شیوه

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating the relationship between the managers' decision-making methods and organizational health of second-degree high-schools in Bojnurd
Tahmineh Shahsavari Royae Afrasiby Hoseinali Bahramzadeh.

Background: decision-making compose the origin and basis of management tasks and a manager's skill can be seen in decision-making, self-efficiency of the tasks and the quality of the services presented by him. Objective: the aim of this research is to investigate the re More

Background: decision-making compose the origin and basis of management tasks and a manager's skill can be seen in decision-making, self-efficiency of the tasks and the quality of the services presented by him. Objective: the aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the managers' decision-making methods and organizational health of second-degree high-schools in Bojnurd. Methods: A descriptive-survey correlational methodology was used to conduct the research and of a total of 383 teachers in second-grade female high-school in Bojnurd, 191 teachers were selected randomly according to Krejici-Morgan Table using a startled random method and the research tools was a researcher-made questionnaire regarding the organizational health index (OHI) by Hoy et al. (1998). The research data were analyzed via SPSS (21) software and using Pearson correlation and multiple regression.Findings: among the methods of decision-making available for the managers, the Participative decision-making method has a higher effect coefficient (0.986) on the organizational health of the schools, and the decision-making methods predict 71% of the organizational health. The organizational health in these schools was 116.92, which is higher than the average level. Conclusion: in order to be able to have a healthy, supportive, high-spirit and trustful atmosphere in the organization, the manager's Participative decision-making methods play an important role in increasing the effectiveness of these decisions Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Āle- zubeīr-’s resources and origins of narrative data in early period of Islam
محمدرضا غضنفری

Āle- zubeīr is one of the families who became famous afterward the rise ofIslam and the name of “Zubīr-ibni-،awwān” and his ancestry has beenrepeatedly asserted in Islamic resources too.Zubīr-ibni-،awwān was not only as a narrator of prophet’s traditio More

Āle- zubeīr is one of the families who became famous afterward the rise ofIslam and the name of “Zubīr-ibni-،awwān” and his ancestry has beenrepeatedly asserted in Islamic resources too.Zubīr-ibni-،awwān was not only as a narrator of prophet’s tradition, but alsoas a companion had effective role in early events of Islam; His wives, sonsand servants quoted events and narrations from his assertions as well. Theavailable works mentioned mostly to political features of his family, whiletheir scientific role neglected- in spite this role was persistent andsignificant.In accordance to pay attention to what is quoted in various resources aboutZubīr-ibni-،awwān-’s narrations and quotations, this essay engages in theirdata as well as their method of quotations and of narrations. Here is alsomentioned their way of transmitting and exposing this tradition tocontemporary and latter class of narrators Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Research in Reading (Qara’a): One of the Important Educational Methods in Muslim’s Educational System
ولی اله برزگرکلیشمی

Studying and analyzing the educational methods is one of the main andsignificant subjects in the history of education in Islam. In factunderstanding the fluctuation of education in Islamic territories anddisclosing the secret of its productivity and stagnation are to a More

Studying and analyzing the educational methods is one of the main andsignificant subjects in the history of education in Islam. In factunderstanding the fluctuation of education in Islamic territories anddisclosing the secret of its productivity and stagnation are to a large extentindebted to analyzing these methods. Reading (Qara’a) was one of the main educational methods in educational institutions in Islamic territories.Although it initially encountered the opposition of some narrators, as one ofthe receiving ways in tradition (Hadith), along with the enhancement of theeducational facilities and implements specially books, and the growth innumber and diversity of teaching halqas, and inefficiency of some oldmethods such as dictation (Imla’), it gradually became the dominanteducational method in tradition and other fields of knowledge. In this paperin addition to studying the early formation of Reading, the opinions of prosand cons of this method and their argumentations are discussed.Subsequently, in addition to explaining general forms of Reading, someother kinds of Reading such as Reading for Sama’, Reading for Correction,Reading for Comprehension have been specifically discussed. EventuallyReading sessions for Quran and its difference with that of other fields ofknowledge and the methods of some eminent professors in Reading havebeen studied and analyzed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Punishment in Qajar Era (1210-1264 AH): The Case of Making Blind
babak rohulamini s.hashem aghajari

The history of making blind as a punishment backed to pre-Islamic Iran. The punishment was prevalent in Iran's criminal justice system until the mid-Qajar period. But it was gradually abandoned. This study aims to investigate the punishment of making blind during the Qa More

The history of making blind as a punishment backed to pre-Islamic Iran. The punishment was prevalent in Iran's criminal justice system until the mid-Qajar period. But it was gradually abandoned. This study aims to investigate the punishment of making blind during the Qajar era and how it was removed from Iran's criminal justice system. The results of this study indicate that the punishment was used in Iran until the early days of Mohammad Shah's reign and it was mainly against the perpetrators of security such as the rebel princes and Khans. It seems that the removal of this punishment was due to the consolidation of Qajar government as well as the impact of Western law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - working conditions and working practices policy affecting the productivity of knowledge workers in Birjand University
zahra rajaei fatemeh banaei

The main goal of this research is to identify working conditions and working practices (work practices, especially self-management behavior) affecting the productivity of knowledge workers in Birjand University. The results of this research identify ways to improve the More

The main goal of this research is to identify working conditions and working practices (work practices, especially self-management behavior) affecting the productivity of knowledge workers in Birjand University. The results of this research identify ways to improve the productivity of knowledge workers and determine The purpose of the present study is applied and in terms of the method used is a descriptive survey . To measure the working conditions and its components, by the theoretical model of Palvalin et al. (2017) and Model 3 S Moladkova (2015), in five dimensions (physical working conditions, workplace social conditions, self-management, self-control, self-organizing) and for variable The affiliate (productivity) is based on the model used by Achieve Hersey and Gold Smith , which has been designed in seven dimensions, such as (ability, clarity, help, incentive, validity, evaluation,environment). It can be concluded that these two variables have a direct and significant effect on the efficiency of faculty members Of course, by comparing the standard coefficient of two variables, it is concluded that the working conditions variable has more effect on the productivity of the faculty members than the variable of working practices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Aggression and Anxiety of Pre-school Children, (Case Study of Pre-school Children in Fardis of Karaj)
Bahareh Nasiri Zeynab mohammadzadeh

The aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied to More

The aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied tools included Bamurind's Parenting Style, Vahedi's children Aggression , and Spence's Children Anxiety Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPPS 21 and LISREL8. 8software. To examine the effects of predicting variables on independent variable, step-by-step regression was used. Significance levels for investigating the hypothesis were considered a=0.01and a=0.05. Results showed that indulgent style, with direction coefficient of -0.19, predicated aggression, while, authoritative style, with direction coefficient of 0.25, could predict anxiety. These findings confirmed the study hypothesizes. In other words, a relationship was revealed between parenting styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigating about Different Post Occupancy Evaluation Models
Ehsan Dorari Jabarooti Amir saeed Mahmoodi

One of the most critical aspects of controlling the quality of a design project, is believed to be the “Evaluation” stage. Architects’ responsibilities are not well defined and reinforced in the design process of a project in our country. On the contra More

One of the most critical aspects of controlling the quality of a design project, is believed to be the “Evaluation” stage. Architects’ responsibilities are not well defined and reinforced in the design process of a project in our country. On the contrary, in the US, the American Institute of Architects contract defines “Post Design Evaluation” as the sixth step of the architect’s responsibilities in a design process. In that country, General Services Administration (GSA) uses Post Occupancy Evaluations (POEs) to assess how building projects perform. The evaluations take a close look at the end-user satisfaction, sustainability, operational effectiveness, and compliance with GSA’s design standards. In contrast to GSA’s building Commissioning Program, which evaluates building performance from project planning through tenant occupancy, a POE evaluates how a building performs six months to two years after occupancy. It provides an overview of how a building functions in operation. During this evaluation five steps recommended as the process steps: a) Determine the appropriate approach; b) Collecting data; c) Analysis; d) Conclusions and data explanation and e) Test the results.GSA’s POE tools and methods are characterized by evaluation of real world performance of occupied buildings:• Physical measurements of indoor environmental quality (acoustics, air quality, lighting, thermal conditions),• Evaluation tools such as space utilization surveys, floor plan analysis, and social network analysis objectively records about the use under occupation space,• “Assessment factors” are assessed conditions by evaluating systems, controls, energy use, and water use, and by interviewing facility managers,• Web-based surveys broadly gauge occupant satisfaction with as-delivered building services and design features.By looking at the massive records of constructing buildings in Iran it is obvious, except for a few percentages, that most buildings do not satisfy their users and inhabitants. Most users complain about the low quality of their projects. Since the users pay a lot of money, they expect to receive a better-quality buildings than what the architects/builders provide. In order to overcome this shortcoming and deficiency in Iran, it is necessary to look at the Post Occupancy Evaluation, and expect the architects to consider that during the design process.Concepts such as “maintenance” and “post occupancy evaluation” seem to be unfamiliar to the field of this profession. As a result, most problems and Difficulties with constructions seem to repeat themselves in most projects.This article makes an attempt to review the importance and necessity of “post occupancy evaluation”. It reviews different methods of evaluation, and it defines the most appropriate evaluation methods during each phase of the design process. Evaluation in architecture is also considered as a method for management control and analysis. Concepts related to evaluation in the field of construction are very broad and they are usually valid during the whole process of design and performance.The results of this article will provide the architects and the constructor managers different Post Occupancy Evaluation models to compare between different evaluation methods within various aspects of “phenomenon”, “process evaluation”, “functional performance” and “technical performance” in a project.... Keywords: Evaluation, Evaluation Methods, Post Occupancy Evaluation, Project Delivery. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - HHC-PSS: Solving the problem of home health care with a resource constrained project scheduling approach
Hamid Reza Yousefzade

In home health care (HHC) problem, the assignment of medical teams to patients and scheduling medical members are done manually, which is a time-consuming process and sometimes are not optimized. In this article, we examine the scheduling assignment of medical teams to More

In home health care (HHC) problem, the assignment of medical teams to patients and scheduling medical members are done manually, which is a time-consuming process and sometimes are not optimized. In this article, we examine the scheduling assignment of medical teams to the patients with a new innovative approach based on resource constrained project scheduling problem. Advantages of proposed approach can be included the use of theorems, standard benchmark problems, and various (meta-innovative) scheduling methods to improve assignment quality, as well as determining the minimum number of human resources required to cover all medical services requested by patients. In this approach, we solve the HHC problem by defining a dynamic priority rule and using the parallel scheduling scheme. Evaluation criteria for evaluating the quality of feasible solutions resulting from scheduling include minimizing the travel time of medical team members, reducing overtimes, maximizing the number of human resources which are used, and so on. The set of feasible solutions satisfy to some constraints such as the total working time in the contracts, the hardware time window of each job, the mandatory breaking time, and the optimal assignment of the medical team to patients (according to the type of service requested by the patient). The numerical results obtained from calling the proposed algorithm on the Kolisch’s benchmarks are presented to evaluate the performance of proposed approach. Based on the results, the proposed algorithm has a high ability to solve the HHC problem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - شیوه های ترجیحی و سبک یادگیری دانشجویان کارشناسی ارشد علوم مدیریت و اقتصاد سلامت دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
زهره سهرابی فاطمه کشمیری

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Comparison the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy and Narrative Therapy on Ways of Solving of Coping with Stress in Women with Chronic Headaches
Samaneh Amirifar Faredeh Hamidi Mojtaba Ansarei Shahidei

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy on problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre- More

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy on problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with a 2-month follow-up phase. The statistical population was all women with chronic headaches who referred to neurology clinics in Tehran in 1402. In the first stage, 45 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method and then they were replaced in 2 experimental groups (15 people in each group) and a control group (15 people) in a simple random way. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was done through SPSS software version 24 in two descriptive and inferential parts. Results: The results showed that both interventions in the post-test and follow-up phase had a significant effect on improving the problem-oriented methods of coping with stress compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of Ben-Ferroni's post hoc test showed that narrative therapy is more effective than solution-oriented therapy on improving problem-oriented ways of dealing with stress (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that solution-oriented therapy and narrative therapy can be used as appropriate treatment methods to improve the problem-oriented methods of coping with stress in women with chronic headaches in centers. Counseling and psychological services should be used, and the priority is to use narrative therapy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The effect of social media on brand community markers, value creation practice, bran trust and brand loyalty (case study: comparison between Apple (Iphone) and Samsung’s (Galaxcy) mobile)
مریم کناره فرد سید علیرضا موسوی

The combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiat More

The combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiator is their platforms. In this article, we explore whether brand communities based on social media (a special type of online brand communities) have positive effects on the main community elements and value creation practices in the communities as well as on brand trust and brand loyalty. For this purpose the users of Apple (Iphone) and Samsung (Galaxy) cell phones in Shiraz are considered as the statistical society which due to the unlimited statistical society and lack of access to all of them, two samples included 196 people has been selected randomly and studied in the third 3 months of year 91 by using the standard questionnaire of the researcher Michael Laroch et al. (2012). On the other hand in order to discuss the relation between the research variables the Pierson correlation and for the hypothesis test of research the path analyse are used to evaluate the structure of the recommended framework. In order to do this SPSS Amos16.0 software is used. This research has about twenty hypothesis which are after the hypothesis analyse and statistical analysis at the surety level of 95% for the Apple’s customer eighteen hypothesis were accepted and two of them were rejected, and for the customers of Samsung, sixteen hypothesis were accepted and four of them were rejected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Effect of Social Media on Brand Community Markers, Value Creation Practice, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty (Case Study: Comparison between Apple (Iphone) and Samsung’s (Galaxy) Mobile)
S. A. Mousavi M. Kenarehfard

The combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiat More

The combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiator is their platforms. In this article, we explore whether brand communities based on social media (a special type of online brand communities) have positive effects on the main community elements and value creation practices in the communities as well as on brand trust and brand loyalty. For this purpose the users of Apple (Iphone) and Samsung (Galaxy) cell phones in Shiraz are considered as the statistical society which due to the unlimited statistical society and lack of access to all of them, two samples included 196 people has been selected randomly and studied in the third 3 months of year 91 by using the standard questionnaire of the researcher Michael Laroch et al. (2012). On the other hand in order to discuss the relation between the research variables the Pierson correlation and for the hypothesis test of research the path analyze are used to evaluate the structure of the recommended framework. In order to do this SPSS Amos 16.0 software is used. This research has about twenty hypothesis which are after the hypothesis analyze and statistical analysis at the surety level of 95%  for the Apple’s customer eighteen hypothesis were accepted and two of them were rejected, and for the customers of Samsung, sixteen hypothesis were accepted and four of them were rejected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The impact of competitive environment and organizational measures on management accounting practices and organizational performance
Asgar Pakmaram Neda Rezaei

Today's business environment is rapidly changing and competitive. These changes are largely in the business environment in which the organization operates there. The prior studies show that both internal and external factors lead to a change in management accounting pra More

Today's business environment is rapidly changing and competitive. These changes are largely in the business environment in which the organization operates there. The prior studies show that both internal and external factors lead to a change in management accounting practices in the organization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the competitive environment and organizational factors on management accounting practices and organizational performance. Internal factors and external factors studied the structure and strategy of the competitive environment and advanced manufacturing technology. Manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange are research society.The results showing changes in the competitive environment with changes in structure and strategy is a positive and significant relationship and Change in strategy also led to a change in the management accounting system.Structural model showed a significant relationship between organizational strategy and management accounting practices and structures that will lead to increased organizational performance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Human Empowerment; case study: Ministry of education and training
Abdolrahim Rahimi Nader Ghanati

Introduction and goal of research: Nowadays scientists believe that human resource is one of the keyfactors in creating real value for organization and institutes. Having confident creative and innovativeemployee in addition to effective leadership method and employees More

Introduction and goal of research: Nowadays scientists believe that human resource is one of the keyfactors in creating real value for organization and institutes. Having confident creative and innovativeemployee in addition to effective leadership method and employees participation is necessary for realcompetition and organization survival. In order to achieve the objectives ‘realization the power ofemployee &sbquo;creation motivation and psychological security among them and so providing the basisfor growth and participation in organization affaires is because of having a interested and trainedmanagers. The propos of this research is reviewing and indentifying effective factors in humanresource empowerment in order to improvement organizational environment methods andorganization.Research methodology: This research is categorized as a descriptive survey. A statistical populationinclude experts&sbquo; managers and senior managers who define vision and long-term actions fororganizations. In this research we use questionnaire for analyzing information also some statisticaltest such as T-Test&sbquo; average test and etc.Findings: Results show that the organizational status of education in terms of leadership, participationand employee job enrichment lower than expected, while in terms of training is suitable. So, we needserious pathology and strengthening of leadership, participation and human resources in education isjob enrichment.Conclusion: Human resource must be considered as a human property in long term. Also humanresource must be considered as basic priorities in organization policies. In defining organizationmission and vision in the consideration employee empowerment causes increasing materialistand spiritual power of organization and using realistic leadership method . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - THE EFFECT OF ADVERTISING METHODS ON THE FLOURISH OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN THE ORGANIZATION OF CULTURAL INHERITANCE, TOURISM AND CRAFTS, AND PRESENTING AN APPROPRIATE MODEL
Z. Broumand S. R. S. Amire A. Heydari

In this article in order to indicate the effect of advertising methods on theflourish of tourism industry in the organization of cultural inheritance,tourism and crafts the importance of tourism and its role in guaranteeingcountries’ national income are described More

In this article in order to indicate the effect of advertising methods on theflourish of tourism industry in the organization of cultural inheritance,tourism and crafts the importance of tourism and its role in guaranteeingcountries’ national income are described first, and then it is dealt with theposition of this industry in Iran, and providing an analytic model ofresearch, the usage of advertising tools such as attending international fairsand conferences, using mass media, benefiting from professionalmagazines and creating cultural offices for attracting tourists are suggested.At the end, the outcoming data is analyzed, and the results from thehypothesis tests are presented according to the questionnaires distributedamong experts of tourism and craft organization. Taking the data from theresearch into consideration, it has been clear that using the professionalmagazines of the international tourism has the most important role intourism development Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Impact of Duty to Mitigation of Damage on the Concrete Method Calculation of Damages in the International Sale of Goods and its comparative study of Iran’s Law
ALI AGHAYARI Masood Reza Ranjbar Mostafa Mandegar Seyed Hekmat Olah Askari

10.30495/jisds.2007.21290

Concrete calculation method of damages has been identified as one of the methods of damages assessment in both CISG and in the domestic law system of many countries. Applying a concrete method is needed when injured party claims damages recovery of the difference betwee More

Concrete calculation method of damages has been identified as one of the methods of damages assessment in both CISG and in the domestic law system of many countries. Applying a concrete method is needed when injured party claims damages recovery of the difference between the contract price and the price in the substitute transaction from the breaching party. The implementation of this procedure is the result of applying the principle of Full Compensation of Damages and its application is in accordance with the Duty to Mitigation of Damages, Because by applying the Concrete calculation method of damage, the injured party takes reasonable and conventional measures to reduce the damage. The goal is to bring the injured party in the position of compliance with the contract. Although this method is not provided for in the law of Iran, but there is no impediment for the courts to apply this method of compensation. According to the provisions of the CISG, injured party claiming damages may recover the difference between the contract price and the price in the substitute transaction as well as any further damages. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Study of the effects of lifestyle changes and its consequences on rural production and development, case study: Ardabil rural
ارسطو یاری حصار وکیل حیدری ریحانه نارینی

10.30495/jisds.2007.21211

AbstractToday, relationships and lifestyle changes has become to an important matter, especially in traditional societies. We can seen this changes better in the rural societies compared to the urbans. There is no doubt this change and evolutions has important affect in More

AbstractToday, relationships and lifestyle changes has become to an important matter, especially in traditional societies. We can seen this changes better in the rural societies compared to the urbans. There is no doubt this change and evolutions has important affect in different arena and also Influence on the process and its outcomes. this article is try to study and evaluate the changing of lifestyle indexes and its affect on quality of life and also on mode of production in rurals of Ardabil province. This research is correlational kinds of research and analyzing of data has been done by both quantitative and qualitative methods. The information has been gathered by means of questioner technique. The sample society consisted of villages in ardabil which includes 16 villages and 320 people. Rural sample selected by clustrd method and housholds seslected by systematic random methods. The result of this study shows that ther is significant relationship between using of media and social networks with lifestyle change in our case study. The socio cultural cange in Ardabil rurals are much more than changing in production mode also. Developing od aaeducational infrastructure spacially between producers and farmers and also producing new methods of marketing and production of information about rural lifestyle in syberic space can lead changes to desired point. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the city of Esfahan
mansour haghighatian

10.30495/jisds.2007.21218

Abstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with More

Abstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, 385 individuals were chosen as the sample. The results showed that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2/4 out of 5 which was below the medium level. Statistical analysis results showed that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style.Key terms: healthy life style, foreign media usage, parents’ socio-economic status, parents’ way of living, friends Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - A Study of the Effects of Lifestyle Changes and its Consequences on Rural Production and Development (Case of Study: Ardabil Rural Areas)
Arastoo Yari Hesar Vakil Heydari Reyhaneh Narini

Today, relationships and lifestyle changes has become to an important matter, especially in traditional societies. We can see this changes better in the rural societies compared to the urban. There is no doubt this change and evolutions has important affect in different More

Today, relationships and lifestyle changes has become to an important matter, especially in traditional societies. We can see this changes better in the rural societies compared to the urban. There is no doubt this change and evolutions has important affect in different arena and also Influence on the process and its outcomes. This article is try to study and evaluate the changing of lifestyle indexes and its effect on quality of life and also on mode of production in rural areas of Ardabil province. This research is correlational kinds of research and analyzing of data has been done by both quantitative and qualitative methods. The information has been gathered by means of questioner technique. The sample society consisted of villages in Ardabil which includes 16 villages and 320 people. Rural sample selected by cluster method and households selected by systematic random methods. The result of this study shows that there is significant relationship between using of media and social networks with lifestyle change in our case study. The socio cultural change in Ardabil rural are much more than changing in production mode also. Developing educational infrastructure especially between producers and farmers and also producing new methods of marketing and production of information about rural lifestyle in cyber space can lead changes to desired point. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The Evaluation of Modern Visual Media’s Role and Effect on Life Style (Case of Study: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch Students)
Soroush Fathi Mehdi Mokhtarpour

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Open Access Article

21 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the City of Esfahan
Mansour Haghighatian

The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cult More

The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, and 385 individuals are chosen as the sample. The results show that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2.4 out of 5 which is below the medium level. Statistical analysis results show that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Assessment of Political Advertisements of 10th Presidential Election and Presenting a Local Advertising Model
Mohammad Jafar Javadi Seyed Vahid Aqili

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Open Access Article

23 - The effect of the damage reduction rule on the objective method of calculating damage caused by breach of contract in the International Sale of Goods Convention with a comparative study in Iranian law
Ali Aghayari Massoud Reza Ranjbar Mostafa Mandegar Seyyed Hekmatollah Askari

10.30495/jisds.2022.20816

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Open Access Article

24 - A Cultural Analysis of the Residential Architecture of the Kurdish People with an Emphasis on the Role of Space (A Case Study of Traditional Houses in Mukrian ( Sardasht))
Elham Rashidzadeh Arsalan Tahmasbi Foad Habibi

Housing is an important form of the social organization of space and its shape is affected by factors such as cultural characteristics. The main purpose of this research is to study and analyze the architectural features, patterns of architectural space and how it is or More

Housing is an important form of the social organization of space and its shape is affected by factors such as cultural characteristics. The main purpose of this research is to study and analyze the architectural features, patterns of architectural space and how it is organized in the residential architecture of Kurdish Mukrian, in order to recognize the architecture of these areas from a cultural point of view. The theoretical section of the study relies on the descriptive-analytical methodology and the practical section is based a survey on the form of traditional houses in the Kurdish-inhabited region of Mukrian. The results of this study indicate that traditional houses in this region generally follow ‘linear’, ‘L-shaped’ or ‘U-shaped’ patterns, and the number of wives in a house is of great importance in how space is organized. The results of the study are presented in detail in tables, where the hidden layers of culture(Mukrian Kurdish culture) in relation to the shape of houses have been identified. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Theology of Linga Purana
ولی Abdli محسن Sharafaei

The Linga Puranas are included in Siva Puranas, so the God Siva has occupied an important place in these Puranas. Linga Puranas have focused on the characters, manifestations, eightfold forms, and superiority of Siva. Moreover, in these texts, the phallic form of Siva i More

The Linga Puranas are included in Siva Puranas, so the God Siva has occupied an important place in these Puranas. Linga Puranas have focused on the characters, manifestations, eightfold forms, and superiority of Siva. Moreover, in these texts, the phallic form of Siva is worshiped. On the basis of various approaches towards Divinity, one can claim in the Linga Puran there are some verses which concentrate on Monotheism, i.e., describe the Siva as one and transcendent God. At the same time, some other verses imply a Pantheistic approach, for the whole university (macrocosm) and even all of the men (microcosm) are considered as Siva’s body. All thing issue from Him, He is all thing and all thing will return towards Him. He is both transcendent and imminent. we will try to show the relation between God and cosmos.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Industrial Culture Medium Optimization of Xanthan Gum Production (Xanthomonas campestri) by RSM Simplified
Z. Forghani M. Mosavinasab S. Khoshnodinia

Introduction: Xanthan gum shows pseudoplastic behavior in solutions, and has less ‘gummy’mouth feel than Newtonian ones. Therefore, xanthan gum has major application in foodindustry as a thickening and suspending agent. Xanthan gum is a bacterial gum and the More

Introduction: Xanthan gum shows pseudoplastic behavior in solutions, and has less ‘gummy’mouth feel than Newtonian ones. Therefore, xanthan gum has major application in foodindustry as a thickening and suspending agent. Xanthan gum is a bacterial gum and theproduction process is largely affected by the culture medium compositions. The aim of thisstudy was to optimize an economic industrial medium for maximum yield of xanthan gum.Materials and Methods: Xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 1395using different culture medium was carried out in a stirred bioreactor with controlled pH anddissolved oxygen. A fractional factorial design was applied to identify the effective factors onxanthan gum production. Central composite design and response surface methodology wereused to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of four major significant variables(glucose, sucrose, yeast extracts and (NH4)2SO4) on biomass and xanthan gum production insubmerged culture medium composition.Results: The results indicated that both carbon and nitrogen sources had strong positiveeffects on xanthan gum production, but the carbon source, especially glucose, was determinedto be more significant factor than nitrogen source in growth cell and production of gum. theoptimum culture medium for producing xanthan gum was composed of 53.75 (g/L) glucose,27.8 (g/L) sucrose, 7.8 yeast-extract (g/L) and 5.6 (NH4)2SO4 (g/L). After 36 hours under theoptimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor the xanthan gum yield reached about 12.26±0.44g/L, which was found to be in good agreement with the predicated value (12.43 g/L).Conclusion: The optimized culture medium studied here can be a good candidate to improvethe yield and consequently be more cost-effective in the production of xanthan gum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - A dynamic approach to improving the rubber recycling industry using the dynamics of the system
sayyed mohammad reza davoodi Mona Beyranvand

Background and Objective: Recycling of materials is one of the most important issues in urban waste management system today. The worn out tires are one of the most important types of solid wastes or solids, because their departure from the cycle of production and consum More

Background and Objective: Recycling of materials is one of the most important issues in urban waste management system today. The worn out tires are one of the most important types of solid wastes or solids, because their departure from the cycle of production and consumption means starting a commitment to the environment. Although the longevity of car tires has grown more than before, it is also unrealistic that the roads of different countries are now dominated by more cars. This study aimed to find the factors affecting the development of rubber recycling. Material and Methodology: In this paper, the dynamics of the system is used. In this research, articles, library resources and the Internet have been used and based on it, it has been used to draw up causal, inventory and flow charts. Extracting the equations for the relationship between model variables and introducing them into Vensim ple 6.4 software led to simulation of the model; and the behaviors of the important variables of the model were implemented, which was studied in detail in the research. Fidings: The findings of this study indicate that a combination of factors with mutual impact and effect on rubber recycling affects not all of these factors and their role, the development of rubber recycling will not occur. Thus, the recycling of rubber products are two of the increasing and deterrent factors. Discussion & Conclusion: The reuse of the product and the re-production of the product will affect the increase in the recycling of rubber and lead to the expansion of recycling, which, of course, will make sense over time. Manuscript profile

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28 - Optimizing the Building Location Arrangement in Urban Block, in order to Achieve Heat Mitigation of Yards in Tehran
Zahra Zamani شاهین حیدری پیروز حناچی

10.22034/jest.2019.10909

Background and Objective: Since modifying the outdoor condition has an impact on the indoor conditions, the objective of the present research is how to create the microclimate in the vicinity of the urban block. So this study shows that if the arrangement of the locatio More

Background and Objective: Since modifying the outdoor condition has an impact on the indoor conditions, the objective of the present research is how to create the microclimate in the vicinity of the urban block. So this study shows that if the arrangement of the location of the buildings and yards in an urban block is changed in the form of central courtyard, the microclimate will be achieved. At the end the proposed urban block will be compared with actual urban block. Method: analysis method is simulation method with Envi-Met software. Findings: according to the simulation results in central courtyard and three sided courtyard in urban block under study and comparing them with the temperature in the lateral street in the same time frame, the temperature of the courtyard in hottest time of the day was 4.1 °C less than that of the street and three sided courtyard was 3.02 °C less than the street. Moreover, comparing the results of the one sided yard in actual urban block showed that approximately the temperature of the yard was as the same as the street. Discussion and Conclusion: This study concluded that the central courtyard and the three sided courtyard in proposed urban block can act as a microclimatic modifier. Future research can improve the microclimatic role of the proposed urban block with water and plants. Manuscript profile

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29 - Investigating the effect of IPM/FFS on Economical and Environmental Dimensions at the Rural Communities (Case Study: Fereeydoonkenar District, Mazandaran Province)
Maryam Hashemi Akramolmolok lahijanian

10.22034/jest.2017.11337

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of achievements of fish farmers following the implementation of IPM/FFS in rice cultivars on the economic and environmental dimensions of rural communities covered by the plan for the empo More

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of achievements of fish farmers following the implementation of IPM/FFS in rice cultivars on the economic and environmental dimensions of rural communities covered by the plan for the empowerment of farmers in Fereydunkenar city, Mazandaran province and to evaluate the importance of developing a farmer to farmer approach in managing healthy crop production. Method: In this study, 80 farmers were selected from four sub-villages: Souteh, Form, Haydar-Kola and Roodbest villages of Fereydounkanar. They were divided into three groups: FFS/IPM implementing (first group), affected by factor (second group) and non-informed farmers (third group). This study was designed to examine the relationship between IPM / FFS implementation in rural areas and environmental and economic indicators. In this regard, descriptive, comparative and correlational methods were selected. The hypotheses were tested using central indices and Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Findings: The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the implementation of the plan and the reduction of the use of pesticides in all three groups, so that the rate of spraying by the farmers in all the three groups decreased by 45% as compared to the previous years. Statistics show that in 2008, 11 farmers from the first and second groups did not completely spray. Certainly, this action was completely normal in the first group and in the second group, which can be distinguished in the statistical Tables. The majority of farmers in the third and second groups sprayed twice, so that 50% of the subjects who participated fully (7- 6 years) have only sprayed once and reduced consumption by 80%. This is because the same farmers in the three groups mentioned in their interviews that they had sprayed more than three times within the two to three years ago, and this rate had sometimes increased to seven times, and only one farmer from the third group had sprayed more than three times. This showed a saving of upto 70% (100 thousand tomans per hectare) in all the three groups in terms of the cost of pesticide purchasing and the salaries of the sprayer workers. As in Argentina and Brazil, a similar study shows that the plan has resulted in savings of $ 1.2 million in soybean and cotton cultivation costs (9). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant correlation among the implementation of the IPM/FFS plan and improving scientific and technical knowledge of the farmers, reducing the major problems of the past, observing individual and environmental health, reducing the consumption of chemical pesticides, reducing costs, increasing the income and production of farmers, and reduction of blast disease. However, there is no significant correlation among the implementation of the plan and job creation, reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption, and production and use of natural fertilizers. Manuscript profile

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30 - Soil organic carbon and soil organic carbon pool in the managed and unmanaged beech-hornbeam stand
Maryam Moslehi Hashem Habashi Ramin Rahmani Hormoz Sohrabi Khosro Saghebtalebi

10.22034/jest.2017.10743

Background and Objective: In the present study the impact of silviculture activities on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) in the mixed beech-carpinus forest located in district one of Shastkolate forest, Golestan province, was investigated. M More

Background and Objective: In the present study the impact of silviculture activities on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) in the mixed beech-carpinus forest located in district one of Shastkolate forest, Golestan province, was investigated. Method: In the first month of growth season in 2014, from 4 one-hectare treatments, 80 soil samples were randomly collected (up to depth of 20 cm) for organic carbon and coarse fragments estimation and 80 soil sample cylinders were  collected for bulk density measurement. Treatments were 3 managed forests (selection system) in time periods of 1, 7 and 10 after the last disturbance and 1 unmanaged forest (control). Amounts of SOC and SOCP in different treatments were compared by one-way variance analysis. Findings: Result showed that the amounts of SOC and SOCP in 4 treatments were different significantly (p< 0.05). Also the highest and the lowest SOC and SOCP were observed in the control and managed treatment 1, respectively. Correlation of soil properties was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Organic matter, bulk density and fragments had negative correlation (p< 0.01). Control forest, managed treatments 1, 2 and 3 absorbed 280.021, 124.046, 143.497 and 181.298 ton CO2 from atmosphere to store 76.3, 33.8, 39.1 and 49.4 ton carbon in soil in one hectare (0-20 cm), respectively.     Manuscript profile

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31 - Extention environmental ethics with an emphasis on lifestyle changes
bahman khosravipour AMENEH SAVARIMOMBENI

Background and Objective: Today, the environmental crisis has become a serious issue and one of the most challenging issues. Because the important and long-term consequences of human activity on the environment are increasing more rapidly. Accordingly, theorists believe More

Background and Objective: Today, the environmental crisis has become a serious issue and one of the most challenging issues. Because the important and long-term consequences of human activity on the environment are increasing more rapidly. Accordingly, theorists believe that all the environmental problems caused by human activities, they will not be solved by the mere use of technology, and changes in human behavior are required. This study aims to review, analyze and explain Extension their environmental ethics.Method: This research, in a review and analytical way, was looking for appropriate ethical behavior in relation to the environment, which collected information using library resources and internet sites.Results: According to research findings, many environmental issues today are directly or indirectly the result of everyday human behavior. Many believe that the solution to the environmental crisis must change human behavior and lifestyle changes searched for him on the ground. Hence, changing lifestyles as a driving force for Extension environmental awareness using patterns and behaviors. Instead of destroying the environment, humans can play an important role in reducing and controlling environmental problems and problems by adjusting their needs and adapting their lifestyles to existing constraints.Conclusion: In this regard, extention training can spur the sense of trustworthiness and accountability of people so that they can play a more effective role in protecting the environment. Manuscript profile

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32 - Explaining the religious characteristic in Saadi and Tartushi's governmental thought; Case study of Golestan and Seraj Al-Moluk
Fazel Abbaszadeh Shahram Delshad

10.30495/clq.2021.683767

Various works have appeared in Persian and Arabic literature that, with a preaching approach, have consulted and guided different segments of the people and tried to strengthen morality and consolidate the civilization of society. Among these groups are sultans and king More

Various works have appeared in Persian and Arabic literature that, with a preaching approach, have consulted and guided different segments of the people and tried to strengthen morality and consolidate the civilization of society. Among these groups are sultans and kings whose authors have addressed this group and tried to explain the position of the sultan and his methods of governing, including religious, political, moral, managerial and similar principles. Attention. In "Golestan", Saadi in a special chapter investigates the character of kings and in other chapters, briefly deals with the ethics, merits and equality of this group and mentions their do's and don'ts. Tartoushi also talks about sultans in "Seraj al-Moluk" and states the moral and political principles that the property should be adorned with. This study seeks to specifically examine the role of religious character in Saadi's governmental thought and Tartushi in the three axes of the sultan's position, governmental style, and the concept of government decay. Manuscript profile

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33 - شیوه‌های مواجهه پیامبران با ترفندهای ابلیس ازمنظرقرآن
Alireza Nazari

انبیاء الهی از مصادیق بندگان مخلص خدا هستند که طبق آیات قرآن از وسوسه های باطنی ابلیس در امانند، اما آیاتی از قرآن کریم وجود دارد که از اخلال گری ابلیس در برنامه ها و اهداف پیامبران حکایت دارد. انبیاء الهی جهت مقابله با این اخلال گری شیوه‌های را برگزیدند، شناخت این شیوه More

انبیاء الهی از مصادیق بندگان مخلص خدا هستند که طبق آیات قرآن از وسوسه های باطنی ابلیس در امانند، اما آیاتی از قرآن کریم وجود دارد که از اخلال گری ابلیس در برنامه ها و اهداف پیامبران حکایت دارد. انبیاء الهی جهت مقابله با این اخلال گری شیوه‌های را برگزیدند، شناخت این شیوه‌ها انسان را در آگاهی پیدا کردن نسبت به چگونگی مواجهه با شیطان آشنا می‌کند. تحقیق حاضر به هدف تبیین شیوه‌های مواجهه پیامبران با ترفندهای ابلیس از منظر قرآن کریم به روش توصیفی نگاشته شده است .یافته های تحقیق بیانگر آن است، صبر یکی از راهکارهای موثر در مقابله با شیطان است . صبر عامل تحقق همه ایده های دین به وسیله انبیاست. سفارش به استعاذه در موقعیت های حساس از دیگر راهکارهای مواجهه با شیطان است .اهمیت استعاذه زمانی مشخص می شود که دانسته شود دو سوره پایانی قرآن یعنی فلق و ناس به استعاذه اختصاص دارد.انبیاء الهی به استغفار نیز به عنوان راهکاری در مواجهه با شیطان توصیه کردند 30 آیه از قرآن استغفار انبیاء را مطرح کرده اند از آن‌جا که انبیاء الهی دارای عصمت هستند. استغفار آن‌ها برای خود به معنی آمرزش از گناه نیست قرآن پیامبران را با وصف مخلصین ستایش کرده و طبق آیات قرآن شیطان برای فریب مخلصین راهی ندارد. Manuscript profile

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34 - A comprehensive look on an approach in Tafsir Al Mizan
Mohammad Ali Lesani Fesharaki

Interpretation or Tafsir has a historical record in Islam. Two Shia Tafsirs among those are of significant importance; one is Al Borhan by Al Bahrani and the other is Nour Al Thaghalein by Sheikh Al Havizi. Both interpreters (Mofassers) were familiar and More

Interpretation or Tafsir has a historical record in Islam. Two Shia Tafsirs among those are of significant importance; one is Al Borhan by Al Bahrani and the other is Nour Al Thaghalein by Sheikh Al Havizi. Both interpreters (Mofassers) were familiar and lived in eleventh century. Their approaches had been stop for about three centuries and then another Shia work appeared; called Tafsir Al Mizan which was written by a great interpreter (Mofasser), Mohammad Hossein Tabatabaei. The present article attempts to study this great writing. Manuscript profile

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35 - The Method of Mahdavi Conversations of Imam Sadegh with Reference to the Holy Quran Verses and Narrations
Majan Sadat Hosseini Mirsafi Sattar Oudi Mohammad Sepehri

throughout history, human life has been accompanied by the confrontation of the two fronts of right and wrong; But this confrontation did not always lead to a foreign war, it often led to rumors or discourses which, although in some cases did not persuade the errin More

throughout history, human life has been accompanied by the confrontation of the two fronts of right and wrong; But this confrontation did not always lead to a foreign war, it often led to rumors or discourses which, although in some cases did not persuade the erring due to stubbornness and stubbornness, led to the shining of the truth in the hearts of those present in the dialogue and the audience of its written text in later centuries. Considering that the way and method of the Ahl al-Bayt school - as inferred from their teachings - is the way of nature and the Holy Quran is their greatest support in carrying out their monotheistic mission and guidance, so the author of this article has tried to cite according to the verses of the Holy Quran and narrations. The author has explained the method of Imam Sadegh's conversations about Mahdism as a model of the Truth Front in the hope that he will follow the followers of Jafari school in enlightening and spreading the high teachings of this school and answering useful doubts.  Manuscript profile

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36 - شناسایی راهبردهای بومی محیطی یادگیری خود تنظیمی در آموزش و پرورش استان تهران
زهرا تفرجی گیلاوندانی امینه احمدی قدسی احقر

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37 - بررسی تطبیقی مسکن بومی در گیلان و مازندران با تکیه بر عوامل جغرافیای انسانی
حسنا ورمقانی حسین سلطان‌زاده مزین دهباشی شریف

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38 - Specific Performance for breach of contract in light of Egyptian Law and Ahle sonnat Jurisprudence
Hamid Miri gholam hossein afras saman motaghi shahry

The first obligee's remedy in the breach of contract case in both Egyptian law and Ahle Sonnat jurisprudence is his/her right of demanding of specific performance as the first effect of an agreement. Thus it has been predicated some remedies for breach of contract based More

The first obligee's remedy in the breach of contract case in both Egyptian law and Ahle Sonnat jurisprudence is his/her right of demanding of specific performance as the first effect of an agreement. Thus it has been predicated some remedies for breach of contract based on the type of contractual obligation by the legal and religious legislator. Therefore sometimes a contractual obligation is just performed by the law intent notwithstanding its debtor hasn't intended in it. It is also in some situations a court verdict does whatever obligator should have done although he/she has not presented in any of court proceedings. Occasionally debtor's property plays a role as tools for obligee to reach to his demand and in the other situations that obligation shall not be done except for debtor intervening, the contractual obligation will be performed by means of applying a legal force over her/his. Thus this method is not recognized as a general remedy in Egyptian law although there are several methods in Ahle sonnat jurisprudence in this regard. Manuscript profile

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39 - The Role of the State Leader in Applying Public Diplomacy Relational Methods in the Country
Mohammad Sotoudeh Mohammad Ali Sadeghzadeh

10.22034/sej.2023.1976082.1529

The purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that More

The purpose of the present study is to answer the main question about the role of the state leader in applying public diplomacy relational methods to fulfill interests of Iran and the Islamic world. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with regard to his role in the political-legal structure of the country, having religious authority in the Shi’ite world, and the existing potentials in the discourse literature of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the state leader by applying soft power and relational methods through gatherings, meetings, approaches, mass media, relevant institutions, cultural and educational organizations, and sending messages and letters to the audience, has an effective role in right detection and enemy recognition, revival of the Islamic ideology, spiritual propagation of the revolution, enforcement of smart power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, preparation of resistance culture, and challenging the unjust nature of the international order in various aspects. Manuscript profile

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40 - Sociology of characters in the novel The Blind Owl by Sadegh Hedayat
Farhad Tahmasebi

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41 - Survey and analysis of expression and logic techniques in the language of Attar’s mad
Hossein Aligholizadeh

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42 - A study of the Types and Methods of Satire in Hafez
Mahmood Sadeqzadeh,

Hafez’s satire is social and political, yet it is artistic, subtle, and flexible in interpretation. However, in most cases, it is innocent, noble, deep and elegant, rooted in a logical feeling and understanding, reflected in a regretful smile.  Hafez employs More

Hafez’s satire is social and political, yet it is artistic, subtle, and flexible in interpretation. However, in most cases, it is innocent, noble, deep and elegant, rooted in a logical feeling and understanding, reflected in a regretful smile.  Hafez employs two general patterns in the structure of his satire: one, the frank social satire, directly criticizing a specific class or group; second, the mediated social satire in which he recklessly introduces himself to be representing a class, complaining about himself, thus reflecting what others are suffering from. Hafez has employed whatever possible method to fight satirically against injustice, corruption, and hypocrisy. Among his major ways of satire, irony, and witticism are: violating the signs and values of the sanctity of the ascetics and Sufis; changing the objects and the words by adoption and accountability; employing literary figures such as ambiguity, euphemism, simile, and antithesis; irony, kenning, and sometimes epigrams for the beloved in the form of questions and answers and repartee; satire in the form of an advice;  panegyric writing and responsibility seeking; employing public culture and colloquialism. On the whole, Hafez’s satire is sometimes deep and sarcastic and sometimes superficial and tender which are going to be analyzed and illustrated in this paper.  Manuscript profile

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43 - مقایسۀ شیوه‌های فرزندپروری والدین نوجوانان
mehrnaz komeyjani farhad maher

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44 - To Investigate the Relationship Between MotherParenting Styles and Their Children's Perception
محمد پورعبدلی پروین کدیور علیرضا همایونی

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mother's attitudes towards children practices whith child perception of those styles, locus of control and self-concept. The sample consisted of thired grade males in the junior high school stude More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mother's attitudes towards children practices whith child perception of those styles, locus of control and self-concept. The sample consisted of thired grade males in the junior high school students and their literate were selected from five educational districts in Tehran who completed the parental Authority Questionnaire, Parenting Style Survey, Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale and Tennessee Self-concept Test. The data were analyzed using correlational and one-way-analysis of variance. The results of the study are so follow: The relationship between nother's attitude toward childrearing practice and child's perception of those styles was not statistically significant. The relationship between mother's attitude toward childrearing practice, child locus of control and self-concept were not significant, but the relationship between child's perception of their mother's parenting style, child's locus of control and self-concept were statistically significant. The relationship between locus of control and self-concept was also statistically significant. Manuscript profile

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45 - The Effectiveness of Training Prophet Mohammd Practical Educational Methods on The Religious Thinking The Religious Beliefs and Attitudes and The Mental Health of High School Girl Students in Ahvaz City.
پرویز عسگری عنایت خلیقی سیگارودی علیرضا حیدری فرزانه یوسفیان فاطمه مرعشیان

The purpose of this research was to examin the effectiveness of training the practical educational methods of the prophet Mohammad on the religious thinking and attitudes, the religious beliefs and the mental health of high school girl students in Ahvaz. The sample cons More

The purpose of this research was to examin the effectiveness of training the practical educational methods of the prophet Mohammad on the religious thinking and attitudes, the religious beliefs and the mental health of high school girl students in Ahvaz. The sample consists of 80 girl students which were choosen selected by the use of cluster random sampling and they were divided in to two groups of 40 students , control and experimental groups.This research is an experimental type in which pretest and posttest are administered on the control group.The instruments used in this research were Aryan Thinking Religious test, Allport test and scl-25 test for considering the mantal health. At first , the pretest was administered to two groups. Then the experimental group participated in 17 sessions , each session was about 50 minutes. In these sessions the practical educational methods of the holy prophet was taught.After that,two groups were tested (post test) again .the results of multivariable variance on the Level (P Manuscript profile

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46 - prediction smoking cigarette due to variables, parenting and life style in male student in Islamic azad university of khomeinishahr
hadi barati Fateme Rezaei Habialah Karimzadeh

10.30486/jsrp.2018.540485

The purpose of this research was to forecast of tendency to smoking cigarette in male student with variables, parenting and life style boy students in Islamic Azad University of khomeinishahr. research design Correlational was predictable. The population consisted of al More

The purpose of this research was to forecast of tendency to smoking cigarette in male student with variables, parenting and life style boy students in Islamic Azad University of khomeinishahr. research design Correlational was predictable. The population consisted of all male students of Islamic Azad University of khomeinishahr in the summer of 1394 were among which number 357 were available for sampling. Research tools include: scale of attitud towards smoking cigarette (Shore، 2000), questionnaire of life style (Miller and smiths، 1988), questionnaire of parenting (Bamrind، 1972) were used by means of step by step regression resu lts were analized. the final step of analysis Stepwise regression the showed that destroyed components of parenting styles, permissiveness practices and authoritarian positively forecast and logical manner negative relationship have a significant. And of the lifestyle, the style predictions significant negative economic and beliefs and culture has a significant positive prediction. Manuscript profile

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47 - Prediction of Elementary School Student’s Machiavellian Beliefs by Parenting Styles The Prediction of Machiavellian beliefs of elementary students based on parenting styles
zahra eshami chehrazi Maryam Ghorbani Asghar Aghaei

10.30486/jsrp.2018.543221

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in th More

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in the academic year in Isfahan in 2014-2015. Therefore 361 (177 boys and 184 girls) elementary school students and their mothers were selected as the sample using cluster random sampling from the five areas of education.Research tools included Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1972) and Machiavellian Beliefs Scale for Children (Christie & Geis, 1970).The data was analyzed using by stepwise regression. The results of regression analysis showed that authoritarian parenting style is 16% can predict Machiavellian beliefs in this level (p< 0.01). According to the results of this study can be said the authoritarian parenting style has a negative effect on children’s Cognitive development and their social behaviors because of its authoritarian governing structure, lack of discussion, and Lack of attention to children's needs. Manuscript profile

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48 - Investigation of the effect of school cohesion on bullying with the mediation of parenting styles in secondary high school male students
Ezzatollah ghaampour Masood Sadeghi samira ghare veysi Majid Soleimani

10.30486/jsrp.2020.1890769.2249

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school cohesion on bullying with the mediation of parenting styles. The research method is descriptive and of correlational type. All secondary high school male students in Sanandaj at the number of 7618, who st More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school cohesion on bullying with the mediation of parenting styles. The research method is descriptive and of correlational type. All secondary high school male students in Sanandaj at the number of 7618, who studied in the first semester of the 2018-2019 academic years formed a statistical population of the study, among which 366 students accidentally entered the sample in several stages. The research tools included Espelage & Holt's bullying scale (2001), school cohesion scale of Springer et al. (2009) and Bumrind’s parenting styles questionnaire (1972). The statistical method used was multiple regression analysis and path analysis. According to the findings, the direct effect of school cohesion on victimization, bullying, powerful parenting style and authoritarian parenting style (P <0.01) was significant. The indirect effect of school cohesion on victimization mediated by authoritarian parenting style was significant (P <0.05). The indirect effect of school cohesion on bullying mediated by powerful and authoritarian parenting styles was significant (P <0.05). The results show the importance of school and parenting styles in controlling passive and active behaviors in bullying. Therefore, bullying can be reduced by teaching parents how to use the right parenting style and teaching teachers how to increase their interest and attract students to school. Manuscript profile

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49 - The effect of academic buoyancy and academic self-handicapping on life satisfaction of second high school students mediating by adolescent perception of parenting educational methods
soheila sabzichy zabih pirani Firoozeh Zangeneh

10.30486/jsrp.2022.1934362.3063

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of academic buoyancy and academic self- handicapping on life satisfaction of second high school students through the mediation of adolescent perception of parenting educational methods by path analysis. The statistical More

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of academic buoyancy and academic self- handicapping on life satisfaction of second high school students through the mediation of adolescent perception of parenting educational methods by path analysis. The statistical population included students of Arak city who were studying mathematics, experimental and humanities in the Second Period public high schools and were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The number of sample people was considered as 719 students, considering the probability of failure in completing the questionnaires. Data collection tools included Academic Boyancy Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh & Hossein Chari), Academic Self- handicapping (ASHS) ( Schwinger & Stiensmeier-Pelster), Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction (MSLSS) (Huebner) and Adolescent Perception of Parenting Educational Methods (POPS)( Robbins). The obtained data were analyzed by the structural equation model of latent variable type. In order to verify the model's fit, the values of the ratio of chi-square to degree of freedom, (RMSEA), (CFI), (NFI), (TLI), (IFI) and Cronbach's alpha were reported that indicate appropriate model reliability. Findings showed that buoyancy and academic self- handicapping have a direct and significant effect on life satisfaction and adolescent perception of parenting educational methods. The direct effect of the mediating variable on life satisfaction was also confirmed. By doing this research, by observing educational problems or lack of mental health and identifying the factors affecting it in students, appropriate programs can be implemented to increase life satisfaction in students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - The relationship between Kolb learning styles with personality traits and academic performance of university students
hosein eskandary mashood asrafabady hamidreza arab mohamad naghavy

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Kolb’s learning styles, personality traits and academic performance among the university students. Method of research was correlation and the research population was consisted of 314 More

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between Kolb’s learning styles, personality traits and academic performance among the university students. Method of research was correlation and the research population was consisted of 3145 students of Kermanshah Razi University. There were 320 students among them from different majors (196 female students and 124 male students) who were selected by using Krejcie and Morgan sample size table and by cluster random sampling method. Assessment tools were consisted of short form of NEO Personality Inventory and Kolb's learning styles inventory. Students' mean scores were used to measure academic performance. Data were analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that there were significant relationships between learning styles and personality traits of the students with academic performance and each of the learning styles of students with certain personality traits were associated (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that there were significant multiple correlation between personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness, and learning styles of abstract conceptualization and active experimentation with academic performance (p < 0.01) and the most predictive variables for academic performance of students who were able to explain 28% of the variance in academic performance. These results would be discussed in more details in this paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Factors affecting to increase the educational quality of postgraduate Azad University courses Faculty of Educational Sciences (Roodehen branch case study)
Hassan Shahraki Pour

Considering the importance of education and its decisive role in promoting the University quality level,This study aimed to identify factors affecting to increase the educational quality of postgraduate Azad University courses in Roodehen branch, Faculty of Educational More

Considering the importance of education and its decisive role in promoting the University quality level,This study aimed to identify factors affecting to increase the educational quality of postgraduate Azad University courses in Roodehen branch, Faculty of Educational Sciences. This research was a descriptive survey approach. The study population consisted of all graduate students in the Faculty of Educational Sciences, Roudehen branch, Azad University, with the total of 255 students in 2010-2011.The statistical sample was 152 subjects, determined based on the Morgan table. Questionnaire was developed to collect data. The questionnaire included 27 Likert scale was at option 5 Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient using 0.78, respectively. Questionnaire and research data have been analyzed and described in two descriptions’ levels by the use of central field, criteria, the variety distribution table, and also in analytic statistic variants. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used in SPSS software. Results of analysis of the data showed factors such as equipping the classrooms with modern technology, doing researches, changing the educational content, teaching of the faculty and their professional development. It is obvious that the identification of these factors alone are not enough and should be noted to their organizing due to the diagnosis of their condition in the quality of postgraduate education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - A survey on the optimal strategies for effective participation of the parents and the public in schools
مریم افضل خانی مژگان عبدی پاکروان

This research through employing survey method investigates optimum methods in effective engagement of parents and the public in schools within 15 zone of Tehran Municipality in 2011-2012. Statistical population in this research includes all principals of the elementary More

This research through employing survey method investigates optimum methods in effective engagement of parents and the public in schools within 15 zone of Tehran Municipality in 2011-2012. Statistical population in this research includes all principals of the elementary schools within this zone (95) and 381 parent selected by using cluster random sampling method. In this research, the researcher seeks to find out about the impact of the constituents culture, information technology, financial dimensions, education and communication on attraction of parent’s engagement. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 23 closed questions in a five scales and also the answers to the questions are designed in Likert Scale. The questionnaire’s validity was examined using the views of scholars and experts, while its reliability was 0.82 according to the Cronbakh alpha. For calculation and analysis of the obtained data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, table and diagram) and inferential statistics (single-sample T test) were employed. The obtained results indicate a significant relationship between culture, IT, financial dimensions, education and communication of the executive staffs and parents. In addition, the relationship of engagement with culture and IT with a mean of 22.9 and 11.6 respectively has been found the strongest and weakest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - the Teachers' perceptions about the effective teaching characters: a phenomenological investigation study
Yousef Adib Eskandar Fathiazar javad einipour

This research was carried out to focus on clarifying of the teacher's perceptions about the effective teaching. Since numerous teaching methods have been proposed, it seems to be impossible to identify a specific method as the most effective and beneficial one. As it is More

This research was carried out to focus on clarifying of the teacher's perceptions about the effective teaching. Since numerous teaching methods have been proposed, it seems to be impossible to identify a specific method as the most effective and beneficial one. As it is said that teaching is an art hence, certain way of teaching seems to be very hard to introduce. The method being applied was of a qualitative andphenomenological type. 38 educators having sufficient experience in the Education in Guilan Province had been purposefully selected to be interviewed. The Conversations were recorded and written down and, then, by means of the Colaizzi method was analyzed sentence by sentence. The results showed that 10 main factors for having an effective teaching are as: motivation, teaching method, used instruments, specific plan, being excellence, products, learners' feedback, Solidarity, thinking. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Investigate the effect of instructional design model of Gagne and Briggs on learning, retention and motivation on academic achievement in science courses
راضیه برزگر خدیجه علی آبادی

Education is the most basic human needs. Without education, no society is able to continue to survive. However, effective education cannot be done by trial and error and it requires a design. This study was conducted according to the importance and effectiveness of inst More

Education is the most basic human needs. Without education, no society is able to continue to survive. However, effective education cannot be done by trial and error and it requires a design. This study was conducted according to the importance and effectiveness of instructional design models and specially the Gagne model in the field of educational activities on learning, retention and achievement mtivation of experimental sciences courses of the third-grade. Type of research was quasi – experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Statistical community of the research was all female students of the third–grade of Ahar in the academic year of 2009-10 by using cluster random sampling method. At first, it was selected a school and then two classes consisting of 25 students as samples and another class for the experimental group (25 students) and also other class as the control group (25 subjects). In order to assess the participants learning, retention and achievement motivation, a questionnaire (ISM) was used. The coefficient of reliability learning test by using the split-half method was 0.83 and coefficient of reliability achievement motivation by using the questionnaire (ISM) with Cronbach's alpha method was obtained 0.81. The method of conduction was the designed educational content (chapters 12, 13 and 14 science books) based on Gagne models for 8 sessions (every session for 45 minutes) and preparation tests, taught experimental group (n = 25) based on Gagne instructional design model and the control group (n = 25) based on the traditional method. After data collection, data analysis were performed by using the parameters of descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance), and using SPSS software. The results showed that applying the Gagne instructional design model in the experimental science courses compared with traditional method could increase learning and retention, but there was no significant difference in the achievement motivation between the groups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Knowledge Required by Math Teachers for Virtual Teaching in Third Grade Elementary
sedighe nosrati Fereshteh Afkari ehsan ekradi

10.30486/jsre.2022.1938417.1964

The main purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge required by math teachers for virtual teaching in the third grade of elementary school (case study: teachers in region one). The research method was descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The stud More

The main purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge required by math teachers for virtual teaching in the third grade of elementary school (case study: teachers in region one). The research method was descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. The study population consisted of 190 third grade elementary teachers in mathematics in district one of Tehran (non-governmental and governmental). Using random sampling method and based on Morgan table, the statistical sample size of this study was 124. In order to measure the variables, a researcher-made questionnaire was used by considering the indicators of teaching methods with 5 items, interaction and communication with 5 items, information and communication technologies. To evaluate the face validity, a questionnaire was provided to university professors and other available experts. In the second stage, the validity test was used to assess the content validity of experts in terms of the degree of coordination of the content of the measurement tool with the research purpose. After evaluating the validity, the internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha method) was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Inferential statistics including one-group t-test, chi-square and Friedman tests and SPSS 24 software were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the real mean of all research variables was higher than the assumed mean (3) and this means that all variables of this research in the study population are agreed upon by teachers. Among these, assessment methods have the highest average (more important), followed by how to interact and communicate with students, information and communication technologies and teaching methods are the priority of teachers. Manuscript profile

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56 - بررسی عملکرد ایرانیان در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به دانش آموزان در مدارس
Farhad Kariminasab Shaban Najafi Karimi Amir Marzban

10.30495/jntell.2022.697728

اهداف اصلی این مطالعه ارائه درک درستی از اسناد خط مشی/برنامه‌درسی و آموزش زبان انگلیسی به دانش آموزان میباشد، و سعی نموده تا روش‌های آموزشی اصلی مورد استفاده معلمان را نشان داده، و درک بهتری از نقش‌ها معلمان و مسئولیت‌های آنها را ترسیم نماید. این تحقیق بر روی نمونه ای ا More

اهداف اصلی این مطالعه ارائه درک درستی از اسناد خط مشی/برنامه‌درسی و آموزش زبان انگلیسی به دانش آموزان میباشد، و سعی نموده تا روش‌های آموزشی اصلی مورد استفاده معلمان را نشان داده، و درک بهتری از نقش‌ها معلمان و مسئولیت‌های آنها را ترسیم نماید. این تحقیق بر روی نمونه ای از 728 معلم زبان انگلیسی در دبیرستان های متوسطه اول و دوم، 32 استان ایران صورت پذیرفت. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه‌های خود گزارش‌دهی استفاده شد که به صورت الکترونیکی از طریق اینترنت توزیع گردید. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که سیاست گذاران در آموزش زبان ممکن است باورهایی در مورد آموزش و یادگیری داشته باشند که به شدت با نگرش ها و نظرات معلمان در تضاد باشد. سطح زبان عمومی بیش از نیمی از نمونه (53٪) از معلمان پایین تر از متوسط است. آموزش پیش از خدمت و ضمن خدمت ارائه شده به معلمان زبان انگلیسی باید به میزان قابل توجهی تقویت شود. طیف گسترده‌ای از مواد درسی برای آموزش دانش آموزان در مدارس مورد نیاز است. آموزش‌ها و برنامه‌های درسی زیربنای آموزش زبان انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی به دانش آموزان نیز نیازمند تغییراتی است. در مجموع، این یافته ها نشان می دهد که رویه فعلی ایرانیان در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به دانش آموزان در مدارس باید اصلاح گردد. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه تعدادی پیشنهاد مهم برای عملکرد بهتر در آینده ارئه میدهد Manuscript profile

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57 - A Study of semantic and aesthetic elements of Al QARE` chapter (A structural Analysis)
mohamadhasan masoomi fatemeh sharifi tashnizi

One of the distinctive features of the holy Koran is its miraculous rhetorics as a cohesive text.This feature is vividly seen  in every surah of the Koran and every Ayah has its own surprising rhetorical style .In structure,the short surahs of the Koran ,which are More

One of the distinctive features of the holy Koran is its miraculous rhetorics as a cohesive text.This feature is vividly seen  in every surah of the Koran and every Ayah has its own surprising rhetorical style .In structure,the short surahs of the Koran ,which are mainly of Mecca,are strong ,harsh and addressing with short phrases and sentences.Of course each has its own artistic features and distinctive from the others.the present article tries to study the semantic and aesthetic elements of Al Qare` surah structurally.Structural analysis belongs to the late Dr. Mahmud Bostani.This penman could analyse the artistic and literary dimensions and features  of the Koran and leaving some fruitful findings behind for the reaserchers. The main objective of the present article is to uncover the literary features and spiritual messages of Al Qare` surah using the structura method. The results of the study is that in structuralism form and content in a surah are inseperable are merged together and to explain the message of every surah the artistic and literary features should be studied along with the thematic and intellectual features. Manuscript profile

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58 - مسئولیت بین المللی در قبال حملات سایبری
حمیدرضا اقاباباییان دامغانی ابومحمد عسگرخانی سید باقر میرعباسی

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59 - مطالعه تطبیقی فرم شهری و تأثیر آن بر شیوه سفر (مورد پژوهی: بافت قدیم، میانی، جدید در شهر مشهد)
زهرا فرهادیان تکتم حنایی

2110-1389

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60 - The Comparison of the Discourse of Tuba and the Night Meaning and Alsabbar Novels on Women
Ahmad Reza Nazari Cherodeh Mahdi Kargar

The purpose of the current research was to compare the discourse of Tuba and the Night Meaning by Sharnoush Parsipour and Alsabbar by Sahar Khalifeh novels on women.  Parsipour is one of the Iranian novelist that expressd in different ways the ignored women's right More

The purpose of the current research was to compare the discourse of Tuba and the Night Meaning by Sharnoush Parsipour and Alsabbar by Sahar Khalifeh novels on women.  Parsipour is one of the Iranian novelist that expressd in different ways the ignored women's rights in his works. Also Sahar Khalifeh is the Palestinian contemporary novelist that raised the problems of women in Arabic societies in his works. This study implied analytic-descriptive method. The results showed that the both authors believed women were respected but men look at them in proprietory and asset attitude. Both novels recalled the women to learn and think, because of low knowledge and ignorance were two main factors of degrading the women in the male-dominated societies. Parsipour believed that love is belong to women; while Khalifa more refered to the homeland inspiring love and fighting against the invaders in her work. Manuscript profile

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61 - Khadijah's Interacting with Spouse Style in Three Cultural, Psychological and Behavioral Fields
Reza Baniasadi Maryam Baghrrinejad Yazdi

10.22034/jwcp.2023.701780

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH) in three cultural, psychological and behavioral fields. The research universe included all the texts and sources related to Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH). The sample More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH) in three cultural, psychological and behavioral fields. The research universe included all the texts and sources related to Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH). The sample of the research was the texts related to the interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH) and the cultural, psychological and behavioral analysis about this contents. This research was descriptive and analytical. Data was collected using documentary and library methods via reviewing the texts on interacting with spouse style of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH and cultural, psychological and behavioral subjects and note taking on index cards. Then the obtained data were analyzed. The results of the research showed that Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH), the unique lady of Hijaz, acted very admirably in her way of interacting with spouse to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in three cultural, psychological and behavioral dimensions, and she should be a perfect model not only for all faithful women, but also for absolute all women. She that was taken under consideration of others during her lifetime and after her death, developed the attitude toward matrimony, the impact of age on marriage and non-insisting on luxury in cultural field. On psychological domain she held traits akin love and perception, deep confidence on her spouse and understanding the life difficulties.   Also, in the field of behavior, she had characteristics such as chastity, generosity, honoring her spouse, supporting her husband, and creating a safe and relaxing atmosphere at home.  Therefore, it could be reported that the use of all these components by women would improve their status with their husbands and, as a result, strengthen the family and achieve common goals.     Manuscript profile

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62 - The Role of Mother's Parenting Style, Family's Cultural Capital and Social Skills in Educating the Girls
Atena Davami

10.22034/jwcp.2023.705619

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mother's parenting style, the family's cultural capital and social skills on educating elementary school girls. The research statistical population included all psychology texts related to parenting style, the cul More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mother's parenting style, the family's cultural capital and social skills on educating elementary school girls. The research statistical population included all psychology texts related to parenting style, the cultural capital and social skills on educating elementary school girls. The research sample embraced psychological texts concerning mother's parenting styles, family's cultural capital and social skills. The current research was descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by using the library method and note taking on index cards. The data was analyzed via content analysis procedure. The results showed that amongst the mothers’ parenting styles, the authoritative one was the best for educating the children specially the females. Educating the children by such style was not completely restrictive.  There was more space for their individuality and independence.   Children educating by such style were saner and had better communicating. The children also acquired the cultural capital from their parents. The cultural capital represented in embodied, objectified and institutionalized forms. The children, particularly the girls who spent their more time with their mothers through identification process template their mothers’ behaviors and characteristics emerged from cultural enrichment.  Such factor could be as an initiator for the girls’ social maturation. Cultural capital is very important in the prevailing theories of modern education. Parents are a bridge between cultural heritage and ideas in daily life and learning in children. Mothers are considered an important lever due to the positive effective role they play in the education and acquisition of children's social skills on their children's social growth in the future. Manuscript profile

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63 - A Study of Child – Rearing Styles and Behavioral Problems of Children with Employed And Unemployed Mothers
زینب Khanjani رقیه Mahmoudzadeh

Mothers out door works have different consequences on child rearing practices and behavioralstatus. The current research was purposed to study the child rearing styles and their correlations tochildren behavioral disorders of the employed and unemployed mothers. The pre More

Mothers out door works have different consequences on child rearing practices and behavioralstatus. The current research was purposed to study the child rearing styles and their correlations tochildren behavioral disorders of the employed and unemployed mothers. The present research wasa causal – comparative study. The sample was comprised of 120 pears of mother – child who wereselected randomly from four kindergartens in Tabriz. Rutter Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire(mother – instructor form) And Baumrind Child – Rearing Style Questionnaire were implemented.Data was analyzed by using MANOVA and independent t test. The results have shown that employedand unemployed mothers children with regard to the behavioral problems had no significantdifference. Housewives had more significantly authoritative child rearing style than the employedmothers. But regarding permissive and totalitarian styles, no significant difference between the twogroups was observed. Manuscript profile

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64 - Investigating Life Style Relationship with Affliction to Osteoarthritis in Referent to Tehran’s Medical Universities Hospitals
مریم Agha Amiri Sh Mohamadzadeh بهار Seifi حمید Alavimajd

Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent joint illnesses in old-aged people and often results inability. The illness is a combination of joint destruction and corrosion. Current study was carried out in order to investigate life style relationship with affliction to More

Osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent joint illnesses in old-aged people and often results inability. The illness is a combination of joint destruction and corrosion. Current study was carried out in order to investigate life style relationship with affliction to osteoarthritis. In this case-control study, 220 subjects were selected from referent patients to Tehran’s Medical Universities Hospitals by simple random sampling method and were divided into two 110 subjects of case (experimental) and control groups. Data including demographic information, job history and life style (nutrition patterns and manners, physical activities, smoking and alcohol behaviors) collected via implementing questionnaires and interviews with the patients. Chi-square (K-2) and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests were applied to analyze data. Age Mean in both groups was 60 years and 59.1% of the subjects were women. In case group, 40% had ages between 25 and 29 years and 86.55% of them never used hormones after menopause. 23.63% of the referents in case group, were housewife and 64.5% of them had frequent  stairs climbing, also 63.6% had picked up heavy objects and 65.5% had the manner of sitting in the form of cross-legged. In terms of nutrition and feeding manners, no significant differences were observed in both case and control groups (P<0.005). In terms of physical activities, most of people in case group had heavy physical activities in the past and hadn’t have walking or physical exercises, 30% of the case group had smoking manners (p<0.001). The established research showed that inappropriate life style is so effective in affliction to osteoarthritis in old-aged people that could be prevented some how by life style modification. Manuscript profile

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65 - Effectiveness of Social Skills Training on Shyness Reduction in Female Students
علی Yasinifarid مهدی Ghyasizadeh معصومه Nesarvand-Barati

The aim of This research was to investigate the effectiveness of social skills training on shyness(and its components ) reducing in female students of Malakshahy city. The sample included 50 students in the elementary schools first and second grade of malekshahy city du More

The aim of This research was to investigate the effectiveness of social skills training on shyness(and its components ) reducing in female students of Malakshahy city. The sample included 50 students in the elementary schools first and second grade of malekshahy city during the academic year 1389-90. They were randomly selected by multi- stage cluster sampling and divided in two groups. Each group included 25 students. The study administrated experimental method (pretest and posttest with control group). The experimental group was exposed to social skills training during 10 sessions and every session was lasted 60minutes. Control group received none. Behavioral Check List Of Shyness was implemented as data source. In order to analysis the data, multivariable covariance (MANCOVA) and one way variances analysis (ANCOVA) were used. The results indicated that asocial skills training reduced shyness and its components in girls students. Manuscript profile

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66 - Predicting marital and communication disorders based on parenting methods and emotional instrumentation of couples in Kermanshah
bahar khaksari

10.30495/iifs.2022.1949119.1023

Today, one of the achievements of the evolution of the family institution is the turmoil that is seen in the relationship between couples. Objective: The aim of this study was to predict marital disturbances based on parenting styles and emotional expression with marita More

Today, one of the achievements of the evolution of the family institution is the turmoil that is seen in the relationship between couples. Objective: The aim of this study was to predict marital disturbances based on parenting styles and emotional expression with marital disturbances of couples in Kermanshah. Method: The method of descriptive research is correlational. The statistical population of the present study included women with marital disorders who referred to counseling centers in Kermanshah in 2021-2022, whose number was over 500 people. The sample in the present study according to Morgan table 120 people were randomly selected from counseling centers in Kermanshah and with the consent of those couples who were willing to cooperate in the study to Bamrind parenting methods questionnaire (1973) , King & Ammons (1990) Emotional Expression, and the Wiseman et al. (2009) Marital and Communication Disorder Scale responded virtually. Results: The results obtained using regression and Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the components of careless, authoritarian and logical authority methods, expressing positive emotion, expressing intimacy and expressing negative emotion have the ability to predict marital turmoil. . Also, the components of careless, authoritarian and logical authority methods, expressing positive emotion, expressing intimacy and expressing negative emotion have a significant negative relationship with marital turmoil. Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be said that negligence, authoritarianism and logical authority, Manuscript profile

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67 - The Role of Emotion Cognitive Regulation in Relationship between Coping Practices and Social Health in Employees of Mothers of Children with special needs
navid Noori Reza Golpoor

10.30495/iifs.2022.1966120.1046

Aim: Cognitive regulation of emotion plays an important role in social relationships and can affect the social health of society. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between coping method More

Aim: Cognitive regulation of emotion plays an important role in social relationships and can affect the social health of society. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between coping methods and social health in mothers of children with special needs. Method: The present research was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of descriptive method, and the statistical population of this research was all mothers with children with special needs in Nowshahr city. The sample size was 148 people who were selected by simple random sampling based on Morgan's table. In order to collect research data, Lazarus and Folkman (1988) Coping Style Questionnaire, Gross and John (2003) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Keyes Social Health Questionnaire (2004) were used. In order to analyze the data, mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient and path analysis were used with SPSS version 24 and Amos version 23 software. Findings: The results showed that the cognitive regulation of emotion has a mediating role in the relationship between coping methods and social health (p<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the cognitive regulation of emotion plays a mediating role in the relationship between coping methods and social health.  Manuscript profile

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68 - The effect of technical education and meta-cognitive strategies in a group method on the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education
Azam Harooni maryam taghvaeeyazdi

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population includes 430 student More

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the superficial and deep approaches of study with self-directed learning skills among teacher education students. The method of this research is correlation. The statistical population includes 430 students of Teacher Training in Tabriz in 2018. A sample of 272 people was estimated using the Kerjesi-Morgan table that were selected through simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool consists of two standard questionnaires: self-centered learning skills questionnaire–Tran (2009) and the study approach questionnaire–Biggs, Kember and Leung (2001). The second questionnaire was modified in 2011 in Turkey by Ilymas and Orhan. The statistical tests used in this research are Anova, T-test and independent groups, Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were analyzed using Spss 20 software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the deep study approach and self-centered learning skills (r = 0.320). But there is a negative and significant relationship between the surface study approach to self-centered learning skills (r = -0.282). The results of t-test showed that self-centered learning skills and surface study approach have significant differences between men and women (p < 0.05). Anova results showed that there is no significant difference between the different groups of teacher education students about the measurement scales (p > 0.05). The in-depth study can lead to increased self-directed learning skills and educational authorities should take the necessary steps to promote this approach in teacher training centers. Manuscript profile

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69 - Examining the solutions to improve the level of ability of primary teachers to use new methods of education in virtual space
kobra oveis

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating ways to improve the ability level of primary teachers to use new teaching methods in the virtual space of education in the three districts of Kermanshah. and as a platform for writing text using qualitative research More

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating ways to improve the ability level of primary teachers to use new teaching methods in the virtual space of education in the three districts of Kermanshah. and as a platform for writing text using qualitative research method. In this research, 12 professors and experts who are proficient in modern teaching methods of the third education district of Kermanshah city have been used. In order to identify effective strategies for improving the level of teachers' ability, thematic analysis method was used. Using purposeful and snowball sampling and theoretical saturation index, sampling was done from the research population. For this purpose, several experts in the field of educational management were identified and interviewed using the purposeful sampling method. In order to ensure the validity of the tool in the research, the valuable opinions of professors familiar with this field and academic experts who were experts and informed in this field were used. Also, to evaluate the reliability of the method proposed by Lincoln and Cuba, and to ensure the validity and acceptability of the data, the constant and continuous conflict method was used. 5 components (information literacy competence, communication and collaboration competence, electronic content production competence, security and health competence and problem solving competence) were effective in improving teachers' competence, so it can be concluded that competence in educational organizations is more important than other organizations..This study was conducted with the aim of investigating ways to improve the ability level of primary teachers to use new teaching methods in the virtual space of education in the three districts of Kermanshah. and as a platform for writing text using qualitative research method. In this research, 12 professors and experts who are proficient in modern teaching methods of the third education district of Kermanshah city have been used. In order to identify effective strategies for improving the level of teachers' ability, thematic analysis method was used. Using purposeful and snowball sampling and theoretical saturation index, sampling was done from the research population. For this purpose, several experts in the field of educational management were identified and interviewed using the purposeful sampling method. In order to ensure the validity of the tool in the research, the valuable opinions of professors familiar with this field and academic experts who were experts and informed in this field were used. Also, to evaluate the reliability of the method proposed by Lincoln and Cuba, and to ensure the validity and acceptability of the data, the constant and continuous conflict method was used. 5 components (information literacy competence, communication and collaboration competence, electronic content production competence, security and health competence and problem solving competence) were effective in improving teachers' competence, so it can be concluded that competence in educational organizations is more important than other organizations.. Manuscript profile

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70 - تعیین رابطه التزام عملی به اعتقادات مذهبی، ادراک شیوه والدین با سازگاری نوجوانی
azade bahrami parvin ehteshamzade

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71 - Intellectual analysis of human dignity in the method of punishing criminals from Plato's point of view
naghmeh farhood seyed basem mavali zadeh maryam soleimani

Abstract: In this article, which deals with the intellectual examination of human dignity in the method of punishing criminals from Plato's point of view, an attempt is made to examine the intellectual and philosophical grounds of the method of punishing criminals and t More

Abstract: In this article, which deals with the intellectual examination of human dignity in the method of punishing criminals from Plato's point of view, an attempt is made to examine the intellectual and philosophical grounds of the method of punishing criminals and the role of human dignity in it from Plato's point of view, who, according to many experts, is the greatest philosopher in history. It has been human, to examine and discuss. The findings of the research indicate that according to Plato, in the sense that common sense refers to punishments and discipline, the topic of punishment in dialectic is elevated to the truth. So, the Platonic dialectic on this matter, by removing malice and attributing actions to the gods, they choose this correct part according to their opinion that the criminal commits the crime because of his ignorance and not his cruel will. has been And in a way, he holds the criminal responsible and points out the fundamental teaching that no one does evil by choice if he knows, and if someone knows good and bad, he does not choose evil. Therefore, the role and effect of human dignity can be clearly seen in this issue. Therefore, according to philosophers, knowledge is enough for virtue. Manuscript profile

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72 - On Politics in Islam: a non-state-based inquiry
Hamid Malekzadeh Maryam Shamsaei

In this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamen More

In this paper, we will attempt to establish, in a phenomenological study, an ontological relationship between the pre-contemplative lifestyles of a people and politics that make it possible to understand the concept of political ontology in conjunction with the fundamental concept of lifestyle. In this framework, we will try to show how this neither the Islamic state, whether it is the prophet of the Prophet or the Imam of the innocent, or whether the Shi'a or Sunni cleric, but the Muslim soul, was in the way of life or form of It is a question of joining the world that represents the religion of Islam as a political entity. We will discuss the ways of joining the world and the specific system of physical control that make different political identities by studying prayer and its logical interactions. We will finally show how prayer, especially as a collective sanction, is a form of identity or political distinction. We will try to study the relationship between the concept of friendship, its Aristotelian meaning, and prayer-related politics. We will also show how prayer, like other religious practices, can be in the form of collective relations as a democratic basis for forming political identity, or as we see in the radical Democracy of Chantal Moff. We will try to turn the concept of prayer into the theoretical foundation for formulating the concept of a socially Muslim way in a political recitation of Islam. Manuscript profile

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73 - "FIDIC" Dispute Resolution Methods in International Construction Disputes with Emphasis on Model Contracts
Milad Moradian Zazerani Ali Rostami Far Hamid Ghasemi

In recent decades, the International Union of Consulting Engineers (known as "FIDIC") has tried to resolve disputes amicably before referring them to management arbitration by predicting different dispute resolution methods in standard contracts. FIDIC interna More

In recent decades, the International Union of Consulting Engineers (known as "FIDIC") has tried to resolve disputes amicably before referring them to management arbitration by predicting different dispute resolution methods in standard contracts. FIDIC international construction sample contracts, since they have parties with different nationalities, should always be managed effectively so as not to be distrusted by foreign employers and contractors. Therefore, in such contracts, multi-layered dispute resolution and a combination of alternative methods of longitudinal dispute resolution are foreseen. In this research, which was compiled using descriptive and analytical method and citing reliable foreign and domestic sources, the findings of the discussion showed that since 1999, Fidic replaced the dispute resolution role of "Consulting Engineer" with "Dispute Resolution Board" (Sometimes "Dispute Avoidance Board") taking into account the type, quality and economic price of construction projects, as well as the agreement of the parties to the contracts, has tried to provide different and multi-layered models, firstly: to prevent disputes (preventive role) and secondly: disputes manage it in the development stage with special arrangements. Manuscript profile

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74 - Designing the Modern Iranian-Islamic Life of Style through grounded theory
Mohammad Esmaeili Josheghani Mohammad rahim esfidani Mohammad Ali Shahhosseni

Background: It is perhaps difficult to believe that recognizing the needs of each society can form the main lines and policies of policy makers at the national and commercial levels. But the trend of structural changes in the production and supply of products and servic More

Background: It is perhaps difficult to believe that recognizing the needs of each society can form the main lines and policies of policy makers at the national and commercial levels. But the trend of structural changes in the production and supply of products and services in the world has complicated the type of consumer behavior that has changed the lifestyle and culture of societies. And in every age people lived in a private lifestyle. Purpose: In this article, we have tried to design a new model in Iranian lifestyle by passing the concept of lifestyle and models of Western and Iranian cultures. Method: This research is in the context of qualitative research, which is carried out using a foundation-based approach to data theory. The population of this study was 17 selected university professors who participated in the profound interview as the main contributors to the study. . Findings: Based on the Grounded Theory, at the theoretical coding stage, 900 data were identified and encoded using Max-Q Da software, and then, in the axial coding step, 62 concepts were categorized and selected in the coding step In four main categories, the final model was designed using software. And then, this model is modeled on 62 indicators in three Persian, Azary, and Arabic languages through the data panel. Conclusion: The obtained model shows four categories of factors in the formation of lifestyle: environmental factors, individual factors, human factors and attitudes and values, and these factors have different values in different ethnicities and are more than models The previous one is more comprehensive. Manuscript profile

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75 - The Effects of Employing New Teaching Methods on Creativity and Academic Achievement of Students
Maryam Rahimimand Abbas Abbas Pour

Background: employing appropriate teaching methods is considered to be among the basic needs of improving quality of teaching. Most educational psychologists and educational trainers believe that learning setting should be organized in such a way that each student be ab More

Background: employing appropriate teaching methods is considered to be among the basic needs of improving quality of teaching. Most educational psychologists and educational trainers believe that learning setting should be organized in such a way that each student be able to practice based on acquired capabilities. Objective: This research was performed to study the effect of employing various teaching methods (traditional, oral question, scientific display and group discussion) on creativity and academic achievement of students. Method: The research was performed by quasi-experimental method. Statistical population were consisted of students of different majors from the Teachers’ Training Universities in Alborz province in which according to proportional stratified random sampling methods, some 270 students were selected as sample size. Study tools were Abedi creativity questionnaire test and researcher-made questionnaire of academic achievement. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multivarieate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Tukey's test were used to test hypotheses. Results: Results showed that the amount of student’s creativity and academic achievement is different in terms of various teaching methods (lecture, oral question, scientific display, discussion, group participation). Also, study results showed that student’s creativity and academic achievement was increased by discussion and group participation more than other methods. Therefore, methods of scientific display, oral question, and traditional method (lecture), respectively affects students’ creativity. Conclusions: Students trained by modern education methods have higher creativity and academic achievement. Manuscript profile

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76 - The Effectiveness of Group Mindfulness Training on the Resilience and Anxiety of Mothers with Low Vision and Blind Children Referred to Sanandaj Health Centers.
Maryam Zolfaghari Shohreh Ghorban shirodi

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on resilience and anxiety of mothers of low vision and blind children referring to health centers in Sanandaj.   Method: The research design was experimental with pr More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on resilience and anxiety of mothers of low vision and blind children referring to health centers in Sanandaj.   Method: The research design was experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with blind and visually impaired children referring to health centers of Sanandaj in 1397-1978. The sampling method was cluster sampling. The research tools used are Connor and Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire (2003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Descriptive statistics (graphs, frequency distribution tables, central indices (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were used for data analysis. 2) Inferential statistics methods; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).   Results: The results showed that Group mindfulness training affects the resiliency of mothers with low vision and blind children, and Group mindfulness training affects anxiety of mothers with low vision and blind children.   Conclusion: Mindfulness training is effective on resiliency and anxiety of mothers with low vision and blind children, as it allows one to respond to events rather than involuntarily responding to events.   Manuscript profile

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77 - Designing a Model of Girls’ Flourishing Based on Mothers’ Characterial Abilities with the Mediating Role of Parenting Methods
Zahra Mahmoodi Forough Jafari kiyanoosh Zahrakar Rozita Zabihi

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design a structural model of mothers’ characterial abilities and daughters’ flourishing with the mediating role of parenting styles. Method: The research was descriptive-correlative in terms of applied purpose and resea More

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design a structural model of mothers’ characterial abilities and daughters’ flourishing with the mediating role of parenting styles. Method: The research was descriptive-correlative in terms of applied purpose and research design. The statistical population of this study was all female students in the second year of urban high school in the academic year of 1997-98 along with their mothers. 465 students and their mothers were selected by stepwise cluster sampling method. In order to measure the variables, three questionnaires of Soleimani et al. (2015), characterial Patterson and Seligman (2004) abilities and parenting methods with Marind (1991) were used. Findings: The results showed that the abilities of originality, intellectualism, beauty admiration and appreciation of mothers have a direct effect on the prosperity of girls as well as the abilities of kindness, social intelligence, fairness, leadership, self-regulation on parenting style. Examining the direct effect of mothers’ parenting style on girls’ flourishing shows that mothers’ careless and authoritarian parenting style has no significant effect on girls’ flourishing, but mothers 'decisive parenting style has a direct effect on girls’ flourishing. The results of the study confirmed the indirect effect of kindness, social intelligence and leadership abilities on the flourishing of parenting style. Conclusion: Strengthening and applying meaningful characterial competencies in mothers, both directly and indirectly, through the effect it has on the style of parenting can definitely promote the prosperity of their daughters Manuscript profile

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78 - The Effectiveness of Group Counseling with Rational-Emotional-Behavioral Approach (REBT) Self-Efficacy and Social and Emotional Adjustment of Boy Students
seyed ali darbani Fatemeh Maleki Mehdi Rostami Azita Keshavarz

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling practices Rational-emotive-behavior Albert Ellis on self-efficacy and social adjustment And emotional students living in dormitories is done. A quasi-experimental study, the experimental and cont More

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling practices Rational-emotive-behavior Albert Ellis on self-efficacy and social adjustment And emotional students living in dormitories is done. A quasi-experimental study, the experimental and control groups before and after the procedure are. The population of all the male students constitutes Shahid Beheshti University dormitory  To assess the efficacy and compatibility of social and emotional status of students Sherer General Self-Efficacy (1982) Questionnaire and the Bell (1961) compatibility questionnaire on all students  Living in the dormitory of the boys was held. After extraction results, To determine the experimental and control groups, respectively, in the self-test people The results obtained were lower in the social and emotional compatibility test people  The poor results were achieved were identified. Then randomly 30 Among those, set out in two groups of fifteen subjects were randomly assigned experimental and control groups. The experimental group for 8 sessions, 90-minute and once a week group counseling program to rational-emotive behavioral practices experienced. After the group counseling sessions, both groups were tested again with the questionnaire mentioned. Data from this study using analysis of covariance (MANOVA) were analyzed. The results showed that group counseling rational-emotive behavioral practices Ellis, Improved self-efficacy and social and emotional adjustment in students. Manuscript profile

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79 - پیشبینی عملکرد خانواده دانشجویان از طریق شیوههای مقابله با استرس
امیر حسین خوشنام دکتر محمد قمری

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80 - رابطهشیوهوالدین پروری فرزند هایباخود و گرایی کمالتنظیمیو آن مقایسهدرآموزان دانشخانوادهفرزند چند و فرزند تک های ف
اکرم طهرانی فرنودیان پریسا1 زاده اسد حسن دکتر2 قوام ابراهیمی صغری فرنودیان پریسا1 زاده اسد حسن دکتر2 قوام ابراهیمی صغری

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81 - بین رابطه شیوه والدین پروری فرزند های باخود و گرایی کمال تنظیمی و آن مقایسه درآموزان دانشخانوادهفرزند چند و فرزند تک
فرنودیان پریسا1 زاده اسد حسن دکتر2 قوام ابراهیمی صغری فرنودیان پریسا1 زاده اسد حسن دکتر2 قوام ابراهیمی صغری

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82 - The effectiveness of Cognitive group training on Action for Individual development of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee´ clients
horeyeh heydari katrin fekri

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive group training on Action for individual growth of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee .The research method was Quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest for experimental and control groups. The st More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive group training on Action for individual growth of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee .The research method was Quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest for experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study was all the applicants for self-employment loans and the self-sufficiency of the Firuz Abad and Mamassani Relief Committee who were willing to participate in the research in 2015 and their number was 100 . Based on the small size of statistical population ,First by census method ,the Action for individual growth questionnaire was performed on the whole population. Then, among those who scored less than average (compared to the meanings of the scores obtained from 100 people), 30 (15 in each city) were selected and randomly Relief Committee´ clients of Mamassani Were replaced in the control group and Relief Committee´ clients of Firoozabad Were replaced in the experimental group.According to the Cognitive group training, experimental group had received eight sessions an hour and a half. And the control group received no intervention. Finally, a month after the test, the data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. The results showed that Cognitive group training is effective in and increasing scores acting for Individual development and the result for over time are constant. Therefore, it is suggested to be organized in the form of workshops , to use the cognitive theory to increase action for individual growth of applicants for self-employment loans and self-sufficiency Manuscript profile

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83 - An Overview of Water-borne Diseases: Risk factors and Prevention practices
Mohammad Safari Ahmad Asl hashemi Mehran Dolatkhah Gholamhossein Safari

Water is essential for human life and public health because up to 60% of the adult human body is made up of water. However, much of the world's population does not have access to sufficient and safe drinking water. The most common waterborne diseases are diarrheal More

Water is essential for human life and public health because up to 60% of the adult human body is made up of water. However, much of the world's population does not have access to sufficient and safe drinking water. The most common waterborne diseases are diarrheal diseases such as cholera, typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonella, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Also, health risks may be caused by chemical and radioactive compounds of water. In fact, some chemicals dissolved in water may be essential substances for food consumption, and some may be harmful in higher than permissible concentrations. These compounds can include various metals, synthetic organic materials and essential elements such as fluoride, iodine and selenium. This is why drinking water quality is a global health concern, especially in developing countries. This review study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the current and past researches in the field of waterborne diseases and most importantly the effective factors in transmitted diseases as well as methods of prevention and finally identifying potential gaps in studies related to waterborne diseases. The review of the literature showed that unsafe water and lack of access to basic sanitation facilities are the main causes of the outbreak of water-borne diseases. Improving drinking water conditions, proper sanitary facilities, especially sanitary disposal of feces, leads to the reduction of water-borne diseases. Manuscript profile

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84 - A Study of Dispute Resolution Methods in Contracting Contracts by Comparative Study in FIDIC
Alireza mashhadizadeh ali mohri

The dispute resolution methods due to their non-judicial approach can help to resolve disputes quickly and reduce costs in resolving disputes. Dispute resolution methods are a good alternative to inflexible judicial procedures in national courts. The nature of the contr More

The dispute resolution methods due to their non-judicial approach can help to resolve disputes quickly and reduce costs in resolving disputes. Dispute resolution methods are a good alternative to inflexible judicial procedures in national courts. The nature of the contract requires that the dispute be resolved promptly and possibly at the project site. The present descriptive and analytical study seeks to address whether arbitration process can be efficient in general conditions of contract. Also, the present study tries to find out if the application of new methods of dispute resolution board presented in FIDIC sample contracts can be helpful in reducing disputes. The results indicate that the sufficient knowledge of the dispute resolution boards and the continuous presence from the beginning of the project as a new method of dispute resolution has achieved a relatively good result. Manuscript profile

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85 - Designing and Explaining the Model of Improving the Efficiency of Human Resources Based on the Component of Modern Methods of the Third Millennium
doustali dehghanchachkami Rashid Zolfaghari Saffron fariba hanifi

The importance of the human factor in organizations and its unique role in planning, implementing and monitoring organizational affairs in different fields and levels has made it a strategic factor, and that's why today organizations pay more attention to human resource More

The importance of the human factor in organizations and its unique role in planning, implementing and monitoring organizational affairs in different fields and levels has made it a strategic factor, and that's why today organizations pay more attention to human resources as "human capital" than in the past. This article aims to answer this question, what model can be presented to improve the efficiency of human resources based on the components of the modern practices of the third millennium? In terms of the practical purpose, the method of collecting field information, the descriptive implementation method of the mixed exploratory type, the statistical population in the qualitative part of the experts and in the quantitative part included the employees and experts of the technical and professional university in 2013 was 1800 people. The sample size was determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan table of 317 people by stratified random quantitative sampling method and snowball qualitative sampling method.   Manuscript profile

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86 - Nonlinear models, an evolution in black box optimization in the relationship between human resource practices and organizational performance
masoud zolghadr Naser Hamidi seyed mahdi alvani gholamreza memarzadeh tehran

The recent challenge for organizations in new workplace is to focus on the productivity of work practices in the organization. Since employees are considered as the main intangible resource of the organization, paying attention to the optimal use of modern working pract More

The recent challenge for organizations in new workplace is to focus on the productivity of work practices in the organization. Since employees are considered as the main intangible resource of the organization, paying attention to the optimal use of modern working practices can reduce the risk of responding to external stimuli. It can ensure the productivity of human resources in achieving the goals and improving the performance of the organization while achieving the internal fit of the system components. In the present study, with a method based on nonlinear modeling, it is possible to optimize an array of native components and their dimensions as black boxes between teamwork and organizational performance, according to two factors: adequacy and complexity.By evaluating the views of more than 80 human resources experts, out of 16,383 combinations, the optimal array with the most effective role of the components of work conscience, spirit of cooperation and social adjustment and empowerment in the relationship between teamwork and performance of the studied organizations was introduced. By examining the ideal error composite statistics index, the elimination of the dimensions of "group and social relations" and "control of organizational decisions" from the last two components, respectively, can be considered as the optimization factor of the array. Manuscript profile

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87 - The mediating role of organizational innovation and technological innovation capability in effective knowledge management practices on firm performance
Mohammad Mehdi Parhizgar Iman Azizi Reza Norouzi

This study examined the mediating role of organizational innovation and technological innovation capability in effective knowledge management practices was conducted on the company's performance. The research method was descriptive and correlational. Smart-PLS software More

This study examined the mediating role of organizational innovation and technological innovation capability in effective knowledge management practices was conducted on the company's performance. The research method was descriptive and correlational. Smart-PLS software to evaluate hypotheses and methods of structural equation modeling and path analysis using partial least squares (PLS) was used. The results of knowledge management practices have a positive impact and significant only in two dimensions (knowledge acquisition and application of knowledge) on organizational innovation confirms and the impact of two dimensions (knowledge transfer and knowledge storage) on organizational innovation is not confirmed. The results indicate a significant and positive impact on the product innovation process is the ability to innovate.The results indicate a significant and positive impact on the product innovation process is the ability to innovate.The results indicate a significant and positive impact on the product innovation process is the ability to innovate.The results indicate a significant and positive impact on the product innovation process is the ability to innovate. Manuscript profile

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88 - Evaluating the effectiveness of process of contact with procrastination methods on academic self-regulating of students
saeed tavassoli Asiye Shariatmadar Ebrahim Naeimi

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of contact with procrastination methods on academic self-regulating of students. This study was performed in a quasi-experimental context with experimental and control groups and doing pre-test and post-test. The s More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of contact with procrastination methods on academic self-regulating of students. This study was performed in a quasi-experimental context with experimental and control groups and doing pre-test and post-test. The study population included all high school male students in grade 1 in the city of Saveh in the academic year of 2016-2017. In this research, the school was selected by available approach, and after completing the procrastination questionnaire, the students were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group were put in contact with procrastination techniques for 8 90-minutes sessions. The data collection tools included Solomon and Rothblum (1984) procrastination assessment scale - students, Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons self-regulation scale(1986). The results of data analysis by using analysis of covariance (P<0/02) showed that contact with procrastination methods is effective in increasing academic self-regulation. Therefore, based on the findings, one can conclude that contact with procrastination techniques can be used to increase self-regulation as an effective method. Manuscript profile

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89 - comparison of parenting style of usual and bulling children among elementary school of TEHRAN fifth region
Farkhondeh Mofidi Kamran Mamghaderi Masoud Najari Ali Khezernezhad

The purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 peo More

The purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 people. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 350. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster randomized questionnaire using Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire (1996) and Baumrind parenting style questionnaire (1972), 300 questionnaires (due to some incomplete questionnaires and lack of accountability To them) were collected perfectly. The reliability of the questionnaires was 83% and 76%, respectively, through the Cronbach's alpha method. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between parenting style of bullying and normal children and the dominant role of permissive parenting style in the parents of bullying children, and authoritative parenting style in the parents of normal children. Manuscript profile

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90 - The Relationship between Parents’ Child Rearing Styles and Children’s Hardiness
Masoud Naghipour

In this study, the relationship between different child rearing styles (authoritarian, democratic, and easygoing) in parents and hardiness in their children was studied. The research question was whether there was a relationship between parents’ rearing styles and More

In this study, the relationship between different child rearing styles (authoritarian, democratic, and easygoing) in parents and hardiness in their children was studied. The research question was whether there was a relationship between parents’ rearing styles and hardiness in children. In order to find answer to the above question, 300 university students were selected on the basis of their sex (males and females) major (humanistic and biological branches of science) and age (19 to 25). Khobasa hardiness inventory (50 items) and Baumrind (30 items) questionnaire were administered to assess the hardiness in students and child rearing styles in parents, respectively. The Pearson correlation test and a post-hoc test (freedly + test) were used to analyze the obtained data. Regarding the obtained fact, two other hypotheses (the two sexes and the two majors differs in hardiness) were tested and to test the above hypotheses the statistical + student test was used. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between democratic rearing style and hardiness in children; moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between authoritarian style and hardiness. However, it seemed that easygoing rearing style and hardiness in children were not correlated. The two sexes differed significantly in hardiness but not the two university majors (humanistic and biological). Manuscript profile

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91 - Predict marital satisfaction based on perceived parenting styles and identity styles
Mina Amininejad Mahdi Shahnazarie

This study aims to predictmarital satisfaction based on perceived parenting styles and identity styles among male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant. The study population is all male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant  and sample size was determined based on the Krsjy and More

This study aims to predictmarital satisfaction based on perceived parenting styles and identity styles among male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant. The study population is all male workers of Isfahan Steel Plant  and sample size was determined based on the Krsjy and Morgan that was 240 persons, The number of samples were selected randomly .To collect the data , Enrich marital satisfaction To collect the data, Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, Schiffer perceived parenting styles and Berzonsky styles Identity was used. The results showed that marital satisfaction is significantly correlated with authoritarian parenting styles positively and had a significant negative relationship with autocratic unresponsive parenting styles negatively. Permissive parenting style also doesn’t have a significant relationship with marital satisfaction. The findings also showed that marital satisfaction significantly had a positive relationship with normative identity style, informational identity style and commitment and had a negative and significant relationship with disoriented identity style. Manuscript profile

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92 - Effectiveness of emotional intelligence on social skill and coping stress style on student of Rasht city
Akbar Hemati Sabet Javad Khalatbari S.Sara Mosavi

                This is a semi experimental study that has been conducted the purpose of comparing effectiveness of emotional intelligence traing on social skill and coping stress style on studen More

                This is a semi experimental study that has been conducted the purpose of comparing effectiveness of emotional intelligence traing on social skill and coping stress style on student of Rasht city. The research community in this study are the all girl student from shahed high school of Rasht city, they are steal studing in 1388-1389. The sample including 30 people were selected from research community and were put randomly in two group of emotional intelligence traing and control. Gathering data tools in this study was devices, inventory social skills from inderbitzen and foster (1992), and coping inventory for stressful – situation from Endler and parker (1990) Social skill and coping stress ful-situation questionnaires has been condacted the pretest and post test, group emotional intelligence traning of participate in 12 session, 90 minutes, once a week, but control group didn't receive any traning. For descriptive and analysis of data, statistical indicator like mean, standard deviation and in deductive statistic covariance Mankova analysis have been used result showed that emotional intelligence traning on social skill coping stress style (problem-focused and avoiding) have hightest intensity effect but have low intensity effect on emotional-focused. So we can conclude that emotional intelligence traning on in crease social skill and adapting useful method of coping stress styles is effective. Manuscript profile

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93 - Relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boy students`self-esteem
Khalil Ghaffari Seyed Saeed Hosseini

This research as relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools in Aligudarz.  For this purpose, a sample of 240 students who were selected by cluster sampling method, has been studied. The main More

This research as relationship the use of punishment and reward practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools in Aligudarz.  For this purpose, a sample of 240 students who were selected by cluster sampling method, has been studied. The main purpose in this study was: to examine relationship used punishment and reward practiceswith students`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools,and the main hypotheses was: Between use of punishment and reward  practices with boystudents`self-esteem in elementary and middle schools, there is a significant relationship. The research design was, causal - comparative and to analyse the data and information obtained, Pearson correlation, t-test and Chi-square test was used.The information and data collection instrument used in this study comprised two questionnaires: researcher-developed questhonnire of the use of punishment and reward practices and Alice pope self-esteem questionnaire. The findings of this study showed that: the main research hypothesis wasn`t confirmed. Also hypotheses 3 and 4 research were confirmed and hypotheses 1, 2, 5; 6 and 7 were not confirmed. Manuscript profile

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94 - بررسی تاثیر آموزش شیوه های مطالعه بر اضطراب امتحان در دانش آموزان دختر دوره دوم متوسطه، آموزش و پرورش ناحیه 3 شهر تبریز
الهام کاظم پور جهانگیر یاری

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95 - The Effectiveness of Family Education in Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on Marital Adjustment, Resilience and Quality of Life in Couples
SeyedMorteza Ahmaditar Behnam Makvandi Mansoor Sodani

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family education on cognitive-behavioral education on marital adjustment, resiliency and quality of life in Rogan. The field experiment was a post-test pre-test-posttest with control group with follow-up. The stat More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family education on cognitive-behavioral education on marital adjustment, resiliency and quality of life in Rogan. The field experiment was a post-test pre-test-posttest with control group with follow-up. The statistical population in this study was 120 couples, Whose children were studying in the 97-96 school year and They were selected based on sampling and then randomly assigned to experimental group (20 couples) and control group (20 couples). The experimental group was subjected to cognitive-behavioral instruction in 10 sessions of 1.5 hours.. Marital adjustment (MAQ), resiliency (CD-RAS) and quality of life questionnaires (WHOQOL) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) and single-variable analysis (ANCOVA). The results showed that Family education in cognitive-behavioral way has affected marital adjustment, resilience and improve the quality of marital life.. Also, the results of a one-month follow-up show the sustainability of the training effect. Manuscript profile

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96 - The effectiveness of Lane Clark parenting training on reducing parent-child conflict and girls' anxiety
Hasan Gharibi Hiva Mahmoodi Kamel Abdollah Nezhad

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parenting skills training girls based on the method of Lynn Clark's method in the reduction of parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school. The method of this research was semi-experimental with pre-test an More

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parenting skills training girls based on the method of Lynn Clark's method in the reduction of parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school. The method of this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students in the city of Ghorveh during the academic year of 1997-1996 (1225), which 50 students were randomly selected using cluster random sampling in two groups of 25 test and control groups. At first, a parent-child conflict and anxiety pre-test was performed from both groups. Then, the parents of the experimental group received 8 parenting education sessions based on Lynn Clark's method. After teaching parenting skills, a post-test was performed from the experimental and control groups. The data were collected through the cattle anxiety inventory questionnaire and parent-child conflict questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multi-path covariance analysis. The findings showed that parenting education skills influenced by Lynn Clark's approach to reducing parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school girls. So we can used teach parenting skills to parents as a way to improve their relationships with their children and improve educational. Manuscript profile

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97 - Investigation of sociological factors related to the method of caring for the elderly in Rasht with a theoretical approach
Nader Jahanaray Seyednaser Hejazi Mansour Haghighatian

10.30495/jss.2021.1926066.1317

Today, the aging population is increasing in the world, including in Iran, and therefore the methods of care and meeting the needs of the elderly is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the sociological factors related to social welfare of the elderly More

Today, the aging population is increasing in the world, including in Iran, and therefore the methods of care and meeting the needs of the elderly is very important. The aim of this study was to determine the sociological factors related to social welfare of the elderly in Rasht. The research method, qualitative method and technique used were grounded theory. Participants were families with elderly parents and nurses and nursing home physicians. The sampling method was purposeful and the data collection tool was interview. Data analysis was performed in the form of open, axial and selective triple coding. Findings showed that the set of factors related to the care of the elderly contributes to the social well-being of the elderly. This phenomenon is affected by causal conditions that are effective in caring for the elderly; Including meeting the needs of the elderly, large number of children, knowledge and experience of care methods, specialized support for the elderly. Having proper nutrition, adequate level of health and treatment, having a comfortable and comfortable living place are the basic and important needs of the elderly, but the most important danger that threatens the elderly is his isolation from those around him. Manuscript profile

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98 - Sociology of living styles (production – consumption culture)
Ayoub Youssef Pour Nezami

  Human living style(s) has material and immaterial origins. Sociology using analytical tool of culture, studies both material and immaterial components. One of the elements of immaterial cultural life style is epistemic. This article reviews civilization and urba More

  Human living style(s) has material and immaterial origins. Sociology using analytical tool of culture, studies both material and immaterial components. One of the elements of immaterial cultural life style is epistemic. This article reviews civilization and urbanization process paying briefly to the characteristics and epistemological foundations of traditional, modern and post-modern lifestyles.                                                                                                           In civilization process, human lifestyle has changed. These changes were examined in production and consumption and also it is discussed about the civilized human’s unskillfulness in daily life and housekeeping, his alienation and captivity in an iron cage or global jungle.                                                                                                                                Production-consumption craze of modernism and consumerism and forging of post modernism are among cases which have been criticized as destructive consequences of those two philosophies (modernism and post-modernism). Manuscript profile

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99 - The examination of social factors related to the tendency of high school students to the reference group in Ardabil
Haji Vali Agagolizadeh mohsen alaei Firouz Rad

The subject of the present study is the examination of social factors related to the tendency of high school students to the reference group in Ardabil. Statistical population of this study is 13584 students and to determine sample volume, Cochran formula was used and 4 More

The subject of the present study is the examination of social factors related to the tendency of high school students to the reference group in Ardabil. Statistical population of this study is 13584 students and to determine sample volume, Cochran formula was used and 400students were selected. The research method is survey and data gathered by a questionnaire which was validated by some masters and senior expert students (as criterion validity). Also the reliability of the questionnaire estimated using cronbach alpha. The obtained findings show that there is a meaningful difference between tendency to the reference group and variables such as religiosity, academic achievement, social status and gender of students. Also, there isn’t a meaningful relationship between tendency to the reference group and variables such as social participation, management practices, and the use of mass media.  The results of regression analysis indicate that, the variables of academic achievement, social status, gender of students and religiosity stay in the above-mentioned model. Elite group with 32/3percent and athletes with27/8 percent, were selected the first and second reference group respectively, and economic group with 3/32 percent was chosen as the last reference group. Manuscript profile

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100 - چالشهای آموزش و ارزیابی زبان انگلیسی در دبیرستانهای ایران
غلامرضا عباسیان فاطمه خادم پیر

10.30495/jal.2019.664537

تغییر رویکرد در آموزش زبان سبب شده است که بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران دست به اصلاحات بنیادین در برنامه آموزش زبان انگلیسی در نظام آموزش  عمومی بزنند. لیکن، چنین روند نوید بخش  در ایران چالشهای  جدی در پی داشته استت بطوریکه انجام چنین تحقیقاتی را ضرورت More

تغییر رویکرد در آموزش زبان سبب شده است که بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران دست به اصلاحات بنیادین در برنامه آموزش زبان انگلیسی در نظام آموزش  عمومی بزنند. لیکن، چنین روند نوید بخش  در ایران چالشهای  جدی در پی داشته استت بطوریکه انجام چنین تحقیقاتی را ضرورت بخشیده است. این مطالعه با مشارکت 70 نفر معلم زبان و 70 نفر دانش آموز به هدف بررسی چالشهای اجرای آموزش بر اساس شیوه ارتباطی هم از منظر دانش آموزشی معلمین و هم از جنبه ارزیابی تحصیلی صورت گرفت. این دو متغیر و سه بعد هر کدام بر اساس مدل PLSM  مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که یافته ها موید همبستگی متفاوت سه بعد داتش ارتباطی  و نیز دانش ارزیابی به ترتیب نسبت به سازه های اصلی یعنی دانش ارتباطی و دانش ارزیابی بوده است. لیکن آزمون فرید من موید عدم سازگاری و تناسب ابعاد مذکور با اجرای برنامه می باشد. مقایسه پس-وقوعی نیز موید نگرش حداقلی تر معلمین نسبت به دانش آموزشی شیوه ارتباطی در مقایسه با دانش ارزیابی و ابعاد آن بوده است کما اینکه دانش و معلومات آنان در زمینه ویزگیهای شیوه ارتباطی نیز پایینتر می باشد، هر چند که تفاوت معناداری بین متغیر دانش آموزشی شیوه ارتباطی و جنبه دانش تهیه آزمونهای ارتباطی  دیده نشد. البته مجموعا دانش فنون اجرای شیوه ارتباطی نیز در مقایسه با سه جنبه مختلف ارزیابی شامل آزمون سازی، دانش آزمونهای  ارتباطی و دانش خاص تهیه و تدوین آزمونهای ارتباطی پاینتر ارزیابی می شود. مجموعا نوعی عدم تطابق و سازگاری بین دانش آموزش و ارزیابی شیوه ارتباطی آموزش زبان به عنوان چالشهای اجرایی و ارزیابی برنامه درسی همچنان بقوت خود باقی هستند که مستلزم برنامه ریزیهای اساسی در حیطه تربیت معلم زبان می باشد.   Manuscript profile

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101 - تأ ثیر سه شیوه آموزشی واژ گان :اجزا ء سازنده واژ گان ، فلش کارت و سر نخ های با فتی بر یاد سپاری فوری و با تأ خیر واژگان دانش آ موزان پایه سوم دبیر ستان
عباس ابراهیمیان نساء نبی فر

هدف از پژ وهش حا ضر مقایسه ی تا ثیر سه  شیوه آ موزشی  واژگان :شیوه تدریس اجزا ء سا زنده واژ ها ، فلش کارت و استفاده از شیوه سر نخ  های متنی  بر یاد سپاری بلا فا صله   و با تأ خیر  واژگان  دانش آ موزان پا یه سوم دبیر ستان های  More

هدف از پژ وهش حا ضر مقایسه ی تا ثیر سه  شیوه آ موزشی  واژگان :شیوه تدریس اجزا ء سا زنده واژ ها ، فلش کارت و استفاده از شیوه سر نخ  های متنی  بر یاد سپاری بلا فا صله   و با تأ خیر  واژگان  دانش آ موزان پا یه سوم دبیر ستان های  ایران است.به همین دلیل نود دانش آ موز در این پژ وهش شر کت نمو دند که مشغول تحصیل در  مدارس تبریز  بودند.برای اطمینان از همگن بودن  آن ها ، آزمون پت به آ ن ها داده شد ، بر پایه نتا یج بدست آ مده بیست نفر از هر کلاس انتخاب شدند و این سه کلاس دست نخورده به صورت تصا د فی در سه گروه آ موزشی قرار گر فته اند. ابتدا به عنوان پیش آزمون  شصد  واژه به عنوان پیش آ زمون به آن ها داده شد که چهل تا از آ ن ها نا شنا خته برای دانش آ موزان بودند، هر کلاس تحت تدریس یک شیوه قرار گر فت ، و آ موزش های لازم داده شد .برای فهمیدن تأثیر هر شیوه تدریس در آ خرین جلسه پس آ زمون  متشکل از چهل واژه داده شد و بعد از چهار هفته پس آ مون با  تا خیر داده شد و نمرات بدست آمده با استفاده از آ مون انو وا مقایسه شد .نتا یج بدست آ مده نشان داد که تا ثیر سر نخ  های با فتی بر یادگیری واژ ها بیشتر از شیو های دیگر است .نتا یج بدست آمده مفید برای اساتید زبان ،دانش آ موزان ، مدارس و دانشگا ها است Manuscript profile

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102 - آموزش تلفظ در زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی نظری
حمید نیکبخت

در این مقاله به بررسی  وضیعت رو به بهبود آموزش تلفظ و دیدگاه های کنونی بر آن و همچنین شیوه های نوآورانه به همراه تکنیکها و روش های یادگیری و آموزش تلفظ پرداخته شده است. شیوه های آموزش تلفظ طی دهه های اخیربه خصوص پس از جنبش اصلاحات  دستخوش تغییرات زیادی شده است More

در این مقاله به بررسی  وضیعت رو به بهبود آموزش تلفظ و دیدگاه های کنونی بر آن و همچنین شیوه های نوآورانه به همراه تکنیکها و روش های یادگیری و آموزش تلفظ پرداخته شده است. شیوه های آموزش تلفظ طی دهه های اخیربه خصوص پس از جنبش اصلاحات  دستخوش تغییرات زیادی شده است. آموزش تلفظ به صورت خاص برای اولین بار در متد صوتی-زبانی پدیدار گردید و در تدریس زبان به شیوه گویایی ادامه یافت؛ هر چند که روش های آموزش تلفظ تاریخچه ای بس طولانی دارد. در این مقاله ، محقق به مطالعه دقیق عامل های موثر بر یادگیری تلفظ پرداخته است. مطالعه ای که در تسهیل کردن آموزش و فراگیری تلفظ به صورت گسترده ای کمک خواهد کرد. سپس، در ادامهِ مقاله تمرکز عمدتاً بر قابل فهم بودنِ تلفظ به عنوان هدفی واقع بینانه تر در آموزش و تعلیم تلفظ خواهد بود. و همچنین، پیشنهاداتی برای آموزش تلفظ ارائه و نشان داده شده است که آموزش تلفظ در کلاس های یادگیری زبان به عنوان زبان خارجه با ارائه به روزترین و موثرترین شیوه های تدریس تلفظ بسیار آسان و ثمربخش خواهد بود که در این مقاله مجموعه ای متنوعه از این شیوه ها و تکنیکها معرفی می گردد. نهایتاٌ، محقق روش های کنونی و نوین آموزش تلفظ را به اختصار ذکر کرده و بینش های جدیدی در تعلیم تلفظ ارائه می دهد.  Manuscript profile

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103 - تاثیر شیوه آموزشی تیمی بر دانش آموزشی هر یک از مدرسان همکار درتیم
فرناز لطیف

در مدل آموزشی تیمی، هر دو همکار با به عهده گرفتن مسئولیت هایی مشترک از قبیل ارائه مشاوره آموزشی ، آموزش و مدیریت کلاس درس قادر خواهند بود تا تخصص کاربردی -حرفه ای یکدیگر را مشاهده نموده ، آن را مورد بررسی و نقد قرار دهند و در نهایت تجربیات کاربردی یکدیگر را به طور مستقی More

در مدل آموزشی تیمی، هر دو همکار با به عهده گرفتن مسئولیت هایی مشترک از قبیل ارائه مشاوره آموزشی ، آموزش و مدیریت کلاس درس قادر خواهند بود تا تخصص کاربردی -حرفه ای یکدیگر را مشاهده نموده ، آن را مورد بررسی و نقد قرار دهند و در نهایت تجربیات کاربردی یکدیگر را به طور مستقیم یا غیر مستقیم فرا گیرند.  در این مقاله سعی شده است تااجرای  این مدل آموزشی نوین ( به عنوان مدلی جایگزین شیوه تدریس سنتی تک مدرسی) در کلاسهای زبان انگلیسی بازرگانی عمومی در شرکت ساپکو ( شرکت فنی مهندسی طراحی و تامین قطعات خودرو)  بررسی شود.  بدین مفهوم که  محقق این مطالعه موردی اساسا سعی داشته است تا با تمرکز بر عملکرد دو مدرس زبان انگلیسی  بازرگانی  عمومی رویکردها و باورهای آنها را نسبت به تجربه تدریس تیمی قبل و پس از مورد بررسی قرار دهد  تا بتواند از میزان تاثیر این شیوه نوین آموزشی بر سطح دانش آموزشی هر یک از مدرسان همکار آگاه شود. در نتیجه این پژوهش شیوه آموزش تیمی در مقایسه با روشهای انفرادی توسعه و ارتقاء دانش  ،طبق نظر مدرسانی که در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند ، به عنوان  شیوه موثرتری برای انتقال و  توسعه دانش آموزشی مدرسان مطرح شده است. به علاوه شیوه آموزش تیمی را به راحتی  می توان به عنوان شیوه ای مقرون به صرفه و  جایگزین دوره های سنتی آموزش ضمن خدمت به طراحان دوره های آموزشی ، سیاستگذاران آموزشی و و افرادی که دستاندرکار ارتقاء و توسعه حرفه ای مدرسان هستند معرفی شود. Manuscript profile

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104 - واکنش زبان‌آموزان ایرانی به دریافت دو نوع بازخورد مکتوب معلم و هم‌آموز در کلاسهای انشا‌نویسی
میترا ربیعی

در سالهای اخیر، آموزش مهارت نوشتاری از توجه صرف بر نتیجه امر بیشتر بر روند نوشتار تاکید دارد. در این رویکرد ، بازخورد که عبارت است از فراهم آوردن مجموعه ای از اطلاعات از سوی خواننده به نویسنده متن از نقش بسیار مهمی برخوردار است. تحقیق حاضر، به تاثیر دو نوع بازخورد مکتوب More

در سالهای اخیر، آموزش مهارت نوشتاری از توجه صرف بر نتیجه امر بیشتر بر روند نوشتار تاکید دارد. در این رویکرد ، بازخورد که عبارت است از فراهم آوردن مجموعه ای از اطلاعات از سوی خواننده به نویسنده متن از نقش بسیار مهمی برخوردار است. تحقیق حاضر، به تاثیر دو نوع بازخورد مکتوب معلم وهم آموز بر کیفیت کلی مهارت نوشتاری زبانآموزان می پردازد. بدین منظور، از میان 98 زبانآموز ایرانی که متوسط سنی آنها بین 22 تا 25 سال بود و همگی در رشته کارشناسی مترجمی زبان انگلیسی تحصیل میکردند ، 60 نفر آنها بر اساس نمره آزمون استاندارد زبان (OPT) و یک نمونه پاراگراف توضیحی با تاکید بر ذکر دلایل انتخاب و به سه گروه متجانس 20 نفری تقسیم شدند. کلیه شرکت کنندگان ملزم به نوشتن پیرامون پنج موضوع در طول یک ترم تحصیلی ( 15 هفته ) بودند. نوشتن در مورد هر موضوع به طور کامل سه هفته به طول انجامید . هفته اول: نوشتن موضوع با نظارت معلم و در محیط کلاس درس ، هفته دوم ، ارائه بازخورد از سوی معلم یا هم آموز و هفته سوم، بازنویسی متن اولیه بر اساس بازخورد دریافتی. سپس کلیه دست نوشته ها، قبل و بعد از دریافت بازخورد، به شیوه جزئی نگر نمره گذاری شدند. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از آن است که اولاً : دریافت بازخورد مکتوب تاثیر به سزایی بر کیفیت نوشتار زبانآموزان داشته است و دوما: از میان دو منبع فراهم کننده بازخورد – معلم و هم آموز – زبانآموزان از بازخوردهای معلم خود بیشتر بهره برده اند. از دیگر نتایج این مطالعه می توان به نقش متفاوت زبانآموزان در شیوه ارتباطی آموزش زبان دوم اشاره داشت که طی آن به عنوان افراد مستقل به ایفای نقش پرداخته و به نوشته های سایر هم کلاسی های خود واکنش نشان داده و سعی در فراهم نمودن پاسخی مناسب می نمایند و به این ترتیب بر میزان و ساختار معلومات زبان دوم خود می افزایند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

105 - The Relationship between Child-Rearing Practices and Academic achievement of Guidance School Students of Ilkhechi
Mansoor Bayrami Jafar Bahadori Khosroshahi

Family is the first basis and origin of personality and thinking values, which plays an important role in determining the future life style of the person. In this case, the maintenance of positive relationship between parents and their children causes their academic ach More

Family is the first basis and origin of personality and thinking values, which plays an important role in determining the future life style of the person. In this case, the maintenance of positive relationship between parents and their children causes their academic achievement motive.The present study was conducted with a survey correlation research method. The statistical population included all the third graders in Ilkhechi guidance schools. Using morgan table 200 students (100 male & 100 female) were selected as sample size. The method of sampling was random sampling. To collect the data, Baumrind parenting style questionnaire was used. Furthermore, the students, final examination scores were applied as an indicator of academic achievement. The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and a multiple regression model. `Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between academic achievement and authoritative child-rearing style. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that academic achievement has a significant negative correlation with permissive and authoritarian styles. Finally, the stepwise regression analysis suggested that the authoritative child-rearing practice is the strong predictor of academic achievement. Therefore, due to the importance of the parenting styles in the academic achievement of the students, instructing the parents about the parenting practices of the adolescents can result in the academic success of their children. Manuscript profile

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106 - A comparison of child rearing method and affective climate of a family a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety
Prissa Rahmani Naeimeh mohebb

The objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children ou More

The objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children out of which 102 child had free floating anxiety and the remained 98 child had no anxiety. The hypotheses were about two groups of healthy and anxious children who were examined against their parents’ child rearing styles (despotically, easy going and authoritatively), the affevtive climate, as well, to find the differences among them. To gather the data three kinds of questionnaire were used, namely (child symptom Inventory (CSI)), Affective climate inventory and child vearing inveventory. The results confirmed all the hypotheses and were along the previous researches. Manuscript profile

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107 - Relationship between perceived parenting practices and maternal-paternal trait anxiety with young adults' anxiety
Khalil Esmaeilpour Leili Jamil

The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parenting practices and maternal-paternal trait anxiety with young adults' anxiety. To do so, 100 (50 female and 50 male) local students of Tabriz Public, and Azad Universities were selec More

The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parenting practices and maternal-paternal trait anxiety with young adults' anxiety. To do so, 100 (50 female and 50 male) local students of Tabriz Public, and Azad Universities were selected through volunteer sampling. Since parents were needed to fill questionnaires, the sample was selected among local students. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spiel Berger, Gorsuch and Lushene, 1970) was used to measure parents and children's trait anxiety, and Children's Report of Parenting Behavior Inventory (CRPBI; Schaefer, 1965) was used for assessing children's perceptions of parenting practices. Data were analyzed through correlation and multiple regression methods. The results showed that there was positive, significant relationship between parents and children's anxiety. Also there was significant relationship between children's perceptions of parenting practices and offspring's anxiety, so that children's perception of accepting and over-controlling parenting, respectively, had negative and positive relationships with children's anxiety. Based on the results, it was concluded that parents with high anxiety and children's perception of parenting practices have incredible role in children's trait anxiety. Therefore, by training appropriate parenting practices to parents and reducing parents' anxiety the offspring's anxiety and its harmful traces could be reduced.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

108 - A study of the relationship between the cognitive styles (Field dependence & Field intendance) with learning and the studying methods among the third grade theoretical high-school female students in Tabriz in 2010-2011
Yousef Adib Akbar Rezaei Sedigheh Sobhi Laleh

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between cognitive styles (field dependence and field independence) with learning and studying female among the theoretical high-school students of Tabriz. Employing descriptive-correlational method, the data was More

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between cognitive styles (field dependence and field independence) with learning and studying female among the theoretical high-school students of Tabriz. Employing descriptive-correlational method, the data was collected through GEFT and MSLQ. The statistical population included all thethird grade students 6821 people in fifth educational districts of Tabriz. Using Morgan`s. Table the sample size 364 people. The sampling method was multiple clusters. The reliability of questionnaires was acceptable. For analyzing and interpreting the data, SPSS software (version 17) was used. The results demonstrated that cognitive style of the participants was field independence. A positive and direct relationship was found between cognitive (field dependence and field independence) and studying methods and learning styles of the female participants. Finally, no significant relationship was found between cognitive styles (dependence field and independence field) of participants at different majors.   Manuscript profile

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109 - A Study of relationship between parental rearing methods and attachment styles with depression symptoms in adolescents
Zeynab khanjani Toraj hashemi Fariba elhamfar

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between attachment skills and parental rearing methods with depression symptoms. The statistical population were all the female high-school students in Tabriz, using cochrans’ formula, 375 students were More

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between attachment skills and parental rearing methods with depression symptoms. The statistical population were all the female high-school students in Tabriz, using cochrans’ formula, 375 students were selected as the sample size. The method of collecting data was multistage random sampling. To gather the data the Bamrindparental rearing methods, the adultattachment skills questionnaires and the kutcher adolescent depression scale were used. To analyse the data pearson’s correlation and concurrent regression were used. The results showed that the adolescents with avoidance unsecure attachment skill showed higher level of depression symptoms. There was not any relationship between secure attachment style and ambivalent unsecure attachment with depression symptoms. The results also showed that there was a negative significant difference between the depression and rational authoritative parental rearing method, and there was a positive significant difference between depression and despotic parental rearing method. Whereas no relationship was observed between depression and permissive parental rearing method. According to the findings it can be concluded that attachment styles and parental rearing methods can have an important role in appearing adolescent depression symptoms. Manuscript profile

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110 - Evaluating the Psychological Methods of Teaching Self-confidence in Stories of Iranian Children's Stories
Vahid Khodaei Majd

Self-confidence and high self-reliance are among the main factors of prosperity and growth in life, and psychotherapist suggest different methods to reinforce them using the stories in childhood. Therefore, this research aimed at recognizing and evaluating the psycholog More

Self-confidence and high self-reliance are among the main factors of prosperity and growth in life, and psychotherapist suggest different methods to reinforce them using the stories in childhood. Therefore, this research aimed at recognizing and evaluating the psychological methods of teaching self-confidence that are concealed in Iranian stories. The research is descriptive and library-based. To analyze the data, content-analysis was conducted. Considering the large population of the study, using purposeful sampling, 141 Iranian stories for B and C age groups that involve 7-11 years old children, were selected as study samples. To evaluate the selected stories, a researcher-made Matrix, which included the main methods of developing self-confidence, was used. Also, Milles and Huberman’s interpretive approach, which is one of the main scales of content analysis, was employed. At the same time, in order to determine the relation between the variables, Kay Skoer’s statistical test was used. The results show that different psychological methods are used in Iranian stories in order to develop self-confidence in children, among which we can refer to reinforcing positive thinking, self-steem, nourishing sympathy, nourishing creativity, helping self-identification and self-acceptance, reducing of humility sensation, and adjusting megalomania Manuscript profile

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111 - Determining The Effect of Human resource Management Procedures on Organizational Learning Capability with the Human Capital Mediation
Mohammad Akbary Booreng Samira Pour

The aim the present study was to determine the effect of human resource management procedures on organizational learning capability with the human capital mediation. In order to achieve this goal, using the simple random sampling method, 80 members from the research and More

The aim the present study was to determine the effect of human resource management procedures on organizational learning capability with the human capital mediation. In order to achieve this goal, using the simple random sampling method, 80 members from the research and development active units were selected as the sample size. To collect the data questionnaire was used. To analyze the data, PLS statistical software was used. The indexes of conceptual model showed that this model enjoys the optimal fitness. The research results showed that human resource management procedures (selection, improvement, development, and merit based assessment) and human capital have positive significant effect on organizational learning capability. The results also showed that human capital plays a mediating role among these procedures. Manuscript profile

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112 - Evaluation of Functional Efficiency of Space in Architecture of Two-Sided Houses Built in the First Pahlavi of Shiraz(Case Study: Razmjoo and Mostaghni Houses)
Fatemeh Kakaei Tahereh Nasr Hadi Keshmiri Hamed Moztarzadeh

10.30495/jisaud.2023.1998742.1104

Since the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate func More

Since the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format. Manuscript profile

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113 - The Globalization, space and changes of expenditure culture with an emphasis on Land uses changes (Case study: Sa'aadat Abaad district, region 2 of Tehran)
Jila Sajadi Parviz Aghaei Kobra Moradi

The changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate eff More

The changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate effective factors in the changes of expenditure pattern. The volume of statistical community is 30 thousand people among whom 380 improbable sample have been chosen by Cochran formula. The study is conducted by descriptive-analytic research method and has a practical-applicable goal. The data and information have been gathered in both ways of desk study and field study. Data analyses have been done by inferential test, Pearson and Regression inferential, in addition to quantitative and descriptive subjects. The research results indicate that the first prior application ( retailers, bakeries, supermarkets, and ...) have owned the least share of 9.16 % in 1393 while the fourth prior application and unnecessary applications ( pizza places, coffee shops,...) have enhanced their share by 48% from 1385 and the previous years. The globalization variables have affected the expenditure pattern as the highest correlation index of traveling abroad and using new applications of 0,527 can be observed. It means that as much as the globalization penetrates the society's culture, their expenditure pattern will change. In addition to the globalization variables, aging, education, economical condition of the residents and the income enhancement of these applications are also effective which will pave the way for using modern applications. Manuscript profile

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114 - Investigation of Structure and Regeneration Forest Trees in Logged and Non-logged (Case of study: Darabkola Forest of Sari)
ali shojaie shami امین وثوقیان

In this study the effects of the silvicultural methods was investigated on structure and regeneration of the forest trees in logged and non-logged stands according to the importance of forest trees. The forest had two regions with same areas which one of them was logged More

In this study the effects of the silvicultural methods was investigated on structure and regeneration of the forest trees in logged and non-logged stands according to the importance of forest trees. The forest had two regions with same areas which one of them was logged through shelterwood system and another was non-logged. Logged stand was assessed after 10 years from harvesting. 60 plots (1000 m2) and micro-plots (100 m2) were systematic randomly established in the field. The comparison of the diameter of trees between these two stands showed the significant difference (P<0.05). With comparison of the vegetative parameters of four trees near to plot center it was demonstrated that there was significant difference between two stands concerning diameter at breast height (P<0.05), stem height (P<0.05), crown height (P<0.01), basal area at breast height (P<0.01) and volume (P<0.05). There wasn’t significant difference for total height, minimum and maximum diameter of crown and basal area of crown. Comparison of the regeneration in micro plots of two stands indicated the significant difference at probability level of 99 percent for regeneration density of stands. Moreover, there was significant difference at probability level of 95 percent between two stands for regeneration quality. Manuscript profile

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115 - Canopy gaps properties effect on regeneration of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the mixed beech stands
Kiomars Sefidi Mohammad reza Marvi mohajer Vahid Etemad Raynhard Mozandel

The aim of this research was to describe characteristics of natural canopy gaps and gap area fraction as an environmental influence on the success of beech seedling establishment in mature beech stands. All canopy gaps and related forest parameters were measured within More

The aim of this research was to describe characteristics of natural canopy gaps and gap area fraction as an environmental influence on the success of beech seedling establishment in mature beech stands. All canopy gaps and related forest parameters were measured within three 25 ha areas within the Gorazbon district of the University of Tehran’s Kheyrud Experimental Forest. Results showed an average of 3 gaps/ha occurred in the forest and gap sizes ranged from 19 to 1250 m2 in size. The most frequent (58%) canopy gaps were <200 m2. In total, canopy gaps covered 9.3% of the forest area. Gaps <400 m2 in size were irregular in shape, but larger gaps did not differ significantly in shape from a circle. Most gaps (41%) were formed by a single tree-fall event and beech made up 63% of gap makers and 93% of gap fillers. Frequency and diversity of tree seedlings were not significantly correlated with gap size. The minimum gap size that contained at least one beech gap-filling sapling (<1.3 m tall) was 23.7 m2. The median gap size containing at least one beech gap-filling sapling was 206 m2 and the maximum size was 1808 m2. The management implications from our study suggest that the creation of small and medium sized gaps in mixed beech forest should mimic natural disturbance regimes and would be consider as near to nature in the study area. Manuscript profile

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116 - Evaluation of the effect of the urban structure of the Corridors (functional Corridors) on the travel patterns of citizens with regard to the goals and motivations of a travel (case study: zone 1 city of Hamadan)
yaser hatami Kianoosh zaker haghighi hadi Rezaei rad

One of the main components of the urban structure of the constituent urban topics (urban passages) that are a lot of plays in the city play a space agency. In fact, the proper relationship between the creation of the shbakhhai platform communication, space and human act More

One of the main components of the urban structure of the constituent urban topics (urban passages) that are a lot of plays in the city play a space agency. In fact, the proper relationship between the creation of the shbakhhai platform communication, space and human activity. Generally in most urban environments of urban rational choice under each passenger, decides to travel with the different options, and with the aim of doing a specific activity of an origin and a destination, select it with the determination of the optimal path (from your perspective) tends to move it. This research study sought to analyze the impact that functional axes according to the goals and motivations of a journey on the pattern of a journey of citizens in the region to create a city of Hamadan has a positive step in the direction of an integrated transport system design. Applied research and methods it is descriptive-analytical. Applied research and its analytical method is descriptive-sample size for three- functional Corridors. we in the region of Hamadan using a formula (to determine the sample size when the size of the community is unknown) to arrange equal (Shariati 225, mirzadeh Eshghi 290, saeidieh 265 ). Also a simple random sampling method. For the analysis of SPSS software (analysis of variance and regression analysis). The results of the study suggest that the greatest influence on the performance of selected topics between the pattern of a journey of citizens according to the test (HMR) taken with the amount of (Beta=. 971) access function. Thus according to results achieved action for integrating public transport system and land on the three axes are connected in the framework of the ABC system has been proposed. Manuscript profile

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117 - شیوه های تبلیغی صوفیه ی هند در نشر اسلام
دکتر رضا شعبانی مژگان پور فرد

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118 - تأثیر نظام ارباب و رعیتی بر ساختار تصمیم گیری های سیاست خارجی و منافع ملی ایران (تأکید بر دوره قاجار تا انقلاب اسلامی)
دکتر جمیل حسن پور

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119 - Insight and Method Historiography of Hamzeh Esfahani In the Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia
Zekrollah Mohammadi Pourya Esmaeili

This article examines the historiography style of Hamzeh Esfahani, the historian of thefourth century AH. His book is Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia, which was writtento Arabic in 350 AH. There are ten episodes that have been dedicated in several chapterto the histo More

This article examines the historiography style of Hamzeh Esfahani, the historian of thefourth century AH. His book is Sanni al-Muluk and al-arz al-Anbia, which was writtento Arabic in 350 AH. There are ten episodes that have been dedicated in several chapterto the history of the kings of Iran, Rome, Greece, the Copts, the Israelites, the Qassani,and Quraysh. The author was heavily patriotic and influenced by Shubia movement,which is very clear in the content of the book. This question arises, what was the basis ofthe insight and method of historiography of Hamzeh Esfahani? The hypothesis is asfollows, his vision is universal and is based on divine appreciation, because it deals withthe history of the various tribes according to divine providence and his methodology isbased on the historiography of the dynasties, which is based on the tradition of Iranianhistoriography. This article with use the method of historical research is based on thedescription and analize, examines the dimensions and angles of the subject gives. Themain findings of the research show, which Hamzeh Esfahani, influenced by SassanidPahlavi texts such as, Xvatai-Namag, as well as with awareness of governments, tribesand various religions, named as the book History of the Prophets and the Kings, So thisway Link and matched between the two and with a clever to draw the attention of thepeople to his book, which is interesting in this regard. Manuscript profile

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120 - رابطه بین ارزش های محیطی و خلاقیت سبز با نقش تعدیلی شیوه های منابع انسانی سبز
مریم صفری

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121 - Investigation and Analysis of Information of "manner", "path" and "motion" in Mazandarani Language Based on Cognitive Linguistics
Zahra gholzadeh geravi Zahra Babasalari Saeed Yazdani Mohammad Hossein Sharaf Zadeh

10.30495/irll.2021.1925594.1427

The purpose of this research is cognitive study of patterns and the dominant one for distributing information about the manner, path, and motion in Mazandarani language. Through interviews and conversations with 15 native speakers over 50 years old. The data were collec More

The purpose of this research is cognitive study of patterns and the dominant one for distributing information about the manner, path, and motion in Mazandarani language. Through interviews and conversations with 15 native speakers over 50 years old. The data were collected and recorded. In order to conduct interviews, efforts were made to focus on situations and contexts in which the possibility of a motion event occurring was high. The recorded speech data were then represented in writing. In analyzing the meaning of verbs, the focus was only on the explicit and physical meaning, and the metaphorical and implicit meanings were avoided. Then, based on Talamy criteria (2000b), data were analyzed. The results show that there are six patterns of lexicography in Mazandarani language. The other one is mentioned as it is not possible to determine the dominant pattern for the distribution of information about manner and path in the Mazandarani language since, in this language, motor verbs render this information into words to the same extent. Manuscript profile

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122 - Pathology of the Method of Examination of Reasons in Criminal Courts
mahdi pourreza farhad allahverdi mohammad nabipour

10.30495/jcld.2023.1984340.1061

Receive Date: 2023/04/20                    Revise Date: 2023/05/01                  &nbsp More

Receive Date: 2023/04/20                    Revise Date: 2023/05/01                   Accept Date:  2023/05/07 Article 166 of the Constitution: ‘the verdicts of courts should be documented and substantiated to the legal provisions and principles that according to that judgment is issued. The obligation of a judge to justify his decision is one of the crucial elements in accessing to justice and fairness. On one hand, the reasoned decisions enable higher authorities to effectively oversee the criminal judgments and on the other hand they contribute to increasing a sense of justice among addressees. Author in this article with aim of critical and pathological examination about method of dealing with reasons in criminal courts by means of using analytical descriptive method resulted that in order to achieve a fair trial, it is essential to pay attention to the reasons and issuing documented and reasoned decisions which prevents judicial tyranny and informs the litigants about the reasons for acception or rejection of their claims and evidence. Furthermore, the attainment of a fair trial necessitates the presence of expert and trained judges who can assess evidences based on their knowledge and expertise, leading to the issuance of reasoned decisions based on the legal evidences. Manuscript profile

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123 - Analysis of Common Rules in the Methods of Criticizing the Hadith of Muslims and the Methods of Dating the Hadiths of Orientalists
marjan shiri nosrat nilsaz

Hadith is considered by Muslims as one of the most important sources of religious teachings and rules of Sharia, and the validity of the Hadith means that it is correctly attributed to its main speaker, Muslims have examined the authenticity of the Hadiths, not determin More

Hadith is considered by Muslims as one of the most important sources of religious teachings and rules of Sharia, and the validity of the Hadith means that it is correctly attributed to its main speaker, Muslims have examined the authenticity of the Hadiths, not determined the date of their origin. However, correcting or falsifying a Hadith is implicitly related to the issue of time. Counting correctly means accepting the issuance at the time of main speaker, but there are two possibilities in ruling that the narration is fake: being made by a person at the time of the main speaker; Forgery at a later time. Western scholars consider Hadith as a historical source and the important issue for them is to determine the temporal and spatial origin of Hadiths, they have invented methods for this purpose that have evolved over time.This study with the view that what evidence of attention to the issue of time and geographical origin of the narrations in the methods of critique of Muslim Hadith can be found by analyzing a part of the Hadith heritage has concluded that some rules and points considered by scholars and Muslim narrators share the rules and points that orientalists have used in various ways of dating. Among these cases. examining the writings and different methods of a Hadith, paying attention to the common narrator. Manuscript profile

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124 - The Impact of WebQuest Learning on Students' Motivation for Progress, Self-Concept, and Self-Regulated Learning
seyede marziyeh moosavi bideleh Vahid Fallah sadraddin sattari azime motekalem Hasan Aslan zadeh

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of web-Quest learning on students' Achievement motivation, self-concept and self-regulation learning in English courses by using Quasi-experimental method. The statistical population included all 2805 students of g More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of web-Quest learning on students' Achievement motivation, self-concept and self-regulation learning in English courses by using Quasi-experimental method. The statistical population included all 2805 students of gorgan University Azad Islamic in the academic year 2018-2019. A randomized stratified Sampling method was used to select 25 individuals in control group (tradition) and 25 in Experimental group (Web-Quest). In this study, both experimental and control groups were tested Pr-test, then the experimental variable (web-Quest learning) was run for the experimental group. Then, the post-test was performed from both groups. The required data was collected using field And library methods. The data gathering tool was Hermann's motivation questionnaire, Raj Kamsaratsot Self-concept Test and Buffer's Self-Regulatory Learning Questionnaire, which it’s Validity has been confirmed by the professors and experts. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics and covariance analysis.Therefore, we conclude that web-Quest learning has a positive effect on achievement motivation, self-concept and self-regulation learning in English courses at students of gorgan University . Manuscript profile

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125 - The Effective Factors on not Using Teaching Aids in the Process of Teaching and Learning from Teachers’ Point of View in Mazandaran Province
Sadraddin Sattari AbdolReza Jafarnejad

The purpose of this research was to study the teachers’ point of view on the effective factors on not using teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning in high schools in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive-survey and the populat More

The purpose of this research was to study the teachers’ point of view on the effective factors on not using teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning in high schools in Mazandaran province. The method of the study was descriptive-survey and the population was all teachers at high schools with more than two years service life. Out of the whole statistical population, 360 were selected randomly as sample, based on the Morgan table. The data collection was done through a researcher made questionnaire. In analysis of the collected data, the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results showed that several factors were effective on not using of teaching aids in the process of teaching and learning, including: negative attitude of teachers toward teaching aids, shortage and non availability of such aids, the crowding of students in each class, not mastery of teachers in using teaching aids, and inefficiency in way of school management. Manuscript profile

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126 - Comparing the Effect of English Language Teaching by Instructional Softwares and Classical Method on Students Academic Achievement
Gholam Hossein Heidari Yasaman Modanloo Marzieh Niazazari Abdullah Jafari Galocheh

The purpose of the research was to compare the effect of teaching english through instructional softwares to teaching it through classical methods on students academic achievement. The research had an applied aim and its method was quasi-experimental. Statistical popula More

The purpose of the research was to compare the effect of teaching english through instructional softwares to teaching it through classical methods on students academic achievement. The research had an applied aim and its method was quasi-experimental. Statistical population included all the male students of secondary schools of Sari, district-one consisting 934 students and 479 of whom were selected by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire with an adequate reliability (a = 0/86) was used for gathering data. The gathered data were analyzed by single-group t test, two dependent groups t test and two independent group t test. The results revealed that not only using instructional softwares were effective on students academic achievement but its' effect on students academic achievement was more than classical methods as well. Teaching english through instructional softwares highly motivated the students toward language learning. Manuscript profile

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127 - اثرات زیستی اسانس اکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus globulus) روی شپشه آرد Tribolium confusum
فریبا باقری محمود محمدی شریف علیرضا هادی‌زاده بهنام امیری بشلی

مقدمه و هدف: کاربرد اسانس‌های گیاهی به عنوان عواملی امن و موثر برای مبارزه با آفات انباری توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. در تحقیق حاضر اثرات زیستی اسانس اکالیپتوس  E. globulus روی شپشه آرد، یکی از حشرات آفت محصولات انباری، برآورد گردید. روش تحقیق: در این پژوهش More

مقدمه و هدف: کاربرد اسانس‌های گیاهی به عنوان عواملی امن و موثر برای مبارزه با آفات انباری توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. در تحقیق حاضر اثرات زیستی اسانس اکالیپتوس  E. globulus روی شپشه آرد، یکی از حشرات آفت محصولات انباری، برآورد گردید. روش تحقیق: در این پژوهش اثرات تماسی، تدخینی و دورکنندگی اسانس اکالیپتوس روی شپشه آرد T. confusum مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اثر تماسی به دو شیوه قطره گذاری و آغشته نمودن سطوح کاغذ صافی آزمایش گردید. قطره گذاری با دستگاه میکرواپلیکاتور و قرار دادن یک مایکرولیتر از غلظتهای مختلف اسانس روی قفس سینه حشرات کامل انجام شد. برای آزمایش اثر تدخینی از ظروف استوانه‌ای شیشه‌ای با حجم ml 40 استفاده شد. اثر دور کنندگی اسانس از طریق مقایسه میزان استقرار حشرات کامل در دو سطح تیمار شده و تیمار نشده مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. بر مبنای تجزیه پروبیت داده‌ها، LC50 اسانس اکالیپتوس در روش قطره‌گذاری µl/I 22/0 برآورد شد. نتایج و بحث: مقایسه نتایج بهدست آمده از سه غلظت مورد استفاده در دو سری آزمایش تیمار سطوح نشان داد که این شیوه روش مناسبی برای برآورد اثر تماسی نیست چرا که مرگ و میر مشاهده شده بیشتر ناشی از اثر تدخینی است تا تماسی. پس از کسر کردن اثر تدخینی، مرگ و میر ناشی از اثر تماسی برای سه غلظت 35/0، 7/0 و cm2/µl 41/1 بهترتیب برابر بود با 44/19، 7/16 و 18 درصد. قابلیت تأثیر تدخینی اسانس بر مبنای LC50،µl 4/23 بر لیتر هوا برآورد گردید. میانگین درصد دور کنندگی اسانس اکالیپتوس بر اساس نتایج بهدست آمده از چهار غلظت 93/0، 62/0، 31/0 و cm2/µl 1/0 حدود 2/83 درصد برآورد گردید که جزو گروه V (1/80 تا 100 درصد دورکنندگی) از گروه‌های پنج گانه قرار می‌گیرد.  توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: محدودیت و ممنوعیت کاربرد ترکیبات شیمیایی تدخینی، نیاز به آفتکش‌های جایگزین مناسب را ملموس‌تر نموده است. کمیت قابل توجه اسانس اکالیپتوس، بی‌ضرر بودن آن برای سیستم‌های زیستی و کارآیی مناسب آن روی آفات انباری، عواملی هستند که این ترکیبات گیاهی را به عنوان جایگزین مناسب ترکیبات شیمیایی پرخطر مطرح نموده‌اند. Manuscript profile

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128 - شناسایی راهبردهای بومی محیطی یادگیری خود تنظیمی در آموزش و پرورش استان تهران
زهرا تفرجی گیلاوندانی امینه احمدی قدسی احقر

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129 - بررسی تطبیقی مسکن بومی در گیلان و مازندران با تکیه بر عوامل جغرافیای انسانی
حسنا ورمقانی حسین سلطان‌زاده مزین دهباشی شریف

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130 - Preaching Methods in Asrar-AL-towhid
maryam Jafarzadeh Reza Roohani

Preaching is conveying a message to another through communication in order to change his vision and behavior. It is considered as a persuasive communication using to influence on people. Abu Sa'id Abi al-Khair, one of the prominent mistics, is familiar with and believes More

Preaching is conveying a message to another through communication in order to change his vision and behavior. It is considered as a persuasive communication using to influence on people. Abu Sa'id Abi al-Khair, one of the prominent mistics, is familiar with and believes in the principles of propaganda and correcting one's bad deeds is one of his main concerns. The methods of preaching in Abi al-khair's Asrar-al-towhid is studied in this paper through a descriptive-analytical approach. Based on the results of this study, Bou sa'id has used preaching methods such as accompanying, negation and proof, model method, gradual method, argumentative, association of meanings, repetition, sudden design, and repartee to express his message. Considering the value of her message, what makes his method different from others is the outwits he uses in each of these methods of preaching. Abu Sa'id's influence on the audience's behavior is reflected in the changes occurred in his audience's inner states and the emotional and belief changes they were going through aftermath.   Manuscript profile

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131 - .
rooyintan farahmand Lida Sabahi Goraghani

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132 - .
AFSANEH SAADATI

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133 - .
bagher saroukhani sohiela naseri

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134 - .
بیژن خواجه نوری صادق پناهی نسب صدیقه جهانبازیان اسماعیل دامیار

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135 - .
حسین کریمیان فائزه ناطقی محمد سیفی

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136 - The Mediating Role of Social Capital in the Impact of Knowledge-based Human Resource Management Practices System on Innovative Job Performance
Mahdi Khodaparast Mohammad Hadi Asgari Seyed rasool Toudar

10.30495/msds.2022.1953599.1045

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of social capital in the impact of knowledge-based human resource management practices on innovative job performance (Case study: West Mazandaran Electricity Offices). The research method is descriptive-corr More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of social capital in the impact of knowledge-based human resource management practices on innovative job performance (Case study: West Mazandaran Electricity Offices). The research method is descriptive-correlational in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 187 employees of western electricity departments of Mazandaran province, of which 124 people were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan table and stratified random sampling as the sample size of the study. The collection tools include the questionnaires of human resource management practices of Lapak and Snell (2002), Putnam Social Capital (1999) and the innovative job performance of Scott and Brass (1994). In order to analyze the data, the structural equation method of LISREL statistical software and SPSS statistical software were used. Findings showed that knowledge-based human resource management practices have a positive and significant effect on innovative job performance, and the social capital component has the greatest impact on innovative job performance. The results showed that social capital has increasingly mediated the impact of knowledge-based human resource management practices on innovative job performance.      Manuscript profile

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137 - Evaluation of new technologies in storing and retrieving information at IRIB's video archiving system based in Tehran
Ghanbar ahmadi Akbar Jokar

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate new technologies in storing and retrieving information at IRIB's video archiving system through examining the current and ongoing situation. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study using More

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate new technologies in storing and retrieving information at IRIB's video archiving system through examining the current and ongoing situation. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study using a survey method which completed in December 2020. The statistical population of this study included 120 employees and specialists, working in 20 archive centers Department of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, IRIB, with degrees in fields including library and information sciences. Census sampling was performed. In this study, because the whole population was targeted, the census method was used. The data collection tool of this research was a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of information measurement tools were confirmed by the professors of information science and statistical analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.92 all based on results by software (SPSS) version 21. Data were analyzed in two sections including descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: The results of the research showed that the components of information storage, information retrieval, transfer and application of technology in these archiving systems with scores including 3.61, 3.81, 3.70, and 3.64 are at an appropriate level. Therefore, the role of new technologies in storing and retrieving information at the IRIB's archiving systems is evident.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the use of new information technologies in archives can be a tool to improve the speed, memory and high accuracy in providing, the possibility of cheap use of information from other archives and databases. By using technology in archives, by sharing resources, in addition to eliminating duplication and fragmented activities, it is possible to reduce the costs and ease of access to resources to increase the efficiency of archives and provide user satisfaction.  Manuscript profile

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138 - The Study Measure Acquaintance and Used Students Graduate of the Veterinary Medicine College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, of Vancouver Style in citation of the proposal writing
zahra rezazadeh

Objective: The main objective of this study was to measure the level of acquaintance and usage of Vancouver style in codifying proposals among graduate students of Veterinary Medicine at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Additionally, it aimed to measure their level of ac More

Objective: The main objective of this study was to measure the level of acquaintance and usage of Vancouver style in codifying proposals among graduate students of Veterinary Medicine at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Additionally, it aimed to measure their level of acquaintance and usage in different disciplines such as basic sciences, pathobiology, clinical sciences, health, and food.Methodology: This was an applied survey study, where data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire based on a literature review and the Kahn Proposal Assessment Checklist. The sample consisted of 265 postgraduate and PhD students from the Veterinary Medicine college who were selected using non-proportional stratified sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: There is a significant difference between the degree of familiarity of graduate students with the elements related to the formulation of the proposal of the Vancouver style in different academic trends of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Basic Sciences, Pathobiology, Clinical Sciences, Food and Aquatic Health). There is a significant difference related to the compilation of the proposal of the Vancouver style book in the master's degree / general doctorate and specialized doctorate. There is a significant difference between graduate students' use of the elements related to the proposal development of the Vancouver Vancouver style in different academic disciplines (Basic Sciences, Pathobiology, Clinical Sciences, Food and Aquatic Health). According to Vancouver's style s, there is a significant difference between master's degree / Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Ph.D.Conclusion: Postgraduate students should use the elements of the Vancouver style, but their average score indicates that they did not have a favorable situation in using the elements of the Vancouver style. The results of this research can lead to the awareness of scientific groups and library about the quality level of theses in terms of scientific writing.  Manuscript profile

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139 - Improving the semantic description of digital archive objects using descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model
Mohammad Hassan Azimi faeze sadat tabatabai amiri

Objective: The aim is to study the application of descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model in improving the semantic description of digital archive objects. Methodology: Using the descriptive-analytical method, the research compared the elements of two More

Objective: The aim is to study the application of descriptive metadata elements of the RiC conceptual model in improving the semantic description of digital archive objects. Methodology: Using the descriptive-analytical method, the research compared the elements of two archival description metadata schemes (encrypted archival description standard (AED) and international general archival description standard (ISAD). The mentioned plans were obtained from the website of the Library of Congress. and a table of comparative elements was prepared in Excel. In addition, descriptive metadata elements in the descriptive information of the RiC model, which takes into account the basic principles of organizing and describing the meaning of archival materials, were extracted and translated from its manuscript. Results: RiC-CM, at the same time, combines the descriptive entities provided by the International Council of Archives (ICA) and differentiates between them. Individuals should be described is not the same as the way a set of records should be described. Brick-based ISAD is a "multi-level" model and provides "multi-level description", as the description of archival entities is hierarchical in nature and often comes in multiple levels. RiC-CM has designed a "multi-dimensional description" and instead of a "multi-level" description in the form of a hierarchy, the description may be in the form of a diagram or a network. Therefore, in addition to describing archival entities, it considers entities in a wider context in relation to other entities; and improves the semantic description of digital archive objects. Conclusion: The target audience of the RiC conceptual model is the archival community, and its purpose is to provide the principles and methods of describing archives and by modifying the method of describing archival objects in the ISAD (G) standard, it enables archivists to correct and improve the description of records in digital archives. In addition, beyond the descriptive standards The current IKA moves both structurally and conceptually. Manuscript profile

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140 - Study and Measurement of the amount of awareness of architecture students of Islamic Azad University-Mashhad Branch about reading different techniques
Mohsen Tabasi

Objective: effective reading is one of the characteristics of scientific developments of thecountry. the role of the university students is inevitable in this development. The presentresearch, studies the amount of awareness of the architecture students of the IAU of Ma More

Objective: effective reading is one of the characteristics of scientific developments of thecountry. the role of the university students is inevitable in this development. The presentresearch, studies the amount of awareness of the architecture students of the IAU of Mashhad ofdifferent reading techniques according to their gender and academic grade.Methodology: the research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population includes thewhole 1657 architecture students of first semester of 1389-90 in both stages of, undergraduatestudents and graduate students.Finding: They show that the graduate students have more awareness in comparison with theundergraduates regarding reading techniques. Also in most reading techniques, there aremeaningful significances among students based on their gender.Conclusion: The results show that unfortunately the amount of the awareness of the students isvery weak and it can be one of the results of their drop of learning quality. However paying moreattention to the guidelines of the reading techniques in their curricula can make an improvementin this regard. Manuscript profile

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141 - تأثیر فرهنگ اقوام ایرانی بر مدل سبک زندگی ایرانی ـ اسلامی
محمد اسماعیلی جوشقانی

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142 - بررسی اثرات شیوه ی پسامتد بر هیجانات تحصیلی ، خودکارامدی تحصیلی، پیشرفت تحصیلی وعزت نفس فراگیران دوره دوم متوسطه پایه دوازدهم شهر زاهدان از منظر تئوری پویا
Yalda Hooman رضا رضوانی Shahram Afraz

10.30495/ttlt.2021.683486

هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثرات  شیوه ی پسامتد بر هیجانات تحصیلی ، خودکارامدی تحصیلی، پیشرفت تحصیلی وعزت نفس فراگیران دوره دوم متوسطه پایه دوازدهم بوده است. 120 دانش آموز دختر  پایه دوازدهم دوره دوم متوسطه شهر زاهدان مرکز استان سیستان وبلوچستان به صورت تصاد More

هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی اثرات  شیوه ی پسامتد بر هیجانات تحصیلی ، خودکارامدی تحصیلی، پیشرفت تحصیلی وعزت نفس فراگیران دوره دوم متوسطه پایه دوازدهم بوده است. 120 دانش آموز دختر  پایه دوازدهم دوره دوم متوسطه شهر زاهدان مرکز استان سیستان وبلوچستان به صورت تصادفی انتخاب وبه دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش تقسیم شدند ودر هر گروه 60 فراگیر قرار گرفتند پیشرفت تحصیلی آنها ازطریق  پیش آزمون اندازه گیری شد. سپس آزمون های  خودکارآمدی مورگان 1999، هیجانات تحصیلی پکران2005،واعتماد به نفس روزنبرگ (1965)اجراشد.گروه کنترل آموزشش سنتی را دریافت کردوگروه آزمایش شیوه نوین آموزشی را در طول سال دریافت کردند.در پایان آموزش ، شرکت ککنده هر دو گروه مجدد در پس ازمون سنجیده شدند . نتایج نهایی براساس آزمون ثانویه  ارزیابی شد . اطلاعات بدست آمده بر اساس نسخهSPSS22 به دو صورت استنباطی و توصیفی تحلیل وبررسی شد.نتایج بیانگر تاثیر شیوه پسامتد ونقش آن در آموزش و در افزایش پیشرفت تحصیلی ،خودکارآمدی،وهیجانات تحصیلی بود،واعتماد به نفس فراگیران بود  . Manuscript profile

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143 - Religious Songs and Mystical Songs: A Comparison from the Perspective of Performance
mohammadamin mohammadpour Aliasghar Babasafari Gholamreza Sotodeh

10.30495/mmlq.2021.683647

By studying the ancient and folk roots of religious and mystical songs, we can find the oldest Persian poems in these songs. In the present article, by using analytical-descriptive method, we compare religious songs with mystical ones from the perspective of performance More

By studying the ancient and folk roots of religious and mystical songs, we can find the oldest Persian poems in these songs. In the present article, by using analytical-descriptive method, we compare religious songs with mystical ones from the perspective of performance. One of the most important issues regarding the composition and performance of these songs is the precise identification of the fields of religious and mystical songs. Thus, the form, language and content of the songs are described and analyzed.  The research findings show that religious and mystical themes, as two different areas, have formed the main theme of the songs; the content and performance of the songs show the difference between the two themes, and the songwriters were aware, from the beginning, of the difference between the two fields of thought, mysticism and religion. The composers and performers of religious songs are darāvish, chāvosh-khānān, tazieh-khānān and noha-khānān. The creators and performers of mystical songs are called āshiq, suz-khān, beit-khan and tasnif-khān.  The tone of these songs is sincere and the music is mostly based on the lyrics. Manuscript profile

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144 - Citation style for scientific text(part 1)
Zohreh Majdabadi Farahani

In order for the scientists and the academia to be able to communicate the research findings in a scientific, reliable, and consistent way, and in order to avoid plagiarism, a number of scientific guides for writing are published throughout the world. Among them, th More

In order for the scientists and the academia to be able to communicate the research findings in a scientific, reliable, and consistent way, and in order to avoid plagiarism, a number of scientific guides for writing are published throughout the world. Among them, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, as one of the most commonly used guides, suggests a specific style for reference citations in texts and reference lists at the end of the texts. In this article the most common types of reference citations used in research articles are introduced. Finally we discuss the need for developing a guide for scientific style of writing in Farsi (i.e., Persian language)     Manuscript profile

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145 - Social phobia,parenting styles,and perfectionism
Shabnam Bitaraf Mohammad R. Shaeeri Mansour Hakim Javadi

This research explored the role of perfectionism and parenting styles in explaining students’ social phobia. A sample of 396 students (215 females and 181 males) from GuilanUniversity responded to Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (1973), Frost Multi More

This research explored the role of perfectionism and parenting styles in explaining students’ social phobia. A sample of 396 students (215 females and 181 males) from GuilanUniversity responded to Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (1973), Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990), and the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor, Davidson, Churchill et al., 2000). The findings based on Pearson correlation showed that social phobia was positively correlated with authoritarian parenting styleand with two dimensions of perfectionism including “concern over mistakes” and “doubt about actions". Social phobia was negatively correlated with authoritative parenting style and parental expectations (a dimension of perfectionism). Implications are discussed in terms of interactions of parenting educational consequences and parents' personality characteristics on children's mental health.     Manuscript profile

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146 - The Mediating Role of Mental Toughness in the Relationship between Parenting Styles and Flourishing
Amirabbas Fatehi Dehaghani Farideh Yousefi

he aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between of parentingstyles and flourishing. Three hundred and fifty five MA students were selected from Shiraz University by randommultistage cluster sampling. The partici More

he aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness in the relationship between of parentingstyles and flourishing. Three hundred and fifty five MA students were selected from Shiraz University by randommultistage cluster sampling. The participants completed the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991), the Mental ToughnessQuestionnaire (Clough et al., 2002), and the Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010). The results of structural equation modeling usingAMOS software indicated that the relation of authoritarian parenting style to flourishing was positive and significant. The relationshipbetween authoritative parenting style and mental toughness was positive and significant, and the relation of permissive parentingstyle to mental toughness was negative and significant. Authoritarian parenting style had direct relation on flourishing andauthoritative parenting style and permissive parenting style had indirect relation on flourishing through mental toughness. Theimplications of the findings were discussed in terms of their applications to parents and promoting flourishing in individuals. Manuscript profile

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147 - The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training with Parents on Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Children
Leila Shirjang AmirHoshang Mahriar Hojatoallah Javidi Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brackley’s parent training program on reducing symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder among children of the Shiraz city. The present study was a semi-experimental research and a pretest-po More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brackley’s parent training program on reducing symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder among children of the Shiraz city. The present study was a semi-experimental research and a pretest-posttest design with control group was applied. The statistical population consisted of 20 children aged 7 to 12 years who were referred to the counseling center of the Fars province education department due to behavioral problems, had oppositional defiant disorder symptoms based on clinical interview and Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4; Gadow & Sprafki, 1994), and assigned to experimental (10 subjects) and control (10 persons) groups through convenience sampling. The experimental group mothers were trained according to Barclay’s protocol for 8 sessions. The follow-up phase was performed two months after the intervention. Based on covariance analysis, Brackley’s parent training program has a significant effect on reducing the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. Also, the follow-up phase findings indicated that Brackley’s parent training was effective in controlling the symptoms of children’s oppositional defiant disorder. The results of this study indicate that, the intensity of oppositional defiant disorder in children can be reduced by teaching social skills to their parents. Manuscript profile

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148 - Citation style for scientific text(part 2)
Zohreh Majdabadi Farahani

In order for the scientists and the academia to be able to communicate the research findings in a scientific, reliable, and consistent way, and in order to avoid plagiarism, a number of scientific guides for writing are published throughout the world. Among them, the Pu More

In order for the scientists and the academia to be able to communicate the research findings in a scientific, reliable, and consistent way, and in order to avoid plagiarism, a number of scientific guides for writing are published throughout the world. Among them, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, as one of the most commonly used guides, suggests a specific style for reference citations in texts and reference lists at the end of the texts. In this article the most common types of coming reference in research articles are introduced. Finally we discuss the need for developing a guide for scientific style of writing in Farsi (i.e., Persian language). Manuscript profile

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149 - Parenting Styles and Aggression: The Mediating Role of Problem-Solving Styles
Parisa Mohammadi Mahboobeh Fouladchang

the aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of problem-solving styles in the relationship between parenting styles and aggression. Three hundred students (152 girls, 148 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling from Marvdasht high schools. The p More

the aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of problem-solving styles in the relationship between parenting styles and aggression. Three hundred students (152 girls, 148 boys) were selected using multistage cluster sampling from Marvdasht high schools. The participants completed the Alabama΄s Parenting Styles (Frick, 1991), the Problem-Solving Styles (Cassidy & Long, 1996), and the Aggression Questionnaires (Buss & Perry, 1996). The results of path analysis indicated that punishment style significantly related to constructive and non-constructive problem-solving styles. Father΄s cooperation was related to constructive problem-solving style. Non-constructive problem-solving style was significantly related to aggression. Non-constructive problem-solving style mediated partially the relationship between punishment style and aggression. Research findings had theoretical and practical applications. The findings suggested reinforcing constructive problem-solving styles and appropriate parenting styles are related to lower aggression in students. Manuscript profile

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150 - settling to sleep strategies and sleeping problems among 1-2 year old infants
Elhame Mohsenian Zahra Tabibi Ali Mashhadi

the present study aimed to examine the relationship between sleeping problems and five type of settling to sleep strategies in 1-2 year old infants. One hundred eighty mothers with infants ages between one and two years from three health-centers located in district 9 of More

the present study aimed to examine the relationship between sleeping problems and five type of settling to sleep strategies in 1-2 year old infants. One hundred eighty mothers with infants ages between one and two years from three health-centers located in district 9 of city of Mashhad, Iran participated in the study. The participants completed the Infant Sleep Questionnaire (Morrell, 1999) and the Parental Interactive Bedtime Behavior Questionnaire (Morrell & Cortina-Borja, 2002). The results indicated that 1-2 year old infants’ sleeping problems significantly correlated with total score of settling to sleep strategies and two types of settling to sleep strategies (active and passive physical comforting). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that active and passive physical comforting strategies were significant predictors of infants'sleep problems. Active physical comforting unlike passive physical comforting strategy was significant predictor for infants'sleep problems by itself. The findings emphasized identifying unsuitable settling to sleep strategies and prevention of using them in infants.       Manuscript profile

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151 - تجلیل و تجلید
سارا مصلحی

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152 - شیوه های پولی جبران خسارت قراردادی در حقوق ایران، امارات و کنوانسیون بیع بین المللی کالا
منصور شکیبا پژمان محمدی سیاوش شجاع پوریان

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153 - اصول حاکم بر ارزیابی خسارات ناشی از نقض قرارداد در کنوانسیون بیع المللی کالا با مطالعه تطبیقی در حقوق ایران
علی آقایاری مسعود رضا رنجبر

10.30495/alr.2020.678238

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154 - شیوه‌های جایگزین حل و فصل اختلافات در ورزش
جلیل مالکی یعقوب کدخدایی

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155 - نگاهی به برخی علل و عوامل قانون گریزی در دوره مشروطه
طهمورث شیری

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156 - شناسایی شیوه‌های تأمین مالی شرکت‌های تعاونی استان ایلام )با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی تعدیل شده(
کرمرضا رستمی اردشیر شیری علی یاسینی اسفندیار محمدی

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157 - Fighting methods in the field of political competitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran (case study: the period of reformists and fundamentalists)
علی جان مرادی جو

 Social forces are one of the most important ways to influence the process of political competition. Among the social forces, reformists and fundamentalists manage this influence through organizing these forces and by influencing the institutionalization of politic More

 Social forces are one of the most important ways to influence the process of political competition. Among the social forces, reformists and fundamentalists manage this influence through organizing these forces and by influencing the institutionalization of political participation through political parties and institutions and on the other hand, managing the activities of political organizations plays a role in the qualitative growth of political participation. They play a role. This process will eventually lead to political competition in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article has been written with the aim of explaining the central slogan and methods of struggle in the field of political contests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive-analytical study that has been used to collect information from library and documentary methods. In total, the results of the research show that the most important methods of reformists in political competitions are to use the press, to get the support of artists, writers, intellectuals and experts, to use the movements of women, students and youth, and the most important methods of fundamentalists in political competitions are to rely on mandatory votes. Use of religious boards and national media and white beard method to reach consensus. Manuscript profile

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158 - مقایسه شیوه‌های فرزند پروری والدین و شاخص‌های هیجانی
پریسا تجلّی غلامعلی افروز باقر غباری بناب

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159 - Internet addiction and some of its demographic correlates in Tehran students
Ramin Alavinejad Shirin Kooshki Anita Baqdasariyans Fatemeh Golshani

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating some demographic correlates of Internet addiction. The research population was all undergraduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year 1997-1998. The sample of this research inclu More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating some demographic correlates of Internet addiction. The research population was all undergraduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year 1997-1998. The sample of this research included 800 students aged 18 to 24 who were selected by multi-stage cluster method. Data collection was done using demographic information questionnaire and Internet addiction questionnaire by Yang (1998). Among the studied demographic variables of the field of study, marital status, employment status, parenting methods and the topic of Internet consumption showed a significant difference between normal and problematic Internet users (p ˂ 005). Users who reported their parents as authoritarian or neglectful were significantly more in the group of problematic Internet users (p ˂ 0.1). In general, it seems that the relationship between students' demographic information and Internet addiction can have important implications. Some of these demographic characteristics can be considered in future research in terms of predicting and finding the cause of abnormal behaviors such as Internet addiction. Manuscript profile

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160 - رابطه بین سبک های اسناد و ادراک دانش آموزان از شیوه های فرزندپروری والدین با پیشرفت تحصیلی آنها
ناهیده درستکار محمد جعفر جوادی مژگان سپاه منصور

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161 - The effect of traditional education approaches and big data method on academic achievement of accounting students
Mohammad Namazi Zohre Raiessi

10.30495/faar.2023.707964

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different teaching methods on the academic achievement of accounting students in order to determine the most effective teaching method experimentally and thus can improve academic achievement among accoun More

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different teaching methods on the academic achievement of accounting students in order to determine the most effective teaching method experimentally and thus can improve academic achievement among accounting students. In this regard, using the traditional approach as well as new educational approaches, including the big data approach and comparing them with each other, their effect on students' academic achievement was examined. The population of this study includes all accounting students who were studying at the undergraduate level of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz in the academic year 1399-1398 and the study sample includes 247 students. In this research, using laboratory method and pre-test-post-test design, two experimental groups with traditional approaches and big data participated in Advanced Accounting 2, Cost Accounting 2 and Auditing 1. For each lesson, a group was considered as a control group. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling, Mann-Whitney nonparametric test and hierarchical regression. Findings showed that both big data teaching methods and traditional teaching methods have a significant positive effect on students' academic achievement. Also, the research findings showed that the effect of big data method education on the academic achievement of accounting students is more than traditional method education. The research results emphasize the need for big data method education in the accounting education program at the undergraduate level to increase students' knowledge. Findings also showed that the effect of traditional education and big data on academic achievement of accounting students in advanced Accounting 2, Cost Accounting 2 and Auditing 1, by controlling the variables of gender and grade point average of students has been positive and increased. Manuscript profile

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162 - بررسی رابطه بین سبک وشیوه زندگی با فرهنگ مصرف و مصرف گرایی
hormoz mohamadpurlima dr.alireza pursheykhian roghayeh azimi khanghah

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163 - Design a Risk Allocation Model for Construction Projects (EPC) for investment asset in public sector. (Case study: Guilan water and sewage industry).
bahman rasouli sina kheradyar bahman banimahd

Construction projects in Guilan Water and sewerage has high levels of risk due to their complex and dynamic environment. There are no suitable risk allocation models for Guilan construction industry based on article 23 processing budget and planning law 1352 clause abou More

Construction projects in Guilan Water and sewerage has high levels of risk due to their complex and dynamic environment. There are no suitable risk allocation models for Guilan construction industry based on article 23 processing budget and planning law 1352 clause about (EPC).There is the cost of project and plan for design risk allocation model. This work endeavors to propose and apply a Risk Allocation Model (RAM), based on a simple mechanism for allocating critical risks to the responsible party in the project. In addition, the RAM aims to compare among projects, which is more risky. The construction of RAM is based on Delphi method for 41 risk factors, over 10 groups, are identified and used in the model development. All factors are analyzed and weighted by deploying Weighted Risk Factor (WRF) which combines the effect of a risk factor probability and its effect on time and cost. The model results identified the most important risk factors to be allocated to owner, contractor or shared between them, as well as the suitable risk action for each factor. The model is applied on a real case study through two construction projects in Guilan to test the validation. A complete comparison between the two projects is presented and a decision is introduced for contractor. The results emphasized that the model is easy to understand and use by the parties involved in construction projects. Further, it is flexibility in the event of variables.   Manuscript profile

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164 - The Effect of Ethics and Tenure on the Auditor's Ability to Recognize Accounting Practices
hasan hemati elham bayat Majid Moradi

10.30495/jdaa.2023.707960

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate Effect of Auditor Ethics and Audit Tenure on Auditor Ability to Detect Creative Accounting Practices. The general research method used in this research is descriptive-correlational survey and according to the purpose More

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate Effect of Auditor Ethics and Audit Tenure on Auditor Ability to Detect Creative Accounting Practices. The general research method used in this research is descriptive-correlational survey and according to the purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the components of auditors' ethics and the auditor's tenure on the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative. And how to conduct a survey research method using the independent and standard questionnaire of Fullerton and Dotschi (2004), for the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative, the standard questionnaire Armga Zarfar (2016) can be used for professional ethics. The results of testing the first hypothesis showed that the auditor's ethics has a positive and significant effect on the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative to identify accounting methods. The size of the auditing firm has a positive and significant effect on the Auditor Ability to Detect Creative Accounting Practices. Manuscript profile

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165 - The effects of tillage system and plant density on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) varieties in north of Iran
Azam Partokazemi Babak Delkhoosh Msoud Mohseni

In order to investigate the effect of tillage system and plant density on grain yield component in three varieties of corn, an experimental design was a split factorial based on RCBD treatments arrangement with four replication in north of Iran in 2009. Tillage system w More

In order to investigate the effect of tillage system and plant density on grain yield component in three varieties of corn, an experimental design was a split factorial based on RCBD treatments arrangement with four replication in north of Iran in 2009. Tillage system was selected as the main plot in three levels, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT). Other factors were plant density in three levels (65, 75and 85 plant/ha) and three varieties of corn (L.cv.sc 500, L.cv.sc 540 and L.cv.dc 370). The results indicated that different tillage systems on root dry weight at harvest, seed length were significant (p<0.05)  but plant density on number grain in row, root dry weight, stem diameter, grain yield in the 1% level were significant (p<0.01). Also plant density on high plant was significant (p<0.05). Effect of varieties on grain yield was significant (p<0.05). Maximum grain yield 6.41 t/ha in SC540 and at least grain yield 3.53 t/ha in DC 370 were obtained.   Manuscript profile

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166 - The Pathology of the Application of Eloquence in the Child's Poetry ( in the decades of 70 to 90 )
Afsaneh Moosavi Garmaroodi Ahmad Khatami Maryam Jalali

Abstract         This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the freq More

Abstract         This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the frequency and abundance of the usage of rhetorics have been posed and later its correct and incorrect methods have been offered. We have also presented samples of current eloquent problems in the child poetry together with its most frequent applications; then we've compared suitable and unsuitable patterns in it. Based on this research, the method and application of types and eloquence science, with regarding to the vocabulary and the child's understanding and what interferes the frequency of the poem have been dealt with. The basis of this research is on the eloquence theories and fundamentals which have been written in the elementary research. The library method of this paper is on its statistical society and its consequences and the results attained are of the rare researches in this domain and offers the procedures for the use of the poets in composing the child poems. Manuscript profile

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167 - Criticizing and Studying the Structure of Indelible Songs in Modern Folkloric Literature
Mohammad Amin Mohammad Pour Ali Asghar Babasafari Gholamreza Setudeh

Abstract         Persian ballad and music are of the outstanding elements which form folkloric literature and contemporary culture. Regarding the extension of the addressee, the songs have undeniable effect on the minds and literary k More

Abstract         Persian ballad and music are of the outstanding elements which form folkloric literature and contemporary culture. Regarding the extension of the addressee, the songs have undeniable effect on the minds and literary knowledge of common people. This essay has been written to reveal the traits constituting today's song and expounding the cause of its indelibility together with the main resources. The collection method of the data is attributive and bibliographic and the instrument to do it is through microfiche processing. The subject matter of the research has been studied in descriptive-analytic which was done by studying the written songs, and their characteristics have been categorized simultaneously. The findings of the research indicate that the song and the music and the quality of the pitches of the voice and the time of broadcast are of the components of today's song. The most fundamental part of the song is poetry, after that, it is the music , when this collection is put together, the pitches of the singer's voice together with the sex of the singer are discussed. Besides these, the character of the singer and the knowledge of the community from him/her plays role; and in the end, the method of broadcasting, even its time and presenting it to the society are of the influential factors in the song. Manuscript profile

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168 - تاثیر محبوبیت معلمان تربیت بدنی بر فرهنگ پذیری ورزشی دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه شهرستان بیرجند
داود مودی جعفر خوشبختی محمد کشتی دار

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169 - بررسی راهکارهای ایجاد انگیزش معلمان ابتدایی جهت استفاده از شیوه‌های نوین آموزش در فضای مجازی
فرانک موسوی کبری اویس

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170 - Application of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in International Economic Law
morteza karkhaneh Mohammadreza hosseini Mohammadali Solhchi haybatallah najandimanesh

Alternative Dispute Settlement (ADR) phrase is a common term that refers to peaceful and out-of-court dispute settlement. In this way, the parties to the dispute, instead of resorting to the courts, settle their claims by a third party or in a manner they consider appro More

Alternative Dispute Settlement (ADR) phrase is a common term that refers to peaceful and out-of-court dispute settlement. In this way, the parties to the dispute, instead of resorting to the courts, settle their claims by a third party or in a manner they consider appropriate. The most important kinds of this method are: arbitration, negotiation, mediation, conciliation, Amiable Composition, and combinatorial methods. On the other hand, international economic law covers a wide range of areas including financial and banking law, commerce and foreign investment law. The key question of this study is what is the notion of alternative methods? And how we can effective and efficiently the resolving disputes arising from economic law? This study uses a descriptive-analytical method and its results show that the origin of international economic disputes is mainly due to the interpretation or performance of commercial contracts and banking and financial agreements, disputes arising out of expropriation, or deny of services. Because of international economic law subjects are diverse and even include natural persons, disputes are very complex; the parties to the disputes are usually reluctant to refer disputes to state courts and judicial authorities, thus using alternative means to resolve their disputes. Manuscript profile

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171 - New Multi-National Companies and Developing South
Saeed Mirtorabi

The role of multi-national companies on global capitalization and trade is a familiar phenomenon for developing issues and knowledgeable ones and international trade experts. The positive and negative effects of these companies’ activities on the current of develo More

The role of multi-national companies on global capitalization and trade is a familiar phenomenon for developing issues and knowledgeable ones and international trade experts. The positive and negative effects of these companies’ activities on the current of developing in south have been focused by various intellectual ones and an extensive literature in this field has been produced. Nevertheless, has seen a new and growing kind of direct foreign investment that its origin is south countries and along this, a new kind of multi-national companies have been appeared that are named new multi-national companies. This paper is trying to examine the effects of these new players’ activities on the development view in south.  This paper shows that the new multi-national companies have significant differences to western multi-national companies and the rise and developing activity area of these companies, from different aspects, is considered a positive change on the current of developing south low-paid countries. The main claim of this paper that is presented as a hypothesis is the new multinational companies in total have positive impact on the opportunities of attracting foreign investment as a result developing in south countries for increasing the volume of foreign investments in the world, giving variety to the methods of interesting and having more cultural similarities to south countries.   Manuscript profile

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172 - Methods of compensation for spiritual damage caused by medical damage
Atfeh Niknejad alireza mazloom rahnie

Civil liability and compensation for moral damages are important issues that have always been considered by lawyers. Compensation for damages of a damaged person is an important principle which a legislator should paid special attention. The issue of beauty defects is o More

Civil liability and compensation for moral damages are important issues that have always been considered by lawyers. Compensation for damages of a damaged person is an important principle which a legislator should paid special attention. The issue of beauty defects is one of the important and common examples of moral damage in today's society. This means a person loses his/her appearance and beauty for various reasons, and this causes psychological damage and isolation. However, the difference in compensation for spiritual damage and the difficulty of its assessment causes inadequacies. To undertake this line of research, methods of compensation for moral damages have been addressed using the descriptive-analytical method. As a result, among the methods presented for compensation of the moral damages, the methods of restitutio in integrum, equivalent compensation, symbolic compensation, and punitive damages can be noted. The findings of the study reveal that the compensation methods in the Iranian legal system is inefficient. Therefore, attention has been proposed to the injured party in the method of compensation. It seems presenting a new methods can facilitate peace of mind for the damaged. Thus, one may achieve the main goal of damage compensation. Manuscript profile

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173 - The Relationship between Learning Style, Personality Traits, and Problem-Solving Styles
Mehrdad Akbari Abdollah Motamedi

Abstract: The present study investigated the relationship between learning style, personality traits, and problem-solving styles in state-run and private universities in Khouzestan Province. 300 students were selected through a multi-phase random method. Three questionn More

Abstract: The present study investigated the relationship between learning style, personality traits, and problem-solving styles in state-run and private universities in Khouzestan Province. 300 students were selected through a multi-phase random method. Three questionnaires, Kolb's list of learning styles, Neo's Personality Test (FFI-NEO), and Adolescent - Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (A-Cope) were administered. To examine the research hypotheses, MANOVA, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation were used. The results showed that there is not a significant difference between people with accommodating and converging styles regarding psychopathic behaviors. Also, there is a significant difference between students with converging and diverging learning styles, on the one hand, and those with assimilating and accommodating styles, on the other hand. Findings also indicated that there is a significant difference between problem-solving styles among students with accommodating and converging learning style. The ultimate result of the study showed a significant relationship between problem-solving styles and personality traits in the way that those with psychopathic behaviors use unhealthy ways of solving problems and those with diverging and assimilating styles use healthy ways to solve the problems. Manuscript profile

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174 - The Relationship among Management Methods, Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment, and job satisfaction of managers: A case study
Khadijeh Nadri Zahra Arab hanieh Badiee Jamal Ashoori

This research aimed to investigate the relationship among management methods, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment. and job satisfaction of managers. The statistical population includes all managers in high schools of Gharchak city. For this resea More

This research aimed to investigate the relationship among management methods, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment. and job satisfaction of managers. The statistical population includes all managers in high schools of Gharchak city. For this research 130 managers were selected through random sampling. All of them completed the multiple management methods questionnaire (Bass and Avolio, 1995), perceived organizational support questionnaire (Eisenberger et al, 1986), organizational commitment questionnaire (Allen & Meyer, 1997) and Herzberg’s job satisfaction questionnaires (Dant et al, 1966). The findings showed a positive and significant relationship among transformational management method, transactional management method, perceived organizational support, affective commitment, job satisfaction (p<0/01). Perceived organizational support, transactional management method and effective commitment in one predicted model predicted about 55 percent of variance of job satisfaction moreover, share of perceived organizational support in prediction job satisfaction was higher than other variables. The findings showed that perceived organizational support, transactional management method and effective commitment were the major predictors of job satisfaction. Therefore, higher managers, programmers, therapists and counselor are suggested to symptoms of mention variables and then to design programs for to consider the promote job satisfaction among managers Manuscript profile

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175 - Development and Validation of Parenting Style Questionnaire
Hassan P. Sharifi Mirsalahadine Enayati Parviz Asgari Golamreza Pasha Ali Zeinali Zeinali

Abstract: The purpose of this study was the development and validation of the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) new version by examining the factor structure, internal consistency in adolescent's sample. This study translated and validated the Buri's (1991) Parental A More

Abstract: The purpose of this study was the development and validation of the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) new version by examining the factor structure, internal consistency in adolescent's sample. This study translated and validated the Buri's (1991) Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and neglectful subscale of Shaffer's (2000) Parenting-Style Orientation Scale (P-SOS) among 14 to 19 year old Iranian adolescents attending school. A standard systematic translation procedure was followed to translate the questionnaires into Farsi. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure of the PAQ and neglectful subscale of P-SOS. The results showed the factor structure and reliability of internal consistency of the PSQ were suitable. The PSQ to have highly respectable measure of parental authority exercised by both mother and father and it is appropriate for both female and male adolescents and young adults in clinical, educational and research settings.  Manuscript profile

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176 - The Relationship between Learning Cognitive Approaches and Big Five Personality Factors with Critical Thinking Attitude of Students in Tabriz University
Khalil Soltanalgorraie Parvaneh Alaie

Abstract: This descriptive research was accomplished to study relationship between learning cognitive approaches and big five personality factors with critical thinking attitude of students. 345 undergraduate students of Tabriz University who were studying in the spring More

Abstract: This descriptive research was accomplished to study relationship between learning cognitive approaches and big five personality factors with critical thinking attitude of students. 345 undergraduate students of Tabriz University who were studying in the spring semester of 2009 were chosen by the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Kolb Learning Style Inventory, NEO-PI Inventory (60 item), California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory were administered. ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression statistical methods were used for analyzing data in SPSS 11.5 software. Abstract conceptualization cognitive approach (β=0.26) and three personality factors of Neuroticism (β=-0.74), Openness (β=1.03) and Conscientiousness (β=0.62) predicted 0.39 variance of critical thinking attitude (P<0.01). There were significant correlations between Extraversion (r=0.36), Openness (r=0.33), Conscientiousness (r=0.44), Agreeableness (r=0.30) and Neuroticism (r=-0.42) to critical thinking attitude (P<0.01). There were positive correlation between Neuroticism and concrete experience and reflective observation cognitive approaches (P<0.01, 0.05); This relationship was negative with active experimentation and abstract conceptualization cognitive approaches (P< 0.05). There was negative correlation between Extraversion and concrete experience (P<0.05); This relationship was positive with active experimentation approach (P< 0.01). There was negative correlation between Conscientiousness and reflective observation (p<0.05); This relationship was positive with active Experimentation (p<0.01). There was negative relation between Openness and active experimentation (P<0.05). Also, there was a relationship between learning styles and personality factors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness (P< 0.01, 0.05). Manuscript profile

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177 - Teens perception scale standardization of practices by parents, and compared the relationship between the girls and boys in Tehran
Narges Babakhani Elahe Hejaze moghani Hasan Pashasharifi

A questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared,

A questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared, Manuscript profile

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178 - Presenting a model of self-regulated learning strategies and its effect on problem-solving methods of high school students in Tehran
zahra tafaroji gilavandani Amineh Ahmadi ghidsi ahghar

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify self-regulated learning strategies and its effect on problem solving methods in education in Tehran. Method: The method of conducting research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in add More

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify self-regulated learning strategies and its effect on problem solving methods in education in Tehran. Method: The method of conducting research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In order to conduct this research, in addition to the documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used to identify the dimensions and components. The statistical population in this study was all experts in the field of curriculum planning and educational management, which was conducted after 16 theoretical saturation interviews. Results: Finally, for self-regulated learning strategies, 3 dimensions, 9 components and 22 indicators were identified through content analysis. For the second variable, ie problem-solving methods, according to the Cassidy and Long (1996) standard questionnaire, there were 3 components and 24 indicators. The validity of the qualitative part, according to the experts, was confirmed and the reliability of this part was obtained by using the Copa formula of 63%, which is acceptable and shows the high reliability of the resulting codes. It was measured that all components were above 0.7. Finally, the structural equation method of smartpls3 software was used to draw the pattern. Results: The results showed that the dimensions of resource management strategies (0.932), cognitive strategies (0886) and metacognitive strategies (0.843) are the most important in the variable of self-regulatory learning strategies, respectively, and also self-regulatory strategies with a coefficient of 0.703 show the effect of 70 it has a percentage on problem solving methods. Manuscript profile

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179 - Comparison of the psychological profile, life satisfaction and coping strategies in spouses of martyrs ,war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and Prisoners of war
Abolghasem Sadeghi Mohsen Jadidi Mohammad Mehdi Shamsaei

War as a factor of intense psychological pressure, has wide individual, economic, social and cultural outcomes, which in the range of the generations might have a significant impact on relations between members of a society. This study aimed to investigate the psycholog More

War as a factor of intense psychological pressure, has wide individual, economic, social and cultural outcomes, which in the range of the generations might have a significant impact on relations between members of a society. This study aimed to investigate the psychological profile, life satisfaction and coping skills in spouses of warriors having post-traumatic stress disorder. For this purpose, in a comparative retrospective study, 344 patients were selected in a randomized cluster sampling method among the spouses of Psychiatry veterans, prisoners of war and martyrs of procrustean war of Tehran Province. They were tested in terms of symptoms of mental disorder, coping responses, and life satisfaction. . Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the subjects have signs of pathologies in majority of sub-scales but no significance was shown in the psychological profile of spouse of martyrs, prisoners of war and veterans. Results indicated that coping strategies of spouses of martyrs, prisoners of war and veterans have significant difference. It seems that the spouses of martyrs, veterans and prisoners of war are different in their coping strategies. However, the continuous use of emotion-focused coping strategies in the relationship and marital issues, can expose an individual's mental health with difficulties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

180 - Innovative Human Resources Management Policies in the Service of the National Meteorological Organization
seyed ali akbar ahmadi رضا رسولی malek dalir fatemeh rahmatinezhad

It should be kept in mind that in human resource management، organizational value increases، so sharing information in organizations depends on the people who facilitate this transfer، as a result of all the factors that encourage or hinder interpersonal communication. More

It should be kept in mind that in human resource management، organizational value increases، so sharing information in organizations depends on the people who facilitate this transfer، as a result of all the factors that encourage or hinder interpersonal communication. That is، they will also affect people\\\'s information exchanges، that\\\'s why the importance of communication and interactions on trust and norms between people in the expansion and application of knowledge is very important. The headquarters staff of the country\\\'s Meteorological Organization also have different information and skills depending on their education، position, and work experience، which enables them to better perform their assigned tasks. They have to communicate and interact with their managers and colleagues to plan، coordinate، etc. Now، considering the multidimensional nature of each person\\\'s work in this organization، it is necessary to transfer and disseminate information and skills to facilitate the work of individuals and achieve organizational goals، and at the same time، eliminate weaknesses and strengthen strengths. Therefore، the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of human resource management practices on the performance of the country\\\'s meteorological organization with the mediating role of organizational readiness and responsible innovative behavior. The statistical population of the current research consists of the staff of the country\\\'s Meteorological Organization (۲۸۶ people)، and some of them (۱۶۴ people) were studied by simple random sampling. The research method is descriptive-correlation and applied. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the construct validity was examined through factor analysis، the analysis of research data was done through structural equation modeling using PLS software. The findings of this research showed that human resource management methods have a positive and significant effect on the performance of the country\\\'s meteorological organization with the mediating role of organizational readiness and responsible innovative behavior. Manuscript profile

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