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Open Access Article
1 - Environmental impact assessment consecutive rubber dams in the Karzin river - Fars province
Mohammad HosseiniIntroduction: The water crisis in the country, as well as the optimal use of water resources, the distribution and transfer of water through small dams in the country have been taken into account, which has led to the control of the flow regime during floods and water s MoreIntroduction: The water crisis in the country, as well as the optimal use of water resources, the distribution and transfer of water through small dams in the country have been taken into account, which has led to the control of the flow regime during floods and water supply due to less negative effects. Drinking and farming work better. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the environment of successive dams in the river bed and also its effects on environmental factors in the region. Materials and Methods: In this research, it tried to investigate the environmental evaluation of successive small dams in the river course of Karin region of Fars province and to determine the positive and negative points of the construction of successive dams using Leopold's matrix. Three physical, biological, economic, social and cultural states were studied and evaluated in two phases of construction and operation with option 1 (not doing the project) and option 2 (doing the project). Results and Discussion: The assessment of environmental effects in the biological part of option 1 shows that the total score of the construction and operation phase has obtained a score of -212, which has the greatest negative impact on the factors of animal species mortality, reduction of biological food and growth and breeding of aquatic animals, and destruction. Vegetation can be seen in option 2 (execution of the project) on biological activities. It shows that the sum of points for the construction and operation phase has scored +295, which is the most effective factors of animal species migration, impact on the food chain and growth and development. Vegetation and aquatic cover. Conclusion: A general review of all environmental factors, although the option of not implementing the project has a negative score of 138, but not doing the project and leaving the area to itself is actually not using natural resources and not moving towards sustainable development. In the total scores of the entire economic, social and cultural environment, it was concluded that with the effect score of +2107, this action can have an effect on the economic, social and cultural prosperity of the region in the future, as well as the construction of successive dams, in addition to the change in the region's ecosystem, will cause Economic prosperity and water quality and quantity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Future Study of Investment in the Housing Industry in Iran Using Scenario Planning Approach and Cross-Impact Matrix
Mohammad Reza Fathi Mohammad Hasan Maleki Vahid Rezvani AslHousing sector is one of the pioneer sectors of every economy that attention to that moreover deep social and cultural influences and making jobs in building sector and dependent sectors, by means of  MoreHousing sector is one of the pioneer sectors of every economy that attention to that moreover deep social and cultural influences and making jobs in building sector and dependent sectors, by means of influence on consuming expenditures and investment, effects strongly on gross domestic product changes and economical fluctuations. Also in recent years, this industry always has faced with splendor and stagnancy. so in this research, housing industry with regard to importance and it`s role in economical development and public welfare, with financial view investigated as Futures study. As identifying effective key factors on investment and future profitability of housing industry are important, this research with using ultra disciplinary of futures study intends to apply recognitional instruments and scenario writing, presents a clear view of future of Iran housing industry to programmers and investors. because of this research is done with general and comprehensive view related to research variables, results of this research can be generalized to housing industry of country. in this research with studying subject literature and interview with experts of housing industry, effective factors on research variables are identified and next, with using cross impact analysis approach, data entered to Mic-mac software and 4 effective key factors on future of investment and profitability are specified including economical sanctions, scale of government investment in housing sector, economical splendor and stagnancy, scale of access to infrastructural networks that are selected among 40 effective factors. in next phase, for writing scenarios, 4 effective key factors with specifying uncertainty states in questionnaire by experts, entered to Scenariowizard software and the most consistent future forthcoming scenarios of housing industry specified . After identifying scenarios and consult experts, economical sanctions and scsle of government investment in housing sector selected for writing scenarios and with regards to their conditions, future of housing industry presented in the form of 4 scenarios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Forecasting the development of the public transport system in Qom with the Interactive Impact Analysis
azra ostovari ahmad GhasemiBackground: Qom is the eighth city of the country in terms of population and the second largest city in the country after Mashhad The centrality of admitting religious scholars and geographers As the north-south-east highway to the west, Transportation has become a majo MoreBackground: Qom is the eighth city of the country in terms of population and the second largest city in the country after Mashhad The centrality of admitting religious scholars and geographers As the north-south-east highway to the west, Transportation has become a major issue in the city.Target: Forecasting the development of the public transport system in Qom with the Interactive Impact Analysis.Method: With the logic of morphological analysis, a number of dimensions and indicators were identified as factors in the development of public transportation. By using the scenario wizard software, consistent scenarios from the combination of different indicators according to the experts of the transport deputies of Qom.Results: First consecutive scenario with compatibility level 46 as the most adapted scenario, including intersection design, resident population (welfare of citizens), safety (removal of accidental points), personal transportation management, the role of traffic police and the correct use of traffic lights and Driving was selected to manage traffic in Qom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A Review Of Cross Impact Analysis Methods And An Introduction To the Correlation Logic Method
Ebrahim Hajiani Alireza HemmatiMost of the futures study methods evaluate the concerning variables and drivers seperately to predict or examine the events. However, some times there is a need to analyze the event occurance probability in correlation with a series of predicted events. The Cross Impact MoreMost of the futures study methods evaluate the concerning variables and drivers seperately to predict or examine the events. However, some times there is a need to analyze the event occurance probability in correlation with a series of predicted events. The Cross Impact Analysis method is the key to this problem. Requiring more complex statistical processing to achieve the results, the Cross Impact Analysis method, like the Delphi method, is based on the experts opinions. The main approach in this method is to determine the event occurance probability or various driver forces seperately and ask the experts opinions for the event occurance probability in case of other event occurances and their cross impact. In advanced methods of this analysis, discussed in this study, event occurance probability is reviewed in the chain of reasons between events. Thus, a matrix of the primary probabilities and conditional probabilities and directed event cross impact relations and driving forces is designed. The common methods of this analysis defines rules based on the two logic of probabilities and structures relations for the events impacts on each other. However, both methods are not used for the cross impacts. In this study, authors presented a new method of correlation logic to cover both positive and negative impacts of events on each other using a review on available methods of cross impact analysis. Cross impact analysis method usually leads to a scenario Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Environment Impact Assessment Of Landuse Settlement on Rivers quantitative/ qualitative parameters. (Case Study: zashk river)
Shiva Ajilian Momtaz Nature- Travelling is a part of Tourism complex that applied to warrant travel to natural area.For study and enjoy to plants and an More Nature- Travelling is a part of Tourism complex that applied to warrant travel to natural area.For study and enjoy to plants and animals view and every cultural aspect contemporary or past.At the present, while suddenly increase and non- plan Tourism Global the factors have effect environment that uncorrect planning cause environmental pollution.In hence, we must need to assessment environment effects that such activity for recognizing and fore sight marks a project are on human and environment health. Zoshk village in khorasan is one of the most important tourism.In edge of river have many The village has a Natural landscope called Zoshk River is length 30km. The river pass through vary gardens and Agri-lands produce beatiful landscope. Restaurant and villas That every which like as Natural- source, sufficient effective to environment. But what was effects through the human- made factors settlement? Tourism events in attractions cause chang to eco-system such as increase development restaurant and surplus water repelling, chang to side using of water - surface,disorder in (soil/land) utilization, preparations and change to condition specially, soil- characteristics and…so, Ask the following questions: Did the changes can hazard quality River-water and increase ill-ness? What did we can performance to decrease Negative effects? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Social Impact of the Architectural Components of Safavid Bridges in Isfahan (Case Study: Khaju and Allahverdi Khan Bridges)
Ghazaleh Hanaei Darab Diba Hamed Abedini Masoumeh Yavari -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of Visual Impacts in Compact City’s Form
Nima Mouhebati -
Open Access Article
8 - Solving a new mathematical fuzzy multi-objective for supply chain of based on fuzzy necessity measure.
Alireza Mansori sulaiman Iranzadeh Abdollah HadiThe Supply Chain is considered a necessity for the success of organizations seeking the most economic, environmental and social impacts. In addition, the implementation and suitable execution of this supply chain seems to be necessary. Considering the importance of the MoreThe Supply Chain is considered a necessity for the success of organizations seeking the most economic, environmental and social impacts. In addition, the implementation and suitable execution of this supply chain seems to be necessary. Considering the importance of the social impacts of this supply chain, a fuzzy multi-objective mathematical model is provided such that, in addition to considering the environmental and economic impacts, social impacts are also considered. In order to approximate the provided model to real-world conditions, some parameters are considered under conditions of uncertainty and in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers. A two-step method is provided to solve the proposed model. In the first step, the model converges to a determinate multi- objective problem using the necessity measure and in the second step the model is solved using the cumulative function method .Finally, to show the applicability of the proposed method, a real industrial case study is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The relationship between religious beliefs and Islamic financial literacy in master's degree students
اسما اشرف گنجوئی شهناز نایب زادهReligious beliefs and practices, such as trust in the Lord will strengthen hope andoptimism in all phases of human life. In this paper, initially, the role of religious beliefsand the impact of religion on people's lives is expressed. Then the necessity andimportance of MoreReligious beliefs and practices, such as trust in the Lord will strengthen hope andoptimism in all phases of human life. In this paper, initially, the role of religious beliefsand the impact of religion on people's lives is expressed. Then the necessity andimportance of financial literacy on economic decisions has been analyzed. Commentsmaster's degree students from different universities about financial literacy and Islamicteachings have been studied. In the present study, data are collected by using aquestionnaire. The results of this study can be valuable for researchers and policy makersin universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A Documentary Analysis of Socio-Economic Impacts of IoT in Denmark
Babak Goldouzian Mohammad Soltanifar Seyed Ali Rahmanzadeh Soroush Fathi Sara MohamadpourDenmark is one of the leading countries in the utilization of the Internet of Things. This study analyzes the socio-economic impacts of the Internet of Things in Denmark. The research method is documentary analysis and we investigated in documents, articles and reports MoreDenmark is one of the leading countries in the utilization of the Internet of Things. This study analyzes the socio-economic impacts of the Internet of Things in Denmark. The research method is documentary analysis and we investigated in documents, articles and reports published in Denmark. The results show that the Internet of Things has led to the realization of sustainable development goals in various areas of urban, health, education, transportation and etc. In the social field, in general, there has been an increase in the life quality and education and digital literacy, more valuable job opportunities, improvement the health services, and smart care. And, of course, there are important challenges and concerns regarding ethical issues, privacy, data protection and etc. in this regard, legal frameworks must be considered to address them. In the economic field, the study of documents shows the change of business model, increasing productivity, creating new business opportunities and presence in global markets, and the growth of the national economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The environmental effects of Uromieh lake road
نادر Habibzadeh منصور BadrifarUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, c MoreUromieh lake, located in the interface of West Azarbaijan and East Azarbaijanprovinces, is one the unique habitats in all around the world creating breathtaking andpicturesque landscape in this area. The instruction of a suitable road, consideringenvironmental issues, can turn this region to one of the tourist attraction centers inIran. By the way, apart from the foregoing advantage this proceeding will facilitatetransportation between capital cities of two important provinces, namely WestAzarbaijan and East Azarbaijan thereby pave the way for the progress of this region.However even though, considering the vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems, theimplementation of this project will result in some deleterious effects from theviewpoint of environmental and social-economic aspects. Therefore, environmentalimpact assessment of this project is really inevitable. In this research theenvironmental threats related to this project along with the effects of Uromieh lakewatershed on the construction of this road have been examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluating of planning process and regional impacts national construction plan (Case study ;Kārūn-3 Dam)
رحمت الله Farhoodi مجید AbdolahiMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to str MoreMain efforts for executing national prosperity and construction plans includes,programming, budget securing, operation& monitoring; are usually handled bygovernmental department. Because of national targets and necessity of executing basicprograms with regard to strategic action plans in national development; large scale andnational projects should be programmed by government.For this point of view and up to down programming procedure in performingsuch plan, causes enormous change in local, regional and also national geographicalboundrise.Dam constructing is one of the government development program in order toprovide water for drinking and agriculture. These projects have many environmental,economical and social impact in local scale.In iran kārūn- 3 dam plan ,generates electricity, control flood water in upper basinyield and also provide fresh water for agriculture targets. The plan fesibility studybegan in 1961 and was exploited in 2003.The following paper not only evaluates Kārūn-3 dam planning process with dueattention to planning theory, but also make clear the project impact in regional andlocal scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - An analysis of the assessment place and social impact in the management of social vulnerabilities in the context of Tehran's limit.
Bahman Kargar Seyyed Farid MortazaviThe limit of Tehran encompasses approximately 23 cities, 237 inhabited villages, and numerous activity centers, housing around 2 million people. The area's spatial expansion, both formal and informal, is ongoing and anticipated to continue over the next two decades. Whi MoreThe limit of Tehran encompasses approximately 23 cities, 237 inhabited villages, and numerous activity centers, housing around 2 million people. The area's spatial expansion, both formal and informal, is ongoing and anticipated to continue over the next two decades. While the northern part of limit faces encroachment issues, the southern section serves as a hub for the marginalized and socioeconomically disadvantaged, seemingly compelled by urban and regional development programs that limit their citizenship. These marginalized groups often overlook significant social, cultural, and economic aspects of their collective and individual lives, despite their potential for development and participation. Failure to incorporate these groups could render development and management plans for limit ineffective and confined to mere documentation. Hence, it is essential to involve the area's inhabitants in the planning process, as they could otherwise become victims of exploitative land acquisition schemes. The article's primary aim is to provide insight into the social realities of limit and the necessity of a community-oriented approach for managing social vulnerabilities and achieving sustainable development in there. The region's complexity, housing a diverse population, underscores the importance of recognizing the needs, goals, of this community-focused strategy. To address the issues and challenges faced by limit's residents, any development and management plan must actively engage all stakeholders, both current and future, and strive for inclusivity while combatting unlawful practices. In essence, the article advocates for an approach that acknowledges the community, ultimately leading to a more holistic and effective strategy for the region's advancement and well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Social and cultural impacts assessment of sports project and management outcoms (case study: Stadium of martyr Kazemi)
محسن رنجبر زهرا خستو طوبی پیروIntroduction and Objective of research: Concepts such as social participation, health in all its Dimensions, access to information and resources ... Are important in sustainable urban development.As beneficiaries of the people and their involvement (participation) in th MoreIntroduction and Objective of research: Concepts such as social participation, health in all its Dimensions, access to information and resources ... Are important in sustainable urban development.As beneficiaries of the people and their involvement (participation) in the development process and the entire social, cultural and economic development of the social life is very important. Methods: In this study the research, analytical, and the purpose of the application. For the data collection, field procedures and documents used.The documents and information of the location of the project has been collected and studied the current situation in the field of exploratory interviews, observations and review of applications, the identification of groups of people and the questionnaires collected.The impact of scrolling through quantitative and qualitative methods and tools as well as residents of the project and in-depth interviews with municipal officials, business ideas and members of District 19 councils, were used. Research Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of social and cultural consequences of the region's 19 municipalities Tehran soccer stadium martyr Kazemi isthe results show that. Boost morale and willingness sports and youth and attract them to exercise, reduce social harm and crime in the neighborhood , residents have access to sports facilities and the opportunity to go to the stadium and see the games close, especially young people and enriching leisure youth , talent among young people and ... The most positive outcomes .Traffic in the area of drug dealing around the stadium, the neighborhood residents to calm down neighborhood security (conflict between the audiences), the rent going up in the neighborhood and most of the residents and the negative consequences members of municipal councils and authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Social impact assessment of Valiasr Project as a one way avenue
دکتر معصومه مطلق جمشید گراوند جمیله فدویIntroduction and purpose: the present paper tries to study the Valiasr project as a one way avenue from August 2009 which has done by Tehran Municipality in order to reduce traffic flow and maintain the natural beauty and appropriate spaces of this avenue .finally the p MoreIntroduction and purpose: the present paper tries to study the Valiasr project as a one way avenue from August 2009 which has done by Tehran Municipality in order to reduce traffic flow and maintain the natural beauty and appropriate spaces of this avenue .finally the positive and negative outcomes are considered based on social impact assessment (SIA). Methodology: this is a qualitative and quantitative research also the strength, weakness, opportunities and the threats (SWOT) are described. Findings: the findings show that this project raises the strength, weakness points .Generally speaking, it leads to increase the application of means of transportation as well as some residents face with many problems. Results: the results indicate that the respondents believed in the problems and weakness of this project more than its strength, as if there are many people who used their personal cars so the traffic flow remained in force. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Qualitative and quantitative study of free English e-journals for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture
Farshid Danesh Alireza Isfandyari Moghaddam Abolfazl Taheri Marzieh SaeedizadehPurpose: this study aims to determine the most valid free e-journals in English for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture in 2013. Methodology: After determination of free e-journals for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering scien MorePurpose: this study aims to determine the most valid free e-journals in English for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture in 2013. Methodology: After determination of free e-journals for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture in English from DOAJ, by using a checklist and a qualitative approach all this 1141 journals were evaluated. Then, internet address of selected 819 journals was Survey in order to determine backlinks (in-links) by "Majestic SEO". Also, the revised web impact factor was calculated. Findings: The findings of this study showed that 71.77 percent of English e-journals are qualified. Backlinks analysis indicates that the core journal of Agriculture is "Nutrition Journal". Core journal in engineering sciences include: "The International Arab Journal of Information Technology"; core journals in Art & Architecture include: "International Journal of Design". Base on revised web impact factor, "EFSA Journal "is top journal in Agriculture; "International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences" is top journal in in Engineering; "The Irish Journal of Gothic and Horror Studies" is the best journal in Art & Architecture. Also, the results showed that there is positive correlation between revised web impact factor and in-links. Results: The results of this research can assist researchers and research administrators in universities in order to identify the most valid free e-journals in English for disciplines in Agriculture, Engineering sciences and Art & Architecture. Also, libraries through managing free e-journal, can save user’s time and cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - An economic model for food packaging waste management with a sustainable development approach
avideh Asadollahi Hamid Tohidi Ahmad ShojaBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environ MoreBackground and Objective: Today, food packaging waste management is a challenge on a global scale that has faced many economic constraints in developing countries. If this waste is not managed properly, it will have irreparable consequences on the quality of the environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to select sustainable scenarios for packaging waste management based on product design. Material and Methodology: In this research, by simulating a mathematical model, the costs of waste management scenarios and at the same time the detrimental effects on environmental quality and human health have been minimized. The proposed model, which can be used in various industries, has been implemented using binary genetic optimization algorithm, taking into account the design details, life cycle analysis and end-of-life options (in the form of 9 management scenarios). Findings: In general, estimating the optimal solution of the proposed model in each product group, shows the winning scenario appropriate to the optimal design alternative, which is an economic option with the least destructive effects on the environment and human health. The results of model implementation for a real example show in seven product groups defined four scenarios (25% source reduction, 25% recycling and 45% incineration and only 5% landfill) and scenario five (source reduction by 60% and incineration of 30% of waste and 10% landfill) are the winning options for optimal designs in most product groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The simulated model helps manufacturers to have a proper estimate of the environmental and economic consequences of the designed product. This research also enables decision makers and policy makers to achieve the goals of sustainable development, by legislating more manufacturers to accept responsibility for end-of-life management of their products as well as municipalities to set up a network. Encourage urban waste management systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating the environmental consequences of tourism development by the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (Case study: Costal area of Chaf-Chamkhaleh, Guilan)
Somae Golchin Bahman RamezaniBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at prese MoreBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at present. Unfortunately, due to improper planning as well as weak infrastructure and management of tourism, development of tourism has led to large negative environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts caused by the residences and tourist accommodations in the coastal area of Chaf-Chamkhale using the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (RIAM) in operation phase of physical-chemical, ecological-biological, social-cultural and economic- operational environments. Method: Rapid impact assessment matrix method (RIAM) is one of the methods used for assessing the environmental impacts. Using this method, the standard data of important criteria have been assessed in this study. Findings: The results show that tourism development has positive effects on economic-operational and social-cultural environments. The minimum negative effects were seen on health and traffic and the maximum effects were noticed on physical environment. Discussion and Conclusion: Although tourism development in the study area has seemingly increased economical income and employment, it has posed a much larger destruction and negative views such as degradation of physical environments, land use change and environmental conservation as a result of employing the existing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Role of Landscape Ecology Spatial Structure Analysis in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Case Study: Miankaleh International Wetland)
Soolmaz Dashti Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Kaveh Jafarzadeh Mojgan Bazmara BaleshtiBackground and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable devel MoreBackground and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of spatial composition and distribution of Miankaleh International Wetland and also to evaluate the efficiency of land features measurements to assess environmental effects. Method: For this purpose, first Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images of ETM + and OLI sensors related to 2001 and 2016 were prepared. Then, by performing the necessary processing and preprocessing, the land use map was prepared and the raster maps were entered into FRAGSTATS 4.2 software was performed. Findings: According to the results, it can be said that the water zone of the wetland (which is the most important part of the wetland) and consequently the wetlands of the wetland have a large area and has not become fine and stained, but during the study period Deleted part of its domain. The use of vegetation and man-made lands has also disrupted the natural environment by creating new spots and fragmentation. Agricultural use has not been in the form of spots and the increase in its area has been in the form of large spots. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the stated results, proper management in the wetland environment is not implemented. Because the current management of Miankaleh wetland is a hardware and old management, also due to the location of this wetland in two provinces, it does not have an integrated management and the management plan is scattered and multiple. As a result, by creating an integrated and coherent management plan, the problems of this wetland can be overcome to some extent. The present study well showed that land use measurements are a suitable tool for assessing environmental impacts in the shortest time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of environmental impacts and geo-medical of heavy elements by using remote sensing technology and geochemistry(A case study about Palang Dareh region and Dali deposits in central province)
Raha Salehi alireza gharagozlu sara yousefifarBackground and objective: High concentration of elements (particularly heavy elements) have been always associated with environmental problems in terms of threats for local animals and plants, making it necessary to determine the concentration of heavy elements when ass MoreBackground and objective: High concentration of elements (particularly heavy elements) have been always associated with environmental problems in terms of threats for local animals and plants, making it necessary to determine the concentration of heavy elements when assessing environmental quality. Geogenically high concentration of heavy elements and their spread across protected zones tend to impose irreparable damages to regional environment. Method: In the present research, remote sensing studies based on ETM and ASTER data were undertaken to determine regional alterations and structures, and geochemical studies were performed to determine how and why environmentally heavy elements are spread across Palang-Darreh region and Dali deposit located in Markazi province, with the results finally compiled into an environmental interpretation. Approximately, a total of 471 samples were processed، of which 62 samples were taken from Palang-Darreh area. The samples taken from Palang-Darreh area were analyzed via ICP and ICP-OES methods. Findings: Once finished with processing and statistically analyzing the chemical data، elemental anomaly diagrams and maps were prepared and, finally, statistical populations were investigated with respect to the international criteria set by WHO (World Health Organization). Discussion and Conclusion: It was indicated that, high concentration of some elements across the area was of geogenic nature. Since this location is a protected area and Dali mine is situated here, so survey of medical geology studies and proper solutions were presented to lower human and environmental of locations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Application of Life Cycle Assessment Method to Compare Environmental Impacts of a Green Roof and a Normal Roof
Elma Mohammadi Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi Marjan Mohammadzadeh Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like wate More Introduction: Green roof is one of the options to improve environmental problems of urban areas. Meanwhile there are some worries about the environmental impacts of creating green roofs, as despite the benefits of vegetation, some layers of green roofs like waterproof membrane, are made from polymers. In this survey, environmental impacts of an extensive green roof in its lifetime were compared with a normal roof. Materials and Method: In this survey, life cycle assessment method was used. Since there are various methods to implement a green roof, first different methods of implementation and different materials that can be used in its layers were studied and collected. Then some of these methods were chosen to investigate their environmental impacts in order to find the optimized option to create a green roof. On the next step, life cycle assessment of optimized option and normal roof was conducted. The open LCA software was used to compare environmental impacts of different implementing methods, and also optimized option and normal roof. Results and Discussion: Results showed that the green roof has less environmental impacts than normal roof, during its lifetime. In addition, it was indicated that in some impact categories that the environmental impacts of green roof was more than normal roof the reason was using PVC and geotextile (glass fiber and polyester) in its layers. Results of this paper can be improved by measuring benefits of creating a green roof (such as reducing quantity and quality of run off amounts), and also using materials with less environmental impacts in green roofs layers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigation of environmental impacts of potato production using life cycle assessment
Majid Dekamin EHSAN KHODAREZAEIBackground and Objective: In recent years, the debate over the environmental sustainability of agricultural productions is increased widely. In this context, environmental impacts of potato production in the Hamadan province (the largest producer of potatoes in Iran) we MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, the debate over the environmental sustainability of agricultural productions is increased widely. In this context, environmental impacts of potato production in the Hamadan province (the largest producer of potatoes in Iran) were studied.Material and Methodology: In this research, life cycle assessment approach was used to identify and reduce environmental impacts. Data were collected by face to face interview with farmers in Nahavand (2020-2021). The CML IA method was selected to impact assessment. The environmental impact were assessed for impact categories including involved the global warming potential, depletion of fossil fuel resources potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and human toxicity potential. Producing one ton of potatoes was determined as a functional unit.Findings: The results showed that the production of one-ton potato consumes 1774.75 MJ energy. It emits 125.52 kg CO2eq, 5.04 kg SO2eq, 1.34 kg PO4eq, 69.4 kg 1,4-DBeq that respectively are involved the global warming potential, depletion of fossil fuel resources potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and human toxicity potential.Discussion and Conclusion: The analyses revealed that the production of chemical fertilizers and electricity had highest effects on global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and human toxicity. Also, direct emissions from the field because of nitrogen and phosphoric compound in fertilizers had highest effects on eutrophication and acidification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Environmental Impact Assessment on Torghabeh-Shandiz Township using Degradation Model
Sahar Heidari Masteali Bahman Jabbarian Amiri Afshin Alizadeh ShabaniBackground and purpose: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represent the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is identifying vulnerability factors and destruction of ecosystems, MoreBackground and purpose: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represent the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is identifying vulnerability factors and destruction of ecosystems, to prevent further destruction by other project and also to show feasibility of future development to decision markers. Method: first The study area was partitioned into 94 cells, 1600 ha each and then Fourteen degradation factors were identified along with their intensity using land use map, field observations and expert views. So the determination of ecological susceptibility and physiological density was determined and all cells were classified to 4 categories: recommended for development, zones that require reconstruction, protection and cells hadn't development potential based on fuzzy theory. Results: The results show that from 94 cells, 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development. Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities (which are mainly destructive effects of tourism activities) in the region are obvious, so that destructive activities such as land use change and river pollution to the region on the one hand. They are the main causes of destruction of the 94 cell, 21 cell due to faults and 16 cell due to being in the Binalood protected area, have no development potential. 35 cell are recommended for development in first to third priorities, these cells are in low physiological density area and 22 cell due to high physiological density and severity destructive agents has a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore any future development in this area, should be excluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Geopolitical and environmental study of artificial islands in the Persian Gulf (From the perspective of international law)
sona ghasemi Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi ali zare parvin farshchi hermidas bavandAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Ira MoreAccording to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Iran, pursue the issue more sensitively. Moreover, according to principles of International Environmental Law, the countries that construct artificial islands should provide other countries with the required information regarding the construction and properties of their own artificial islands.Today, artificial island construction is being increased, and this has caused many environmental crises, including the increase of water darkness and pollution and transport of coastal sediments. This article analyzed the destructive impacts of constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf environment, the effect of development of new land space from geopolitical view, and building artificial islands from the viewpoint of International Law of the seas are being reviewed. Moreover, because the notion of governance in modern International Law has been modified regarding the use of the environment and sustainable development, the countries constructing these islands and coastal countries will have limited rights to build artificial islands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Quantification Visual Criteria of Land Cover Using Landscape Metrics (Case Study: Tonekabon Forests of Dohezar-Sehezar )
Kobra Melhosseini Darani Samar Mortazavi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Kamran Shayesteh Samereh FalahatkarBackground and Objective: Despite the increasingly trend of developmental activities that are likely to change the structure and change or eliminate landscape functions and processes in Iran ultimately, it seems necessary to consider the visual effect in EIA studies esp MoreBackground and Objective: Despite the increasingly trend of developmental activities that are likely to change the structure and change or eliminate landscape functions and processes in Iran ultimately, it seems necessary to consider the visual effect in EIA studies especially in northern ecosystem of the country. Methods: This study aimed to quantify the visual criteria of naturalness and complexity using SHDI, SHEI, PLAND, LPI, PR, PD, and NP measurements in the area of Tonekabon's Dohezar-Sehezar watershed from two viewpoints. The visible range, after land use mapping and production of DSM and transmitting of visibility points to GIS, was obtained using the Visibility instruction in GIS, which analyzed the visible range at two points. Findings: According to the PLAND index, the highest amount pertained to forest land use, and their amounts for forest, agriculture, and rangeland land uses found 0.1499, 0.0001, and 0.0021 respectively that detected the naturalness in the first- viewpoint was more than the second viewpoint, and this area has been less affected by human interferences. At the second point, except for the SHEI value which was less than the first point ( 0.0927), the amount of SHDI (0.0927), PR(7000), PD (2.507), and NP(2058000) indices grater than second point obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of landscape metrics with regard to their capabilities can be a useful step to early identification of the impacts of development on the structure of landscape. The proposed approach can be the basis for developing a new method to understanding the effects of landscape changing in planning and management fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Tehran Iran Khodro Factory (EIA)
Roqiyeh Yadollahi mohammad ghafariyanbahraman Maryam Alizadeh Mohammad Reza KhatibizadehBackground and Objective: The research includes an assessment of the environmental effects of the Iran Khodro Manufacturing Plant, with an emphasis on the application of the Iranian Leopold Matrix Method, prepared by Majid Makhdoom. Experts from Iran Khodro Factory, Env MoreBackground and Objective: The research includes an assessment of the environmental effects of the Iran Khodro Manufacturing Plant, with an emphasis on the application of the Iranian Leopold Matrix Method, prepared by Majid Makhdoom. Experts from Iran Khodro Factory, Environmental Organization and experts of the Municipality of Tehran region 21 have been used to rate each work in this method. The result of the matrix may be one of the following: the project is rejected, the project is approved, the project is verifiable with corrective options, the project is approved with the submission of improvement projects or that the project can be approved by presenting improvement plans and corrective options. Findings: By analyzing the Leopold matrix, it was determined that the number of negative algebraic effects is equal to 8 and the number of consequences, the negative algebraic average in the row is equal to 9. Among them, the number of negative consequences less than -3/1 in the column is only related to the effects of air pollutants. Which is equal to -3/3. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research show that the project is in the fifth position, which means the project of Iran Khodro Plant is approved by the presentation of the improvement plan and corrective options. In this case the number of ranking meanings in the column and in the rows is less than -3/1, but their number does not reach 50% of the states. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Environmental and Social Impact of Industrial Development (Case Study: Tehran City)
Abbas Noroozzadeh Marzieh mogholi Ahmadali khorambakhtBackground and Objective: In order to achieve national services, the strategy of industrialization undoubtedly plays an important role in protecting the special and natural resources of its particular environment. It has been described to this extent and can be customiz MoreBackground and Objective: In order to achieve national services, the strategy of industrialization undoubtedly plays an important role in protecting the special and natural resources of its particular environment. It has been described to this extent and can be customized.Material and Methodology: The purpose of this research is applied based on purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The statistical population of the study is the citizens of Tehran. Questionnaire, observation and interview were used for data collection. SPSS software and one-group T-test were used for data analysis.Findings: The results show that there is a significant relationship between the development of industry in Tehran and environmental pollution (increased electronic and non-electronic waste, air pollution, etc.) and informal housing, but with social inequality (social class conflict, opportunity inequality, gender equality) has no significant relationship.Discussion and Conclusion: As the industry evolves, environmental and social consequences also emerge over time. As soon as developing countries adopt western technology, social structures change and the region's environment is affected by this development. Consideration of environmental and social impacts is widely needed in developing countries because of the underdeveloped economy and lack of appropriate scientific and technological infrastructure; development plans in these countries have a significant negative impact on biodiversity and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Landslide Modeling with Strategy Management in Urban Planning (The Case Study: Tabriz City)
ziba Beheshti Alirezeza Gharaguzlu Seyed Masoud Monavari MirMasoud Kheirkhah ZarkeshBackground and Objective: Due to increasing constructions on clay and marl hells in part of Tabriz and because of the unfavorable quality and characteristics of the soil and its liquefaction during earthquake, the area is also exposed to the risk of landside. This paper MoreBackground and Objective: Due to increasing constructions on clay and marl hells in part of Tabriz and because of the unfavorable quality and characteristics of the soil and its liquefaction during earthquake, the area is also exposed to the risk of landside. This paper attempts to demonstrate the risk of landslide in Tabriz using visual and statistical evidence. Material and Methodogy: landside susceptibility assessment was performed by means of Evidential Belief Function Model. Then The environmental impacts assessment of landslide were performed using promethean II model in three environmental, economic, and social phases, and at end, the landslide strategy plan was developed to help decision makers, the statistics used in this research are related to year 2016. Findings: 82/9% of Tabriz areas are at risk of landslides. High construction densities were identified with residential areas below 75 m2. Access to the city’s road network is less than 30%. 142 hectares in health centers, 853hec in facilities and equipment, 430hecin urban green space deficiency was identified. More than 70% of vital centers require strengthening. Discussion and conclusion: required zones in medical department, security, urban green space, vital centers require strengthening, facilities and equipment presented. The average landslide velocity from 1956 to 2020 is 41/65 meter. High slope and location difference, the texture of the earth and its non-dense layers, northern slope snow catcher, fine texture, the gradual erosion of sediments is effective in creating landslides over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Thermodynamic and Environmental Simulation and Analysis of Tehran Petroleum Refinery Power and Steam Plant
Mohammad Hasan Khoshgoftar Manesh Mohammad TolamiBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulat MoreBackground and Objectives: Oil refineries are the most energy-intensive industries and produce a lot of pollutions. So, thermodynamic simulation is important for performance analysis of equipment, estimation of emissions and environmental impacts. In this paper, simulation and thermodynamic and environmental analysis of Tehran refinery power and steam plant have been studied. Method: In this regards, two scenarios for performance improvement of steam and power system have been proposed for Tehran refinery. Thermodynamic simulation of each main component has been performed in Matlab Environment. To verification of simulation results, Thermoflex and Star software have been employed. Also, Sima Pro software has been used for estimation of environmental impacts based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Findings: Results show the accuracy of the thermodynamic simulation is very high. The power of steam turbines has been increased by 8.87 % in the second and third scenarios. Also, the environmental impacts have been reduced 16 % in second and 60% in third scenarios. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the proposed scenarios and optimization of Tehran Refinery steam network, the efficiency of the network increases energy consumption and production of pollutants is significantly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Optimizing the Environmental Impacts of the Construction Industry with Multi-Mode Activities: The Iranian Leopold Matrix Method
Sayyid ali Banihashemi Mohammad Khalilzadeh Alireza Shahraki Mohsen Rostami M. Seyed Saeedreza AhmadizadeBackground and Objective: The construction industry and the implementation of civil engineering projects are considered as one of the causes of environmental pollution. Considering the destructive effects and the contaminants created by the implementation of the develop MoreBackground and Objective: The construction industry and the implementation of civil engineering projects are considered as one of the causes of environmental pollution. Considering the destructive effects and the contaminants created by the implementation of the development plans, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impacts and identify them in order to reduce the impacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts of the rural water supply project in Birjand city using the Leopold Matrix Method of Iran.Method: In this study, the environmental impacts of rural water supply project implementation in Birjand city during the year 2019 and in two physical-chemical and biological environments and in the construction phase were evaluated using Iranian matrix method. To this end, various implementation modes have been formulated to evaluate the environmental impacts of the project activities and a Leopold Matrix has been developed for each of them.Findings: The results showed that the average environmental impacts during construction in the 7 execution modes were -1.58, -1.95, -2.15, -2.5, -2, -2.21 and -2.22. Also, the number of environmental impacts on surface and groundwater pollution are highest and protected areas are least.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the analysis performed in none of the seven matrices and columns examined for the executable states, the average rankings were not found to be less than -3.1. So the project execution the supply is approved. To minimize the impacts, the lowest environmental impacts of each activity were selected, which would mean the average environmental impact of the whole project -1.52. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The impact of industrial activities on the quality of life of the residents of the adjacent residential functional areas (Case study: District 16 of Tehran city)
Fatemeh Sadat Hosseininezhad Mozaffar SarrafiBackground & Objectives: Residential areas adjacent to industrial activities in the cities, are always influenced by environmental characteristics of these activities and also the residents’quality of life is affected by them. In this paper, two relatively polluting ind MoreBackground & Objectives: Residential areas adjacent to industrial activities in the cities, are always influenced by environmental characteristics of these activities and also the residents’quality of life is affected by them. In this paper, two relatively polluting industrial activities (Ghoo vegetable oil factory and Besat power plant) in district 16 of Tehran are selected as the case studies and the impact of these activities on neighboring residents’ quality of life have been surveyed. The objective of this study is to identify how these activities have effects on neighboring residents’ quality of life. Material and Methodology: This study has used “Impact assessment” technique and four sources of information, including existing official documents, field studies, interviews and questionnaires (385 pieces by applying systematic random sampling method). The descriptive statistics is used for data analysis. Findings: These selected industrial activities have positive and negative impacts on neighbors’ quality of life in objective and subjective dimensions and in different fields (such as environmental, social, economic, physical and traffic). The survey of the general quality of life, indicated that, despite the negative effects of these industries, 38% of residents were satisfied with their general quality of life (due to their life conditions). Discussion and Conclusion: According to the fact that general quality of life is determined as a result of combining satisfaction with various domains in accordance with individual subjective prioritization, satisfaction of adjacent neighbors indicates that from the neighbors point of view, the positive impacts of industrial activities in economic and social fields, in addition to the relative satisfaction from other domains of quality of life, have covered their negative impacts in environmental, traffic and physical fields in related domains and have decreased their dissatisfaction with quality of life in adjacent residential areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Visual Impact Assessment of building’s facade on the natural landscape (Case study: Namaz Boulevard of Mashhad)
maryam motamedi nejad sanaz saeidi mofradBackground and Objective: One of the most important challenges regarding recent urban developments is the issue of urban facades, which has become more and more important due to the lack of harmony and coordination of urban facades with the natural context of cities. Th MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most important challenges regarding recent urban developments is the issue of urban facades, which has become more and more important due to the lack of harmony and coordination of urban facades with the natural context of cities. The main issue of the present study is the study and analyzing of the effects of urban views of recent constructions on the natural landscape and the visual effects of the urban landscape. Material and Methodology: The methodology of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. And the research area is Namaz Boulevard located in the southern heights of Mashhad metropolis. First, in order to identify the visual qualities of the study area, field sampling method and photography tools were used, Then, the data were analyzed using graphic software and finally, using the VIA visual impact assessment method, the effects of urban facades on the natural landscape of the area were evaluated. Findings: Findings show that the components of the relationship in the urban landscape of recent constructions have positive and direct effects and in some areas of influence due to lack of coordination and non-observance of rhythm and visual continuity and other adjacent criteria, direct, negative and medium-term effects. It has been left and in terms of components such as harmony and unity in architectural style, the type of materials and color palette used in urban facades, long-term negative effects are predicted for it. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that in recent years, the elevation in Namaz Boulevard on the one hand and the inconsistency of construction patterns and architectural style with the urban context, have negative, direct and long-term effects on the natural landscape and lead to obstruction of vision and disturbances. Visual and loss of landscape and ecological structures are limited. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of the environmental effects of "Khakab" construction waste recycling plant using the Iranian Leopold matrix method in EIA+ software (Case study: debris recycling plant in Abali landfill)
Sally Salehi Farid Gholamreza Fahimi Masoud Kiadaliri Ahmad Tavana Keivan SaebBackground & Objective: The recycling process of industrial wastewater leaves pollution that is evident in the process of factories producing recycled sand. This research has investigated the environmental effects of construction debris recycling in sand recycling facto MoreBackground & Objective: The recycling process of industrial wastewater leaves pollution that is evident in the process of factories producing recycled sand. This research has investigated the environmental effects of construction debris recycling in sand recycling factories. Material and Methodology: The two phases of operation and implementation of the factory construction plan were considered as the main phases of the current research. Therefore, 13 micro-activities and 23 environmental parameters were identified and the results were analyzed in EIA+ software using the Iranian Leopold matrix method and discussed based on the results. Findings: Three micro-activities include washing fine sand through a washing machine with a score of -3.6, converting concrete pieces and large boulders into smaller pieces and transferring them to a jaw crusher with a score of -2.8 and transferring the remaining The sewage produced by the washing machine has had the most negative effects on the depot pond with a score of -2.7. The three micro-activities of creating green spaces with a score of +2.2, selling products with a score of +0.9, and hiring employees with a score of +0.5 have the most positive effects on the environment. Discussion and conclusion: Considering the positive effect on the economy, increasing the green space in the region, job creation, and also reducing the increasing amount of scum accumulated in Abali pit, the construction and operation of the factory is evaluated as a positive activity, but considering the destructive effects of the environment. its biological, it is necessary to consider alternative solutions to adjust its environmental effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The effects of tourism on rural development with a survey of the villagers of Bayg town
Hasan Rezaei Mohammad motamediradBackground and Objective: Basically a diverse mix of natural resources can be used to create an attractive environment for tourism development and villages because of the characteristics and nature of your existence is directly dependent on the surrounding environment. MoreBackground and Objective: Basically a diverse mix of natural resources can be used to create an attractive environment for tourism development and villages because of the characteristics and nature of your existence is directly dependent on the surrounding environment. So that changes in the spatial context of the passage of time takes shape and in geographical space and natural processes based on interaction between ecological and social factors create the political economy, the village features planned ecotourism in such an environment makes possible. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tourism on rural development was conducted from the perspective of residents. Material and Methodology: Library and field research method is analytical and data collection. Inventory host community to help vulnerable household's tourist village archive town Bayg was completed. Cronbach's alpha 0/71 indicates good reliability of the questionnaire. The normality of the variables was confirmed using the Kolmogorov Simonov. One-sample t-tests in SPSS software to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire is used. Findings: Results showed that the effects of tourism on the host community rural development (economic, social and environmental) archive town Bayg Torbat Hedarieyeh with 133/4 given is above average Supposed 121/7. So when the P<%5 is the conclusion of the host community tourism impacts to rural development in the rural settlement of Bayg Torbat Hedarieyeh archive is higher than average. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that although rural archive of Bayg Torbat Hedarieyeh have a high capacity for attracting tourists but strengthening the infrastructure needed in the development of rural tourism is essential to archive town Bayg. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Environmental Base Study and investigation of environmental impact of Hydroelectric Power Plant Case study: Sardabrud Hydroelectric Power Plant
Majid Abbaspour Abdolreza Karbasi Ateke Pahlevan Hamid Rahimipour Anaraki Saeed MotahariLife and development of human societies is based on production and consumption of energy, necessity of paying more attention to environment, the fact of running out of fossil fuel and also the need of renewable energy resources has attracted human attention. With having MoreLife and development of human societies is based on production and consumption of energy, necessity of paying more attention to environment, the fact of running out of fossil fuel and also the need of renewable energy resources has attracted human attention. With having reached renewable energy resources, Iran tends to use these sorts of energy. Hydroelectric energy specially is one of the most important and also most economic renewable sources of energy. To assess environmental impacts of Sardabrud hydroelectric power plant, construction and operation phases Leopold Matrix was used to analyses impacts of each phase on physical-chemical, biological, economical and socio economic environments. Also some experiments were carried out in 4 periods to study the quality of the river. Based on obtained results of the existing status and values from Leopold Matrix, and comparing impacts between the operation and no action alternatives, it was revealed that operation alternative is -62 and +69 in construction and operation phases respectively, and no action alternative is -52 and -82 in construction and operation phases respectively. This after averaging the operation score was +7 and no action score was -133 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - A Survey of the Production of Paste Tailing in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex and its Environmental Impacts
Sajad Haghir Chehreghani Hojat Hossein Zade Reza Samifard Aref AlipourTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Addi MoreTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Additional disadvantages may result from the requirement for large amounts of land with limited long-term beneficial use, as well as aesthetic impacts. Paste and thickened tailings technology is becoming recognized as an alternative for minimizing the engineering and environmental challenges commonly associated with the disposal of mineral wastes conventional tailings storage facilities. Paste is simply dewatered tailings with little or no water bleed that are non-segregating in nature. This paper focuses on some environmental and operational benefits associated with disposal of tailings in paste form. The environmental benefits of surface disposal of paste can be divided into two main categories; first, very little free water is available for generation of a leach ate, thereby reducing potential impacts on receiving waters and biological receptors. Second, the paste production technology allows for production of an engineered material by modifying the paste geochemistry in such a manner that environmental benefits result. Because of environmental risks related to gold beneficiation, a Paste Production and Storage Mechanism (PPSM) were installed in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex. Research results are as follows: 34%reduction in tailing volume, 14% reduction in fresh water and required Sodium cyanide, 2 million U.S $ economic saving in construction of tailing dam, and decrease of environmental pollution of beneficiation complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Assesment of Environmental Impact of the Project of Suggested Area for Burying Garbage on the Biological Environment of the City of Tehran
Sayed Masoud Moneavri Mohammad Reza Sadeghi Benis Atefe Isanazar FoomaniExpansion of pollution and increasing of different needs of human societies have raised solid waste productions. Daily average of 7,450 tons of solid waste production and a day-by-day decrease in the capacity of Kahrizak landfill bear, urge the need of a new site for th MoreExpansion of pollution and increasing of different needs of human societies have raised solid waste productions. Daily average of 7,450 tons of solid waste production and a day-by-day decrease in the capacity of Kahrizak landfill bear, urge the need of a new site for this purpose in the city of Tehran This problem, however, requires an Environmental Impact Assessment report at the feasibility and site selection study according to the approved decisions of the High Council of Environment. The proposed site with an area of 1000 hectares is situated at Hassan Abad Road, off Houshang Abad. This area is situated in the hydrological zone of Saveh – Zavieh. Shour River which is located 10 kilometers off the center of the proposed landfill. The soil in this area is Bazark type. The areas vegetation includes native species, which have been sampled during field work. There are rare and endangered species which have been determined. Inhabited Wildlife of the area and the endangered species have been determined. Application of the assessment was carried out by means of Monavari 2001 Method. By this method, the assessment has been considered for each of the construction and operation phases of a matrix. The results show the earthworks have most negative, significant and important impacts on plants and wildlife. There are most long term negative impacts on vegetations. There are no mitigation measures for reduction of vegetation destruction on the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Assessment of Environmental impact of composting plant of Yazd city
Mohammad Panahandeh Niloofar Abedinzadeh Mokaram RavanbakhshCompost is one of the strategies of house hold solid wastes management that is used to decrease the volume and weight of wastes, odor and leach ate dispersion, resource recycles and decreasing disposal expenses. In order to observe environmental regulations in the frame MoreCompost is one of the strategies of house hold solid wastes management that is used to decrease the volume and weight of wastes, odor and leach ate dispersion, resource recycles and decreasing disposal expenses. In order to observe environmental regulations in the frame of adaptation development projects with environmental concerns, assessment of Environmental impact of composting plants has been delivered. In assessment of environmental impact of Yazd composting company, Questionnaire checklist, interaction matrix and weighting checklist have been used. Our field of observation shows that the nearest residential center to the plant is Yazd city and in other directions according to our visit and land use map, any ecological and economical factor in 7 km from site plant hasn been seen and the land of project is barren and sandy. Only effective factor is prevailing wind which blows from the west/east south. So there isn any hazard for residents of this part of Yazd city. Totally, action alternative with the average of +2.17 has higher score in contrast with non action alternative with the average of -8.13; hence, project is increasingly applicable with considering mitigation measures. According to the survey the long term effects of projects is related to the operation phase in cases of leach ate and probable penetration to ground water, health risk inside plant for staff and outside environment (insects and vermin), odor and contaminated products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill, Semnan, Iran
Niloofar Abedinzadeh Mokaram Ravanbakhsh Tooba AbediAbstractIntroductionDue to inaccurate and irregular development of cities, lack of proper consumption patterns andincreasing growth and production of solid waste and also problems and disorders of solid wastemanagement system, the most logical and most cost-effective me MoreAbstractIntroductionDue to inaccurate and irregular development of cities, lack of proper consumption patterns andincreasing growth and production of solid waste and also problems and disorders of solid wastemanagement system, the most logical and most cost-effective method for municipal solid wastedisposal is sanitary landfill. This method is a specific engineering operation which is done by solidwaste disposal with minimal health and environmental risks using daily soil cover, creatingimpenetrable layer on the bottom of Landfill to prevent leakage of Leachate and contamination ofgroundwater, leachate collection system and use of layer of sand to control the methane gas. The areaunder study includes total Semnan city with 2291 km2 area. It is located between geographicalcoordinates 34 degrees, 14 minutes and 36 degrees, 11 minutes of north latitudes and 52 degrees, 46minutes and 54 degrees, 11 minutes of east longitudes. The proposed location for construction ofsanitary landfill of Semnan is 25 acres of land which is located 20 km southeast of Semnan.Material and methodIn this paper environmental impact assessment of municipal solid waste sanitary - Engineering landfillof Semnan city and comparing it with not to execute alternative (current landfill) by using a fastmatrix has been done and Parameters have been evaluated on the basis of defined criteria.ResultsResults show that adverse effects resulting from construction activities and operation are in low andvery low level and the positive consequences are at low and medium groups. Soil and air pollution arethe most important environmental problems and creating green spaces, employment, increasingincome, satisfaction of local communities, increasing health indicators are the most desirableenvironmental factors of project. According to the results, sanitary landfill of solid waste in Semnan atthe proposed site with regards to high potential design to solve the health problems in accordance withthe reform options in order to protect air and soil and it is evaluated totally as positive action and willbe permitted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Impact Assessment of Candidate Landfill Sites for Zanjan City Using Improved RIAM Method
Ghazal Monzavi Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Habibollah YunesiBackground and Objectives: In Zanjan city, no research has been conducted for selection of asuitable site for sanitary disposal of solid waste. At the moment, a traditional landfill site is used forsolid wastes disposal in the vicinity of the city. The site has high pot MoreBackground and Objectives: In Zanjan city, no research has been conducted for selection of asuitable site for sanitary disposal of solid waste. At the moment, a traditional landfill site is used forsolid wastes disposal in the vicinity of the city. The site has high potential to pollute the environmentdue to the open air practice of waste disposal. Hence, it is urgent to select a site for this purpose fromamongst the proposed ones.Unsuitable landfill sites may have many negative impacts. Using environmental impact assessmentcan highly help mitigate the negative effects and arrive at a sound environmental management plan.RIAM is an approach that guarantees a sound and at the same time fast and clear evaluation of themain environmental impacts of development projects. This approach has many advantages and somedisadvantages, and of the latter the subjectivity has been targeted in this research.We used the RIAM that was upgraded with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to lower thesubjectivity implicit in the scoring of the impacts and introduce more objectivity to the process.Method of study: We used suggested landfill sites in Zanjan City and assessed their environmentalimpacts through integration of AHP and RIAM methods. Comparing the effects of each of theselandfills on the environment helped us in selecting the least impacting one.Results: In the process, we integrated the RIAM with the AHP and found the present landfill site stillholds some edge over other suggested sites. The possibility of improving the original RIAM methodwith the AHP was also shown to be applicable and promising.Discussion and conclusion: This study shows that RIAM method can be upgraded throughintegration with the AHP method. The integration transformed challenging ideas on the scoring of theimpacts and provided an opportunity for inclusion of expert opinion and greatly enhancedachievement of a unified impact score. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Human Security and Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energies in Iran, with Emphasis on Environmental Security
Seyed Masoud Mousavi shafaee Younes Noorollahi Ahad Rezayan Ghayahbashi Hossein Yousefi Ali Hossein RezayanBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental security, as one of the seven dimensions of human security, has a close connection with the way of using energy resources. Energy management has an important role in achieving the sustainable development by reducing environmental pollution. Sustainable development would be impossible without environmental security. In other words, energy has a direct connection with security and development. Energy specialists and planners in the world believe that renewable energies should play a much prominent role in providing human energy requirement and reducing environmental pollution. Discussing future problems and developing appropriate strategies and policies can have a key role in developing renewable energies to supply some parts of energy requirement in the country. Method: The aim of this study is to discuss the benefits and opportunities for developing renewable energies in Iran based on assessment of the factors involved in related organizations, through studying the importance and developed position of renewable energy resources in Iran and the world. Some benefits of developing renewable energies include: reliable and clean energy resource, power generation with a stable price, diversification of power resources in the country to be able to do more export, power supply of electricity generation with the less ancillary costs, reaching the aims of the 4th and the 5th National Development Plan and also the potential for economic development, with emphasis on technology development and new jobs creation. in this paper, by reviewing the existing laws and policies on new energies, the necessity of sound policies for development of renewable energies in national energy plans in line with ensuring human and environmental security, with emphasis on challenges to development of renewable energies in Iran have been investigated. Results: The results show that developing renewable energies in the world faces economical, technical, administrative and legal challenges which cause delay in development of these energies. Besides all these international barriers, development of renewable energies in Iran faces other national and local problems. Some of the major obstacles to the development of renewable energy resources in Iran includes: lack of plans and documented policies for development, lack of national and local laws concerning renewable energies, lack of knowledge about the function of these sources of energy among national planners and managers, weaknesses in human resources management as well as technology transfer barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Development in Torghabeh-Shandiz Township Using Degradation Model
Sahar Heidari Masteali bahman jabbarian amiri Afshin Alizadeh ShabaniAbstract Background and Objective: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represents the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is to identify the destruction factors and susceptibilit MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Land degradation modeling is one of the environmental impact assessment methods that quantitatively represents the effects of human activities. The purpose of applying this model is to identify the destruction factors and susceptibility degree in ecosystems in order to prevent further destruction by other projects and to show the feasibility of future development to decision markers. Method: The study area was firstly partitioned into 94 cells (1600 ha) and then 14 degradation factors along with their intensity were identified using land use map, field observations and expert views. Ecological susceptibility and physiological density were then determined and all cells were classified into four categories as recommended for development, required for reconstruction, required for protection and cells with no development potential based on fuzzy theory. Findings: The results show that 22 cells (23.40% of the total area) out of 94 cells require reconstruction, 37 cells (39.36% of total area) have no development potential, and 35 cells (37.22% of total area) are recommended for development. Discussion and Conclusion: The effects of destructive activities in this region (that is mainly due to the detrimental effects of tourism activities) were evident, so that the destructive activities such as change in land use and land cover, on the one hand, and waste and rivers pollution, on the other hand, were found as the main causes of destruction in the region. Out of 94 cells, 21 cells and 16 cells had no development potential due to faults and due to being in Binalood protected area respectively. 35 cells are recommended for development in first to third priorities; these cells are in low physiological density area. 22 cells, due to high physiological density and severity of the destructive agents, have a high degradation coefficient and need to be reconstructed, and therefore should be excluded from any future development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Study of land use and urban development effects on rapid mass transportation system
Mohsen Aghdas Vatankhah Fereydoun GharibA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies MoreA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies and usually rails. The role of such systems and their effect on urban planning and residential areas development are important because often they do not have the limitations of other modes of transportation; therefore, they minimize the time of travelling from the city’s main administrative and trade centers to major residential areas. And this factor has mutual effects on travel demands on the one hand and urban development on the other hand. This article is part of a more comprehensive study and only investigates the effects of various land uses and urban design role in decreasing or increasing transportation demands and the three important factors affecting such demands. Theses factors are spatial organization, density zoning, and urban design and its effects on transportation demands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Application of Simplex method and Mitigation Concept in Participatory Environmental Impact Assessment (Case study: Compost Plants and Landfill Alternatives in Golestan Province)
Samaneh Deziani Abdolrasoul SalmanmahinyBackground and Objective: Environmental impact assessment studies are one of the proper means of ensuring a sustainable development. Determining limitations and mitigation procedures for the negative effects compose the main core of the EIA procedure, in case the sugges MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental impact assessment studies are one of the proper means of ensuring a sustainable development. Determining limitations and mitigation procedures for the negative effects compose the main core of the EIA procedure, in case the suggested development has been allowed. In this study, impact assessment has been applied for five suggested compost and landfill sites in Golestan Province of Iran. Method: In this study, considering the associated costs, linear programming has been applied to rank the proposed landfill and compost plant sites. For this purpose, GIS data has been used and the optimum site selection process has been implemented. The site has been determined so as to minimize the likely impacts. Findings: The results show that by using linear programming, site 1 on the eastern part with a slight difference to others, and site 5 in the west,ern part with the least goal function value are the best. The most effective parameters for the sites 1 to 4 is underground water pollution, and for site 5 is loss of valuable land. However, at the site 5, the impact on the neighboring no-hunting area is more important than underground water pollution, considering costs and the required time for mitigation efforts. Conclusion: Using the minimum and maximum levels of mitigation levels shows that increase of mitigation can reduce pollution, and vice versa. Sensitivity analysis confirms the accuracy of this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Steel Plants Using Modified RIAM Method (Case Study: Tiam Steel Plant in Guilan Province)
Sajede madani Saeed malmasi Roya nezakati esmaeelzadeBackground and Objective: Nowadays, environmental considerations are known to be a necessity in the country to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In this regard, environmental impact assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable developmen MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, environmental considerations are known to be a necessity in the country to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In this regard, environmental impact assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable development objectives. Thus, environmental impact assessment of constructing Tiam steel factories as a mechanism by providing the proper and reasonable techniques of human and natural resources can reduce the costs. The aim of this study is to identify and predict the environmental impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factories by using modified RIAM matrix, providing methods to reduce the harmful environmental effects and rendering corrective proceedings. Method: The study area is located in industrial town of Tiam Bistooon at the east of Fouman County. In this study, the prominent impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factory were investigated using modified RIAM method for analyzing the impacts of construction in two construction and operation phases. Findings: The results of analysis showed that construction activities and dismantling workshops, earthworks and construction camps had the greatest negative impact on air quality, noise level, soil erosion and surface water resources parameters in physico-chemical environment during the construction period. In biological environment, also, vegetation density would be mostly affected by clearing activities. Moreover, land use change and decline of health indicators have been known as the most significant negative impacts on the socio-economic environment. Conclusion: During the Tiam steel plant operation, the most effective activities have been identified to be combustion process, withdrawal of underground water resources, waste disposal, and transportation of raw materials and etc. which affected the regional air quality, noise level, amount of groundwater and soil characteristics. The most significant negative impact of the project, due to the gases emitted from combustion, would be on regional vegetation and habitat quality in the ecological and biological environment. Also creating job opportunities, thriving businesses and national development prosperity are the most significant positive effects of the project on the economic and social environment during the construction and operation periods. Due to the fact that most of the negative impacts of the project are in very small range, the project can be executed by applying environmental management methods and mitigation measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Improvement of Environmental Impact Assessment Using Mathematical Matrix (Case Study: Shandiz Tourism Area - Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran)
Bibi Zahra Mazloum Ali Reza Mikaeili Abdol-Rasul Salman MahinyBackground and Objective: Planning and development of tourism projects, disregarding environmental aspects and the extent of developments can lead to irreversible negative changes in the environment. Environmental impact assessment can predict many of these negative con MoreBackground and Objective: Planning and development of tourism projects, disregarding environmental aspects and the extent of developments can lead to irreversible negative changes in the environment. Environmental impact assessment can predict many of these negative consequences and can provide corrective measures before the project is implemented. Method: Matrix, if done appropriatly, can be the most common assessment method because of its simplicity, efficiency and comprehensiveness. To upgrade the impact assessment through matrix, mathematical matrix can be applied to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the original matrix. Findings: Mathematical matrix was designed as it included magnitude, spatial extent, duration, synergy, cumulative, controversy, impacts compensation and significance in columns and 50 environmental factors in the rows. In the next step, every environmental factor was compared with the project activities and scored in the range of ±1 to ±9. Then, the final number of effects was determined using sum positive and negative effects of the significant effects. Also, the minimum, maximum and final values for positive and negative effects of the project were determined considering the weight for each group of the effects according to their significance in the range of low to high. Conclusion: Mathematical matrix has more realistic and more logical results as it considers other effects of development projects in the region by cumulative criterion and synergism criterion, using the opinion of experts and decision makers by controversial criterion and considering reform and reduction operations by compensation criterion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Environmental impact assessment of Lavar plain artificial recharge plans in Bousher province
Pouria Ataei Soodeh KarimghasemiBackground and Objective: Concern about the illogical utilization of territory by humans have been increased. This can be due incorrect management in territorial administration and exploitation methods, which must be resolved in order to reach a sustainable development. MoreBackground and Objective: Concern about the illogical utilization of territory by humans have been increased. This can be due incorrect management in territorial administration and exploitation methods, which must be resolved in order to reach a sustainable development. In this regard, it is nessary that any kind of exploitation from nature is performed after assessment of environmental capacity. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is considered as an assurance for environmental criteria and regulations in various plans and its main aim is to predict, recognize, an analyze in detail all the positive and negative impacts of a plan for natural and human environment. The aim this study was to cover the environmental impact assessment of Lavar plain artificial recharge plans in Bousher province. Method: In this study, ICOLD matrix method has been used. In this method, the environmental impact of each project activity in the construction and operation phases was measured. Findings: Findings revealed that the impacts of the plan on the whole environment were positive (+94 score). Conclusion: According to the results, implementation of artificial recharge plans based on the standards is permissible. Finally based on the results, some recommendations were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The moderating impact of the majority stakeholder's patience on managing the impact of information and corporate performance: A case study of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
hosein rostami farzin rezaei Abdolsamad KhalatbariImpact management is an opportunistic and informed behavior that is expressed as a targeted management strategy in the presentation of a bias report by managers in an organization that affects users' perceptions of information and changes their perceptions to achieve or MoreImpact management is an opportunistic and informed behavior that is expressed as a targeted management strategy in the presentation of a bias report by managers in an organization that affects users' perceptions of information and changes their perceptions to achieve or protect their interests. Applying appropriate supervision by majority shareholders tends to limit the opportunistic and profitable behavior of managers. Hence, the traditional role of corporate governance mechanisms is the suppression of opportunistic behavior to protect corporate shareholders, and is Carter's performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the moderator of majority tolerance on information management and corporate performance in Tehran Stock Exchange. The purpose of this research is applied and from the methodological point of view is descriptive-correlational research. For this purpose, the required data from 79 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2007 to 2016 was collected. The results of the research indicate that the various corporate governance mechanisms that are used to direct and control companies internally and externally reduce the impact of information management practices. The results of assumptions indicate that information management has a negative and significant effect on the firm's performance, but the majority shareholder's patience reinforces the relationship between information management and performance impact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Qualitative assessment of the social-environmental components of the Gawooshan dam project from the point of view of the project actors
soheila sefidgar farahnaz Rostami Maryam TatarBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the MoreBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the evaluation of social effects with the participation of stakeholders can lead to the formulation of more serious programs, better evaluation and management of conflicts in this field. Therefore, the present study investigates the social effects of the dam as perceived by the stakeholders in order to gain a deep insight using the qualitative method. Methods: The current research has used the qualitative paradigm and the descriptive-interpretive research method to achieve the research goal. For this purpose, 10 key experts (Agricultural Jihad of Kermanshah province, Natural Resources Department and Environment and Water-Regional Department of Kermanshah province) and 28 local people of the villages covered by the project were studied. Data collection was done through focused group discussions, in-depth individual interviews, observation and document study with an average time of 25 to 40 minutes. The interviews were analyzed using the communicative content analysis method. Reliability was established through the control of people's opinions by other interview participants and the researcher's self-review during the data analysis process. Reassurance (validity) was also done by presenting all documents, notes and recorded interviews to the research team after analysis by the researcher. Results: The results of the interviews showed that the participants in the research evaluated the effects of the dam on the quality of life by expressing 38 positive concepts and improving the sense of place by expressing 5 positive concepts and believe that the implementation of this project will lead to a decrease in social capital by expressing 23 The concept of impact and damage to natural and environmental resources has been defined by expressing 10 concepts of impact. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the research show the impact of the implementation of development projects on all social, economic and environmental aspects of the residents of the region. Therefore, planners and officials are advised to pay attention to the evaluation of all dimensions of development, especially the social dimensions of the residents of the affected areas, in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the programs in the implementation of development interventions at the strategic level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Impacts Analysis of Tourism Services Development on Environmental-Physical Instability in Rural Settlements (Case study: Torghabeh County in Binalood City)
Neshat Omidvar Mahdi Poortaheri Abdolreza Roknoddin EftekhariNowadays, tourism development causes environmental and physical changes in rural areas. Accordingly, this study analyzes the impacts of tourism services on environmental-physical changes in the villages of Torghabeh County. Data collection was based on the documentary a MoreNowadays, tourism development causes environmental and physical changes in rural areas. Accordingly, this study analyzes the impacts of tourism services on environmental-physical changes in the villages of Torghabeh County. Data collection was based on the documentary and survey methods. The information about the independent variable (the development of tourism services) and dependent variable (environmental-physical impacts) were collected by Vikor method and the questionnaires, respectively. Then, they were analyzed by linear regression test in SPSS software in order to determine the impact of tourism services development on environmental-physical instability in Torghabeh County. In addition, the Landsat satellite images were used for the assessment of land use changes. In the first hypothesis, the correlation coefficient (0.86) demonstrates that there is a strong, direct and positive correlation relationship between two variables of tourism development and environmental instability and there is a significant linear relationship between these variables (Significance level=0.002). Also, in the second hypothesis, the correlation coefficient (0.92) explains that there is a direct, strong and positive relationship between two variables of tourism development and physical instability, and the relationship between these variables is also significant (Significance level=0.04). Based on the results, the area of agricultural land and rangelands has been decreasing between 1987 and 2016. In 1987, the square of agricultural land and rangelands were 3031.3 and 5765.52 hectares, respectively. However, in 2016, these areas had fallen to 2346.2 and 550.98 hectares, respectively. According to the adjusted coefficient of determination, 83% of the environmental instability and 89% of the physical instability in the sample villages are dependent on the development of tourism services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity inde MoreIn the recent years, different countries have approved some short time, medium time and long time plans to achieve development in all sectors such as transportation sector. These plans are determined by expert groups in each sector according to quality and quantity indexes and these are utilized as country's development document. Generally, some of the plans and strategies have special importance for transportation ministry such as rail way transportation development, road network development, renovation of transportation fleet and comprehensive study plan of country transportation. As regards that any development has environmental impact, therefore environmental impact assessment (EIA) of each plan specially transportation one that is the target of this study, is necessary due to prevention of harmful effects and presenting mitigation plans for environment. This study has been done to conduct administrative and consultants of rail way plans, so determination of all actions in construction and operational phases is necessary. Also it is very important to determine main parameters about physical, biological and socio-economical environment. According to all of above implementations the impacts of rail ways project on different environment involving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animal will be determined and in next step mitigation plans and environmental monitoring program will be prepared. Finally environmental impact assessment guideline is developed for consultants and administrative involving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Survey on Environmental Effects of Zayandeh Rood River’s Dam
Mehran shabanKary Amir hossein Halbian -
Open Access Article
53 - Environmental impact assessment guideline for rail way transportation projects
Majid Abbaspour Abdoreza Karbassi Mohammad Sadegh Sekhavatjou Mohsen Saeedi Fateme ZahedIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes a MoreIn the recent years, different countries haveapproved some short time, medium time and longtime plans to achieve development in all sectorssuch as transportation sector. These plans aredetermined by expert groups in each sectoraccording to quality and quantity indexes and theseare utilized as country’s development document.Generally, some of the plans and strategies havespecial importance for transportation ministry suchas rail way transportation development, roadnetwork development, renovation of transportationfleet and comprehensive study plan of countrytransportation. As regards that any developmenthas environmental impact, therefore environmentalimpact assessment (EIA) of each plan speciallytransportation one that is the target of this study,is necessary due to prevention of harmful effectsand presenting mitigation plans for environment.This study has been done to conduct administrativeand consultants of rail way plans, so determinationof all actions in construction and operationalphases is necessary. Also it is very important todetermine main parameters about physical,biological and socio-economical environment.According to all of above implementations theimpacts of rail ways project on different environmentinvolving air, water, sound, soil, plant and animalwill be determined and in next step mitigationplans and environmental monitoring program willbe prepared. Finally environmental impact assessmentguideline is developed for consultants andadministrative involving 12 subjects.impacts of rail ways project on differentenvironment involving air, water, sound, soil,plant and animal will be determined and innext step mitigation plans and environmentalmonitoring program will be prepared. Finallyenvironmental impact assessment guideline isdeveloped for consultants and administrativeinvolving 12 subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigation and Comparison Capabilities of Common Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment and ELECTRE-TRI Multi-Criteria Decision Method
Mojtaba Barzehkar Nargess Kargari Naghmeh Mobarghaee DinanEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of identifying, predicting and mitigating the negative impacts of development projects on physico-Chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environments. The main purpose of EIA process is to inform decision mak MoreEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of identifying, predicting and mitigating the negative impacts of development projects on physico-Chemical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environments. The main purpose of EIA process is to inform decision makers of the likely impacts of a proposal before a decision is made. EIA provides an opportunity to identify key issues and stakeholders early in the life of a proposal so that potentially adverse impacts can be addressed before final approval decisions are made. There are different methods for implementing an EIA project. The best method is one, which can quantify the impacts and assess the impacts rapidly. This paper attempts to investigate and compare capabilities of the EIA prevalent methods including questionnaire, matrix, system analysis, maps overlay, networks and ELECTRE-TRI multi-criteria decision method. This paper indicates that ELECTRE_TRI is an appropriate method for EIA projects. However, the final judgment of the selection of EIA method depends on the EIA experts opinions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effect of Drilling Cutting Discharge on Marine Environment and Benthic Foraminifera
Reza Fouladi FardOffshore oil and gas drilling operation activity can release many chemical components to environment.Water based muds (WBMs), oil based muds(OBMs) and synthetic based muds(SBMs) are the kinds of drilling muds. SBMs have the good characteristic of OBM MoreOffshore oil and gas drilling operation activity can release many chemical components to environment.Water based muds (WBMs), oil based muds(OBMs) and synthetic based muds(SBMs) are the kinds of drilling muds. SBMs have the good characteristic of OBMs in operation time and so WBMs environmental advantage. Directischarge to sea, transport to onshore to treatment and repump to well are the disposal methods for this muds. Barium and hydrocarbons are the basic components of drilling muds. Studies show that several year after he end of drilling cutting discharge, the level of sediment pollution by Barium and hydrocarbons around 250m of discharge point is high and after that hydrocarbons decrease quickly but Barium decreasing is slowly.Environmental evaluations show the bad effect of this waste on benthic foraminifera specifically around 250m of discharge point and increase the opportunistic species. The results show that the some of benthic foraminiferaspecies can be successfully employed as bioindicators of environmental change. The suggestions for environmental impact of these waste discharge includes: waste management for reach the zerodischarge, use of low vironmental effect mud , environmental assessment and analyses before and after of drilling operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Introduction of DPSIR Model and Its Applicable in Environmental decision making
Atieh Khatibi Afshin Danehkar Sharareh Pourebrahim Majid VahidThe purpose of this study is an introduction of the DPSIR model and the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR. Due to nu MoreThe purpose of this study is an introduction of the DPSIR model and the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR the application of DPSIR modelin the environment and its decision making by reviewing the DPSIR. Due to numerous environmentalproblems which are mostly based on economical aspects of anthropogenic Over the recent decadesboth scientists and decision-makers challenged. These problems have ranged in scales from globalclimate change to effects of anthropogenic on ecological systems. Nowadays, there is a considerableneed to a flexible approach to deal effectively with environmental problems regarding to thoseproblems; an approaches which consider both socio-economic factors as well as environmentalfactors. With respect to the aim of this study, the method of the study is reviewing researches andprevious findings about the application of DPSIR model and it’s as benefits and disadvantages in anenvironmental decision making. The DPSIR (Driving force-pressure-state-impact-responseframeworkis such a tool allowing the description of environmental problems through defining the relationshipbetween anthropogenic activities and the environment. The results of this study indicates that TheDPSIR model could categorize and simplify various information about environmental systems due toproviding those information for policy makers for possible responses. so in recent decades this methodare increasingly used by scientists and policy makers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Environmental Impacts of PET- PTA Petrochemical Industries (Case Study: Mahshahr Economic Special Zone)
saeeid Malmasi seyed ali Jozi seyed masood Monavari elahe Jafarian MoghadamPetrochemical industries pollutants especially heavy metals affect human health and environment. In this study, impacts of poly ethylene terephthalate petrochemical industries in Mahshahr economic special zone are evaluated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by wei MorePetrochemical industries pollutants especially heavy metals affect human health and environment. In this study, impacts of poly ethylene terephthalate petrochemical industries in Mahshahr economic special zone are evaluated with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) by weighting and synthesizing of health human and environmental damage criteria. In this region, main petrochemical industries are constructed close to fiords. Hence pollutants due to these industries have detrimental effects on fiords as most important ecosystem with high biodiversity. Health human damage evaluation is achieved by expressing the impacts of each pollutant on employee and local population health. Environmental damage assessment requires on intuitive expression pollutants density and environmental sensitivity. Finally nine main pollutants are evaluated according to the kind of studied petrochemical industry, TSS, Oil & Grease, COD, Heavy metals, SOX, NOX, CO2, H2S and PM. these pollutants are then compared to derive a environmental scores. Results indicate that water pollution is most important issue and TSS and Oil & Grease with 0.235, 0.326 scores from waste water discharged as highest priority should be controlled in studied area. Air pollution due to gaseous emission is second priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Mutual Impact Of Arabic And Persian Languages On
Ali Osat EbrahimiThe present article tries to examine the factors of Persian and Arabic languages which impact each other while taking into consideration the cultural relations of the two nations and comparing similar stories such as Zahak, Kaveh-the ironsmith- and etc ... The present article tries to examine the factors of Persian and Arabic languages which impact each other while taking into consideration the cultural relations of the two nations and comparing similar stories such as Zahak, Kaveh-the ironsmith- and etc ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - In Fluce of Islam on Elegy
Seyed Amir Mahomood Anvar Naser HosseiniElegy is one of the most distinct manifestation of Arabic and especially Islamic poetry. Since the time that human beigns have begun their life on the planet and the sorrowful destination of death has looked for them, and since the time that the fear of death has settle MoreElegy is one of the most distinct manifestation of Arabic and especially Islamic poetry. Since the time that human beigns have begun their life on the planet and the sorrowful destination of death has looked for them, and since the time that the fear of death has settled in their heart, they have been familiar with elegy and they have composed everlasting odes regarding it.Using mournful and gloomy words, elegy- composers have composed the ghastliness of death brethren or friends. Moreover, sometimes on the loss of an elite or a knowledgeable one, elegies have been composed in which some kinds of didactic literature can be found. Raising Islam, all aspects of Arabic life changed and poem and elegy were not exceptions. Islam. Changed ideas, thoughts and approaches, and defined new standards for human life and death and made him to think about his destination and universes to believe in existence of an erudite creator, to have faith in Dooms Day and to make a bridge to the better world out of their deeds. The first changes can be seen in a famous ode named 'Daliya' by 'Hassan bin Sabit Ansari' on Prophet Mohammad loss, in which new notions can be seen that are the result of raising of Islam. Among these notions that ofter Islam have emerged in his poem some words like Allah, the sent by God (Rasol Al Allah), revelation (Vahei), inspiration (Elham) prophecy (Risalat & Nabowat) Paradise (Jannat & Bahasht) affability (Rafat), faith (Iman) and light (Nour)can be mentioned. Considering all of these, the author here is going to put light on the impact of Islam on elegy in Arabic poem in general on the elegy of Daliya of Hassan Bin Sabit Ansari. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Mutual impact of The Holy Qur'an And The Glorios
Mehran Kordi MirThis research studies different aspects of the Islamic literature of Iran by studying the impact of the Holy Qur'an and prophet's glorious Hadith on the Persian literature and variations of these impacts on the Persian poetry and prose and delineates the deep effects of MoreThis research studies different aspects of the Islamic literature of Iran by studying the impact of the Holy Qur'an and prophet's glorious Hadith on the Persian literature and variations of these impacts on the Persian poetry and prose and delineates the deep effects of Islam on the belief of the Iranians, especially Iranian poets; through; evidence from Persian poetry and prose of Arab readers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigation of Aluminum and Composite Aircraft Wings Under the Influence of Aerodynamic Forces and their Effects on Environmental Impacts
S Ebadi K Shahbazi E Anbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
62 - Host Attitude toward Second Home Tourism Impacts on Rural Development (The case of: Rural collection of Javaherdeh in Ramsar)
Seyyed Mohammad Mirtaghian Rudsari Najmeh Gharibi -
Open Access Article
63 - Socio-cultural impacts of tourism in Shahmirzad town
Nayer Pirahari Shideh Parnian Shahram Kiaei -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigating the effect of T. S. Eliot on the poetry of Yusuf al-Khal
Ali Najafi Ivaki Mina MohmmadiUndoubtedly, many contemporary Arab poets were influenced by Western literature, and the traces of world-renowned poets such as T. S. Eliot, left in that literature. Eliot's famous poem, The Waste Land, with its tragic aspect had great influences on the contemporary Ara MoreUndoubtedly, many contemporary Arab poets were influenced by Western literature, and the traces of world-renowned poets such as T. S. Eliot, left in that literature. Eliot's famous poem, The Waste Land, with its tragic aspect had great influences on the contemporary Arab poets, especially after the occupation of Palestine and in the time of the socio-cultural crisis of the Arabs, because they imagine that their land is the same as Eliot's the waste Land. They expect water to revive their life. It can be said that the unfortunate reality of the political and social conditions of the Arab countries has been the main reason for inspiring the mentioned poets from the devastated land. Meanwhile, the Syrian-Lebanese poet Youssef al-Khal is among those who have been influenced by Western literature, especially Eliot. He founded a magazine called 'Poetry' and caused a new development in the concept of poetry in the Arabic language, which undoubtedly influenced the literature of the West, especially Eliot himself. In the light of the importance of the issue and its pivotal role in understanding the poetry of Yusuf al-khal, in particular, and contemporary Arabic poetry, in general, the present study tries to reveal Eliot's influence on the thought, view and poetic form of Yusuf al-Khal through a descriptive-analytical method. One of the most important achievements of this research is that Yusuf al-Khal's concept of poetry is in line with Eliot's poetic concept in areas such as the application of historical or mythical induction, depicting the problems of a generation and a nation, Christian or Tamuzi approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Impact of the West on the Contemporary Arab Literary Criticism
Hassan Majidi Mohammad AhmadniaTranslation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and West. & MoreTranslation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and West. Contemporaneous cash and cash schools, especially schools Divan Court are external factors affecting research. But the important point is that despite all these effects a society is required that is dynamic culture. Americas since time is not on the cash flows, Arab heritage did not forget the new methods of cash from their roots and the old nobility was not isolated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Arabic Sonnets of Mowlana and Hafez: A Contextual Critical Study
Mehdi Momtahen Monir Ahmad ShareeatiResearches done on Mowlana’s and Hafez’s poems abound in numbers leaving the readers with the idea that no other concept has been left unexplored. But once all these researches re-examined, one finds that a part of the Iranian and Islamic literature has not MoreResearches done on Mowlana’s and Hafez’s poems abound in numbers leaving the readers with the idea that no other concept has been left unexplored. But once all these researches re-examined, one finds that a part of the Iranian and Islamic literature has not been thoroughly explored and explained by the researchers in the field. This is where we come to the Arabic poems composed by these two poets which in themselves exemplify their poetic craftsmanship as well as their mastery, especially Mowlana, of the Arabic language. A re-examination of the poetry of these two great poets one comes to the conclusion that they take their philosophical sustenance from the teachings of Quran. This is apparently detectible through the liens of all these Arabic poems which reflect the impact of the Abbasi era literature on them using a very simple and down to earth language and bearing the vast power of imagination and some motives of Arabic poetry. This article is an attempt to compare the Arabic poems composed by Mowlana and Hafez and, through a new perspective, present these two poets in different dimensions and perspectives which have not been explored therewith informing the readers who have not been acquainted with them by examining their mutual spiritual experience they both provide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Investigation of The Effect of Notch Tip Radius on Fracture Energy of Charpy in 7075 Aluminium Alloy
Ali Hossein zadeh Mohammad Reza Maraki Mohsen Sadidi -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect of Inter-Cavity Spacing and Heat Treatment in Friction Stir Processing/Welding (FSP/FSW) Al7075 Composites Containing Al2O3 and Graphene Nanomaterials using Charpy Impact Test
Ali Hosseinzadeh Mahmoud Shariati Danial Ghahremani-moghadam Mohammad Reza Maraki -
Open Access Article
69 - Investigating the Implementation Barriers of the Fundamental Evolution Education Document Based on the Fullan Model:Case study of the field of aesthetic and artistic education
Fatemeh Sadat Bitarafan Marjan Sojoodi marziye dehghaniThe main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglec MoreThe main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglected, despite the tremendous impact it can have on morale and, consequently, on the learning of learners and even their educators.This research project is the "combined" type (simultaneous test). The study population included two independent groups of curriculum and education specialists (in the qualitative section) as well as primary school teachers (in the quantitative section). The sample size includes 12 curriculum and education specialists and 120 primary school teachers .The sampling method in the first part (qualitative) is theoretical and purposeful method and its tools include semi-constructed and unstructured interview and in the second part (quantitative) it is "purposeful and preferable" and the research tool includes a 30 questions researcher-made questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis involves the Wilcoxon single-sample and Friedman tests to rank the Barriers to the implementation of the Fundamental Evolution Document based on the components of the Fullen model. Qualitative data analysis was also performed using the seven-step )Colaizzi, 1987) method. The results of the study confirm the gap between the designers of the Evolution Document and its implementers in schools, which, in addition to other existing administrative barriers,contributes to the inefficiency of the Fundamental Evolution Document in the implementation phase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The Effects of Initial In-Plane Loads on the Response of Composite-Sandwich Plates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact: Using a New Systematic Iterative Analytical Process
K Malekzadeh Fard A Azarnia -
Open Access Article
71 - Assessment of Different Mathematical Models for Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact on Composite Plates in Presence of Pre-loads
A Davar A Labbafian Mashhadi J Eskandari Jam M Heydari Beni -
Open Access Article
72 - Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Effect of Impact Angle and Impactor Geometry on the High-Velocity Impact Response of Aluminum Honeycomb Structures
H Alikhani S Derakhshan H Khoramishad -
Open Access Article
73 - Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Energy Absorption in Graded Aluminum Open Cell Foam under Low Velocity Impact Loading
S Davari S. A Galehdari A AtrianGiven the significance of energy absorption in various industries, light shock absorbers such as structures made of metal foam have been considered. In this study, analytical equation of plateau stress is presented for an open cell foam based on the Gibson-Ashby model, MoreGiven the significance of energy absorption in various industries, light shock absorbers such as structures made of metal foam have been considered. In this study, analytical equation of plateau stress is presented for an open cell foam based on the Gibson-Ashby model, which follows elastic perfectly plastic behavior. For comparison of acquired analytical equations, the problem for a cell and then for three cells that make up an aluminum open cell foam is simulated in ABAQUS/CAE. Using the stress strain diagram, plateau stress and densification strain equations, the specific energy absorbed of the open cell metal foam is extracted. The capacity of absorb energy for an aluminum open cell foam with three cell is obtained once using analytical equations and again by using numerical simulation in ABAQUS/CAE. Numerical results retain an acceptable accordance with analytical equations with less than 3% occurred error for absorbed energy. To ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation, the results of simulating are compared with the results of the simulation of the same foam in a reference whose accuracy is verified by the experiment. Based on the results, the effective cross-sectional area of the foam with Gibson-Ashby cell does not follow the cross-sectional that is used for the calculation of plateau stress in adsorbent structures. Then tow equations are extracted to calculate the effective cross-sectional area and the transfer force. Applying sequential quadratic programming method (SQP) and genetic algorithm (GA), to design a graded metal foam with high specific Energy absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Nonlinear Finite Element Eccentric Low-Velocity Impact Analysis of Rectangular Laminated Composite Plates Subjected to In-phase/Anti-phase Biaxial Preloads
M Shariyat M Moradi S Samaee -
Open Access Article
75 - Analytical Prediction of Indentation and Low-Velocity Impact Responses of Fully Backed Composite Sandwich Plates
M Hosseini S.M.R Khalili -
Open Access Article
76 - Multiple portfolio optimization in Tehran Stock Exchange
Shadi Khalil Moghadam Farimah Mokhatab Rafiei Mohamad Ali Rastegar Hamed Aghayi Bejestan -
Open Access Article
77 - Environmental impact assessment and sustainability level determination in cement plants (Case study: Shahrood cement plant)
Farhang Sereshki Amir SaffariFocusing on environmental impact assessment as a new tool to determine the harmful effects of projects on the environment is very necessary. The establishment of cement plants in Iran is accompanied by huge investments that aim to create jobs and have others economic as MoreFocusing on environmental impact assessment as a new tool to determine the harmful effects of projects on the environment is very necessary. The establishment of cement plants in Iran is accompanied by huge investments that aim to create jobs and have others economic aspects; this trend is on the rise. However, cement plants contribute to environmental pollutions. Therefore, understanding the effect of activities in these potentially polluting centres will greatly help determine future strategies. For the control and prevention of pollution, it is necessary to use a model for the quantitative assessment of environmental impacts. In this study, the Folchi method has been using to recognize and identify environmental pollution by cement plants and effective solutions to decrease the negative impacts of environmental pollution by Shahrood cement plant. According to the results, the contamination generated by the plant, especially for environmental components such as air quality, area landscape, soil of the area, ecology, and area usage are more significant than other environmental components. The EIA results are then obtained and used to assess the sustainability of the complex using Phillips mathematical model. The obtained results indicate that this complex is unsustainable; therefore, preventive environmental activities must be recommended with a preference to reduce environmental damages through its components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Evaluation of the Impact of Urban Development on the Climate Change in Mashhad Metropolis, Using Iranian Leopold Matrix and Pastakia Matrix
zohreh moradi Maryam Daneshvar -
Open Access Article
79 - Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of Khurshid Park through Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM)
Sanaz Saeedi Mofrad Mahdi Taleb Elm Ali Izadi -
Open Access Article
80 - Application of DPSIR Conceptual Framework in Analyzing the Impact of the Type and Level of Physical – qualitative Changes on Urban Construction
Sina Ataee Ali Soltani Kalil Hajipoor -
Open Access Article
81 - بررسی و تحلیل شاخص بارش استاندارد شده در حوضه آبریز کارون 3 در شرایط تغییر اقلیم
علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازیهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی حوضه آبریز کارون 3 در دوره های آتی است. برای این کار از داده های اقلیمی 10 مدل گردش عمومی جو تحت سه سناریوی انتشار در حوضه کارون 3 استفاده شد. برای محاسبه بارش ماهانه حوضه از روش معکوس فاصله وزن دار استفاده شد. نمایه ب Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی حوضه آبریز کارون 3 در دوره های آتی است. برای این کار از داده های اقلیمی 10 مدل گردش عمومی جو تحت سه سناریوی انتشار در حوضه کارون 3 استفاده شد. برای محاسبه بارش ماهانه حوضه از روش معکوس فاصله وزن دار استفاده شد. نمایه بارش استاندارد شده (SPI) در حوضه آبریز سد کارون 3 و با بازه 6 ، 12 و 24 ماهه محاسبه شد. برای بررسی امکان تولید و شبیه سازی داده های هواشناسی در دوره های آتی با استفاده از مدل آماری LRAS-WG5 برای سال پایه (2007-1980) کالیبراسیون و صحت سنجی مدل انجام گرفت. در ادامه تحقیق با استفاده از مدل های گردش عمومی جو و سناریو های تغییر اقلیم IPCC شبیه سازی و تولید داده های هواشناسی در دوره های آتی صورت گرفت و وضعیت خشکسالی با توجه به مقادیر شاخص خشکسالی SPI مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان می دهد که فراوانی سال های نرمال و مرطوب در سناریو انتشار B1 و A2 بیشتر از A1B است و سال هایی که با خشکی همراه خواهد بود، بیشتر در سناریو A1B قرار خواهد داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی (EIA) انتقال آب بین حوضه ای با استفاده از روش ماتریس ICOLD (مطالعه موردی: تونل کوهرنگ 3)
حسین محمدی احمدمحمودی مهدی رادفر رسول میرعباسی نجف آبادیطرح­های انتقال آب بین­حوضه­ای با روش­های اجرایی معمول مانند خطوط لوله، کانال و احداث تونل انجام می­شوند و بدون شک انتقال آب با روش­ حفر تونل مانند سایر طرحهای عمرانی دارای اثرات و پیامدهای زیست­محیطی فراوانی می­باشد که ضرورت دارد در مراح Moreطرح­های انتقال آب بین­حوضه­ای با روش­های اجرایی معمول مانند خطوط لوله، کانال و احداث تونل انجام می­شوند و بدون شک انتقال آب با روش­ حفر تونل مانند سایر طرحهای عمرانی دارای اثرات و پیامدهای زیست­محیطی فراوانی می­باشد که ضرورت دارد در مراحل مختلف اجرای طرح شامل احداث و بهره­برداری، مورد ارزیابی اثرات زیست­محیطی قرار بگیرند. هدف از این پژوهش ارزیابی اثرات زیست­محیطی (EIA) تونل کوهرنگ 3 در مرحله احداث است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش ماتریس ICOLD (کمیسیون بین­المللی سدهای بزرگ جهان) اثرات زیست­محیطی شامل: محیط­های فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی، اقتصادی،-اجتماعی و فرهنگی تونل کوهرنگ 3 بررسی و مطالعه شد. روش ماتریس ICOLD این قابلیت را دارد که با ارزیابی میزان اثرات کیفی زیست­محیطی طرح­ها آنها را به صورت داده­های کمی در چارچوب ماتریس نشان بدهد. تونل سوم کوهرنگ به طول 1/24 کیلومتر به­ منظور انتقال آب به میزان حدود 255 میلیون مترمکعب در سال، جهت تأمین بخشی از نیاز آبی فلات مرکزی ایران در شهرستان کوهرنگ استان چهارمحال ­و بختیاری طراحی و احداث شد. در این پژوهش برای اولین بار اثرات زیست­محیطی فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی، اقتصادی،-اجتماعی و فرهنگی تونل کوهرنگ 3 با استفاده از روش ماتریس آیکولد بررسی و مطالعه شد. یافته­های این پژوهش نشان داد تونل کوهرنگ 3 در مجموع دارای 705 اثر مثبت و منفی است که شامل 244 اثر مثبت و 461 اثر منفی است. سهم آثار مثبت حدود 5/34 درصد و سهم آثار منفی 5/65 درصد می­باشد. تونل کوهرنگ 3 با 627 امتیاز دارای اثرات منفی عمده بر روی محیط­زیست منطقه بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - بررسی شدت و فراوانی خشکسالی کشاورزی تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی در حوضه آبریز سد کارون 3
نیما غلامپور علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازی حسین فتحیانهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی کشاورزی حوضه آبریز کارون 3 در دوره های آتی است. برای این کار از داده های اقلیمی مدلهای گردش عمومی جو تحت سناریوی انتشار A2 در حوضه کارون 3 استفاده شد. با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی RDI خشکسالی های کشاورزی حوضه تحت ت Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی کشاورزی حوضه آبریز کارون 3 در دوره های آتی است. برای این کار از داده های اقلیمی مدلهای گردش عمومی جو تحت سناریوی انتشار A2 در حوضه کارون 3 استفاده شد. با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی RDI خشکسالی های کشاورزی حوضه تحت تاثیر تغییر اقلیم در دوره آتی (2065-2011) شبیه سازی گردید. در ابتدا با استفاده از بارش روزانه سال های آماری (2015-1991) نمایه خشکسالی (RDI) در در حوضه سد کارون3 بازه سالانه محاسبه شد. جهت بررسی امکان تولید و شبیه سازی داده های هواشناسی در دوره های آتی با استفاده از مدل LRAS-WG5 برای سال پایه (2015-1991) کالیبراسیون و صحت سنجی مدل انجام گرفت. با استفاده از مدل های گردش عمومی جو و سناریو های تغییر اقلیم IPCC شبیه سازی و تولید داده های هواشناسی در دوره های آتی صورت گرفت و وضعیت خشکسالی با توجه به مقادیر شاخص خشکسالی RDI مشخصات خشکسالی نظیر فراوانی و شدت خشکسالی در بازه های سالانه مورد مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. بر اساس شاخص خشکسالی RDIفراوانی خشکسالی ها در بازه سالانه دوره های 2030-2011 و 2065-2046 نسبت به دوره مشاهداتی به ترتیب 3/12و2/9درصد افزایش نشان می دهد شدت خشکسالی ها نیز در بازه سالانه دوره های 2030-2011 و 2065-2046 نسبت به دوره مشاهداتی به ترتیب 8/0- و 6/1- درصد کاهش نشان میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - A Model for Management of Industry-University Collaborations
Mohammad Rahimpoor Arman Ahmadizad Mahin RahimpoorThis research reports a study of industry-university research collaborations aimed at the development of best practices to enhance the impact of such collaborations on company competitiveness. The data sample involves research-intensive companies which engage in collabo MoreThis research reports a study of industry-university research collaborations aimed at the development of best practices to enhance the impact of such collaborations on company competitiveness. The data sample involves research-intensive companies which engage in collaborative research on a regular basis. Over 100 different collaborations projects are analyzed through interviews with the responsible project managers and with senior technology officers. The interviewees provided both quantitative and qualitative information about the success and lack of success of the collaborations. Based on these data, seven best practices for managing collaborations have been defined which, when taken together, significantly contribute to the long-term success of the collaboration. These practices are: 1) select collaboration projects that complement company R&D; 2) select university researchers who understand specific industry goals and practices; 3) select project managers with strong boundary spanning capabilities; 4) promote longer collaboration timeframes; 5) provide appropriate internal support for project management; 6) conduct regular meetings at the company between university and industry researchers; 7) build awareness of the university project inside the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Design a fractal innovation model with a sustainable approach in a chaotic environment
Amir Mehrbanpajooh Ghanbar Abbaspour Asghar Moshabaki Esfahani Gholamreza Hashemzadeh KhorasganiToday,sustainable innovation has become-one-of the requirements of-the-world,so that most managers and production-activists-who are concerned about the environment,use this type of innovation in order to be sustainable in a turbulent and turbulent economic environmen MoreToday,sustainable innovation has become-one-of the requirements of-the-world,so that most managers and production-activists-who are concerned about the environment,use this type of innovation in order to be sustainable in a turbulent and turbulent economic environment,as well as to adapt to it.Due to its unique characteristics,fractal innovation is closely related to the concepts of sustainability(social and ecological) because this view of innovation seeks to minimize resources(raw materials,production resources,energy, water,waste-and-financial resources).The purpose of this study is to provide a model that can be used to consider the dynamics of innovation and business sustainability factors.Also,the present study is quantitative and-exploratory.In this-study,the-components of the fractal innovation model of sustainability were classified using Heidegger method and their originality was measured using the Iranian matrix method.In addition,in order to prioritize the components over the indicators,-the rapid impact assessment matrix method was used, then the four-level focal model was used to present the model.The statistical population of this research is science and technology parks active in the field of innovation in Iran,ten of which were selected as a sample(expert)and with the help of interviews and distribution of questionnaires,the data obtained with the help of Excel software were analyzed.As a result,30components of the fractal sustainable innovation were founded,the most important components included components of circular economy,large scale change,external capability,resource efficiency,stakeholder co-creation,competitive evaluation,economical innovation is the most important and prioritized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Classification and Separation of mine wastes in Chadurmalu iron ore mine in order to decrease in environmental impacts rate
Seyed Hamid Reza Mirahmadi Amir Hossien Bangian TabriziOne of environmental issues in open pit mining is to separate and send of mine wastes with different grade to different waste dumps. In this paper the mentioned subject of short-term production planning is presented. In short-term production planning the subjects of exa MoreOne of environmental issues in open pit mining is to separate and send of mine wastes with different grade to different waste dumps. In this paper the mentioned subject of short-term production planning is presented. In short-term production planning the subjects of exact contact boundaries between ore and waste, optimizing of extracting ore grade, the sequence of ore blocks’ exploitation and waste blocks’ removal are considered. Using of boreholes’ data of one or two higher working benches is one of the easiest ways of grade estimating in mining bench. For evaluating of presented model in this research, Chadormalu iron ore mine data is used as a case study. In the case study, the place of the bench in elevation of 1465 m is determined as the target bench of production planning. Average and least of iron grade were estimated respectively 57.08% and 53.62%. So, if only estimated grade in reserve estimating step is considered in short-term production planning more than 30% of the ore block’s reserve is transferred to the waste dump. So, the presented model waste dumps with different iron ore grade is planned for potentially future uses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Sanaz Saeidi mofradToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the aband MoreToday, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Evaluation of environmental effects of Ayoshan Dam using Leopold and Matrix modified matrix method
MahmoudReza Maghouli Mahmoud Zakeri Niri Masomeh SohrabiMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a MoreMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a dam will have an irreversible and unpredictable impact on the environment. A survey on the history of dam construction projects shows that many of them have been designed and exploited regardless of environmental considerations, thus causing various contamination and destruction of major parts of natural resources have been. In this research, the environmental impacts of the Eyvashan earth dam were identified in two phases of construction and exploitation on biological, physical-chemical, economic-social, cultural and strategic environments, using Leopold modified matrix and rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM). The results showed that the most negative and negative effects in the construction phases and exploitation in the modified Leopold matrix and the Rapid Impact Assessment matrix related to the physical-chemical environment. In addition, the most positive effects in construction and exploitation phases for the modified Leopold matrix are related to the strategic and socio-economic environments and for the matrix of the assessment of the Rapid Impact Assessment of the socioeconomic environment on both phases. The results show a very good fit between the two matrices and confirm the accuracy of the results in the environmental assessment of the Eyvashan Dam in two stages of construction and exploitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigation of environmental dimensions of brownfield dispersion in marginal areas
Fazel Khaleghi Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among t More Today, the physical and sparse urban sprawl is one of the well-known features of developing countries, and this uneven development of the city into the surrounding rural areas leads to poor urban development and environmental degradation. Brown lands are among the abandoned areas, inefficient and in need of redevelopment in cities. There has been instability in cities. Therefore, the need to pay attention and identify these areas for sustainable intervention is extremely important. The main issue of the present study is to identify the criteria for defining brown lands and to study the environmental dimensions of the dispersion of these lands in suburban areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The results of the study indicate that although brown lands are structurally different from each other, but in nature have common features, so identifying these lands as potential urban potentials is an opportunity to achieve sustainable urban development, protection of urban areas and It will prevent the uncontrolled growth and destruction of agricultural lands and green areas of the suburbs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Environmental impact assessment of Forumad Chromite Mine in Sabzevar
Sahar TabibianMines extraction through contaminants that enter water, soil and air can cause huge environmental disasters and even endanger human health. Environmental impacts assessment is a viable solution to overcoming environmental challenges to achieve sustainable development. T MoreMines extraction through contaminants that enter water, soil and air can cause huge environmental disasters and even endanger human health. Environmental impacts assessment is a viable solution to overcoming environmental challenges to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of Forumad chromite mine in Sabzevar. This research was a survey and the research method is descriptive-analytical mathematical model type which has been done in two quantitative and qualitative stages. For this purpose, all factors and components affecting the environment, including atmosphere, contains air quality and sound comfort; Biosphere contains ecology; The hydrosphere, including surface and groundwater and lithosphere, which contains land use, surface facilities, underground facilities, landscape of region and the soil of the region, was examined and scored by experts. Mineral environmental effects were evaluated and finally, by using the mathematical model of Phillips, the indicators of sustainable development of the mine in environmental components were quantified and analyzed. As respect that the value obtained for environmental components is greater than zero, the project has been evaluated as environmentally sustainable. However, the results of the environmental components indicate that the mine will damage the air quality, groundwater and soil of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - ??????
Abolfazl Soltani Sarveh Mohammadi??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Environmental impact assessment Safaroud Rabor dam on downstream areas
mansoureh zangi darestani Ahmad AbasnezhadDam are one of the most important structures that regulate surface currents, especially in areas that have a place and inappropriate distribution of precipitation. The benefits of dams can be urban and agricultural water supply, electric energy production and prevent fl MoreDam are one of the most important structures that regulate surface currents, especially in areas that have a place and inappropriate distribution of precipitation. The benefits of dams can be urban and agricultural water supply, electric energy production and prevent flooding. Construction of dams causes major changes the river around and catchment basin. The most important of these changes is the change in the river flow downstream. Because Dubai of the natural state become regulatory state. One the positive effects flood control, but in areas that are agricultural, reduce Water River and negative effects is on the section. Construction Safa dam cause negative impacts on downstream areas, the city of Jiroft and wetlands is Jazmurian. Assess the environmental impact of the dam Safaroud the city of Jiroft of the way Check list of was used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Application of Pastakia Matrice for Enviromental Impact Assessment in Tehran-Pardis Highway and Khojir Park
seyedeh shahnaz ghazimirsaeed seyed masoud monavariPopulation growth and increasing of urbanization make the request for extending new roads.High & Heavy traffic of the east of Tehran enters high pressure on transportation. Network of thiscity and old road of Tehran-Rudehen does not meet this need and remove this pr MorePopulation growth and increasing of urbanization make the request for extending new roads.High & Heavy traffic of the east of Tehran enters high pressure on transportation. Network of thiscity and old road of Tehran-Rudehen does not meet this need and remove this problem.Therefore, constructing the new highway which is Tehran – Pardis in the east of Tehran would beneeded. But the new highway prasses the protected area of Jajrood and next to Khojir NationalPark. These areas are those regions including ecologic values as well as national importance,which are chosen for supporting the animal and plant life and also for preventing their gradualdepletion. Therefore, constructing the new highway next to or inside these regions, have potentialImpacts. In this study, for anticipating the effects and evaluating them, and comparing withwidening the present road, pastakia matrice method, was used. The resutls of the research showthat constructing the new highway has the negative consequences less and more positive effectscomparing with widening the present road. For making less the negative consequences ofconsidered plan, managetical strategies has been provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Management of Environmental Impacts due to Mining Operations Using Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques (Case Study: Chadormaloo Mining Complex)
arash ebrahimabadiDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management MoreDestruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management and reclamation of mined lands play a major role in environmental protection in a specified mining region. With this respect, this paper describes optimum plant selection for reclamation process of mining in Chadormaloo mining complex as a case study. In all type of post mining land use such as Agriculture, Pasture, Forestry, Tourist attraction, Wild life creation, selection and planting the appropriate plant species is one the most essential requirements to successful implement the mine reclamation plan. The Research methodology is, Selecting of plant species that is on the basis of the primary factors that are: type of post mining land use, Climate, Nature­ of soil. Then priority is defined between the selected species, based on of the secondary factors by two Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models that criteria are perspective of the region, resistance against disease and insects,­ strength and method of growth, availability of plant type, economic efficiency, protection of soil and storing water, prevention from pollution. These models are implemented by FUZZY AHP and FUZZY TOPSIS methods. The mentioned procedure was applied to Chadormaloo iron mine in Iran. Decision making was executed on the basis of oral judgments and experts’ opinions in the case study. Results showed that among candidate plants, Artemisia sieberi, Salsola yazdiana, Halophytes types, and Zygophyllum, respectively, are ranked and prioritized as optimum plants for reclamation process using two methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Need for Environmental Assessment and Field Surveys in Landfill Location Studies (Case Study: Yazd City)
sara gilvari alireza Mazloumi Bajestanib Syed Abolfazl kashfi alireza sarsangi aliabadThe need for a comprehensive management of sustainable environmental development is more than ever due to the growth of population and more waste production. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, environmental assessment before, during and after each MoreThe need for a comprehensive management of sustainable environmental development is more than ever due to the growth of population and more waste production. In order to achieve the goals of sustainable development, environmental assessment before, during and after each project is needed. The purpose of the environmental impact assessment is to ensure that managers and experts meet the goals set in a project in accordance with government and environmental regulations. The first step towards achieving this goal will be exploring the study area. In this research, the Leopold matrix was used for environmental assessment of landfill location in Yazd. Environmental assessment was done on the problems resulting from landfill on the environment and living organisms of the area in the environmental assessment area by visiting the field of the current landfill site of Yazd. The total score of the results of the Leopold Environmental Assessment Matrix related to the current landfill site was -214. Therefore, it is possible to carry out management solutions to improve the status of the current landfill. By performing location studies using the hierarchical analysis method, zone one was designated as a suitable landfill site. The soil permeability gradient curve of the selected region was prepared and the soil type of this region was clayey silt. Which will be suitable for landfill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Numerical, Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Penetration Depth of a rigid blunt projectile on the steel targets
mohammad farahmand khodadad vahedi alireza Naddaf Oskouei&rlm; &rlm; rouholah hoseiniIn this paper, the experimental, numerical, and analytical investigation ‎of a blunt rigid projectile to the steel targets is discussed, Therefore, in ‎the first part, the experimental tests are carried out to find the depth of ‎penetration and the projectil MoreIn this paper, the experimental, numerical, and analytical investigation ‎of a blunt rigid projectile to the steel targets is discussed, Therefore, in ‎the first part, the experimental tests are carried out to find the depth of ‎penetration and the projectiles are cylindrical in diameter 10 mm and 20 ‎mm in length with AISI 52100 and steel plates with dimensions of 120 × ‎‎100×10 are selected from AISI 1045. In the second part, the numerical ‎simulation of the impact model in the Abacus software is carried out ‎and the accuracy of the numerical model is verified with 8% error rate ‎of the numerical solution with the experimental results. In the third ‎section, presents an‏ ‏analytical model derived‏ ‏from the Chen analytical‏ ‏model and obtain the depth of projectile penetration. Finally, a ‎comparison between experimental, numerical and analytical results is ‎performed, the results obtained in three solutions (experimental, ‎Numerical and analytical) have acceptable agreement.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - An overview of the origin and geographical routing of fine dust and strategies to deal with it in Iran
hamid kheyroddinIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical trans MoreIran and the Middle East are in the dry belt of the world. Due to climatic and geographical conditions, our country is prone to dust storms. Drought, insecurity and war, lack of vegetation, atmospheric instability in neighboring deserts and horizontal and vertical transfer of dust particles and its intensification due to intrusion and occupation The practice has had adverse effects on the ecosystem, health, health, production, transportation, tourism, increased pollution, increased migration, and the like. This research intends to use the method of collecting library information and using data, maps and spatial and geographical analysis to get a proper knowledge and picture of the geographical status of the fine dust phenomenon in terms of origin and direction of its creation. Then, using this information, to analyze the space and find the root of the internal and external origin of fine dust. Therefore, in this article, with a review and descriptive method, the route and the dust center are first examined outside the country, such as Iraq, Syria and the Arabian Peninsula, and then the Northeast region, Central Asia, Turkmenistan and southeast Pakistan using The map and related zoning were collected and then the internal origin in the main geographical directions of the dust and dust phenomenon from the interior of the country was studied. This phenomenon occurs throughout the year, but the frequency of occurrence and its negative effect and worse air quality It is more common in hot seasons, especially in summer and July and August. This is due to the frequent influx of dust from Iraq and the instability of the Hijaz desert climate, declining air humidity, drought, excessive use of water and natural resources, increasing temperature and speed and wind direction, and drying of wetlands and mismanagement. Various in economic, social, political, environmental dimensions. There is an institution and organization that mentions some of these consequences and strategies to deal with it from the research results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Investigating the effect of ease, usefulness and perceived risk, trust and social effects on the intention to use mobile banking among the customers of Melli Mubarakeh Bank
Fatemeh Nasirzadeh Masoud GodarziAbstractThe pervasive growth of ICT has had a huge impact on the banking industry. Providing banking services to customers via mobile phone is one of the newest technologies. Accordingly, in this study, the intention is to investigate the effect of perceived convenience MoreAbstractThe pervasive growth of ICT has had a huge impact on the banking industry. Providing banking services to customers via mobile phone is one of the newest technologies. Accordingly, in this study, the intention is to investigate the effect of perceived convenience, usefulness and risk, trust and social effects on the intention to use mobile banking in the customers of Bank Melli Mobarakeh. The statistical population of customers of Bank Melli is Mobarakeh. Sample size was selected using Morgan table of 381 people based on available sampling method. A standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated diagnostically, convergently and divergently and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research model was tested based on structural equation method and pls software. The results showed that perceived convenience, usefulness and risk, trust and social effects had a positive and significant effect on the intention to use mobile banking.Key words: Perceived Risk, Utility, Social Impact and Purchase Intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Armenian political, social and cultural structures during the period of the Arsacids of Armenia
mohammad malekiThe study of the history of Armenia during the presence of the Parthians in Armenia and the establishment and continuation of their government created changes in various political, social and cultural spheres in Armenia, whose effects in some areas, years after their fa MoreThe study of the history of Armenia during the presence of the Parthians in Armenia and the establishment and continuation of their government created changes in various political, social and cultural spheres in Armenia, whose effects in some areas, years after their fall and even to the present day of continuity Found. Meanwhile, the role of the Parthians in creating an out-of-order social system is undeniable through the organization of its aristocratic dynasties and their application to the hierarchy of the political power structure in Armenia and its consolidation and sustainability even after the fall of this family. Their severity and weakness in the Armenian power structure during this period depended on the close relationship with the king's position and the spatial and temporal conditions that Armenia was taking advantage of. The influence of the Parthians in the political structure and administrative hierarchy and even the Armenian social classes during this period was partially influenced by the historical and cultural background of Armenia, due to the long-standing presence of the Iranian tribes ruling the land, and the Armenian Partisans, knowing this important truth, They were able to create important developments, especially in the social and cultural sphere in Armenia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Effect of social and Economic system on dichotomy of caliphat and monarchy Institution during Buyid dynasty
Mohammad Hashem RahnamaIn this paper it has been tried to examine the relationship between «social and economic system» and «State Institution» during Buyid dyanasty and their effect on each other. For this purpose it is going to answer to this question that why Shi MoreIn this paper it has been tried to examine the relationship between «social and economic system» and «State Institution» during Buyid dyanasty and their effect on each other. For this purpose it is going to answer to this question that why Shia Buyid did not expell the Sunni caliph while they had enough power to do so. It is going to explain the main reason for not doing so was the dichotomy of caliphate and monarch and the effect of «social and economic system on it which had formed long ago after» translation movmet. This study, incentives the political opportunism of Buyid rulers and explains that capabilities of «social and economic system» of caliphat preuonting Buyid to expell caliphate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Study the Perceived Effects of Tourists on Environmental Dimensions on Residents' Quality of Life
Ali QolipourSoleymani Armin GoliThe purpose of this research is applied and research method is descriptive-cross sectional. The general objective of this research is to determine the impact of tourism industry (Economic, Socio-cultural, Environmental and Political) dimensions on the quality of life of MoreThe purpose of this research is applied and research method is descriptive-cross sectional. The general objective of this research is to determine the impact of tourism industry (Economic, Socio-cultural, Environmental and Political) dimensions on the quality of life of the people of Guilan. Accordingly, 385 of residents of Guilan province were selected through simple random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling and LISREL software. The results show that the dimensions of the tourism industry affect the quality of life of the people of Guilan province. Understanding the economic impacts of the tourism industry on material well-being; Understanding the socio-cultural impacts of the tourism industry on social welfare; Understanding the environmental impacts of the tourism industry on health and safety; Understanding the political impact of the tourism industry on the security of the welfare; the material well-being on the amount Satisfaction with life; The sense of social welfare on life satisfaction; Health and safety welfare on life satisfaction; The sense of security welfare affects the level of life satisfaction of inhabitants of Guilan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Regional Performance Impacts in the Supply Chain integration: Evidence from East Africa Basic Metal Industry
Alie Wube Dametew Birehanu Beshah Frank Ebinger -
Open Access Article
103 - Environmental Impact Assessment on the Construction of 30,000 Imam Reza Stadium in Mashhad Metropolis to Achieve Sustainable Urban Development
MahmoudReza Anvari Amir Gharib Rahele Hosini MehrabDetermining the importance of environmental impacts is one of the most important concerns of the evaluation process in projects and projects. Paying attention to environmental studies and specifically conducting environmental impact assessment studies during the feasibi MoreDetermining the importance of environmental impacts is one of the most important concerns of the evaluation process in projects and projects. Paying attention to environmental studies and specifically conducting environmental impact assessment studies during the feasibility, location and per-implementation phase of construction projects as one of the most effective management methods in reducing environmental impacts and tools for achieving sustainable urban development.In this regard, the aim of this study was to assess the environmental impacts of the construction of 30,000 Imam Reza Stadium in Mashhad metropolitan area. Analytical research methodology is based on library, documentary and field studies. SPSS and Expert Choice software and the Iranian leopard matrix were used to analyze the data.The results of the evaluation of the biological effects of the construction of the stadium with the help of the Iranian matrix indicate that the nature of this project is positive and has no adverse effects and effects. Also, the results of the project's effects on environmental indicators show a significant lack of relation between the damaging effects of this project and environmental indicators.Finally, the results of the ranking and the most important environmental indicators of the 30,000 Imam Reza Stadium were shown using Expert Choice software. Among the environmental indicators, the physical environment index was obtained with a weight of 0.423 and the index The social environment, weighing 0.137, has the highest and lowest weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Environmental Impact Assessment of Tourism Development Plans in Anzali Free Zone
abbas moradi Bahman RamezaniPlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey an MorePlans of tourism development has need to Environmental Impact Assessment for environment sastianable. Leopold model and the comments of 30 environmental, meteorological, agricultural and natural resources experts who worked in the Anzali Free Zone, in order to survey and complete the questionnaire,The results showed that the utility rate of these projects is less than its destructive effects. Tourism Plans have created employment in the region and provided economic prosperity in the region, water quality of the Talab Abad area was inappropriate for microbial purposes. It have sodium chloride and sodium and potassium minerals in this water. sample of water quality in the Chaperrodesman area showed that this water is suitable for microbial purposes, but its guidance is higher than the permitted limit, and salts and minerals (iron , Manganese, Nacl) is high in it. This sample is not suitable for drinking, but it is suitable for bathing.The amount of water TDS in this sample is 1016 mg / l.destruction of animal habitats and contamination of water and soil erosion. Also according to the experiments carried out in two sections of microbial and chemical water quality in the studied areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Socio-cultural impact of educational institutions in Tabriz in the ninth century AH
Shahrokh Khosravi mahtaj sattar Oudi ramezan rezayiIn Iran, the transmission of culture and civilization was the responsibility of educational institutions that have undergone changes over time. Tabriz was noteworthy in the ninth century in terms of scientific and educational centers. The purpose of writing this article MoreIn Iran, the transmission of culture and civilization was the responsibility of educational institutions that have undergone changes over time. Tabriz was noteworthy in the ninth century in terms of scientific and educational centers. The purpose of writing this article is to investigate the socio-cultural impact of the ninth century educational institutions of Tabriz during the Qara Quyunlus and Aq Quyunlus. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results show that schools were the most important scientific centers of the ninth century. In this course, theological sciences, mathematics, philosophy and religious sciences were taught. In scientific activities, after the Mongol invasion, the fanatical spirit of favoring the Sunni religions disappeared, and philosophical and Shiite sciences flourished, and the ground for the exchange of opinions and the exchange of ideas was provided. Tabriz schools and educational institutions in the ninth century AH caused the growth and excellence of cultural and social consciousness among the people of that era and in the transition of the fanatical and petrified society that was the result of many years of Mongol rule over Iran towards social excellence and growth role Played an important . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Investigating the effect of industry expertise and legal expertise of members of audit committees on the quality of the company's audit
mohamad mohamadi saman mohamadi paria serajThe main issue studied in the present study is the study of the effect of industry expertise and legal expertise of members of audit committees on the quality of auditing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose and following Ababasah and Yekini ( MoreThe main issue studied in the present study is the study of the effect of industry expertise and legal expertise of members of audit committees on the quality of auditing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose and following Ababasah and Yekini (2021), the impact of industry expertise and legal expertise of the members of the audit committee on the remuneration and type of auditor of companies was studied. Also, the effect of auditing committee independence variables, financial expertise of audit committee members, audit committee size, number of audit committee meetings, financial leverage, subsidiaries, corporate losses, corporate risk, profitability and corporate size were controlled in regression models. To test the research hypotheses, the financial information of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 6 years between 2015 to 2020 has been used and the final sample consisted of 148 companies (a total of 888 years-companies) which have been selected after applying the restrictions in this study. After measuring the research variables, multivariate regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The tests were performed using Eviews8 software and statistical technique of logistic regression and integrated data method. The findings of the present study showed that the expertise in the industry of the members of the audit committee and the legal expertise of the members of the audit committee had a positive and significant effect on the audit quality of companies in the review period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Ecological footprint of the tourism in the rural area Case study: Veshnaveh village (Qom County)
farzad vaisi arman rahimiTherefore, many empirical studies and actions have been taken to exploit the concept of sustainable development and its evaluation models. However, despite all these measures, the results from the progress towards sustainability have not been favorable. On the other han MoreTherefore, many empirical studies and actions have been taken to exploit the concept of sustainable development and its evaluation models. However, despite all these measures, the results from the progress towards sustainability have not been favorable. On the other hand, the first studies in the country indicate that there are major challenges in achieving sustainable tourism development, especially in the villages of tourism destination. In this research, it has been tried to investigate the environmental impact of the tourism on the village of Voshveh by a descriptive-analytical method, based on documentary library studies as well as field observations (distribution of the questionnaire and interview with the village council and tourists). The model of the ecological footprint model is estimated. The statistical population of this research is the number of tourists who visited Voshveh village in 2012. Considering that in the year 2012, 10,000 tourists entered the village, so using the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated to be 350. The findings of this study indicate that the ecological footprints of tourism in the village of Wandshwa in food, transport, heating, water, electricity, and waste generation groups were 1.08 (per capita of each tourist) ha. Comparing this amount with its supporting environment indicates that tourism in the village of Wandshwa relies on an area beyond the village to meet its biological and environmental sustainability needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Evaluating the effects and consequences of tourism on attitude and quality of citizens life Case Study: Meshkinshahr
Davoud Dadgsh Oghli Hossein Varedy Fakhrabadi Nahid Abdolah zade hanjaniToday, tourism, as the most extensive service industry in the world, has a special place in the economic, cultural, social and political spheres. Considering that the city of Meshkinshahr, located in the mountains of Sabalan, has the good climate condition and wide rang MoreToday, tourism, as the most extensive service industry in the world, has a special place in the economic, cultural, social and political spheres. Considering that the city of Meshkinshahr, located in the mountains of Sabalan, has the good climate condition and wide range natural resources, so the study of the role of urban tourism development on improving the quality of citizens life can be an effective step in Sustainable development of habitable urban tourism. The research methodology based on the purpose is applied research and According to the research and data collection is descriptive-survey. The research methodology based on the purpose is applied research and According to the research and data collection is descriptive-survey. This research as a methodology used analysis- descriptive based. Studying the effects of tourism on the quality of life in host society was done by using the model of TOPSIS and Entropy. The results indicate that the effects are as follows: economic impact score is 0/731 socio-cultural impact score 0/569 substructure effects 0/524 environmental with a score of 0/505 are in the third and fourth level.Keywords: Tourism, Tourism Impacts, sustainable tourism, Quality of Life Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Identify and analyze key factors affecting the sustainable development of tourism (Case study: Some Sara County)
effat ziya Alireza Estelaji Nasrollah Fallahtabar majid shareeatpanahiThe city of Some Sara has a good tourist position due to its potential and attractions. Also, the geographic location of the Monastery Sara is such that travelers are to reach Astara and etc. in any case, they must cross Some Sara. Therefore, the geographic location of MoreThe city of Some Sara has a good tourist position due to its potential and attractions. Also, the geographic location of the Monastery Sara is such that travelers are to reach Astara and etc. in any case, they must cross Some Sara. Therefore, the geographic location of the Monastery Sara is also a golden opportunity for tourism development. In this regard, the main purpose of this research is to identify the key factors in the sustainable development of tourism in the city of Sumo Sara. In fact, it was tried to identify effective factors by using experts 'and experts' opinions and using the method of interaction analysis, key factors were chosen as the driving forces. In this regard, 27 factors were identified first, then using the interaction method in the MICC software environment and factor analysis was performed by experts. According to studies on sustainable tourism development in the city of Sumo Sara, a total of eight factors were selected as key factors. In this regard, factors such as marketing and advertising, cost of living, service quality, management and coordination of organizations and the regional transport network can be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Environmental impact assessment of employing intelligent transportation systems on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Iran (Case Study: Karaj-Chalous axis)
Mohammadreza Samavi Mostafa Panahi Zahra Abedi -
Open Access Article
111 - Analysis of FGM Beam by FEM Method Applying Abacus Software
mehdi ghohyeei Seyed Alireza Mohajerani Saeed Jafari Mehr Abadi behnaz ghohyeeiLow–velocity foreign object impact damage is one of the most important issues in composite materials used in military and civil structures. Fiber composites are strong sheets, which are subjected to impact loads, to reduce the damage of the impact using hard resin MoreLow–velocity foreign object impact damage is one of the most important issues in composite materials used in military and civil structures. Fiber composites are strong sheets, which are subjected to impact loads, to reduce the damage of the impact using hard resins. In this research, low-speed bullet impact to six beams with FGM layering whose modulus of elasticity in the beam thickness varies from ceramic to metal and the response of the beams to low velocity impact has been investigated by finite element method using Abacus software. The strain, displacement and tension of the beam have been analyzed in two modes of the last layer of the metal and ceramic – metal. A comparison of displacement, tension and strain diagrams along the length of the beam for the six beams has been made. It was observed that the higher the properties of the metal than the ceramic, the higher the amount of displacement and tension and the strain in the beam decreased with increasing degree of ceramic properties compared to the metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The Evaluation of Islamic Azad University Website System and the Status of The Islamic Azad University Marvdasht Branch in this System
Hojjat Baghban Seyad Rasoul Toudar Zeynab Sam Daliri Alireza Naseri MalvaniThe present research intends to examine Islamic Azad University websites by analyzing five indices of webometrics including traffic statistics, visibility factor, size of website, design and number of scientific files available on site (PDF). The research method was an MoreThe present research intends to examine Islamic Azad University websites by analyzing five indices of webometrics including traffic statistics, visibility factor, size of website, design and number of scientific files available on site (PDF). The research method was an applied one using webometrics method. Data analysis was done through Excel Software and webometrics method. The statistical population included the websites of all Islamic Azad University Branches and 66 ones were selected among them as statistical sample. In These websites, personal computer was loaded by the use of webometric methods. The results showed that Science and Research Tehran Branch, Central organization of Islamic Azad University, and Karaj Branch were ranked the highest and Kerman, Khoy and Mobarake Branch were ranked the lowest respectively. Among the 66 websites, %50 was registered in Webometrics database. The website of Science and Research Tehran Branch was ranked the first among all branch of Islamic Azad University. Among 12000 world universities registered in webometrics database, Science and Research Tehran branch was ranked 3062, and Marvdasht Branch took the place 8749. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The impact of women's rights in the foreign policy of the united states towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Elham satari Gholam Hossein BolandianAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the MoreAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the present paper is "what is the impact of women’s right on the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Islamic Republic of Iran"? The underlying hypothesis is that women’s rights has affected the United States foreign policy against Islamic Republic of Iran and it is one of the key factors for continuation of hostility and imposing pressure by the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although there are conventions and rules in the West with slogans like equality and women’s right and responsibility of women is the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of gender justice, taking into consideration the ability of women their share and role in decision-making and politics is still low. This can be an excuse for the United States to exert pressure against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and historical, using library tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Driving forces of the development of the parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad Aryanmanesh HAKEM Ghasemi, Ghrban-Ali Ghorbanzadeh SavarPolitical parties in Iran are carriers of socio-political characteristics and historical background, which, in an unwanted combination, have hindered its realization. Although there have been many theoretical studies about the characteristics and obstacles of the party MorePolitical parties in Iran are carriers of socio-political characteristics and historical background, which, in an unwanted combination, have hindered its realization. Although there have been many theoretical studies about the characteristics and obstacles of the party system in Iran, none has been done so far about development drivers based on different variables in the four constructions. Given this lack, the basic question of this article is: What are the driving forces behind the development of political parties in the Islamic republic of Iran? The hypothesis obtained in this research is that the most important drivers are strengthening the democratic structure of power and political freedoms, strengthening party discourse, strengthening social capital, developing civil society institutions, party independence, developing a culture of participation and collective work, and facilitating the circulation of political elites, The structure of parties and their supervision. The prospective research framework used in this research is based on library methods, questionnaires and the use of Micmac software. The most important finding of this research is the discovery and description of the drivers of party development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Money Laundry and its Political Impact
Mohammad Roshan Ali Akbar Nayebzadeh Farhad AkhtarshenasThe offence of money laundering due to its nature which is organized and supranational is having damaging economic and, political and social effect on society. Money laundering leads to organized penetration of criminals into banking and monetary network and they bring MoreThe offence of money laundering due to its nature which is organized and supranational is having damaging economic and, political and social effect on society. Money laundering leads to organized penetration of criminals into banking and monetary network and they bring the economic potential of governments under their own control and direction. With gradual decline of government economic power which is due to non-performance of productive works and tax evasion, the security and economic and political authority of the government and national sovereignty is jeopardized. This destabilizing function generally takes place in developing countries. The main question raised by present article is that, what are the negative impacts of money laundering on society? Money laundering is having damaging economic, political and social impacts. Money laundering is damaging for economy and commerce. The negative impacts of money laundering includes weakening private sector, destruction of financial markets, reduction of government revenue, weakening of economic security, risking credits, hampering healthy competition. Money laundering damages social and economic order because this phenomenon has enormous negative consequences for free competition, stability and health of financial system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigation and sensitivity analysis of indicators affecting the dynamic pressure of GRP pipes in water supply designs (Case study: Songhar water supply plan)
Mohammadamin Gandomi sara Amirzadeh Roozbeh Aghamajidi Nooredin BazgirUnsteady currents in pipes can occur in various forms, one of which is the unsteady current of damping, which is called Surge shock.These currents are in the form of pressure waves and if not controlled in some way, can cause irreparable damage to the pipeline. In the p MoreUnsteady currents in pipes can occur in various forms, one of which is the unsteady current of damping, which is called Surge shock.These currents are in the form of pressure waves and if not controlled in some way, can cause irreparable damage to the pipeline. In the present study, the ram phenomenon was introduced and the effects of different parameters, pipe thickness and diameter, different flow velocities on the dynamic loads due to the occurrence of ram impact were investigated.Finally, it was observed that under the same conditions, the effect of pipe material is 25% effective in reducing the maximum impact. The maximum impact increase is about 1% due to a very small increase in pipe thickness. Doubling the moment of inertia reduces the maximum impact pressure by about 42%, which has been investigated using Water Hammer software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Investigating and Evaluating the Economic Consequences of Urban Tourism from the Perspective of Citizens (Case Study: Birjand City)
afsaneh ebrahimi mehdi fatemiTourism is one of the important activities with economic, social and environmental consequences in cities. Tourism development policy is an approach that by emphasizing it, the city can minimize the negative effects while increasing its benefits. The purpose of this art MoreTourism is one of the important activities with economic, social and environmental consequences in cities. Tourism development policy is an approach that by emphasizing it, the city can minimize the negative effects while increasing its benefits. The purpose of this article is to investigate and evaluate the economic consequences of urban tourism in Birjand city. n terms of the type of research, the study was applied and the method of its investigation was descriptive-analytical and the method of structural equations was used. The statistical population of the research was experts and experts in this field. The required data was collected through a questionnaire from a sample of 68 experts and specialists in this field. The results of the study show that the development of urban tourism is effective on the development and improvement of infrastructure and public services, creating job opportunities, increasing demand for domestic products, increasing accommodation and welfare facilities, increasing investment and generating income, among these factors. The greatest effects of tourism are related to the development and improvement of infrastructure and public services and the increase in demand for domestic products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Structural Modeling of Local People Attitude towards Tourism Impacts by Modifier role of Social Advertising
Mohammad Najjarzadeh Majid Nematolahi Hossein BalouchiTourism is a media and tourists are the best media for touristic regions. The purpose of this paper is study of economic, social and environmental impacts and its effects on local's quality of life by the role of social advertising modifier. In this research, a descript MoreTourism is a media and tourists are the best media for touristic regions. The purpose of this paper is study of economic, social and environmental impacts and its effects on local's quality of life by the role of social advertising modifier. In this research, a descriptive-correlation method was used. Statistical population was Dasht e Arjan in Shiraz city, which 4 villages were selected. To collect data, questionnaire was used and its validity and reliability were examined by fuzzy- Delphi approach and internal consistency. For investigating Modifier Effect of social advertising, it used LISREL software. Statistical sample divided into 2 group and structural modeling was investigate by considering modifier role and not considering modifier role. Results showed that without considering modifier role, there is a positive relationship between local people attitude with tourism impacts and these impacts has positive and significant relationship with local's quality of life. But by considering modifier role, social advertising just modify relationship between local's people attitude with economic impacts. Social advertising could not modify relationship between social and environmental impacts with local's attitude and also between economic and social with quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Second Homes Tourism (Case Study: Rudbar Qasran County, Shemiranat county , Tehran province
Fazileh Davarkhani Habib Mahmoodi Somayeh Sadat MousaviAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number o MoreAt the same time as the structural changes in the field of tourism in the country and in particular the prevalence of tourism in rural areas around the cities, the construction of second homes has grown dramatically and like other tourism patterns, it has had a number of effects on the areas they are deployed. One of the most important ways to assess the effects of human activities in the environment, environmental impact assessment or EIA is to identify the effects of operational programs and projects on environmental factors at various stages and to propose solutions to reduce these effects. To collect the data based on the ICOLD model format, instead of using the questionnaire, through an interview with 15 local officials and trustees the inhabitants of the 5 villages of Ahar, Egole; baghgole, emameh bala, and Emameh paeein and designing a checklist, the environmental impacts of tourism in the second home were measured and quantitated. The results of the research showed that the tourism of the second homes in the studied village has a negative effect on the economic, social, biological and physical aspects. Matching the results of this study with previous studies revealed that in the environmental dimension, all researches were consistent with the results of the present study. In the economic and social dimensions, the difference in the relative environment of the problem in different environments and geographical locations has been different in some cases, and in some cases the opposite.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Analysis of Tourism potentials and capabilities from Baghbahadoran Villagers’ point of view
کاظم جاجرمی حسین سلیمانیToday, the tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has earned an important status in a country’s economy and plays an effective role in enhancing economic, social, and cultural structure in all countries, especially developing countries. The present study w MoreToday, the tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has earned an important status in a country’s economy and plays an effective role in enhancing economic, social, and cultural structure in all countries, especially developing countries. The present study was generally intended to examine the impacts of tourism on rural areas with a particular emphasis on villagers’ behavioral geography. The study was also aimed to propose strategies to develop these areas to, eventually, reach the best possible model for development. To do so, a documentary and field research methods were employed. After studying and analyzing academic sources and documents, the villagers were given a questionnaire to examine and analyze their opinions on rural development, which resulted in establishing strategies for development. Therefore, tourism and rural tourism play an effective role in rural sustained development. In addition, villagers’ behaviors have been effective in attracting tourists to the area. Finally, the existence of many natural capacities can play an important part in attracting tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Social Impact Assessment and Urban Development Programs(Case study: Organizing the Blocks of Martyrs in Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery)
rahim sarvarSocial, environmental, and economic assessments are three requirements necessary for attaining sustainable development; and the evaluation of the social impact has a 40-year history in the world. Since the year 1386 (2007), following the ratified bills of Islamic Counci MoreSocial, environmental, and economic assessments are three requirements necessary for attaining sustainable development; and the evaluation of the social impact has a 40-year history in the world. Since the year 1386 (2007), following the ratified bills of Islamic Council, the necessity of applying this approach to urban development projects was put on the agenda of Tehran Municipality and relatively wide measures in this regard were taken among which is the training and licensing for 500 experts to socially evaluate the development projects in Tehran. And a brief look at the matter shows a small presence or general ignorance of Iranian geography society regarding this created practical and scientific capacity. All of this is in the circumstances where the nature of urban projects has spatial dimensions, and in principle, these assessment without analysis of the space will not be very effective. Geographers (especially human geography - the major of urban planning) with understanding the analytic levels of urban problems and structural recognition of the phenomenon of city and urbanization and urban development process, can play the greatest role in this field. The purpose of this article is providing a methodological framework of evaluating social impact as the preparatory groundwork for familiarizing the geography graduates in order to enter this arena. To achieve this goal, evaluating social impact of organizing the cemeteries in Tehran's urban area, especially the blocks of martyrs in Behesht-e Zahra, are selected, and the results can be used for other studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Examining the physical impacts of implementation of Rural Guide Plans from rural residents view point (case study: Miandoab County)
noraldin azimi nasrollah molaeihashjin ardeshir asheghiIn recent years, the preparation and implementation of Rural Guide Plan (RGP) has been one of the important steps in the development of rural areas in Iran. Currently, such projects are the most important tools in the villages for leading construction activities. MoreIn recent years, the preparation and implementation of Rural Guide Plan (RGP) has been one of the important steps in the development of rural areas in Iran. Currently, such projects are the most important tools in the villages for leading construction activities. With improving the physical structure in villages through the implementation of RGPs, the utilization of rural residents from public services has increased. Consequently the status of rural life has been improved which has raised the interest of villagers to live in rural areas. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the physical impacts of the implementation of RGPs from villagers viewpoint, so that the degree of the effectiveness of plans to be evaluated. The methodology of this study is mainly descriptive and the main data used in the research has been obtained from a field work through the use of questionnaires which has been analyzed using a number of statistical methods. The main findings of this study are: 1. The Implementation of RGP has been effective in term of improving the level of public services in the selected villages. 2. Implementation of RGP has increased the new constructions and has improved the construction methods, durability and outlook of buildings. 3. Implementation of RGP has increased rural residents' willingness to live in their villages which has led to the gradual reduction of rural-urban migrations. 4. Despite the positive physical impacts and improvement of public services in the villages, implementation of RGPs has not been successful in terms of economic pint of view and job creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Roles and Effects of the Development of Second-Home Tourism on the Sociocultural Aspects of Rural Settlements (Case Study:Meershamsodeen Rural District of Tonekabon County)
naser AligholizadehFiroozjaieThis research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The pap MoreThis research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The paper, practical in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method, is based on the survey. Having subjective and objective nature, research data have been collected via questionnaires, interviews and field observations and analyzed with statistical methods such as the one-sample t-test and correlation. In this regard, results obtained from studying the sociocultural consequences of second-home tourism development suggest that it has contributed substantially to good, positive influences including enhanced awareness and improved infrastructural facilities and services. It, furthermore, due to the unscientific, unplanned large scale development of second homes, low consistency between the sociocultural characteristics of the owners of second homes and the hostsociety and inefficient management, has yielded negative results which involve overcrowded villages, increased irregularities in rural areas, widespread adaption of urban lifestyles amongst rural families in the region, increased rates of illegal activities and crimes, marked difference and contrast between the owners of second homes and the host society, significant changes in the value system and behavior pattern as a result of imitating second-home tourists, considerable difficulties in buying houses and lands, raised conflicts over land ownership, problems with using facilities and services by residents in tourism seasons and reduced access to tourist attractions and recreational facilities. The intensity of the negative consequences above, according to the residents’ perceptions and viewpoints based on the Likert scale, has been varying considerably to a greater extent, giving meaningful implications in relation to the one-sample t-test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigate The Reasons of The Development of Rural Tourism In The Sarpolezahab County (Case Study: Village Patagh)
vahid riahi marya moradi asghar pashazadehRural tourism is an activity which is effective in rural development, economic development, prevent migration and rural development. Iran rural areas in recent decades with the evolution of social, economic and especially physical and in some villages, the transit MoreRural tourism is an activity which is effective in rural development, economic development, prevent migration and rural development. Iran rural areas in recent decades with the evolution of social, economic and especially physical and in some villages, the transition to create focused centers of rural tourism and rural tourism has become the focus. Patagh one village to village to village in recent years tourism has become. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for the development of tourism in the village Patagh and trying to study the implications of rural tourism in the area. The population study of 90 families residing in the village Patagh are using Cochran formula, 71 households were selected as research subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS software is factor analysis was conducted. The results showed that the combined factor analysis of the original 29 variables, six factors were identified that 74.4% of the variance explained by the effects of tourism on the village Patagh. has been able to explain 40.3% of variance study. Physical and social context, lack of facilities in rural settlements is more important than others. Based on these factors and their effects, it can be concluded positive effects of rural tourism in Patagh more significant and negative effects and causes of rural income, employment and investment diversification in the rural. lack of access to data, lack of cooperation by the relevant organizations. Attract private investment to develop tourism facilities and services, use of indigenous manpower and cost involved in tourism services, public education to promote cultural village Patagh this study of its kind and the results can be used to help researchers and experts related to tourism and tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Evaluation Impacts of Rural Plans in Rural Settlement Development the West Azerbaijan Province
میرنجف موسوی عبداله پورآقایی ایوب منوچهری میاندوآب میرصادق محمدیRural plan, organized the first comprehensive national effort to restructure the country's rural areas has been implemented in such a way that by the end of 1386 a total of 16 thousand 600 villages in the Rural Plan was prepared total of the more than seven thousand 700 MoreRural plan, organized the first comprehensive national effort to restructure the country's rural areas has been implemented in such a way that by the end of 1386 a total of 16 thousand 600 villages in the Rural Plan was prepared total of the more than seven thousand 700 villages have begun conducting or plan is implemented. After more than two decades, starting with the rural rural areas of the country, in a variety of physical effects - such as spatial variations in the physical fabric of the village, a change in housing patterns, inconsistencies in the rural roads network, facilitate you are traveling villagers and passers-by. In this paper we present the components of rural villages in West Azerbaijan province has been studied. Study is descriptive - analytical and control population of 40 villages in 20 villages (villages guide plan has not been implemented) and 20 experimental villages (rural conducting the project is implemented) is. Research findings show that 69 percent of the average experimental villages and villages having the facility to control 31 percent. T-test and ANOVA test were 95 and 99 percent indicated that the difference between experimental and control villages are benefit levels. rural development have been. The one-dimensional view of the project, not to allocate the necessary funds, the lack of integrated management, the main problems of the rural poor (economic aspects) has led to very positive results of experimental interventions in rural areas and not in a positive effect quality and sustainability of such interventions in experimental villages serious doubts exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - اثرات اقتصادی مورد انتظار توسعه اگرو توریسم در مناطق روستایی استان تهر ان ( همراه با مطالعه موردی در شهرستان پاکدشت)
Farideh Azimi Samvel Avetisyan -
Open Access Article
127 - ارزیابی چرخه حیات تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه های مختلف باغ و سامانه های کشت ارگانیک و رایج
سعید فیروزی امیرحسین بازیارهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مور Moreهدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در اندازه­های مختلف باغ و تحت شرایط کشت ارگانیک و معمول، با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه حیات در شمال ایران بود. داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه رو در رو از 305 باغدار زیتون در منطقه مورد مطالعه گرد­آوری شدند. شش گروه تاثیر شامل تخلیه منابع سوخت­های فسیلی، گرمایش جهانی، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و پتاس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یک تن میوه زیتون به عنوان واحد عملکردی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که باغ­های زیتون بزرگ (بزرگتر از 5 هکتار) در تمامی گروه­های تاثیر، بیشترین اثرات زیست­محیطی را در پی داشتند. در مجموع، اسیدیفیکاسیون، اوتریفیکاسیون خشکی و تخلیه منابع فسفات، به ترتیب با شاخص­های نهایی 58/1، 68/2 و 12/3 ، مهمترین گروه­های تاثیر بودند. نتایج تحقیق همچنین نشان داد باغ­های زیتون ارگانیک از نظر زیست­محیطی نسبت به باغ­های معمول، عملکرد زیست­محیطی بهتری داشتند. جایگزینی بخشی از کودهای شیمیایی مورد استفاده بخصوص در باغ­های بزرگ با انواع کودهای بیولوژیک نظیر کودهای دامی برای تغذیه درختان زیتون پیشنهاد شد. همچنین، لازم است یک راهبرد منطقه­ای جهت حرکت به سوی سامانه کشت تلفیقی مناسب طراحی گردد تا اثرات زیست­محیطی تولید میوه زیتون در باغ­های بزرگ منطقه مورد مطالعه کاهش یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - حرکت به سوی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای دیم و آبی
شمساله عبداله پور ارمغان کوثری مقدم محمد بنایاناین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کار Moreاین مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پایداری زیستمحیطی برداشت گندم در سیستمهای کشاورزی دیم و آبی در سه منطقه مختلف در ایران، شامل ساری، مشهد و پارسآباد مغان انجام شد. چهار شاخص پایداری انرژی، امرژی، اگزرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که کارایی انرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای آبی بیشتر از سیستمهای دیم بوده است. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل امرژی نشان داد که شاخص پایداری زیستمحیطی در سیستمهای دیم در مشهد، پارسآباد مغان و ساری به ترتیب 036/0، 035/0 و 034/0 بوده است. نتایج تحلیل اگزرژی نیز نشان داد که کارایی اگزرژی عملیات برداشت در سیستمهای دیم و آبی در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب با 07/56 و 72/128 بیشتر از مناطق دیگر بوده است. مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در عملیات برداشت در ساری، پارسآباد مغان و مشهد در سیستمهای دیم کمتر از سیستمهای آبی تعیین شد (به ترتیب 88/54، 64/47 و 03/36 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار در مقایسه با 52/67، 56/66 و 22/56 کیلوگرم کربندیاکسید در هکتار). به صورت کلی، عملیات برداشت گندم در ساری و پارسآباد مغان به ترتیب در سیستمهای کشت دیم و آبی دارای پایداری زیستمحیطی بالاتری بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Investigating the Impacts of Credits Granted by Agricultural Bank of Iran on Economic Conditions of Farmers in Hirmand Region
Nader Barani Mohammad Hossein Menhaj Esmaeil Ramezanpoor Mahmud Ahmadpoor BorazjaniOne of the obstacles that has caused agricultural sector not to reach significant and expected growth is shortage of short, medium and long–term funds to finance various activities of this sector. This study aims at investigating the economic impacts of credits gr MoreOne of the obstacles that has caused agricultural sector not to reach significant and expected growth is shortage of short, medium and long–term funds to finance various activities of this sector. This study aims at investigating the economic impacts of credits granted by Agricultural bank on farmers on Hirmand region. The statistical population of the survey included 4691 farmers of Hirmand region and the sample size were 117 farmers who had received loan from agricultural bank at least once during 2006-2011. The Sample was selected using simple random sampling and questionnaires were distributed among them. The results from t-Test showed that significant level for income manufacturing variants was 0.000 and for investment and livelihood variants were 0.014 and 0.077, respectively. This significantly levels suggest that received loan from bank has increased income and production, the living conditions of borrowers, economic profitability and increased productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Land use Changes Impact on extreme flood events in the Hulu Kelang River Basin, Malaysia
Nader Saadatkhah Azman Kassim -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigating the Factors Affecting Acceptance of Office Automation Using Integrated Technology Acceptance and Use Theory (UTAUT) (Case Study of Northwest Units of Islamic Azad University of East Azarbayjan)
mihan hossennazhd gargari jabreil marzi alamdari akbar golmahammadpur mirhamid hejaziT he purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting the adoption of office automation. The research is descriptive in terms of the method of data collection in field type and in terms of purpose, is a type of applied studies. The statistical population o MoreT he purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting the adoption of office automation. The research is descriptive in terms of the method of data collection in field type and in terms of purpose, is a type of applied studies. The statistical population of the study consisted of all staff and full-time faculty members of the Northwest universities of the East Azarbaijan province. A simple random sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample size was 256 by Cochran formula. The library method has been used to compile and compile literature on the subject of research and research records. The results of the assumptions test show that the dimensions of the expectation of the implementation, the expectation of the effort, the social effects and facilitating conditions on the acceptance of office automation in the northwestern units of Islamic Azad University of East Azarbaijan have a positive effect. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the adoption of office automation in age groups, gender, and user experience of office automation are not significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Study of Nomads consequences Bakhtiari tribe in the province (Case Study: Shahid Gholipour city of Shoushtar)
tahmasb maghsoudi Kurosh davoodiThis study aims to investigate economic-social effects of Bakhtiari nomads habitation. The current study is the type of descriptive – correlation studies which is practical in terms of objective. Research statistical community are heads of nomad households residen MoreThis study aims to investigate economic-social effects of Bakhtiari nomads habitation. The current study is the type of descriptive – correlation studies which is practical in terms of objective. Research statistical community are heads of nomad households resident in Shahid Gholipour city at Shooshtar pre-province with 350 households which 300 families were settled in the focus of development in the years of 1998-1999 and 50 families of nomadic tribes of mentioned tribe who were settled in the vicinity of development center of Shahid Gholipour and migrated to countryside areas of Masjid Soleiman and Kouhrang in the summer. 108 heads of households as an inhabited member were measured as sample size using Cochran formula and 50 heads of households of the families uninhabited surveyed as census. The main research instrument was questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and research reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts (0.85). The results showed that cosmopolitan orientation, variable access to welfare services and family size, social participation variables, age and a variable amount of agricultural land in the Gholipour city eight variables affecting the Bakhtiari Nomads. Access to utilities and household size variables show a negative impact on its willingness to settle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Examining significant factors in micro and small enterprises performance: case study in Amhara region, Ethiopia
Tomas Cherkos Muluken Zegeye Shimelis Tilahun Muralidhar Avvari -
Open Access Article
134 - Ranking and determining the core websites of Islamic Azad University's comprehensive and state branches using webometrics method
alireza isfandyari moghadam farshid danesh faramarz sohiliThis research mainly aims to investigate visibility, Web Impact Factor (WIF), and the collaboration rate of the websites of 36 Iranian Islamic Azad Universities which are comprehensive or located in centers of provinces. The current method applied in this type of resear MoreThis research mainly aims to investigate visibility, Web Impact Factor (WIF), and the collaboration rate of the websites of 36 Iranian Islamic Azad Universities which are comprehensive or located in centers of provinces. The current method applied in this type of research is the process of link analysis, which is a webometrics method. In this process, "in-links", "self-links", and "co-links" of the websites under study were summed and then cluster and multiple dimensional scaling were applied. To collect needed data Yahoo subject directory was utilized. The research findings indicated that websites of South Tehran with 2710 in-links, Karaj with 2560 in-links, and Tabriz with 1350 in-links were the most visited sites; the websites belonging to Khorram-Abad (10.34381) and Khorasgan (0.188561) made the most and the least revisited WIF, respectively; the websites belonging to Khorram-Abad (10.57303) and Khorasgan (0.212915) made the most and the least total WIF, respectively. It is notable that 10 websites were chosen as core websites. According to findings, it is necessary that website managers and designers outline plans for the improvement of the quality and content of their websites, recognizing the factors required by the website in order to attract links. Finally, some recommendations for the improvement of the websites, and some further research have been indicated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - A survey on visibility, impact and co links of the branches of Islamic Azad University websites
Ali Mardaninezhad Faramarz Soheili Farshid DaneshPurpose: This research aims to investigate visibility, Web Impact Factor (WIF), total links and size of the websites of the Islamic Azad Universities (IAU). Methodology: In this research we used webometrics methods specially link analysis. All 176 websites belonging to MorePurpose: This research aims to investigate visibility, Web Impact Factor (WIF), total links and size of the websites of the Islamic Azad Universities (IAU). Methodology: In this research we used webometrics methods specially link analysis. All 176 websites belonging to the IAU which were in a period of one month were reviewed through Yahoo. Findings: The research results indicated that “Lenjan branch.” with 5440 in- links, “Nour abad mamsani branch.” with 4280 and “South Tehran branch.” with 3290 in-links. “Sarvan branch”, “Lenjan branch” and “Khoram abad branch.” had the highest WIF among Islamic Azad Universities (IAU). Conclusion: Results analysis indicated that web designers in these universities must identify how to attract links and web traffic in order to promote the quality and content of websites. However، the ultimate success of a website was dependent upon factors such as quality، size، language، and the approximate age of a website which was not limited to one or two factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host Cities
زهرا نوبخت رمضانیImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collect MoreImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collection method. Also, since the field method is used for data collection, this research is a survey type. The statistical population of the study consisted of sport management and marketing professors, experts from Tehran Province Cultural Heritage and Tourism Bureau, experts from Tehran Bureau of Sport and Youth Affairs, Orumieh, Semnan and business owners and hotel managers, including 151 persons. The purposive non-random sampling method was used as the statistical sample and the questionnaire was distributed among them randomly. The research questionnaire was developed by a researcher whose validity was confirmed by 10 professors and experts using Laosche's coefficient (0.62) and also by exploratory factor analysis. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all factors above 0.7. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to represent demographic information (frequency tables, dispersal and central indices) and inferential statistics were used to respond to the research hypotheses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality of data distribution, KMO test to determine data adequacy, exploratory factor analysis to analyze data and identify key factors, then confirmatory factor analysis method was used to estimate significance, factor loadings and The most important indicators were used. SPSS software version 23 was used to calculate descriptive data and Smart PLS3 software was used for inferential data and confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. The results showed that social factors include cultural model, social relationships, safety and security, customs, living standards of local communities, environmental and economic factors including investment, price of goods and lands and various markets, ease of travel and infrastructure development. The most important social factor was the cultural pattern (3.55) and the least important factor was the living standards of the local communities (3.31). The most important economic factors were investment (3.50) and the least important factor was ease of travel (2.47).The result is that awareness of the economic and social impacts is one of the factors that reduce the unwanted disruption to the life of the host community and maximize the positive economic and social impacts on sport tourism and also create a greater incentive for volunteer communities to earn a host score. income have more impact on the host city. Medium and under development and infrastructure factors had less impact than average. In general, sport tourism has both an economic and a societal impact on the host community. The cultural model was the least important one.Keywords: Sport tourism, social impacts, economic impacts, host community Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Toxic effects of Zinc on gill and liver of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichtys molitrix)
M. Shakoori S. AbdaliOne of the toxic pollutants in aquatic ecosystem is heavy metals. This study aims to elucidate the toxic impact of zinc on the structure of gill and liver in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). This study was conducted at spring 1390 at the International Sturgeon MoreOne of the toxic pollutants in aquatic ecosystem is heavy metals. This study aims to elucidate the toxic impact of zinc on the structure of gill and liver in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). This study was conducted at spring 1390 at the International Sturgeon Research Institute. In this study, after adaptation, 135 fish with the length of 13±1 cm and the weight of 50±10gr were put in one control group and 2 treatment groups contained 0, 5, and 10mg/L (Zn (NO) 3)2 in 90 liter aquariums. Fish were sampled at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The samples of gill and liver in each treatment were immediately fixed in Bouin solution and 5μ sections were stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin general staining method. In histological study of gills, epithelial cell hyperplasia was encountered, that had increased with high metal densities. Initially lamella cells wrinkled and change of formation was observed in chloride cells. This lesion enhanced in higher densities. Fish liver exposed to zinc showed atrophy,cloudiness, swelling, hyperemia, vacuolation and necrosis. These hepatic alterations were more evident in fish exposed to high metal densities. In conclusion, the present study showed that histopathology of liver and gill in silver carp, is a useful biomarker for environmental pollution, since it discriminated between reference and test sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - پذیرش فناوری تولید پیشرفته و سبز: طبقه بندی و مرور
سعید توکلی مقدم -
Open Access Article
139 - پذیرش فناوری تولید پیشرفته و سبز: طبقه بندی و مرور
سعید توکلی مقدم -
Open Access Article
140 - Fuse Maintenance to Solve Protection Problems in Active Distribution Networks in the Presence of Distributed Generation Sources
Mahdi Taleb Bahador Fani Ghazanfar Shahgholian -
Open Access Article
141 - Climate Change Impact on Quality of Life Indicators of Pastoralists (Case study: Rangelands of Haraz River Basin, Mazandaran province, Iran)
Amirhossein kavianpoor Hossein Barani Adel Sepehry Abdolreza Bahremand Hamidreza Moradi -
Open Access Article
142 - Resting Impact on Vegetation Cover of Fescue-Forbs Rangeland in Mongolia
Otgontuya Lkhagvajav Lkhagvajav Namdag Munkhbat Chimed -
Open Access Article
143 - Assessment of Dust Impact on Rangeland and Livestock Production According to Ranchers Opinion (Case Study: Andimeshk District, Iran)
Abed Zeidali Hossein Barani Mohsen Hosseinali Zadeh -
Open Access Article
144 - Tracking of Driving Forces affecting the future of Customs Organization up to the horizon 1410
Bagher Babanejad Mohsen Taheri Demneh Samereh Shojaei mohammad bagher gorjiExpansion of factors affecting an organization levels is one of the major challenges facing organizations in designing a favorable outlook, So Understanding the organization's environment in order to Benefit of opportunities and avoid threats requires a new approach, be MoreExpansion of factors affecting an organization levels is one of the major challenges facing organizations in designing a favorable outlook, So Understanding the organization's environment in order to Benefit of opportunities and avoid threats requires a new approach, beyond the usual methods of planning and forecasting.Strategic foresight is one of the tools for future research. The present exploratory research with a combination of qualitative and quantitative models and with this approach has tracked the driving forces affecting the future of customs. For this purpose, Mega-trends were studied in six areas based on PESTEL and then In an interview with Customs experts, a list of effective factors was identified, which led to the design of a questionnaire with 30 factors. This questionnaire was weighted and completed through a panel of experts. Data analysis by the method of cross impact analysis in Micmac software shows that driving forces such as stakeholders and public expectations, a culture of honesty and the fight against corruption, transparency of laws and facilitation of procedures and virtual customs will have the greatest impact on the future of the Customs, Therefore Macro decision-making, strategic planning and future customs conditions should be outlined according to these driving forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - A Survey on the Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on Power Flow Components
Ferinar Moaidi Masoud Aliakbar Golkar -
Open Access Article
146 - Investigating the social and economic effects of implementing the national smart card in Ardabil province
sydisa karimpoorkulore samad abediniThe present research was conducted with the aim to Investigating the social and economic effects of implementing the national smart card in Ardabil province. Theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of sociological realm of communications such as info MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim to Investigating the social and economic effects of implementing the national smart card in Ardabil province. Theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of sociological realm of communications such as informational society of Herbert Shiler, information and urban change of Manuel Castels, and informational society of Daniel Bel. This research has been done by survey method using questionnaire and SWOT technique. The statistical universe in the survey part consisted of Ardebil citizens from among whom 386 individuals were selected as sample size, while in SWOT part the statistical universe consisted of the registration of personal status organization (general department in Ardebil and other branches in other cities of the province). Six departments who had started giving smart national cards were randomly selected from among twelve departments of the province and questionnaires were given to them. Fifty senior managers of that organization in Ardebil province attempted to identify the weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and strengths of national smart card plan in the province and the following results were obtained: the strengths consisted of the presence of a central organization dedicated to identity cases in the country, and location of personal information in the form of data base inside the card. Weaknesses consisted of lack of post code on the cards, and low quality of pictures on the cards. In the part of opportunities, the increase in social security resulted from the regulation of personal information, and creating necessary background for electronic government were remarkable. And finally in the part of threats, the possibility of misuse of the cards because of location of some cities of the province in the border regions, and In the second place, by taking another person's card and logging in to their user account, its possible that actions were taken against her, were identified as noteable cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Life cycle assessment of peanut production in sole cropping and mixed intercropping with bean systems
Saeed Firouzi Amin NikkhahToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of pea MoreToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of peanut) Arachis hypogaea L.( and peanut with bean )Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercrop farming systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. Primary data were obtained through interviews with 136 farmers in Kiashahr region of Guilan province, Iran. Global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, land use, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources were seven groups involved in this study. The results showed that the NH3 emission had the greatest impact in terms of the acidification and eutrophication in both peanut cultivation systems. The environmental index (EcoX) values of the peanut sole cropping and intercropping with bean were determined as 0.68 and 0.42, respectively. Resource depletion index (RDI) also were calculated as 3.61 and 2.69, for sole and intercropping systems, respectively. Depletion of fossil fuels and terrestrial eutrophication had the greatest environmental impacts in terms of categories and depletion of resources in both cultivation systems. Overall, the environmental impacts of peanut-bean intercropping were less than the peanut sole cropping system in all seven impact categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A survey on the ecological sustainability of introducing new crops in the cropping pattern using emergy approach
samin fallahinejad mohammad Armin Mohammad AsgharipourEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using MoreEmergy analysis is an appropriate strategy for assessing the sustainability of agricultural production systems in a region. In this study, the sustainability of production of four widely grown crops, including wheat and barley,sugar beet and saffron were compared using emergy approach in Khoushab County, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The total supporting emergy for wheat, barley, sugar beet and saffron was respectively 2.32E+16, 1.91E+16, 4.95E+16, and 2.04E+16 sej ha-1. The greatest portion of renewable environmental resources were obtained in sugar beet production systems (4.1% of total emergy), and non-renewable environmental resources occurred in barley production systems (55.7% of total emergy). Saffron production systems showed the greatest portion of renewable and non-renewable purchased resources (40.80 and 36.48%). Introduction of saffron and sugar beet as new crops in a given region, compared to wheat and barley as preceding crops in the cropping pattern, caused enhancement in renewable emergy ratio, environmental loading ratio, modified environmental sustainability index, and emergy input ratio, while decreased emergy yield ratio, modified environmental loading ratio, environmental sustainability index, and sustainable development emergy index. Saffron and sugar beet production as new introduced crops to the region resulted in the highest modified environmental sustainability index. Although the environmental loading ratio index of saffron cultivation was higher than other production systems, modified environmental loading ratio was lower than the three other production systems. Therefore, saffron can be recommended as a sustainable crop that has put the lowest pressure on environmental resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Effects of Environmental Factors on Green Marketing Performance (Case Study: Shirin Asal Company)
reza rostamzadeh asghar alimohammadi siyabanDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in man MoreDuring the recent decades, concern about environment has not only become a major public issue, but also a critical one in academic research, and, as a result, the ecological products market has been growing worldwide. Green marketing activities are thus expanding in many parts of the world offering products to green who make their purchase decisions, to some extent, based on their personal environmental criteria. These activities have a major impact on expanding consumers’ knowledge and changing their attitude towards purchasing green products. Food industry is one of the magnificent elements of the economic and has a major role in industrial development of a country, furthermore, its wide operations from production to distribution and consumption has the significant role in the economy of the countries .The aim of this dissertation is analyzing the effect of Ecological strategies on the performance of Green marketing in Shirin Asal Food Industry. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques as a tools for accessing the validity and reliability of measure. This model and the result show that ecological strategies affect the financial performance, market performance, and the quality of services to consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Influence of Chemical Fertilizers and Animal Manure on Morphological Traits of Medicinal Plants in Northern Iran
JABER MEHDINIYA AFRA1 EBRAHIM HABIBI AMIN FATHI AMMARA SALEEM FATEMEH GHADIMI SHIMA KHAZAINEZHAD ROGHAYEH REZAZADEH TAHMINEH DANAFAR YASAMAN KHEYRI FATEMEH NOZARI ZAHRA AVISH -
Open Access Article
151 - Impact of Calcium Supplementation on Photosynthetic Pigments, Compatible Osmolytes Contents and Membrane Stability Index in Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) Exposed to Salinity Stress
Malihe Jahani Mohammad Reza Hadi Mojtaba Jafarinia Sedighe Jahani -
Open Access Article
152 - بررسی رفتار سازه های فلزی دو لایه هم جنس و غیرهم جنس تحت بارگذاری ضربه سرعت پائین
هادی خرّمی شاد محمد باقری توفیقیدر تحقیق حاضر رفتار مکانیکی سازه­های فلزی دو لایه تحت بارگذاری ضربه­ای سرعت پایین بصورت آزمایشگاهی و عددی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. آزمایشات تجربی برای اعتبارسنجی نتایج مدسازی عددی استفاده شده است. سپس با استفاده از مدلسازی عددی، رفتار سازه­های متورق بطور م Moreدر تحقیق حاضر رفتار مکانیکی سازه­های فلزی دو لایه تحت بارگذاری ضربه­ای سرعت پایین بصورت آزمایشگاهی و عددی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. آزمایشات تجربی برای اعتبارسنجی نتایج مدسازی عددی استفاده شده است. سپس با استفاده از مدلسازی عددی، رفتار سازه­های متورق بطور مفصل مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. سازه­های فلزی چند لایه بسته به جنس مادی لایههای آنها تحت بارگذاری ضربهای میتوانند رفتار متفاوتی از خود نشان دهند. لایه­های فلزی از چهار جنس پرکاربرد در این صنعت انتخاب شده­اند و تمامی لایهچینی­های ممکن در یک سازه­ی دو لایه­ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاکی از آنست که در بین سازه­های چندلایه با جنس لایههای یکسان، سازه فولادی بیشترین نیروی تماسی و کمترین مدت زمان تماس را دارا میباشد. درصورتیکه سازه سربی بیشترین مقدار جابجایی ماکزیمم و بیشترین مقدار انرژی اتلافی را نشان میدهد. در سازههای غیرهمجنس اگر لایهای که در مقابل ضربه قرار می­گیرد از آلومینیوم 6061-T6 باشد، بیشترین نیروی تماسی زمانی اتفاق می­افتد که لایه­ی دوم از فولاد باشد و بیشترین جابجایی زمانی اتفاق می­افتد که لایه­ی دوم از سرب باشد. میانگین نتایج خروجی نیروی تماسی، برای سازه­هایی که لایه­ی فولادی در برابر ضربه قرار گرفته است، بیشترین مقدار را نشان می­دهد. بیشترین میزان میانگین فرورفتگی نیز متعلق به سازه­هایی است که لایه سربی در برابر ضربه قرار گرفته است. نتایج بدست آمده در این تحقیق به طراح کمک میکند تا بهترین لایه­چینی را با توجه به هدف طراحی تعیین کند. نتایج مدلسازی اجزای محدود با نتایج آزمایشگاهی و همچنین نتایج دیگر محققین قرابت خوبی داشتهاند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - شبیه سازی عددی برخورد پرتابههای سرعت پایین با سطح آب
نجمه خضرائیان ناصر دشتیان گرامی در این مقاله با استفاده از روش المان محدود و فرمول­بندی اولری-لاگرانژی برخورد سازه هایی با سطح آب مورد شبیه­سازی عددی قرار گرفته است. برای بیان رفتار آب و هوا از مدل مادی نول و برای سازه های برخورد کننده از مدل­ مادی صلب استفاده شده است. معادله حالت ما More در این مقاله با استفاده از روش المان محدود و فرمول­بندی اولری-لاگرانژی برخورد سازه هایی با سطح آب مورد شبیه­سازی عددی قرار گرفته است. برای بیان رفتار آب و هوا از مدل مادی نول و برای سازه های برخورد کننده از مدل­ مادی صلب استفاده شده است. معادله حالت مای گرونایزن نیز به آب و هوا نسبت داده شده است. در این مقاله، در ابتدا با استفاده از تحلیل برخورد استوانه فلزی با سطح آب، نتایج مورد اعتبار سنجی قرار گرفت و سپس برخورد یک گوه، کره و یک پرتابه خاص شبیه سازی شد. از خروجی­های مهم این نحلیل استخراج نیرو و فشار وارد بر پرتابه، تغییرات سرعت و شتاب در حین ورود به آب، تغییرات تنش-کرنش و نیز تغییرات سطح آب در مراحل مختلف تحلیل هستند. نتایج حاصل از شبیه سازی برای استوانه با نتایج آزمایشگاهی موجود تطابق خوبی نشان می­­ دهد و نتایج حاصله برای دیگر پرتابه­ها دارای روند منطقی هستند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Developing a method based on matrixes and multi-criteria decision making approaches for environmental assessment of dams (A Case study)
Mohammad Reza Jangjoo -
Open Access Article
155 - The Impact of Modernity in Changing the Lifestyle of Baloch Families
Farahnaz YousefiSince the family system in Balochistan is a traditional religious type and also the trend of modernity has affected various societies, so the Baloch community is no exception. The purpose of this article is to address the impact and reflection of modernity on the lifest MoreSince the family system in Balochistan is a traditional religious type and also the trend of modernity has affected various societies, so the Baloch community is no exception. The purpose of this article is to address the impact and reflection of modernity on the lifestyle of traditional Baloch families and the method in this research is descriptive-analytical. It should be noted that the library method for reviewing the texts and content of the materials used, relies more on scientific articles. In this research, field methods such as the author's observations and experiences, conversations with a number of university women and religious leaders, and a questionnaire have also been used. This article is inspired by the theory of modernization, which is used to explain the process of modernization in societies. After defining modernity and discussing the results, it indicates that today's generation does not adhere to the traditional teachings of the family and this issue will face more challenges over time. In other words, in contrast to tradition and modernity, modern values gradually marginalize traditional values. To deal with this phenomenon, traditional methods alone cannot be of much use, but a modern approach must be taken to confront modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on social-political development Case Study of Kurdistan Province
Seyyed Rahmat Ollah Barzanjeh Atry Malek taj KhosraviFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social pol MoreFrom a public welfare perspective, public policy is the concept of studying and reviewing the social and welfare services of the state. These services are non-political and mainly include housing, social security, social work, and education. The main goal of social policy is to reduce inequality and improve human well-being, including health, nutrition, employment, and other public services. With this definition, the present paper addresses the impact of public policy in terms of general welfare on the social policies of the Iranian government, with emphasis on the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. This research is applied research whose task is not scientific discovery and its main objective is to test and investigate the possibility of using existing knowledge in order to be able to solve specific policy issues from the perspective of general welfare and to assist agents to carry out their duties. The results of this study, which were conducted using the Delphi method, show that Kendall's agreement coefficient is higher than 0.4 and considering the lower level of significance level from 0.05, it can be said that Kendall's consensus coefficient is significant and At 95% confidence level, the consensus among experts has existed. The closer the Kendall agreement is to one closer, the more consensus among the experts will be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - On Stylistic features of Mongols period (second Part)
Ismaeil HakemiThis piece of writing is the second part of late Dr Forozanfar’s lectures given at TehranUniversity in 1335, compiled and revised by Dr Hakemi. The notes discuss various issues such as the impact of Mongols culture and dictum on the works from the 7th century onwa MoreThis piece of writing is the second part of late Dr Forozanfar’s lectures given at TehranUniversity in 1335, compiled and revised by Dr Hakemi. The notes discuss various issues such as the impact of Mongols culture and dictum on the works from the 7th century onwards; the influence of Sufism and mysticism on the prose and poetry, also the impact of the Race and Religion on Literature and Culture of the époque. In narrating Dr Forozanfar's words attempt is made to remain true to his multi dimentional references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Fables and tales in European Literature (Victorian Age- 19th Century)
Fereshteh NaseriIn this article attempt is made to point out briefly the following subjects: The impact of Old Persian Literary works such as Thousand and one nights on European Literature Formation and development of a bond between the west and the East, as well as discussing the inf MoreIn this article attempt is made to point out briefly the following subjects: The impact of Old Persian Literary works such as Thousand and one nights on European Literature Formation and development of a bond between the west and the East, as well as discussing the influential factors involved Interchange of cultures, Occidental Literature meets Oriental Literature Introducing great literary figures of the Victorian Age and their works inspired by the Oriental Literature. Manuscript profile
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