Various Dimensions of Junaid and Hallaj Dispute in the Light of Khorasan and Baghdad Schools of Sufism

Subject Areas : Islamic Mysticism

Shokrollah  Pouralkhas ¹ (استاد گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی،دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.نویسنده مسئول: [e-mail])
Ahmad  Jabari ² (دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.)
Farshid  Bagheri ³ (دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.)

Received: 2020-12-05 Accepted : 2021-02-20 Published : 2023-03-21

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Abstract :

The effect of the geographical environment on human thinking is a remarkable matter. Islamic Sufism with entering the geographical area of Iran faced new challenges. Iranian mystics and scholars, with a new reading of religion and Quran led the Islamic world gradually to polarization. Soon after, Sufistic romance of Khorasan School was put in opposition to tradition-based Sufism of Baghdad School. Confrontation of these two schools penetrated into fields of thought, politics and society as well. The peak of this conflict was in the death of Hallaj and also the approach the followers of Baghdad and Khorasan schools chose toward that issue. In this study, we discuss the causes and the nature of the confrontation between these two schools. Then, with regard to the importance of Hallaj issue, after investigating the dimensions of Hallaj dispute with Junaid, it became clear that the divergence between these two great mystics had roots in the confrontation of Baghdad and Khorasan schools. These two persons had fundamental disagreements about important issues such as: 1. the political thought, the border between interpretation and explanation of Quran, 3. the meaning of Oneness 4. the conscious rationality and unconsious pondering 5. Arabian servitude and Persian justice- seeking.