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Open Access Article
1 - Barriers to Investors' Willingness to Invest in TV Programs (Case Study of Hamedan Broadcasting Center)
Ali Asghari Sarem Medi BahadourianThe purpose of this research is to provide solutions to increase the motivation of investors to invest in television programs. In order to achieve this goal, an attempt has been made to identify barriers to investors' willingness to invest in television programs. This s MoreThe purpose of this research is to provide solutions to increase the motivation of investors to invest in television programs. In order to achieve this goal, an attempt has been made to identify barriers to investors' willingness to invest in television programs. This study was applied research. In the first step, in the qualitative part, by using interviews, the obstacles to investors' desire to invest in TV programs are identified. In this step, the research participants included 12 experts, including producers, staff managers and investors. In the second step, in the quantitative part, using the Delphi technique, 224 people were referred to the statistical population to prioritize them. The sample size was 141 people. The results showed that the three main obstacles to investors' willingness to invest in television programs with the provincial network of Hamedan were the multiplicity of less expensive parallel media, investor distrust of the effectiveness of such advertisements and the unattractiveness of television competitions, respectively. Therefore, in order to make investors want to invest in network applications, it is better to first pay attention to the obstacles that exist in the network and the developers and try to eliminate them. In this case, the network capacity can be increased for investors to be willing to invest. Also, informing investors about the types of advertisements in the national media is not ineffective in this way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of brand interest and willingness to buy
Soheila Zarinjoy alvar Donya BaviPurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of interest in the brand and willingness to buy (case study of Araz sports products). Methodology: In MorePurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of paying attention to the digital space on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of interest in the brand and willingness to buy (case study of Araz sports products). Methodology: In terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied research, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey research and in terms of time, and since the researcher investigates the effect of the independent variable on the dependent, therefore this The nature of the research is causal-descriptive research. The data collection method is also field. The population of this research includes the consumers of Araz brand sports products in Abadan city, and due to the unlimited population, we used Cochran's formula to calculate the number of sample members. Based on this, the number of the examined sample was 384 people (questionnaire) and we used the online distribution of the Kim (2020) questionnaire to collect data. For the reliability of the questionnaire, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient and for its validity, we used the analytical factor verification method. The results of the research hypotheses have been tested using Lisrel software. Findings: The results showed that paying attention to the digital space has an effect on consumer decision-making with the mediating role of brand interest and willingness to buy. Also, sports brands, including Iranian brands, need to install digital devices in stores to create a digital space to speed up the decision-making process of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Estimating The Tourism Value Of Tabriz Elgoli Park With The Use Of Contingent Valuation Method
منیره دیزجی میر حجت نجفی نسب حسین شررخواهElgoli park which is located in East Azerbaijan province named as one of the important tourism and promenade zone of Iran due to its numerous natural places. Studying Tourism value of this place could be useful in predicting needs, remove scarcities and developmen MoreElgoli park which is located in East Azerbaijan province named as one of the important tourism and promenade zone of Iran due to its numerous natural places. Studying Tourism value of this place could be useful in predicting needs, remove scarcities and development of tourism. The aim of this research is estimating the Tourism value of Elgoli park with the use of contingent valuation method. For investigating effective variables on willingness to pay of individuals, Logit model estimated with the use of maximum likelihood approach. Requested data set were obtained by completing questionnaires and interviewing with 322 individuals who visit mentioned place. Results revealed that 93 percent of individuals were ready for paying as a use of the mentioned place. Also, results showed that variables include Income, Education, gender, family size, visit number, age and bid had a significant effect on probability of willingness to pay of individuals. Annual Mean Willingness to pay each family and Tourism value of Elgoli park was 54000 RLs and 20 billion RLs respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The impact of customers' attitudes towards green hotels on their willingness to pay and their recurrence intentions
Mohammad ail abdolvand arezoo naeimi majd ali mohammadzadehPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate The Attitude of consumers about green hotels: how a green hotel image can influence Willingness to pay and Revisit intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research methodology using a questionnaire has MorePurpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate The Attitude of consumers about green hotels: how a green hotel image can influence Willingness to pay and Revisit intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research methodology using a questionnaire has been proposed. To test the model developed we used the Structural equations model (SEM) approach. As noted, all constructs were assessed using 5-point Likert type scales. Findings: The consumers using hotel services are conscious about environmentally friendly practices in IRAN. They patronize the hotels that have adapted green practices though not compromising on service quality. The consumers would prefer to use lodging that follows these practices with willing to pay extra for these services. Also attitude of consumers about green hotels that effect on positive word of mouth and revisit intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The relationship between the marketing of computer games and the willingness to buy with the mediating role of culturalization
dariush tahmasebi ali abediniGiven the widespread market and growing demand in the gaming industry in the country, there are great potential for investment and profitability in this sector against investors and owners of capital. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship be MoreGiven the widespread market and growing demand in the gaming industry in the country, there are great potential for investment and profitability in this sector against investors and owners of capital. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between the marketing of computer games and the desire to purchase with the mediating role of cultural development. This is a correlation study and a questionnaire was used to collect data. Experts, academic professors and expert experts confirmed its content validity. The reliability of the instrument was calculated at an appropriate level by calculating the Cronbach's alpha. A sample of 400 citizens in Tehran's sixth district formed a sample of this study. Sampling method was available in this study. The findings of the study, after analyzing the path, showed that the marketing of computer games had an effect on culture as well as culturalization, but marketing of computer games had no effect on the willingness to buy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Role of Emotional Satisfaction in Customers’ Behavioral Intentions Regarding Service Quality in the Hotel Industry
M. Haghighi H. R. Saeednia Gh. Kianosh GhavimPurpose- The purpose of this paper is to test a conceptual model of the relationship among the constructs of service quality, emotional satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Methodology - The research method is applied in approach and descriptive-survey in method. Th MorePurpose- The purpose of this paper is to test a conceptual model of the relationship among the constructs of service quality, emotional satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Methodology - The research method is applied in approach and descriptive-survey in method. The statistical research population consists of customers of 4 star hotels in Tehran city and 266 questionnaires were distributed among hotels’ customers. Cronbach alpha coefficient estimates the reliability of questionnaire. For analyzing the data, structural equation model and t- student test were used. Findings- There is significant relation among service quality, emotional satisfaction and behavioral intentions variables, but relationship between service quality and behavioral intentions is indirect through emotional satisfaction. The foreign visitors have more satisfaction and more positive behavioral intentions related to the hotel and actual person have more powerful behavioral intentions. Research Limitations- This research just focus on some limited variables and it does not consider other variables that have an influence on customers’ behavioral intentions. Managerial Implications- The study has demonstrated the importance for managers to consider how Service quality influences the customers’ behavioral intentions. In particular, the importance of measuring customers’ emotions arise from cognitive appraisals of service quality can be a good predictor for customers’ behavioral intentions. Originality/Valve- The research provides valuable insights into the role of emotional satisfaction in the hotel service experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Impact of Brand Credibility on Customers’ Loyalty from the Appliances Buyers Perspective
S. Ghorbani Ghavidel S. M. Shabgo MonsefDue to the fact that acquiring new customers is much costly than establishing a broader and deeper relationship with existing customers, the concept of customers’ loyalty and brand recognition are important factors. One of the factors that create and i MoreDue to the fact that acquiring new customers is much costly than establishing a broader and deeper relationship with existing customers, the concept of customers’ loyalty and brand recognition are important factors. One of the factors that create and increase customers’ loyalty commitment is brand credibility. Brand credibility is one of the most valuable assets of any company. Brands which bring additional credibility to customers can achieve a special place in consumers' minds. This is a descriptive – correlational with a casual approach and in terms of purpose it is an applied study. In this study, the relationship between brand credibility (that is defined as the trustworthiness and expertise) as the independent variable and satisfaction, commitment to loyalty and continuance commitment as dependent variables were investigated. The relationship between satisfaction, loyalty and commitment with willingness to change and oral recommendations to purchase as an independent variables and the relationship between commitment and willingness to change were tested. The population size in this study include all consumers of appliance products in Rasht. Stratified random sampling, a form of stratified sampling and proportional to size, is used. Data were collected from 412 completed questionnaires filled by household consumers. Hypotheses were tested by structural equation modeling methods and the results are as follow: Brand credibility has a direct impact on satisfaction, commitment, commitment to loyalty and continuous commitment. Satisfaction has a direct impact on commitment and oral recommendations to purchase. Satisfaction will reduce consumers willingness to brand change. Commitment to loyalty has no impact on the two dependent variables namely willingness to brand change and oral recommendations to purchase. Continuous commitment has no impact on willingness to brand change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluating the Factors Affecting the Consumption of Shiraz Consumers to Benefit from Organic Tomato Product Application of Hackman Two-Step Method
Navid Kargar Dehbidi Habib Ansari SamaniBackground and Objective: Excessive reliance on external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides and the indiscriminate exploitation of soil and water resources is considered a serious threat to the quality of the environment. In this regard various sciences are looki MoreBackground and Objective: Excessive reliance on external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides and the indiscriminate exploitation of soil and water resources is considered a serious threat to the quality of the environment. In this regard various sciences are looking farming methods that could be a good alternative to protect human health and the environment. Organic farming is a viable alternative between conventional agricultural systems to safeguard food security in the world in general and in developing countries is specifically mentioned. This study was conducted on the product market organic tomatoes, for this purpose some random questionnaire from the city of Shiraz was collected in 1395. Methods: In this study, Heckman two-stage method is used. Findings: The results show that consumers' willingness to pay around 2442/2 Rial had more than non-organic tomatoes. Variables of gender, age, education, household income and the distance from the place of purchase organic products have had a significant impact on people's willingness to pay. So that other than variables of gender and distance from place of purchase that is negatively correlated with willingness to pay more for organic products, other variables positively correlated with willingness to pay. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is suggested that in order to better access people to these products, by adopting policies, distribution networks should be further expanded in different urban areas. Also, considering the importance of people's health at all ages, it is necessary to adopt promotional and educational policies to lead the tastes of younger people to consume organic products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Water Pollution Averting Expenditures (Case Study of Ahvaz City)
َAmir Hossein Montazer-Hojat Mohammad MohebiBackground and Objective: Health is one of the issues with a great significance for all members of a society. People always try to protect themselves from harmful effects of pollution; hence, the averting behavior on their part. The present study has tried to estimate t MoreBackground and Objective: Health is one of the issues with a great significance for all members of a society. People always try to protect themselves from harmful effects of pollution; hence, the averting behavior on their part. The present study has tried to estimate the net potable water pollution averting expenditures for citizens of Ahvaz. Material and Methodology: ­A multinomial logit model was estimated where the water quality parameters (color, odor and taste) were introduced in order to account for both direct desirability and health retention-induced desirability at the same time. In this study, averting behaviors included buying mineral water bottles, commercial treated water containers, and mounting a domestic water treatment system. The respondents’ socioeconomic features were controlled. Awareness of the status quo or a person’s prior experience with tap water pollution was introduced as the perceived risk variable. Findings: The results showed that the individuals’ willingness to [pay for tap water replacements were 1350, 1105, and 382 thousand Rials for mineral water, commercial treated water containers, and home water treatment systems, respectively. Additionally, it was found that expenses made for mineral and home- treated waters overestimated the averting costs. Figures obtained for annual net averting expenditures were 1890, 1548, and 534 billion Rials for mineral water, commercial treated water, and home- treated water, respectively. Summing up those three figures, the overall net averting expenditures were 3972 billion Rials which indicated the imposition of a huge cost on the society. Discussion and Conclusion: The obtained figure can be used as a basis in cost-benefit analysis of water treatment plant improvement projects in Ahvaz, as well as payment of environmental subsidies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Estimation the Recreational Value of Maroon Beach Park by Using Contingent Valuation (A case study: Maroon Beach Park in Behbahan)
navid zamani roughayeh tarahi IMan danaei farBackground and Objective: Determining the true value of environmental resources is important because of their performance and environmental services and their optimal management. Economists have recently recognized the role of natural resources and the environment in hu MoreBackground and Objective: Determining the true value of environmental resources is important because of their performance and environmental services and their optimal management. Economists have recently recognized the role of natural resources and the environment in human well-being, and have made great efforts to value environmentally friendly goods and services. Maroon Beach Park in Behbahan is one of the important resorts in this city. The purpose of this study is to estimate the recreational value of Maroon Coastal Park using the conditional valuation method. Method:The results showed that the average of WTP for person to visit the park is 3243/7 Rials and households’ WTP is 133510/70 Rials. Result: Daily, monthly and annual average concentrations map were prepared according to the daily data of these pollutants in the years 93 and 94. As a result, spatial and temporal analysis of distribution of PM 2.5 and PM 10 contaminants in Tehran was made Discussion and Conculation: The results show that willingness to pay for use of recreational is low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Estimation of willingness to pay environmental tax on gasoline by conditional valuation model (CVM) in Mashhad
zahra arbabi vahid dehbashi hadi esmaeilpour moghadam Javad naserianBackground and Objective: Increasing awareness and concerns about environmental damages has led communities to take solutions to this problem. Taxation of pollutant emissions is one of the strategies recommended by economists to achieve some of the environmental objecti MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing awareness and concerns about environmental damages has led communities to take solutions to this problem. Taxation of pollutant emissions is one of the strategies recommended by economists to achieve some of the environmental objectives and eliminate contamination. The purpose of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay an environmental tax on gasoline. Method: In this study, a conditional valuation method (CVM) is used to measure individuals' willingness to pay for goods and services. The statistical population of this research is gasoline-fueled cars in Mashhad in 2017, due to the lack of information on the number of vehicles, the number of unlimited society has been considered. In this study, 500 people were selected by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. It’s validity was confirmed using content validity. Findings: The results indicate that 77 percent of all respondents tend to pay environmental taxes on urban air, while 22 percent of the population are not willing to pay any amount under the name of the pollution tax. Approximately 3% have not been self-reported regarding their willingness to pay. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the research findings, environmental beliefs has a positive and significant effect on the willingness to pay tax on gasoline; therefore, it is suggested that cultural and informational platforms be developed before clarifying the need for environmental taxes before planning for such a tax. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigation and determination of influential factors on small industries’ willingness to pay (WTP) in order to reduce the environmental pollutions (Case study: Sari County)
Hamid Amirnejad Hamed RafieeBecause of less supervision on small industries, environmental standards are applied in lower degrees and as a result, the environment will become comparatively more polluted. In this regards, 32 small industrial centers in city of Sari were investigated by cluster bran MoreBecause of less supervision on small industries, environmental standards are applied in lower degrees and as a result, the environment will become comparatively more polluted. In this regards, 32 small industrial centers in city of Sari were investigated by cluster branch sampling and contingent valuation method (CVM), and consequently, the effects of different variables on industries’ willingness to pay in order to reduce the environmental pollution were identified. Results of estimation showed that the higher effect in acceptation of bids is related to industries monthly income. By one percent of income growth, probability for acceptation of bids for environmental preservation was increased by 0.4124 units. In this study, variables such as industrial pollution, managers’ environmental information, managers’ level of education, indigenous managers, and industrial monthly income showed positive and significant effect in acceptation of bid for environmental preservation in the province. Conversely, variables of constant industries’ capital, number of industrial labors, and the amount of offered bid and average of salaries showed negative significant effect in this regards. By application of CVM estimation, annual and monthly WTP of small industries in order to preserve environment was estimated at 180842.55 and 2170110.60 Rials, respectively. Thereafter, these quantities can be used in taxation and persuasive guidelines towards the reduction of environmental pollutions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Estimating the Recreational Value and Determining Effective Parameters on Willingness to Pay of Saint Stephanus Church Visitors by applying Two Stages Heckman Approach
Mohammad Khodaverdizadeh Babollah Hayati Hossein Raheli Mohammad Kavoosi KalashamiSaint Stephanus church is one of the famous churches of North-West of Iran located in boarder ofAras River. Mentioned place is one the tourism and promenade zone in East Azerbaijan province thathas incredible potential and capacities due to its environmental perspective MoreSaint Stephanus church is one of the famous churches of North-West of Iran located in boarder ofAras River. Mentioned place is one the tourism and promenade zone in East Azerbaijan province thathas incredible potential and capacities due to its environmental perspective and recreational aspect.So, investigating recreational value of this place could be useful in predicting needs, removingscarcities and development of tourism industry in East Azerbaijan province. The main characteristic ofpresent study was separating effective parameters for existence of recreational value and wtp levels byapplying two stages Heckman approach. Requested data set were obtained by completingquestionnaires and interviewing with 317 individuals who visit mentioned church in 2008. Resultsrevealed that variables include revenues, education, family size and dummy variable of sex wereeffective on existing of wtp and variables such as revenues, family size, education, age and dummyvariable of satisfying with welfare facilities were dominant on wtp level. Mean wtp for each visitoracquired 4800 RLs per year and annual recreational value of Saint Stephanos church was 1344 millionRLs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation and Determination of Recreation Value Function of Soleyman-Tangeh Touring Region in Sari
Hamid Amirnejad Hamed RafieeAttention to the importance of natural and ecological resources in Iran, considering non-market value of environment, would lead to better perception of its real functions. So, recreation value of Soleyman-tangeh tourism region in Mazandaran province and factors effecti MoreAttention to the importance of natural and ecological resources in Iran, considering non-market value of environment, would lead to better perception of its real functions. So, recreation value of Soleyman-tangeh tourism region in Mazandaran province and factors effecting individual willingness to pay were analyzed utilizing contingent valuation method. Legit regression model applied to determine effects of related factor using maximum likelihood approach. Results show that income and household size variables have positive and significant effect on willingness to pay while bid and age variables have negative effects. Probability of accepting proposed amount would decrease when the number of women exceeds men visitors. Age and sex variables had the most elasticity and marginal effects, respectively. Willingness to pay for recreation use of Soleyman-tangeh tourism area was estimated 1674.129 Rials per person and 5340.472 Rials per family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Application of the open-ended approach to estimate the ecotourism value of Javaherdeh Village in Mazandaran province
Mahkameh Moosa Soroushi Mohammad Kavoosi Kalashami MohammadHossein menhajThis study presents an application of the open-ended approach to estimate the ecotourism value of Javaherdeh Village in Mazandaran province. The Two-stage Heckman Method was used to analysis data for separating the factors affecting the existence of willingness to pay ( MoreThis study presents an application of the open-ended approach to estimate the ecotourism value of Javaherdeh Village in Mazandaran province. The Two-stage Heckman Method was used to analysis data for separating the factors affecting the existence of willingness to pay (WTP) of visitors and factors affecting the amount of willingness to pay for the Javaherdeh village. Therefore, using data from the pre-test questionnaires and Mitchell and Carson approach, 220 visitors were determined as the study sample. Requested data set were obtained by completing questionnaires and interviewing with individuals who visited the mentioned village in spring 2015. The results showed that the variables including satisfaction with welfare and recreational facilities, household monthly income, and gender were statistically significant at 1% level; variable of age was statistically significant at 10% level affecting on the amount of willingness to pay only; While overnight staying experience was statistically significant at 10% level and variables including the number of annual visits and visitors attitude index were statistically significant at 1% level in the first stage (existence of WTP) and also in the second stage (amount of WTP). The expected willingness to pay of each household for each visit was estimated equivalent to 37,613 Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the Relationship between the Perception of Safety and Security in Urban Sports Tourism and Its Effect on the Intention to Return to the Destination
Majid Amini Bagher Morsal Ali Fahiminejad Seyed Mostafa Tayebi SaniThe purpose of this research is to understand the safety and security in urban tourism and its effect on the intention to return to the destination, which was done case by case in the city of Mashhad. This research is applied and the method is descriptive-correlation. T MoreThe purpose of this research is to understand the safety and security in urban tourism and its effect on the intention to return to the destination, which was done case by case in the city of Mashhad. This research is applied and the method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this research includes all tourists of recreational and sports places in Mashhad. The statistical sample based on Cochran's formula (with an error of 0.05) was considered equal to 384 people. The results showed that the highest average related to the component "If I travel to this region in the future, I will visit this tourist destination" with 4.10 and the lowest average related to the component "This destination will be my first choice in the future" with 88. It is 3. The results of the box test showed that the effect of gender among the respondents on the subscales of the perception of sports tourists in terms of safety and security of the destination is not significant. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANVA) in the group of sports tourists showed that age has a significant effect on some variables, and as a result, the research hypothesis is accepted. Also, the factor of the number of visits could not affect all the variables at the same time. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in the group of sports tourists showed that the number of visits has no significant effect on their perception of the safety and security of the tourist destination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The model of variables affecting brand love and commitment and its impact on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in smart phone users
hadi seyedfazli Vahidreza mirabi karim hamdiThe aim of this study was evaluating the model of variables affecting brand love and commitment and its impact on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in smart phone users. The research design was a relational and structural equation modeling. The st MoreThe aim of this study was evaluating the model of variables affecting brand love and commitment and its impact on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in smart phone users. The research design was a relational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all smartphone users. For sampling, 180 students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, who were users of smart phones with Apple, Samsung and Huawei brands, were selected by simple random sampling. Assessment tools included questionnaires of brand love (Unal & Aydin, 2013), brand experience (Brakus et al, 2009), brand trust (Delgado-Ballester et al, 2003), brand identification (Lam et al, 2010), commitment to Brand (Fullerton, 2005), brand loyalty (Japutra & Molinillo, 2017) and willingness to pay more (Chaudhuri & Ligas, 2009). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there are significant relationships between the variables of brand experience, diversity, brand image, brand social self and brand trust with brand love, and between the variables of brand social self and brand trust with brand commitment (p < 0.05). The results also showed that there are significant relationships between diversity, brand trust, brand love and brand commitment with brand loyalty, between love and brand commitment with a desire to pay more, and between brand love with word of mouth (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effectiveness of Aerobics Exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women
najmeh hamid Mojtaba AHMADI FARSANI leila BakhsiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobics exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of depressed MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobics exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of depressed women who referred to counseling centers and psychiatric offices in 2017. Based on clinical interviews, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, obtaining a standard deviation higher than the mean in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), include and exclude criteria were selected. They were matched in terms of age, sex, socioeconomic status, lack of acute physical and psychological diseases, and other variables considered in this study. 30 of them were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instruments used included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Newfoundland Happiness Scale (Monsh), and the Enthusiasm for Communication Scale. The experimental group participated in sports program that included aerobics exercise for 12 weeks, three hours each week, but no intervention was performed on the control group. All subjects completed the pre-test scales of happiness at Newfoundland University and the willing to communicate in the two pre- and post-test stages. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of happiness and willing to communicate (p <0.001). The rate of happiness and willing to communicate significantly increased in experimental group in comparison with pretest and control group. Therefore, it can be said that bodybuilding and aerobics increase happiness and the willing to communicate with depressed women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Reticence and Willingness to Communicate to Predict Daily Class Participation Among Iranian and Iraqi-Kurdistan Kurdish EFL Learners
Hameed Hamasaid Habib Soleimani Atta Hamamorad -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and Meta-Cognitive on Students' Self-Directed Learning
محمد علی نادی مریم گردانشکن محسن گلپرورThis study aimed to assess effects of training critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive on students' self- directed learning. Fifty undergraduate student of Islamic Azad university of Khorasgan were selected randomly and then they divided randomly into ex MoreThis study aimed to assess effects of training critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive on students' self- directed learning. Fifty undergraduate student of Islamic Azad university of Khorasgan were selected randomly and then they divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Test group were trained about critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive in 6 sessions. Fischer et al' scale (2001) was used as an instrument for measuring self- directed learning before and after training. Data analysis was done using analysis of covariance. Research findings indicated a significant impact of teaching critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive on the total scores of self- directed learning and its components (self-management, desire for learning, and self control). According to the data analysis, training critical thinking, problem solving and meta-cognitive will increase total score of self- directed learning and its components (self-management, desire for learning, and self control). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - توسعه فعالیت ها ی تعاملی خود نظارتی، خودتنظیمی و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط با استفاده از ابزار ICT در دانشجویان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی
Fereshte Abkhoo Roya Baharlooei Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaeiاین مطالعه طراحی ترکیبی برای به دست آوردن بینشی در مورد تکالیف تعاملی در حال توسعه در دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی زبان انگلیسی از نظر خود نظارتی، خودتنظیمی و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط در سیستم آموزشی انجام شده است. این مطالعه دادهها را با استفاده از پرسشنامههای سنجش مقیاس خو Moreاین مطالعه طراحی ترکیبی برای به دست آوردن بینشی در مورد تکالیف تعاملی در حال توسعه در دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی زبان انگلیسی از نظر خود نظارتی، خودتنظیمی و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط در سیستم آموزشی انجام شده است. این مطالعه دادهها را با استفاده از پرسشنامههای سنجش مقیاس خود نظارتی (SMS)، مقیاس یادگیری زبان خودتنظیمی (SRLS) و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط (WTC) جمعآوری کرد تا تفاوتهای نمرات تعاملی 40 دانشآموز در یک گروه آزمایشی را با روش تعاملی محاسبه کند. نمرات 40 دانش آموز در یک گروه کنترل. این مطالعه یک روش کیفی مبتنی بر مصاحبه را با فراگیران زبان انگلیسی اتخاذ کرد که در تحقیق شرکت کردند و تا چه حد میتوانستند به آموزش دست یابند و با یافتههای قابل توجهی دریافت کنند. بر این اساس، مطالعه به عنوان ارزیابی شخصیت، مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته را با 40 دانش آموز در یک گروه آزمایشی و 40 دانش آموز در گروه کنترل برای بررسی باورهای انگیزشی دانش آموزان و نگرش آنها نسبت به فعالیت هاتعاملی مؤثر بر عملکرد آنها در یادگیری و کمک به آنها در برقراری ارتباط موفق ایجاد کرد. . با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، با استفاده از آزمون تی نمونه مستقل، تکالیف تعاملی می تواند آموزش مناسب و توسعه حرفه ای را تسهیل کند. یافته اصلی مطالعه مربوط به تأثیر فعالیت های تعاملی در بهبود نگرش مثبت نسبت به فعالیت هاتعاملی بود و برای یادگیری زبان مفید بود. بر اساس تجزیه و تحلیل نگرشی به عنوان نتایج این مطالعه، با استفاده از نمونه مصاحبه رونویسی شده با کدگذاری (یک عصاره) به وضوح مشخص شد که دانش آموزان با فعالیت هاتعاملی عمدتاً از دانش آموزان با آموزش معمولی بهتر عمل می کنند. علاوه بر این، یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد که پیشرفت دانشآموزان از نظر انگیزه، خودمختاری و توانمندی بهبود یافته است که به یادگیری آنها کمک میکند. با این حال، این مطالعه نشان داد که معلمان می توانند صحبت های مشارکتی تحصیلی و همچنین رفتار اجتماعی- عاطفی دانش آموزان را در محیط های آموزشی و یادگیری خود برای به اشتراک گذاشتن احساس امنیت، ریسک کردن و لذت بردن از تأثیرات سازنده افزایش دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Willingness to Communicate in L2: Theoretical Roots and Pedagogical Implications
Maryam Azmand Mostafa Zamanian -
Open Access Article
23 - Willingness to Communicate in the Second Language Acquisition: A Case Study on Iranian 2-Year Old Kids
Parviz Maftoon Mehrdad Amiri -
Open Access Article
24 - Factors Influencing Willingness to Consume Safe Products in Tabriz County, Case Study: Cucumber and Tomato
Azadeh Falsafian Mehri Faal AmandCurrently, conventional agriculture focuses on the production of agricultural products with excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, while reports from health organizations and environmentalists point to the harmful effects of this type of agriculture on human healt MoreCurrently, conventional agriculture focuses on the production of agricultural products with excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, while reports from health organizations and environmentalists point to the harmful effects of this type of agriculture on human health and the environment. One of the most important bases for the development of the consumption of safe products is their acceptance by consumers. Considering the high proportion of cucumbers and tomatoes in the household food basket, the present study investigated the factors influencing the willingness to consume safe cucumbers and tomatoes in Tabriz county. For this purpose, the required data was collected by filling out a questionnaire from 345 households selected by a proportional stratified random sampling procedure. Descriptive results showed that the consumption of safe Cucumber and Tomato is low in Tabriz county. Based on the results of the estimated logit model, family size had a negative influence and age, education level, income level, presence in the household of persons with a professional or educational background in nutrition, the company of persons with a history of diseases caused by the consumption of chemical pesticides in the kinship, awareness index, opinion index, and access and information index had a positive influence on the willingness to consume safe cucumbers and tomatoes.The increase of awareness and development of general public opinion about the benefits of safe products through the media and schools, as well as the expansion of safe product supply centers and the support of the prices of these products by the government, are influential factors in the development of safe produce consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Economic Valuation of Walnut Dust Damage on the Agricultural Sector: A review
Alireza keikha Vahid Pourmardan Hossein JanparvarThe dust has become one of the most dominant environmental crises in some parts of the world especially in Sistan and Nimrooz in recent decades due to the increase in severity, duration and frequency of its occurrence. This study aims to evaluate the economic damage of MoreThe dust has become one of the most dominant environmental crises in some parts of the world especially in Sistan and Nimrooz in recent decades due to the increase in severity, duration and frequency of its occurrence. This study aims to evaluate the economic damage of the dust on the agricultural sector in Nimrooz city through the assessing of its impact on the agricultural sector. To collect required data, a questionnaires were developed in which not only some questions of people's willingness to pay for their support and protection to deal with dust were included but also a number of questions about their demographic characteristics were added. After data gathering step, we use Logistic regression model and perform the model by the maximum likelihood approach. The results showed that 82% of the surveyed people have shown some willing to pay to deal with dust damage. The average willingness to pay is 377060 Rial per month. The results also showed that the dust is the most important problem for the residents of Nimrooz city and most people in the region. They also want to actively participate in controlling dust besides their willingness to pay. In this regard, it is suggested that due to the importance and participation of people in dust control, policy makers use the results of this study for better planning to control dust pollution Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - ارزشگذاری منابع آب زیرزمینی در مصارف کشاورزی، مطالعه موردی: شهرستان بیجار
سمیه ذوالفقاری احمد قیدیبخش کشاورزی از اهمیت ویژه ای در شهرستان بیجار برخوردار است. عمده ترین منبع تأمین کننده آب بخش کشاورزی در این منطقه، منابع آب زیرزمینی می باشد که به دلیل بهره برداری بیش از حد از آن، میزان افت سالانه سطح این منابع قابل توجه است. بنابراین محاسبه ارزش اقتصادی هر واحد آب و Moreبخش کشاورزی از اهمیت ویژه ای در شهرستان بیجار برخوردار است. عمده ترین منبع تأمین کننده آب بخش کشاورزی در این منطقه، منابع آب زیرزمینی می باشد که به دلیل بهره برداری بیش از حد از آن، میزان افت سالانه سطح این منابع قابل توجه است. بنابراین محاسبه ارزش اقتصادی هر واحد آب و محاسبه اثرات جنبی برداشت بیش از حد از منابع آب زیرزمینی در این منطقه از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. بدین منظور در این مطالعه برای برآورد ارزش اقتصادی منابع آب زیرزمینی در مصارف کشاورزی، از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط (CVM) استفاده گردید که با توجه به عدم وجود بازار مشخصی برای آب کشاورزی در ایران و همچنین با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده ازمیزان تمایل به پرداخت، برای برآورد سهم آب مصرفی بر درآمد تولید کنندگان تابع تولید مناسب تخمین زده شد. داده های مورد نیاز از یک نمونه تصادفی مشتمل بر 110 کشاورز در سال آبی 1390 به دست آمد. نتایج حاصل از محاسبات حاکی از آن بود که، میانگین تمایل به پرداخت حقیقی زارعین در ازای هر مترمکعب آب مصرفی مزرعه در شرایط معمولی بارندگی و خشکسالی به ترتیب، 44/274 و 573 تومان می باشد. همچنین مازاد رفاه مصرف کنندگان آب کشاورزی (کشاورزان) در شرایط معمولی و خشکسالی به ترتیب، 16/594 و 23/3553 تومان کاهش می یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A Comparative Study of Male vs. Female Iranian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate and International Posture
Nadia Mahmoodi Naser Ghafoori Seyed Reza Behafarin -
Open Access Article
28 - The Relationship between Willingness to Communicate and Two Types of Speaking Task: Narrative and Dialogue
Shamsi Bagheri Atdersi Ramin Rahimy -
Open Access Article
29 - Study of Influencing Factor on Sustainable Behavior
Javad Abbasi Atefeh ReaeiChanging lifestyle and consumption pattern being the aftermath of population and urbanization growth, is putting a strain on environment and sustainable development. When concerns increase, consumption behavior and production program might be the way of protecting envir MoreChanging lifestyle and consumption pattern being the aftermath of population and urbanization growth, is putting a strain on environment and sustainable development. When concerns increase, consumption behavior and production program might be the way of protecting environment and resources for next generation. The consumption value perceptions are identified in the study as the drivers of sustained green product consumption and intention to pay the green price premium using the theory of consumption values. Environmental attitude, contextual factors and consumer innovativeness are included as the first-order constructs. Research method is descriptive survey. Data was collected randomly through390 people of Tehran people based method using structured questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied for testing the hypothesized model. Results co Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effectiveness of teaching goal setting on Self-Directed Learning of students
Fateme Hemmatian Alimohamad Rezaei Mohamadali MohammadyfarThe aim of this research was survey effectiveness of teaching goal setting on self-directed learning. The statistical society of this research contained all eighth grade students of high school (the first period) of Semnan in the 2014-2015 academic year that among them MoreThe aim of this research was survey effectiveness of teaching goal setting on self-directed learning. The statistical society of this research contained all eighth grade students of high school (the first period) of Semnan in the 2014-2015 academic year that among them for example 40 students with the lowest scores on self-directed learning have been chosen and they randomly and equally were put in two experiment and control groups. At first, a pre-test was performed on both groups; and then goal setting was taught to the experiment group during 9 sessions. Intervention wasn't done for control group. In this research, the pretest-posttest pattern was used with control group. Data was collected by Fisher, King, and Tagoe self-directed learning questionnaire; and after that they were evaluated with multivariate covariance test. The results showed that goal setting has a meaningful effect on improving self-directed learning. Based on the obtained results, use of teaching goal setting for promotion of self-directed learning is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The study of the effectiveness of conflict resolution skills on willingness and desire to marry and its dimensions in single girls
Farshad pahlavanzade Zahra taghiyar Zhaleh refahiobjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills education on Willingness to marry in Single girls in Isfahan city. method: This study is a quasi experimental design with pretest-posttest includi Moreobjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills education on Willingness to marry in Single girls in Isfahan city. method: This study is a quasi experimental design with pretest-posttest including control group and The statistical population consisted of all single girls in the 11th district of Isfahan 40 of whom were selected as the sample of the study through the selective sampling. They were divided into two experimental and control groups. To measure the willingness to marry The questionnaire of (Heydari et al. 2004) was used. (Heydari et al., 2004) and On the experimental group, the training package on conflict resolution skills was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Result: The results of analysis of covariance showed that Conflict resolution skills education increase the desire to marry and also the results show that Conflict resolution skill education on the Factors had significant effect (p < 0.05) on the willingness to marry (attitudes towards marriage, preparation for marriage, thinking about the consequences of marriage and marriage obstacles) Conclusion: the findings of the present study can be used by pre-marriage counselors for giving advice and guidance for the girls the results, pre-marriage counselors can use girls for advice and guidance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of perception of organizational bullying on the Intention to Leave Work through leadership behavior and organizational commitment (Case study: Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch)
Homera Abdi Abdolreza Sobhani Seyed Morteza Mousavian Hojatullah AbbasiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perception of organizational bullying on the Intention to Leave Work through leadership behavior and organizational commitment. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect desc MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of perception of organizational bullying on the Intention to Leave Work through leadership behavior and organizational commitment. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive correlational information. The statistical population of the present study is all employees of Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, 1000 people, who were selected through the Cochran sampling calculation formula, 287 people as a sample through stratified sampling method appropriate to the volume. Inersen et al. (2009) and the standard questionnaire of Intention to Leave Work Kim et al. (2007) and the standard Meyer and Allen Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1990) and the standard questionnaire of Goba et al.'s leadership behavior (2013) based on the validity of the questionnaires. Content validity was examined using experts' opinions, formally based on the views of a number of statistical and structural populations by factor analysis method and after the necessary terms validity was confirmed and on the other hand the validity of the questionnaires by Cronbach's alpha method respectively. (0.88), (0.89), (0.92) and (0.91) were estimated. Data analysis was performed at the inferential level, including structural equation modeling. The results showed that the perception of organizational bullying through organizational commitment has a negative and significant effect on the tendency to leave the service, the coefficient of this effect is 0.35 and the perception of organizational bullying through leadership behavior on the tendency to leave the service has a negative and significant effect. The coefficient of this effect is 0.25 and also the perception of organizational bullying has a positive and significant effect on the tendency to leave the service that the coefficient of this effect is 0.67. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - کاوش درباره تنوع مبتنی بر ابزار: تاثیرات غنی کردن پرسشنامه تمایل به برقراری ارتباط
روح اله ملکی احمد محسنی علی مالمیرهدف از پژوهش توصیفی-ترتیبی و ترکیبی حاضر این بود تا اثرات غنی کردن پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط برقرار کردن مکروسکی (1992) با روش از ایفای نقش صوتی-تصویری بر روی پاسخ زبانآموزان ایرانی کاوش شود. به قصد این کار، پاسخهای 117 زبان آموز سطح پیش-متوسط ایرانی به این پرسشنامه در Moreهدف از پژوهش توصیفی-ترتیبی و ترکیبی حاضر این بود تا اثرات غنی کردن پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط برقرار کردن مکروسکی (1992) با روش از ایفای نقش صوتی-تصویری بر روی پاسخ زبانآموزان ایرانی کاوش شود. به قصد این کار، پاسخهای 117 زبان آموز سطح پیش-متوسط ایرانی به این پرسشنامه در مرحله قبل و بعد از توسعه دادن پرسشنامه، مقایسه شد.این تحقیق به تحقیق زبانی-اجتماعی مربوط بوده تا بتواند روش گرداوری دیتا و ارزشیابی واقعی را توسعه دهد. یافته های کمی نشان داد که در میانگین نمرات پاسخها، تاثیر آماری معناداری وجود نداشته، کاهش ضریب پایایی از حالت اصلی به غنی شده، ولی تغییرات درون آیتمی و شخصی مشاهده شد. سپس، در ادامه این تحقیق، با استفاده از روش هدفمندانه، با 12 پاسخدهنده برگزیده مصاحبه به عمل آمد تا در تکمیل نتایج کمی، از طریق پروتوکال کلامی در مرحله قبل و بعد از اجرای پرسشنامه اصلی و توسعه یافته، در زمینه های هدف، مکان، تصویرسازی، سن، جنسیت، و شخصیت شرکت کنندگان دانشجو در حالت ایفای نقش تحقیق به عمل آید. یافته های کمی و کیفی حاصل شده در دو فاز قبل و بعد از غنی شدن، مورد بحث قرار گرفته و با یافته های قبلی و مرتبط مقایسه شدند. درنهایت، برای مدرسان، تعلیم دهندگان، و ارزیابان زبان، کاربردها و توصیه هایی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - تمایل به برقراری ارتباط، هراس از ارتباط، و درک شخصی از توانایی برقراری ارتباط در زبان اول و زبان دوم در بین زبان آموزان ایرانی: یک تحقیق مقایسه ای
غزاله چراغپور سمواتی نسیم گل آقاییدر عصر آموزش زبان به صورت محاوره ای اصلی ترین هدف از زبان آموزی تشویق زبان آموز به جستجوىفرصت های ارتباطی و تمایل آنان به برقراری ارتباط در چنین موقعیت ها شناخته شده است. از آنجایی که ارتباطبین تمایل به برقراری ارتباط و متغیرهای دیگر ممکن است به طرز قابل ملاحظه ای از فر Moreدر عصر آموزش زبان به صورت محاوره ای اصلی ترین هدف از زبان آموزی تشویق زبان آموز به جستجوىفرصت های ارتباطی و تمایل آنان به برقراری ارتباط در چنین موقعیت ها شناخته شده است. از آنجایی که ارتباطبین تمایل به برقراری ارتباط و متغیرهای دیگر ممکن است به طرز قابل ملاحظه ای از فرهنگی به فرهنگ دیگرتغییر کند، مطالعه حاضر ارتباط بین تمایل به برقراری ارتباط، هراس از ارتباط و درک شخصی از توانایی برقراریارتباط در فارسی و انگلیسی را مورد بررسی قرار داد. تعداد 235 زبان آموز ایرانی بزرگسال فارسی زبان از طریقروش نمونه گیری در دسترس برای شرکت در این تحقیق انتخاب شدند. جامعه آماری متشکل از 118 زبان آموزسطح متوسط و 113 زبان آموز سطح متوسط رو به بالا بود. انتقال پذیری و قابل پیش بینی بودن متغیرهایارتباطی از زبان اول به زبان دوم توسط تحلیل درجه همبستگی و رگرسیون خطی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافتهها نشان داد که در بین متغیرهای ارتباطی، هراس از ارتباط بیشتر حالت یک صفت فردی را داشت که از زباناول به زبان خارجی منتقل می شد. تمایل به برقراری ارتباط درزبان فارسی به میزان بسیار کمی این تمایل را درزبان انگلیسی پیش بینی می کرد. همچنین درک شخصی از توانایی برقراری ارتباط در فارسی فقط 15 ٪ همینمتغیر در زبان انگلیسی را پیش بینی می کرد. یافته های این تحقیق می تواند به معلم ها در درک این موضوع کهکدام متغیرهای ارتباطی حالت یک صفت فردی را دارند یا بسته به موقعیت تغییر می کنند، کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - تأثیر تمرین مهارت گفتاری در زبان دوم در شرایط با واسطهی رایانهای ناهمزمان و چهره به چهره بر توانایی گفتاری، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم
متین رامک حسین سیاه پوش مهران داوری بینااین مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تمرین مهارت گفتاری در زبان دوم در شرایط با واسطهی رایانهای ناهمزمان و چهره به چهره بر توانایی گفتاری، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم انجام شد. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 40 نفر از Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تمرین مهارت گفتاری در زبان دوم در شرایط با واسطهی رایانهای ناهمزمان و چهره به چهره بر توانایی گفتاری، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم انجام شد. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 40 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی در یکی از دانشگاه های ایران بودند. شرکت کنندگان به صورت تصادفی در دو شرایط آزمایشی (با واسطه کامپیوتری ناهمزمان) و کنترل (چهره به چهره) قرار گرفتند. در گروه آزمایشی، شرکت کنندگان در محیط برخط ناهمزمان به تمرین صحبت کردن پرداختند و در گروه کنترل، دانش آموزان بخشی از وقت کلاس خود را صرف انجام تکالیف مونولوگ (تکگویی) کردند. با استفاده از پرسشنامه، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم شرکت کنندگان در ابتدا و در پایان ترم اندازه گیری شد. یافتهها نشان داد که میانگین نمرات توانایی تکگویی افراد در گروه با واسطه رایانه به طور قابلتوجهی بیشتر از گروه حضوری بهبود یافت. یکی دیگر از یافته های این مطالعه، برتری شرایط رایانهای در نمرات به اعتماد به نفس گفتاری، دلهره گفتاری و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط شرکت کنندگان بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - تاثیر فعالیتهای کلاسی حل مسئله روی تمایل به ارتباط، توانش ارتباطی خود ادراکی، و اضطراب ارتباط در زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی
Amir Marzban مریم محمودوندتمایل به بر قراری ارتباط که به عنوان اراده فرد در برقراری ارتباط در هنگامی که فرصت آن بروز پیدا می کند تعریف می شود(مک اینتایر و همکاران،1998)نقش مهمی در یادگیری زبان دوم / خارجی ایفامی نماید. تحقیق حاضر درصدد آن است که تاثیر اجرای فعالیتهای کلاسی مبتنی بر حل مسئله را ر Moreتمایل به بر قراری ارتباط که به عنوان اراده فرد در برقراری ارتباط در هنگامی که فرصت آن بروز پیدا می کند تعریف می شود(مک اینتایر و همکاران،1998)نقش مهمی در یادگیری زبان دوم / خارجی ایفامی نماید. تحقیق حاضر درصدد آن است که تاثیر اجرای فعالیتهای کلاسی مبتنی بر حل مسئله را روی تمایل زبان آموزان به برقراری ارتباط مورد بررسی قراردهد. جهت رسیدن به این هدف 61 زبان آموز سطح پیش متوسطه از طریق یک امتحان تعیین سطح انتخاب شدند. زبان آموزان از لحاظ سه مقیاس تمایل به برقراری ارتباط و نیز دو مقیاس پیشینی یعنی توانش ارتباطی خود ادراکی و اضطراب ارتباط تحت پیش آزمون قرار گرفتند. البته گروه ازمایشی در طول دوره آموزشی فعالیتها کلاسی حل مسئله دریافت نمود درحالی که گروه کنترل از آن محروم شد.پس از 15 جلسه آموزش دو گروه از طریق سه مقیاس اشاره شده تحت پس آزمون قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که گروه آزمایشی از لحاظ سطح تمایل به برقراری ارتباط عملکرد بهتری داشت. به علاوه مشخص شد که تمایل به برقراری ارتباط به طور مستقیم با توانش ارتباطی خودادراکی و به طور غیر مستقیم با اضطراب ارتباط رابطه دارد. بنابراین براساس مدل راه مک اینتایر (1994) هر دو مقیاس می توانند پیش بینی کننده تمایل بهارتباط باشند. تحلیل آماری داده ها از طریق تحلیل واریانس چند متغیری(MANOVA) انجام شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - مهارتهای تدریس مدرسان انگلیسی و تمایل به ارتبا ط زبان آموزان: دیدگاه مدرسان و زبان آموزان
ناهید زرعی مهناز سعیدی سعیده آهنگریاین مقاله دیدگاه مدرسین و زبان آموزان را نسبت به مهارتهای تدریس مدرسان زبان و تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان و تفاوت این دو دیدگاه را بررسی می نماید. به همین منظور از پرسشنامه ای با مقیاس لایکرت با مضمون مهارتهای تدریس مدرسان زبان و تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان استفاده شد ک Moreاین مقاله دیدگاه مدرسین و زبان آموزان را نسبت به مهارتهای تدریس مدرسان زبان و تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان و تفاوت این دو دیدگاه را بررسی می نماید. به همین منظور از پرسشنامه ای با مقیاس لایکرت با مضمون مهارتهای تدریس مدرسان زبان و تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان استفاده شد که توسط مدرسان و زبان آموزان تکمیل شد. شرکت کننده های این تحقیق مدرسان (تعداد 60) و زبان آموزان دور متوسطه (تعداد 300) در آموزشگا ههای متعدد تبریز- ایران بودند. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که علیرغم تفاوتهای جزیی بین دیدگاه مدرسان و زبان آموزان هر دو گروه برا ین نظر توافق داشتند که مهارتهای برانگیزنده و همخوانی سطح مدرسین با زبان آموزان تاثیر بسزایی در تعامل به ارتباط زبان آموزان دارد. نتایج این تحقیق پیام مهمی برای مدرسین زبان جهت توجه این مدرسین به این مهارتهای موثر و همچنین تربیت مدرس در عصر جدید آموزش دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Internal Determination Span in Transactions
Maryam Aqaei Bajestani Mohammad Rohani MoghadamDetermination of the parties is the base of transactions and because determination which is internal action to be active in law should include external aspect. In other words, real determination is the basic element in transactions. Does the basi MoreDetermination of the parties is the base of transactions and because determination which is internal action to be active in law should include external aspect. In other words, real determination is the basic element in transactions. Does the basic element of transactions relate to internal or external determination of the parties? In this essay, the writers want to express two theories of internal and external determination and represent the modest theory in Islamic lawful system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effects of Authoritative vs. Facilitative Interventions on EFL Learnersʼ Willingness to Communicate
Mohammad Ali Yaghchi Nasser Ghafoori Nesa NabifarThe present study sought to investigate the effects of employing the intervention provision framework put forward by John Heron, entitled Six-Category Intervention Analysis, on EFL learners' willingness to communicate. This model of intervention provision, having its ge MoreThe present study sought to investigate the effects of employing the intervention provision framework put forward by John Heron, entitled Six-Category Intervention Analysis, on EFL learners' willingness to communicate. This model of intervention provision, having its genesis in clinical supervision, can regulate the verbal behavior and actual sentences used by teachers to intervene in language learning contexts. The Preliminary English Test (PET) as an English language proficiency test was administered to 60 participants. Based on the results obtained, 36 participants were selected and assigned to two groups of 18. The first group was authoritative intervention group in which the teacher suggested what had to be done, provided information, or confronted the learners. The second group was facilitative intervention, in which the teacher drew out ideas, solutions, or self-confidence. The participants in both groups completed Willingness to Communicate questionnaire before and after the treatment, as well as in the follow-up period. The findings indicated that the application of Six-Category Intervention Analysis brought about significant changes in the performance of the facilitative group that outperformed the authoritative intervention group.This research could carry some important implications for all stakeholders in the realm of foreign language teaching Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - مطالعه تطبیقی نوآموزان جوان و میل آنها به ارتباط از دیدگاه اجتماعی فرهنگی
سونا حراره حامد برجسته -
Open Access Article
41 - Effects of Brand Experiences on the Customers Willingness to Pay More
K. Raissifar H. Bakhtiari M. Taheri -
Open Access Article
42 - Iranian Students' Emotional Perceptions of the Effects of Interactive Tasks on Self-Monitoring, Self-Regulation, and Willingness to Communicate
Fereshteh Abkhoo Roya Baharlooie Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
43 - Willingness to Communicate (WTC) among Beginning-level German Learners: Teaching German as a Foreign Language in a U.S. University Classroom
Rene Wegner -
Open Access Article
44 - EFL Learners’ Language Aptitude, Foreign Language Anxiety, and Willingness to Communicate
Hamid Marashi Soudabeh Sahafnia -
Open Access Article
45 - Interrelationships of Willingness to Speak and Cultural Identity with English L2 Speaking Proficiency
Ghazaleh Azimzadeh Khosravi Ma‘ssoumeh Bemani Naeini -
Open Access Article
46 - Relationship among Self-perceived Oral Competence, Communication Apprehension, and Iranian EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate: Cooperative teaching in focus
Mansoureh Bahadori Seyed Moslem Hashemizadeh -
Open Access Article
47 - The Interplay Between Oral Communication Strategies and Willingness to Communicate in Impulsive and Reflective EFL Learners
Sepideh Salehi Mania Nosratinia -
Open Access Article
48 - The effect of job plateauing on the tendency to leave the service of nurses in Al-Zahra Medical Training Center through job burnout
Samaneh shams shahrebabaky Sayyed mohammad reza Davodi Jafar Kiyani oshtorjaniThis research aims to determine the effect of job plateauing of nurses at Al-Zahra Medical Training Center on their desire to leave the service through job burnout. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational in terms of the research problem or method. The st MoreThis research aims to determine the effect of job plateauing of nurses at Al-Zahra Medical Training Center on their desire to leave the service through job burnout. This research is applied and descriptive-correlational in terms of the research problem or method. The statistical population of the research was the nurses of Al-Zahra Medical Education Center (S) in Isfahan, and the research samples were selected by stratified random sampling, and the Karajesi-Morgan table was used to determine the sample size, and finally, 270 people were selected to participate in this research. became The research data were used using three questionnaires measuring plateauing from Milliman's questionnaire (1992), and tendency to leave the service from Hosseini Barzanji's questionnaire (2013) adapted from Kim et al. . The data analysis of this research was done using Spss and Amos software, and the results of this research showed that the job plateau of the nurses of Al-Zahra Medical Training Center (S) is related to the tendency to leave the service and job burnout of the nurses of Al-Zahra Medical Training Center (S). It is effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Assessment of Factors Affecting on the Visitors' WTP and Evaluating Recreational Importance of Jajroud Area
Bahram Sahabi Mohammadhadi Hajian Bakhtiar JavaheriThe purpose of this paper is to estimate recreational value of Jajroud area and to determine factors affecting on the visitors willing to pay by using Contingent Valuation Method. To this end, a Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice questionnaire is employed to collect the MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate recreational value of Jajroud area and to determine factors affecting on the visitors willing to pay by using Contingent Valuation Method. To this end, a Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice questionnaire is employed to collect the data required by the use of a simple random sampling. Then, the role and importance of individual, social and economical factors will be investigated as well as the willingness to pay of visitors by Logit model and Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. Results indicate that more than 70 percent of respondents like to pay for recreational values of Jajroud area. In addition, the results of Logit model present that the variables of bid, age and size of families have significant negative effect on the individuals' WTP, while the variables of education, income, area attractiveness and individual concerns of environment have significant positive impact on WTP. Moreover, the optimum bid is about 5700 Rials and the annual recreational value of region is 4595 million Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - An Analysis of Tourists’ Behavior of Delay in Service Delivery (A Case Study of Parsian Hotel in Kermanshah)
Maryam Beigpour Tanha kamran yeganegiThe purpose of this study is to examine the customer behavior affected by service delays. Nine hypotheses were tested in this study. The method of this research is descriptive-survey in terms of variables and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of th MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the customer behavior affected by service delays. Nine hypotheses were tested in this study. The method of this research is descriptive-survey in terms of variables and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research was targeted in Parsian Hotel in Kermanshah. The sampling method in this study was simple random based on which 384 people were selected as a sample through Cochran's formula for data collection. In this study, a questionnaire was used as a research tool, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses using Amos structural equation software version 22. According to the research results, service delays have a positive effect on customers' anger and insecurity and a negative effect on their acceptability. Anger and insecurity also have a negative effect on the desire to buy and a negative effect on word of mouth marketing. In the end, acceptability also has a positive effect on the willingness to buy but a negative effect on the willingness to spread word of mouth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Exploring the Dimensions of Social Responsibility in Tourists’ Destination and their Role in the Willingness to Revisit Using a Mixed Method Research (A Case Study of Gilan Province)
Fereshteh Ghavidel Ali Gholipour Soleimani Seyed Mahmoud Shabgoo Monsef Alireza Farokhbakht FoomaniToday, social responsibility has been considered to protect and encourage the return of tourists to the tourism industry, despite growing concerns about environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources, human rights issues and fair trade. The purpose of this st MoreToday, social responsibility has been considered to protect and encourage the return of tourists to the tourism industry, despite growing concerns about environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources, human rights issues and fair trade. The purpose of this study was to explore the dimensions of social responsibility of tourism in Gilan province from the perspective of tourists and to investigate its effect on revisiting willingness as well as the effect of destination trust and tourists’ satisfaction as a mediator and destination reputation as a moderator. Thus, the present study is considered a mixed research. First, in the qualitative stage of the study, the economic, environmental, cultural, legal and ethical dimensions of destination social responsibility obtained from classical Grounded Theory and through in-depth semi-structured interview with 12 internal tourists and coded using "MAXQDA" software have been tested along with hypotheses obtained from studying the internal and external literature, by non-probability sampling and snowball method through a questionnaire from 236 internal tourists and using structural equation modeling using "PLS" method and the "SPSS" software. The findings showed that destination social responsibility does not have a direct and significant effect on revisiting willingness. But this relationship was indirectly confirmed through destination trust and tourists’ satisfaction. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between destination trust and tourists’ satisfaction. The modifier role of reputation in the relationship between economic, environmental, cultural and legal dimensions with destination trust as well as the ethical dimension with tourists’ satisfaction was also confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Use of Virtual Reality Technology during the Outbreak of the Covid 19 Epidemic in the Tourism Industry (A Case study of the Museum of Ancient Iran)
yazdan Shirmohammadi Abase KianiThe current research aims to investigate the use of virtual reality during the Covid-19 pandemic in the tourism industry (case study, museum of ancient Iran). In terms of its objective, the current research is an applied one and as its nature and method are regarded it MoreThe current research aims to investigate the use of virtual reality during the Covid-19 pandemic in the tourism industry (case study, museum of ancient Iran). In terms of its objective, the current research is an applied one and as its nature and method are regarded it uses a field-based descriptive-correlation methodology. The statistical population of the research includes all of the tourists referred to the virtual site of the museum of ancient Iran. Using the Cochran formula for determining sample size through simple random sampling, 384 individuals were chosen as the statistical community among whom 379 responded to the questionnaires. The data was collected using the library and experimental methods. To score the items, each item was given a score based on a Likert five-point scale (completely disagree- completely agree). To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach alpha was run which indicated optimal reliability. To analyze the data, the SPSS 24 was used for the descriptive statistics and the structural equations of PLS3 were used for the inferential statistics. The results indicated that the authentic experience influences positively, directly, and significantly on tourists' visit willingness through the variables of cognitive response, affective response, and attachment to virtual reality tours in the museum of ancient Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Relationship Between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Emotional Intelligence and Their Willingness to Communicate
Toktam Kermani Nezhad -
Open Access Article
54 - Inter- Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Intrinsic Motivation, their Willingness to Communicate and their Level of Depression: A Case of Khorasan Razavi
Haniyeh Afzali Hamid Ashraf -
Open Access Article
55 - Foreign Language Anxiety and Willingness to Communicate: High Level vs. Low Level Iranian EFL Learners
Yahya Ghelichli -
Open Access Article
56 - The relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products
yasanallah pourashraf ata eslami abolfazl ferdowsiThe purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products with regard to the mediating role of environmental attitudes of customers. The present study is an applied one and a MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products with regard to the mediating role of environmental attitudes of customers. The present study is an applied one and a descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consists of all customers of Ard Kalaleh Company in Golestan province, with Indefinite number and the sample size of the research using Krejecie and Morgan table was 384 people, which was selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection in this study was field method and data collection tools were standard questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Structural Equation Model using LISREL software was used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that there is a significant relationship between individual factors of constomers and their desire to purchase environmentally friendly products with the mediating role of environmental attitudes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparing Willingness to Communicate among Adolescents Interested in Different Styles of Computer Games
Roghieh Nooripour Liavoli Mohammad Ali Fardin Mahmoud Shirazi Gholam Ali Afrooz Mehdi DehestaniThe present study was aimed to compare willingness to communicate among adolescents interested in different styles of computer games. The method of this study was descriptive and casual-comparative design. Statistical population included all boy adolescents and youths w MoreThe present study was aimed to compare willingness to communicate among adolescents interested in different styles of computer games. The method of this study was descriptive and casual-comparative design. Statistical population included all boy adolescents and youths who referred to all of 25 Internet gaming cafés in Zahedan in 2015. Sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling which 8 Internet gaming cafés were selected randomly among all of Internet gaming cafés and then among all of referred people to them 156 individuals were selected by using simple random sampling (sortation). McCroskey’s Willingness to Communicate Scale was used to collect data. The results of one way ANOVA indicated that there was significant differences between willingness to communicate in different groups interested in styles of computer games (extensive online team, individual and combined games) (P≤0.01). In this regard, those who were interested in extensive online team and combined games were more willing to communicate in comparison of those who were interested in individual games. Also, results released that subjects who chose both Internet gaming cafés and house as places to play were more willing to communicate compared to those who only selected their houses to play. Therefore, results of this study showed that each of the styles of computer games can have tremendous effect on audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Estimating of Economic- Tourism Value of The Qeshm Island's Geomorphosites and Analysis of The Factors Affecting Visitors Willingness To Pay By The Contingent Valuation Method)CVM (
mohammad reza servati مهدی mazbani ahmad arjmandEconomic valuation as a tool for distinguishing between "inefficient use of environmental goods and services" and "realize the true value of this resource in the decision-making process" in environmental management. This study aimed to Estimate the Economic- Tourism val MoreEconomic valuation as a tool for distinguishing between "inefficient use of environmental goods and services" and "realize the true value of this resource in the decision-making process" in environmental management. This study aimed to Estimate the Economic- Tourism value of the Qeshm island's Geomorphosites And analysis of the factors affecting the willingness to pay of Visitors To take advantage of the recreational and educational benefits of Geomorphosites by The contingent valuation method )CVM(.Tourist scale analysis of this geologic phenomenon could play an important role in overcoming the shortcomings and failures, Forecasting needs and management skills in order to advance tourism development on the island. In order to analyze the factors affecting the tourists' willingness to pay Logit model has been used and Based on the maximum likelihood method, parameters of the model are determined. The Required data is collected through questionnaire and interviewing visitors of Geomorphosites. These data include socio - economic information of visitors and the data required for the function of the willingness to pay include education, occupation, gender and age, income, distance, family size, environmental Trends, and health facilities and price.The results show that the 88/3 percent of the subjects are willing to pay for visiting island's Geomorphosites. Average willingness to pay for each visitor 8341.39 Rials and Annual tourist value of the Geomorphosites 314706950000 rials have been estimated. Also, education, occupation, gender and age, income, distance, family size, environmental Trends, and health facilities and price have a significant influence on people's willingness to pay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Measuring the Willingness to Immigrate in Rural Households in the Eastern Frontier Regions (Case Study: Torbat-e Jam County)
maryam Ghasemi Farhad RamezaniIntroduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive the MoreIntroduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.Research Aim: the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.Results: The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.Conclusion: This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Farmers’ Perception and Willingness to Pay for Technical Agricultural Information on Maize Production in Orire Local Government Area of Oyo State.
Olumuyiwa Olaniyi Oluwatoyin Ismaila -
Open Access Article
61 - Willingness To Pay For Organic Vegetables among Households in Anambra State, Nigeria
C Nwofoke B Bargissa -
Open Access Article
62 - Willingness and Capacity to Pay for Extension Services by Poultry Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Hussaini Yusuf Ibrahim Gloria Okoi Dennis Ernest Ogezi -
Open Access Article
63 - Sociological factors influencing employee motivation Branch of Shoshtar Islamic Azad University
امیرعلی درستیOrganizations through behavioral changes people change, but people do not like change, but the dynamic nature of the work. However, the required changes in organizational strategy and structure, key individuals are stimulated. This study aimed to examine sociological fa MoreOrganizations through behavioral changes people change, but people do not like change, but the dynamic nature of the work. However, the required changes in organizational strategy and structure, key individuals are stimulated. This study aimed to examine sociological factors influencing influencing employee motivation Branch Shooshtar survey was conducted, of the 129 employees were selected as the sample size to help Morgan. Results of a two-part analysis is descriptive and inferential. Results indicate a relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable motivation (money, fame, the proportion of wage labor, welfare, participation, delegation, job security, cooperation) is the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable of interest in all aspects, except There seems to fame. The dynamics of the relationship between dependent and independent variables (money, fame, fitness wage labor, welfare, participation, delegation, job security, cooperation) are related. But progress in the relationship between the dependent variables, expectation and responsibility for all aspects of development, there is no significant relationship between the independent variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - ارزشگذاری تفریحی اکوسیستمهای آبی با روش ارزشگذاری مشروط: مطالعه موردی تالاب شیرینسو، ایران
حبیب شهبازی احمد سام دلیریدر این مطالعه، ارزش تفریحی تالاب شیرینسو در شهرستان کبودرآهنگ استان همدان بر اساس تمایل به پرداخت با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط و پرسشنامه الگوی یک و نیم بعدی صورت گرفته است. تمایل به پرداخت با استفاده از الگوی لاجیت اندازهگیری شده است که ضرایبش بر اساس روش حداکثر Moreدر این مطالعه، ارزش تفریحی تالاب شیرینسو در شهرستان کبودرآهنگ استان همدان بر اساس تمایل به پرداخت با استفاده از روش ارزشگذاری مشروط و پرسشنامه الگوی یک و نیم بعدی صورت گرفته است. تمایل به پرداخت با استفاده از الگوی لاجیت اندازهگیری شده است که ضرایبش بر اساس روش حداکثر درستنمایی برآورد شده است. نتایج نشان میدهد که 81 درصد از افراد مورد بررسی حاضرند مقداری را برای استفاده تفریحی از این تالاب بدهند. متوسط تمایل به پرداخت 44671 ریال (68/1 دلار) برای هر بازدیدکننده است. ارزش تفریحی سالانه این تالاب در حدود 809 میلیون ریال (30348 دلار) برآورده شده است. متغیر مقدار پیشنهاد و درآمد بازدیدکننده از نظر آماری در سطح 1 درصد معنیدار بوده و به ترتیب دارای اثرات منفی و مثبت بر تمایل به پرداخت بودهاند. این دو متغیر به عنوان مهمترین عوامل اثرگذار بر تمایل به پرداخت بازدیدکننده شناخته شده است. سن و سطح تحصیلات از دیگر عوامل اثرگذار بوده که در سطح 10 درصد معنیدار بودهاند. یافتههای این تحقیق میتواند مد نظر سیاستگذاران و مدیران در بخش محیط زیست به منظور سرمایه گذاری جهت توسعه و بهبود وضعیت تالاب قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Socioeconomic Determinants Influencing the Willingness of Agriculture Undergraduates to Participate in Agripreneurship in Northwest Nigeria
Aliyu Akilu Barau Gbolagade AdesijiThe study analyzed the socioeconomic determinants influencing the willingness of the agriculture undergraduates to participate in agripreneurship in Northwest, Nigeria. The study employed a questionnaire to obtain primary data. A multistage sampling technique was used t MoreThe study analyzed the socioeconomic determinants influencing the willingness of the agriculture undergraduates to participate in agripreneurship in Northwest, Nigeria. The study employed a questionnaire to obtain primary data. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents from the universities under study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results show that a majority of the participants were male (68.7%), single (90%), within 21-25 years of age (52.6%), and had no any other tangible occupation (57.3%) besides study. Willingness to participate in agripreneurship was found to be positive among the respondents but not as primary occupation. Family economic status (ranked first) was the major socioeconomic determinants influencing the willingness of agriculture undergraduates to participate in agripreneurship. Examination of the relationship between selected socioeconomic determinants and willingness to participate in agripreneurship revealed a positive significant relationship with gender, community background, family background, family economic status, as well as with ethnicity. This clearly suggests that a number of socioeconomic determinants have considerable influence over willingness of agriculture undergraduates to participate in agripreneurship. The study, then, carries the implication that university agriculture training should be streamlined with today’s realities so as to stimulate the willingness for agripreneurship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - --
Emmanuella Ellis -
Open Access Article
67 - بررسی عوامل بازدارنده توسعه بیمه محصول خرما: مطالعه موردی شهرستان سراوان
محمدرضا ساسولی مجید کریم زاده عبدالرشید جام نیامیزان موفقیت و کارایی سیاست بیمه محصولات کشاورزی بستگی به تقاضا و گرایش کشاورزان نسبت به بیمه محصولاتشان دارد؛ بدین منظور تقاضای بیمه توسط 441 نخلکار در شهرستان سراوان مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. 87/68 درصد نخلکاران موافق به بیمه نبودند. نتایج مدل لاجیت رتبه­ای در Moreمیزان موفقیت و کارایی سیاست بیمه محصولات کشاورزی بستگی به تقاضا و گرایش کشاورزان نسبت به بیمه محصولاتشان دارد؛ بدین منظور تقاضای بیمه توسط 441 نخلکار در شهرستان سراوان مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. 87/68 درصد نخلکاران موافق به بیمه نبودند. نتایج مدل لاجیت رتبه­ای در پنج سطح متفاوت نشان داد که آگاهی از فواید بیمه، سابقه بیمه، عملکرد سال قبل، تحصیلات، انحراف معیار درآمد، مساحت نخلستان و میزان رضایت مندی از خدمات بیمه از متغیرهای مهم و اثرگذار بر تقاضای بیمه می­باشد. درصد تغییر احتمال پذیرش بیمه در هر پنج سطح بدست آمد. افزایش یک درصدی در میزان رضایت­مندی از خدمات بیمه باعث می­شود که احتمال انتقال فرد کاملاً مخالف به سطح مخالف 3/6 درصد افزایش یافت. نخلکاران مسن­تر از پذیرش بیمه امتناع می­کنند که این موضوع با توجه به نوع نگرش مذهبی در منطقه مورد مطالعه در مورد نرخ بهره از یک سو و از سوی دیگر مقاومت افراد مسن در مقابل راهکارهای نوین مدیریت ریسک قابل تأمل است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - مدیریت مصرف ضایعات برگ خرما در تغذیه دام دامداران جنوب استان کرمان
محسن عادلی ساردویی محمد خداوردیزاده امید علی اسماعیلی پوربراساس آمار موجود در جنوب استان کرمان سالانه حدود 111498 تن برگ خرما به عنوان ضایعات تولید می­شود. مطالعات صورت پذیرفته حاکی از آن است که این ضایعات پتانسیل مناسبی در تأمین نیاز غذایی دام و جایگزین مناسبی برای خوراک مشابه از قبیل بقایای گندم در تغذیه دام هستند Moreبراساس آمار موجود در جنوب استان کرمان سالانه حدود 111498 تن برگ خرما به عنوان ضایعات تولید می­شود. مطالعات صورت پذیرفته حاکی از آن است که این ضایعات پتانسیل مناسبی در تأمین نیاز غذایی دام و جایگزین مناسبی برای خوراک مشابه از قبیل بقایای گندم در تغذیه دام هستند. در تحقیق حاضر تلاش شد تا با مفهوم تمایل به مصرف و با استفاده از مدل لاجیت ترتیبی عوامل موثر بر پذیرش ضایعات برگ خرما (ضبخ) توسط دامداران منطقه جنوب استان کرمان در سال 1399 مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. داده­ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق تکمیل 202 پرسشنامه که به­طور تصادفی از بین دامداران جنوب استان کرمان توزیع و گردآوری شدند بدست آمد. مطابق نتایج حدود 51 درصد دامداران منطقه مورد مطالعه، تمایل به مصرف ضبخ ندارند و تنها 46 دامدار از کل نمونه مورد مطالعه مایل به مصرف این محصول هستند. براساس نتایج مدل لاجیت ترتیبی، با افزایش سابقه دامدار، ارائه اطلاعات و افزایش سطح آگاهی دامداران، کاهش نگرانی­های دامداران از بازخورد مصرف ضبخ در تغذیه دام­های­شان و عضویت در تعاونی، تمایل به مصرف ضبخ در تغذیه دامداری­ها افزایش مییابد. همچنین احتمال تمایل به مصرف ضبخ در دامداری­های بزرگتر و در گاوداری­ها نسبت به مزارع کوچک (گوسفند و بز) بیشتر است. با توجه به یافته­ها، به منظور مصرف ضبخ در تغذیه دامداری­ها، لازم است تا با اقدامات ترویجی و آموزشی دامداران منطقه مورد مطالعه نسبت به سلامت تغذیه دام­ها با این محصول آشنا شوند و علاوه بر این با اعطای تسهیلات به تولیدکنندگان متقاضی عرضه ضبخ به بازار و ایجاد مزارع نمایشی با تغذیه این محصول میتوان گام مثبتی در زمینه کاهش ضایعات و هدر رفت قابلیت تجاری این محصول برداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - برآورد ارزش تفریحی پارک جنگلی چیتگر با استفاده از الگوی ارزشگذاری مشروط
حسن شفیعی سلیمان محمدی لیمائی امیراسلام بنیاد محمد کاوسی کلاشمیهدف این پژوهش برآورد ارزش تفریحی پارک چیتگر و تمایل به پرداخت (WTP) بازدیدکنندگان با استفاده از الگوی ارزش­گذاری مشروط (CVM) است. پرسشنامه برای گرد­آوری داده­ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. رابطه کوکران جهت تعیین حجم نمونه مورد نیاز در مطالعه میدانی بکار گرفته شد Moreهدف این پژوهش برآورد ارزش تفریحی پارک چیتگر و تمایل به پرداخت (WTP) بازدیدکنندگان با استفاده از الگوی ارزش­گذاری مشروط (CVM) است. پرسشنامه برای گرد­آوری داده­ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. رابطه کوکران جهت تعیین حجم نمونه مورد نیاز در مطالعه میدانی بکار گرفته شد. رهیافت نمونه­گیری تصادفی برای اجرای مطالعه میدانی میان بازدیدکنندگان مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. رهیافت انتخاب دوگانه دوبعدی برای طراحی پرسشنامه بکار گرفته شد. الگوی رگرسیون لوجیت برای برآورد رابطه بین تمایل به پرداخت و متغیرهای توضیحی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج الگوی لوجیت نشان داد که بین متغیرهای توضیحی سن پاسخگو، اندازه خانوار، سطح تحصیلات و عضویت در سازمان­های غیردولتی محیط­زیستی (NGOs) و WTP رابطه معنی­دار منفی وجود دارد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که بین جنسیت پاسخگو، وضعیت تأهل و درآمد ماهیانه خانوار و WTP رابطه معنی­دار مثبت وجود دارد. یافته­ها بیانگر این است که تمایل به پرداخت بیشینه انتظاری بازدیدکنندگان 79630 ریال است. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که ارزش اقتصادی سالیانه کل تفرج در پارک جنگلی چیتگر معادل 9/38 میلیارد ریال است. نتایج این پژوهش به تصمیم­گیران کمک می­کند تا کیفیت پارک چیتگر، توسعه گردشگری، افزایش تعداد بازدیدکنندگان و ایجاد درآمد برای پارک را بهبود دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Applying CVM for Economic Valuation of Drinking Water in Iran
Morteza Tahami Pour Mohammad Kavoosi KalashamiEconomic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. Population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in Iran. Limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources ma MoreEconomic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. Population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in Iran. Limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. Present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study of urban water supply projects. This study use contingent valuation method for determining economic value of drinking water in Kohkiloye & Boyerahmad province. Required data set were obtained from 177 questionnaires by applying stratified random sampling in 2011 year. From 136 investigated urban households 111 ones are willing to pay more for qualified drinking water. Also, from 41 investigated rural households only 3 ones are willing to pay more for qualified drinking water. Results indicated that economic value of drinking water is 6877 Rial per cubic meter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - برآورد ارزش بهبود وضعیت زیستمحیطی دریاچه ارومیه: کاربرد روش آزمون انتخاب
Mina Salehnia Baballah Hayati Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh Morteza Molaeiدریاچه ارومیه و تالاب­های اقماری آن به عنوان یکی از سایت­های نمونه طرح حفاظت از تالاب­های ایران با مشارکت برنامه عمران سازمان ملل انتخاب شده است. هدف این طرح، کاهش تهدیدات عمده پیش روی این منطقه تالابی با استفاده از یک برنامه جامع مدیریتی است. بنابراین در ای Moreدریاچه ارومیه و تالاب­های اقماری آن به عنوان یکی از سایت­های نمونه طرح حفاظت از تالاب­های ایران با مشارکت برنامه عمران سازمان ملل انتخاب شده است. هدف این طرح، کاهش تهدیدات عمده پیش روی این منطقه تالابی با استفاده از یک برنامه جامع مدیریتی است. بنابراین در این پژوهش به بررسی ترجیحات و استخراج مقادیر تمایل به پرداخت شهروندان ارومیه در جهت بهبود ویژگی­های زیست محیطی دریاچه ارومیه با استفاده از روش آزمون انتخاب پرداخته شده است. داده­ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از شهروندان شهر ارومیه در سال 1390 به دست آمده و با کاربرد مدل لاجیت پارامترهای تصادفی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تمایل به پرداخت به بهبود ارتفاع سطح تراز آب از شرایط بحرانی فعلی به سطح مطلوب تعلق دارد. رسیدن به حد مطلوب کیفیت آب(میزان شوری)، تعداد فلامینگو و آرتمیای دریاچه در ردیف­های بعدی تمایل به پرداخت افراد قرار دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - An Economic Valuation of Latin Papers in Online Databases from the view point of Post Graduate Students in Razi University
neda sayadi mahmoud moradi saleh rahimiObjective: An Economic Valuation of Latin papers in Online Databases from the view point of Post Graduate Students in Razi University. Methods: In the current research is used, On Contingent Valuation Method and way of willingness to pay. Population is all Post graduate MoreObjective: An Economic Valuation of Latin papers in Online Databases from the view point of Post Graduate Students in Razi University. Methods: In the current research is used, On Contingent Valuation Method and way of willingness to pay. Population is all Post graduate students at Razi University, in the 2015-2016 the year with the number of 4145 students and research sample is calculated on the basis of Mitchell and Carson with 523 samples. A self-made questionnaire. The statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Results: Average annual WTP postgraduate students to use Latin papers in online databases are about 248 5660 Rial; as well among the variables studied, the variables used in Latin databases and faculty at annual use of Latin databases are effected. Conclusion: post graduate students at Razi University recognize the economic value for Latin papers in online databases because in the exchange of knowledge and increase access to information on various scientific issues is very important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Comparison of the Application of Econometric Methods in Economic Valuation Library Services
vida seifouri fahimeh Babalhavaeji Fatemeh Nooshinfard Dariush MatlabiObjective: To compare the application of econometric methods in the economic valuation of central library services. Methods: Conditional valuation with the stated priority technique and econometric methods such as linear regression, logistics, probit, and Hack MoreObjective: To compare the application of econometric methods in the economic valuation of central library services. Methods: Conditional valuation with the stated priority technique and econometric methods such as linear regression, logistics, probit, and Hackman have been used. The statistical population of central library users, which was selected using the sampling method, cluster, two-stage, 10 libraries, and the sample size was calculated using the Michelle-Carson formula at the level of 85% of 854 people. The data collection tool was a two-dimensional researcher-made questionnaire with 40 questions that had face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. Results: In examining the effectiveness of each variable, the amount of change in the predicted probabilities of the dependent variable of the model (willingness to pay users) per unit of change in the variable (while the other variables are constant) showed that between the explanatory variables There is no correlation used in the models so that the two-to-two correlation coefficient of any of the independent variables was not more than 54%. Conclusion: Demographic and individual factors are more effective than other factors on people's willingness to pay. Based on the weighted elasticity of the income variable, if other factors are constant, a 1% increase in respondents' income increases the probability of accepting the proposed amount by more than 70%. No significant difference was observed in the results of logit and linear probit methods. Hackmann's two-step method, although it can differentiate between the factors affecting the acceptance of willingness to pay and the factors affecting the amount, in general, the willingness to pay was less than the other two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - نقش استراتژیهای اجتماعی عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی در تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان: دیدگاه زبان آموزان
Nahid Zarei مهناز سعیدی سعبده آهنگریمطالعه حاضر با هدف طراحی و ارزیابی روایی سازه و پایایی پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط که استراتژی های اجتماعی-عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی را هدف قرار می دهد انجام شده است. شرکت کنند گان در این مطالعه، که با روش نمونه گیری غیر محتمل انتخاب شده بودند، 153 زبان آموز از سه آموزشگاه Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف طراحی و ارزیابی روایی سازه و پایایی پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط که استراتژی های اجتماعی-عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی را هدف قرار می دهد انجام شده است. شرکت کنند گان در این مطالعه، که با روش نمونه گیری غیر محتمل انتخاب شده بودند، 153 زبان آموز از سه آموزشگاه معتبر انگلیسی در ایران بودند. پرسشنامه اولیه با 45 گویه با رجوع به مصاحبه متمرکز مدرسین زبان که قبلا توسط نویسندگان حاضر انجام شده بود و همچنین پیشینه طراحی شد. پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط زبان آموزان، تجزیه تحلیل عامل اکتشافی انجام گرفت. نتیجه تحلیل منتهی به 37 گویه و شش عامل شد: الف) ایجاد تعامل مثبت (8 گویه) ، (ب) اشتیاق معلمان (6 گویه) ، (ج) رفتار منصفانه معلمان (5 گویه) ، (د) حضور و تمرکز معلمان ( 6 گویه) ، صمیمیت معلمان (6 گویه) و مهارتهای تدریس و مشارکت در فعالیتهای گروهی (6 گویه). معیارهای پایا یی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نتایج رضایت بخش بود. پس از مقایسه شش عامل با همدیگر، نتایج نشان داد که میزان اشتیاق و رفتار منصفانه معلمان مهمترین عامل در ارتقا تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان می باشند. در آخر پیامدهای این نتایج برای مدرسین و تربیت مدرسین و برای تحقیق بیشتر مورد بحث قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - تأثیر استفاده از تکالیف تعاملی بر خود نظارتی، خود تنظیمی و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط با استفاده از ابزارهای ICT دانشجویان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی
Fereshteh Abkhoo Roya Baharlooie Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaeiهدف مطالعه کمی شبه تجربی کنونی این بود که بفهمد چگونه تکالیف تعاملی میتواند بر خودنظارتی، خودتنظیمی و تمایل دانشجویان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی برای برقراری ارتباط در یک محیط کلاس تأثیر بگذارد. این مطالعه از پرسشنامه های سنجش مقیاس خود نظارتی (SMS)، مقیاس یادگیری زبان خودتنظ Moreهدف مطالعه کمی شبه تجربی کنونی این بود که بفهمد چگونه تکالیف تعاملی میتواند بر خودنظارتی، خودتنظیمی و تمایل دانشجویان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی برای برقراری ارتباط در یک محیط کلاس تأثیر بگذارد. این مطالعه از پرسشنامه های سنجش مقیاس خود نظارتی (SMS)، مقیاس یادگیری زبان خودتنظیمی (SRLLS) و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط (WTC) به منظور ارزیابی تغییرات در نمرات تعاملی 40 دانش آموز در یک گروه آزمایشی با نمرات تعاملی استفاده کرد. از 40 دانش آموز در یک گروه کنترل. نتایج بهدستآمده با استفاده از آزمون تی نمونهای مستقل، به وضوح نشان داد که دانشآموزان دارای تکالیف تعاملی عمدتاً از دانشآموزان با آموزش عادی بهتر عمل میکنند. علاوه بر این، نتایج نشان داد که تکالیف تعاملی در بهبود پیشرفت دانشآموزان و کاهش و افزایش عملکرد آنها با استفاده از شایستگی تعاملی مؤثر است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که دانشآموزان سعی میکنند فراگیران سازگارتر و درگیرتری باشند که به یادگیری آنها کمک میکند. یافتههای این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که روشهای تدریس باید به فعالیتهای تعاملی به شیوهای مؤثر و معنادار در محیط کلاسی غیرتهدیدکننده بپردازد تا در کنار بهبود اعتماد به نفس و افزایش یادگیری دانشآموزان، مشارکت در زبان کلاس را افزایش دهد.واژگان کلیدی: تکلیف تعاملی، راهبرد خود نظارتی، راهبرد خودتنظیمی، آموزش راهبرد، تمایل به برقراری ارتباط استراتژی Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Role of Willingness to Communicate and Motivation in Language Learning in Iran
Elmira Pourhasan Masoud Zoghi -
Open Access Article
77 - The Relationship among EFL Learners' Self-Directed Learning, Resilience, and Willingness to Communicate
Maryam Oveisi Mania Nosratinia -
Open Access Article
78 - برآورد ارزشهای گردشگری و حفاظتی میدان نقش جهان اصفهان (کاربرد روش ارزشگذاری مشروط)
مصطفی رجبی سیده نساء موسوی -
Open Access Article
79 - Estimating Conservation Value of “Dashtenaze Sari” Wildlife Refuge, and Factors Affecting the Willingness to Pay for Site Conservation
Yaser Feizabadi Seyedeh Sarah Hadian -
Open Access Article
80 - The effect of love and commitment to the brand on brand loyalty, willingness to pay More and word of mouth in choosing and buying a smartphone for students of Islamic Azad University of West Tehran student
hadi seyedfazli Vahidreza mirabi Karim HamdiAn era in which the survival of large companies is threatened by competitors and customers do not stay loyal to a brand for a long time and often change brands. On the other hand, the multiplicity of brands has caused people to be more exposed to strategies, advertiseme MoreAn era in which the survival of large companies is threatened by competitors and customers do not stay loyal to a brand for a long time and often change brands. On the other hand, the multiplicity of brands has caused people to be more exposed to strategies, advertisements and promotions related to brands, which has led organizations to explore in order to survive and gain more market share. Be more effective with their customers and consumers, manage and manage their brand relationships with consumers.In the present study,using one of the most comprehensive conceptual models available, we have investigated these factors affecting the impact of love and commitment to the brand on brand loyalty, willingness to pay more and word of mouth in choosing and buying a smartphone among Islamic Azad University students. In this research, structural equation method (multivariate analysis) SEM and smart-pls software have been used and Spss software has been used to measure descriptive statistics.The validity of the research is assessed through face, content and structural validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability (CR). The statistical sample size was obtained from the table related to structural equations, which was a sample of 180 people Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The effect of brand attitude, electronic word-of-mouth advertising on the willingness to pay, higher price with the role of customer brand identity (case study: Saderat Bank)
Ahmad Fallah Hoseini Hosein Vazifehdust Ehsaneh Nejadmohammad NameghiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of brand attitude, electronic word-of-mouth advertising on willingness to pay, higher price with the role of customer brand identity. For this purpose, a standard questionnaire was designed and after verifying th MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of brand attitude, electronic word-of-mouth advertising on willingness to pay, higher price with the role of customer brand identity. For this purpose, a standard questionnaire was designed and after verifying the validity of the content and also verifying its reliability using Cronbach's alpha, the questionnaire was distributed among the customers of Saderat Bank who were selected by random sampling method. In order to check the research findings, Amos software was used.. The obtained results show that brand attitude has an effect on customer brand identity. Brand attitude affects customer brand equity. Electronic word-of-mouth advertising has an impact on customer brand identity. Electronic word-of-mouth advertising has an impact on customer brand equity. Customer brand identity affects willingness to pay more. Brand equity affects willingness to pay more. Key words: Willingness to pay; brand equity, customer brand identity, electronic word of mouth,, brand attitude, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Economic evaluation of Cultural Heritage Tourism, Case of Abbas: Mosque in Isfahan
M. Rajabi N. MousaviAbbasi Mosque was registered on the 15th of Daymah 1310 (1931) in the national index. The mosque is one of the architectural masterpieces, KashyKary and carvings in the eleventh century AH (the Safavid era) is a historical mosque and one of the country's historical and MoreAbbasi Mosque was registered on the 15th of Daymah 1310 (1931) in the national index. The mosque is one of the architectural masterpieces, KashyKary and carvings in the eleventh century AH (the Safavid era) is a historical mosque and one of the country's historical and cultural attractions. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic value of tourism of Abbasi Mosque as a heritage tourism attractions and measuring the willingness to pay by induiduals. The data were collocted by completing 550 questionnaires and interviews with visitors to the mosque. To analyze the factors affecting willingness to pay, the ordered probit model was used. Among the factors affecting willingness to pay, the effect of family size, level of knowledge and awareness, conservation of cultural heritage, attitude, level of income and entrance fee were statistically significant. Furthermore, on the findings, 5.94 persent of visitors were willing to pay to visit Abbasi Mosque. Furthermore, on the average, willingness to pay to visit Abbasi Mosque, was 561,375 Rials per household and the number of domestic visitors in 2010, tourism economic value of the cultural heritage of the domestic visitors and consumption surplus were over 3,560 and 2,370 million Rials, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Investigating the Role of Citizen Motivation and Citizenship Interactions of Retired Physical Education Teachers on Volunteerism in Education Sport
mitra hajizadeh mina hakakzadeh mohsen manochehriThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of motivation and citizenship interactions of retired physical education teachers on their willingness to volunteer in educational sport. The research method was survey. The statistical population of this study inclu MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of motivation and citizenship interactions of retired physical education teachers on their willingness to volunteer in educational sport. The research method was survey. The statistical population of this study included all retired physical education teachers who were active volunteers in educational activities. The statistical sample of the present study included 84 retired physical education teachers who participated in voluntary education sport events. The research tool consisted of Lanrow et al. (2017) 50-question research questionnaire. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were evaluated and validated using common methods. Structural equation method was used to analyze the research. The whole process of analysis was done in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the present study showed that citizenship interactions are influenced by the instrumental, occupational, and theatrical motivations of the voluntary retired physical education teachers in sport education. The present study also showed that instrumental motivation (impact= 0/382; t= 8/973), job motivation (impact= 0/176; t= 5/072) and Expressive Motivation (impact= 0/475; t= 14/792) has a significant effect on the willingness of voluntary retirement teachers to volunteer in education sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the students’ point of view and willingness regarding educational evaluation methods
معصومه فروزانی بهنام همتیEducational evaluations are seen as the main part of educational planning process, through which either learners are differentiated from each other and or instructors are helped to evaluate their performance. This study was aimed to investigate the students’ point MoreEducational evaluations are seen as the main part of educational planning process, through which either learners are differentiated from each other and or instructors are helped to evaluate their performance. This study was aimed to investigate the students’ point of views in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan regarding evaluation methods. It was done using survey method which included all the university students studying in bachelor and master science grade during 1393-94 as the study population (N=2200). A sample of 322 persons was selected using Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table in a simple random sampling manner. To gather the needed data, investigators developed a questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by a panel of agricultural extension and education faculty members of the university. Its reliability, also, was examined by calculating alpha Cronbach’s coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results showed that respondents are more interested in multi-choice questions rather than other evaluation methods, and less in oral exams. There were also significant relationships between respondents’ gender and willingness of them to use descriptive multi-choice items and their mean score and willingness to use oral exam, respectively at 0.01 and 0.05 levels of significance. Finally, the study concluded by respecting the students’ views in selecting the evaluation methods by instructors of classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Iranian Bilingual EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate across Gender
Zohreh SeifooriInteractive versatility in the global community is a vital skill that must be catered for particularly in EFL contexts where learners strive to achieve native like competence in order to enter the international market and compete with the numerous rivals who are floodin MoreInteractive versatility in the global community is a vital skill that must be catered for particularly in EFL contexts where learners strive to achieve native like competence in order to enter the international market and compete with the numerous rivals who are flooding the job market. This competence, however, grows gradually during years of attending language classes and through participation in communicative activities for which willingness to community (WTC) is essential and may be impacted by individual differences like gender and linguistic background. The main question addressed in the present study is the extent to which Iranian EFL learners may differ significantly in their WTC with respect to gender. To serve the purpose of the study, a random sample of 250 male and female bilingual Turkish-speaking EFL learners were recruited from three language institutes in Tabriz, Iran. They were asked to complete the WTC questionnaire to find out the level of their WTC. The independent samples t-test analysis of the findings revealed low levels of WTC for both groups with males reporting significantly higher WTC. The findings support sociocultural, psychological, and sociolinguistic variations that can lead to gender differences and will be discussed. Manuscript profile
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