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Open Access Article
1 - Presentation a Model of Factors Affecting Adoption of Electronic Banking Based on Grounded Theory (Case Study: Maskan Bank of IRAN)
Ali Omidi Vahid Reza Mirabi Edris Mahmoudi Mohammad Hossein RanjbarBackground: With the increasing development of the Internet and electronic commerce and their expansion among the people all over of the world, the way of providing bank services for the costumers has been also changed and influenced by the Internet and electronic comme MoreBackground: With the increasing development of the Internet and electronic commerce and their expansion among the people all over of the world, the way of providing bank services for the costumers has been also changed and influenced by the Internet and electronic commerce. Nowadays, physical interactions (face to face) between the customer and the bank staff are so decreased and it is replaced with virtual communications between the customers and the banks. Therefore, traditional banking (referring to the branch and doing all the transactions in person) has been changed to technology-oriented banking. Objective: This research is aimed at identifying a comprehensive pattern for acceptance of electronic banking in Bank Maskan in Iran. Methods: According to the systematic pattern of grounded theory, information technology managers of Bank Maskan in 20 provinces, as experts, were participated in a deep qualitative interview. After encoding the interviews in 3 stages, a model was identified for accepting electronic banking of Bank Maskan. Findings: The results showed that 8 factors are effective as factors influencing the acceptance of electronic banking. Conclusion:.The factors such as: cost saving, perceived conveniences, customers’ needs management, perceived trust, perceived confidence, perceived performance quality, perceived technical complexity, and perceived value.have impact on the acceptance of electronic banking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation of Direct Marketing Application in Non-profit Services Organizations (Case Study: Karaj’s Art Organizations)
M. A. Abdolvand K. Heidarzadeh M. Najafi pirastehIn the present competitive world of today, marketing people are looking for customers. One of theimportant communication means in business is promotion wich one of the tools is direct marketing. Asscience and technology progressed, direct marketing has extend more. As u MoreIn the present competitive world of today, marketing people are looking for customers. One of theimportant communication means in business is promotion wich one of the tools is direct marketing. Asscience and technology progressed, direct marketing has extend more. As using direct marketingmethods are cammon is developed countries, and they are also used in service organizations and nonprofitinstitutions, in this research the use of these means in non-profit servise organizations isanalyzed.This research is based on practical and mensurable methods and it is limited to istatisticpopulation of art organizations in Karaj in 2009. More over a number of software including SPSSStatistics 17, LISREL 8.54, SPLS M3 are used for analyzing the data.The data is gathered and proccesed via questionaries and the results are as following:The bigger the size of an art organizations is, the higher the degree of marketing effort will be; but ithas no effect on formalization of the organization.The formalization of an art organization has no effect an external integration; however, it is directlyrelated to managerial self confidence, marketing effort, and direct marketing implementation. Thehigher the managerial self confidence is, the better the direct marketing implementation will be. Thereare no relation between marketing effort and direct marketing implementation and seson-ticketsubscription; however, marketing effort causes the increase of sales performance and fundrisingperformance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Genetic Programming-based trust model for P2P Networks
Mahdi Sattarivand -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect Of Managers' Behavioral policy On Abnormal Transactions With Affiliates
nazanin bashirimanesh zohreh arefmanesh mohammad souriBackground: The main role of managers in companies is to make decisions in various areas such as investment, profit sharing policy, transactions with affiliates. One of the factors influencing managers' decision-making approaches is their behavioral policy.Objective: Th MoreBackground: The main role of managers in companies is to make decisions in various areas such as investment, profit sharing policy, transactions with affiliates. One of the factors influencing managers' decision-making approaches is their behavioral policy.Objective: The present study investigates the effect of managers' behavioral bias on abnormal transactions with affiliates.Methods: The statistical population of the study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 146 companies were selected as the sample of the research in a period of 7 years between 1392 to 1398. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from the Cadal site and companies' financial statements and in Excel preliminary calculations were performed and then Stata software was used to test the research hypotheses.Findings: The results show that managers' narcissism has a significant inverse effect on abnormal net credit and abnormal net sales. However, managers' overconfidence has a direct and significant effect on abnormal net worth and abnormal net sales. Also, managers' shortsightedness has a direct and significant effect on abnormal net credit and abnormal net sales.Conclusion: Transactions with affiliates allow the exchange of resources, services, or liabilities with individuals such as major shareholders, affiliates, and subsidiaries. Therefore, the behavioral policy of managers affects the use of transactions with affiliates in order to achieve personal goals or promote profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The impact of organizational learning on the need for success through self-confidence and individual mediation
mohammad zyaadiniThis research aims to study The effective factors upon the need to success in staff of the social security organization in South Khorasan Province in 2015. Statistical society of the research includes all employees employed in South Khorasan in the social security organ MoreThis research aims to study The effective factors upon the need to success in staff of the social security organization in South Khorasan Province in 2015. Statistical society of the research includes all employees employed in South Khorasan in the social security organization containing 350 people from which 184 people are selected as sample size by Cochrane modelling. This research is of correlation ones using sampling method of structural equations. Information is gathered by four questionnaires for achieving success, organizational learning, self confidence and individual skill among which questionnaire validity for achieving success is accounted equal. Research general results show that organizational learning has a direct, positive and meaningful effect on achieving success. Also, organizational learning affects achieving necessary success indirectly by medium variable of self confidence. And organizational learning doesn't affect achieving success indirectly by medium variable of individual skill. Also, individual skill affects achieving success indirectly by medium variable of self confidence. And finally some suggestions are presented such as providing necessary conditions for organizational learning by establishing viewpoints, knowledge and mental models of organization's members Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the effect of managers' on domestic financing policy and efficiency investment in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Reza Setoodeh Amrolah Zeinali kermani Hadi Bakhsh TanyaniBackground: The present study recognizes and examines the interaction between management overconfidence, internal financing and efficiency investment, practical foundations for management, government and capital market players, including potential and actual investors, MoreBackground: The present study recognizes and examines the interaction between management overconfidence, internal financing and efficiency investment, practical foundations for management, government and capital market players, including potential and actual investors, etc. in order to It will provide more attention to the interaction between management overconfidence and other variables.Objective of this research: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managers' on domestic financing policy and efficiency investment in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.Research Method: The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The period of 1390 to 1400 has been considered for this research. The data required for the research have been extracted from the financial information contained in the audited financial statements of statistical sample companies, Tadbir Pardaz software, New Rahavard software, Development Research and Islamic Studies management site of the Exchange and Securities Organization, as well as Kadal network. Spreadsheet (Excel) software has been used to prepare the necessary variables for use in hypothesis testing models. Eviews software, stata software and Spss software were used for final analysis. To analyze the data, the significance test of the mean differences using t-statistic and also, multivariate regression and logistic regression statistical models were used.Findings: According to the results of testing the first hypothesis, it shows that managers' overconfidence has a positive effect on investment efficiency on the amount of new investments in the company. In the second hypothesis test, the effect of senior managers' overconfidence on investment was investigated.Conclusion: The results of this study show that the amount of cash flow of each company has a direct effect on the sensitivity of investments and if the managers of companies have too much confidence, they have a great tendency to over-invest from the company's free cash flow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating and Analyzing Signs of Self-Confidence in the Images of the Movie "West Side" using Kress and Van Leon's Approach
zakiyeh hossein niaya salili farzaneh haratyanRepresentation is one of the fundamental concepts in media studies and the way in which the media shows events and realities. In this method, the words, images, music and other elements of the film are considered as signs that create different possible meanings through MoreRepresentation is one of the fundamental concepts in media studies and the way in which the media shows events and realities. In this method, the words, images, music and other elements of the film are considered as signs that create different possible meanings through them. Purpose: The current research aims to investigate and analyze the signs of self-confidence in the images of the West Side movie using Kress and Van Leon's approach. Research method: In this research, since it deals with moving images, music and words as media text, it has used a qualitative method with a semiotics approach to examine the visual signs in selected movies. Findings: The film is about love and racial rivalry between mafia and gangster groups in New York. Therefore, in the images of this film, the conflict between two groups is depicted, as well as the existence of competition and inequality, among all the images of this film, four images are selected to represent and analyze the psychological concept of "self-confidence" and the signs of self-confidence in They were checked. Conclusion: Being in stressful situations brings different emotional reactions such as anger, anxiety and depression. Therefore, using a suitable strategy to deal with the consequences of mental stress can reduce its effects on mental health Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Sensitivity Analysis of Banks Efficiency to the Financial Variables
ساناز رزم یانDiscriminant analysis is a classification method that can predict the group membership of a newly sampled observation. In discriminant analysis, classification of new observed data has an uncertainty. In this paper, the confidence degree is introduced to determine the c MoreDiscriminant analysis is a classification method that can predict the group membership of a newly sampled observation. In discriminant analysis, classification of new observed data has an uncertainty. In this paper, the confidence degree is introduced to determine the confidence of classification of new observed data. Then, a Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analysis is applied to an assessment of the influence of financial variables on the overall variance in defined confidence degree. The variables that have a dominant influence on the confidence of new observed data are identified. The result show that in changing classification of the new branch of banks, the uncertainties in the long-term deposits and loans granted variables are more significant than the uncertainties in other bank’s variables in decision making. Also, the personnel, non-benefit deposit and non-performing loans variables have little effect. The results open the door to better making decision on establishing a new bank’s branches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Impact of Investor and Managers' Behavioral Bias on the Stock Price Bubble in capital market of Iran
nazanin bashirimanesh shahnazi hosseinIn emerging capital markets, the inability of investors to analyze financial information, scarcity of information, as well as the impact of macroeconomic and political factors on financial markets, causes the investor to focus on market excitement and the behavior of ot MoreIn emerging capital markets, the inability of investors to analyze financial information, scarcity of information, as well as the impact of macroeconomic and political factors on financial markets, causes the investor to focus on market excitement and the behavior of other investors. The emotional and herd behaviors of investors are the source of the emergence of various anomalies such as price bubbles and the formation of sharp fluctuations in the market. Managers also have behavioral biases such as overconfidence, myopia and narcissism, which leads to a favorable image of the business and delays in presenting bad news, resulting in stock price bubbles. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of biases of investors and managers' behavior on the stock price bubble. The research sample included 129 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1392 to 398.To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression method with combined data was used.The results show that investors' behavioral distortions (emotional and herd behavior) increase the gap between the intrinsic stock price of the company and its value set by investors and lead to the formation of stock price bubbles. Managers' behavioral biases (overconfidence myopia and narcissism) also lead to the emergence of stock price bubbles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of Overconfidence on Investors Behaviors: Evidences from Tehran Stock Exchange
S. Morteza Mousavi M. Ebrahim AghababaeiIn its most basic form, overconfidence can be summarized as unwarranted faith in one’s intuitive reasoning, judgments, and cognitive abilities .The objective of this study is to examine the effects of this important bias on decisions of investors. Here, besides me MoreIn its most basic form, overconfidence can be summarized as unwarranted faith in one’s intuitive reasoning, judgments, and cognitive abilities .The objective of this study is to examine the effects of this important bias on decisions of investors. Here, besides measuring various aspects of overconfidence(mis calibration, illusion of control, optimism about future, better than average effect, volatility estimation), the relation between individual overconfidence aspects and three performance measures including trading volume of individual investors, number of orders and individual returnhas been tested. The result shows correlation coefficient of 0.747 with99 percent confidence level between overconfidence and number of orders. Also correlation coefficient of 0.695 with99 percent confidence level exists between overconfidence and order volume and finally more overconfidence does not result in more individual returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Examination of the Relation between Managerial Overconfidence and Financing Policies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Kazem Chavoshi Mohammad Rastegar Mohsen MirzaeeOne of the most important decisions faced the firm's managers, is financing decision. Making this kind of decisions has important effects on stockholders’ risk and wealth. However recognizing the factors that affect these decisions has more importance. Many factor MoreOne of the most important decisions faced the firm's managers, is financing decision. Making this kind of decisions has important effects on stockholders’ risk and wealth. However recognizing the factors that affect these decisions has more importance. Many factors influence the financing decisions in the firms that can be classified into two groups: the factors related to firm structure such as agency problems, firm size, insolvency and factors which are related to the management behavioral characteristics such as conservatism, overconfidence. This paper is going to study the effect of one of the psychological factors (overconfidence) on firm's financing decisions. For this purpose we use a panel data of 157 firms from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2006-2012 The results – based on fixed effect panel data method – show that there is no relation between managerial overconfidence and financing decisions. In addition, it has shown that there are significant relations between growth opportunity, firm size and insolvency risk with financing decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investors Cognitive biases Effect on Stock Valuation
هاشم نیکومرام فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی فرشاد هیبتی شهره یزدانیFrom 1980, when behavioral Faineance was raised, rationality of investors andstock exchange efficiency were criticized. The behavioral finance literature assumesthat investors are subject to behavioral biases and overreact or under react toinformation received that resu MoreFrom 1980, when behavioral Faineance was raised, rationality of investors andstock exchange efficiency were criticized. The behavioral finance literature assumesthat investors are subject to behavioral biases and overreact or under react toinformation received that results in stock misevaluation.In this paper stock misevaluation is measured following Rodes-Kropf et.al.(2005)and based on financial information of individual firms and industries .This model presents a new measure of examining misevaluation and predictingfuture stock return.After examining the models in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE), we constructportfolios on Misv and then investigate investors reaction to the information trends.The results show that there are overreaction and under reaction in TSE affected byRepresentativeness bias and overconfidence and MISV is related with firm size, B/Mratio, liquidity rate, firm age, past stock price and return and EPS Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The effectiveness test of customer concentration on cash holdings adjustment speed in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammad Amin RastegarCompanies operate in environments where the company's ability to make a profit alone cannot guarantee the company's growth and survival. But maintaining the balance between business growth and social growth is expected to increase the company's profitability to some ext MoreCompanies operate in environments where the company's ability to make a profit alone cannot guarantee the company's growth and survival. But maintaining the balance between business growth and social growth is expected to increase the company's profitability to some extent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the adjusting role of real profit management on the relationship between organizational risk management and management overconfidence with social responsibilities in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, 101 companies (707 year-company views) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1392 to 1398 have been studied. In order to test the research hypotheses, the multiple linear regression model was used using panel data. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational risk management and managerial overconfidence with corporate social responsibilities. Also, the research findings showed that real profit management weakens the relationship between organizational risk management and managerial overconfidence with corporate social responsibilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Impact of ownership concentration on the relationship between management overconfidence and debt maturity of firms.
Farzin Rezaei maryam moradiDebt structure is one of the key indicators that determine the company's success, and it contributes to a sustainable growth of the company. Hence, debt-critical debt-critical decisions are critical to the survival of companies. In this paper, the effect of ownership co MoreDebt structure is one of the key indicators that determine the company's success, and it contributes to a sustainable growth of the company. Hence, debt-critical debt-critical decisions are critical to the survival of companies. In this paper, the effect of ownership concentration on the relationship between management over-liability and corporate debt maturity in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and in the period between 1386 and 1395 was investigated. In the same vein, the debt was classified into three categories of short-term, medium-term and long-term debt and tested for its uncertainty. The results of the survey of 79 companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between short-term and medium-term debt with management over-reliance. Also, there is a significant and significant relationship between long-term debt repayment with the uncertainty of management and the existence of a significant and negative relationship The concentration of ownership on the relationship between short-term and long-term debt did not have a significant effect on management's uncertainty, and the concentration of ownership on the relationship between the expected medium-term debt and the management's uncertainty was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Analysis on trading behavior of individual and institutional investors in Tehran Stock Exchange From the perspective of behavioral bias and factors affecting it
Naser Jamshidi Hassan Ghalibaf AslThe aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of individual and institutional investors in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we examined the portfolio statement of individual and institutional investors during a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. The resu MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of individual and institutional investors in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, we examined the portfolio statement of individual and institutional investors during a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. The result show that Investors’ behavior reflects some behavioral biases. Specifically, both individual and institutional investors tend to sell stocks that have appreciated in price, but not those that have depreciated in price (consistent with a disposition effect), although this tendency is more for individual investors. They also appear to believe that past returns are indicative of future returns (a representativeness bias), and their trading behavior shows that they are overconfidence. In the following, to investigate the effect of characteristics of investors on the cognitive errors, behavioral biases and trading error are investigated based on characteristics of investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Membership Effect in Student Council to Improve Learning Connection Skills in Guidance School Student of Garmsar City
Soudabeh Sadat Mousavi Fakhreddin Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
17 - The Relationship between Trust and Consumer Confidence with Acceptance of Retail Brands (Case Study: Hakoopian)
A. Bajlan M. Mansoori R. Sha′abaniPurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation of trust and reliance of consumerswith the acceptance of retail detergents brandsMethodology: The population of the research consists of all the customers of Hakoopian stores of Tehran in the year MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation of trust and reliance of consumerswith the acceptance of retail detergents brandsMethodology: The population of the research consists of all the customers of Hakoopian stores of Tehran in the year 1391, 450 people are chosen as the sample and the questioners distributed among these people and of these questioners 390questioners were analyzed. Tools for information collection in questioners were standard and consist of 17 questions the reliability coefficient of this questioner was 0.92 that was calculated by distributing 30 questioners and using Cronbach’s alpha. To analyzing the data and testing hypotheses SPSS software is used.Findings: Analyzing the testing hypotheses in this research showed that consumers’ attitude of the retail detergents brands has positive relation with their purchase intention. Our analysis shows that there is linear and direct relationship between the consumers’ attitude of retail detergents brands and their purchase intention. Perceived benefits of retail detergents brands have positive relationship with the consumers’ attitude. Consumers’ trust on retail detergents brands has positive relationship with their perceived benefits. Consumers’ reliance on retail detergents brands has positive relationship with their perceived benefits.Practical implications: The variables of “trust” and “confidence/pessimism” facilitate a more effective utilization of the marketing mix with regard to retail brands.Originality/value: The paper provides novel insights into consumer behavior with regard to detergent retail brands. In particular, the variable of “confidence/pessimism” is especially relevant in the context of the prevailing adverse economic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The Impact overconfidence managers on Cost Stickiness
Mohammadreza Abdoli Marzieh GholamiThis study was aimed to investigate the relationship between managerial overconfidence and cost stickiness at the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population consisted of 127 companies trading at the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2013. In order to separate co MoreThis study was aimed to investigate the relationship between managerial overconfidence and cost stickiness at the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population consisted of 127 companies trading at the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2013. In order to separate cost stickiness as a dependent variable, the variables of general and administrative cost stickiness, cost of goods sold, and selling and distribution costs were used. According to the results, it can be concluded that managerial overconfidence has a significant positive relationship with general and administrative cost stickiness, selling and distribution costs, and cost of goods sold. In other words, the lower managerial confidence is, the lower cost stickiness will be. The results also indicated that combining the variables of sales intensity, sales, and managerial overconfidence as well as sales intensity, sales, and representation theory had no significant impact on selling and administrative cost stickiness, cost of goods sold, distribution, and sales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Managerial Overconfidence and Earnings Overstatement
Solaleh NasiriPour Dori Bahman Banimahd Hamid AhmadzadehThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between earnings management and managerial overconfidence in listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study has attempted to answer the question as to whether that overconfidence from the chief e MoreThe main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between earnings management and managerial overconfidence in listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study has attempted to answer the question as to whether that overconfidence from the chief executive officer can impact firm's earnings management. To answer the question of this study, we have investigated 915 year-firm observations from listed firms on Tehran Stock Exchange from 2004-2014. Data analysis and hypothesis testing was performed by using binary logistic regression. The results confirmed that as managerial overconfidence increased, then the earnings overstatement will increases. In addition, the results indicated that there is a significant and negative correlation between debt ratio and size of the firms with maximization of earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The effects of judgmental biases on managerial accounting techniques
فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی هاشم نیکومرام آرزو جلیلیThe main objective of this article is to investigate the effects and consequences ofbehavioral biases – at the judgmental level – on managerial accounting techniques. Inthis respect, the individual judgmental biases – including: Over Confidence, Optimi MoreThe main objective of this article is to investigate the effects and consequences ofbehavioral biases – at the judgmental level – on managerial accounting techniques. Inthis respect, the individual judgmental biases – including: Over Confidence, Optimism,Hindsight, and Representativeness biases, - are treated as independent variables, whilethe managerial accounting techniques functions– including: Budgeting and Forecasting,Evaluating the undesirable consequences of the risk, Performance Evaluation, TakingRisky Options, Ranking and Weighting the potentiality of the risk in different ventures,and feedback assessment of the risk potentiality, - are considered as dependentvariables.The Structural Equation Modeling Technique, with Maximum Accuracy (ML) hasbeen utilized for hypothesis test. The following results are the overall findings:1) The results showed that, there is an opposite relationship between OverConfidence and Optimism biases, on one hand, and managerial accountingtechniques on the other hand;2) A meaningful straight linkage between Hindsight bias and managerialaccounting techniques was observed;3) No potential relationship between Representativeness bias and the dependentvariable could be found; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Promoting Social Confidence by Identifying and Ranking Audit Quality Improvement Strategies from the Stakeholder Perspective by Trapezoidal Fuzzy Method
Asghar karami reza gholami jamkarani Yousef Taghipouryan zohreh hajihaSince the two essential characteristics of the audit profession are serving the community and gaining the public's trust, auditors' social responsibility is important in promoting social trust, information transparency, and public confidence. The end-product of auditing MoreSince the two essential characteristics of the audit profession are serving the community and gaining the public's trust, auditors' social responsibility is important in promoting social trust, information transparency, and public confidence. The end-product of auditing is used by investors, creditors, regulators, governments and the general public, the perception of audit quality varies among stakeholders, and is a multidimensional concept. because previous research has identified only a limited group to determine the factors affecting audit quality and given the environmental conditions of the auditing profession in Iran, many areas that could affect the quality of auditing have been overlooked. This research seeks to enhance this understanding Level of social trust by identifying and ranking auditor quality improvement strategies Is the view of stakeholders .In this study, based on the areas of the financial reporting supply chain and using the Delphi method and the trapezoidal fuzzy entropy, various aspects of audit quality and rating. The strategies for its improvement were studied. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature.From the experts' point of view, strategies such as: "increasing the accountability of managers, exercising strong oversight over the activities of auditing firms to ensure full professional independence, supervision and professional care ؛ Training and quality control, evidence-based commenting, applying secure referral guidelines and contract pricing, and strong oversight to prevent job referrals, increasing auditors' legal responsibility for professional reporting, monitoring of the activities of the institutions, committed and independent use of financial managers, "to improve audit quality are of special importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The value relevance of management overconfidence with mediation effect of costs stickiness
Zahra Farhadi Abdolhossein Talebi Najafabadi Narjes Kamali KermaniThe Extra-assurance management is one of the most important characteristics of executives that effect on financial decision. When sales decline, overconfident managers, ensure to their capabilities to restore previous levels of sale. It is therefore more likely to overe MoreThe Extra-assurance management is one of the most important characteristics of executives that effect on financial decision. When sales decline, overconfident managers, ensure to their capabilities to restore previous levels of sale. It is therefore more likely to overestimating sales will be in the near future, the result will be an increase in cost stickiness. However, the cost stickiness by manipulating the natural process costs and expected costs could affect informational content. The confidence comes through influencing management costs stickiness (connection interface), can also affect the value relevance. So management overconfidence comes through influencing costs stickiness, can also affect the value relevance. Hypothesis test results during the years 2007 and 2017 showed that showed that the relationship between cost stickiness and management overconfidence is significant positive. On the other hand the relationship between management overconfidence and value relevance is significant negative. The third hypothesis of the research about the effect of management overconfidence through the costs stickiness on the value relevance could not be verified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - REVIEWING THE METHODS OF DEVELOPING THE INVOLVMENT OF PEOPLE IN TOURISM INDUSTRY (Studied case: Khouzestan province)
Hossein Mozaffar Mina Isfahani Ali PadashIn this article, in order to identify the methods of developing the involvementof people in improving the tourism industry in Khouzestan province, theimportance of tourism industry and its role in the national income of thecountry are first pointed out. Afterwards, the MoreIn this article, in order to identify the methods of developing the involvementof people in improving the tourism industry in Khouzestan province, theimportance of tourism industry and its role in the national income of thecountry are first pointed out. Afterwards, the condition of Iran is describedwith its background of ancient civilization and variety of attractions andoutstanding regional position. This article which deals with studying themethods of developing the involvement of people in improving the tourismindustry, reviews some variables including people’s confidence on securityand judicial organizations, people’s confidence in Islamic Republic of Iranand the informing work of media which affect individual’s involvement indeveloping tourism industry. This is done according to the data from theinvestigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - A study of effective social and cultural factors in social identity (A case study of Hshtgerd city)
Gholamabbas Tavassoli Mehdi Asl-e Zaiem -
Open Access Article
25 - Quality of Management Performance, Information Confidence and market Confidence
mohammad hashemikhah asgar pakmaram nader rezaei ahmad mohammadiThe impact of information on prices is the core of the market. This means that as soon as new information is released, an immediate and immediate response occurs, and prices change. Research on how stock prices react to market-level information and the company's specifi MoreThe impact of information on prices is the core of the market. This means that as soon as new information is released, an immediate and immediate response occurs, and prices change. Research on how stock prices react to market-level information and the company's specific information in the financial literature has received special attention. The main purpose of the present experimental study is to determine the effect of quality of management performance on information confidence indicators and market confidence indicators. To measure the quality of management performance from the management ability index of Demerjian et al (2012), to measure information reliability from the interaction between information quality assurance and cash flow reliability and to measure market confidence from three indicators of arbitrage risk, stock volatility and value risk. The stock market has been used. The statistical population of this study includes companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the data studied in this study include 150 Firm from 2008 to 2018. The research method is correlational and postoperative causality and the hypothesis testing method is correlation and regression test. The results of this study showed that the quality of management performance has a positive and significant effect on market confidence and no evidence was obtained on the effect of quality of management performance on information confidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Behavioral factors affecting on investors behavior in Iran different cultures
shahla ghorbani bejandi shadi shahverdianiSentiment and cognitive errors affect in decisions of investors when buying and selling stock.Cognitive Errors are kind of cognitive vulnerability in information processing.Factors such as culture cause bias in the decision-making process.The aim of this study is surve MoreSentiment and cognitive errors affect in decisions of investors when buying and selling stock.Cognitive Errors are kind of cognitive vulnerability in information processing.Factors such as culture cause bias in the decision-making process.The aim of this study is survey investors' behavioral biases including Over Confidence, Regret Aversion and Conservatism with an emphasis on culture factor.Questionnaires were collecting data from random investors of Tehran, Ahvaz, Tabriz, Isfahan, and Mashhad cities. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Validity and Cronbach's Alpha also showed the credibility of the questionnaire. Our study showed, there is a significant correlation between culture and Over Confidence bias and relationship does not exit between Regret Aversion bias, Conservatism and culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The relationship between managers' overconfidence, inflation uncertainty and overinvestment
reza Gholami Jamkarani rahman aaliThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between managers' overconfidence, uncertainty about inflation and overinvestment. In order to achieve this goal, 136 companies from the research community were selected as the sample using a screening metho MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between managers' overconfidence, uncertainty about inflation and overinvestment. In order to achieve this goal, 136 companies from the research community were selected as the sample using a screening method and examined during the period of 1390-1394. In order to measure the managers' excessive trust in the excessive managerial trust index, for uncertainty about inflation the future changes in the general level of prices and for the overinvestment than the difference (as the remainder of the regression) between the real level of investment and the estimated level of investment are used. The hypotheses of the research were based on multiple regressions using the compiled data. The results indicate that there is significant relationship between managers' overconfidence, uncertainty about inflation and over investment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effects of Managers’ over confidence on Voluntarily Information Disclosure and Social Responsibility of Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mansoureh Haji Hashemi Varnoosafadarani Mohammad Reza AbdoliIn this research, 126 companies as a sample of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2009-2010 were surveyed to investigate the effect of managers’ over confidence bias(as one of the behavioral biases) on two variables including the volunt MoreIn this research, 126 companies as a sample of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2009-2010 were surveyed to investigate the effect of managers’ over confidence bias(as one of the behavioral biases) on two variables including the voluntary disclosure of information and social responsibility. The results of using the random effects model for both models showed that the sign of all the coefficients of the model variables were in agreement with the expected theoretical basis and all the estimated coefficients were statistically significant. R-squared of the voluntary disclosure model was 99% and in the social responsibility model 93%, which shows the good explanatory power of the patterns. Thus, it can be stated that there is a meaningful relationship between the more over confidence of managers and the amount of disclosure of information voluntarily and social responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Survey on Mediator Role of Intangible Assets in Managerial Overconfidence and Capital Return (ROIC)
Amir Hossein ErzaThe present research mainly aims to investigate effect of managerial overconfidence on return of investment and review on mediating role of intangible assets on this relationship in the listed enterprises in Tehran Stock and Exchange Organization (TSEO). The current inv MoreThe present research mainly aims to investigate effect of managerial overconfidence on return of investment and review on mediating role of intangible assets on this relationship in the listed enterprises in Tehran Stock and Exchange Organization (TSEO). The current investigation has studied the model of combined data annually for time period (2011-16) in a sample composed of 194 companies which have been selected out of the listed enterprises in TSEO Organization using systematic deletion. The results of this study indicated that there was significant relationship among managerial overconfidence and return of capital. In addition, there is significant relationship among managerial overconfidence and return of capital given the rate of investment in intangible assets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Providing a Model of the Effect of Uncertainty about the Inflation Rate and More Trust of Managers on the Increase in Investment (Case Study: Fellowship Affiliated Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange)
Houshang Alipour Reza Tehrani Abotorab Alirezaei Ghanbar Abbaspour EsfndanThe main purpose of the present research is to provide a model for the effect of uncertainty about the inflation rate and more trust of managers on the increase in investment. This research is considered to be a practical part of the research. Also, this methodology is MoreThe main purpose of the present research is to provide a model for the effect of uncertainty about the inflation rate and more trust of managers on the increase in investment. This research is considered to be a practical part of the research. Also, this methodology is post-event research. On the other hand, the present study is of descriptive survey type correlation based on regression equations. The statistical population of this research includes all financial distressed companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 1390 and 1396. Considering the systematic constraints, the statistical sample of 122 firms among the companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Selected and studied.The results of the analysis showed that in the uncertainty of inflation conditions, the level of double investment of companies is not increased. Also, the results showed that the uncertainty of inflation does not reduce the trustworthiness of corporate managers. On the other hand, the results show that managers with a higher level of trust are more interested in investing twice. Finally, under the uncertainty of inflation, managers with a higher level of trust than those with lower confidence, do not pay more double investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency
Afshin shalchi Zadollah Fathi Hossein ShafieiAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects that add value to the company, managers' mental states, including those of managers' overconfidence, play a significant role in selecting investment projects. On the other hand, managers' over-confident influence on investment efficiency can be indirectly influenced by growth opportunities. This research is causal, post-event and applied. To conduct this research, a sample of 156 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2018 was selected. Based on the combined data method and multivariate linear logistic regression analysis, the research findings showed that managers' overconfidence leads to increase / decrease of over / under investment. Also, according to Baron & Kenny (1986), managers' trust is influenced not only directly but also indirectly by growth opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - provide a model to check MANAGERS' OVERCONFIDENCE, RISK PREFERENCE, HERD BEHAVIOR AND NON-EFFICIENT INVESTMENT( approach based on game theory )
Vahideh Asgari Yahya Kamyabi Mehdi Khalil poortoday , herding behavior , which is one of the most important behavioral biases among investors , managers and investors , therefore plays an important role in risk acceptance , stock return and investment portfoliothe purpose of this study is to provide a model for ass Moretoday , herding behavior , which is one of the most important behavioral biases among investors , managers and investors , therefore plays an important role in risk acceptance , stock return and investment portfoliothe purpose of this study is to provide a model for assessment of overconfidence , risk priority , aggregate behavior and inefficient investors based on game theory . to achieve this goal , data were gathered based on statistical data and questionnaire and the number of questionnaires were collected and the hypotheses were analyzed by pls and lingo . the results show that overconfidence , risk priority and aggregate behavior have a significant relationship with inefficient investment . overconfidence affects the relationship between aggregate behavior and inefficient investment . overconfidence affects the relationship between risk priority and inefficient investment . the findings of this research may provide the benefits of all parties competing in economic evaluation of investment alternatives and bring them to balance in the interests that all parties feel satisfied and satisfied . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigating the mediating role of factors affecting behavior (risk tolerance, self-confidence and strategic thinking) in the relationship between emotional intelligence and the quality of judgment and decision-making of investors.
zahra mirzazadeh shohreh yazdani mohammadhamed Khanmohammadi Tahereh Mahmoudian DastnaeeThe purpose of the current research is to explain the factors influencing behavior (risk taking, self-confidence and strategic thinking) on the relationship between emotional intelligence and the quality of investment judgment and decision making. The research method is MoreThe purpose of the current research is to explain the factors influencing behavior (risk taking, self-confidence and strategic thinking) on the relationship between emotional intelligence and the quality of investment judgment and decision making. The research method is analytical and correlational in terms of goal, and quantitative and applied in terms of the research process. The statistical population includes people with a stock exchange code, which was determined by the software to have a sample size of 366 people. In order to measure the variables, relevant standard questionnaires have been used. The data collected by SMART PLS/4 software has been analyzed and the results of the hypothesis test show that emotional intelligence has an effect on the personality traits of self-confidence, risk-taking, strategic thinking, and the quality of judgment and decision-making. It is positive and significant, and strategic thinking has a partial mediation role on the relationship between the independent variable of emotional intelligence and the dependent variable of judgment and decision-making quality, but the variables of self-confidence and risk-taking are not mediators. It is suggested that investors, by strengthening their emotional intelligence and strategic thinking, fight against the psychological mistakes of investing and improve the returns of their investments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Impact of Management Overconfidence on Value Creation and Stock Return Risk
Amir Faridnia Behrooz EskandarpoorThis research investigate the impact of management over confidence ( on based two index of investment more than sales growth and profit tendentious prediction ) on value creation ( on based diversification indexes stock return involved stock maintains return , special a MoreThis research investigate the impact of management over confidence ( on based two index of investment more than sales growth and profit tendentious prediction ) on value creation ( on based diversification indexes stock return involved stock maintains return , special and unusual risk ) and firm’s stock return risk in Tehran stock exchange . In general , the use of a sample of stock market companies between 1386 / 1395 suggests that there is a significant difference between the stock return of companies with over_ executives and companies that do not have such managers. There is also no significant difference between the stock of innovative stock companies with the unconditional confidence of the management and other companies. also, there was no significant difference between the stock return of innovative companies with excessive management confidence and other companies. The results show that the exist once of management over confidence has a negative and significant effect on stock return risk and despite the excessive assurance of management (based on both of the criteria examined) Stock return risk has decreased significantly . the other result show that the status of innovative companies with excessive management confidence has not been able to have a significant effect the on stock return risk and there is a significant difference the return risk of innovative companies with excessive assurance management and other companies do not exist . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - A comparative survey on behavioral factors on financial assets investment
Hamidreza Kordlouie Nader Dashti Razieh SeifollahiSince 1980s by appearing behavioral finance literature, logically investment hypothesis and also efficient market ruined. The mentioned literature states that some biases cause on decision making while trading shares. This study investigates the effect of some behaviora MoreSince 1980s by appearing behavioral finance literature, logically investment hypothesis and also efficient market ruined. The mentioned literature states that some biases cause on decision making while trading shares. This study investigates the effect of some behavioral elements on security investment. The aforesaid elements are Regret aversion, Disposition effect, Mental accounting, over confidence, Representativeness, Herding behavior, Conservatism and Endowment effect. In order to do the study, a sample of 385 investors in stock market was chosen and data was gathered through a questionnaire. Statistical tests examined the research hypotheses. Results show that all factors have a significant effect on investors'' decision-making exclude over-confidence. Due to different affection, the elements were rated. Rating indicates that the sequence of them is as follow: 1-Mental accounting, 2-Disposition effect, 3- Conservatism, 4- Herding behavior, 5- Representativeness, 6-Endowment effect, 7- Regret aversion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Test inflation uncertainty and overinvestment with emphasis on managerial overconfidence
Mehdi Alinezhad Saroukolayi Zabihollah Taheri Keyvan AkbarpourInvestment is one of the most important and effective factors on growth and development of economy. Shareholders and stakeholders expect managers to recognize the best investment opportunities to achieve the ideal efficiency. In this research, investment by the listed f MoreInvestment is one of the most important and effective factors on growth and development of economy. Shareholders and stakeholders expect managers to recognize the best investment opportunities to achieve the ideal efficiency. In this research, investment by the listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange is studied considering fluctuations in inflation and the effect of managers overconfidence as two factors. The research population consists 193 companies from 2011 – 2015. To test overinvestment, In this research employed Bidel et al (2009) model. The results show that fluctuation in inflation has no effect on overinvestment. Also, it shows that managers overconfidence has direct and meaningful impact on overinvestment. Moreover, managers overconfidence is an effective factor on inflation and overinvestment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Anxiety Management and Psychological Teachings of the Holy Quran
mohammad hossain tavanayi farahnaz eshagh teymouri Abstract The emotional arousal associated with fear is known anxiety and stress that is of the major concerns of modern societies. In this article, using the verses of the Holy Quran and the opinions and views of the interpreters and different schools of psych More Abstract The emotional arousal associated with fear is known anxiety and stress that is of the major concerns of modern societies. In this article, using the verses of the Holy Quran and the opinions and views of the interpreters and different schools of psychology, we try to identify the nature and symptoms of anxiety and to review its management. Psychologists have practiced the anxiety management regarding the different schools of psychology such as psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and cognitive perspectives and deliver practical solutions such as free association, interpretation, transference, resistance, and removing regularly sensitivity and treatment of stable role. The Holy Quran has expressed this issue through symmetries such as: earthquake, tremble, awe, fear, fright, scare and ... and for relaxation and anxiety management has noted feeling and behavioral strategies such as: faith, remembrance of God and intimacy with the beloved one, the appeal of the unseen infinite power, trust, non-attachment to the world and .... . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Humorous tricks in the works of Obaid Zakani and their communication use
Seyyede Elham Bagheri Ahmad KhatamiThe main purpose of this study is to express the liberating and relieving ‎effects of the techniques of humor and jokes in the works of Obaid Zakani ‎to prove its communication function (known as the safety valve) based on ‎the Game Theory. The collected doc MoreThe main purpose of this study is to express the liberating and relieving ‎effects of the techniques of humor and jokes in the works of Obaid Zakani ‎to prove its communication function (known as the safety valve) based on ‎the Game Theory. The collected documentation are presented and analyzed ‎in several sections: First, among all types of discourses, humor and jokes ‎establish the most effective, popular and lasting level of communication in ‎media and mass communication. Second, the liberating and relieving ‎functions of humor (Liberation Theory) play a kind of game with the ‎audience and have effective and therapeutic functions for the collective ‎psyche of a society at the same time with their awareness-raising effect. ‎Third, not considering the public’s negative judgments about the concept ‎of "the Safety Valve", humor and jokes with liberating and soothing effects ‎can positively affect the collective psyche. Moreover, the ability to ‎transcend time and space, as well as the ability to upgrade tricks and ‎humor techniques in new formats, can prevent serious harm to society - ‎whether mental or physical. In addition, while being aware of and ‎surrounded by the target issues of humor and jokes and the educational ‎feature of humor, a public enjoying a calmer and more confident mind and ‎spirit can discover its coordinates and find a solution to resolve it. In this ‎study, the research data were obtained through a library method and the ‎samples were obtained from Obaid Zakani's works employing a non-‎random sampling method.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Financial Constraint and Managerial Overconfidence on Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity
Ramtin Falahat Fatemeh Samadi Mostafa Hashemi TilehnoueiPurpose: Access to cash flow is primarily important for the substantiation of corporation investment plans but in various situations, the effect of cash flow on investment may change. Accordingly, the present study has dealt with the impact of financial constraints and MorePurpose: Access to cash flow is primarily important for the substantiation of corporation investment plans but in various situations, the effect of cash flow on investment may change. Accordingly, the present study has dealt with the impact of financial constraints and managerial overconfidence on investment-cash flow sensitivity. Method: The statistical sample consisted of 153 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2021. The required data were collected from audited financial statements in Coda website. 8 hypotheses were proposed in this study and then tested using regression econometrics with fixed effects and Probit regression in EViews.Results: Cash flow has a significantly positive effect on investment and overinvestment. Moreover, financial constraint increases positive investment and overinvestment-cash flow sensitivity although managerial overconfidence has no significant impact on investment and overinvestment sensitivity to cash flow. Yet, when the correlation between financial constraint and managerial overconfidence is considered, positive investment and overinvestment-cash flow sensitivity is reinforced which indicates the important role of financial constraint on adopting investment decisions.Conclusion: By supporting the theory of investment-cash flow sensitivity, findings of the study show that financial constraint, managerial overconfidence, and cash flow all have a vital effect on corporation investment decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A Theoretical Study of Managers' Behavioral Trait of Overconfidence in Managerial Decision Makings
Nafiseh Ghomi Mojgan Safa Zohreh Hajiha Reza Gholami JamkaraniPurpose: The purpose of the present study is the theoretical review of managers' behavioral trait of overconfidence in managerial decision making.Method: The method of the current research is historical exploration within the framework of library study as a theoretical- MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study is the theoretical review of managers' behavioral trait of overconfidence in managerial decision making.Method: The method of the current research is historical exploration within the framework of library study as a theoretical-analytical research.Results: Managers who have a high level of self-confidence are mostly optimistic about their decisions and their impact on investment decisions. Financial reporting risk in companies with optimistic managers is higher.Conclusion: In general, there is a favorable level of managerial overconfidence that brings about more benefits for the managers in their occupation. However, when it goes over its favorable level, it would lead to inefficient investment and may even damage the value of the company. It is suggested to legislators and stockholders in companies to pay more attention to managers' traits and their commitment to accounting standards and principles in order to decrease the risk of financial reporting deviation in corporations. In this regard, improvement of the organizational structure of companies can be effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Trust-based routing in wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic
H. Moemenzadeh Haghighi fatemeh bavi masoud etesamiWireless sensor networks, network generation with high potential in the field of the most unpredictable and dynamic environments .. However, this network because of its open media, Changing and dynamic topology and routing algorithms is fragile. Ad hoc networks and wire MoreWireless sensor networks, network generation with high potential in the field of the most unpredictable and dynamic environments .. However, this network because of its open media, Changing and dynamic topology and routing algorithms is fragile. Ad hoc networks and wireless networks support different features, such as dynamic self-organizing, self-configuring, self-correction, high scalability, easy maintenance and reliable services, Despite its many features already mentioned, this network is very susceptible to damage from attacks. The absence of a central control system known weakness is perhaps the most important reason. Hierarchical dynamic network topology also allows the implementation of security mechanisms disclaims grid design. By reliable way to offer solutions that can change the nature of attacks against network node that is a dangerous counter attack in this area and to restore network . Characteristic features of the method, computational overhead and minimal power dissipation on the one hand and preventing attacks on the network works. Strategy and the proposed mechanism is evaluated using the simulator NS2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Effect of Narcissistic Managers on Internal and External Social Performance With a Moderating Role of Overconfidence
nazanin bashirimanesh seyyed hesam vaghfi kobra shamsodininThe narcissistic managers try to be active and active in the field of social activities in order to gain fame and magnification, and in this way, they cover their weaknesses and gain more benefits. On the other hand, narcissistic managers are more likely to have overcon MoreThe narcissistic managers try to be active and active in the field of social activities in order to gain fame and magnification, and in this way, they cover their weaknesses and gain more benefits. On the other hand, narcissistic managers are more likely to have overconfidence in their attitudes and abilities. According to this ,The purpose of this study is to investigate the narcissism of managers and internal and external social performance with emphasis on overconfidence. For this purpose, a sample of 129 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2021 were reviewed. Research hypotheses were tested using combined data and using multiple and Logit regression in Stata and Eviews software. Findings from the test of research hypotheses show that managers 'narcissism has a positive and significant effect on managers' social performance in the internal and external field. Narcissistic managers participate in social activities in order to show off and attract the attention of internal and external stakeholders. The findings also showed that overconfidence has a negative and significant effect on the relationship between managers' narcissism and internal and external social performance. Accordingly, managers' false self-confidence reduces the positive effect of managerial narcissism on social performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The effect of managers' overconfidence on financial reporting tone
nazanin bashirimanesh nayyer ourojoghliDescriptive expression of financial statements can be very important because of the ability to express positive or negative of news and information and ultimately affect users. Managers can distract users' perceptions of explanatory reports using text tone management. T MoreDescriptive expression of financial statements can be very important because of the ability to express positive or negative of news and information and ultimately affect users. Managers can distract users' perceptions of explanatory reports using text tone management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of managers' overconfidence on the financial reporting tone. For this purpose, a sample of 129 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2014 to 2020 were reviewed. In this study, managers' overconfidence was measured in terms of three methods of capital expenditure, over investment and debt ratio, and research hypotheses were tested using combined data and multiple regression in SATA and EVIEWS software. Findings from the test of research hypotheses show, that when managers' overconfidence is in the form of over-investment and increase in capital expenditures, has a positive and significant relationship with using of positive words in financial statements. Therefore, in this case, due to the overconfidence and optimism of the manager, the simple and unexpected tone of financial reporting has more positive words and becomes optimistic. But if the overconfidence behavior of manager occurs in the form of increasing the amount of debt and receiving bank facilities, it has a negative and significant relationship with the simple and unexpected tone of financial reporting. Therefore, in this case, due to the increase in financial risk of the company, the use of positive words in financial reporting is less. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect Of Financial statement comparability on corporate debt maturity with emphasis on the role of Managers’ Overconfidence
Hengameh veysizadeh Allah Karam SalehiComparability is also one of the key quality features of accounting information that facilitates the comparison of financial statements, comparability in the capital market and debt is very important for investors and creditors; Because investment and lending decisions MoreComparability is also one of the key quality features of accounting information that facilitates the comparison of financial statements, comparability in the capital market and debt is very important for investors and creditors; Because investment and lending decisions are based on evaluating alternative opportunities or projects, without this comparable information, no optimal decision can be made. Due to the importance of this issue, in this study, the effect of comparability of financial statements on debt maturity structure with emphasis on the role of managers' overconfidence in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2020 using the information of 144 companies using the generalized least squares and generalized moment procedure regression has been investigated. The research method is applied, descriptive and with deductive-inductive approach. To measure the comparability of financial statements, the model of De Franco et al. (2011) and following the research of Ahmed and Duellman (2013) to measure managers' overconfidence, over-investment has been used. The results using both methods show that the comparability of financial statements reduces the debt maturity structure and managers' overconfidence leads to an increase in the debt maturity structure. Managers' overconfidence also increases the negative relationship between the comparability of financial statements and debt maturity structure and increases its severity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Impact Of Heuristic Biases In Investment Decision-Making And Perceived Market Efficiency A Survey At The Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammad Sayrani Moharram razmjoy Raheleh SamariAfter the global crisis of 2008 and the severe fluctuations of financial markets around the world, the study of investor behavior has received more attention in the field of behavioral finance, and investors' emotions have been one of the key factors determining market MoreAfter the global crisis of 2008 and the severe fluctuations of financial markets around the world, the study of investor behavior has received more attention in the field of behavioral finance, and investors' emotions have been one of the key factors determining market movements. Behavioral finance is an evolving field that studies how and what. In this context, it seems important to study the role of emotions such as fear, greed, expectation, as well as the impact of the unconscious mind and beliefs in shaping investment decisions and its impact on market efficiency. This thesis seeks to find an important impact. The most behavioral financial concepts (or cognitive biases) such as overconfidence, stereotypes, familiarity and reliance on individual investors' decisions and market efficiency in Tehran Stock Exchange.The primary data for testing the research model was collected by distributing a structured questionnaire among 400 individual investors active in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the data of 386 investors was used as the basis for processing. Also, structural equation modeling or partial least squares method was used for data analysis.The findings of this research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between overconfidence biases and representation with the perceived efficiency of the market and investors' decisions, as well as a negative and significant relationship between familiarity with market efficiency and investors' decisions. Yes, but the significance of the relationship between these two variables with reliance bias was not confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Predicting the Organizational Commitment and their Components from Seven Personel and Organizational Variables
محسن گلپرور ـ سید حمیدرضا عریضی سامانیThe aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspectiv MoreThe aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspective, confidence in supervisor, pay satisfaction, promotion opportunity, internal motivation, supervising quality, desire to remain turnover intention, job attachment, work attachment and satisfaction with supervisor and coworkers. In order to reach the goals of the research, participants (male and female) were randomly selected from a public organization's personnel. Balfor and Wechsler's ( ) scale were used for measurement of the organizationa commitment and their components. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were investigated and verified. Stepwise regression analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that in six steps: job attachment, participation in decision making, pay satisfaction, job perspective, promotion opportunity, and turnover intention were multiple correlation coefficient with identificational commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. The exchange commitment results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, job perspective, job attachment, pay satisfaction, satisfaction with coworkers and desire to remain have multiple correlation coefficient with exchange commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. For affiliation commitment, the results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, promotion opportunity, participation decision-making, pay satisfaction, desire to remain and satisfaction with coworkers had multiple correlation coefficient with affiliation commitment and were able to explain percent of this variable variance. For general organizational commitment, the results in eight steps: supervision quality, desire to remain, promotion opportunity, pay satisfaction, job perspective, satisfaction with coworkers, participation in decision making and job attachment had multiple correlation with general organization commitment and they were able to explain percent of this variable variance. Regression equations were also presented for predicting the indentificationa, exchange, affiliation and general organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Comparison of school anxiety and its components on the fourth-grade students of elementary schools in both traditional and descriptive evaluation systems
Bahareh Bahman Alireza Kiamanesh KHadijeh AbolmaaliThis study was conducted with the aim of Comparison of school anxiety and its components on the fourth-grade students of elementary schools in both traditional and descriptive evaluation systems. For this purpose, 400 students (boy & girl) have been selected. 200 of the MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of Comparison of school anxiety and its components on the fourth-grade students of elementary schools in both traditional and descriptive evaluation systems. For this purpose, 400 students (boy & girl) have been selected. 200 of them received descriptive evaluation and the other 200 received traditional evaluation. They were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Philips school anxiety questionnaire was used in order to compare the school anxiety. The collected information was analyzed in descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there were no differences in school anxiety and its components between the two mentioned groups (p > 0.05). There was a difference between girls and boys in the test of anxiety and the girls showed more anxiety (p < 0.05). There was a difference between both of descriptive and traditional evaluation systems among the boy students in the test (p = 0.01) and school anxiety (p < 0.05). The students who received traditional evaluation showed more anxiety. There was a difference between boy and girl students in descriptive evaluation in the test of anxiety and the girls showed more anxiety (p < 0.01). Therefore, based on the result, it can be concluded that the descriptive evaluation is more useful for the boys and it can reduce the amount of school anxiety in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Relationship between Academic Self-confidence and Academic Achievement in Physics Lesson Based on Academic Motivation
farideh nouri ebrahim mirjafari zohre SaadatmandThis research aimed to study about the relationship between academic self-confidence and academic achievement in physics course based on the intervention of academic motivation among the secondary school students in Isfahan. The research method was of correlational desc MoreThis research aimed to study about the relationship between academic self-confidence and academic achievement in physics course based on the intervention of academic motivation among the secondary school students in Isfahan. The research method was of correlational descriptive type. The Statistical population included 57004 secondary school students in Isfahan in academic year 2012-2013. At first, three districts out of six educational districts in Isfahan were selected randomly through multistage cluster sampling method. Then considering the size, stratified random sampling method was applied and sample size was calculated as 381 people. The research tools included the academic motivation questionnaire, researcher-made questionnaire on academic self-confidence as well as the final score of the students in physic. Data were, then analyzed by means of Pearson correlation tests, structural equitation, Spss 19th version, and Lizrerl software. The findings obtained from statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the academic motivation and the academic self-confidence or the academic achievement Academic motivation rolled as a mediator between the academic self-confidence and academic achievement. Additionally, between the variables of self-confidence and motivation, only was academic self-confidence which predicted the promotion in Physic in a best way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - An Investigation on Causes of Academic Achievement in Girls Versus Boys in Khorasan's Provinces (Northren, Southren and Razavi)
فوزیه حسینی طباطبایی ملک محمد قدیمی مقدمAbstract The purpose of this research was to find the causes of academic achievement in girls versus boys. The research design was EX-Post Facto method. The statistic community of the research includes all students of guidance and secondary schools of three province MoreAbstract The purpose of this research was to find the causes of academic achievement in girls versus boys. The research design was EX-Post Facto method. The statistic community of the research includes all students of guidance and secondary schools of three provinces (Southern, Northern and Razavi Khorasan) consisting of totally 753464 students (385612 males and 367852 females). The sample volume determined students (432 males and 421 females) according to Krejcie and Morgan Formula, chosen by cluster sampling. Three questionnaires were used to gather data: The Cooper Smith standard questionnaire and two researcher-made questionnaires on attitude towards education, and academic achievement motive. Reliability of these questionnaires were 0.87,0.92,0.86 and respectively. The data were analyzed using T-test and correlation coefficient. Findings showed that academic achievement motive in girls was more than boys, and their attitude towards education was more positive than boys. But there was no significant difference in self-confidence between the boys and girls. The high school students were better in these variables than the guidance school students. Also, results showed that there was positive correlation among these factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Comparison of Effect of Qualitative Descriptive Evaluation on Decreasing Anxiety and Improving self Confidence of Primary School Student in Descriptive Evaluation With Traditional School
یوسف نامور اعظم راستگو عباس ابوالقاسمی سعید سیف درخشندهQualitative descriptive evaluation is one of Education Ministry programs that implement in order to improve the evaluation manner of educational system. The study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of implementing qualitative descriptive evaluation on student’s MoreQualitative descriptive evaluation is one of Education Ministry programs that implement in order to improve the evaluation manner of educational system. The study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of implementing qualitative descriptive evaluation on student’s anxiety and self-confidence in Ardabil Province on the 88-89. Research method was Causal-comparative. Population were three and four grade primary students of qualitative descriptive evaluation schools that include 508 students. All of these school students were selected as a sample and students in school of traditional evaluation were selected in purposefully way. One school of traditional evaluation were selected against one school of descriptive evaluation. Descriptive schools students sample were 508 people and traditional school students were 491 people. Required data of students were collected through self confidence and anxiety questionnaires, their reliability by alpha cronbach were 0.73 and 0.85. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the qualitative descriptive evaluation have more effect on students self-confidence and reducing anxiety than traditional evaluation. According to the results of this research implementing qualitative descriptive evaluation with fixes some shortcomings recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Identifying factors affecting the vandalism and violent behavior of elite student athletes with the foundational data theory approach
Akram sadat Hashemi danaloo Hasan Masumi Rasoul TarighiObjective: The objective of this research is to comprehensively explore the factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying causes in order to develop effective strategies MoreObjective: The objective of this research is to comprehensively explore the factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes, aiming to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying causes in order to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Methodology: The methodology employed in this study follows a grounded theory approach to investigate the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The researchers collected data through a combination of library studies, semi-structured interviews, and in-depth interviews. This mixed-methods approach allowed for a comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA20 software, which facilitated efficient coding and organization of the interview transcripts. The study population consisted of senior sports managers, education organization managers, sports teachers, and sports management professors who had published relevant books and articles. Sampling was conducted purposefully, utilizing successive and snowball sampling techniques, resulting in a sample size of 15 participants. The researchers employed Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluation criteria to ensure the quality and credibility of the qualitative findings, including validity, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the Foundation's data theory approach, incorporating a constructionist perspective inspired by Charmaz (2014). By employing this approach, the researchers aimed to identify the underlying factors and patterns that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The methodology allowed for a deep exploration of the subject, providing valuable insights into the complex dynamics at play. Results: The results of this study revealed several significant factors that influence vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The analysis of the data generated three main themes: individual factors, social factors, and environmental factors. Regarding individual factors, the findings indicated that personal characteristics and psychological factors play a crucial role in the occurrence of vandalism and violent behavior. Factors such as impulsivity, low self-control, aggression, and a lack of coping skills were identified as key contributors. Additionally, the participants' personal experiences, including exposure to violence and negative role models, were found to influence their behavior. Social factors were also found to have a significant impact on vandalism and violent behavior. Peer influence and group dynamics were identified as influential factors, with negative peer pressure and the desire to fit in being common triggers for such behaviors. Moreover, the participants highlighted the role of family support, parental control, and the influence of coaches and sports organizations in shaping their behavior. Environmental factors were found to contribute to vandalism and violent behavior as well. Factors such as inadequate facilities, overcrowding, lack of supervision, and the presence of rivalries were identified as environmental stressors that can escalate aggressive behavior among elite student-athletes. Overall, the study highlighted the complex interplay of individual, social, and environmental factors in influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The results emphasized the need for comprehensive preventive measures, including psychological interventions, education on anger management and conflict resolution, fostering positive peer relationships, and creating supportive and safe sporting environments. It is important to note that the findings of this study are specific to the context of elite student-athletes and may not be generalized to other populations. Further research is needed to explore these factors in different settings and populations and to develop targeted interventions to address vandalism and violent behavior among student-athletes. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study sheds light on the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. The findings emphasized the need for a comprehensive approach to address this issue, taking into account individual, social, and environmental factors. The results highlighted the importance of understanding the personal characteristics and psychological factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior. Interventions should focus on developing coping skills, enhancing self-control, and providing psychological support to help student-athletes manage their emotions and impulses effectively. Additionally, it is crucial to address the negative influence of violent experiences and role models by promoting positive behaviors and providing appropriate guidance and counseling. Social factors played a significant role, with peer influence and group dynamics being identified as key factors in instigating vandalism and violent behavior. Interventions should aim to create a positive peer culture that discourages aggression and promotes prosocial behavior. Building strong support networks, fostering healthy relationships with coaches and sports organizations, and involving parents in the development of athletes can also contribute to reducing such behaviors. The study also highlighted the importance of addressing environmental factors that contribute to vandalism and violent behavior. Providing adequate facilities, ensuring proper supervision, and reducing overcrowding can help create a safe and supportive sporting environment. Moreover, fostering a sense of sportsmanship, promoting teamwork, and addressing rivalries through inclusive and collaborative approaches can contribute to a more positive and harmonious atmosphere. It is essential to acknowledge the limitations of this study. The findings are based on the specific context of elite student-athletes and may not apply universally. Further research should explore these factors in different populations and settings to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the issue. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing vandalism and violent behavior among elite student-athletes. By addressing individual, social, and environmental factors, stakeholders can develop targeted interventions and preventive measures to promote positive behaviors and create a safe and supportive environment for student-athletes. Ultimately, fostering a culture of respect, sportsmanship, and personal growth can contribute to the overall well-being and success of elite student-athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Relationship among Autonomy, Self-confidence and Written Performance between Iranian Male and Female EFL Learners
Farnaz Sahebkheir Rahim Vahidi -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of Intelligent and Statistical Prediction Models for Overconfidence of Managers in the Iranian Capital Market Companies
Shokoufeh Etebar Roya Darabi Mohsen Hamidiyan Seiyedeh Mahbobeh Jafari -
Open Access Article
54 - Confidence Interval for Solutions of the Black-Scholes Model
Mehran Paziresh Mohamad Ali Jafari Majid Feshari -
Open Access Article
55 - CEO Overconfidence and Over investment: Role of Exchange Rate
Hossein Alidadi Mohammadreza Abdoli Farhad Dehdar -
Open Access Article
56 - Partial Least Squares Analysis to Measure the Impact of Pygmalion Financial Components
Ali Akbar Nazarpour Abdul Karim Moghadam Ghasem Rekabdar -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluating the Impacts of Social Trust and Managers' Overself-confidence on Investment Efficiency
Mehrshad Ramezani Ali Lalbar Majid Davoudinasr Gholamali HajiSocial trust is considered as an important type of social capital and in fact an informal institution in any country. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the impacts of social trust and managers' over self-confidence on the investment efficiency. The general MoreSocial trust is considered as an important type of social capital and in fact an informal institution in any country. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the impacts of social trust and managers' over self-confidence on the investment efficiency. The general method used in this study had been an applied one in terms of purpose and a correlational and fundamental experimental method type in nature. To achieve this purpose, financial information of 130 companies in the years 2012 to 2021 has been extracted and analysed as the research statistical sample. A linear regression method has been used to test the hypotheses. The research findings showed that social trust has positive, significant positive and negative impacts on the investment efficiency, over-investment and under-investment, respectively. In addition, managers' over self-confidence has positive, significant positive and negative impacts on the investment efficiency, over-investment and under-investment, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Managerial Overconfidence and Tone of Management Reports
Kefsan Mansouri Abbas Aflatooni Hassan ZalaghiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of managerial overconfidence as a behavioral bias on the tone of management reports, including directors’ report and management discussion and analysis (MD&A). In this research, the frequency of technical words was MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of managerial overconfidence as a behavioral bias on the tone of management reports, including directors’ report and management discussion and analysis (MD&A). In this research, the frequency of technical words was used to measure the tone of the management report, and overinvestment was used as a proxy for managerial overconfidence. The hypotheses were tested on 134 companies over a 4-year period from 2017 to 2020, using multivariate regression models in STATA. The results show that managerial overconfidence is not significantly associated with the positive tone of management reports, but is positively associated with the negative tone of these reports. The results suggest that, due to the uncertainties and risks in the economic environment of Iran and their escalation within the time frame of the present research, overconfident managers tend to use a more negative tone when reporting on risks and uncertainties to avoid the negative consequences of overstatement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating the Effect of Investors' Behavior and Management on the Stock Returns: Evidence from Iran
Hossein Jokar Kazem Shamsaddini Vahid Daneshi -
Open Access Article
60 - The Effect of Brand Identity on Brand Performance and Employees, Job Satisfaction with the Intermediating Role of Organizational Confidence
Mohammad-Reza Rabiee Mandejin -
Open Access Article
61 - The causal relationship between academic self-efficacy and motivation for progress with academic conflict and mediating role of self-esteem among primary school students in Ahwaz
sara naddaf tayebeh sharifi alireza heidarie nima asadzadehThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the causal relationship between educational self-efficacy and the motivation for progress with academic conflict and the mediating role of self-esteem among primary school students in Ahwaz. The sample consisted of 200 MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the causal relationship between educational self-efficacy and the motivation for progress with academic conflict and the mediating role of self-esteem among primary school students in Ahwaz. The sample consisted of 200 high school students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Instruments used by Patrick, Hicks and Ryan (1997), Educational Inventory of Pintrich and Divers (1991), Hermann's Advancement Motivation (1977) and Ruthus Self-Confirmation Questionnaire. The results showed that the proposed pattern in fit indices is favorable. In the final pattern of research, the path to the motive of progress was eliminated from self-assertion because it was not meaningful. The results of this study showed that there was a significant correlation between self-efficacy (P = 0.34, p≤0/03), educational involvement (P = 0.51, p≤ 0.01), self-confidence (P = 0.28) And p≤0.01) students have a meaningful positive relationship. Also, there was a significant difference between educational progression-induced learning outcomes (P = 0.34, p≤0.01) and self-confidence (P = 0.32, P≤0.01), and between self-confidence- P and p≤0.01), students have a meaningful positive relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effectiveness of mindfulness training on components of Students' academic optimism (social confidence, academic emphasis and identity sense)
Fereshteh Hashemi Fariborz Dortaj Noorali Farrokhi Bita NasrollahiPresent study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on components of students' academic optimism (social confidence, academic emphasis and identity sense). This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with experimental and c MorePresent study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on components of students' academic optimism (social confidence, academic emphasis and identity sense). This research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with experimental and control groups. Research population was eight grade students in one district of Tehran city in 2016-17 academic years. Totally 40 people were selected by random cluster sampling method and assigned in two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group trained 8 sessions of 75 minutes the mindfulness program and the control group received no training. Research tool was academic optimism (Tschannen-Moran and et al, 2013). Data were analyzed by tests of t and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 20 software. The findings showed that in the pretest the experimental and control groups there was no significant difference in terms of components of academic optimism means social confidence, academic emphasis and identity sense (P>0/05), but in the posttest there was significant difference in terms of components of academic optimism (P<0/001). That's it mindfulness training led to increase components of academic optimism means social confidence, academic emphasis and identity (P<0/001). Based on the results, it can be said that mindfulness training led to increases students' academic optimism and its components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Development of a causal model of academic satisfaction based on academic self-confidence and academic optimism mediated by metacognitive strategies and its effectiveness on academic Self-actualization of first year high school male students in Hamadan
Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh Houshang Jadidi Yahya Yarahmadi Omid MoradiThe aim of this study was to investigate the development of a causal model of academic satisfaction based on academic self-confidence and academic optimism through the mediation of metacognitive strategies and its effectiveness on academic Self-actualization of male hig MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the development of a causal model of academic satisfaction based on academic self-confidence and academic optimism through the mediation of metacognitive strategies and its effectiveness on academic Self-actualization of male high school students in Hamadan. This research was conducted in two stages. The research method was descriptive-correlational in the first stage. The second stage was a quasi-experimental research method with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Using the available sampling method, in the first study, 338 people were selected as the statistical sample size based on Morgan table, and in the second study, 30 people (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) were selected as the statistical sample size. ) were chosen. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive training. Research tools in this study include the standard questionnaire of student satisfaction (Lent, 2017), the questionnaire of academic self-confidence (Azadi, 1394), the questionnaire of academic optimism (Schennemoran et al., 2018), the questionnaire of academic Self-actualization (Silson and Salasi, 2003) and The questionnaire was metacognitive strategies (Karami, 2015). In this study, structural equation modeling and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. It should be noted that these analyzes were performed with the help of SPSS and AMOS software version 23 at the error level of 0.05. Findings showed that academic self-confidence and academic optimism have a significant causal relationship with metacognitive strategies and academic satisfaction. It was also found that the causal relationship between metacognitive strategies and academic satisfaction is significant. Finally, the results confirmed the mediating role of metacognitive strategies in the relationship between these variables. The results also showed that the educational program based on academic satisfaction is effective on students' academic Self-actualization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Examining the Relationship between Organizational Trust and Organizational Creativity
Mostafa Emami Elham Jamali Mohammad Javad Isfahani Background: Many articles on creativity and innovation begin with a general statement. The companies must be innovative otherwise they will die. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between organizational trust and organizational creativity in the More Background: Many articles on creativity and innovation begin with a general statement. The companies must be innovative otherwise they will die. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between organizational trust and organizational creativity in the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company in Kermanshah. Methods: This research is descriptive while using survey method; required Data were collected via questionnaire, to measure organizational trust, Alvin and others questionnaire (2008) were used, and for measuring organizational creativity Randsip questionnaire (1979) was employed. The reliability of organizational trust questionnaire was 0/81 and organizational creativity the reliability was 0/78. The Cronbach alpha of both questionnaires were more than 0/70, so both questionnaires had enough reliability. Statistical Society included some 300 employees of the National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution of Kermanshah. Based on a stratified random sampling, some samples were selected from among 148 questionnaires. Results: To determine the normality of obtained data the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test was used. The test confirmed that the samples are normal. Hypotheses were tested using Spearman correlation test and the results were positive and significant correlation were observed between trust and creativity. It means the more employees’ trust to their organization, the more innovative. The results of multiple linear regression showed that only two independent variables, vertical trust and institutional trust are related to the creativity dependent variable. Institutional confidence coefficient equal to 0.79, has the highest proportion of variance in the dependent variable creativity. Conclusion: Trust is a key element for the success of the organization. The results indicate that low levels of trust in reduced productivity, lack of innovation and creativity. On the other hand, increased levels of confidence in the staff mentality, enhance creativity and innovation and contribute to effective change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Identifying and Analyzing the Constructive and Effective Factors on the Self-Confidence Growth in Adolescents' Members of the Institutes for Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents
Seyedeh Nasrin Sajjadian Yalda Delgoshaei Baharak Shirzad Kebria Fereshteh KurdistaniPurpose: The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the constructive factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents who are members of the centers for the intellectual development of children and adolescents.Methodology: This study was applied in MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the constructive factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents who are members of the centers for the intellectual development of children and adolescents.Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of implementation method (qualitative and quantitative). The research population was in the qualitative section of related documents and texts and experts and specialists in education and training of children and adolescents in Tehran, according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 15 of them were selected by purposive sampling. The research population in the adolescent quantitative section was a member of the centers for the intellectual development of children and adolescents in Tehran in 2020. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 285 of them were selected by simple random sampling. The research instrument was semi-structured in the qualitative part of videography and interview and a researcher-made questionnaire was constructed in the quantitative part. The psychometric indices of the instruments in both qualitative and quantitative parts were acceptable. Qualitative data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA software and quantitative data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software.Findings: The results showed that the factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents had 2 dimensions, 6 components and 40 indicators and the factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents had 3 dimensions, 9 components and 42 indicators. Constructive factors include individual dimensions (with 3 components of personal characteristics, power and evaluation) and social (with 3 components of communication, model selection and participation) and effective factors including family dimensions (with 3 components of trust building, support and educational methods), school (with 3 components). The components of empowerment, commitment and vitality) and society (with 3 components of economic factors, cultural factors and psychological factors). Other results showed that the factor load of all items and model fit were appropriate and the effect of all dimensions on the constructive factors affecting the growth of self-confidence in adolescents was confirmed.Conclusion: According to the constructive and effective factors identified for the development of adolescents' self-esteem, programs can be designed and implemented to improve their self-esteem development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The effectiveness of Bormann training protocol on high irritability, failure tolerance, peer relationships and self-confidence of 10 to 12 year old sharp intelligence students
maryam taslim Mansoureh BahramipourStudents have many differences that play a major role in education; Therefore, the aim of this study was the effectiveness of Bormann educational protocol on high irritability, failure tolerance, peer relationships and self-confidence of 10 to 12 intelligent students.Th MoreStudents have many differences that play a major role in education; Therefore, the aim of this study was the effectiveness of Bormann educational protocol on high irritability, failure tolerance, peer relationships and self-confidence of 10 to 12 intelligent students.This study was a quasi-experimental with two experimental and control groups and pre-test-post-test and follow-up stages. The study population included all 10-12 year old high school students in the academic year 1399-1400. By multi-stage random sampling method, 40 gifted students were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent training in Borman protocol (2019) for 10 sessions. The research instruments included Bormann (2019) High Irritability Questionnaire, Harrington Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (2005), Hudson Peer Relationships Questionnaire (1997), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (1965), Wechsler Fifth Edition Children's Intelligence Scale (2014). The results of data analysis through analysis of variance with repeated measures SPSS-23showed that the Borman training package had a significant effect on research variables in the post-test phase and the educational effects remained in the follow-up phase(P<0/01). According to the research results, this educational program can be used to improve psychological variables in gifted children.Borman's training in the first step as a new effective variable reduces high irritability, failure tolerance and in the second step increases relationships with peers and self-confidence of intelligent students. Therefore, Borman education in schools for students should be provided by specialists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Identify solutions to overcome barriers to women's job improvement in governmental organizations(Case Study: Tax Qazvin)
Zohreh Maleki Mohammad AtaeeThe present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, St MoreThe present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s job development. The present research was functional in terms of purpose. The data was gathered using questionnaire and simple random sampling of questionnaire and field approach. The sample population in this study consisted of all female employees State Tax Organization of Qazvin and about 123 acceptable samples was collected. The data analysis was done using Chi-Square test and one-sample t-test in SPSS software . The results show that there is a significant relationship between develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s career development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Identify Factors Affecting the Development of Electronic Banking (using the Delphi technique)
Latif Emami Farshid NamamianThe aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the development of electronic banking at National Bank branches in Ilam So better keep pace with the demands of the customers.The method used in this research is qualitative method.The population of the research ma MoreThe aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the development of electronic banking at National Bank branches in Ilam So better keep pace with the demands of the customers.The method used in this research is qualitative method.The population of the research management and banking experts have estimated that 12 people were selected using a sampling method Hdfmndtdad. The questionnaire (open ended) and variables affecting e-banking and conceptual model are derived using the Delphi technique and include: Ease of use,Beuseful,Customerconfidence,Attitude And Subjective norms. The results showed that Ease of use,Be useful,Customer confidence, Attitude And Subjective norms The growth of e-banking subsidiaries of the National Bank of Ilam province have an impact on customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The effects of psychological capital on organizational trust in the supportive space between staff and management Planning
Qolam Reza Sheisi Reza Khoshcima Mohammad Qafarifard The study on the effect of psychological capital on the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust has been organized among employees who applied research, descriptive and correlational field. Management and Planning Organizati More The study on the effect of psychological capital on the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust has been organized among employees who applied research, descriptive and correlational field. Management and Planning Organization study population consisted of all employees that using Morgan table, 290 individuals were selected as sample. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling components of psychological capital as moderator variables moderated the impact of organizational support on organizational trust them. After analyzing the data, it was clear that the increase in each indicator of organizational support, organizational management and planning leads to increased confidence in the organization. The survey results show that all four components of psychological capital has a significant effect on the perceived support and organizational trust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Academic self-confidence, self-regulated learning,, metacognitive strategies students
Zohreah mASHHDI KBARThe aim of this research is to predict academic self-efficacy based on self-regulated learning and metacognitive strategies of secondary school students. This study is applied in terms of its goal, quantitative in nature, and based on correlation. The population in this MoreThe aim of this research is to predict academic self-efficacy based on self-regulated learning and metacognitive strategies of secondary school students. This study is applied in terms of its goal, quantitative in nature, and based on correlation. The population in this study includes a number of male and female secondary school students. According to Morgan's table, the sample size has been determined to be 308 individuals, selected from schools in Ray in Tehran through multi-stage random sampling. Twelve schools (6 girls' schools and 6 boys' schools) were randomly selected, and from each school, one class was randomly chosen, and a number of students were randomly selected from each class to participate in the questionnaire survey (among the 308 students, 150 were girls and 158 were boys). The conditions for participating in the study included an interest in participating in the study and having a minimum GPA of 14.The main tools for data collection were the Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire by Azadi (1394) with 21 items, the Self-Regulated Learning Questionnaire by Pintrich and Groot (1990) with 44 items, and the Metacognitive Strategies Questionnaire by Karami (1394) with 37 items, which have been validated in various studies. The reliability of the instruments was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha, and the reliability coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.89, and for the self-esteem (0.85) and personal efficacy (0.92) components, respectively.The obtained data were analyzed using regression analysis and SPSS software version 23. The results indicate a correlation of 42.2% and 46% respectively. Therefore, in order to enhance the level of students' self-efficacy, the use of self-regulated learning components and metacognitive strategies appears to be essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The survey of relationship between responsibility and problem-salving styles among sixth grad student of Shahindezh in 1392-1393 academic year
Hamideh Farzi Heydar Ali ZareieThis research was accomplished in order to consider the relationship between responsibility and problem solving styles sixth (elementary) grad students.The research is a descriptive - correlational study. Research’s statistical sample includes 234 six grade studen MoreThis research was accomplished in order to consider the relationship between responsibility and problem solving styles sixth (elementary) grad students.The research is a descriptive - correlational study. Research’s statistical sample includes 234 six grade students (122 girls and 112 boys) who were educated in Shahindezh’s schools during 92-93 educational year. The sample members were chosen by classified random sampling. For the measuring theresponsibilityand the students’ problem solving styles, researcher used students responsibility questionnaire and Heppner & Peterson problem solving questionnaire. According to “Pearson correlation coefficient“, there is a positive and meaningful relation between the responsibility and the ability of solving the problems among Shahindezh students. “T-test” results indicates that in terms of responsibility, there is a meaningful difference between the boys and the girls. Compared to the boys, the girls are at a higher level. On the other hand, “Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)” showed that considering the problem solving styles, there is no difference between the girls and the boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Analysis of social trust status and its dimensions Among the students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran
Somayeh Tajik EsmaeiliThe present study was designed and conducted to analyze the status of social trust and its dimensions among students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.The research method is descriptive and is a questionnaire with survey technique and measurement tool. For this p MoreThe present study was designed and conducted to analyze the status of social trust and its dimensions among students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.The research method is descriptive and is a questionnaire with survey technique and measurement tool. For this purpose, a sample of 400 people from all students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 1398 (282,515 people) was selected and the 25-item "Social Trust" questionnaire of Saffarinia and Sharif (2010), including five indicators of honesty, frankness, cooperative tendencies, Confidence and trust, adapted from Johnson's theory, responded. Analysis of the research data showed that the general status of "cooperative tendencies" in the studied students was evaluated with an average of 3.90 above average and high. The overall status of "frankness" with an average of 3.34 slightly above average (3), the general status of "honesty" with an average of 3.07 on average, the general status of "confidence" with an average of 2.95 in the average of 3 have been seen and evaluated. The overall status of social trust was observed by the students with an average of 3.38 above average.Findings also indicate that only in "trust" of the indicators of social trust between male and female students is seen a significant difference (sig <0.05), trust in male students was higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The assessment of the social factors associated with social health of families in Tabriz
Samad Sabbagh Narmineh Moinian Sara SabbaghOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all s MoreOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all stages is considered as the basic rights. Health is not just a biological subject, but social factors are also involved in determining the health status of the people. Many factors contribute to this situation such as social confidence, leisure time, feeling of hopelessness, religious beliefs and socio-economic status of individuals. Method of study is Survey and technique for collecting data was standardized questionnaire. Statistical Population includes Tabriz households who were 428,009. According to the formula for determining the sample size, 326 households were selected for Tabriz city. Sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling method. The overall aim of this study was to determine the social factors associated with social health in Tabriz families. Results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between social health of Tabriz households and the mentioned variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Examining the relationship between social capital and students’ educational success in Kurdistan University
Chenor Didari Mahmood ElmiThe expression of social capital is a concept that recently very qualified attention in the branches of human science. Actually this concept is an important bridge connection between economic, social and politic sciences. Social capital is the result of cultural and soc MoreThe expression of social capital is a concept that recently very qualified attention in the branches of human science. Actually this concept is an important bridge connection between economic, social and politic sciences. Social capital is the result of cultural and social position. In fact social capital is one of the indicators of cultural and social position in society. Social capital has an important effect in reducing the cost of activates and individual success in their aims. This research using social capital theories from different theorists in social capital especially James Coleman tries to survey empirically the relation between social capital and educational success of student. The sample of the study is 380 students of Kurdistan University in Sanandaj that they were studying in academic year of 2009-2010. The method of this research is survey and students answer the questionnaire designed using the related theories. The results of research show that, there is a significant relationship between social capital and students’ educational success. Also, from different variables of social capital, relations inside the family have the most affection in students’ educational success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The effect of teaching in native language on improving students’ educational motivation (Case study: first district high school students in Sannandaj1391-92)
Shahin Allah Moradi Seifollah SeifollahiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teaching in native language on improving students’ educational motivation. The research was conducted by implementing documentary procedures as well as field studies. Eighty persons (divided into four grou MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teaching in native language on improving students’ educational motivation. The research was conducted by implementing documentary procedures as well as field studies. Eighty persons (divided into four groups، namely، students and their parents، as well as teachers and scholars in three fields: educational sociology، linguistics، and literature) were interviewed. The gathered data was obtained through analysis of documentary procedures and field studies. The results indicate that all four hypotheses، the effect of teaching in mother tongue on creating motivation، self confidence، facilitating the process of learning، and eliminating self-alienation in children was confirmed. The article concludes by offering strategic and practical approaches towards teaching children in their own native language at schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Effective social factors on the orientation of the students of the Islamic Azad University of Bilesavar to television programs of Azerbaijan.
Nematolahe Taghavi Samad Sabagh Lotfollahe BabaiThe purpose of the present study is to examine the effective factors on the orientation of the students of the Islamic Azad University of Bilesavar to television programs of Azerbaijan Republic.The theoretical framework of the study is based on the sociological theories MoreThe purpose of the present study is to examine the effective factors on the orientation of the students of the Islamic Azad University of Bilesavar to television programs of Azerbaijan Republic.The theoretical framework of the study is based on the sociological theories of communication. The research method is survey and 201 students were selected as participants using stratified sampling. The contrived questionaire was designed as a research instrument which its validity was estimated as 78 percent. The results show that there is a meaningful relation between variables such as gender, rate of religious practice, stdents' satisfaction of television programs' of Azerbaijan, students' confidense to hommade programms, social identification, rate of social capital and satisfaction of urbane servises with the orientation to television programs of azerbaijan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The examination of the factors related to the coherence of the relations among the members of cooperative companies and the effect of these factors on their function in Ardabil
Samad Abedini Elmira SasanpoorThis research has been done to examine the factors related to the coherence of the relations among the members of cooperative companies and the effect of these factors on their function in Ardabil. The method of research was survey. The statistical population of the res MoreThis research has been done to examine the factors related to the coherence of the relations among the members of cooperative companies and the effect of these factors on their function in Ardabil. The method of research was survey. The statistical population of the research consisted of the members of the companies of Ardabil that were 56275 (52705 were male and 3414 were female). 380 people were selected by the use of cluster sampling and Korjesy Morgan's table. Required data were collected through the researcher-made questionnaire for quantitative data and the intensive group discussion for qualitative data. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and researchers and its consistency coefficient (0.93) was obtained with Cronbach.The data were analyzed by the use of group discussion method for qualitative method and inferential and descriptive statistical methods(sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and approach analysis).The results obtained from the group discussion indicated that the members of cooperative companies should be trained before establishing the companies and be employed in it with the related interest and expertise and all members should have agreement in their decisions and affairs to achieve a certain goal. The results obtained from t-test showed that the function of the members of companies is in better conditions. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between the factors related to the coherence of the relations among the members of cooperative companies and their function. Also, the results of approach analysis showed that among the factors affecting the function of the members, group membership, confidence and the coherence of relations have a direct effect on the function of members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Amination of the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction of west Azarbayjan custom employers.
Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam Mohammad Abasszadeh Mehdi HosseinpourThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction of west Azarbayjan custom employers. Social capital was scaled in three dimensions namely; social confidence, social coherence and social participation and also the job MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction of west Azarbayjan custom employers. Social capital was scaled in three dimensions namely; social confidence, social coherence and social participation and also the job satisfaction was scaled using job description index (JDI) of Esmit, Halin. The method of the study is survey and the sample was selected using suitable hierarchical sampling. The results showed that the job satisfaction (mean of 170.67) of the sample was not acceptable, the amount of social capital (mean of139.70) is minimum, the amount of social confidence is below the minimum, the amount of social coherence is minimum and social participation is above minimum. Also, it was realized that job satisfaction of employers is different considering marital statue and organizational position and also there is a meaningful relationship between social confidence, coherence and participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Examining the relationship between social skills and self-confidence in runaway girls.
Mohammad Reza Iravani Jafar EbrahimiRunning away from home is one of the maladaptive behaviors of adolescents and regarding its adverse consequences, it is one of the social damages of the community. Damage that could affect the individual and community's mental health.Meanwhile there are more concerns ab MoreRunning away from home is one of the maladaptive behaviors of adolescents and regarding its adverse consequences, it is one of the social damages of the community. Damage that could affect the individual and community's mental health.Meanwhile there are more concerns about the increasing number of girls run aways. Girls running away roots in poverty, divorce, extreme prosperity and freedom, sexual assault, addiction, the gap between generations and the conflicts between children and parents. This article examines the relationship between social skills and self-confidence and reduction of the escape of the girls aged 12 to 18 in Isfahan. The results showed that with increased self-confidence and social skills the amount of girls running away from home decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Examining the role of social factors on citizen's participation in civil affairs (case study).
Kamran Sedaghat Naser GhahremanThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of social factors on Maragheh citizen's participation in civil affairs.The population of the study is 383 people of above 18 years old in Maragheh and were selected by multistage cluster sampling.The research method is su MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of social factors on Maragheh citizen's participation in civil affairs.The population of the study is 383 people of above 18 years old in Maragheh and were selected by multistage cluster sampling.The research method is survey and questionnaire and interview are the instruments.The data were analyzed using R Pearson, R spear-man, T test and AN OVA.The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between dependent variables( of civic consciousness, social coherence, social security, propensity to progress, age, gender, income and occupation)and social participation.Also, the propensity to progress is the most effective factor in social participation.It means that more propensity to progress causes to more participation of the citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - تأثیر تمرین مهارت گفتاری در زبان دوم در شرایط با واسطهی رایانهای ناهمزمان و چهره به چهره بر توانایی گفتاری، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم
متین رامک حسین سیاه پوش مهران داوری بینااین مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تمرین مهارت گفتاری در زبان دوم در شرایط با واسطهی رایانهای ناهمزمان و چهره به چهره بر توانایی گفتاری، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم انجام شد. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 40 نفر از Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تمرین مهارت گفتاری در زبان دوم در شرایط با واسطهی رایانهای ناهمزمان و چهره به چهره بر توانایی گفتاری، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم انجام شد. شرکت کنندگان در این پژوهش 40 نفر از دانشجویان کارشناسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی در یکی از دانشگاه های ایران بودند. شرکت کنندگان به صورت تصادفی در دو شرایط آزمایشی (با واسطه کامپیوتری ناهمزمان) و کنترل (چهره به چهره) قرار گرفتند. در گروه آزمایشی، شرکت کنندگان در محیط برخط ناهمزمان به تمرین صحبت کردن پرداختند و در گروه کنترل، دانش آموزان بخشی از وقت کلاس خود را صرف انجام تکالیف مونولوگ (تکگویی) کردند. با استفاده از پرسشنامه، اضطراب گفتاری، اعتماد به نفس توانایی زبان دوم و تمایل به صحبت کردن زبان آموزان به زبان دوم شرکت کنندگان در ابتدا و در پایان ترم اندازه گیری شد. یافتهها نشان داد که میانگین نمرات توانایی تکگویی افراد در گروه با واسطه رایانه به طور قابلتوجهی بیشتر از گروه حضوری بهبود یافت. یکی دیگر از یافته های این مطالعه، برتری شرایط رایانهای در نمرات به اعتماد به نفس گفتاری، دلهره گفتاری و تمایل به برقراری ارتباط شرکت کنندگان بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Evaluating the Psychological Methods of Teaching Self-confidence in Stories of Iranian Children's Stories
Vahid Khodaei MajdSelf-confidence and high self-reliance are among the main factors of prosperity and growth in life, and psychotherapist suggest different methods to reinforce them using the stories in childhood. Therefore, this research aimed at recognizing and evaluating the psycholog MoreSelf-confidence and high self-reliance are among the main factors of prosperity and growth in life, and psychotherapist suggest different methods to reinforce them using the stories in childhood. Therefore, this research aimed at recognizing and evaluating the psychological methods of teaching self-confidence that are concealed in Iranian stories. The research is descriptive and library-based. To analyze the data, content-analysis was conducted. Considering the large population of the study, using purposeful sampling, 141 Iranian stories for B and C age groups that involve 7-11 years old children, were selected as study samples. To evaluate the selected stories, a researcher-made Matrix, which included the main methods of developing self-confidence, was used. Also, Milles and Huberman’s interpretive approach, which is one of the main scales of content analysis, was employed. At the same time, in order to determine the relation between the variables, Kay Skoer’s statistical test was used. The results show that different psychological methods are used in Iranian stories in order to develop self-confidence in children, among which we can refer to reinforcing positive thinking, self-steem, nourishing sympathy, nourishing creativity, helping self-identification and self-acceptance, reducing of humility sensation, and adjusting megalomania Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - A Study of Entrepreneurial Characteristics among the Students of Technical and Engineering Faculties of Uremia Universities
Houshang Taghizadeh Zolfagar ValipourThe purpose of this research is to determine the rate and characteristics of entrepreneurship among the university students of Uremia. Three questions have been raised in this article. The statistical population includes all the students of Technical and Engineering Fac MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the rate and characteristics of entrepreneurship among the university students of Uremia. Three questions have been raised in this article. The statistical population includes all the students of Technical and Engineering Faculties of Uremia Universities, totaling 15000. A sample of 375 was selected by using Morgan Table. The data collection instrument in this research is a questionnaire, which was distributed among the subjects after determining its validity and reliability. For data analysis, the researchers have used Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Estimation Theory, Kruskal-Wallis Test and Friedman Test. The results of the survey show that entrepreneurship scores for each of the faculties are average. Uremia University has been ranked first regarding entrepreneurship. Friedman test has also shown that among all features, the success-seeking characteristic has the highest rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Measuring the Organizational Entrepreneurship
Houshang Taghizadeh Ghafar Tari Seyed Reza MosaviOne of the most important and efficient ways to adapt organizations to the increasing environmental changes is the “Organizational entrepreneurship” phenomenon. Today, most organizations with an awareness of the importance of organizational entrepreneurship MoreOne of the most important and efficient ways to adapt organizations to the increasing environmental changes is the “Organizational entrepreneurship” phenomenon. Today, most organizations with an awareness of the importance of organizational entrepreneurship try to identify the factors affecting it in order to measure the organizational entrepreneurship and to take improvement steps. This paper is an attempt to identify the factors affecting Intrapreneurship in a production firm in Tabriz and to measure them. The main aim of this paper is to measure the entrepreneurship rate in the firm under study. Attaining this goal will make it possible to gain access to the sub-goals such as identifying the affecting factors and setting the priority of each factor. A questionnaire has been used for data gathering and its validity and reliability has been confirmed by primary investigations and the experts’ judgements. The limits of the mean were calculated for each factor with 95% of confidence level by using SPSS. At last, the criteria of entrepreneurship were compared by Fridman-Test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - A Study of Self-Confidence and Its Role in the Political Socialization of Cultural Women (Case Study of Female education staff in Ahvaz)
Azita Zangeneh Abodoreza Hashemi Isaq Arjmand Siyahposh -
Open Access Article
86 - A Study of the Effect of Praying on the Youth Personality(A Case Study in Islamic Azad University of Mashhad)
Hossein Ahmari Hassan Ahmadi Azghandi -
Open Access Article
87 - A Study on the Origins of Identification among the High-School Female Students in Khalkhal
Aqbleh Azizkhani Soqra Malekpour -
Open Access Article
88 - The Impact of Media on Employees Self-Confidence and Performance (Case Study: Islamic Azad University of Babol Branch)
Ali Rezapour -
Open Access Article
89 - Comparative assessment of social investment in neighborhoods by AHP method (Case study: Qazvin city)
Elham Kakavand Somayeh Ahani Fatemeh Zarei Rahim HashempourAlthough the concept of social investment is a new and emerging field of urban studies, this concept is rooted in the social relations of mankind. Human naturally engages and interacts with others and satisfy their needs as living creatures. The effects of these interac MoreAlthough the concept of social investment is a new and emerging field of urban studies, this concept is rooted in the social relations of mankind. Human naturally engages and interacts with others and satisfy their needs as living creatures. The effects of these interactions and their roles is complex; it is social capital avenue and it can be studied by various researchers.In this paper, by adopting a comparative approach to the evaluation components of social capital metrics awareness, participation and social trust among different communities, three regions of Qazvin had been paid attention. The research is undertaken using descriptive - analytical, qualitative data deploying a model designed to quantify and measure. Assessment model creating value tree and AHP method (AHP) and is designed with four levels .The findings of the study showed significant differences across social capital and its components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Implementation of Hybrid and Pure Problem-based Learning in EFL Context: The case of speaking skill and self-confidence of Iranian undergraduate participants
Jamal Montafej Ahmadreza Lotfi Azizeh Chalak -
Open Access Article
91 - The Effect of Financial Literacy on Behavioral Biases of Overconfidence and Herding Behavior and Analysis of their Effect on Investors' Performance in Tehran Stock Exchange Using Structural Equation Modeling
Amin Roshangarzadeh mohsen dastgir rahman saediBehavioral psychologists believe that people consistently tend to act in erratic ways when making decisions about their investments. In the other words, these researchers believe that investors are actually irrational and show behavioral biases. The purpose of this arti MoreBehavioral psychologists believe that people consistently tend to act in erratic ways when making decisions about their investments. In the other words, these researchers believe that investors are actually irrational and show behavioral biases. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of the dimensions and functions of financial literacy on the behavioral biases, including overconfidence bias and herding behavior bias, and to analyze their effect on each other and on the performance of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, a statistical sample was collected through a questionnaire from among 509 investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, PLS software was used to analyze the model. The results of this research showed that financial literacy has a significant effect on overconfidence behavioral biases and herding behavior among investors. Also, the results showed that the mentioned biases have a significant effect on the performance of investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The effect of managers' overconfidence on the possibility of financial crises
Ali Nematiabstract :The effect of managers' overconfidence on the possibility of financial crisesIn this study, the relationship between the Managerial overconfidence and Financial distress like lihoood is examined. The research sample consists of 185 firms listed in Tehran Stock Moreabstract :The effect of managers' overconfidence on the possibility of financial crisesIn this study, the relationship between the Managerial overconfidence and Financial distress like lihoood is examined. The research sample consists of 185 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1389 to 1393 and in the period studied by systematic elimination method was studied. To review hypothesis of research, logistic regression model was used. The results of this study show that in the period studied, Managerial overconfidence and Financial distress likelihoood and there is a significant positive relationship. In other words, the Managerial overconfidence in firms is increasing the financial distress likelihood. In other words, Managerial overconfidence, increasing the Financial distress likelihoood in the firms. The effect of Managerial overconfidence, on the Financial distress likelihoood is significant at 95 percent confidence level. The results show that the life of the company depends on the ability of company managers and the satisfaction of a wide range of related groups of the companyKeywords: Managerial overconfidence, Financial distress likelihoood, Profitability Ratio, logistic regression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Evaluating theInvestment Efficiency on internal quality and Managerial Overconfidence
Omid mehri namakavarani hosein kazemi mahdi beshkooh atena mehri namakavaraniThe present research is aimed at investigating the relationship among managerial overconfidence, internal information quality, and investment efficiency in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). To this end, the financial information of 84 companies listed MoreThe present research is aimed at investigating the relationship among managerial overconfidence, internal information quality, and investment efficiency in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). To this end, the financial information of 84 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the years 2014-2021 was employed. The research results indicate a positive significant relationship among the internal information quality, investment efficiency, and overinvestment; however, the relationship between the quality of internal information and underinvestment is negative and significant. Further, the results revealed that managerial overconfidence improves the relationship between the internal information quality and investment efficiency, while it weakens the relationship among the earning announcement rate, the accuracy of profit forecast by management, and overinvestment. Nevertheless, the opposite applies concerning the absence of updated financial statements due to significant errors. Moreover, the relationship among the earning announcement rate, the accuracy of profit forecast by management, and underinvestment is not affected by managerial overconfidence; but managerial overconfidence strengthens the relationship between the absence of updated financial statements due to significant mistakes and underinvestment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Relationship among the Iranian EAP Learners' Self-confidence, Language Achievement, and Gender
Mehrdad Yousefabadi Narjes Ghafournia -
Open Access Article
95 - The Impact of Monopolies on Social Capital
Hamid Ahmadi Davood Afshari Mehdi KarimiThe governments for supplying public goods and maintaining political stability need reliable financial and non-financial resources. These resources should be provided through taxes or the governments by making self-made restrictions and deficiencies in social and econom MoreThe governments for supplying public goods and maintaining political stability need reliable financial and non-financial resources. These resources should be provided through taxes or the governments by making self-made restrictions and deficiencies in social and economic system provide them. These limitations while provides financial resources for the government convert the market as a lever for controlling the society. The present article is trying to examine the impact of monopolies and control of economic، social and cultural spheres by the government on social capitals. The underlying hypothesis is that the expansion and intensification of government monopolies in the above said fields weakens and disrupts the social capital. The social capital، in fact regulates relations among human and organizational settings، create norms and builds confidence in the society. As a result in short term it leads to governmental and social corruption and in the long term prepares the ground for social anomie. Therefore، if the protection of private property، equal distribution of opportunities، equality before the law، encouraging public participation in the affairs of the society and finally fight against corruption do not get enough importance achieving development which is the ultimate goal of relations between the government and the society will not be materialized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Foreign Policy of Hassan Rouhani, Constructive Interaction within the Framework of Development Oriented Government
Alireza Rezaei Ghasem TorabiThe foreign policy of eleventh administration (Hassan Rouhani government) is based on what principle and orientations? These principle and orientations are according to what foreign policy model? In reply to above questions the following hypothesis can be given; taking MoreThe foreign policy of eleventh administration (Hassan Rouhani government) is based on what principle and orientations? These principle and orientations are according to what foreign policy model? In reply to above questions the following hypothesis can be given; taking into consideration the experience of Mr. Rouhani as the secretary of National Security Council, his articles, books and speeches and his debate during presidential election campaign on can conclude that the foreign policy of the Eleventh Administration as “constructive interaction with the world within the framework of development oriented government. This foreign policy prepares the ground for economic growth and development within the framework of Twenty Years Perspective Plan, through détente, confidence building, avoiding securitization, improving the prestige and façade of Iran, active diplomacy and ties with other countries and international organizations. According to Mr. Rouhani during the past years the foreign policy by increasing tension and pursuing radical policies had pushed Iran towards a security centered phase and have created serious obstacle for achieving economic growth and development of the country. Therefore, for putting back the country on the right track as being prescribed by document on Twenty Years Perspective (Iran in the year 1404 Iranian year) a development oriented government should hold the power. A government that its priority should be constructive interaction with the world and in this way prepares the suitable ground for economic growth and development. With these points in view the purpose of the present article is to examine by a descriptive analytical method the foreign policy of Rouhani government on the basis of constructive interaction with the world and the development oriented policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Strategies of Islamic Republic of Iran towards the Security of Persian Gulf
Mohammadali Basiri Leila JavidiThe Persian Gulf region is one of the important security, strategic and economic regions in international system. For these reasons it is having important place and throughout recent history great powers have paid attention to it and it has sometime become the target of MoreThe Persian Gulf region is one of the important security, strategic and economic regions in international system. For these reasons it is having important place and throughout recent history great powers have paid attention to it and it has sometime become the target of their aggression. Nowadays with the advent of oil reserves and its important place in world economy the security and stability of this region is a sensitive issue for both regional as well as world powers. Taking into consideration the type, position and political geography, nature of the governments in the Persian Gulf region, a regional security based on cooperation among the countries of the region is most suitable method for the security of the region. Of course this task will not be accomplished unless different methods of mutual confidence building are pursued among the countries of the region for removing the misunderstandings. This will be achieved only through the serious efforts of the political leaders of littoral countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Analyzing the social health factors explanation of Tabriz Citizens
Mahmoud ElmiOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all s MoreOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all stages is considered as the basic rights. Health is not just a biological subject, but social factors are also involved in determining the health status of the people. Many factors contribute to this situation from which we can mention the social confidence, Leisure time, feelings of hopelessness, religious beliefs and socio-economic status of individuals. Method of study is Survey and techniques for collecting the data was standardized questionnaire. Statistical Population includes Tabriz households who were 428,009. According to the formula for determining the sample size, we selected 326 households for Tabriz city. Sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling method. The overall aim of this study was to determine the social factors associated with social health in Tabriz families. Results of this study show that there was a significant relationship between social health of household of Tabriz and the mentioned variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Study of Enabling comparative human resources and employee education and training of bank employees in Isfahan
یعقوب احمدی مسعود غفاری مریم سپیانیEmpowerment is a process that occurs in an organization to excellence in human resources. Climbing enabling an organization to increase its effectiveness in comparison with other leading organizations. In this study, both the education and empowerment of the Bank is ana MoreEmpowerment is a process that occurs in an organization to excellence in human resources. Climbing enabling an organization to increase its effectiveness in comparison with other leading organizations. In this study, both the education and empowerment of the Bank is analyzing the survey. Methods the sample size is small quota among the 260 employees of the bank and the city's distribution and collection. The results show a statistical fact that the total amount of empowerment among bank employees higher education staff. The description of the results obtained for the 25 questions of empowerment mean for teachers, which is 65/81, which is lower than the average of the 75 compared to empower managers and employees of the bank, which is 70/95, very low is. This means that the ability of bank employees, however, was less than average, but compared to empower employees with higher education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Examine the Effects of Students’ Social Capital Components on Entrepreneurship Intention (Evidences From: University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran)
Rasool Lavaei Adaryani Mohammad Reza Akbari Fatemeh Adel Ali AmiriThe main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of students' social capital components and entrepreneurship intention. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Universit MoreThe main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of students' social capital components and entrepreneurship intention. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran (N=2600) among which 155 students where accessed based on Cochran formula and through convenient sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire face and content validity of which was approved by faculty members of Agricultural Management and Development Department of University of Tehran. Social capital was measured by four components (i.e. social participation, social coherence, social confidence and social communication). Reliability of the research instrument was measured by computing Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which ranged from 0.72 to 0.88. Path analysis technique employed to investigate the relationship of social capital components and entrepreneurial intention. Results revealed that social participation and social coherence had a direct effect on entrepreneurial intention while social confidence and social communication had an indirect effect on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در انگیزه اشتغالزایی دانشجویان (مطالعه موردی: دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج)
Saadi Fathollahi Galambahri Ebrahim Meykhosh Jamshid Eghbaliهدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در انگیزه اشتغال‏زایی دانشجویان بود. جامعه آماری این مطالعه از تمامی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج (n=3200) تشکیل شده که از بین این دانشجویان 178 نفر بر اساس فرمول کوکران به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. داده&rlm Moreهدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در انگیزه اشتغال‏زایی دانشجویان بود. جامعه آماری این مطالعه از تمامی دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج (n=3200) تشکیل شده که از بین این دانشجویان 178 نفر بر اساس فرمول کوکران به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. داده‏ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه تنظیمی که اعتبار محتوایی آن توسط اساتید گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران مورد تأیید قرار گرفته بود، جمع‏آوری گردید. سرمایه اجتماعی در قالب چهار مؤلفه شامل اعتماد اجتماعی، انسجام اجتماعی، ارتباطات اجتماعی و مشارکت اجتماعی اندازه‏گیری شد. برای سنجش انگیزه اشتغال‏زایی دانشجویان نیز از 5 گویه استفاده گردید. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار اندازه‏گیری پس از انجام پیش آزمون (30 نفر) اقدام به تعیین ضریب آلفای کرونباخ گردید که میزان آن برای متغیرهای انگیزه اشتغال‏زایی، انسجام اجتماعی، مشارکت اجتماعی، ارتباطات اجتماعی و اعتماد اجتماعی به ترتیب 0/73، 0/76، 0/69، 0/71 و 0/72 بود. تکنیک تجزیه و تحلیل برای بررسی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در انگیزه اشتغال‏زایی درخت تصمیم بود که نتایج نشان داد، دانشجویانی که از لحاظ سرمایه اجتماعی از اعتدال بیشتری برخوردار بودند، انگیزه اشتغال‏زایی بیشتری داشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Investigating the Relation between Managers Confidence and Audit Fees with Considering the Mediation Role Audit Institution Type
hamidreza kiani Ali Asghar Anvary Rostamy Mansour garkazIn this study, the relationship between overconfidence and the cost of auditing fees of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange with the mediating role of the type of auditing firm is examined. This research is of applied and descriptive-correlation type. To estim MoreIn this study, the relationship between overconfidence and the cost of auditing fees of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange with the mediating role of the type of auditing firm is examined. This research is of applied and descriptive-correlation type. To estimate the model and test the research hypotheses, out of 480 companies, 128 companies were selected as a sample by the systematic elimination method during the period 1389 to 1396. Research findings showed; In the regression model related to the research hypotheses, the F-statistic for all three research hypotheses is equal to 2.36, 2.50, 2.49 and the significance level of this statistic is less than 0.05, which indicates The appropriateness of the fit is done. Also, Watson camera statistics are equal to 2.15, 2.16, 2.15, respectively, and therefore there is no possibility of serial autocorrelation in the model. The coefficients for determining these models were 0.25, 0.26, and 0.26, respectively, indicating the suitability of the regression model. According to the presented statistics, all three research hypotheses are confirmed and it can be stated that there is a relationship between managers 'confidence and selection of auditing type, between auditing type and auditing cost and also between managers' confidence and auditing fees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Assessing the Rate of Child Abuse in the Covid-19 Epidemic and its Effect on students' Psychological Distress
mehdi shomaliahmadabadi Atefe Barkhordari AhmadabadiThe present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the rate of child abuse in the Covid-19 epidemic and its effect on students' psychological distress. This research was a descriptive correlational study that was conducted in the research community of Ardakan stu MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the rate of child abuse in the Covid-19 epidemic and its effect on students' psychological distress. This research was a descriptive correlational study that was conducted in the research community of Ardakan students in the academic year of 2022-2023. 412 people were selected voluntarily and answered the questionnaires of misbehaving with children and psychological distress. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used simultaneously. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between mistreatment of children (and psychological, physical and neglect dimensions) with psychological distress (P<0.001). The results of the regression test also showed that 49% of psychological distress is explained by the linear combination of psychological dimensions and parental neglect. The covid-19 epidemic has been accompanied by an increase in the psychological pressure of parents, the risk of misbehaving with children, and the psychological distress of children, which shows the need for effective intervention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The effect of group reality therapy on self-confidence and anxiety of students with social phobia
Mansoure PoorjanebollahiSocial phobia is one of the most debilitating disorders that can disrupt many aspects of a person's life. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of group reality therapy on the self-confidence and anxiety of students with social phobia. This study wa MoreSocial phobia is one of the most debilitating disorders that can disrupt many aspects of a person's life. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of group reality therapy on the self-confidence and anxiety of students with social phobia. This study was a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group, which was conducted in the research community of second year primary school students of Meibod city in the academic year of 1400-1401. In this study, 26 people were selected in the available way and were replaced in two groups of 13 people, test and control. The participants answered Rosenberg's self-confidence and Beck's anxiety questionnaires during the research stages. The experimental group received reality therapy training in 12 one-hour sessions twice a week, while the control group did not receive training during this period. For data analysis, multivariate covariance analysis and spss26 software were used. The results showed that group reality therapy was effective and improved the self-confidence and anxiety of students with social phobia (P<0.001). According to the findings of the research, it can be said that reality therapy is an effective method for increasing self-confidence and reducing students' anxiety and it can be used in Madras. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Bootstrap confidence intervals of CNpk for type‑II generalized log‑logistic distribution
Srinivasa Rao Gadde K. Rosaiah SVSVSV Prasad -
Open Access Article
106 - Investigating Relationship between Managerial Ability and Speed of Capital Structure Adjustment: considering the role of Managerial Overconfidence
Ommolbanin Dadar Mohammad Mohammadi konjaliCapital structure is a key financial aspect of company management, which refers to the composition and ratio of the company's capital value and is the result of the company's financing activities. The purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between t MoreCapital structure is a key financial aspect of company management, which refers to the composition and ratio of the company's capital value and is the result of the company's financing activities. The purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between the managerial ability and speed of capital structure adjustment, considering the role of managerial overconfidence. the type of research is descriptive and correlational, from the purpose dimension is type of applied research, and the method of data collection is type of post-event data, that has been used the database Tehran Stock Exchange. Based on conditions considered for sampling, selected 124 companies by systematically eliminated during the years 1391 to 1399 (solar year), and test the hypotheses using by multiple regression. Findings show that management ability increases the speed of capital structure adjustment, also managerial overconfidence can have a direct effect on this relationship. These findings highlight the role of managerial ability and overconfidence in decisions related to capital structure.related to capital structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - تفحص و کاوش یادگیری اکتشافی هدایت شده و ویژگی های شخصیتی، تمرکز بر اعتماد به نفس گفتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی
Leili Darakhani Peyman Rajabiکار حاضر سعی در کشف رابطه بین یادگیری اکتشافی هدایت شده، ویژگی های شخصیتی و ایجاد اعتماد به نفس در هنگام سخن گفتن در میان زبان آموزان EFL ایرانی دارد. بدین منظور از بین 150 شرکت کننده تعداد 60 شرکت کننده از طریق نمونه برداری ساده تصادفی از دو دانشکده زبان در تهران، ایرا Moreکار حاضر سعی در کشف رابطه بین یادگیری اکتشافی هدایت شده، ویژگی های شخصیتی و ایجاد اعتماد به نفس در هنگام سخن گفتن در میان زبان آموزان EFL ایرانی دارد. بدین منظور از بین 150 شرکت کننده تعداد 60 شرکت کننده از طریق نمونه برداری ساده تصادفی از دو دانشکده زبان در تهران، ایران، انتخاب شدند. آنها به دو گروه تجربی و شاهد تقسیم شدند. تکنیک های آموزشی گروه تجربی توسط روش اکتشافی هدایت شده جهت ایجاد اعتماد به نفس گفتاری مدیریت شدند. تکنیک معمولی برای تدریس به گروه شاهد انتخاب شد. پس از تکمیل یک مجموعه پنج جلسه ای، یک آزمون مهارت های گفتاری برگزار شد. پس از آن همه پرسشنامه ها در میان شرکت کنندگان در یک زمان اختصاص داده شده توزیع شدند. نهایتاً نتایج به دست آمده از آزمون ها و نمرات جمع آوری و مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه برای پاسخ به سؤالات به کار گرفته شد. یافته ها به لحاظ آماری تفاوت های معنی داری را در سه متغیر به لحاظ اعتماد به نفس گفتاری نشان دادند. براساس این نتایج، اثربخشی متغیرها براساس ظهور شان به صورت زیر رتبه بندی شد: یادگیری اکتشافی هدایت شده، ویژگی های شخصیتی و اعتماد به نفس. به علاوه، نتایج بیان کردند در میان ویژگی های شخصیتی برون گرایی سهم قابل ملاحظه ای در اعتماد به نفس زبان آموزان دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Vienna Agreement: Continuation or Change in Nuclear Diplomacy?
Ahmad Soltaninejad Soheil Godarzi Mostafa NajafiAbstract: The long and complex negotiations between Iran and P5+1 on the nuclear conflict in the past twelve years, finally led to a comprehensive nuclear agreement between Iran and permanent members of the UN Security Council. This agreement not only recognizes the rig MoreAbstract: The long and complex negotiations between Iran and P5+1 on the nuclear conflict in the past twelve years, finally led to a comprehensive nuclear agreement between Iran and permanent members of the UN Security Council. This agreement not only recognizes the right of have and use of peaceful nuclear energy for Iran but also contains a joint program for removing the international sanctions against Iran. Regardless of consequences and primary estimates of nuclear agreement and It costs and benefits for Iran, the impact of diplomacy and foreign policy method that the eleventh administration has taken on this matter is one of the components that must be regarded. Accordingly, the main question in which this article has written on is: If achieving a common point to Resolution the nuclear dossier after twelve years conflict between Iran and international actors, in time of ruling moderation discourse on Iran's foreign policy is a Sign for significant change in nuclear diplomacy or is only the Continuation of past approaches in new conditions? This article through a casual-analytical study of diplomatic procedures in two periods; reformation (1997-2005) and moderation (2013-2015) seeks to proof this assumption that regarding to political and diplomatic procedures resulted in Vienna Agreement, it seems that eleventh administration's diplomacy is merely is a disport from the past offensive approach in foreign policy (2005-2013) and return to détente and trust building toward west, which had been applied in the early years of third millennium. The eleventh administration's foreign policy operation (in the case of nuclear deal) is based on trust building, détente and managed interaction with west in order to eliminating the distrust and pessimism about Iran's peaceful nuclear program; the same policy, that in the first round of negotiations was applied. Of course the tactics and mechanism of this kind of diplomacy are novel and original. So, considering the Coordinates of nuclear diplomacy leading to "Barjam" (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) it seems that this progress is the synthesis of continuation or change in Iranian diplomacy during recent years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Managerial over Confidence, Corporate Social Responsibility Activities, Corporate Performance and Financial Constraints
Mohadeseh Shaghaghi Shahnaz MashayekhAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfid MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfidence and to investigate the relationship between corporate responsibility and corporate performance with the role of moderating financial constraints. This study is an appliedresearch in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlation research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Using the data collected from the statistical sample of the research, which includes 138 companies, the research hypotheses were tested. To calculate managerial overconfidence, the capital expenditure ratio was used and to calculate the corporate social responsibility index, data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used. Social accountability Data envelopment analysis method was used. The results show that managerial overconfidence has a positive and significant relationship with corporate social responsibility. Also, managerial overconfidence weakens the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance, and financial constraints do not moderate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - تفاوتهای فردی و قضاوت حرفه ای حسابرس
مسلم سعیدی گراغانی احمد ناصری -
Open Access Article
111 - A sociological study central neighborhood and social participation
sara monirifar reza esmaili Mansour Haghighatian hossein imaniAbstract Title: A sociological study central neighborhood and social participation The current study investigates the pivotal neighborhood and social cooperation. The aim of this design is to fathom and interpret senior administrators and the informed people with regar MoreAbstract Title: A sociological study central neighborhood and social participation The current study investigates the pivotal neighborhood and social cooperation. The aim of this design is to fathom and interpret senior administrators and the informed people with regards to social participation and the neighborhood management. The methodology of the study is the consecutive combination which includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly, a number of 22 administrators and informed people were interviewed regarding the concept of participation and neighborhood management and a theoretical absolution was obtained. Given the findings of the qualitative data and the theories posed, a theoretical model was designed. In the quantitative section, the assumptions of the study were tested. The number of population of the study is 487. The findings are indicative of the fact that the degree of participation was at the lowest level according to Arneshtain. The majority of the interviewees regarded attendance in the training sessions as part of social participation . Based on the results of path analysis, we can say that social confidence, neighborhood management and neighborhood bondage have had the highest impact on social cooperation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating social and cultural factors related to the change in addiction tendency of Ardabil students
alireza a;ipour ALI ASGHAR ABBASI ASFAJIR ali rahmaniThe study aimed to assess factors associated with the tendency to addiction. The population of this study consisted of all students at the University of Applied Science, Urmia police unit who are studying in the academic year 94-93. The sample size in this study, accord MoreThe study aimed to assess factors associated with the tendency to addiction. The population of this study consisted of all students at the University of Applied Science, Urmia police unit who are studying in the academic year 94-93. The sample size in this study, according to Morgan, 70, who was selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaire. The findings suggest that the relationship between extracurricular activities with no significant tendency towards addiction. The laws and regulations in relation to drug addiction tendencies and significant negative relationship exist. The confidence of students with significant negative correlation is their tendency to addiction. Negative relationship between academic achievement and their tendency to addiction and meaningful. Laws and regulations related to addiction, self-esteem and academic achievement and a significant negative effect on students' tendency to addiction and its inverse predictor. Extracurricular activities, students do not have a significant effect on the tendency to addiction and not significant predictors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The role of jurisprudence in public trust
seyed mahmoud hosseini seyedali pourmanoochehri jamshid masoumiAchieving individual and social ideals and goals in societies requires public trust in social relations. Public trust means positive reception from the custodians of affairs and institutions and organizations towards the wishes and demands of the general public. Legitim MoreAchieving individual and social ideals and goals in societies requires public trust in social relations. Public trust means positive reception from the custodians of affairs and institutions and organizations towards the wishes and demands of the general public. Legitimacy of the council and emphasis on justice and beneficence and faithfulness to promises and trustworthiness and enjoining what is good and forbidding what is bad and the ruling of reason and rationality is a proof of the existence of its jurisprudential foundations, and the creation of a spirit of cooperation and responsibility and relying on honesty and the realization of justice Social is one of its jurisprudential works. And the constitution is a proof of the existence of its legal foundations and the development and consolidation of equality and public participation, and the provision of all-round rights of individuals and the elimination of unfair discrimination are considered to be its legal effects. Commitment and action based on jurisprudence and law will be the foundation of a desirable society. In this research, we will explain the role of jurisprudence on public trust with a descriptive and analytical method, and we will show that the current research will show that jurisprudence is one of the forms of public trust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Ability Comparison Adaboost Learning Machine Algorithms and Probable Classification Bayesian in Predicting Managers Over Confidence Iranian Capital Market Companies
shokoufeh etebar Roya Darabi Mohsen Hamidian Seiyedeh Mahbobeh JafariMore confidence is a personality trait, it may affect the decisions of corporate executives, and Management with irrational behavior can affect the company's performance in the long run. The main purpose of this applied research is “Ability comparison Adaboost Lea MoreMore confidence is a personality trait, it may affect the decisions of corporate executives, and Management with irrational behavior can affect the company's performance in the long run. The main purpose of this applied research is “Ability comparison Adaboost Learning Machine Algorithms and Probable Classification Bayesian in predicting Managers over Confidence Iranian Capital Market Companies during the years 2009 to 2017 ". In this regard, Adaboost artificial intelligence algorithms and Probable Classification Bayesian were proposed to validate this year and the following year in order to provide a model for predicting Management over Confidence in Tehran Stock Exchange companies. In total, 34 different industries were selected as statistical samples (financial data of 3145 companies-year in total). The method of data collection in the theoretical part of the library method and for calculating and statistical classification of financial data, from software's Excel and to test the research hypotheses Used from the software matlab 2017. The research findings show that, obtained nonlinear models prediction of the Adaboost algorithm and the probable Bayesian algorithm, both have ability to predict the over confidence of management for this year and one year later, But Adaboost 's prediction model, in contrast to the Bayesian's prediction model, has better results in predicting Management over Confidence. Which indicates greater power in learning and better performance of this model in order to predict the uncertainty of management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Effect of Overconfidence Managers on the Company's Risk Policies
Mansoureh HajiHashemi Vernosefaderani Mohammadreza AbdoliIn this research, we study the effects of overconfidence of managers (one of behavioral bias) and its impact on companies’ risk policy from operational, financial and market perspectives. Due to weakness of existing modeks in describing psychological variables inf MoreIn this research, we study the effects of overconfidence of managers (one of behavioral bias) and its impact on companies’ risk policy from operational, financial and market perspectives. Due to weakness of existing modeks in describing psychological variables influencing overconfidence, first a justified model of overconfidence has been presented. To estimate model's parameters, random effects statistical model has been used. In this regard, a total of 98 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been studied. Years 1389 to 1394 (Hijri calendar) is the period of investigation. Since the t-test value of financial and business risk is greater than 1.965 and its significance level is also less than 0.5, linear correlation between the business and financial risk and overconfidence is approved. Also t-test value of market risk is lower than 1.965 and its significance level is higher than 0.5. So linear and significant relation between the market risk and manager overconfidence is rejected. As the final conclusion, results confirm significant relationships between overconfidence and financial risk management and also business risk management. In the meantime, a significant relationship between overconfidence and market risk has not been observed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Statistical ranking of different VaR and ES models by using Model Confidence Set approach for the banking industry: With an emphasis on Conditional Extreme Value Theory
Alireza Saranj marziyeh nourahmadiIn this paper, we deal with the ranking of different VaR and ES approaches using daily banking industry index data over the period 2008 to 2016, with an emphasis on Conditional Extreme Value approach. In the first stage, we use Bernoulli coverage and independence of vio MoreIn this paper, we deal with the ranking of different VaR and ES approaches using daily banking industry index data over the period 2008 to 2016, with an emphasis on Conditional Extreme Value approach. In the first stage, we use Bernoulli coverage and independence of violation tests for VaR models and McNeil & Frey’s backtest for ES models to examine the validity of these models. In the second stage, we import the loss functions of the valid models remained from the first stage into the MCS function and rank statistically them. The loss function used for VaR models is Dowd loss function and the one used for ES models is Olsen loss function. The results show that the in both VaR and ES models, the conditional EV with normal standardized residuals, the conditional EV with student's t standardized residuals and GARCH with student's t residuals models are respectively ranked first to third. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The optimization of Investment Beliefs in Tehran Stock Exchange Break Points Based on Heterogeneous Agent Models Framework and Agent Based Modelling with Genetic Algorithm
mehdi khoshnood Fraydoun Rahnamay Roodposhti Hashem NikoomaramThis paper survey beliefs of investor on Tehran stock exchange at three break point date (BPD). at first three BPD with several criterion : average of the share price indices , average value of the stock market turnover , average value of the stock market capitali MoreThis paper survey beliefs of investor on Tehran stock exchange at three break point date (BPD). at first three BPD with several criterion : average of the share price indices , average value of the stock market turnover , average value of the stock market capitalization .according this three BPD are : the election of Mahmood Ahmadinejad at 2005 , financial crisis at 2008 and the election of Hassan rouhani at 2013 . In addition this paper is base of Brock and Hommes heterogeneous agent model (HAM) framework. Samples are the shares of companies that 40 days before and 40 days after was traded .then with MATLAB software code was writhed and simulation done. Finding shows that strategy of contrarian trend chaser is the best and we can with genetic algorithm optimize average and standard deviation of coefficient of investment strategy and adaption with real market at break point dates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Effect of Other Cash Flow Classes on the Relationship between Managers' Overconfidence and Operational Cash Flow Management
شهناز مشایخ نسترن میرزاییAbstractThe aim of this paper is to find the answers to hypotheses such as, can CEO's overconfidence lead to increases in their action towards management of Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) , do Cash Flow from finance (CFF) and Cash Flow from investment (CFI) have the ef MoreAbstractThe aim of this paper is to find the answers to hypotheses such as, can CEO's overconfidence lead to increases in their action towards management of Cash Flow from Operations (CFO) , do Cash Flow from finance (CFF) and Cash Flow from investment (CFI) have the effect on the relation between CEO's overconfidence and the management of Cash Flow from Operations?The samples used in this study are all companies listed on the Tehran stock exchange, that based on the systematic elimination sampling method, 146 companies or in other word 876 year-firm was selected as statistical sample. This study is correlation analysis of post-event panel data. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to test the hypothesis. Stata software version 15 and Eviews version 12 were also used for statistical analysis.The result of testing the research first hypothesis shows that the CEO's overconfidence has positive effect on the management of Cash Flow from Operations. The second finding also indicates that, Cash Flow from finance (CFF) and Cash Flow from investment (CFI) have the negative effect on the relation between CEO's overconfidence and the management of Cash Flow from Operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effects of Gamification on Self-confidence and Academic Enthusiasm of Primary School Students
Zeinab Karami Baharak Shirzad kebria Saeid BroomandfarThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of gamification on self-confidence and academic enthusiasm of primary school students. For this purpose, 30 students were randomly selected from the sixth grade students of District 1 of Tehran cit MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of gamification on self-confidence and academic enthusiasm of primary school students. For this purpose, 30 students were randomly selected from the sixth grade students of District 1 of Tehran city who were studying in the academic year of 2011-2014 and the accident was divided into two experimental and control groups. The students of the experimental group received math lessons using gamification during 10 sessions of 30-45 minutes. In order to check the level of self-confidence and academic enthusiasm, Rosenberg's self-confidence questionnaires (1995) with a validity of 0.79 and Fredericks et al.'s academic enthusiasm questionnaire (2004) with a validity of 0.71 were used. In addition, to analyze the results, univariate (ANCOVA) and multivariate (MANCOVA) covariance analysis tests were used with SPSS 24 software. The results of this research showed that gamification has an effect on the self-confidence and academic enthusiasm of primary school students both together and separately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - CONSTANT STRESS ACCELERATED LIFE TESTING DESIGNWITH TYPE-II CENSORING SCHEME FOR PARETO DISTRIBUTION USING GEOMETRIC PROCESS
Mustafa Kamal -
Open Access Article
121 - Designing an Integrated Development Model for Assessing Coaching Competency Indicators in Educational Centers Using Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach (Case Study: Units and Centers of Islamic Azad University of West Azarbaijan Province)
Soror Heydari Aghjivan Kolsom KianniyaCoaching as a method of management development and a strategy for improving performance has been growing recently among managers of organizations. One of the most important research needs in this field is to identify factors affecting the success of coaching, in a pract MoreCoaching as a method of management development and a strategy for improving performance has been growing recently among managers of organizations. One of the most important research needs in this field is to identify factors affecting the success of coaching, in a practical and evaluable model in order to commit to manpower by using coaching skills and achieve individual and organizational performance. However, there is no research or literature on which of the factors of coaching competencies contributes the most to the improvement of individual and organizational performance for these organizations, especially academic centers. In the present study, in order to respond to this challenge, comprehensively and systematically identify all the criteria that are effective in the field of coaching competencies through documentary study and with the help of Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinion of 10 experts and using the approach Interpretive Structural Modeling was used to regulate and direct the complexity of the relationships between criteria and by developing an integrated model for the effectiveness of criteria. The results showed that the criteria of Supporting Ethical Values and Confidence in the Potential Abilities of Individuals have the highest effectiveness among the criteria of coaching competencies in the units of Islamic Azad University of West Azarbaijan Province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Structural model of academic achievement based on self-confidence and psychological capital mediated by coping strategies (avoidance, problem-oriented and emotion-oriented)
abolfazl bakhshipoor zakiye oladiThe aim of this study was to provide a structural model for predicting academic achievement based on self-confidence and psychological capital mediated by coping strategies in students. The research method was descriptive،correlational. The statistical population includ MoreThe aim of this study was to provide a structural model for predicting academic achievement based on self-confidence and psychological capital mediated by coping strategies in students. The research method was descriptive،correlational. The statistical population included all high school students in Mashhad in the academic year 1399-1400. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed and the resulting sample included 405 students. Participants answered the Luzenberg Confidence Questionnaire, the Stress Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Andler & Parker), and the Lutans Psychological Capital Questionnaire. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was run with SPSS 24 and AMOS software programs in order to investigate the relationships between latent variables. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-confidence, psychological capital and problem-oriented coping style with academic success. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between avoidance coping style and success. However, no significant relationship was found between emotion-oriented style and academic success. Also, students’ academic achievement was predicted by self-confidence and psychological capital with the mediating role of the problem-oriented coping strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigating the Mediating Role of Comparability of Financial Statements on the Relationship between Managers' Opportunistic Behavior and Investors' Divergence of Opinions
mohsen tohidloo علی بیات Ali Mohammadi VAHAB ROSTAMIBeliefs and emotional tendencies of investors can influence the direction of trading volumes and stock market prices by creating changes in the capital market environment. This paper has investigated the mediating role of comparability of financial statements on the rel MoreBeliefs and emotional tendencies of investors can influence the direction of trading volumes and stock market prices by creating changes in the capital market environment. This paper has investigated the mediating role of comparability of financial statements on the relationship between managers' opportunistic behavior and investors' divergence of opinions. This research was conducted post-event and using the causal correlation method. The companies listed to the Tehran Stock Exchange. formed the statistical population of the research, and by applying the desired conditions and systematically removing, it we used information of from 134 companies as a research sample in the period of 2014 to 2023. Divergence of investors' behavior has been calculated using the index of unexpected trading volume and managers' opportunistic behaviors have been measured by two factors of real earnings management and managers' overconfidence. The findings indicated that earnings management and management overconfidence have a direct and significant relationship with the divergence of investors' behavior. Also, the comparability of financial statements moderates the positive relationship between real earnings management and management's overconfidence on the divergence of investors' behavior regarding determining the correct figure of the intrinsic value of stocks while making investment decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Study of factors affecting the career adaptability of new students at Tehran University in 2014
Masoom sfri Mohamed Rabie Nasrin Mesbah Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the career adaptability of new students at Tehran University in 2014.The subjects were 1057 students who selected randomly. The subjects answer to Savykas career adaptability questionnaire and four dimensions More Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the career adaptability of new students at Tehran University in 2014.The subjects were 1057 students who selected randomly. The subjects answer to Savykas career adaptability questionnaire and four dimensions of career adaptability, concern, control, curiosity and confidence and related factors were studied. Using statistical methods like means, standard deviation and variance analysis to evaluate the difference between the dimensions of career adaptability with its related factors were examined, significant difference was found between the dimensions of career adaptability and related factors. The results describe the dimensions of career adaptability of students showed that about 49 percent of the students have a high concern and About 43/3 percent of students have high control and Approximately 53/3 percent of students have a high curiosity and About 47/4 percent of the students have high confidence in their career path And in total about 50/2 percent of students had high career adaptability. study The difference in career adaptability dimensions with gender (male and female) showed that girls has more concerned than boys And the difference between them was significant, study The dimensions of career adaptability with age, showed no significant difference, These results can be used in the development and promotion of career adaptability of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The effects of social and cultural factors affected on work life quality of the staff in Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran province
Ali Shirzad Magid Kaffashi Mohammadjavad GhaedmohammadiAbstract: This research has been done with the title of “The effects of social and cultural factors affected on work life quality of the staff in Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran province”. The research purpose is the amount assessment of effective MoreAbstract: This research has been done with the title of “The effects of social and cultural factors affected on work life quality of the staff in Water and Wastewater Company of Tehran province”. The research purpose is the amount assessment of effectiveness of social and cultural factors affected on work life has dealt with to explain relied on sociological theory add Walton point of view. The research method is survey and collecting tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The studied sample consists of 108 persons of the staff in Water and Waste water Company of the East of Tehran selected random sampling method. The research topics include 5 chapters. The obtained results showed that there is a relationship between the amount of social factors (social confidence, social correlation, social cooperation) and cultural factors (cultural capital). But there is a weak relationship between adherences to religious values in other word cultural indicators and life quality. Also the result showed that there is no difference in life quality divided into gender and marital status but there is a difference in life quality divided into work experience and education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Psychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love story
raheleh زرگرباشی عبدالحسن فرهنگیPsychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love storyPsychometric Properties of Confidence Scale in Marital Relationships And its relation to the scale of love story Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigating the effect of managers 'distrust and double investment on companies' financial distress
Houshang Alipour Reza Tehrani Aboutorab Alirezaei Ghanbar Abbaspour EsfadanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between managers' Overconfidence and Overinvestment on bankruptcy of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this Study, to measure the managers' more trust, the profit margin criteria of each share wer MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between managers' Overconfidence and Overinvestment on bankruptcy of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this Study, to measure the managers' more trust, the profit margin criteria of each share were used with real profits, average capital expenditures and surplus investment in assets, and the number of 122 companies in the period of 1396-1390 as a statistical sample has been selected. The findings of the research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between managers' Overconfidence and Bankruptcy. In general, the results from the hypotheses suggest that managers more than trust the ability to assess their abilities, meaning that the more people have more information about or have some knowledge of, they will increase their optimism. If these people are involved in or contributing to the project, the results are less optimistic and the risk of the project less realistic and the projects on which they invest heavily, the units of investment with the net negative value projects that ultimately bring the company's capital to They waste. Consequently, companies may have fewer cash flows to deal with sudden accidents leading to bankruptcy. The effect of Overinvestment has also been positively assessed on the bankruptcy of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Determining the relationship between the use of information technology and the self-confidence of librarians in university libraries, the universities of Tehran
Azam jafarani mosalman tahere hasoomiThe main aim of this research is definition of relation between using IT ( Information Technology ) and self confidence of "Islamic Azad Universities' librarians in Tehran.Statistics' society of this research contains 218 librarians who have licence ( and up ) universit MoreThe main aim of this research is definition of relation between using IT ( Information Technology ) and self confidence of "Islamic Azad Universities' librarians in Tehran.Statistics' society of this research contains 218 librarians who have licence ( and up ) universitical degree - whether as their education fields - and work at I.A.U.s' libraries in Tehran ( North Tehran Unity,South Tehran,East Tehran & West Tehran ).Applying "k. Morgan's Board",140 librarians were chosen samples between universities' libraries. It was used two questionnaries ( standard & providential ) to examine the variables: It was applied "Cooper Smith's Standard Questionnary" to examine librarians' self confidence,and providential questionnary to examine librarians' usage quantity of IT.Then,it was used "Pearson's Cohesion Coefficient Examination" to understand directive cohesion relation's meaning-fully;for answering the research questions foundamentally of combinated & collected informations. And also 'k-s examination" was applied to examine pre-supposed distribution normality. The results have been mentionning that: there is directive cohesion ( with high confiance,about 95% ) between librarians' general self confidence and IT usage with their social self confidence,and the other hand;between using IT and their professional self confidence variables. Besides,there is directive cohesion ( with low cnfiance,about 95% ) between using IT and librarians' education self confidence,and the other hand;between their family self confidence and IT usage variables. Manuscript profile
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