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      • Open Access Article

        1 - A review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment: pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity, and removal ways from water treatment
        Ghasem Ghorbani Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an op More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes serious problems, it seems necessary to know the pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity and methods of removing it from drinking water. The pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa has been extensively studied and proven to be a multifactorial process, mediated by quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa possess two quorum sensing systems, las and rhl that facilitate cell to cell communication through production of signalling molecules termed autoinducers to target specific receptors for activation. P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to various antibiotics due to a low permeability in the outer membrane, which acts as a selective barrier. However, this bacterium is a highly diverse pathogen that is capable of adaptation to the surrounding environment. When subjected to antibiotic selective pressure, the induced response facilitates bacterial survival and develops antibiotic resistance. literature suggests that the large genome size and genome complexity are responsible for the ability of this bacterium to adapt and thrive in a diverse range of environments. The presence and persistence of these bacteria in environmental waters may pose a great risk to the public health and requires further work to fully characterize and quantify the input of MDR P. aeruginosa strains from the hospitals compared with those originating from the general community or other wastewater related sources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Salmonella contamination of camel meat in various stages of destruction in Isfahan and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari
        Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakeriyan
        Salmonella is a food borne pathogens and pose a public health problem in the world counts. Food poisoning caused by this pathogen with symptoms such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever enteric (typhoid fever) occurs. This study aimed to isolate and More
        Salmonella is a food borne pathogens and pose a public health problem in the world counts. Food poisoning caused by this pathogen with symptoms such as gastroenteritis, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever enteric (typhoid fever) occurs. This study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella typhimurium in various stages of destruction was carried camel meat. For this purpose, a total of 150 samples of camel meat in various stages of destruction (after peeled, after unloading viscera after the wash), (each 50 samples) in return when summer 1395 to winter 1395 the slaughterhouse city Ben Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and the city of Najaf Abad and Esfahan Golden city, were taken. The results showed that 22 of 150 samples of camel meat as species of Salmonella were detected. Using PCR showed that of the 22 positive samples, 3 (2%) Salmonella typhimurium and 19% (6/12) were other species. From the 50 samples collected after unloading viscera 11 positive cases were detected in 2 (4%) are Salmonella typhimurium. After washing the other 50 samples were collected 4 cases (8%) is related to Salmonella spp and Salmonella typhimurium serotypes 4 none of it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Campylobacter spp. as a Potential Pathogen in the edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms )
        Amir Shakerian
        AbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of More
        AbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in edible mushrum at 2014 year in stores and retail market of Shahrekord city, Central of Iran. All of the samples were cultured in enrichment and specific bacteriological media and then use for Polymerase Chaine Reaction (PCR) method for detection Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Out of 100 samples, 15 % were positive due to Campylobacter spp. From 15 samples positive, 13.3 % and 86.7 % were positive to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. Therefore the consumption of raw edible mushrum to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli constitutes health hazard for human in this city.Keywords: Campylobacter spp., Edible Mushrum, Retail market, PCR, ShahreKord,Iran Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Review of Brucella contamination in Milk and its products of Iran
        Amir Shakerian sahar nouri Mohammad Nodargah
        Brucellosis or Malta-Fever, is a zoonotic disease that cause by gram negative brucella bacteria and is a serious health problem in the Mediterranean area. It usually transmitted to humans from livestock or tainted livestock products. Brucellosis in humans followed by co More
        Brucellosis or Malta-Fever, is a zoonotic disease that cause by gram negative brucella bacteria and is a serious health problem in the Mediterranean area. It usually transmitted to humans from livestock or tainted livestock products. Brucellosis in humans followed by consumption of raw milk, its products and soft cooked meat. It’s endemic as well as in our country and it has increased in recent years. Regarding the health of milk and its products due to the high value in humans food is paramount important and contamination of milk and its products from important ways of disease transferring, therefore in this article provides overview of dairy-products contamination as one the important transfer ways since 1948 to 2016. There are several methods to diagnose, but in recent years, according to the molecular methods such as PCR or serology ones as ELISA due to the sensitivity and a high degree of accuracy are payed attention. Prevention, control and eradicate program of brucellosis have been different according to the economic condition various in countries and broadly eradicate and control of brucellosis is important from tow aspects of health and economic. Raise up awareness of poultry- mans and educating consumers by the mass media and raise up awareness about transferable disease from milk and its products can be useful. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Study the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of vegetables and salads in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari province in Spring, 2017
        Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi
        Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pa More
        Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province. In this study, 485 samples of vegetable and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. Samples were evaluated by microbial culture and the isolated S. aureus strains were analyzed for the antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. The prevalence rate of S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 16% and 11.91%, respectively. The highest (26.50%) and the lowest (6.72%) contamination rates were observed in Lordegan and Shahrekord cities. A Significant statistical difference was observed for the prevalence of S. aureus between vegetable and salad samples (P<0.05). S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples had the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (95.58%), tetracycline (88.23%), ampicillin (79.41%), erythromycin (72.05%) and methicillin (70.58%) antibiotics. The lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was reported against imipenem (7.35%), chloramphenicol (22.05%), cotrimoxazol (26.47%) and co-amxiclave (29.41%). Judicious prescription of antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion method can reduce the risk of resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Study the frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province
        Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi
        Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to asses More
        Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to assess the prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance pattern, and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples. In this study, 485 samples of vegetables and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. The microbial culture was used to isolate S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant strains were approved using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. Antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes were analyzed using disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 7.2% and 8.51%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains had the highest antibiotic resistance against penicillin (100%), co-amoxiclav (100%), ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (100%) antibiotics. The prevalence of resistance against imipenem (10.52%) and chloramphenicol (23.68%) was lower than other antibiotics. SEA (63.15%) and SEB (52.26%) were the most frequently detected enterotoxins in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The simultaneous presence of multiple enterotoxin encoding genes and multiple resistance against several antibiotics in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable, and salad samples represent an important health-related concern in this kind of food samples. Preventing uncontrolled administration of antibiotics can reduce the risk of enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant S. aureus enterotoxin in vegetables and salads. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Study the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from poultry meat in Isfahan in the summer of 2019
        reza mousavi Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian
        Poultry meat is considered as one of the sources of Escherichia coli O157. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolates of poultry meat samples presented in Isfahan. In total, 500 meat samples wer More
        Poultry meat is considered as one of the sources of Escherichia coli O157. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolates of poultry meat samples presented in Isfahan. In total, 500 meat samples were collected from diverse poultry samples supplied in Isfahan and evaluated for the presence of Escherichia coli O157 using microbial culture. Suspicious isolates were confirmed by PCR test. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates was investigated using the antibiotic disk diffusion test. Forty-four out of a total of 500 samples (8.80%) were contaminated with Escherichia coli O157. The highest level of contamination was related to duck meat (16%) and the lowest was related to quail meat (3%). There was a statistically significant difference of P Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of meat of various birds infected with Arcobacter in sales centers of Isfahan province in four seasons of 2018
        roya najafi ebrahim rahimi Amir Shakerian
        The genus Arcobacter, along with Campylobacter, belongs to the family Campylobacteriaceae. Arcobacteria are gram-negative, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic bacteria that can be distinguished from Campylobacter genus by growing in the presence of oxygen and at low temp More
        The genus Arcobacter, along with Campylobacter, belongs to the family Campylobacteriaceae. Arcobacteria are gram-negative, non-spore-forming, microaerophilic bacteria that can be distinguished from Campylobacter genus by growing in the presence of oxygen and at low temperatures.These rod-shaped bacteria are S-shaped or spiral. Arcobacter butzleri is the most common species of this genus; it is known as an emerging zoonotic pathogen. The main aim of the present research was to evaluate the prevalence of Arcobacter butzleri in the poultry meat sold in the sales centers of Isfahan province.More specifically, this study examined different types of poultry meat for their potential infection with Arcobacter species. Accordingly , the samples were collected in Isfahan province during four seasons; then they were transferred with ice to the Food Quality Control Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord branch.For the isolation of Arcobacter species, 10 g of each homogenized sample of meat was transferred to Arcobacter selective broth (ASB), which included the selected CAT supplement , and incubated for 2-4 days at 42 ° C; then the blood agar was cultured linearly in specific Arcobacter media. The plates were incubated for 2-4 days at the temperature of 42 ° C under aerobic conditions.Typical colonies were cultured in Brucella Agar medium under the same conditions; then the pure cultures were evaluated in terms of their phenotypic characteristics, catalase activity and nitrate reduction. To confirm the diagnosis and differentiation of Arcobacter species, DNA extraction was carried out by applying a DNA extraction kit Manuscript profile