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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on oxidation indices and microbial quality of red pepper
Samaneh Khodabandeh shahraki Mohammad Goli Sharifeh ShahiIssue 4 , Vol. 10 , Winter 2024Spices are popular worldwide for increasing appetite and adding flavor and color to food, but they also carry a high microbial load. Cold plasma is a non-thermal technology and a suitable alternative to the conventional thermal methods used in the food industry, which, MoreSpices are popular worldwide for increasing appetite and adding flavor and color to food, but they also carry a high microbial load. Cold plasma is a non-thermal technology and a suitable alternative to the conventional thermal methods used in the food industry, which, with its antimicrobial properties, increases the shelf life of food without negatively affecting its quality. The purpose of this research was to investigate some qualitative and microbial properties of red pepper by a cold plasma method. The results showed that the plasma voltage had a greater effect on improving and maintaining the total phenolic content of red pepper than the duration of irradiation, so the use of cold plasma treatment with medium voltage (16.66 kV) increased the total phenolic content of red pepper compared to the voltages lower and higher were superior. The acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, and anisidine index of the treatments were significantly higher than the control sample (p<0.05), and the control sample had the lowest oxidation indices. The total count of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli in the treated samples was significantly less than the control sample (p<0.05). According to the obtained results, the cold plasma method is suggested for food processing because it can maintain the quality of food at an acceptable level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Determining antibiotic resistance pattern in Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from checken and sheep meat in Shahrekord city
elahe barzam الهه تاج بخش Hassan MomtazIssue 4 , Vol. 10 , Winter 2024Usually, contaminated food is one of the main causes of human infections, and in this case, poultry meat and sheep are considered as the main causes. Enterobacter cloacae strains, having different virulence factors and multiple antibiotic resistance are mainly considere MoreUsually, contaminated food is one of the main causes of human infections, and in this case, poultry meat and sheep are considered as the main causes. Enterobacter cloacae strains, having different virulence factors and multiple antibiotic resistance are mainly considered as an opportunistic pathogen. In this research, the isolation of Enterobacter cloacae from chicken and sheep meat samples in Shahrekord in 2019 was done by microbial and molecular methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disc diffusion method and microtitre plate method was used to check biofilm production. The ability to produce broad-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes was investigated through phenotypic and genotypic methods. Out of 384 examined samples, Enterobacter cloacae were identified in 25 samples (6.51%) which also confirmed in the presence of the hsp60 in molecular analysis. Among these, 18 samples were related to chicken meat (72%) and 7 samples (28%) were related to sheep meat. The highest antibiotic resistance to cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime was reported in 20 isolates (80%) and the lowest resistance to nitrofuranthein was reported in 15 isolates (23.8%). In microtiter method. 15 isolates (60%) showed strong biofilm reaction, 10 isolates (40%) showed moderate biofilm reaction. The present study indicates that ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae strains have a relatively high prevalence. The increase in the number of these strains is often caused by the irrational prescription of antibiotics, which requires the use of new antimicrobial agents,. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the antimicrobial effects of lemongrass and lavender extracts and essential oils with antibiotics on some food bacteria
Mehrdad Ataie Kachouei Elham Fakhri fatemeh khodaverdipourIssue 4 , Vol. 10 , Winter 2024In recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have recei MoreIn recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have received more attention. increase. For this reason, in this study, we prepared alcoholic extracts and essential oils from lemongrass and lavender plants and then serially diluted them to obtain the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Shigella Flexnerl, Salmonella typhimuriom, Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were prepared. Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were also measured and compared using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that the halo diameter of the essential oil was larger than that of the extract, indicating a higher susceptibility of the sample to the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The amount of MIC and MBC in essential oil and extract, respectively, against each of the four bacteria tested was measured by microdilution method, which showed that the concentration of MIC and MBC in essential oil was lower than in extract. Analysis of compounds in each essential oil and extract was performed using a GC-MS device, essential oils contain more compounds than extracts and therefore have more antibiotic properties. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that lemongrass and lavender essences and extracts have antibacterial effects. Therefore, they can be used as natural plant products to combat bacterial infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Application of ERIC-PCR method for genetic classification of campylobacter strains isolated from raw milk
GholamReza Banisharif Mohammad Hosein Marhamatizadeh Hassan MomtazIssue 4 , Vol. 10 , Winter 2024Introduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobac MoreIntroduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: 43 isolates of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces were selected and confirmed by ERIC-PCR method. Results: The studied isolates revealed banding patterns ranging from 100 to 2000 open pairs, which were further classified into 5 main profiles with a similarity coefficient of simple matching at a similarity level above 80%. Except for 100% affinity which was observed in 1 case, other isolates had genetic affinity between 54% and 98%. Conclusion: The placement of the studied isolates in several subgroups showed the acceptable discrimination power of the ERIC-PCR technique in Campylobacter genotyping and the presence of different sources of contamination of dairy products with this pathogen. ERIC-PCR method is a simple, fast and low-cost method to describe the genetic diversity of different Campylobacter strains, including Campylobacter jejuni and coli strains. Manuscript profile
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Open Access Article
1 - Bacterial zoonotic disease from fish: a review
Mehdi RaissyIssue 2 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2017Zoonoses involving transmission of disease and biotoxin producing agents from fish to humans have been documented in the literature mostly including bacteria, biotoxins and parasites. The list of potential fish-borne zoonoses is quite large. Twenty six infectious agents MoreZoonoses involving transmission of disease and biotoxin producing agents from fish to humans have been documented in the literature mostly including bacteria, biotoxins and parasites. The list of potential fish-borne zoonoses is quite large. Twenty six infectious agents are discussed in this review and there are also many other infectious organisms of fish origin that have not been reported but have the potential to infect and harm human. The status of the human host immune system plays a vital role in the severity of the disease. The major exposure routes include ingestion and introduction of organisms through open wounds or abrasions. More specifically, ingestion includes consumption of raw or under-cooked infected fish tissue, ingestion of fish tissue contaminated with feces from infected fish. Overall 46.15 % of fish-borne zoonoses are transmitted orally which are mostly helminthic diseases are caused by Trematodes, Cestodes and nematodes. Yet these zoonoses are responsible for large numbers of human infections around the world. Ingestion of water harboring infectious organisms with 23.07 % and Dermal exposure includes introduction of infectious agents into open wounds or abrasions through handling infected fish or infected water with 19.23 % are other transmission ways and importantly 15.38 % of fish-borne zoonoses are transmitted by more than one way. Distribution, epidemiology, clinical aspects, and the research needed for improved risk assessments, clinical management and prevention and control of these important diseases are reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Fish-borne parasites: A review on the reports from Iran
Hossein Momeni Mehdi Raissy Masoumeh Bashiri Maryam Barzegar Mahsa AnsariIssue 4 , Vol. 6 , Winter 2020A high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites MoreA high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites can be classified as protozoa, trematode, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. Infection in humans usually occurs following the consumption of larvae-infected meat. The possibility and the rate of infection directly relate to different criteria, including the fish consumption rate, level of hygiene, feeding habits, and methods of cooking or processing. In this article, having discussed the fish-borne parasites, the reports of zoonotic parasites from fish in Iran have been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Optimization of the Extraction Process of Aqueous and Alcoholic (Ethanol) Extracts of Allium Ampelloprasuml Plant by Response Surface Methodology and Its Antioxidant Effect on Soybean Oil Stability over Shelf Life
الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا BeyzaeiIssue 2 , Vol. 8 , Autumn 2021Plants contain phenolic compounds ranging from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to highly polymerized molecules such as tannins Phenols and polyphenols in plant tissues have gained increasing scientific interest because of their potential beneficial effects on hu MorePlants contain phenolic compounds ranging from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to highly polymerized molecules such as tannins Phenols and polyphenols in plant tissues have gained increasing scientific interest because of their potential beneficial effects on human health..In this study, Allium ampelloprasum L plant was prepared and homogenized from Sabzevar. The extraction was performed by the ultrasound extraction method using ethanol and water solvent. The amount of and antioxidant compounds of extracts was investigated by and DPPH methods, respectively. The results of the optimization process have shown that the optimum conditions of alcoholic extraction were determined as 17.81 minutes with the concentration of 800. Also, the optimum conditions for the aqueous extraction were determined as the concentration of 800 ppm and the time of 13.52 minutes. According to the optimization results, the extraction amount of antioxidant compounds in aqueous and alcoholic extractions were reported as 33.893-33.499, respectively. The results of the oxidative stability of oil have shown that the peroxide and thiobarbituric acid index in water and alcoholic extraction were 1.938-3.158 and 0.173-0.337, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment: pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity, and removal ways from water treatment
Ghasem Ghorbani Ebrahim Rahimi Amir ShakerianIssue 2 , Vol. 10 , Autumn 2023Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an op MorePseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes serious problems, it seems necessary to know the pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity and methods of removing it from drinking water. The pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa has been extensively studied and proven to be a multifactorial process, mediated by quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa possess two quorum sensing systems, las and rhl that facilitate cell to cell communication through production of signalling molecules termed autoinducers to target specific receptors for activation. P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to various antibiotics due to a low permeability in the outer membrane, which acts as a selective barrier. However, this bacterium is a highly diverse pathogen that is capable of adaptation to the surrounding environment. When subjected to antibiotic selective pressure, the induced response facilitates bacterial survival and develops antibiotic resistance. literature suggests that the large genome size and genome complexity are responsible for the ability of this bacterium to adapt and thrive in a diverse range of environments. The presence and persistence of these bacteria in environmental waters may pose a great risk to the public health and requires further work to fully characterize and quantify the input of MDR P. aeruginosa strains from the hospitals compared with those originating from the general community or other wastewater related sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Study on antibiotic resistance pattern of Cronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from infant formula and baby food types
Samira abbasi bafetrat Mohammad Goli Hasan MomtazIssue 4 , Vol. 3 , Winter 2017Cronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order MoreCronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order to detect microbiological and molecular contamination by Cronobacter sakazakii and study antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates. Two hundred samples of infant formula and baby food from deferent brands were collected and after microbial detection, bacteria’s isolates were detected, using PCR method. Then antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion method. Three samples from total 100 baby food (3%) and 5 samples from total 100 infant formula (5%) had Cronobacter sakazaki infection. A, B and C brands from infant formula and A, D brands from baby food were contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii. B and C brands from infant formula (10% each of them) and A brand from baby food (8%) were infected with Cronobacter sakazakii. Isolates from Cronobacter sakazakii which isolate from infant formula and baby food demonstrated most Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (20.38), meropenem (19.83) and imipenem (19.63) and most resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, tigecycline, ticarcillin, aztreonam and ceftazidime. Careful inspection on the raw material quality of infant formula and baby food as well as, exact supervision on production procedure, sanitation in addition to use natural antimicrobial can reduce Prevalence rate of this bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Studying the antifungal effects of graphene nanoparticles on Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum
Nader Habibi Maryam Aliasghari Asad RokhzadiIssue 2 , Vol. 6 , Autumn 2019This study was conducted to study the antifungal effects of graphene nanoparticles on Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum. Different concentrations of graphene nanoparticles were investigated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum fu MoreThis study was conducted to study the antifungal effects of graphene nanoparticles on Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum. Different concentrations of graphene nanoparticles were investigated to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and inhibition zone diameter. The results showed that the concentration of graphene nanoparticle which inhibited the growth of Penicillium mold was statistically more than that of Aspergillus niger. On the other hand, there was no difference between the concentrations of MFC for these two fungi. The MIC results for Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum were 10388.9 and 10527.8 μg/ml respectively. Evaluation of the growth inhibition zone showed that up to 10500 ppm, there was no difference between the inhibition zones diameter of two microorganisms. However, with an increase in the concentration of graphene nanoparticle, the difference between the zone diameters in the two molds increased, so that the diameter of the inhibition zone of Aspergillus niger in higher nanoparticle concentrations was more than that of Penicillin citrinum. According to the results of this study it can be concluded that the effect of graphene nanoparticles on Aspergillus niger was higher than that of Penicillin citrinum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of biosurfactants isolated from lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei against pathogenic bacteria
Fatemeh Noorbakhsh alireza varpaei sahar Honarmand JahromiIssue 3 , Vol. 10 , Winter 2023Introduction: One of the characteristics of lactobacilli is their ability to produce biosurfactant compounds. In this research, the biosurfactant of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential again MoreIntroduction: One of the characteristics of lactobacilli is their ability to produce biosurfactant compounds. In this research, the biosurfactant of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei was used to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential against four pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and methods: Biosurfactant extraction was done from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, using the method of determining the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to determine the antimicrobial potential. Also, the micro titer plate method was used to measure the anti-biofilm potential and the type of biofilm of each strain was determined in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei biosurfactant in different concentrations.Results: Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for pathogen strains, the highest percentage was observed at the concentration of 125 and 250 mg/ml. The anti-biofilm effect of biosurfactant has been used in the approximate concentrations of 62.5 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml. Determination of antibiotic sensitivity showed the results of sensitive, semi-sensitive and resistant states, but the results obtained for Acinetobacter baumannii shows resistance to all antibiotic discs.Conclusion: The biosurfactant isolated from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei had antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria, also the biosurfactant of Lactobacilli showed that it has anti-biofilm capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Antimicrobial effects of chemical compounds medical smoke from Teucrium polium on Fluorescence microorganisms under laboratory conditions
Farhang Tirgir Pardis Naderi dehkordi Fateme Malakpoor Ali Kazemi babaheidariIssue 3 , Vol. 9 , Winter 2022Using from medicinal smokes has been customary in treatment of many diseases by bacteria in Iran and especially ChaharmahalVaBakhtiari province. The aim of this investigation was to study the antimicrobial effects of medicinal smoke of the Teucrium polium on food-born MoreUsing from medicinal smokes has been customary in treatment of many diseases by bacteria in Iran and especially ChaharmahalVaBakhtiari province. The aim of this investigation was to study the antimicrobial effects of medicinal smoke of the Teucrium polium on food-borne bacteria in vitro condition. Components from an indirect heating of Teucrium polium were extracted in the form of two organic liquid phases of 1 and 2. Plant extract was also extracted using the ethanol solvent. Then, the antimicrobial effects of two organic phases were analyzed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteria concentration (MBC) were determined using the tube dilution method. Statistically significant difference (P <0.05) was seen between the antimicrobial effects of the organic phases of smoke and extract of the Teucrium polium on tested bacteria. Organic phase 1 of smoke at concentration of 2000 ppm had the highest diameter of the growth inhibition zone on tested bacteria. Tested organic phases had the highest antimicrobial effects on the Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial effects of the organic phases on Gram-positive bacteria were higher than Gram-negative. According to the cheap, low cost, high efficiency and safety of the procedure of the smoke production from the Teucrium polium plant and also its higher antimicrobial effects than extraction, using from organic ophase 1 from the smoke condensate of the Teucrium polium plant is recommended to elimination of harmful bacteria and the cause of corruption in food products as well as increasing their shelf-life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Shirazi Turnip root (Brasica rappa L.) in in-vitro conditions
Ali Mohamadi Sani Khalil Behnam Mehrnaz EsmaeilpourIssue 3 , Vol. 4 , Autumn 2017The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Turnip (Brassica rapa) root in Fars-Iran. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) whic MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Turnip (Brassica rapa) root in Fars-Iran. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which revealed 16 compounds in which Methyl chavicol (32.31 %), Trans anethole (19.58 %), Linalool (15.46 %), α-Pinene (9.28 %), α- Thujone (6.59 %) and β- Pinene (3.34 %) were the main components. The antimicrobial activity was measured by disk-diffusion and micro-dilution method for determination of MIC and MBC. The results showed that the essential oil of turnip has a significant effect in reducing the growth of bacteria have been tested. However the essential oil had the lowest MIC on (MIC=2.5 mg/ml) E. coli but the results showed the highest effects against (MIC=0.625 mg/ml) S. aureus. Results presented here suggest that the essential oils of turnip possesses antibacterial properties, and is therefore a potential source of active ingredients for food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A review of the structure, mechanism, and application of bacteriocins in foods as natural preservatives
Seyedeh-Maryam Hasheminya Jalal DehghannyaIssue 4 , Vol. 7 , Winter 2020In recent years, the incidence of foodborne illnesses has caused considerable concern among the population. Despite advanced mechanisms in health and inspection during food production, microorganisms are potential hazards during food processing, packaging, transportatio MoreIn recent years, the incidence of foodborne illnesses has caused considerable concern among the population. Despite advanced mechanisms in health and inspection during food production, microorganisms are potential hazards during food processing, packaging, transportation, storage, and distribution. To reduce the economic loss and life-threatening diseases, and also diminish the adverse effects of chemical preservatives on foods and the increased resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, the application of natural antimicrobial compounds that have detrimental and inhibitory effects on the pathogenic agents has been considered by researchers. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria such as nisin, lacticin 3147, pediocin PA-1, pediocin AcH, and enterocin A and B are natural antimicrobial additives. Researchers face limitations when using bacteriocins such as inappropriate distribution in the food matrix, lack of inhibition in gram-negative bacteria and yeast, inefficiency in the neutral and alkaline pH range, and inactivation at high temperatures. To address these problems, processed bacteriocins such as microencapsulated nisin are used instead of free nisin. Also, bacteriocins are applied in combination with other processes such as active packaging, high hydrostatic pressures, pulsed electric fields, gentle heat treatments, and lactoperoxidase system. In this study, first, the bacteriocins in terms of their structure and mechanism of action are reviewed and then the use of bacteriocins in foods as natural preservatives is discussed. Manuscript profile
