List of articles (by subject) Food-Borne Diseases

    • Open Access Article

      1 - Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolated Shigella spp. from food based on IpaH gene and evaluation of their antibiotic patterns
      Nima Bahador Ima Ajampour
      Food is a vital substance which is important for human life. Although this vital matter could be a vehicle for transferring the microorganisms to human and Shigella is an important microorganism which could be cause of dysentery to human, the present study tried to isol More
      Food is a vital substance which is important for human life. Although this vital matter could be a vehicle for transferring the microorganisms to human and Shigella is an important microorganism which could be cause of dysentery to human, the present study tried to isolate and characterized isolated Shigella from food.In this study 100 food samples including: 40 types of vegetables, 30 chicken, 20 minced meat and 10 fish have been collected. The samples were inoculated to gram negative broth and transferred to differential media such as MacConkey and Salmonella Shigella agar. Then the suspected colonies were identified using biochemical tests. Afterward, the isolates were characterized using ipaH gene by PCR technique. Furthermore, they were analyzed using serotyping techniques and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern were checked. Out of 100 foodstuffs the bacteria were detected only from vegetables. The isolates (n= 6) were confirmed by molecular techniques and all of them belong to the genus of Shigella. In addition the slide agglutination test showed that the isolates were belong to sh. dysentriae (n=1), Sh. sonnei (n=2), Sh. flexneri (n=2), and one non detectable. Furthermore, they showed different antibiotic pattern, as the isolate No.1 showed 100% sensitivity to the tetracycline and were resistant to the others Although foodstuffs are so important in transferring the microorganism, the monitoring of foods in market and greengrocery is necessary. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      2 - Evaluation of Medicinal infusions signs in cattle slaughtered at the abattoir Sari
      mohsen yadollahi Nasrollah Vahedi Nouri Yazdan Khodabakhsh
      Summary: Today, Antibiotics are mainly used to treat and also stimulate the growth of livestock in the diet. In the event of uncontrolled consumption of drugs especially antibiotics and lack of observance Contraception time (Withdrawal time), Causes harmful effects such More
      Summary: Today, Antibiotics are mainly used to treat and also stimulate the growth of livestock in the diet. In the event of uncontrolled consumption of drugs especially antibiotics and lack of observance Contraception time (Withdrawal time), Causes harmful effects such as: Bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, poisoning, Carcinogenicity and disturb the natural microflora of the intestines in the body of the consumer. This study was conducted to determine the rate of injection of drugs and its effects on cows' carcasses. This study is descriptive-cross sectional. Within six months, From June to December 2016, a total of 8630 cow carcasses were surveyed from Sari industrial slaughterhouse. For this purpose, carcasses were examined (Effects of Injection, Smell the drug odor) daily at the slaughterhouse. Of the 8630 carcasses examined, 1,500 carcasses (17.38 %) had injectable effects. The results of the research show that there the difference between males and females in terms of the effects of drug injections is statistically significant in both summer and autumn (P‹0.05).But between summer and autumn, the difference is not statistically significant(P›0.05). Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      3 - Isolation of Alicyclobacillus from fruits juice in Iran
      Ebrahim Rahimi Abbas Doosti Sara Dehghan Nejad
      Heat-loving bacteria Bacillus Alicyclobacilluschanging flavor juices and ready to use in recent years in a wide range of large amounts of fruit juice was corrupt world, although there is no previous report indicating its pathogenesis. This research was done to study con More
      Heat-loving bacteria Bacillus Alicyclobacilluschanging flavor juices and ready to use in recent years in a wide range of large amounts of fruit juice was corrupt world, although there is no previous report indicating its pathogenesis. This research was done to study contamination of packaged juice with the bacteria. A total of 300 samples of pomegranate juice, apple juice, orange juice, mangoes juice, pineapple juice, grape juice (from different companies) at Esfahan was collected and studied for Alicyclobacillus contamination. The samples were tested using culture, biochemical tests and PCR. According to the results, 13 samples (4.33%) were contaminated with Alicyclobacillus. The highest level of contamination among samples was found in pomegranate juice and orange juice (13.3%). Contamination in cranberry juice, mixed species and other samples was 10, and 6.66 %. No contamination was found the other species. Regarding to the obtained results, prevention of bacterial growth especially during storage time and detection of bacteria after pasteurization is necessary. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      4 - Knowledge, attitude and practice of resident women of Shiraz about food borne disease
      Mohammad Hasan Ehrampoush Bahador Hajimohammadi assieh amiri سپیده خلعت بری- لیماکی سکینه گرایلو مطهره السادات حسینی
      One of the major problems of health and medical education in all countries, is the frequency of epidemics in associated with food. To prevent food-borne illness, the housewives role is very important. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude an More
      One of the major problems of health and medical education in all countries, is the frequency of epidemics in associated with food. To prevent food-borne illness, the housewives role is very important. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of woman who lived in Shiraz about food borne disease. This cross-sectional study surveyed 266 women resident in Shiraz by referring to their homes. The questionnaire included demographic variables, questions related to knowledge, attitude and practice. Data analysis was conducted using T-Test, ANOVA, and 2χ at 0.05 level with SPSS version 18. According to the results, the average age is 35/35 ± 10/32. In general, the women have the moderate to fine score of knowledge, attitude and practice and there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of knowledge, attitude and practice. Based on the findings of this study and the lack of awareness of some important pathogens such as Salmonella, E-coli and other foodborne pathogens the necessity to educate Housewives about the Risk factors associated with food is specified Since the best way to reduce food-borne poisoning, is proper and efficient training to the people who are responsible for producing and supplying food. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      5 - Identification of Escherichia coli and study of relationship between Pathotypes in human clinical specimens and samples of meat, dairy and vegetable by Polyclonal Antisera
      Afshin Javadi Yalda Basharkhah Behbood Jafari
      Diarrheal diseases are a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries are considered. One of the most important agents of diarrhea are Escherichia coli which responsible for many deaths of infants. Contamination of water and food is the main cause More
      Diarrheal diseases are a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries are considered. One of the most important agents of diarrhea are Escherichia coli which responsible for many deaths of infants. Contamination of water and food is the main cause of human infection with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to identify pathotypes of E.coli, isolated from human clinical specimens, samples of meat, dairy and vegetables using polyvalent antisera to determine the relationship between the origins of the contamination of the samples.For this purpose, 40 samples from hospital clinical specimens, meat products, milk and salad sampled and sent to the laboratory for food control selected and confirmed by Imvic test and their pathogenicity with polyvalent antisera were studied. According to the results, 35% of clinical specimens, 17.5% of meat, 2.5% of milk samples and 17.5% of salad and vegetables were identified as vector of pathogenic Escherichia coli. So, E.coli could be introduced as a common agent of infant diarrhea in our country. Thus, food hygiene and food control necessity demands for the control of presence of pathogenic E.coli. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      6 - Study of correlation between microbial carcass and threonine on broiler chicks
      Farshid Kheiri Ghasem Najafi Mohamad Ali Jalali
      An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of threonine on microbial carcass with use of 450 numbers of broiler chicks of the Ross 308.The chicks randomly are allocated to five experimental treatments and six replications (15 chicks in each r More
      An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of threonine on microbial carcass with use of 450 numbers of broiler chicks of the Ross 308.The chicks randomly are allocated to five experimental treatments and six replications (15 chicks in each replicates) in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets are including different levels of threonine with five levels of 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 percent of the recommended Ross 308. The findings of the study shows the effect of experimental diets on microbial carcass in female and male broiler are (p< 0.05) significant. In carcass broiler chicks (different treatment) salmonella are not observed (P> 0/05). In dilution (-1) most level microbial carcass in treatment 90 ٪Threonine became observation, where with treatment 110 ٪threonine are significant (p< 0.05). Dilution (-2) least level microbial carcass in treatment 110 ٪became observation than  another treatments are significant (p< 0.05).Too in total content microbial carcass least level relevant on treatment 110 ٪threonine was than  another treatments are significant (p< 0.05). Results showed that the increase of threonine up to %10 leads to improvement of broiler chicks. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      7 - Campylobacter spp. as a Potential Pathogen in the edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms )
      Amir Shakerian
      AbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of More
      AbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in edible mushrum at 2014 year in stores and retail market of Shahrekord city, Central of Iran. All of the samples were cultured in enrichment and specific bacteriological media and then use for Polymerase Chaine Reaction (PCR) method for detection Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Out of 100 samples, 15 % were positive due to Campylobacter spp. From 15 samples positive, 13.3 % and 86.7 % were positive to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. Therefore the consumption of raw edible mushrum to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli constitutes health hazard for human in this city.Keywords: Campylobacter spp., Edible Mushrum, Retail market, PCR, ShahreKord,Iran Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      8 - The study of Escherichia coli contamination rate in meats of chickens without antibiotic and conventional
      saeed Dehghani Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Ebrahim Rahimi
      The residue of antibiotics and other chemical compounds in chicken meat is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source. In this research, for study of correlation between antibiotic consumption and chicken meat contamination, in summer of 2014, 10 chicken f More
      The residue of antibiotics and other chemical compounds in chicken meat is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source. In this research, for study of correlation between antibiotic consumption and chicken meat contamination, in summer of 2014, 10 chicken farms in Isfahan province that reared under conventional condition and 5 chicken farms that reared broilers under without antibiotic consumption were monitored from start of growing period. At end of growing period, in slaughter stage, one piece of breast muscle and cecum content were sampled. The percentage of carcass contamination and number of Escherichia coli (E.coli) in cecal content were determined in chickens reared under conventional and without antibiotic condition. Also, the shigatoxogenic E.coli was examined by PCR.Furthermore, the carcass contamination and E.coli colony count in cecal content in chickens with or without colibacillosis background were determined. The results showed that the chicken meat contamination to E.coli and the E.coli population in cecal content in chickens reared under conventional condition were not significant different from chickens reared without antibiotic, while these indices in chickens with colibacillosis history were significant higher than chickens without colibacillosis history. In this study the shigatoxogenic E.coli was not detected. In overall, this study revealed microbial infection in chicken farms that lead to antibiotic consumption could decrease hygienic quality of chicken meat. Therefore, in addition to controlling of withdrawal time for antibiotic consumption, the withdrawal time for infections incidence must be observed for decrease the risk of transmission of pathogens along the food chain of human. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      9 - Verotoxigenic E. coli and its importance in food hygiene
      mojtaba bonyadian
      Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) or Shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important pathogenic E. coli that can cause diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis in humans. Hemorrhagic colitis occasionally progresses to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), an importan More
      Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) or Shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important pathogenic E. coli that can cause diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis in humans. Hemorrhagic colitis occasionally progresses to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), an important cause of acute renal failure in children and morbidity and mortality in adults. In the elderly, the case fatality rate for HUS can be as high as 50%. Escherichia. coli O157:H7 has been recognized as a cause of this syndrome since the 1980s. The reservoirs for STEC O157:H7 are ruminants, particularly cattle and sheep, which are infected asymptomatically and shed the organism in feces. Other animals such as rabbits, pigs and poultry can also carry this organism. Infections with STEC in other serogroups, including members of O26, O91, O103, O104, O111, O113, O117, O118, O121, O128 and O145, are increasingly recognized as causes of hemorrhagic colitis and HUS. Humans acquire STEC by direct contact with animal carriers, their feces, and contaminated soil or water, or via the ingestion of underdone ground beef, other animal products, and contaminated vegetables and fruits. Thorough cooking of raw meats, pasteurization of milk, treatment of private water supplies, and the avoidance of cross-contamination from raw meats or cattle feces to other foods are the most effective ways of preventing STEC infections. Generally, the detection of STEC is laborious, and currently there are no simple, inexpensive methods available for routine isolation of all STEC strains. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      10 - The study of Iranian food contact plastic wrap contamination with bacteria causing food-borne disease
      Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei Nasrin Mirzaei Ahmand Reza Bahrami Bayan Saeidi Ebrahim Rahimi
      The use of plastic wrap for foodstuff is very common in the world. Plastic wrap is impermeable to air, oils, greases, and more importantly, bacteria which makes it useful for food packaging. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are of important pathogens and the mo More
      The use of plastic wrap for foodstuff is very common in the world. Plastic wrap is impermeable to air, oils, greases, and more importantly, bacteria which makes it useful for food packaging. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus are of important pathogens and the most common cause of food-borne disease.Ten Iranian plastic wraps with different brands were chosen and identification was done by biochemical test and serial dilution methods. After microorganism identification, selective and differential medium cultures were used to confirm bacteria. Among ten Iranian plastic wrap; seven samples were devoid of any contamination, while two samples had Bacillus cereus contamination and one plastic wrap sample had Staphylococcus aureus contamination. According to the result of serial dilution, 1.6X104 CFU and 2.1X102 CFU Bacillus cereus and 1.7X101 CFU Staphylococcus aureus was counted. Acceptable microbial limits for Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus per gram of plastic wrap need to be established by international organizations for standardization. Besides, the presence of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus on plastic wrap surface and related disease in food contact plastic wrap needs to have a continuous investigation. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      11 - Review of Brucella contamination in Milk and its products of Iran
      Amir Shakerian sahar nouri Mohammad Nodargah
      Brucellosis or Malta-Fever, is a zoonotic disease that cause by gram negative brucella bacteria and is a serious health problem in the Mediterranean area. It usually transmitted to humans from livestock or tainted livestock products. Brucellosis in humans followed by co More
      Brucellosis or Malta-Fever, is a zoonotic disease that cause by gram negative brucella bacteria and is a serious health problem in the Mediterranean area. It usually transmitted to humans from livestock or tainted livestock products. Brucellosis in humans followed by consumption of raw milk, its products and soft cooked meat. It’s endemic as well as in our country and it has increased in recent years. Regarding the health of milk and its products due to the high value in humans food is paramount important and contamination of milk and its products from important ways of disease transferring, therefore in this article provides overview of dairy-products contamination as one the important transfer ways since 1948 to 2016. There are several methods to diagnose, but in recent years, according to the molecular methods such as PCR or serology ones as ELISA due to the sensitivity and a high degree of accuracy are payed attention. Prevention, control and eradicate program of brucellosis have been different according to the economic condition various in countries and broadly eradicate and control of brucellosis is important from tow aspects of health and economic. Raise up awareness of poultry- mans and educating consumers by the mass media and raise up awareness about transferable disease from milk and its products can be useful. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      12 - Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and antibiotic resistance pattern determination and tracking virulence genes in the salad samples collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and Isfahan
      Hamidreza Bahrami محمد ربیعی فرادنبه
      Salad is one of the most popular components of the diets. E. coli Shiga toxin producing STEC is considered as one of the most important food pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of salad contamination with this pathogen in Isfahan city and Chaharmah More
      Salad is one of the most popular components of the diets. E. coli Shiga toxin producing STEC is considered as one of the most important food pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of salad contamination with this pathogen in Isfahan city and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province STEC, determine the pattern of antibiotic-resistant and tracking virulence genes in bacteria were isolated. In this study, eighty samples of salad were randomly collected from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province and Isfahan city from fast food restaurants and shopping malls. Following isolation of E. coli in the culture, PCR test to determine the virulence factors, Shiga toxin-producing bacteria was performed using specific primers. Then antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by standard methods and disk diffusion. The results showed that 80 salads, 11 samples (13/75 percent) are infected with E. coli. All strains of E. coli are resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest and the lowest resistance were observed in tetracycline (58.82 percent) and nitrofurantoin (3.92%), respectively. The lowest prevalence and Stx1 had the highest frequency in the virulence genes. However STEC strains are not highly virulent in Iran, the findings of this study showed the possibility of contamination of the salads offered at fast food centers and restaurants. Therefore, preventive measures to avoid salad contamination with these bacteria are necessary. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      13 - Isolation of Campylobacter in different processing stage and presentation of poultry carcasses
      amin irannejhad ebrahim rahimi majid gholamiahangaran
      Campylobacter is one of the main potentials for causing diarrhea and bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses during slaughtering process in Najaf abad-Isfahan slaughterhou More
      Campylobacter is one of the main potentials for causing diarrhea and bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses during slaughtering process in Najaf abad-Isfahan slaughterhouse. In summer 2014, 160 samples were collected from chicken carcasses from 5 chicken flock during 8 different stage of slaughtering and analyzed for detecting campylobacter spp. The results showed that 102 samples from 160 samples (%63.75) were positive for campylobacter. The prevalence of campylobacter in different stage were 19 of 20 (%95) in cloaca, 16 of 20 (%80) predefeathering, 12of 20 (%60) post defaethering, 12 of 20 (%60) post evisceration, 14 of 20 (%70) post chilling, 13 of 20 (%65) post packing, 10 of 20 (%50) post deboning and 6 of 20 (%30) post freezing. Also biochemical differentiation of the produced campylobacteria isolates showed that C.jejuni was frequently isolated (%90.2) than C.coli (%9.8). Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      14 - Prevalence of hydrogen peroxide contamination in sterilized milk samples distributed in Isfahan market
      مریم میرلوحی محمد باقر ملجئی آذین پور خلیلی
      Introduction: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used as disinfectant for sterilization of food contact materials. In dairy industry, contamination of milk with H2O2 residue is likely due to its leakage from the disinfected surfaces resulting in development of oxidative spoi More
      Introduction: Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used as disinfectant for sterilization of food contact materials. In dairy industry, contamination of milk with H2O2 residue is likely due to its leakage from the disinfected surfaces resulting in development of oxidative spoilage of milk. Since no report has been documented on the prevalence of such contamination in food stuff in Iran, this study aimed to measure the prevalence of H2O2 in sterilized milk samples, collected from Isfahan market in 2013. Methods: A total of 20 tetra-pack sterilized milk samples from 7 different brand were randomly collected from the market. All the samples were 250ml in volume. In order to measure the H2O2 concentration a colometric method was adapted based on catalase reaction and measurement of light absorption at 400nm. Results: H2O2 residue was detected in all tested samples ranging from 0.14-1.62 ppm. Fifteen samples (75%) contained H2O2 levels greater than its regulated level by international organization (0.5 ppm). Accordingly, the results of one-sample t-test showed that the average amount of detected H2O2 concentration in the tested sample is higher than the standard value. Conclusion: Regarding the H2O2 contamination of the tested milk samples revealed in this study and due to lack of any regulation limit for H2O2 in sterilized milk in Iran, presentation and documentation of standards introducing reliable method for detection and monitoring of H2O2 in the sterilized milk along with its limits is highly recommended. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      15 - Antibiotic resistance determination in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples enffected Colibacillosis disease from around Kermanshah farms
      Forogh Mohammadi
      Abstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Esche More
      Abstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Escherichia coli, this study conducted to detect antibiotic resistance profile in Escherichia coli isolated from Colibacillosis in chicken carcasses transferred to Veterinary Diagnosis laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran. Antibiotic resistance profile was studied in 500 isolated of Escherichia coli in spring and summer of 2014 using simple disk diffusion method. The results showed that the first quarter of year had mostly Escherichia coli resistance to Chloretetracycline, Erythromycin, Oxytertracyclin and Colistin and in summer in addition of this four antibiotics, Danfloxacin had high rate of resistance antibiotic. According to the increase spread of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to prevent of illness entrance to the poultry with proper nutrition principles and hygiene. Timely vaccination can prevent greatly of chicken farm with infectious diseases and follow that, the rate of antibiotic using is low and we can development into products without antibiotics. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      16 - Study of antibacterial effect of Lysozyme on Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcus garviea isolated from rainbow trout (O.mykiss) in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province
      Masomeh Mohammady Amin Nematollahi Hamdollah Moshtaghi Mojtaba Bonyadian
      The Streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garviea bacteria cause both Streptococcosis and Lactococcosis diseases in the fishes and so in humann. In recent years, these two factors had large break out in fish-breeding farms. This study amid to verify the effect of lysozym More
      The Streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garviea bacteria cause both Streptococcosis and Lactococcosis diseases in the fishes and so in humann. In recent years, these two factors had large break out in fish-breeding farms. This study amid to verify the effect of lysozyme concentration on Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcus bacteria .It also determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these compounds on the growth of mentioned bacteria. Present study investigated antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of Lysozyme (5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 312.5, 156.25, 78.13, 89.06 and 19.53 µg/mL) against Streptoccus iniae and Lactococcus garviea isolated from rainbow trout in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiary province. The study used the methods of light (optical) absorption and microdilution in three pH including 5.5, 6, 7, as well. The result of microdilution showed the effect of lysozym in the inhibition of the growth of both bacteria at pH 5.5 and 6 on concentration of 5000 µg/ml, whereas, at pH7 was observed any inhibition. The results showed declining light absorption values resulting from the growth of both bacteria with increasing concentration of lysozyme, however the inhibition effect of 5000 µg/ml of lysosyme at pH6 and 5.5 was significantly (p<0.05) less, in comparison with the smaller concentrations. On the other hand, any inhibitory effect as the optical absorption was observed in the growth of bacteria for the highest concentration of lysozyme in the media of pH 7. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      17 - The comparing of antibiotic resistance pattern in Escherichia coli isolates from chicken meat that reared under conventional and without antibiotic condition
      Mohammadreza Shahiri Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Ebrahim Rahimi
      The using of antibiotics in chicken production is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source that usually these compounds administrated for antimicrobial effect and control of microbial infections in poultry production. For comparing the antibiotic resista More
      The using of antibiotics in chicken production is one of main concerns in consumers of this protein source that usually these compounds administrated for antimicrobial effect and control of microbial infections in poultry production. For comparing the antibiotic resistance pattern in Escherichia coli (E. coli) that isolated from different growing conditions (conventional and without antibiotic), the E. coli strains were isolated from chicken meat and cecal content of chickens that were reared under conventional and without antibiotic conditions, in Isfahan province. After purification of E.coli strains on specific bacterial culture, and approve of bacterial strains according to biochemical tests, the isolates were cultured on Mueller-Hinton culture. The antibiotic resistance pattern was examined by disc-diffusion agar test. The results showed that the antibiotic resistance to different medicinal and veterinary antibiotics groups has occurred in two different growing conditions but the antibiotic resistance was lower in without antibiotic than conventional growing condition. Manuscript profile
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      18 - Isolation and identification of Arcobacter butzleri from poultry meat during slaughterhouse and retail stores in Tonekabon
      زهرا پور عباس قلی مسعود قانع mehdi ghimi rad
      Arcobacters are gram-negative and curved-shaped which are differentiated from campylobacter genus by growing up in presence of oxygen and low temperatures. Arcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent species of this genus known as zoonotic and new pathogen. With the aim o More
      Arcobacters are gram-negative and curved-shaped which are differentiated from campylobacter genus by growing up in presence of oxygen and low temperatures. Arcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent species of this genus known as zoonotic and new pathogen. With the aim of identification of the A.butzleri from poultry meat supplied in the slaughterhouses and retail stores, this study was conducted in the Tonekabon city. 140 samples of the poultry meat, including hen (97 samples), duck (25 samples), Turkey (18 samples) were collected, studied and tested in two levels of slaughterhouse (45 samples) and retail stores (95 samples) full randomly. For the purpose of isolation, preT-KB Technique was used and, in order to identify, phenotyping tests were applied. Out of 140 tested samples, 20 samples, at the rate of 14.28%, were infected with the A.butzleri all of which belonged to the samples of hen meat. The highest rate of infection was observed in skin followed by that in the abdominal contents and, finally, in the meat. Rate of frequency in the slaughter house samples was 17.77% and in the retail stores was 12.63%. The poultries are considered as the main reservoir of the Arcobacters. Presence of this bacterium in the poultry meat of the researched region can increase probability of transfer of this pathogenic agent to human through consumption of the feeding products. Thus, it appears that, in order to control infection with this bacterium in the cycle of production and consumption of the poultry meat, it must be careful sufficiently. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      19 - Study the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of vegetables and salads in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari province in Spring, 2017
      Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi
      Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pa More
      Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province. In this study, 485 samples of vegetable and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. Samples were evaluated by microbial culture and the isolated S. aureus strains were analyzed for the antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. The prevalence rate of S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 16% and 11.91%, respectively. The highest (26.50%) and the lowest (6.72%) contamination rates were observed in Lordegan and Shahrekord cities. A Significant statistical difference was observed for the prevalence of S. aureus between vegetable and salad samples (P<0.05). S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples had the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (95.58%), tetracycline (88.23%), ampicillin (79.41%), erythromycin (72.05%) and methicillin (70.58%) antibiotics. The lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was reported against imipenem (7.35%), chloramphenicol (22.05%), cotrimoxazol (26.47%) and co-amxiclave (29.41%). Judicious prescription of antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion method can reduce the risk of resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      20 - Study the frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province
      Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi
      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to asses More
      Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to assess the prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance pattern, and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples. In this study, 485 samples of vegetables and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. The microbial culture was used to isolate S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant strains were approved using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. Antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes were analyzed using disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 7.2% and 8.51%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains had the highest antibiotic resistance against penicillin (100%), co-amoxiclav (100%), ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (100%) antibiotics. The prevalence of resistance against imipenem (10.52%) and chloramphenicol (23.68%) was lower than other antibiotics. SEA (63.15%) and SEB (52.26%) were the most frequently detected enterotoxins in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The simultaneous presence of multiple enterotoxin encoding genes and multiple resistance against several antibiotics in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable, and salad samples represent an important health-related concern in this kind of food samples. Preventing uncontrolled administration of antibiotics can reduce the risk of enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant S. aureus enterotoxin in vegetables and salads. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      21 - Effect of Plant Extracts and Packaging on Control of Microbial Property and Antioxidant Activity of Basil
      narjes mansouri Mohammad Moghaddam fatemeh kazemi masomeh bahraini Hussain Aroiee
      In order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and c More
      In order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and cellophane packaging on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of basil. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of green tea and Khorasani thyme were prepared. Basil leaves were exposed to concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 percent of the extracts for 15 minutes. Then they were placed in the packaging of cellophane and zip-plast and storage with a relative humidity of 85% and a temperature of 7°C. Reduced bacterial count was measured after basil treatment by the different concentrations mentioned in both extracts. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity basil were measured during the storage period for four periods. 40% concentration of green tea extract reduced the Enterobacteriaceae by 4.48 logarithms in basil samples. Extract concentration of 40% Khorasan thyme and green tea were able to bring coliform bacteria population to zero. In the survey of total phenolic content of basil during storage showed 10% concentration of Khorasan thyme extract at zip-plast packaging and in antioxidant activity of basil samples, 10% concentration of both extracts in zip-plast packaging had the least changes compared to fresh basil. In addition, green tea and Khorasan thyme extracts as natural compounds with high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, along with zip-plast packaging, can be considered for increasing the shelf-life and reducing the microbial pollution of basil Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      22 - High tetracycline resistance alarm in Iran
      sahar nouri Mohammad Nodargah
      The bacterial resistance to antibiotics have become a worldwide health concern. Tetracycline has not been excluded, its low price and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent activity have led to high consumption in the aspects of health care and food hygiene. Escherichia col More
      The bacterial resistance to antibiotics have become a worldwide health concern. Tetracycline has not been excluded, its low price and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent activity have led to high consumption in the aspects of health care and food hygiene. Escherichia coli is an indicator of bacterial species in food, human, and livestock health, which has led to a good model for studying antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the E.coli strains tetracycline resistance status in food, human and animal populations of Iran up to 2018. The discussion about food is important as a common area of human, animal populations and environment and also as one of the resistant strain transmission factors. A survey of the study’s results showed that the average resistance to Tetracycline in poultry with Colibacillosis 86/74 percent, human isolates 64/11 percent and food isolates are 60/9 percent. Regarding this level of resistance, it is recommended that the distribution and consumption of tetracycline in Iran should be discontinue for a period of time in order to reduce the population of resistant strains by other antibiotics and methods. The molecular epidemiology and affecting factors of resistance creation should be evaluate. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      23 - Fish-borne parasites: A review on the reports from Iran
      Hossein Momeni Mehdi Raissy Masoumeh Bashiri Maryam Barzegar Mahsa Ansari
      A high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites More
      A high number of parasites can infect fish, and some can be transmitted to humans. Human or fish-eating mammals can be the main host of these parasites. Today, more than 40 species of fish-borne parasites have been identified, causing disease in humans. These parasites can be classified as protozoa, trematode, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. Infection in humans usually occurs following the consumption of larvae-infected meat. The possibility and the rate of infection directly relate to different criteria, including the fish consumption rate, level of hygiene, feeding habits, and methods of cooking or processing. In this article, having discussed the fish-borne parasites, the reports of zoonotic parasites from fish in Iran have been discussed. Manuscript profile
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      24 - Genotyping of Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains isolated from raw ruminant and poultry meat samples by RAPD-PCR
      Mandana Lotfi Hassan Momtaz Elahe Tajbakhsh
      Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important enteric pathogenic strains that is usually transmitted to humans through contaminated water and food. These strains cause hemorrhagic colitis, HUS syndrome, cytopenic purpura thrombosis, and, in some cases, death. Th More
      Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important enteric pathogenic strains that is usually transmitted to humans through contaminated water and food. These strains cause hemorrhagic colitis, HUS syndrome, cytopenic purpura thrombosis, and, in some cases, death. The main repository of these bacteria is ruminants. The aim of this study was genetic classification (genotyping) of isolates of this strain isolated from raw meat and poultry by RAPD-PCR method. 344 samples of ruminants and poultry were collected from fresh meat supply centers in Isfahan and Shahrekord. Genetic classification of O157:H7 isolates was performed by the RAPD-PCR method. Of 344 raw meat samples studied, 202 Escherichia coli isolates (58.7%) were isolated. The rate of O157: H7 strain was 17.8% (36 samples). Genetic classification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates showed 9 different profiles among these 36 isolates and found an affinity of 43.7 to 100% among the isolates. This study showed high molecular similarity between E. coli O157: H7 strains isolated from different animals in Isfahan and Shahrekord. It was also found that RAPD-PCR is a simple, fast, and inexpensive method for describing the genetic diversity of different E. coli strains including strain O157:H7. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      25 - Source of the Escherichia Coli O157: H7 Outbreak in Yazd Students -2017
      ali akbar tajfirouzeh SEYYED MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN HOSSEINI seyyed mohammad javad nezamalhosseini mohsen mehdizadeh shahi HAMID AGHABAGHERI mohammad hassan lotfi seyyed alireza pourmazar alireza talebi
      The outbreak of E.coli O157: H7 has been confirmed in human specimens in the spring of 1396 in one of the universities of Yazd. This study was designed to determine the source of infection. This is a case-control study in which 80 patients and 80 healthy students were e More
      The outbreak of E.coli O157: H7 has been confirmed in human specimens in the spring of 1396 in one of the universities of Yazd. This study was designed to determine the source of infection. This is a case-control study in which 80 patients and 80 healthy students were examined. The formal validity and content of the questionnaire used was confirmed by the experts and the outbreak team. For data analysis, binary logistic regression and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were by SPSS-19 software. In this study, cantaloupe syrup with the odds ratio of 47.37 had the highest factor in the incidence of disease. In the next stage, dinner and rice dinner with a chance ratio of 4.25 and 3.12 respectively, remained significantly in the model. Due to the high chance of cantaloupe syrup in this study and the available records such as laboratory confirmation of the presence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in human samples and the report of the outbreak team on the preparation of cantaloupe syrup using a sitting meat grinder and also confirm similar studies in Possibility of presence Escherichia coli in raw foods such as meat, it can be concluded that the source of this outbreak was cantaloupe syrup contaminated with Escherichia coli O157: H7 via meat grinder.Keywords: Outbreak, Escherichia coli, Shiga toxin, O157: H7, Yazd. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      26 - Review of Anisakiasis Disease in Iran from 1970-2019
      Seyed Reza Hosseini Saeed Dadkhah Tehrani
      10.30495/jfm.2021.1897711.1644
      Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the nematode Anisakis caused by eating infected and uncooked fish. Due to the fact that this disease is zoonotic, the necessary health advice should be given to people who tend to eat raw and especially raw foods of different More
      Anisakiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the nematode Anisakis caused by eating infected and uncooked fish. Due to the fact that this disease is zoonotic, the necessary health advice should be given to people who tend to eat raw and especially raw foods of different types of seafood. Based on the search results with the keywords, Iran and Anisakis in information sources and search engines, 24 studies conducted in Iran on Anisakiasis disease were found. This parasite has been reported in Iran to a greater extent than the shores of the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman since 1349, which according to the results obtained in regular reviews, this amount has been higher in the southern regions of the country (Persian Gulf and Oman). Due to the high percentage of contamination in some of the fish studied, up to 97% of the need to pay attention to this parasite for food preparation is more evident. Manuscript profile
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      27 - Introducing an optimal mixture of Origanum majorana, Long pepper, and Areca extracts with the highest level of activity against gene expression of A and B Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins.
      Seyyedjavad Naddafi Ali Mohammadi Sani Esmaeil Ataye Salehi Reza Karazhyan
      10.30495/jfm.2022.1930957.1716
      With the growing awareness of the importance of natural extracts with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, today the food industry is looking for the use these compounds instead of synthetic preservatives. To date, no research has been done to find an optimal mixtu More
      With the growing awareness of the importance of natural extracts with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, today the food industry is looking for the use these compounds instead of synthetic preservatives. To date, no research has been done to find an optimal mixture of Origanum majorana, Long pepper, and Areca extracts against the gene expression of A and B enterotoxins of S. aureus. Therefore, in this study, we are seeking to provide a mixture of these extracts with the highest anti-enterotoxigenic activity using real-time PCR and mixture statistical methods. If successful, we introduce these extracts as an antagonist against the growth of pathogenic bacteria and the gene expression of enterotoxin of S. aureus. In the first stage, the antimicrobial activity of Origanum majorana, Long pepper, and Areca extracts was studied, which Origanum majorana had the highest antimicrobial activity among them. On the other hand, among the tested bacteria, gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive than gram-negative bacteria. The tested extracts had a synergistic effect on each other against the gene expression of A and B enterotoxins of S. aureus. The mixture of extracts including 47% Origanum majorana extract, 27% Long pepper extract, and 26% Areca extract showed the highest activity against the gene expression. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      28 - Prevalence of Cysticercus bovis infection in cattle slaughtered in Isfahan and Shahrekord slaughterhouses by molecular and microscopic methods
      ‪Seyed Reza Hosseini Shahin Nejat
      10.30495/jfm.2022.1949327.1757
      Cysticercus bovis is a neonatal stage of stenosis called Taenia saginata. Laboratory diagnosis is based on the appearance of the parasite and the microscopic examination of the pathology. Misdiagnosis occurs when other parasites, such as Sarcocystis, are present or when More
      Cysticercus bovis is a neonatal stage of stenosis called Taenia saginata. Laboratory diagnosis is based on the appearance of the parasite and the microscopic examination of the pathology. Misdiagnosis occurs when other parasites, such as Sarcocystis, are present or when the parasite is metamorphosed and calcified. Therefore, more accurate tests are necessary to diagnose the parasite. In this study, observational and cross-sectional analysis and diagnosis were performed using PCR and primer method based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene. To investigate the occurrence of cows infected with Cysticercus bovis in Isfahan and Shahrekord, 384 samples of thigh and heart muscle tissues of cows slaughtered in Isfahan and Shahrekord slaughterhouses were tested for Cysticercus bovis infection by molecular methods. Based on the tests performed, 3.64% of the samples were infected with Cysticercus bovis. The results of this study showed that infection of bovine carcasses with Cysticercus bovis is significant and this could increase the incidence of adult worms in the human population. Manuscript profile
    • Open Access Article

      29 - Application of ERIC-PCR method for genetic classification of campylobacter strains isolated from raw milk
      GholamReza Banisharif Mohammad Hosein Marhamatizadeh Hassan Momtaz
      Introduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobac More
      Introduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: 43 isolates of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces were selected and confirmed by ERIC-PCR method. Results: The studied isolates revealed banding patterns ranging from 100 to 2000 open pairs, which were further classified into 5 main profiles with a similarity coefficient of simple matching at a similarity level above 80%. Except for 100% affinity which was observed in 1 case, other isolates had genetic affinity between 54% and 98%. Conclusion: The placement of the studied isolates in several subgroups showed the acceptable discrimination power of the ERIC-PCR technique in Campylobacter genotyping and the presence of different sources of contamination of dairy products with this pathogen. ERIC-PCR method is a simple, fast and low-cost method to describe the genetic diversity of different Campylobacter strains, including Campylobacter jejuni and coli strains. Manuscript profile

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