areas and the distribution of rural services, analysis of the correlation between variables in the analysis of planning failure of North Khorasan Province planning system. This paper has an MoreمThe present article investigates the extent of North Khorasan province's rural areas and the distribution of rural services, analysis of the correlation between variables in the analysis of planning failure of North Khorasan Province planning system. This paper has an applied purpose and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this paper, Vikor method, standard deviation ellipse method for service ranking, for cluster analysis and facility concentration, Moran method and multivariate correlation method were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Case studies of North Khorasan Province villages that are aggregated at the rural scale and the indices used to classify the villages are: employment, agriculture, housing quality, ownership, literacy, population, education, network, health facilities, Tourism, Technology and Communications, Facilities and Equipment, each with different subfields. The results showed that the districts located near the center of the province are among the most favored ones and the districts located far from the center of the province are classified as unaffected. Also, multivariate correlation analysis shows that there is an inverse relationship between proximity to the center of the province, so that the greater the distance from the center of the province, the less is the occupancy of the villages. On the relationship between population and enjoying level, it indicates direct and positive correlation. The more the village population grows, the more the rural population enjoying occurs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Evaluation of geomorphologic landforms for the development of Human Settlements (Case Study:Southwest Township of Razavi Khorasan Province(
Mousa Abbasi Mazhar AhmadiDevelopment and establishment of settlements in direct contact with the natural base and geomorphology effects. Because of the topography and geology of the study area has certain limitations in terms of localization and development of their human settlements. In order MoreDevelopment and establishment of settlements in direct contact with the natural base and geomorphology effects. Because of the topography and geology of the study area has certain limitations in terms of localization and development of their human settlements. In order to reduce the risks of the South West province of Khorasan Razavi and modify future plans of development and human settlements, to assess the feasibility of the study area was investigated. After studies and library and a selection of appropriate measures, using phase logic models, and GIS software to help, areas prone to develop settlements were determined. In this study was to identify suitable areas for development and the creation of settlements in the study area based on Landform, from eleven parameters, slope, aspect, elevation, soil, land use, elevation, distance to fault, distance from the river, away from the road distance from settlements, geomorphology as independent variables in recognizing the potential and geomorphological constraints in the region were selected. Finally, after zoning based on phase model, the results showed that about 61 percent of the study area is located on the floors very poor and poor, which means unfavorable geomorphological conditions in this part of the study area to develop settlements are human. About 16.40% of the study area has average conditions for the development and creation of new human settlements respectively. And about 23 percent of the area under study geomorphological area of favorable conditions for construction activity and the construction of new residential areas are. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Cognition and Analysis the Development Currents of Infrastructure (Case study: Rural Areas of North Khorasan province)
leila sayyad bidhendi farhad barandakAmong the signs of non-development are the existence of inequality and its various aspects for the resolving of which we have to consider how development indicators in different levels are distributed. In this study, prometheus model, which is a flexible model in quanti MoreAmong the signs of non-development are the existence of inequality and its various aspects for the resolving of which we have to consider how development indicators in different levels are distributed. In this study, prometheus model, which is a flexible model in quantitative and qualitative data analysis, has been used and it has been tried to create the best understanding of variables. In accordance with Prometheus approach, along with the concepts of prioritization, ranking, classification, rating and ranking options, the concept of "flow Packaging of Places" named. In this cross-sectional study to assess the rural areas of counties of North Khorasan in the period 2011 (according to the latest published official data) in terms of indices of development of energy infrastructure and communications, is used Prometheus version 2 that has a Packaging approach. Indicators derived from official sources (such as the Encyclopedia of Counties province), is tuned as a proportion and to their weighting is used network analysis method. The research approach and using the tools VP, assessment and integrated view of the development of the province (as an option), according to analysis by GAIA and practical GAIAWEB. To data analysis was done using Visual PROMETHEE and Super Decision software. In accordance with the overall results obtained from the comparative cities, only two township has a positive net worth, which in the meantime, the township of Jajaram a net outflow of 0.098, has highest enjoyment of infrastructure facilities in rural areas. To balance the province, according to the priority areas, in accordance with the results of this study are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - ارزیابی اثرات تغییرات اقلیمی بر منابع آب زیرزمینی استان خراسان جنوبی با استفاده از رویکرد سیستم دینامیک
مصطفی تیموری سیدمهدی میردامادی Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hosseini هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی بر منابع آب زیرزمینی استان خراسان جنوبی می باشد، در این راستا این مسئله با استفاده از رویکرد پویایی سیستم طی مراحل مدل سازی پویایی سیستم شامل بیان مسئله، شرح سیستم، توسعه مدل، تست مدل و استفاده از More هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثرات تغییر اقلیم و خشکسالی بر منابع آب زیرزمینی استان خراسان جنوبی می باشد، در این راستا این مسئله با استفاده از رویکرد پویایی سیستم طی مراحل مدل سازی پویایی سیستم شامل بیان مسئله، شرح سیستم، توسعه مدل، تست مدل و استفاده از مدل برای تجزیه و تحلیل سیاست ها دنبال شد و تاثیر اعمال سناریوهای مختلف برونزا شامل سناریوهای خشکسالی، مدیریت عرضه آب و رشد جمعیت ارزیابی گردید و رفتار متغیرهای حجم منابع آب و حجم سرانه آب تجدید پذیر استان طی سال های 1392 تا 1420 از طریق کاربرد نرم افزار Vensim شبیه سازی شد. اطلاعات مورد نیاز با مراجعه به سازمان های زیربط مانند سازمان آب منطقه ای خراسان جنوبی، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان جنوبی و مرکز آمار ایران جمع آوری گردید و اطلاعات ورودی مدل در قالب فایل اکسل به مدل فراخوانی شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که سناریوی کنترل بهره برداری از منابع آبی، اثر مثبت چشمگیری بر موجودی آبخوان های استان خراسان جنوبی داشته به طوری که موجودی آبخوان های استان در سناریوی اعمال کنترل بهره برداری از منابع آب، نسبت به سناریوی عدم کنترل در خشکسالی های مختلف، در تمامی سال های مورد بررسی، تفاوتی فاحش داشته است، همچنین نتایج بررسی آب تجدید پذیر استان نشان می دهد که خشکسالی ها تاثیر منفی بر حجم آب تجدید پذیر استان داشته و وجود خشکسالی ها به همراه افزایش نرخ جمعیت، سرانه آب تجدید پذیر استان را کاهش داده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigating the Effect of Variations in Irrigation Water Price on Cropping Pattern and Gross Margin under Uncertainty (Case Study: Khorasan Razavi)
Mostafa Mardani Saman Ziaee Elham Kalbali Samira SoltaniWater shortage crisis is an issue that has led to drasticchanges in different agricultural policies, especially inarid and semi-arid areas. Uncertainty in the amount of resources,e.g. water, used for agricultural production entails risk forfarmers' income and cropping p MoreWater shortage crisis is an issue that has led to drasticchanges in different agricultural policies, especially inarid and semi-arid areas. Uncertainty in the amount of resources,e.g. water, used for agricultural production entails risk forfarmers' income and cropping pattern changes. In the presentstudy, the robust optimization model was used for optimal allocationof arable lands of Khorasan Razavi Province underuncertainty. During the allocation, the effect of water inputprice variations on total gross margin and cropping patternwas considered. It was found that under certain data, both parametersof total gross margin and total acreage are more thanuncertain data. Given that water price variations resulted intangible changes in wheat acreage, it is recommended to adoptappropriate policies to reduce its production risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Identifying Barriers to Documenting the Experiences of the Librarians of the Public Libraries of South Khorasan Province (A Delphi Study)
HamidReza Mahmoodi Nazila MehrabiObjective: Documentation is one of the most important issues in knowledge management. The purpose of this study is to find barriers to documenting the experiences of librarians. Methodology: This present research is applied in terms of purpose and library research and f MoreObjective: Documentation is one of the most important issues in knowledge management. The purpose of this study is to find barriers to documenting the experiences of librarians. Methodology: This present research is applied in terms of purpose and library research and field techniques are used in terms of data collection method. In terms of method, this research is one of the descriptive combined researches that been done through Delphi survey and content analysis (Colaizzi method). The statistical population of this research includes the staff of public libraries South Khorasan province in which 20 members of the community have been selected as a sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Spss software was used to analyze the data of the first stage of Delphi Colaizzi method and the data of the second round of Delphi by descriptive statistic (means and percentage) and also for the analysis of statistical data. Results: The results of the analysis of the interviews reached 43 cods after review and comparison. In the final review, these cods were included in 6 main indicators. In fact, 43 initial obstacles were identified, which were located in 6 main obstacles. The results indicate that a set of cultural, educational, personal, infrastructural, regulatory and technological barriers prevent staff and information experts from documenting experience. According to analysis, individual barriers are closely related to other barriers. Conclusion: The subject of research and method of conducting this research are original. By documenting the experiences, the knowledge and experiences of the employees of the relevant organization are prevented from leaving and also, this document can be used as a reference source for the future work of the organization, and modeling it will greatly help the optimization and development of the organization (libraries). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - اقتصاد جنگی چند سطحی در افغانستان و پیامدهای آن برای صلح
Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Farzad Salimifar Ali Karimi Magham -
Open Access Article
143 - Q analysis in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach)
کاظم چراغ بیرجندی شکرانه فتاده AbstractThe present study was conducted to analyze Q in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach). The research method was applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and was of More AbstractThe present study was conducted to analyze Q in the development of public sports in South Khorasan province (with a social marketing approach). The research method was applied in terms of exploratory purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and was of mixed research type (qualitative-quantitative). In this study, 10 public sports activists of South Khorasan province were selected as the target population and interviewed with them based on Q method and cards based on Q propositions were distributed among them. Based on the distributed cards, 32 final propositions were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, according to the findings and results of Q factor analysis, it was found that there is no mental model in relation to the factors affecting the development of public sports in South Khorasan Province (with a social marketing approach). According to these 9 models, it can be concluded that economic factors and financial support are the driving force for the development of public sports in South Khorsan province. Sport One can hope for the development of public sports in South Khorasan Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The role of concise knowledge in determining the actuality of rulings from the perspective of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini
Khadijah Ahmadi BighashIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but co MoreIn the science of principles, science is divided into two categories of details and conciseness. These two sciences help the mujtahid and the jurist in expressing and discovering the religious rules. Detailed science means that the principle of the task is clear, but concise science means comprehensive knowledge with doubt in its place of establishment. So, there is a consensus that this science is as comprehensive as its homework, but the task of concise science is more controversial than more comprehensive. Now the question is what are the effects of the necessity of definite agreement or the sanctity of definite opposition in general science, from the point of view of Akhund Khorasani and Imam Khomeini in expressing the rulings. A descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows that Akhund Khorasani (RA) in general science, my act is in all respects, so his definite opposition is forbidden, and his definite agreement is obligatory. But if the concise knowledge of Lamen's actuality had all aspects, the concise knowledge in both positions includes task-making. Imam Khomeini (ra), unlike the late mullah (ra), believes that with the existence of concise knowledge in the necessity of definite agreement, definite opposition is forbidden and a possible agreement is sufficient. That is, there is no need to leave everyone around the issue. This makes it not permissible to commit an ugly act in the event of a conflict with a stronger corruptor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Red Herring in the Words and Behaviors of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr
Samareh Ashrafi Malek Mohammad FarrokhzādThe reversal of affairs or inversion of meanings is the base of many ideas of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr in his book, Asrar al-Tawhid (The Mysteries of Unification). They can explain one of the most important reasons of attractiveness of this highly valuable mystical book. So, MoreThe reversal of affairs or inversion of meanings is the base of many ideas of Abū-Saīd Abul-Khayr in his book, Asrar al-Tawhid (The Mysteries of Unification). They can explain one of the most important reasons of attractiveness of this highly valuable mystical book. So, in this paper, first of all, some kinds of inversion of meanings are introduced, cases like preferability of wealth over poverty, the superiority of joy over retirement, superiority of tolerance over revenge and etc.. One of the main reasons for this kind of attitude is the adherence to intoxication (sokr) against sobriety (sahv) in Abū-Saīd's ideas. When he promotes moral values, explains his own states or others' moods and caters to the spiritual and material needs of all people, he uses literary language and has different approaches to the norms of his contemporaries. In this way, depending on the audience's position, Abū-Saīd chases a red herring. By using this method, he struggles with the Sufi pride of his age. In the present article, the research methodology is descriptive-analytical method. Also, new findings about Asrar al-Tawhid are taken into consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Investigating the Impact of Investment on Value Added of Tourism Industry in the Framework of Regional Economy: A Case Study of Khorasan Razavi Province
Hadi Rafi Darani Mahsa Bahrami Nesab Javad Brati Fatemeh RahmaniAbstract Today, the tourism industry is one of the main and stable foundations of the world economy, which can affect other economic and cultural activities by creating the maximum amount of added value. The tourism industry in Khorasan Razavi province can plan and use MoreAbstract Today, the tourism industry is one of the main and stable foundations of the world economy, which can affect other economic and cultural activities by creating the maximum amount of added value. The tourism industry in Khorasan Razavi province can plan and use the province's domestic and foreign investment to develop this sector, grow production, create added value, and increase employment and income sources in the region. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of added value created by the main tourism activities of the province (each of the 12 tourism sectors). Another purpose is to analyze the effect of increasing investment on the value-added of the tourism industry. For these purposes, the updated input-output table of Khorasan-Razavi province (2018) has been used. The results were analyzed by considering two scenarios (proportional investment in all economic sectors of the tourism industry together, and investment in each economic sector of the tourism industry separately). The results showed that if investment in all sectors of tourism, increases by 100 billion rials simultaneously -in total equivalent to 1200 billion rials- (as analytical scenarios), 851718 million rials will be added to the value-added of province's economic activities; Of this amount, 95.5% of value-added creation is directly related to the 12 sectors of the tourism industry. The most direct effect of investment in value creation is related to the wholesale and retail sector, the arts, entertainment, recreation sector and Travel agency services sector, respectively. Also, if investment increases by 100 billion rials in each of the tourism sectors separately, maximum direct value-added creation, results from the "arts, entertainment, recreation" sector. The most important suggestions of this study were, Investing in forming groups and institutions in the province to produce, promote and starting various artistic, recreational and sports activities, investing in designing travel packages on specific topics in the field of travel agency services and providing accommodation services based on travellers' tastes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Assessing Sensitivity to Desertification Using the Fuzzy Overlay Method in Mashhad, Iran
Mostafa Dastorani -
Open Access Article
148 - Studying Short-Time Dynamics of Vegetation and Soil Organic Carbon in a Semi-arid Rangeland (Case Study: Zharf, Khorasan Province, Iran)
Mohamad Taghi Kashki Amr Ali Shahmoradi Ehsan Zandi Esfahan -
Open Access Article
149 - Assessment of Climatic Drought and Its Economic Effects (Case Study: South Khorasan Province)
Sara Nakhaee Nezhad Fard Kamran Karimi Hassan Khosravi -
Open Access Article
150 - Flora, Life Form and Chorology of Winter and Rural Range Plants in the Northern Khorasan Province, Iran
Mohammad Jankju Fereydoon Mellati Zohreh Atashgahi -
Open Access Article
151 - Zoning determine the Sowing date, harvesting date and during the growing season for autumn sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivation in Khorasan Razavi and South Khorasan Provinces
M. A. Javaheri M. R. Asgharipour M. Ramroudi M. Dahmardeh A. GhaemiTo calculate the threshold spring, daily and hourly temperatures during the day and in different years was calculated for each station. In order to determine the best method of interpolation, regression models, inverse distance weighting, kriging and co-kriging were eva MoreTo calculate the threshold spring, daily and hourly temperatures during the day and in different years was calculated for each station. In order to determine the best method of interpolation, regression models, inverse distance weighting, kriging and co-kriging were evaluated. The data analysis and zoning of each layer was performed using SPSS 10.2 ARC GIS. The Results showed suitable planting date for southern part of the Khorasan Razavi Province, in Bardaskan, and in the western part of Sabzevar in this province were determined to be from 27 September to 7 October. This planting date was also recommended for the southern, eastern, and western parts of the South Khorasan Province; and suitable harvesting date for the southern parts of these provinces was from 5 May to 5 June. Because of their temperature limitations, these regions have shorter growing seasons compared to the central areas; nevertheless, they enjoy a larger number of days that are suitable for crop growth, and a greater number of growing degree-days, compared to the central areas. Zoning results showed sugar beet vernalization took place in many of the studied regions, while most regions in the southwestern part of the South Khorasan Province did not receive the total growing degree-days for vernalization and sugar beet plants were not vernalized. In these areas autumn sugar beet cultivation could be recommended only for resistant varieties to bolting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Study on Some of Pistachio Cultivars’ Contamination of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province to Aspergillus flavus
L. Jalali H. Afshari M. Mohammadi Moghadam G. H. Laey A. Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
153 - Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Different Parts of Ferula assafoetida L. in Three Regions of South Khorasan Province
Batool Jalili Sakineh Saeidi-sar Nahid Masoudian Asghar Zarban Mohammad Hasan Namaei -
Open Access Article
154 - The Study of Biological and Biosystematical Characteristics of Capoeta fusca in Southern Khorasan
حامد استواری هومن شجیعی حاجی قلی کمیTo the study of biological and biosystematic characteristics of Capoeta fusca Nikolskii, 1897 in Southern Khorasan province, 225 specimen were collected by Fish nets (with openings of 1 mm) of three location in Lut drainage basin and seven location in Bejestan drainage MoreTo the study of biological and biosystematic characteristics of Capoeta fusca Nikolskii, 1897 in Southern Khorasan province, 225 specimen were collected by Fish nets (with openings of 1 mm) of three location in Lut drainage basin and seven location in Bejestan drainage basin. In the survey were study 11 morphometric character and 6 meristic character of this species. The study of relationship between Total length- Head length, Total length- Body Depth and Head length-Body Depth factors showed they have a positive and significant correlation and have./99 of correlation coefficient and the study Length-weight relationship in this species showed these factors have the growth negatively allometric. Also calculation of the Relative length of glutindex(RLG) and Vacuity index(VI) showed this species is an herbivorous fishand relatively gluttonous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Study of two human infectious bacteria in the kapoors(common carp) intestine in province khorasan razavi
امیر صفاری محمدحسین غفوریانIncidence of food andndash;borne diseases caused by marine product has been increased in recent years. the aim of this study is to evaluate the late of contamination to listeria monocytogenes and E.coli o157H7. In fishes of Khorasan Razavibefore marketing.Forty fish sam MoreIncidence of food andndash;borne diseases caused by marine product has been increased in recent years. the aim of this study is to evaluate the late of contamination to listeria monocytogenes and E.coli o157H7. In fishes of Khorasan Razavibefore marketing.Forty fish samples were taken from 10hatchery then alimentary tract of fishes were cultured in related medias. Isolation of listeria monocytogenes was done by cold- Enrichment method for seven days in 4oc in L.E.B. and suspected colonies transferred in to oxford agar .first identification of this bacteria was done by morphological and biochemical rests. Among suspiuons colonies, 5% were positive for listeria monocytogenes. Isolation of E. coli O157H7 in this regard first the digestion of the fisher were taken out in aseptic condition and after mixing that with brian heart infusion broth wich is a general rich environment after 24 hours selected rich environment of E.Coli , M.Cbroth ,being added , after growth of colony related to E.Coli , from E.M.B typic colony ,peptone water ,B.G broth , T.S.I being added. among suspicions colonies 75% rate of colony suspicious samples of E. coli infection were positive Gypsy and none to serotype O157H7 observe . These rates of contamination might refer to high pollution of pisiculture pools and low temperaturein Khorasan Razavi province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Investigating the individual factors effective on knowledge hiding in science space
Mahdi Hoseinpour Sanjar Salajeghe Mohammad Jalal KamaliThe present study, with a mixed approach, has identified individual factors affecting the knowledge hiding in the scientific space, so this article include in the pluralism of information collection methods. Also, using the "Delphi" method, the conceptual model of indiv MoreThe present study, with a mixed approach, has identified individual factors affecting the knowledge hiding in the scientific space, so this article include in the pluralism of information collection methods. Also, using the "Delphi" method, the conceptual model of individual factors effective on knowledge hiding in science space. In quantitative terms, the statistical sample of this research was 314 employees of Islamic Azad University of Khorasan Razavi. They were selected through random sampling method and were surveyed through standard questionnaires of knowledge hiding (Demirkasimoglu, 2016) and researcher-made individual factors. Statistical data during the first 6 months of 2020 was analyzed and using SEM and Amos software. Individual factors included faithful commitment, personality traits, and communication skills. The results indicate that faithful commitment have a significant relationship with knowledge hiding also personality traits have a significant relationship with knowledge hiding and finally communication skills have a significant relationship with knowledge hiding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - A Short History of Arabs in the Southern Khorasan ( Arab Khaneh region)
Yousof AmouzgarThe first section of this article deals with issues such as the Arab-Iranian relations in the very early days, their migration towards certain regions of Iran, how and in what manner Arabs entered Iran especially in the Khorasan Province, the conquest of this regi MoreThe first section of this article deals with issues such as the Arab-Iranian relations in the very early days, their migration towards certain regions of Iran, how and in what manner Arabs entered Iran especially in the Khorasan Province, the conquest of this region in the first century Hegira, and also the conflicts and wars between them. Next, Arab-Iranian relations after the conquest of Iran during the reign of rightly guided Caliphs, Omavids, Abbasid, feudal systems, Safavid, the condition of their residence and settlement in South of Khorasan, significant tribes and clans in this part of land is pointed out. Finally, Arab Khaneh region whose residents speak Arabic is introduced, and their characteristics in many aspects in particular language and dialect, is investigated. Also different views regarding the Arabs of this region are debated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Notes on Iranian Loanwords in Khorasani Persian
Khorasani Persian is a variety of Persian spoken in the Iranian province of Khorasan, Tajikistan, and northern Afghanistan. These are remnants of Dari Persian which formed and developed at the beginning of the Islamic period in the great Khorasan area. Some words in Kho MoreKhorasani Persian is a variety of Persian spoken in the Iranian province of Khorasan, Tajikistan, and northern Afghanistan. These are remnants of Dari Persian which formed and developed at the beginning of the Islamic period in the great Khorasan area. Some words in Khorasani Persian cannot be considered Persian-origin words historically point of view, because of their Linguistic features they are loanwords from other Iranian languages spoken in Khorasan before the domination of Dari Persian in this area. After an introduction to the formation and spread of Dari Persian in Khorasan, the languages were spoken in the area before the spread of Persian such as Parthian, Sogdian, and other unknown Iranian languages. Some notes on the possible origin of the loanwords, this paper aims to examine some Iranian loanwords in Khorasani Persian and their linguistic features, in order to demonstrate which Iranian language may be the origin of the loanwords. Manuscript profile
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