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Open Access Article
1 - Optical and structural characterization of CdSe:Eu films at different volumes of europium concentration.
Diemiruaye Jeroh Azubike Ekpunobi Donald Okoli -
Open Access Article
2 - Dynamical and transport properties in plasmas including three-particle spatial correlations
Hakima Ababsa Med Tayeb Meftah Thouria Chohra -
Open Access Article
3 - An Improved Junction-Based Directional Routing Protocol (IJDRP) for VANETs
Bharat Mahaur Aishwarya Gupta -
Open Access Article
4 - Introducing a new inefficiency source due to inappropriate price selection in a Non-Competitive Environment in Data Envelopment Analysis (a case study in the Imam Khomeini Oil Refinery Company of Shazand in Iran)
Elham Rezaei hezaveh Reza Fallahnejad Masoud Sanei Mohammad IzadikhahData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the MoreData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an appropriate tool for estimating various types of efficiency including Cost Efficiency (CE). Identifying and identifying inefficiency resources plays an important role in analyzing unit performance in order to plan for improving the status of Decision Making Units (DMUs). Now , if information on the inputs and outputs and pricing information of the evaluated units is available, we can calculate the lack of profit and revenue and cost optimization with respect to their inefficiencies. In this paper, we intend to determine the production possibility set (PPS) a new price and a new cost, based on which a new inefficient source and a new source selection of price vectors in a non competitive environment (that is , in the event of a possible change of loss due to the incorrect in Input prices And outputs from the Decision Making Unit to other Decision Making Units (DMUs)). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Explaining the relationship between the audit quality and the company's operational efficiency by considering the criterion of the auditor's tenure in the industry and the size of the auditor
farzaneh pourtaheraghdam hashem nikoomaram fereydoon rahnamaThe present study explains the relationship between the audit quality and the company's operational efficiency, taking into account the criterion of the auditor's tenure in the industry and the size of the auditor for 108 companies active in the stock exchange during th MoreThe present study explains the relationship between the audit quality and the company's operational efficiency, taking into account the criterion of the auditor's tenure in the industry and the size of the auditor for 108 companies active in the stock exchange during the period from 2011 to 2020 and using the static panel model. According to the estimation results of the model; Subsections of audit quality features include; The size of the auditor and the continuity of the auditor's tenure are significant on the operational efficiency of listed companies, in other words, if the size of the auditor increases by one unit, the operational efficiency of the companies increases by 10 units, and if the continuity of the auditor's tenure as an indicator of the audit quality of a unit increases, the operational efficiency increases. Companies increase by 4 units. According to the results of this research, it can be predicted that the continuity of tenure of auditors and audit institutions with larger size (such as audit organization) compared to other institutions, increases the reliability of accrual items of commercial units. Therefore, it can be recommended to the general assemblies of the companies to use larger audit institutions for the audit of their company. Information that is an inseparable part of the decision-making process, the more transparent and accessible it is, it can lead to more correct decisions in the field of optimal allocation of resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Relationship between the quality of internal and external corporate governance and the Risk Sentiment of annual reports using static and dynamic models
akram taftiyan ali jalaliInvestor sentiment relates to investors' subjective beliefs about cash flows and investment risks. This type of sentiment has a consistent effect on stock prices. Ownership and governance factors may play a critical role in corporate risk reporting because managers for MoreInvestor sentiment relates to investors' subjective beliefs about cash flows and investment risks. This type of sentiment has a consistent effect on stock prices. Ownership and governance factors may play a critical role in corporate risk reporting because managers for shareholders prepare annual reports. The main purpose of the current research is the relationship between the quality of internal and external corporate governance and the risk Sentiment of annual reports. For this purpose, 130 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2008 and 2022 were selected by the systematic elimination method, and in order to increase the degree of confidence in the results of the hypothesis test, the regression method of static and dynamic panel data was used. To measure the sense of risk, the vocabulary frequency method has been used. According to the research findings, in both static and dynamic states, weak corporate governance has a positive relationship with risk Sentiment and strong corporate governance has a negative relationship with risk Sentiment. In addition, the Hirschman index variable has no relationship with risk perception. The existence of internal and external corporate governance reduces inefficient investments and makes managers make optimal and efficient investment decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A computational study of Nitramide adsorption on the surface of pristine and Ni functionalized (4,4) armchair Gallium nitride nanotubes
Mahdi Rezaei Sameti -
Open Access Article
8 - Binding Data Analysis for Interaction of n- Alkyl Sulfates with Insulin
M. Keshavarz A.K Bordbar K Zare H. Aghaei -
Open Access Article
9 - Thermodynamic Analysis for Cationic Surfactants Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin
Abdol-Khalegh Bordbar -
Open Access Article
10 - Density functional theory study of the structural properties of cis-trans isomers of bis-(5-nitro-2H-tetrazolato-N2) tetraammine cobalt (III) perchlorate (BNCP)
Mehdi Nabati -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Aluminum, Gallium, Indium- Doping on the Zigzag (5, 0) Boron-Nitride Nanotubes: DFT, NMR, Vibrational, Thermodynamic Parameters and Electrostatic Potential Map with Electrophilicity Studies
Reza Soleymani -
Open Access Article
12 - Identification and Representation of Static and Dynamic Districts in the Geography of Elections in Guilan Province
Zahra Pishgahi Fard Roghayeh Sharifi ChabokiAfter the Islamic Revolution in Iran, during the years since 1979 to 2011, we haveobserved 8 terms of parliament elections in Iran. During these terms, political partiesand factions played an important and sensitive role in elections and assignation ofparliament members MoreAfter the Islamic Revolution in Iran, during the years since 1979 to 2011, we haveobserved 8 terms of parliament elections in Iran. During these terms, political partiesand factions played an important and sensitive role in elections and assignation ofparliament members.The main goal of this paper is to identify and discover dynamic and static districtsbased on factions and representatives in 8 terms of parliament election after theIslamic Revolution of Iran. The studied district in this research is Guilan Province thathas highly participated in political cooperation and elections in Iran during 8 terms ofparliament elections.This paper with analytical method and by using Geographical Information System(GIS) is attempting to answer the following questions that if there is dynamic andstatic districts for factions and representatives in Guilan Province? In case of existenceof static districts, political direction of the selective districts of Guilan Province istoward which party?The gained results in this research show that during 8 terms of elections of theIslamic Parliament in Guilan Province, some of elective districts of Guilan Provinceare dynamic and some other are static, and tendency of major of representatives andresidences of selective districts are toward right party. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Reduction of cavitation in the hydraulic jump pond of the cooling tower by stepping the end sill
Ehsan Behjati Amir Khosrojerdi Ali SaremiIntroduction: Cooling towers are an important and vital part of industrial units that are used for water cooling that is used in the cooling processes of systems in power plants, refineries and other industrial units. One of the important components of towers is the rel MoreIntroduction: Cooling towers are an important and vital part of industrial units that are used for water cooling that is used in the cooling processes of systems in power plants, refineries and other industrial units. One of the important components of towers is the relaxation pool, the main role of which is to collect water for transfer to the system, the number of suction pools is usually designed according to the number of each pump. One of the important tasks of the relaxation pool structure in this structure is energy dissipation. In this regard, usually in this pond, the hydraulic structure of the hydraulic jump is used for energy dissipation. In the hydraulic jump process, the current changes from supercritical to subcritical. This causes a loss of flow energy. In cooling ponds, downstream slope is usually used to control the hydraulic jump. In cooling ponds, downstream slope is usually used to control the hydraulic jump. Various studies have shown that using stairs instead of ramps can greatly increase energy loss in the relaxation pool. In this study, by replacing the stepped surface with a sloping surface, the effects of this process on flow lines as well as its effects on cavitation are investigated.Method: In this research, the Fluent numerical model is used to numerically model the flow around the structure of the cooling tower calm pond. In this regard, the dimensions of the relaxation pool in the concrete cooling tower are very important from an engineering point of view and should be designed in such a way that the operating conditions of the pumps are safe. Existence of high velocities and pressure drop in the dischargers causes serious problems related to the occurrence of cavitation phenomenon. Since modeling a physical model usually requires a lot of time and money, a numerical model calibrated with laboratory data was used to follow this research. In this study, due to the recognition of destructive eddy currents created around the lower valve when the valve is opened, hydraulic optimization of the relaxation pool and the appropriate width of the relaxation pool in refineries is one of the objectives of this study.Results: The study of increasing the flow in numerical modeling showed that with increasing the flow due to the increase in energy loss due to the stepping of the end threshold, the water height in the calm pool decreases significantly. This drop is estimated at an average of about 67%. Also, the results of water level profiles showed that the threshold of the end of the pond in a stepped manner, has a greater drop than the sloping conditions. Also, in exchange for higher discharges, this drop will move to higher values. Therefore, in the numerical model, the flow conditions on the stairs were analyzed at minimum and maximum flow. Regarding the study of pressure drop in the relaxation pool, it can be stated that the development of flow in the pool section based on increasing the width and height of the duct increases the amount of velocity during the discharge, which has led to pressure drop. Conclusion: The results of the study of cavitation number along the pond indicate that for the ratio of water depth to the width of the pond less than 1.82, the possibility of cavitation during the pond will be reduced. Also, depleting blocks in the pond have a positive effect on improving hydraulic performance, which leads to increased energy dissipation and jump stabilization, reduced speed, length, height of hydraulic jump and also reduces the risk of cation compared to the case without depleting blocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Determination of Some Physical Properties of Pistachio Nut and Its Kernel (Qazvini Varieties)
mohammad gholami porshokohi milad mohammadi shamami shahram mohseni ali mashallah kermani ehsan abdolalizadehIntroduction: Understanding the physical and mechanical characteristics and knowledge of agricultural products are important and vital and knowledge steps for post harvesting storage and preservation. In this study, several physical properties of the Qazvinian cultivars MoreIntroduction: Understanding the physical and mechanical characteristics and knowledge of agricultural products are important and vital and knowledge steps for post harvesting storage and preservation. In this study, several physical properties of the Qazvinian cultivars (Qazvini and Boein zahra) of pistachio nut and their kernel and the effect of different levels of moisture content on their characteristics were evaluated.Materials and Methods: Physical properties that consisted of dimensional specifications such as three major diameter (length, width, thickness), unit mass, sphericity, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, true volume, true density, bulk density, porosity and the static coefficient of friction at five levels of moisture content (3.5%, 12%, 19.5%, 27%,35.5% ) were measured.Results: The results of this investigation concerned with geometrical properties indicated that moisture had significant effects on the dimension, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter,sphericity, surface area of pistachio nut and its kernel in both cultivars.Conclusion: By increasing the moisture content, all the listed properties of both cultivars (Qazvini and Boein Zahra) have been increased. The highest static coefficient of friction for Qazvini and Boein Zahra cultivars is on aluminum and the lowest is on plastic surfaces. The kernels of Qazvini and Boein Zahra pistachio, had the highest coefficient on wood and the lowest coefficient on plastic and glass surfaces respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Impact of Input Material on Compost Quality Using Aerated Static Piles in Rural Areas (Case Study: Sooleghan Village)
Ghasemali Omrani Mohammad Ali Abdoli Mahyar SafaBackground and objective:In this study the process of producing bio-compost from rural separated solid wastes using aerated static piles method was investigated. The combination of waste ingredients, conditions and duration of processing, analysis of key parameters gove MoreBackground and objective:In this study the process of producing bio-compost from rural separated solid wastes using aerated static piles method was investigated. The combination of waste ingredients, conditions and duration of processing, analysis of key parameters governing the process, the quality of the final product as well as economic assessment of costs and revenues were the most important parameters that were considered. Materials and Methods: After the separation of rural wastes, two compost piles, one containing 100 percent of putrescible wastes and another one containing 75% putrescible wastes and 25% of cow dung were created. To better estimating the variables related to process maturity and identifying the errors, three replications were applied. Four main variables including: moisture, pH, temperature and carbon to nitrogen ratio were measured for each of the piles. Comprehensive statistical analysis including the comparison of the variables, correlation between variables and analysis of one-way variance was performed for the measured parameters. Findings: Total Coliform reduction in both kinds of waste compositions observed in approximately about 3log. Reduction of parasite eggs in piles containing 100% organic wastes was about 75.8% and in piles containing 75% organic wastes & 25% cow dung obtained about 95%. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and nickel, were not found in the piles. For finished compost the average of C/N and pH were recorded 12.35 & 8.05 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion:Comparing the final product by Iranian, American and Canadian standards showed that static method stabilized solid wastes in both kinds of piles and eventually was led to the production of good compost. The economic evaluation showed that the internal rate of return (IRR) for producing compost, using aerated static piles method, is equal to 12.4%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Inspiration of Nature in Training of Architecture
Ali Sharghi Abdolhamid GhanbaranToday، theoretical sciences are practiced through experimental and practical activities. In other words، sciences such as physics and biology، which are derived from nature، have turned into fundamental bases for the study of other subjects such as arts and architecture MoreToday، theoretical sciences are practiced through experimental and practical activities. In other words، sciences such as physics and biology، which are derived from nature، have turned into fundamental bases for the study of other subjects such as arts and architecture. Taking architectural ideas out of natural features is being widely used in modern architects' works (such as the Fractal and Revolutionary ideas)، so a need arises here to find some media to generalize scientific details in different fields and apply them to the details in architecture. To find these intermediaries، the involved process is moving from instances to the generalities to reflect them in architectural instances of expressing natural features directly in the architectural forms which must be avoided and instead we should observe general rules of nature and then reflect them in the architecture. The process of 'from slight to whole and from whole to slight' or the so-called 'architectural creativity' will result in prominent and lasting works in our provided architecture that they are derived from natural observations. The subject-matter has been dealt with in this article. The article consists three major parts as fallows. • A study of religious، mystical and functional aspects، as well as the philosophy of nature. • Looking for some principles governing natural phenomenon which could be useful in generating forms. • A study of natural forms for architects and designers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in Sulfuric Acid Solution by 2-Hydropyrimidine-2-Thione Derivative
Laya Nejati Moghadam Effat Jamalizadeh Zahra Hassani Amir Hossein Jafari -
Open Access Article
18 - Characterization in The Star of August by Sonallah Ibrahim
Khalil Parvini Kobra Roshanfekr Alireza KaheAfter the movements that Egypt witnessed in the second half of twentieth century, realist novelists tried to depict the realities of the society with new perspectives and used a new structural pattern in their writings. With this regard the role of character which has a MoreAfter the movements that Egypt witnessed in the second half of twentieth century, realist novelists tried to depict the realities of the society with new perspectives and used a new structural pattern in their writings. With this regard the role of character which has a determining factor in realist novels went through changes concerning characterization and depicting their temperament in novels with the neorealist approach. Sonallah Ibrahim is one of the most prominent authors of the 60’s with neorealist approach evident in his works. The novel The Star of August (1974) is an example of his efforts to diverge from the common styles of characterization of that time. In this novel there is no trace of Hero in the traditional sense and style and the main character of the novel is an ordinary person who has no fame. The minor characters of the story also are all static till the end of the story and they are introduced only by name or job. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Optimize the Number, Locating, and Sizing of D-STATCOM and DGs Using GA Algorithm
mohammad khadem mostafa esmaeilbeigRecently the use of AC transmission system (FACTS) devices and distributed generation resources as technology in power and distribution systems is increasing. This equipment affects various parameters such as voltage profile, line losses, short circuit current, stabilit MoreRecently the use of AC transmission system (FACTS) devices and distributed generation resources as technology in power and distribution systems is increasing. This equipment affects various parameters such as voltage profile, line losses, short circuit current, stability, and reliability of the system, and therefore determining the optimal installation location, their number and size are one of the important issues that are considered because the installation of these devices and Resources in non-optimal locations increase system losses and negatively affect voltage profiles and other system parameters. In this paper, the simultaneous optimization of the number, location, and size of distributed generation resources and static synchronous compensation is used and in order to solve the optimization problem, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used. For this purpose, a multi-objective function including operating costs and generation of distributed generation resources and static synchronous compensation and system load capacity are presented and the simulation results were analyzed for two 33 and 69 IEEE standard networks. The results show that with increasing system load, the cost increases because the number of equipment related to distributed generation sources and static synchronous compensator increases. Also, the simultaneous optimization and placement of this equipment reduces costs and increases the load capacity of the distribution system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A theoretical study on the nature of formaldehyde adsroption on the C58BN heterofullerene using DFT
Ehsan Zahedi majid mozaffari Malihe ArabIn this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correct MoreIn this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correction terms. Adsorption of formaldehyde via the bonding of oxygen atom to boron and carbon atom to nitrogen leads to the delocalization of oxygen lone pairs to the empty orbital of boron atom, formation of a strong covalent bond and consequently stability of system. Topological parameters based on the AIM theory, density of state spectrums, and the maps of molecular electrostatic potentials indicated that the adsorption of formaldehyde on the studied positions are covalent in nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - On the F2@C60 complex from the perspective of DFT Energy Partitioning Schemes
Mojtaba AlipourIn this work, we propose to use two formalisms of energy partitioning schemes from density functional theory to peruse what energetic components govern the origin of intermolecular interactions in F2@C60 complex. The components in conventional energy partition schemes a MoreIn this work, we propose to use two formalisms of energy partitioning schemes from density functional theory to peruse what energetic components govern the origin of intermolecular interactions in F2@C60 complex. The components in conventional energy partition schemes are the noninteracting kinetic, electrostatic, and exchange-correlation energies, while in the modern approach the total electronic energy is decomposed into three independent components as steric, electrostatic, and fermionic quantum. Different interacting neutral and charged units to form the F2@C60 complexes are considered as working models. With more or less different roles of different energetic terms, it is shown that the noninteracting kinetic, steric and exchange-correlation effects are the dominant factors contributing to the total interaction energy of the most stable complex, namely the triplet state of F2-@C60+ arising from the doublet charged interacting units, F2- and C60+. Reasonable and meaningful relationships among the ingredients of the two partitioning schemes under study have been observed, where the role of the aforementioned contributions is showcased. The findings of this study can pave the way to appreciate important contributions affecting the intermolecular interactions in endohedral complexes not only for future experimental and computational design but also for theoretical developments of novel energy partitioning schemes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Genetic Algorithm and ANN for Estimation of SPIV of Micro Beams
M. Heidari -
Open Access Article
23 - Energy Absorption by Thin-Walled Tubes with various Thicknesses in Rectangular and Square Sections under Different Quasi-Static Conditions: Experimental and Numerical Studies
K. Hoseini Safari Y. Mohammadi Sajjad Dehghanpour -
Open Access Article
24 - Precision Force Measurement and Control in Micro Ultrasonic Machining
Hamid Zarepour Firouzabadi -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation of the Effect of V-Clamp Band Design Parameters on the Bending and Axial Stiffness of the Flanged Joints
SeyyedAbdolSajjad Borhani AliAkbar Lotfi neyestanak Ali davar -
Open Access Article
26 - Numerical Study of Microbeam with Geometric Discontinuity Under Electrostatic Load using Strain Gradient Theory
Hadi Hamidizadeh Mahmoud Mousavi Mashhadi Younes Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
27 - Design and Fabrication of a Composite Energy Absorber
Hamid Reza Shalian Mohammad Hossein Alaee Jafar Eskandari Jam Mohsen Heydari Beni Majid Eskandari Shahraki Naser Asiaban -
Open Access Article
28 - Design of Structure for a Heavy Duty Mineral Tow Machine by Evaluating the Dynamic and Static Loads
Mehdi Akhondizadeh Meysam Atashafrooz -
Open Access Article
29 - Experimental and Numerical Study of Lateral Loadings on the Composite Tubes with SMA and Aluminum Wires and Without Wire
sajjad dehghanpour Mohsen Rahmani -
Open Access Article
30 - Experimental and Numerical Study of In-Plane Loading of Thin-Walled Tubes with Different Section Shapes and Wall Thickness
sajjad dehghanpour Ali Alavi Nia -
Open Access Article
31 - Identification of Communities on Static Social Networks
Maliheh Ghasemzadeh Mohsen Ashourian -
Open Access Article
32 - Effect of Reactive Power Static Compensator on Transient Stability in Power Systems
S. Mohammadali Zanjani Ghazanfar Shahgholian Mehdi Mahdavian Farhad MesrinejadWith the rapid progress of semiconductors in the level of voltage and power of the power system as well as the progress of control systems, compensators with high flexibility and performance range have been designed and built to increase the flexibility of energy transm MoreWith the rapid progress of semiconductors in the level of voltage and power of the power system as well as the progress of control systems, compensators with high flexibility and performance range have been designed and built to increase the flexibility of energy transmission systems. to be These compensators installed in power systems are called flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS). One of the most important advantages of FACTS devices in the transmission system is to increase the transient stability margin of the power system by controlling the active and reactive power of the line during the occurrence of a fault in the system. In this article, the effect of one FACTS device with parallel connection, i.e. static compensator, on transient stability is investigated. The studied system is a two-machine power system including a hydropower plant and a local power plant. The simulation results show the effect of the compensator on the damping of electric power angle fluctuations. Also, the simulation results show the lack of influence of the compensator on the transmission active power in the transmission line. The simulation results have been obtained using Simulink MATLAB software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Design and Simulation of a Low-Power Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) Cell based on FinFET Transistor
Fatemeh Zolfaghari Sichani Mohammad Rouhollah Yazdani Atefeh Salimi Maryam MonemianFin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) are good alternatives to conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) because of their potential for controlling the effects of short channel, leakage current, propagation delay and power loss. Since SR MoreFin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) are good alternatives to conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) because of their potential for controlling the effects of short channel, leakage current, propagation delay and power loss. Since SRAMs occupy most of the advanced processors’ space, main power consumption in these processors is attributed to these memories. In a common 6-transistor static random access memory (6T SRAM) cell, the capacitors of both bit lines must be charged and discharged when reading and writing tasks are performed. Thus, most of the power consumption is related to this mechanism. In this paper, 7-Transistor static random-access memory (7T SRAM) cell is proposed that is able to write using one of the bit lines. The results of simulation using HSPICE software and in 32 nm technology show that the power consumption of this cell during write operation when the value "0" is stored in the cell is at most 98.6% and it has decreased by 99.8% when the value "1" is present in the cell. Also, the amount of Static Noise Margin (SNM) in standby and cell reading modes is equal to 0.2025 and 0.2011 volts respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - A New Dynamic Equivalent Model for Microgrids Including Distributed Generation Units and Static Compensators
Behrooz ZakerDue to the expansion and increasing penetration level of distributed generation units which are usually inertialess or low inertia, new challenges have arisen in power system studies. Thus, in power system studies, microgrids which may have numerous distributed generati MoreDue to the expansion and increasing penetration level of distributed generation units which are usually inertialess or low inertia, new challenges have arisen in power system studies. Thus, in power system studies, microgrids which may have numerous distributed generation units should be modelled and simulated that is very time consuming and complex. Therefore, dynamic equivalencing of microgrids in order to reduce computation burden and complexity is inevitable. In this paper, a new method for dynamic equivalencing of microgrids that includes inverter-based generation units and DSTATCOMs is proposed. The proposed equivalent model is a physical one which includes components such as equivalent converter, controller, resistance, reactance and equivalent load. Using the measurement data at the point of common coupling and utilizing optimization procedure, the parameters of the equivalent model will be identified. The proposed method is applied to IEEE 33-bus test system to show its accuracy and effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Shallow Spherical Shells Under External Hydrostatic Pressure
M Hosseini F Karami -
Open Access Article
36 - On Static Bending, Elastic Buckling and Free Vibration Analysis of Symmetric Functionally Graded Sandwich Beams
A.S Sayyad P.V Avhad -
Open Access Article
37 - An Efficient Finite Element Formulation Based on Deformation Approach for Bending of Functionally Graded Beams
H Ziou M Himeur H Guenfoud M Guenfoud -
Open Access Article
38 - Static Bending Analysis of Foam Filled Orthogonally Rib-Stiffened Sandwich Panels: A Mathematical Model
S Soleimanian A Davar J Eskandari Jam M Heydari Beni -
Open Access Article
39 - Vibration Analysis of a Magneto Thermo Electrical Nano Fiber Reinforced with Graphene Oxide Powder Under Refined Beam Model
R Selvamani J Rexy F Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
40 - Considering Bending and Vibration of Homogeneous Nanobeam Coated by a FG Layer
H Salehipour M Jamshidi A Shahsavar -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparative Analysis of Energy Absorption Capacity of Single and Nested Metal Matrix Composite Tubes Under Quasi-Static Lateral and Axial Loading
S Dehghanpour K Hosseini Safari F Barati M.M Attar -
Open Access Article
42 - Assessment of Different Mathematical Models for Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact on Composite Plates in Presence of Pre-loads
A Davar A Labbafian Mashhadi J Eskandari Jam M Heydari Beni -
Open Access Article
43 - Dynamic and Quasi-Static Plastic Behavior of Single and Nested Thin-Walled Square Tubes Under Lateral Loading
B Shabani S Gohari Rad A Alijani R Rajabiehfard -
Open Access Article
44 - Mechanical Behavior of an Electrostatically-Actuated Microbeam under Mechanical Shock
M Fathalilou A Motallebi H Yagubizade Gh Rezazadeh K Shirazi Y Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of Electric Potential Distribution on Electromechanical Behavior of a Piezoelectrically Sandwiched Micro-Beam
A Shah-Mohammadi-Azar G Rezazadeh R Shabani -
Open Access Article
46 - Dynamic Characteristics and Vibrational Response of a Capacitive Micro-Phase Shifter
M Fathalilou M Sadeghi S Afrang G Rezazadeh -
Open Access Article
47 - Hygrothermal Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates by Using Efficient Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory
S.K Singh A Chakrabarti -
Open Access Article
48 - Consolidation Around a Heat Source in an Isotropic Fully Saturated Rock with Porous Structure in Quasi-Static State
N Das Gupta N.C Das -
Open Access Article
49 - Application of Piezoelectric and Functionally Graded Materials in Designing Electrostatically Actuated Micro Switches
A Hosseinzadeh M.T Ahmadian -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effects of Carbon Nanotube Orientation and Aggregation on Static Behavior of Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Cylinders
R Moradi-Dastjerdi G Payganeh M Tajdari -
Open Access Article
51 - Wave Propagation in Fibre-Reinforced Transversely Isotropic Thermoelastic Media with Initial Stress at the Boundary Surface
R Kumar S.K Garg S Ahuja -
Open Access Article
52 - Size-Dependent Analysis of Orthotropic Mindlin Nanoplate on Orthotropic Visco-Pasternak Substrate with Consideration of Structural Damping
A Ghorbanpour Arani M.H Jalaei S Niknejad A.A Ghorbanpour Arani -
Open Access Article
53 - Study Of Thermoelastic Damping in an Electrostatically Deflected Circular Micro-Plate Using Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Model
G Rezazadeh S Tayefeh-rezaei A Saeedi Vahdat V Nasirzadeh -
Open Access Article
54 - Thermo-elastic Damping in a Capacitive Micro-beam Resonator Considering Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Model and Modified Couple Stress Theory
M Najafi G Rezazadeh R Shabani -
Open Access Article
55 - Static and Free Vibration Analyses of Orthotropic FGM Plates Resting on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundation by a Mesh-Free Method
H Momeni-Khabisi -
Open Access Article
56 - Extraction of Nonlinear Thermo-Electroelastic Equations for High Frequency Vibrations of Piezoelectric Resonators with Initial Static Biases
M.M Mohammadi M Hamedi H Daneshpajooh -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects of Gravitational and Hydrostatic Initial Stress on a Two-Temperature Fiber-Reinforced Thermoelastic Medium for Three-Phase-Lag
S.M Said M.I.A Othman -
Open Access Article
58 - Extended Finite Element Method for Statics and Vibration Analyses on Cracked Bars and Beams
F Mottaghian A Darvizeh A Alijani -
Open Access Article
59 - Studies on fungistatic effects of some fungicides on growth of Alternaria alternata and A. solani
Mehdi Nasr Esfahani Sahereh Naderpour Neda RafizadehEarly blight is an important and ubiquitous disease which attacks many herbaceous plants Specially Solanaceae family. Already this disease threaten the potato fields In Iran. The experiments were conducted in order to study the effects of rovral, Chlrotalonil, Mancozeb MoreEarly blight is an important and ubiquitous disease which attacks many herbaceous plants Specially Solanaceae family. Already this disease threaten the potato fields In Iran. The experiments were conducted in order to study the effects of rovral, Chlrotalonil, Mancozeb fungicides in 1 ppm against flint in 1, 2, 5, 10 ppm on different culture media, including PDA and CMA for two species Alternaria alternata & Alternaria solani. The result indicated that, all of tested fungicides could prevent the growth of two species with the various levels, as far as the growth rates are concerned. Also flint fungicide in various concentrations, 1,2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm indicated that it could effectively inhibit the growth of two fungal species, as the dosages are increased, indicating the reductions in the growth correspondingly. The highest inhibitions were flint 500 and 1000 ppm and the lowest in flint 1 ppm. This fungicides had a very significant effects on the sporulation of A. alternate, indicated that, with the increased in fungicides concentrations, the sporogenesis decreased, in which the highest sporulation was in Mancozeb treatment and the lowest was in flint with 1000 ppm Also, the results indicated, that the fungicides had effective reductions on the dry and wet mycelial growth weights on zapeks culture media, where the highest wet weights were observed in Mancozeb fungicide, and the lowest was in flint, 1000 ppm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Lean- Agility Administrative Mechanism of the Interaction of Factors in Fuzzy Cognitive Map (Case Study: Tehran Abfa)
Hamideh Kalantari Taher kalantariThe purpose of this study is Lean- agile administrative mechanisms of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company and the interaction of factors based on the fuzzy cognitive map of Lean- agility in the model. This is a phased approach to Lean-Agile provides the administrative m MoreThe purpose of this study is Lean- agile administrative mechanisms of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company and the interaction of factors based on the fuzzy cognitive map of Lean- agility in the model. This is a phased approach to Lean-Agile provides the administrative mechanisms. Empirical research from the case study method is used. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes water and sewage in terms of professors and experts in Tehran that were collected and then distributed. Data analysis using the SPSS software and more work was done using MATLAB software. Results from this study is extracted, grouped Lean- agile factors administrative mechanisms of the above factors with the power of relational dynamic variables and factors related to the low-power static variable, based on the degree of interaction between them. This grouping variable which was corporate executives in decision-making water and sewage Tehran can Lean- agile to focus on building administrative mechanisms are vital, but can also be used in similar companies. The group also is making plans to develop lean - agile, highly efficient and effective administrative mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigation of mechanisms of erosion and sediment studies in Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins using experimental models and compare them with geostatic methods
Zahra Najm Khalil Rezaei Seyed Hamid Vaziri Ali Naeimi Nezam AbadAfjeh and Lavarak sub-basins each with area of 4651,95 and 10557,2 hectare are located at south border ofcentral Alborz at north-eastern of Tehran. Various formations basically contains Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerateand tuff lithology, covered this region more than igne MoreAfjeh and Lavarak sub-basins each with area of 4651,95 and 10557,2 hectare are located at south border ofcentral Alborz at north-eastern of Tehran. Various formations basically contains Shaly, Sandstone, Conglomerateand tuff lithology, covered this region more than igneous rocks. In Afjeh sub-basin, Barout formation with theage of Cambrian and in Lavarak sub-basin, Mila formation with the age of middle and late Cambrian, are theoldest available stones and the newer stone units belong to Quaternary period in each of them. The purpose ofthis research is to compare MPSIAC and EPM models in calculation of sediments supply and soil erosion, usingGIS techniques. To achieve the goals, effects of lithology, soil texture and geological conditions on sedimentproduction were considered by sedimentological and petrographic studies. Finally with use geostatisticaloperations, two models were compared. The results show that the most values of erosion are in Shaly, Marly,weathered tuff and alluvial deposits Parts of sub watersheds correlated with sensitive formations such as Karajand Quaternary sediments. Based on map of MPSIAC model more than 75% of the total sub watersheds areawas classified at class IV of erosion category with high sedimentation. Sub-basin’s erosion were calculated as769.3 and 583.21 m2/km3 per year in Afjeh and Lavarak sub-basins by MPSIAC and 701.3 and 543.2 m2/km3 peryear by EPM models, respectively. The results of statistical compare of erosion of MPSIAC and EPM modelsshow that, there is no significant different between erosion estimate by MPSIAC model and real erosionmeasure, but the erosion estimate by EPM model have a significant different. So MPSIAC model may havebetter performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Numerical modeling of soil bearing capacity coefficients under earthquake load
Pezhman Fazeli سهیل GHorehEvaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients of has been the focus of a significant amount of studiesby various researchers. In all conducted studies and analyses, by considering different forms ofearthquake load with pseudo-static performance, different results hav MoreEvaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients of has been the focus of a significant amount of studiesby various researchers. In all conducted studies and analyses, by considering different forms ofearthquake load with pseudo-static performance, different results have been obtained. In this research,evaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients under earthquake load has been carried out using finiteelements software Plaxis and the obtained results have been compared with those from other publishedstudies. Moreover, the effect of the inertia of the underpinning soil on the soil bearing capacitycoefficients was modeled in the pseudo- static mode and the results indicated that bearing capacitycoefficients obtained from pseudo-static gave good agreement with other methods. However,comparison of these two results revealed that the results obtained from numerical modeling are moreconservative and are on the safety side. Finally, since the pseudo –static load is not characterized as anappropriate alternative for the earthquake load; the effect of underpinning soil on the manner oftransferring the earthquake waves until reaching the foundation bed has been also investigated.Evaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients of has been the focus of a significant amount of studiesby various researchers. In all conducted studies and analyses, by considering different forms ofearthquake load with pseudo-static performance, different results have been obtained. In this research,evaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients under earthquake load has been carried out using finiteelements software Plaxis and the obtained results have been compared with those from other publishedstudies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigation of acidic water generated coal washing plant tailing in central Alborz- Zirab in order to decrease its environmental effects
سهیل Mashrafi M.B EslamiResidues of mining and coal processing are among the most important resources of acidic drainageproduction in most parts of the world. So, most of the activities for determining the acidic drainageproduction resources and also the controlling and neutralizing methods of MoreResidues of mining and coal processing are among the most important resources of acidic drainageproduction in most parts of the world. So, most of the activities for determining the acidic drainageproduction resources and also the controlling and neutralizing methods of these drainages are carriedout about coal. Central Alborz coal region produces a large amount of residues, which can produceacidic waste waters. Therefore, the said studies were carried out to investigate the capability of acidicwastewater production from these residues and their effect on surface waters of the region.In primary laboratory studies carried out on residues using modified ABA static test determined thatresidues of floatation and jig are in uncertain limits. So, dynamic test method on water samples wasused to investigate the probable production of acidic wastewater generated by residues of AnjirTangeh coal washing plant. In this method, the quality of water was analyzed and investigates undertwo climatologic conditions. Samples of flowing waters around the plant were taken using thestandard sampling method No. 2347 of Iran. The results show that there were no significant statisticaldifference between the amounts of these parameters and national standard amounts. The factors likehigh hardness of water in the region because of limy layers, low underground waters level, clayminerals forming coal ash like montmorillonite that prevents penetration of waters resulting fromprecipitations into the residues and low percentage of pyrite, as the origin of acidic wastewaterproduction, caused the acidic pollution of central Alborz coal washing plant not to be a threat forenvironment of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Sediment and erosion studies using experimental models and compare them using statistical methods in Kan and Darakeh subbasins
Nastaran Keyhani Khalil Rezaei Seyed Hamid Vaziri Ali Naeimi Nezam AbadOne of the major problems in the integrated management of watersheds is soil erosion and Sediment. The controlof this problem requires precise studies; quantitative data to determine critical and prone to erosion areas. Thus,an analysis of rate of erosion and sediment p MoreOne of the major problems in the integrated management of watersheds is soil erosion and Sediment. The controlof this problem requires precise studies; quantitative data to determine critical and prone to erosion areas. Thus,an analysis of rate of erosion and sediment production using GIS techniques and experimental methods, such asEPM and MPSIAC seems necessary. In this study, we tried to use these two models to determine the amount ofsediment and erosion-prone areas in the two sub watersheds overlooking the city of Tehran; Kan and Darakeh torecognize where necessary for conservation operations. Finally with use geostatics operations, two models werecompared. The results show the most values of erosion are in Tuffy, Shaly Parts of sub watersheds correlatedwith sensitive formation such as Karaj. Based on map of MPSIAC model more than 50% of the total subwatersheds area was classified at class high of erosion category with 373.78 m3∕km2 per year for Kan and 483m3∕km2 per year for Darakeh sedimentation. Sub-basins’ erosion were calculated as 683.2 m3∕km2 per year forKan and 792.5 m3∕km2 per year for Darakeh by EPM models. The results of statistical compare of erosion ofMPSIAC and EPM models show that, there is no significant different between erosion estimate by MPSIACmodel and real erosion measure, but the erosion estimate by EPM model have a significant different. SomMPSIAC model may have better performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Polymer Additives
Mandana Zormand Peyman RajaeiPolymer additives have shown significant impacts on packaging materials. Enhancements in polymer performance have paved the way for new and innovative production methods. Diverse additives offer processing and production improvements. Plastic additives have a small shar MorePolymer additives have shown significant impacts on packaging materials. Enhancements in polymer performance have paved the way for new and innovative production methods. Diverse additives offer processing and production improvements. Plastic additives have a small share in plastic materials, yet they profoundly affect the quality of plastic products. Due to distinct processing methods and usage conditions, various types of plastics require different and varying amounts of additives. The main objective of incorporating additives into plastics is to enhance processing performance, increase efficiency, and decrease costs. The present paper examines the historical growth of polymer additives, their different categories, and their significance. While there are various types of additives, this study focuses on those enhancing processing capabilities and improving polymers’ functional properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Size- dependent static displacement analysis of nanotube under electrostatic force with different boundary conditions
abbas zandi baghche maryam سید علی موسویIn present study, size- dependent static displacement analysis of nanotube under electrostatic force with considering the surface effects and different boundary conditions is investigated. The results of this analysis are obtained for four different boundary conditions, MoreIn present study, size- dependent static displacement analysis of nanotube under electrostatic force with considering the surface effects and different boundary conditions is investigated. The results of this analysis are obtained for four different boundary conditions, namely pinned-pinned, fixed- fixed, fixed- pinned and fixed- free. Also, the nanotube is subjected to magnetic field, electrostatic actuation, mechanical and thermal force. In the investigation, the governing equation of motion are achieved using the Eringen's theory and this equation is calculated by using the weighted residual method. Also, velocity of fluid, length scale parameter, magnetic field, electrostatically voltage, effect of surface layer and different boundary conditions on the static displacements has been studied. Finally, the validity of the results by comparing them with the results of the numerical methods in previous research is investigated, in which there is very good agreement between the results of the present work and previous studies. It is obvious that the structural stiffness is increased with increases in the effect of surface layer and the static displacements increase with the increases of the velocity of fluid. In addition, it is shown that the stiffness of nanotube and the dimensionless static displacements, respectively, is decreased and increased with increases in the length scale parameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - A New Reliability Assessment Approach for Operation Unified Energy System
mojtaba jamiatiIn this paper, then introduction of integrated energy systems, with regard to reliability indices as statically due to the development of societies, the growth of energy consumption and optimal and simultaneous of energy use have been studied. Energy systems are regular MoreIn this paper, then introduction of integrated energy systems, with regard to reliability indices as statically due to the development of societies, the growth of energy consumption and optimal and simultaneous of energy use have been studied. Energy systems are regularly subject to major disruptions affecting economic activities, operation of infrastructure and the society as a whole. The reliability evaluation of distribution network is an important part of power system. There are only few reliability assessment approach considered the impact of multi-faults. It’s necessary to have a method that can ensure both accuracy and efficiency. As well as, using with Genetic Algorithm (GA), the best state installed elements at different times in the form of statically model and the exact amount of input energies according to the value of electrical and thermal energies is determined. And using various efficiencies and prices of energy carrier in different hours in a year is considered. Finally, with extension period time of operation system in a prototype system is evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Utilizing of Static Synchronous Compensator for Reducing the Output Harmonic Distortions of Wind Turbines
Sima Jafarzadeh Saeed Barghandan Mohsen Ebadpour -
Open Access Article
69 - Modeling and Stability Control of Wind Turbines Equipped with Synchronous Generator Using Static Synchronous Compensators
Reza Elmamouz Saeed Barghandan Mohsen Ebadpour -
Open Access Article
70 - Utilizing of Static Synchronous Compensator for Reducing the Output Harmonic Distortions of Wind Turbine
Sima Jafarzadeh Saeed Barghandan Mohsen Ebadpour -
Open Access Article
71 - Conceptual Analysis and Design and Experimental Construction of a Portable Emergency Relief Bridge
Ehsan Soltani Shahrokh Rezaei -
Open Access Article
72 - Comparison of Geotextile Layers Effects on Static and Dynamic behavior of Pavement
Reza Nazari Rouzbeh Dabiri -
Open Access Article
73 - Evaluation of Effective Parameters on the Underground Tunnel Stability Using BEM
M Panji J Asgari Marnani Sh Tavousi Tafreshi -
Open Access Article
74 - Seismic Vulnerability assessment of concrete railway bridge using nonlinear analyses
Araliya Mosleh Hamed Hamidi Ahmad Nicknam José Jara Humberto Varum -
Open Access Article
75 - A Comparative Study on Seismic Performance of Hexagrid, Diagrid and Tubular Structural Systems
Saeed Kia Darbandsari Maryam Firoozi NezamAbadi -
Open Access Article
76 - The effect of corrective exercises on knee position and static and dynamic balance of student athletes with braced knee
Mohammad KhodaverdizadehThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corrective exercises on knee position and static and dynamic balance of student athletes with braced knees. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of corrective exercises on knee position and static and dynamic balance of student athletes with braced knees. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population consisted of male high school students in Mashhad in the academic year 1399-1400. Among them, 30 people with first or second degree braces (up to 2.5 cm first degree and 2.5 to 5 cm second degree) were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control Were. Knee distance, static balance and dynamic balance were measured by caliper, stork and Y balance tests, respectively. The subjects in the experimental group practiced for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes in each session. For statistical analysis of the data, combined analysis of variance was used with the help of SPSS22 statistical software. The results showed that after the training period, there was a significant decrease in the distance between the knees and a significant increase in static and dynamic balance. Anterior direction, internal posterior and external posterior were seen. According to the results, it can be acknowledged that the corrective exercises performed in the form of training protocol presented in the present study, improve the braced knee, and the balance of students with braced knee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - To Analyze Entry Barrier and Price in the Industry of Custom-Purpose Applications
Kiumars Shahbazi jalil badpeymaAbstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if MoreAbstract The aim of this article is reducing the custom applied softwares cost. For this purpose, this research models the cost of related softwares by means of static bayesian game and assuming the computer companies awareness toward future demand. The results show if an applicant firm, for custom-purpose software, demand its application in two or more stages, price competition of computer companies to attain future profits cause price reduction in bidding stage and its increase after bidding stages. With increase in demand stages, not only the maximum entry forestalling price, but also entry barriers being increase. Based on results, the buyer firms are suggested to complete their software requirement before purchasing and announce the producers from future demands such that the price of the software reduces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Components Incompatibility, A Way for Monopolization in Services
kiumars shahbazi jalil badpeymaThe purpose of this article is to achieve the compatibility equilibrium of components. For this purpose, the components compatibility was investigated in the production equipment producers. In this research, a game has been designed in three stages with considerin MoreThe purpose of this article is to achieve the compatibility equilibrium of components. For this purpose, the components compatibility was investigated in the production equipment producers. In this research, a game has been designed in three stages with considering the available alternatives for equipment producers and service providers, in which the firms decide about compatibility before price competition in selling stages and providing services. Then, by means of static games solution with imperfect information, the game equilibrium has been exploited. The modeling results showed that the component incompatibility is the game equilibrium and the firms with monopolization incentives in providing the after sale services, produce own provided outputs under an incompatible situation. Based on results, is suggested the production equipment byers, if possible before purchase, evaluate the rate of breakdown of production equipment, and also, concurrent with purchasing the system, buy the spare parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The effect of seven weeks of hamstring static stretching movements on flexibility and speed of young football players
Nasser Bay Shahnaz Noorian Mahmood SheikhThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of seven weeks of static hamstring stretching on flexibility and speed of adolescent football players. The population of the study included seventy six youth football players in Ramian city in 2017. Twenty four foot MoreThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of seven weeks of static hamstring stretching on flexibility and speed of adolescent football players. The population of the study included seventy six youth football players in Ramian city in 2017. Twenty four football players were selected by available sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Wells test was used to measure the flexibility of the participants and the 20-meter sprint test was used to measure the speed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for statistical analysis. In the inferential section, independent and paired t-tests were used.The results showed that seven weeks of static hamstring stretching had an effect on the flexibility of adolescent football players. Also, the results showed that seven weeks of static hamstring stretching affected the speed of adolescent football players. According to the finding, it's recommended that static hamstring stretching improve the performance of adolescent football players. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of six weeks band resistance training on performance parameters in young soccer players
Hamoon Deldar Siavash Rahmati Behzad TaatiBackground and purpose: Functional indicators and specifically, balance, flexibility and strength of hamstring muscles can have a significant impact on the competitive performance of soccer players, so that it can even reduce the injuries of soccer players to some exten MoreBackground and purpose: Functional indicators and specifically, balance, flexibility and strength of hamstring muscles can have a significant impact on the competitive performance of soccer players, so that it can even reduce the injuries of soccer players to some extent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using Theraband(elastic band) along with regular football training on the performance indicators of soccer players.Material and Methods: 16 soccer players working in the leagues of Tehran province participated in this research and were randomly divided into two groups of eight people, including the Theraband group (usual soccer training and Theraband training) and the control group (usual soccer training). The training protocol included six weeks of 90-minute football training and 3 sessions per week. The difference between the exercises of the two groups was the core of the exercises in 20 minutes, and the Theraband group did special exercises with the Theraband stretcher during this 20-minute period. The pre-test and post-tests of both groups were taken in the same way and at the same time. The players' balance was measured by the Romberg test, and the players' flexibility was measured by the Wells test (sitting and extending the arms), and the strength of the hamstring muscles was measured by the Biodex model dynamometer. 3 Made in the USA was measured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Finite Element Simulation of Hydrostatic Extrusion Process to Produce Thin Bimetallic Parts
Hamid Montazerolghaem Ali Delfani -
Open Access Article
82 - STATCOM controller design with using of improved robust backstepping algorithm based on PSO to reduce large signal disturbances in power systems
Fariborz Haghighatdar Fesharaki Alireza HaghshenasIn this paper, in order to reduce disturbance attenuation in the single-machine infinite-bus system a STATCOM by an improved robust back-stepping algorithm based on a particle swarm optimization approach is proposed. In the proposed approach, the adaptive back-stepping MoreIn this paper, in order to reduce disturbance attenuation in the single-machine infinite-bus system a STATCOM by an improved robust back-stepping algorithm based on a particle swarm optimization approach is proposed. In the proposed approach, the adaptive back-stepping method is used to construct the storage function to reduce internal and external disturbances. Also, a nonlinear controller with interference rejection feature and update of the nonlinear parameter substitution law are applied simultaneously. In this research, in order to maintain non-linearities feature, the real-time estimation of uncertain parameters, ensure robustness and insensitivity to large disturbances of the STATCOM system, the adaptive back-stepping sliding mode control method is applied in terms of error compensation design. It should be noted that the proposed controller has a large number of design parameters which affect its efficiency and performance. So, here the particle swarm optimization approach is used to determine the design parameters based on the cost function of the integral of the magnitude of the error. Finally, the simulation results are performed by MATLAB software, confirmed the better performance of the proposed optimal back-stepping sliding mode control method compared to traditional adaptive back-stepping in terms of the speed of adaptation and the response of the STATCOM system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Smart Control of Photovoltaic Static Compensator System Based on Fuzzy Logic Control to Improve Voltage Stability
Ali Dalirian Alireza Solat Seyed Mohammad Javad Rastegar FatemiThis paper proposes a new fuzzy control for photovoltaic static compensator (PV-STATCOM) system in order to improve voltage stability. The task of proposed system is the dynamic voltage control of a solar PV system connected to load bus in different operating modes as S MoreThis paper proposes a new fuzzy control for photovoltaic static compensator (PV-STATCOM) system in order to improve voltage stability. The task of proposed system is the dynamic voltage control of a solar PV system connected to load bus in different operating modes as STATCOM and/or PV active power generation. In this strategy, in case of perturbation, the proposed fuzzy controller by detecting it and considering the severity of disturbance, when there is no or insufficient remaining capacity of the inverter to compensate the reactive power, stops the active power production of the PV solar system, and then the entire capacity of the inverter is used as a STATCOM to regulate the voltage at the load bus. Then, after fixing the problem, the system returns to the active power generation mode as before. To evaluate the performance of the proposed fuzzy controller, different modes are simulated with EMTDC/PSCAD software to prove the ability of the controller to improve the stability of the power system. The results confirm that the PV-STATCOM with the proposed controller can improve the dynamic performance of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Using Modular Multilevel Converter-Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator Integrated with Yy-Transformer to Compensate Reactive Power and Unbalanced Voltage in Distribution Grid
Asghar EskandariUnbalanced loads in the distribution grid can cause unbalanced supply voltage and reduce the power quality of the system. Besides, reactive power loads might create the voltage disturbances such as voltage sag/swell. In this paper, a four-wire distribution static synchr MoreUnbalanced loads in the distribution grid can cause unbalanced supply voltage and reduce the power quality of the system. Besides, reactive power loads might create the voltage disturbances such as voltage sag/swell. In this paper, a four-wire distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) integrated with Yy-transformer to compensate both the unbalanced voltage and reactive power is proposed. A DSTATCOM based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) connects to the group of taps in the primary windings of Yy-transformer to constitute an interconnected structure. The compensating currents flow through the taps. This structure is similar to an autotransformer. Compared to the conventional MMC-DSTATCOM, with proposed structure, The DSTATCOM connection point voltage decreases and one can trade-off between the capability of the power device's rated voltage and current. Therefore, it can be decreased the primary investment costs, the voltage stresses and the size of compensation system. Furthermore, a control algorithm based on measuring the point of common coupling (PCC) instantaneous voltage and current is presented that it is able to compensate the zero and negative sequence voltage due to unbalanced laod and grid. To compensate these components, voltage and current loops are used to track accurately the reference voltages of MMC-DSTATCOM by means of unbalanced algorithm. Simulation results verify the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Condenser microphone with small size and high sensitivity Using a circular diaphragm with fixed center
Nastaran Nademi Javad KaramdelIn this paper, a new single-chip MEMS capacitor microphone on a silicon wafer by minimizing the size and the reduction of mechanical strength using a circular diaphragm with a fixed center is proposed. In the proposed microphone, the diaphragm includes a number of holes MoreIn this paper, a new single-chip MEMS capacitor microphone on a silicon wafer by minimizing the size and the reduction of mechanical strength using a circular diaphragm with a fixed center is proposed. In the proposed microphone, the diaphragm includes a number of holes to pass the air through the gap between the back plate and diaphragm, and thus reduces the damping of the sound from the microphone. Novelty of this method, creating a circular microphone with fixed center, which the diameter of diaphragm is less than the conventional condenser microphone. At first, the mechanical analysis was conducted on microphone diaphragm in order to achieve the pull-in voltage. The pull-in voltage of the proposed circular microphone is 14 volts. According to the obtained pull-in voltage, the bias voltage were applied to the microphone, and various parameters such as capacitance and sensitivity were measured. Based on the simulation results of COMSOL, the proposed microphone with diaphragm diameter of 400 μm and a thickness of 1.5 μm, the sensitivity of -23 dB is shown. In comparison with previous works, the proposed microphone with lower supply voltage is provided the better frequency performance, and higher sensitivity, in order to sense the sound. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - A Novel Approach for Eccentricity Fault Detection in Squirrel Cage Induction Motors
Mehdi Ahmadi Javad Poshtan Seyed Mehdi MirImaniIn this paper, static eccentricity fault detection in induction motors is studied. Two dimensional finite element method (2D-FEM) is used for faultless and eccentric condition modeling in induction motors. Also current and speed signals are compared in two experimental MoreIn this paper, static eccentricity fault detection in induction motors is studied. Two dimensional finite element method (2D-FEM) is used for faultless and eccentric condition modeling in induction motors. Also current and speed signals are compared in two experimental and simulation cases for model validating. For fault detection, fast Fourier transform is used at first. In this method, high order harmonics with small amplitude can alarms the fault occurrence. For this reason, the fault detection process is difficult.To overcome these drawbacks, it is suggested that two test coils contrive around the air-gap. So, any changes in air-gap can be detected easily. Moreover this test coils are used in open circuit case. So, these test coils do not effect on motor dynamics. Also, the results show that modulated voltage can be alarm the fault occurrence, type and percent well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Assesment and Analyze Hybride Control System in Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator Based Current Source Converter
Sayed Mohammad Ali Zanjani Zahra Azimi Mostafa AzimiWith the rapid technology advancement in control processes, electric utilities are experiencing more demanding requirements on the power quality from the large industrial power consumers. For achieved this purpose use of FACTS devices. One of kind compensator is D-Statc MoreWith the rapid technology advancement in control processes, electric utilities are experiencing more demanding requirements on the power quality from the large industrial power consumers. For achieved this purpose use of FACTS devices. One of kind compensator is D-Statcom, using in distribution system for conquest of power quality problem. This paper presents system modeling and control design techniques of distribution static synchronous compensator. For reach an optimal design, using a hybride state-feedback and d-q control systems. Using direct sampling on network parameter, than conventional control system, as well as fast dynamic responses are achieved. The derived simulations are tried to verify the result of this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Evaluation of Nonlinear Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete moment Frames with Special Ductility with and without Viscous Dampers on the Floors Level
ashkan khodabandehlou siamak barmakiThe main goal of this research is to evaluate the nonlinear seismic behavior of special RC moment with and without viscous dampers at the floor level. In this research, 2 high-rise three-dimensional RC building frames of 12 and 16 stories, each frame with 8 models, 4 mo MoreThe main goal of this research is to evaluate the nonlinear seismic behavior of special RC moment with and without viscous dampers at the floor level. In this research, 2 high-rise three-dimensional RC building frames of 12 and 16 stories, each frame with 8 models, 4 models with and 4 models without viscous damper at the floor level, located in the area with High seismicity on type 3 soil is considered. In order to seismic analysis of frames with and without viscous dampers, nonlinear static analysis method was used according to the second appendix of Iran earthquake regulations, fourth edition. The initial dimensions of the structural elements of the studied frames and the thickness of the roof slabs have been determined in ETABS-V15 and SAFE2014 software, respectively, and finally, modeling, gravity and lateral loading, and nonlinear static analysis of the studied frames have been performed in the SAP2000-V19 software. The results show that the change in the sections of beams and columns from square to rectangle in frames with and without viscous damper causes an increase in the relative lateral displacement of the floors, as well as an increase in the number of openings along the Y axis (model 1 compared to 3), and an increase in the length of the opening along the Y axis (model 1 Compared to 4), in frames with and without viscous damper, it reduces the absolute lateral displacement of floors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Seismic Performance Investigation of Buckling Restrained Braces with Parallel Yielding Double Core
Kourosh Mehdizadeh Abbasali Sadeghi Seyede Vahide HashemiThe buildings equipped with buckling restrained brace (BRB) are earthquake resistant structures that have two properties of high lateral stiffness and ability to absorb and dissipate energy at the same time In this study, a parallel double core mechanism with the same c MoreThe buildings equipped with buckling restrained brace (BRB) are earthquake resistant structures that have two properties of high lateral stiffness and ability to absorb and dissipate energy at the same time In this study, a parallel double core mechanism with the same core length and with different yielding stress was used to investigate the seismic performance of buckling restrained brace of single core and double core. Therefore, in this research, three 3-dimensional 3, 6 and 9-story buildings equipped with concentric buckling restrained braces were designed according to AISC-LRFD Code along with the controlling of the seismic criteria based on standard 2800 version 4th in ETABS 2017 software. Then, the two dimensional perimeter frames equipped with buckling restrained brace were modeled in SeismoStruct 2018 software in two states of single core and double core. In order to investigate the behavior of these structures, the adaptive pushover nonlinear static analysis and time history nonlinear dynamic analysis were performed under three far fault earthquakes. The results presented that the use of a parallel yielding double core increased the elastic stiffness of the structures but does not cause a noticeable change in the lateral strength of the prototypes. Also under applied earthquakes, the hysteresis curves were obtained and these figures showed that the use of a parallel double core increased the earthquake energy dissipation. In general, the use of the double core buckling restrained brace reduced seismic responses such as roof displacement, roof acceleration, drift and base shear by approximately 20%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Investigation of the Response Modification Factor of Frames Equipped with Eccentric Buckling Restrained Braces based on Performance Levels
Vahid Saberi hamid saberi Abbasali Sadeghi Seyede Vahide HashemiStructural response modification factor refers to a coefficient that indicates the energy absorption capacity of the structure in the inelastic region. By using it, the shear force of the structural design is reduced by several times. In this research, the response modi MoreStructural response modification factor refers to a coefficient that indicates the energy absorption capacity of the structure in the inelastic region. By using it, the shear force of the structural design is reduced by several times. In this research, the response modification factor of frames equipped with eccentric buckling restrained braces were investigated based on performance levels under the records far from the fault. In this research, three 3, 6, and 10-story frames with eccentric buckling restrained braces were designed using ETABS software and then SeismoStruct software was applied in order to perform nonlinear static pushover analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). In IDA analysis, the intensity parameter corresponding to (PGA) and the damage index corresponding to the maximum relative displacement of the floors (MIDR) were considered and the two performance levels of life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP) were investigated. The results presented that the collapse prevention performance limit was about 30 to 35 percent higher than response modification factor corresponding to the life safety performance limit, which means that the response modification factor of safety life limit can be increased by 30 percent in order to be used for structural design at the functional level of collapse prevention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Frames by Using Steel Mega Bracing System
Mohammad amin ُSharifi Abdolrahim JalaliThe present study investigates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete moment frame system retrofitted with different steel bracing systems. Two types of structural combinations including concentric steel bracing system and steel mega bracing system were used in MoreThe present study investigates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete moment frame system retrofitted with different steel bracing systems. Two types of structural combinations including concentric steel bracing system and steel mega bracing system were used in two types of structures with different numbers of stories. These two structures which are designed by 5 and 10 story reinforced concrete moment frame system have poor lateral stiffness. They were considered to compensate for the limitations of drift regulations in areas with high seismic risk and life safety performance level. Then, these frames are improved by concentric steel bracing system and mega bracing system. In this study, the nonlinear static (pushover) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the structure under the influence of ground motions. Also chord rotation, story drift and base shear were used to compare the response of the improved structure. It was shown that the steel mega bracing system and the concentric steel bracing system are respectively the best types of steel bracing systems for upgrading and retrofitting the structures in terms of drift control regulations, the amount of base shear, the number of plastic hinges, the number of collapse elements and the economic issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Investigating the effect of infill walls in creating short columns in concrete frames (a case study
Mohammad Reza Tabeshpour soudabeh taheriOwing to the common use of infill walls in conventional buildings, it is a practical and important topic to investigate the effect of infill walls on the behavior of structures during earthquakes. One of the disadvantages of infilled frames is the presence of large wind MoreOwing to the common use of infill walls in conventional buildings, it is a practical and important topic to investigate the effect of infill walls on the behavior of structures during earthquakes. One of the disadvantages of infilled frames is the presence of large window openings in some of the reinforced concrete frame buildings, which results in the short column phenomenon. The part of the column that is adjacent to the wall is almost integrated with the wall and leads to a reduction in the height of the column. Therefore, the lateral stiffness increases considerably. With increasing stiffness, the lateral force applied to the column also increases. In this study, a 4-story, 3-span reinforced concrete model with a different arrangement of infill walls in the stories and considering short walls on the ground floor, the short column phenomenon has been investigated in ETABS software. Also, the seismic capacity of the structure has been calculated by valid methods based on the capacity spectrum method proposed by ATC40. The results indicate that with increasing stiffness, the maximum shear force applied to the column due to the presence of the infill wall under the designed earthquake load will increase by about 50% compared to the frame without the infill wall. Furthermore, the amount of stiffness difference in the frame with and without infill wall in the analyzed models is about 70%, which can prevent irreparable damage by predicting this event and proper design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Comparing the Performance of Short Link Beam in Buckling Unrestrained and Restrained Eccentric Braced Frames under non-linear Static and Dynamic Analysis
Arash Hossein Shahi aboozar salehAccording to the fact that our country is located in one of the seismic zones of the world, the possibility of strong earthquakes in different regions is inevitable. Over the past years, researchers have proposed different systems for absorbing and dissipating earthquak MoreAccording to the fact that our country is located in one of the seismic zones of the world, the possibility of strong earthquakes in different regions is inevitable. Over the past years, researchers have proposed different systems for absorbing and dissipating earthquake energy in structures, which, in this regard, unrestrained buckling braces have been focused by engineers. The purpose of this research is to examine the behavior of short link beam in steel frames with buckling and non-buckling braces. For this purpose, three structures, 3, 6 and 9 stories with buckling and non-buckling braces are designed according to valid regulations and all seismic rules have also been controlled. Then, their lateral two-dimensional frame is modeled with eccentric braces on the SeismoStruct 2016 software. In order to investigate the behavior of the link beam, nonlinear static and time history analysis have been used for three far-field earthquakes and type 2 soil. In the following, the results of the shear force and the bending moment of the link beam and the nonlinear static analysis curves of the frames in two models with buckling and non-buckling braces are compared. The results of nonlinear static analysis show that the moment and shear in the non-buckling link beam can be up to 38 and 50 percent more than the frame with buckling braces, respectively. Non-linear time history analysis shows a higher growth of link beam forces in a frame with non-buckling braces than nonlinear static analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Investigating Coefficient of Steel Frame Behavior Under the Influence of Structural Geometry
Babak Hosamzadeh mohammad reza hashemiThe analysis and design of structures based solely on the elastic behavior of the members and the lack of attention to the plastic behavior in tolerating of the lateral forces leads to noneconomic design. All the regulations in the world, a special coefficient, called t MoreThe analysis and design of structures based solely on the elastic behavior of the members and the lack of attention to the plastic behavior in tolerating of the lateral forces leads to noneconomic design. All the regulations in the world, a special coefficient, called the building's coefficient of behavior, which is calculated to reduce the earthquake forces is considered and allows the designer to analyze the elastic structure under reduced forces and design based on its results. The magnitude of this coefficient in the earthquake regulations is based primarily on the observations of the performance of various building systems in past strong earthquakes and based on engineering judgments. Accordingly, many researchers have expressed concern about the lack of reasonable coefficient of behavior, based on research studies and computational backing in earthquake regulations, and emphasized on the correction of these coefficients based on scientific studies. By studying the results of dynamic analysis on the studied structures in two types with behavior factor 6 and behavior 7, it was shown that increasing the coefficient of behavior can play a very important role in the Seismic response. The coefficient of behavior in the building does not have a significant effect on the horizontal displacement of the structure. Because in the buildings of one and four story, according to the 2800, the effect of twisting is not considered, and because of this, the coefficient of behavior in the buildings of one and four floors does not have much effect on the earthquake force. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Evaluation and Comparison of Response Modification Factor of the Base-Isolated Steel Moment Frames by Incremental Dynamic Analysis versus Pushover Method
Hamid Reza Sadrarhami Farshid FathiThe Response Modification Factor (R), which represents the non-elastic performance of structures during severe earthquakes is widely utilized in Codes to determine the seismic demand and to design the structures. The closer the calculated value of R is to the reality, t MoreThe Response Modification Factor (R), which represents the non-elastic performance of structures during severe earthquakes is widely utilized in Codes to determine the seismic demand and to design the structures. The closer the calculated value of R is to the reality, the more accurate the determination of the required resistance of the structure will be. The common analytical method for calculating the Response Modification Factor of ordinary buildings is the non-linear static analysis (Pushover) method. But the use of this method for buildings with base-isolation is doubtful. Incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis (IDA) is one of the new methods with wide application, which can be a suitable alternative for calculating the R of buildings with isolated bases. In the present research, the Response Modification Factor of the steel moment frame structure equipped with base isolation has been calculated and compared for 5-, 8-, and 12-steel story models by using two methods: the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis (IDA) versus the Pushover analysis (conventional method). The results indicate that the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis method is more accurate than the pushover analysis, due to the direct use of earthquake records, as well as considering all the dynamic characteristics of the structure, especially the dynamic characteristics of its base isolator. So that, the Response Modification Factor obtained from the IDA analysis compared to the pushover analysis, exhibits an increase of 2.8% in the 5-story, 16.61% in the 8-story, and 8.84% in the 12-story structures. The Response Modification Factors obtained from the above-mentioned analyzes have been compared with the values recommended in the FEMA P695 Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Effect of Non-parallel System Irregularity on Seismic Performance of Braced Steel Frame Buildings
Ali Seyedkazemi Elmira AbbasnezhadA number of buildings have irregular non-parallel systems due to ground conditions and architectural design, which fall into the category of irregularities in the plan. However, the building codes do not specify a limit as the deviation value of the vertical lateral loa MoreA number of buildings have irregular non-parallel systems due to ground conditions and architectural design, which fall into the category of irregularities in the plan. However, the building codes do not specify a limit as the deviation value of the vertical lateral load bearing components from the major orthogonal axes of the building for this type of irregularities. The building frame system with bracing, on the other hand, is one of the most common systems for low- to mid-rise structures. In this research,the effect of non-parallel system irregularity on the seismic performance of steel building frame with special convergent bracing was investigated. Steel structures with 3, 6, and 9 stories were selected in this study, and in addition to the regular structural models, irregularity of non-parallel systems with different angles to the orthogonal axes from 1 to 5 degrees (i.e., 0.5 m to 2 m deviations for span length) were considered. First, the structures were designed according to the Iranian Earthquake Design Code and the Iranian Steel Structure Design Code. In order to evaluate the effect of irregularity on the seismic performance of the studied buildings, nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of time history for selected models were performed using Perform 3D software and the seismic performance indices of the structures were examined. The results indicate that with increasing irregularity; stiffness, strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the structure decreases while the relative inter-story drift increases Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Effect of Viscous Dampers in Seismic Retrofitting of Steel Buildings
Mehdi Vakilzadeh Kambiz Mazaheri Mohaddeseh Bakhtiyari AzadThe target of seismic improvement of a building is to strengthen the structural and non-structural members in order to reduce the earthquake damage. Dampers dissipate the structure’s energy.By using these types ofequipment,the damage to the structure is dramatical MoreThe target of seismic improvement of a building is to strengthen the structural and non-structural members in order to reduce the earthquake damage. Dampers dissipate the structure’s energy.By using these types ofequipment,the damage to the structure is dramatically reduced. In this article steel frames with three, six and ten stories with and withoutdampers aremodeled in SAP software.They are evaluated by using seismic retrofitting guidelinesand nonlinear static method. The results show that adding a viscous damper reduces seismic effect and damage performancelevel.In addition, using dampersin high-rise structures is more effective than shorter ones in reducing the effects of an earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Investigation of Changing the Dimensions of the Connecting Parts of Beam-to-column Semi-rigid Connections on the Behavior and the Rigidity Percentage of this Connection
ALI DELNAVAZ amirhosein mollaeskandari Structural analysis is very complicated in terms of actual behavior of its connections, and for this reason, by employing the concept of the beam line, certain stiffness is attributed to each connection and thus the connections are categorized. More Structural analysis is very complicated in terms of actual behavior of its connections, and for this reason, by employing the concept of the beam line, certain stiffness is attributed to each connection and thus the connections are categorized. In this research, a semi-rigid connection with stiffener plates is considered in the connection between a beam web and a column. For this purpose, 64 analytical models are utilized, in which the features of stiffener plates, such as height, width, and thickness are changed. There are four variable modes for height, four variable modes for widths, and four variable modes for thickness, making a total of 64 different models. The connections were modeled under a nonlinear static analysis and then the momentum-rotation diagrams were plotted for each mode. So that, the behavior of the semi-rigid connection and the impact of the connecting plates on its performance was investigated. Finally, by comparing the results, a relationship was provided for estimating the rigidity percentage of a semi-rigid connection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigating of Spectral Dynamic Analysis and Equivalent Static Analysis in Optimal Design of Steel Frames using Genetic Algorithm
Mohammadreza Baradaran Morteza MadhkhanGenetic algorithm (GA) is one of the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. In this paper, the effects of spectral dynamic and equivalent static analysis methods on the calculated optimum weight of the frame are investigated by the means of GA. In the equivalent static MoreGenetic algorithm (GA) is one of the meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. In this paper, the effects of spectral dynamic and equivalent static analysis methods on the calculated optimum weight of the frame are investigated by the means of GA. In the equivalent static analysis, the applied lateral load and design constraints are considered according to ASCE and LRFD-AISC specifications. The internal forces of the frame members are calculated using finite element method. Analysis and optimization of the frame are performed using a program written in MATLAB programming language. Three types of selection including stochastic selection, tournament selection, and ranking selection as well as three different types of crossover, single point, two-point, and continuous crossover are utilized in this study. Moreover, a comparison between equivalent static analysis and spectral dynamic analysis is presented. The results indicate that the difference between the optimum weight of the structure analyzed by spectral dynamic and equivalent static methods increases as the applied load is increased Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effect of yield-torsional damper on the vibrational Energy Absorption of the Structure
alireza ansari saeed abbasi asghar rasouliTo improve the behavior of seismic system and increasing the capacity of structures, using of dampers is a suitable method for energy dissipation and reduction of seismic demand. The behavior of structures during earthquake has a direct relationship with the stiffness, MoreTo improve the behavior of seismic system and increasing the capacity of structures, using of dampers is a suitable method for energy dissipation and reduction of seismic demand. The behavior of structures during earthquake has a direct relationship with the stiffness, ductility and hysteresis curves of the energy dissipation of the resistant system. Controlling and dissipating the energy input to the structure in order to reduce earthquake damage is a perfect way to meet the needs of structures. For this purpose, a system has been introduced that is utilized as a fuse during the earthquake due to its high ductility and prevents damage to the main elements of the structure. In this study, a specific type of yield damper with torsional behavior named yield-torsional damper or TFD is investigated and the energy absorption capacity of the structure is evaluated. It was observed that this system increases the power of structural energy absorption. For this purpose, the proposed system has been numerically examined nonlinearly in ABAQUS software. The results of this research indicate that the application of TFD dampers results in the structure to depreciate energy in the interface member and significantly reduces the contribution of other structural members in the energy absorption and puts the behavior of the structure at a better performance level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Evaluation of Nonlinear Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Flexural Frames with Special Ductility with and without Viscous Dampers on the Floors Level
siamak barmaki ashkan khodabandehlouThe main goal of this research is to evaluate the nonlinear seismic behavior of special RC moment with and without viscous dampers at the floor level. In this research, 2 high-rise three-dimensional RC building frames of 12 and 16 stories, each frame with 8 models, 4 mo MoreThe main goal of this research is to evaluate the nonlinear seismic behavior of special RC moment with and without viscous dampers at the floor level. In this research, 2 high-rise three-dimensional RC building frames of 12 and 16 stories, each frame with 8 models, 4 models with and 4 models without viscous damper at the floor level, located in the area with High seismicity on type 3 soil is considered. In order to seismic analysis of frames with and without viscous dampers, nonlinear static analysis method was used according to the second appendix of Iran earthquake regulations, fourth edition. The initial dimensions of the structural elements of the studied frames and the thickness of the roof slabs have been determined in ETABS-V15 and SAFE2014 software, respectively, and finally, modeling, gravity and lateral loading, and nonlinear static analysis of the studied frames have been performed in the SAP2000-V19 software. The results show that the change in the sections of beams and columns from square to rectangle in frames with and without viscous damper causes an increase in the relative lateral displacement of the floors, as well as an increase in the number of openings along the Y axis (model 1 compared to 3), and an increase in the length of the opening along the Y axis (model 1 Compared to 4), in frames with and without viscous damper, it reduces the absolute lateral displacement of floors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Effect of Dynamic and Static Graphical Images on Learning of Geometry
Hassan Rastegar Pou Monireh YadollahiIn the present decade, multi-media as one of the modern educational means have greatly helped the development of knowledge in information age. Graphical images have been the fundamental element of multimedia in promoting creativity in the design of learning environment. MoreIn the present decade, multi-media as one of the modern educational means have greatly helped the development of knowledge in information age. Graphical images have been the fundamental element of multimedia in promoting creativity in the design of learning environment. Dynamic graphical images are designed to increase learning and are used in development of educational softwares. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dynamic and static graphical images on learning of geometry. The research method was a quasi-experimental one. Three hypotheses were developed with respect to comparing the effect of dynamic and static graphical images on the learning of geometry through traditional method. Before the interference of the independent variable, pre-test was performed to determine the homogeneity of the groups. The population of the study consists of secondary school girls in Tehran. Three district of Tehran were randomly chosen as the sample by using cluster sampling method. From each district one school and from each school one class with 30 students were chosen and studied. An independent t test was used to study the mean differences among groups. The results indicated that there was no significant statistical difference between the means of the groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - گیاهان دارویی آمریکای جنوبی برای درمان هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
الیانا سولورزانو پائولو پاستور دیوید گریسفیBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa re MoreBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa repens, a plant growing in the subtropical south-eastern United States which has shown very efficient results compared to pharmacological conventional treatments both in terms of cost and risks associated with them. Nevertheless, the same trial found no difference between S. repens and placebo according to the American Urological Association Symptom Score Index. As more and more consumers are turning increasingly towards natural therapies, it would be appropriate to promote the recognition of the value of other medicinal plants with potential applicability through comprehensive research. For this purpose, a descriptive comparison between several South-American plants little publicised in the pharmaceutical market is presented to slightly narrow the gap between the reliable evidence-based and popular information for consumers and the pharmaceutical industry.Experimental: With this approach, a review of the literature was conducted through an electronic consultation of two databases, Science Direct and Google Scholar™.Results: This narrative review highlights the wide range of natural medicines available for controlling the inflammatory symptoms of the lower urinary tract, which could be more explored from a pharmacological and chemical point of view.Recommended applications/industries: The future use of natural products requires further investment in pre-clinical research and in clinical trials that investigate stability and a profitable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ratio. Although they are well tolerated and used daily by South American populations, the industry's proper commercial focus on these natural remedies cannot be separated from appropriate phyto-vigilance actions promoted Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - اثرات ترکیبی عصاره اتانولی گیاهان Anthocleista vogelii و Alstonia boonei بر میزان سطح هورمونهای جنسی در هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات (BPH) در موشهای صحرایی
رابرت اوروکو چوکو چارلز نانا جوسفات اکور داوید اباسی نیکیو ازوگوBackground & Aim:Combined ethanol extract of A. vogelii and A. boonei stem (CEAA) barks is commonly used to treat prostate disorders whereas its effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been scientifically validated. This study investigated the effects MoreBackground & Aim:Combined ethanol extract of A. vogelii and A. boonei stem (CEAA) barks is commonly used to treat prostate disorders whereas its effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been scientifically validated. This study investigated the effects of CEAA on prostate weight, prostate index and serum androgenic and estrogenic hormonal levels of BPH induced rats.Experimental: The study had 6 groups containing 5 male Wistar albino rats each. Group 1 was the normal control rats without BPH induction while group 2 was the BPH induced rats without any treatment (BPH) control. Groups 3 – 5 were BPH induced rats treated with 5 mg/kg finasteride/day, 200 and 400 mg/kg CEAA/day, respectively. BPH was induced in groups 2 – 5 by the subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate injection in olive oil for 28 consecutive days. Results: The BPH control indicated significantly (p < 0.05) increases in prostate weight, prostate index, serum testosterone (TT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) concentrations relative to the normal control. Treatment with CEAA caused dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the prostate weight, prostate index, TT, DHT and E2 similar to finasteride-treated BPH induced rats when compared with BPH control rats. The CEAA had high inhibitory effects on the prostate weight (55.71 -82.86 %) and prostate index (65.33 – 86.52 %) of the BPH induced rats greater than 71.52 % and 81.63 % inhibition of prostate weight and prostate index by finasteride, respectively. Recommended applications/industries: The findings of this study indicated that combined ethanol extract of A. vogelii and A. boonei stem barks has anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities as it down-regulated the serum concentrations of TT, DHT and E2 implicated in BPH development and progression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - تأثیر ترکیب عصاره اتانولی Spermacoce radiata و Hypselodelphyspoggeana در جلوگیری از آسیب کلیوی و اختلالات چربی خون در موش های صحرایی مبتلا به هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات
رابرت اورکو پوول آنیام امانوئل اویو اوبینا آجاBackground & Aim: A combined ethanol extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphyspoggeana leaves are used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but there is no scientific data on its safety level and effects on vital organs and biochemical parameter MoreBackground & Aim: A combined ethanol extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphyspoggeana leaves are used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but there is no scientific data on its safety level and effects on vital organs and biochemical parameters. This study investigated the effects of a combined ethanol extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphyspoggeana leaves (CESHL) on the lipid profile and kidney function of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced rats.Experimental: A total of 21 rats were used for the acute toxicity study, while 30 were randomly distributed into five groups comprising six rats each (n = 6) for the BPH study. Group 1 served as normal control, while group 2 was BPH control that received 5 mg/kg of testosterone propionate/day for 28 consecutive days without treatment. Groups 3 – 5 received 5 mg/kg of testosterone propionate/day for 28 days but after an hour, they treated with 5 mg/kg of finasteride, 200 and 600mg/kg of CESHL/day, respectively, for 28 days.Results: The acute toxicity result of CESHL indicated no mortality or any sign of toxicity. Administration of the extract caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) of theprostate weight, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), urea and creatinine concentrations in the treated groups when compared to the BPH control. A significant increase (P<0.05) in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was observed in all treated groups when compared to the BPH control group. Histological outcomes of rats’ kidneys corroborated these findings.Recommended applications/industries: These results indicate that the combined extracts possess antilipidemic and nephroprotective effects, which might help in the management of complications that might arise during BPH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Optimizing the design of the earth dam body by performing quasi-static and dynamic analyzes using Plaxis software (Case study: Droodzen Dam)
Masoud Mesbahi Majid Abbasizadeh Mohammadreza NikmaneshOne of the effective and very important factors in the stability of earth dams is the shear resistance of earth materials in the body and foundation of the dam, and damages caused by the sliding of earth slopes can cause irreparable damage to an earth dam. Considering t MoreOne of the effective and very important factors in the stability of earth dams is the shear resistance of earth materials in the body and foundation of the dam, and damages caused by the sliding of earth slopes can cause irreparable damage to an earth dam. Considering the importance of earth slopes, the effect of static forces and earthquakes on its stability is extremely important. In this research, the optimization of the design of the Droodzen earth dam body is done by performing quasi-static and dynamic analyzes using Plaxis software. Based on the obtained results, geocell reinforcements increase the safety factor of dam stability and reduce the lateral deformation of the slope due to tensile strength and bending anchor. Also, by increasing the depth of the geocell placement, the tensile strength and bending moment of reinforcing increases, and by reducing the length of the geocell cover, the shear resistance of the top and bottom joint of the geocell decreases. Finally, we should mention that soil compaction leads to a significant increase in tensile force and bending moment along the length of the geocell layer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Hydrogen peroxide promotes metabolic changes and alleviates effects of static magnetic field on tobacco cells
Faezeh Ghanati Farzaneh Mohammadi Mohsen Sharifi Mohammad Pormehr Abazar Hajnorouzi Atefeh Payez -
Open Access Article
108 - Static magnetic field in plants: physiological effects and antioxidant defense mechanisms-an overview
Halimeh Hassanpour Mahbobeh Ghanbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
109 - Static Task Allocation in Distributed Systems Using Parallel Genetic Algorithm
Monire Taheri Sarvtamin -
Open Access Article
110 - Analysis of static and dynamic stability of slopes armed with geotextiles (Case study: Maragheh Alavian earth-dam)
Farhad Pirmohammadi Alishah Mehdi Mohammadrezaei Meysam Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
111 - Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of Pipe Rack Supporting Structures in A Petrochemical Complex
Mohammad Karimi Naghdali Hosseinzadeh Farshid Hosseini Navid Kazem Hamid Kazem -
Open Access Article
112 - Formulation of a new finite element based on assumed strains for membrane structures
Lahcene Fortas Lamine Belounar Tarek Merzouki -
Open Access Article
113 - Modeling the androgen deprivation therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and identifying the responder and non-responder patients before starting the treatment
Mahdi Sohrabi-Haghighat Atefeh DerisAndrogen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer disease aimed at slowing down the cancer cells growth by reducing the concentration of androgen in the blood. However, only some patients respond to the androgen MoreAndrogen deprivation therapy is a common treatment method of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer disease aimed at slowing down the cancer cells growth by reducing the concentration of androgen in the blood. However, only some patients respond to the androgen deprivation therapy effectively. In the other patients, the population of cancer cells reduce temporarily, and the cancer recurrence will be observed shortly after the treatment. In this paper, the response mechanism of cancer cells to the androgen deprivation therapy is analyzed by modeling the treatment based on the evolutionary dynamic which is fully supported by clinical observations. The study determines the group of patients on whom the androgen deprivation therapy is effective and the group on whom it is ineffective or even harmful. In the following, by simulating the treatment process under different schedules of abiraterone administration, the results of different treatment methods will be determined and appropriate schedules are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Parametric Evaluation of the Static Stability Analysis of the Asphaltic Concrete Core Rockfill Dams
Arash Razmkhah Shahram Shiravi -
Open Access Article
115 - تأثیر بازخورد اصلاحی کتبی از طریق ارزیابی پویا بر نوشتار زبان آموزان ایرانی: سطوح خرد و کلان
Mohammad Reza Rafizade Tafti Fariba Rahimi Sajad Shafieeپژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر بازخورد اصلاحی نوشتاری (WCF) بر نوشتار زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی در سطوح کلان (یعنی سازماندهی بلاغی، پاسخ به تکلیف، انسجام) و خرد (یعنی منبع واژگانی، نقطه گذاری، دستوری) با رویکرد ارزیابی پویا در تمرکز انجام شد. بدین منظور، آزمون تعیی Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر بازخورد اصلاحی نوشتاری (WCF) بر نوشتار زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی در سطوح کلان (یعنی سازماندهی بلاغی، پاسخ به تکلیف، انسجام) و خرد (یعنی منبع واژگانی، نقطه گذاری، دستوری) با رویکرد ارزیابی پویا در تمرکز انجام شد. بدین منظور، آزمون تعیین سطح سریع آکسفورد روی 150 زبان آموز انگلیسی مرد و زن ایرانی انجام شد که از بین آنها 80 زبان آموز متوسط همگن انتخاب و در یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. دو گروه WCF را دریافت کردند به این معنا که معلم نمادهایی مانند WW برای کلمه اشتباه، SP برای املا، T برای زمان، WO برای ترتیب کلمات و غیره را به آنها ارایه می کرد در حالی که تولیدات نوشتاری آنها را علامتگذاری مینمود. تفاوت این بود که گروه آزمایش ارزیابی پویا نوشتن L2 را در طول ترم تجربه کرد (که در آن معلم به طور مداوم به فراگیران آموزش می داد و آنها را آزمایش می کرد و در هر جلسه تذکرات، نکات، پشتیبانی و تشویق برای آنها داشت)، در حالی که شرکت کنندگان در گروه کنترل یک کلاس معمولی، عاری از ارزیابی پویا را تجربه می کرد. در پایان آزمایش داده های جمع آوری شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد اگرچه گروه آزمایش از نظر سطوح خرد نوشتاری به طور قابل توجهی از گروه کنترل پیشی گرفت، اما تفاوت قابل توجهی بین سطوح کلان نوشتاری در هر دو گروه مشاهده نشد. بنابراین، نتیجه گیری شد که بازخورد اصلاحی کتبی همراه با ارزیابی پویا می تواند به طور قابل توجهی باعث بهبود نوشتار دانش آموزان در سطوح خرد شود. این تحقیق کاربرد هایی برای معلمانی دارد که در کلاسهای ELT روی نوشتن کار میکنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - دیدگاه معلمین ایرانی آِیلتس و تافل آی بی تی درباره ساختار بخش های ادراکی و تولیدی این دو آزمون از منظر اصول ارزیابی پویا و ایستا
Arezoo Daneshvar Mohammad Bagheri فیروز صدیقی Lotfollah Yarmohammadi Mortaza Yaminiروشارزیابی پویا یک روش جدید است که در آن قابلیت یادگیری افراد از طریق ارایه بازخورد ارزیابی می شود. این شیوه ارزیابی تاکنون در آزمونهای مهم بین المللی مورد تحقیق چندانی قرار نگرفته است. هدف تحقیق حاضرکه با روش ترکیبی متوالی صورت گرفته ⸲ بررسی دیدگاه معلمین ایرانی آیلتس Moreروشارزیابی پویا یک روش جدید است که در آن قابلیت یادگیری افراد از طریق ارایه بازخورد ارزیابی می شود. این شیوه ارزیابی تاکنون در آزمونهای مهم بین المللی مورد تحقیق چندانی قرار نگرفته است. هدف تحقیق حاضرکه با روش ترکیبی متوالی صورت گرفته ⸲ بررسی دیدگاه معلمین ایرانی آیلتس و تافل آی بی تی درباره ساختار بخش های ادراکی و تولیدی این دو آزمون از منظر ارزیابی پویا و ایستاست. همچنین⸲ این تحقیق به بررسی میزان تطبیق بخش های ادراکی و تولیدی آزمون آیلتس و تافل آی بی تی ، با استانداردهای ارزیابی پویا و ایستا می پردازد. برای تحقق اهداف تحقیق⸲ در بخش کمی ،100 معلم آیلتس و تافل آی بی تی که اطلاعات کافی درباره این آزمونها داشتند و ازطریق روش گلوله برفی و هدفمند انتخاب شدند به دو پرسشنامه هشت سوالی تالیف محقق درباره ویژگیهای این آزمونها ، پاسخ دادند. برای اطمینان از صحت داده های کمی جمع آوری شده، 10 تن از اساتید مطلع آیلتس و تافل آی بی تی که به پرسشنامه پاسخ داده بودند مورد مصاحبه نیمه ساختاری قرارگرفتند. مصاحبه ها با بکار گیری چارچوب طبقه بندی ویژگیهای ارزیابی ایستا و پویا که توسط خود محقق گردآوری شده بود مورد تحلیل محتوایی قرار گرفت.نتایج کمی تحقیق با تایید نتایج کیفی نشان داد که آزمونهای آیلتس و تافل آی بی تی عمدتا مطابق با اصول ارزیابی ایستا هستند. اما، برخی ویژگیهای ارزیابی پویا نیز درهر دو آزمون وجود دارد. یافته های این تحقیق دربردارنده برخی مفاهیم ضمنی آموزشی است که تبیین شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Ecstatic Expressions (Shat’hiyāt) of Eyn-ol Qozāt-e Hamedānī
فاطمه مدرسی مونا همتی مریم عرب Shat’hiyāt are words uttered when one is in a state of divine ecstasy; they are results of a new understanding of God, man and Islamic laws (shariyyat). Ecstatic expressions (shat’hiyāt) have a regular linguistic structure but they are paradoxical,&n More Shat’hiyāt are words uttered when one is in a state of divine ecstasy; they are results of a new understanding of God, man and Islamic laws (shariyyat). Ecstatic expressions (shat’hiyāt) have a regular linguistic structure but they are paradoxical, sometimes surprising the audience unfamiliar with the terms. The present article tries to study the ecstatic expressions (shat’hiyāt) of Eyn-ol Qozāt-e Hamedānī (1098–1131), a Persian mystic. His shat’hiyāt about recognition of unity of God by Satan, vision of God, faith and unfaith, annihilation and subsistence eventually led to his execution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Evaluation of hydrodynamic Forces Effect on Seabed Pipeline in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (Asaluyeh)
K. Lari A. javid M. R. bagheri chimeh Underwater pipelines are exposed to hydrodynamic and hydrostatic parameters of the environmental conditions, in the region. In this study, in order to investigate the stability of the underwater pipelines, taking into account the waves and currents induced force More Underwater pipelines are exposed to hydrodynamic and hydrostatic parameters of the environmental conditions, in the region. In this study, in order to investigate the stability of the underwater pipelines, taking into account the waves and currents induced forces, a stability analysis is performed. There are few standards for designing and analysis of underwater pipelines. The two standards, DNV-RP-C205 and DNV-RP-E305 were used. The study area was the coastal zone of Asaluyeh Port and data used included Asaluyeh wave data, from 2007 to 2008, which were collected by a floating buoy. On the other hand, data on currents were based on Ports and Maritime Organization information. Hydrodynamic coefficients such as Reynolds number, Kvlgan Carpenter and hydrodynamic forces induced on the pipeline in different conditions were calculated. The results showed that in current conditions, designing pipes larger than 0.7m in diameter is not suitable. However, the most suitable designs are pipes with 0.4m in diameter. The minimum weight of pipes with 0.7m diameter, in significant wave height condition under the water, was calculated to be 1365 kg/m. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Estimation of the Bistatic Echolocation from Underwater Target Using Ship Noise based on Normal-Mode Model
Mojgan Mirzaei Hotkani Seyed Alireza Seyedin Jean Bousquet -
Open Access Article
120 - Design, Simulation and Prototype Construction of a Pulsed Power Source for Use in Electrostatic Precipitators
Mohammad Reza Memar Amir Baktash -
Open Access Article
121 - Analysis and Simulation of the Static Synchronous Compensation Effect in the Distribution System with Wind Farms Based on SCIG
Sayed Mohammadali Zanjani Majid Moazzami Mohammad Amin Honarvar -
Open Access Article
122 - The Effect of Shunt FACTS Devices on Voltage Regulation in Transmission Lines
Mehdi Mahdavian Fariborz Haghighatdar Fesharak -
Open Access Article
123 - Design and Implementation a Single-Phase UPS Based on Microcontroller with AVR at Input and Full-Bridge Inverter at Output for Improving Sinusoidal Output Voltage
Ahmad Omrani Majid Dehghani Mohamad Reza Yousefi -
Open Access Article
124 - The Evaluation of the Static Trade-off Theory in Capital Structure
Hashem Nikoomaram Fereydoon Rahnama Roodposhty Arefeh MoshefiOne of the major tasks of a financial manager in company is determining providing the best combination of financial resources for their company, in other words, the best capital structure. These decisions should be in line with increase in value of the company. Accordin MoreOne of the major tasks of a financial manager in company is determining providing the best combination of financial resources for their company, in other words, the best capital structure. These decisions should be in line with increase in value of the company. According to modern theories of capital structure, a lot of important factors must be considered in combination the capital structure. so, in this study, we have concentrated on examining some major factors on the capital structure of the companies registered in securities exchange within 1382-1387 interval, in the frame of modern theory of capital structure such as static trade-off theory .for this paper we have ed 75 companies registered in T.S.E and also we use multiple regression with panel data to measure correlation between capital structure and factors mentioned about. Finding show that during the study period, factors such as: profitability and liquidity have an indirect meaningful relationship with capital structure, also variables like collaterals have direct meaningful and size have meaningless relationship with capital structure. Finally we conclude that finding in this study in T.S.E don’t confirm the static trade-off theory findings except collaterals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Improving the Voltage Profile of the Power System Using PV-STATCOM
Navid Ghardash khani Ali Mastanabadi -
Open Access Article
126 - Improvement Damping Power System Oscillations by Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator
Majid Dehghani Mehdi Mahdavian Ali Asghar Amini -
Open Access Article
127 - Decentralized Robust Adaptive Control Based On Dynamic Programming for SVC Complement Controller Design
Ameneh Barani Majid Moazzami Mohammad Amin Honarvar S.Mohammadali Zanjani -
Open Access Article
128 - Simulation of Voltage Regulation in The Distribution Network Using Distribution Static Compensator
Pegah Shafaghi Mehdi Mahdavian -
Open Access Article
129 - A Novel Method to Increase the Power Capacity of Transmission Lines Using Transformerless Static Synchronous Series Compensator
Mohammad Ghorbani Ali Zarein Ali Mosallanejad -
Open Access Article
130 - Eccentricity Fault Diagnosis Studying for a Round Rotor Synchronous Machine
Peyman Naderi Sahar Sharouni -
Open Access Article
131 - Coordinated Design of PSS and SSSC Damping Controller Considering Time Delays using Biogeography-based Optimization Algorithm
Javad Gholinezhad Mahmoud Ebaadian Mohammad R. Aghaerrahimi -
Open Access Article
132 - The Effect of the Performance of the Optical Shelf (External) in Creating a Comfortable Environment in Architectural Studios in Latitude 35
zohreh salahsoor Mahnaz Mahmoody ZarandiArchitecture students are in the studios for many hours during the day. Therefore, the use of natural light is important. If these lights exceed a certain limit, they cause disturbance, which is called glare, and one of the ways to solve it is to use a light shelf or a MoreArchitecture students are in the studios for many hours during the day. Therefore, the use of natural light is important. If these lights exceed a certain limit, they cause disturbance, which is called glare, and one of the ways to solve it is to use a light shelf or a light window. These shelves are implemented in different forms. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of the angle on the (external) shelves in the climate of Tehran. The research method of the article is practical and since the response to glare is done into two categories: dynamic and static. Used. In the simulation environment, a cube with dimensions of 8 x 6 is simulated with 30% windows in the south view, and the work surface is proportional to the height of the tables of 1 meter; The sky is considered to be at the solar surface. In this simulation, UDI, ASE, UDA, and DF have been implemented in four modes (without optical shelf; optical shelf with 180 degrees and 30 < X < 60 degrees (external, internal)). After the simulation, contrary to what we expected; It has been observed that the optical shelf performs better than the 180 degree optical shelf in two angled modes. The DF performs better when angled inward, and the UDI when angled outward receives close to 100 lux of natural light in bright mode. The SDA parameter is suitable in two angular modes. ASE, the annual light level in the maximum mode receives more than 60% of natural light, which is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Genetic diversity investigation of different grape varieties (Vitis vinifera) using ISSR molecular marker
A. Khalkhali Hossein abbaspourGrapes is one of the most important horticultural products in the world and Iran and has a wide gnetic diversity, so the purpose of this research was to investigate of the genetic diversity and to asses of introduced grapes cultivars (Vitis vinifera) at the molecular le MoreGrapes is one of the most important horticultural products in the world and Iran and has a wide gnetic diversity, so the purpose of this research was to investigate of the genetic diversity and to asses of introduced grapes cultivars (Vitis vinifera) at the molecular level using ISSR marker. For DNA extraction, it was used modified method of Doyle and Doyle and at the next step, 12 genotypes were examined by 12 primers. Cluster analysis was performed by PopGen32 and SPSS9 softwares. The resulted clustering were divided cultivars into 5 groups by both softwares. In analyzing data, the percentage of polymorphism and the number of polymorphic loci were obtained 96.49 percent and 55 respectively. Cophenetic coefficient is 0.8 for Jaccard coefficient and straw, is indicating a fine fit between the dendrogram and the main similarity matrix. The bands that were Obviously visible were reviewed. Results showed that 353 bands were generated by the markers totally. The size of bands was various between 200 and 3000 bp. The highest similarity was 0.619 for number one (sabz Shah Pasand) and number 7 (currants Khalili Ghouchan) varieties and the least one was 0.205 for number10 (Pir Golli 2) and number 2 (Kashmar Mall) varieties. Because the most amount of bond were observed by primer a (56 bands), this primers was able to determine the genetic gap of Primerrelated varieties better than other primers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The Effect of Bisphosphonates’ Oncologic dose on the Static and Dynamic Bone Parameters of the Temporomandibular Joint’s Condyle (A Randomized Animal Controlled Trial)
Israa Radwan Samah Mehanny Marwa Magdy Abbass -
Open Access Article
135 - Analysis of the Chemical Reactivity of Limonene by the Functional Density Theory Method Using Global Descriptors
Hayat EL Ouafy Tarik EL Ouafy Mustapha Oubenali Aziz EL Haimouti Ahmed Gamouh Mohamed Mbarki -
Open Access Article
136 - Investigation of Dynamic and Static Restoration in Hot Deformation of SP-700 Titanium Alloy
Amir hosein Sheikhali Maryam Morakkabti seyed mahdi abbasiIn order to investigation of dynamic and static restoration of SP-700 alloy, in this study continuous and interrupted hot torsion tests carried out at 850 and 1000ºC at different pass-strains and inter-pass times. The dominant mechanism in hot deformation at 1000&d MoreIn order to investigation of dynamic and static restoration of SP-700 alloy, in this study continuous and interrupted hot torsion tests carried out at 850 and 1000ºC at different pass-strains and inter-pass times. The dominant mechanism in hot deformation at 1000°C is dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and consequently the entire microstructure comprises equiaxed grains, whereas at 850°C serration and tanglement of the grain boundaries were observed. Nevertheless, the microstructure of sample twisted at 850°C, indicates the occurrence of DRX and the formation of very fine grains. The mechanism of the formation of recrystallized grains in the vicinity of grain boundaries and triple points is bulging. With an increase in pass-strain (ε=0.5) at 1000°C, due to the increase in driving force for nucleation and growth of new grains, the kinetics of static restoration increases. In fact, at 850°C, in addition to static restoration there is another factor contributing in fractional softening which is β to α phase transformation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - ساخت نانوکامپوزیت پایه تیتانیوم متراکم شده به روش استاتیکی در فشار های های تراکم گوناگون و بررسی خواص مکانیکی آن
سید مهران زحلی فرزاد فریباامروزه ساخت نانوکامپوزیتها، برای دستیابی به موادی با خواص ترکیبی و بهبود خاصیت مواد، بسیار مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است. یکی از بهترین روشهای ساخت نانوکامپوزیتها استفاده از روش متالورژی پودر است. زیرا با این روش علاوه بر اینکه ضایعات به حداقل میرسند میتوان مواد Moreامروزه ساخت نانوکامپوزیتها، برای دستیابی به موادی با خواص ترکیبی و بهبود خاصیت مواد، بسیار مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است. یکی از بهترین روشهای ساخت نانوکامپوزیتها استفاده از روش متالورژی پودر است. زیرا با این روش علاوه بر اینکه ضایعات به حداقل میرسند میتوان موادی را که دارای نقطهی ذوب بالا هستند با مواد دارای نقطهی ذوب پایین ترکیب نمود که این کار با روش ریختهگری بسیار دشوار خواهد بود. در این تحقیق آلیاژ تیتانیوم برای بهبود خواص مکانیکی با تقویتکنندهی کاربید سیلیسیم ترکیب شده است. از آنجا که پودر تقویتکنندهی کاربید سیلیسیم در مقیاس نانو می باشد، این دو ماده با هم تشکیل یک نانو کامپوزیت میدهند. روش متالورژی پودر بهترین راه برای ترکیب این دو ماده با هم می باشد. در این تحقیق برای تولید این نانو کامپوزیت، از روش فشردن استاتیکی(دستگاه پرس سرد) استفاده شده است. برای مقایسه، سه درصد مختلف تقویت کنندهی نانوپودر کاربید سیلیسیم و همچنین، سه فشار پرس مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. همچنین، آزمایشهای چگالی، مشاهده مرزبندی دانهها توسط میکروسکوپ الکترونی رویشی، تست فشار و آزمایش سختی روی آنها انجام گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - آنالیز مودال و ارتعاشی استند تست موتور توربوشفت با استفاده از ANSYS
مجتبی حسنلو سید غلامرضا میرحسینی محمود صادق زاده احمد باقریامروزه مدلسازی بعنوان یک امر حیاتی در جهت شناخت، تجزیه و تحلیل طراحان عرصه صنعت در رفع نیازهای خود محسوب میشود و طراحی که براساس مقتضیات طراحی، امکانات موجود بتواند امری تسریعکننده در جهت تولید و بکارگیری اجزاء-ماشین، موتور ماشینآلات صنعتی صورت پذیرد. بنابراین طراحی Moreامروزه مدلسازی بعنوان یک امر حیاتی در جهت شناخت، تجزیه و تحلیل طراحان عرصه صنعت در رفع نیازهای خود محسوب میشود و طراحی که براساس مقتضیات طراحی، امکانات موجود بتواند امری تسریعکننده در جهت تولید و بکارگیری اجزاء-ماشین، موتور ماشینآلات صنعتی صورت پذیرد. بنابراین طراحی یک ابزار جهت استفاده آن در هر یک از صنایع باید متناسب با مشخصات مکانیکی باشد که ابزار موردنظر متحمل آن میشود. .در این پژوهش براساس نوع موتور توربوشفت یک سازهای برای تست و آزمایش این نوع موتور پیشنهاد، طراحی و تحلیل شدهاست که بتواند در واقعیت و عملی بکار گیرد و نیازهای ممکنه را رفع نماید. نوع آنالیزهایی که بر روی این سازه در نرمافزار ANSYS انجام پذیرفتهاست براساس نوع اثرگذاری دینامیکی موتور توربوشفت بر سازه اتفاق افتاده و در پایان پژوهش شکل مودها و فرکانسهای طبیعی سازه به نمایش گذاشته -شدهاست. .در این پژوهش براساس نوع موتور توربوشفت یک سازهای برای تست و آزمایش این نوع موتور پیشنهاد، طراحی و تحلیل شدهاست که بتواند در واقعیت و عملی بکار گیرد و نیازهای ممکنه را رفع نماید. نوع آنالیزهایی که بر روی این سازه در نرمافزار ANSYS انجام پذیرفتهاست براساس نوع اثرگذاری دینامیکی موتور توربوشفت بر سازه اتفاق افتاده و در پایان پژوهش شکل مودها و فرکانسهای طبیعی سازه به نمایش گذاشته -شدهاست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Static analysis of guyed tower regarding cable sagging by using finite difference model
Kaveh Kumarci Alireza Baharizadeh -
Open Access Article
140 - Dynamic model of static synchronous compensator in Single-Machine Infinite-Bus power system
S. Zanjani -
Open Access Article
141 - Tolerance analysis (static and dynamic) of the gearbox assembly to achieve correct manufacturing tolerances
Ehsan Mehrabi Gohari Iman Pishkar Mohammad AlipourTolerance analysis is one of the most important parameters affecting the quality and production costs of a product. In this research, using the tolerance analysis capabilities in Inventor software to set the tolerance of the speed reducer gearbox. First, the dimensions MoreTolerance analysis is one of the most important parameters affecting the quality and production costs of a product. In this research, using the tolerance analysis capabilities in Inventor software to set the tolerance of the speed reducer gearbox. First, the dimensions of the conical rotor of the elevator gearbox were obtained by Geomagic reverse engineering software, and then the results were used in Inventor software to develop the gearbox model into a three-speed gearbox. Dimensional and geometric static tolerance analysis of this collection was done by using the worst-case, sum of square roots, process capability index and sigma methods. The results showed the worst-case method in tolerance analysis works more cautiously than other methods, as well as the residual sum of squares method, shows less laxity and interference than the worst-case method. Process index method, confirmed the assembly and in the sigma method, the sigma function considers the level of tolerance to be acceptable. Also, to ensure the correctness of the obtained tolerances, dynamic analysis has been done by using ADAMS software. The results showed that the set did not have any excessive slack or interference during movement. For validation, the results of this study were compared with Monte Carlo simulation results and showed good agreement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - تحلیل تجربی رفتار مچالگی قوطی جاذب انرژی تحت بار مایل سه بعدی
ابوالفضل خلخالی علیرضا سالوردر واقعیت احتمال اینکه بار وارد بر یک عضو جاذب انرژی به صورت محوری خالص یا خمش خالص اعمال شود بسیار کم است. در صورتی­که بار اعمالی به صورت مایل به یک قوطی اعمال شود، مقطع آن به صورت همزمان تحت بار محوری و خمشی قرار میگیرد. تحقیقات معدودی تا کنون به بررسی رفتار جاذب Moreدر واقعیت احتمال اینکه بار وارد بر یک عضو جاذب انرژی به صورت محوری خالص یا خمش خالص اعمال شود بسیار کم است. در صورتی­که بار اعمالی به صورت مایل به یک قوطی اعمال شود، مقطع آن به صورت همزمان تحت بار محوری و خمشی قرار میگیرد. تحقیقات معدودی تا کنون به بررسی رفتار جاذب­های انرژی تحت بار مایل پرداختهاند. در تحقیقات مذکور بار مایل یک بار دو بعدی بوده که نسبت به مقطع نمونه آزمایش با یک زاویه مشخص میشود. در حالی­که در واقعیت ممکن است بار مایل دارای سه مولفه فضایی باشد که نسبت به مقطع نمونه با دو زاویه در فضا مشخص میشود. در این مقاله رفتار مچالگی قوطی جاذب انرژی تحت بار مایل سه بعدی به صورت تجربی تحلیل و بررسی میشود. برای این منظور سامانهای طراحی و برروی دستگاه آزمایش کشش و فشار یونیورسال نصب میشود. تمام آزمایش­ها به صورت شبهاستاتیکی انجام شده و در نهایت نمودار نیرو-جابجایی و شکل مود فروریزش نمونهها استخراج شده و تاثیر زوایای بار مایل بر ویژگی­های جذب انرژی بررسی میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - تحلیل استاتیکی استوانههای از جنس مواد هدفمند ارتوتروپیک با طول کوتاه به روش بدون المان
رسول مرادی دستجردی مهرداد فروتن سمیه عبداللهی بکتاشدر این مقاله تحلیل استاتیکی استوانههایی از جنس مواد هدفمند ارتوتروپیک با طول کوتاه به روش بدون المان بررسی شده است. در این روش، توابع شکل حداقل مربعات متحرک برای تقریب میدان جابهجایی در فرم ضعیف معادله تعادل استفاده شده و برای اعمال شرایط مرزی اساسی توابع تبدیل بهکار Moreدر این مقاله تحلیل استاتیکی استوانههایی از جنس مواد هدفمند ارتوتروپیک با طول کوتاه به روش بدون المان بررسی شده است. در این روش، توابع شکل حداقل مربعات متحرک برای تقریب میدان جابهجایی در فرم ضعیف معادله تعادل استفاده شده و برای اعمال شرایط مرزی اساسی توابع تبدیل بهکار رفته است. در این شبیه­سازی از یک مدل متقارن محوری استفاده شده است که خواص مکانیکی آن در راستای شعاع، متناسب با تغییرات کسر حجمی مواد تشکیل دهنده، تغییر می­کند. در این مقاله اثرات طول و ضخامت استوانه، توان کسر حجمی توزیع مواد، نوع چیدمان مواد و همچنین اعمال شرایط مرزی اساسی بر توزیع تنش و میدان جابهجایی این استوانهها بررسی شده است. به منظور اعتبارسنجی، نتایج بهدست آمده با نتایج حاصل از روش اجزا محدود و همچنین نتایج سایر محققان، مقایسه و مطابقت بسیار خوبی مشاهده شد. همچنین مشخص شد که روش بدون المان نتایج دقیق­تر و هموارتری نسبت به روش اجزا محدود دارد. میدان تنش استوانه­های هدفمند ارتوتروپیک نیز با نتایج استوانه­های ارتوتروپیک همگن چند لایه تأیید شده با انتخاب توان کسر حجمی مناسب نیز، می­توان طراحی مناسب و بهینهای روی این استوانه­ها داشت Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - تحلیل استاتیکی و دینامیکی شاسی و سازه اتوبوس O-457
ابوالفضل محبوبی شاد محسن اصفهانیاندر این مقاله شاسی و بدنه اتوبوس457–O به روش اجزاء­محدود مورد تحلیل استاتیکی و دینامیکی قرار گرفته است. این فرایند با مدل­سازی سه­بعدی سیستم تعلیق، شاسی و بدنه اتوبوس آغاز شده است. در ابتدا تحلیل استاتیکی انجام شده تا از مقاومت شاسی در حالت معمولی اطمین Moreدر این مقاله شاسی و بدنه اتوبوس457–O به روش اجزاء­محدود مورد تحلیل استاتیکی و دینامیکی قرار گرفته است. این فرایند با مدل­سازی سه­بعدی سیستم تعلیق، شاسی و بدنه اتوبوس آغاز شده است. در ابتدا تحلیل استاتیکی انجام شده تا از مقاومت شاسی در حالت معمولی اطمینان حاصل شود. سپس، تحلیل دینامیکی بر روی سازه و شاسی انجام شده که در این تحلیل آنالیز مودال و گذرای سازه و شاسی بررسی شده است. در تحلیل گذرا پیچش و خمش ناشی از تحریک­های وارده از طرف جاده به سازه و شاسی با استفاده از مدل المان­محدودی که مشخص­کننده کل سازه وسیله نقلیه می­باشد، بررسی گردیده و از استحکام کافی سازه و شاسی در این حالت نیز اطمینان حاصل شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - بررسی تجربی و عددی اثر نوع و جایگاه ضربه زننده در جذب انرژی سازه های جدار نازک در بارگذاری جانبی
سجاد دهقان پور حامد خلیلی کیوان حسینی صفری یونس محمدیضربه یکی از موارد بسیار مهمی است که همواره در علم مکانیک مطرح بوده است. ماهیت ضربه به نحوی است که کنترل آن را مشکل می­سازد، در نتیجه لازم است که بتوان در مواقع نیاز از انتقال ضربه به قسمت های آسیب­پذیر یک سازه جلوگیری کرد. یکی از بهترین روش­های جذب انرژی ضرب Moreضربه یکی از موارد بسیار مهمی است که همواره در علم مکانیک مطرح بوده است. ماهیت ضربه به نحوی است که کنترل آن را مشکل می­سازد، در نتیجه لازم است که بتوان در مواقع نیاز از انتقال ضربه به قسمت های آسیب­پذیر یک سازه جلوگیری کرد. یکی از بهترین روش­های جذب انرژی ضربه، استفاده از لوله­ های جدار نازک فلزی با چگالی کم است. این لوله ­ها تحت ضربه دچار فرو ریزش شده و با جذب انرژی، مانع از آسیب رسیدن به قسمت­های دیگر سازه می­شوند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تغییر شکل و جذب انرژی لوله­های جدار نازک با شکل مقاطع دایره، شش ضلعی، پنج ضلعی، مربع و مستطیل و با حجم، ارتفاع، سطح مقطع متوسط، ضخامت و جنس یکسان، زیر سه حالت بارگذاری می­باشد. بارگذاری ها به صورت شبه استاتیکی بوده و از نتایج آزمایشگاهی به منظور بررسی دقت و صحت نتایج عددی استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از بررسی­ها نشان می دهد در حالت اول بارگذاری، بیشترین جذب انرژی توسط مقطع مربع و در حالت دوم و سوم بارگذاری مقطع مستطیل به صورت ایستاده بیشترین جذب انرژی را داشته­اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The effect of Tamsulosin with or without Tolterodine in treatment of patients with symptomatic BPH in Aria and 22 Bahman hospital in 2012
Masoud Isapour Mahsa Abdollahian MoghadamBackground: Although voiding symptoms are classically related to BPH, as many as 50% of patients can experience irritative symptoms. We compared efficacy of tamsulosin with or without tolterodine in the treatment of patients with symptomatic BPH (benign prostatic MoreBackground: Although voiding symptoms are classically related to BPH, as many as 50% of patients can experience irritative symptoms. We compared efficacy of tamsulosin with or without tolterodine in the treatment of patients with symptomatic BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Methods: seventy six patients who fulfilled the inclusion/ exclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups of tamsulosin monotherapy (0/4 mg/day until 12 weeks) versus tamsulosin (0/4 mg/day until 12 weeks) and Tolterodine (2mg BID for 4 weeks) combination therapy. Therapeutic efficacy was analyzed using international prostate symptom score (IPSS) before and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: Total IPSS was significantly improved in both groups. Although Combination therapy group showed better improvement in all Lower urinary tract symptoms, but the difference between 2 groups was significant considering complete emptying of bladder, voiding duration less than 2 hours and weak stream (P<0/05). Conclusion: Addition of Tolterodin to Tamsulosin is effective in improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Asperger's Autism
neda golsefid abedin golsephi hossein nazaryAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of w MoreAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of whole-body vibration on static and dynamic balance in children with Asperger's autism. The population of this quasi-experimental study was 20 juniors aged 8 to 10 years with Asperger's autism in Rasht city, who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. These children took part in the whole-body vibration training program 3 sessions per week for 6 months. There were two balance tests to investigate balance disorders of the subjects before and after the training program. The flamingo test was used to measure static balance, and likewise, the heel-toe walking test was used to measure dynamic balance. The results of the independent t-test showed that the experimental group had a significant increase in static and dynamic balance compared to the control group (p<0.05). Intragroup changes showed that there was a significant difference between static and dynamic balances in the pre-test and posttest of the experimental group (p <0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (p> 0.05). In conclusion, whole-body vibration training seems to affect static and dynamic balances, and children with autism can use this technique to improve their balance beneficially. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Perfect man from theophany to incarnation
Roghieh ShanbeheeMan is the ultimate end in creation although ranked as the last. In Mowlana’s view, although fruit is produced from a tree, yet the ultimate purpose of the tree is its fruit. However, entangled in the nitty gritty of the material world he has remained MoreMan is the ultimate end in creation although ranked as the last. In Mowlana’s view, although fruit is produced from a tree, yet the ultimate purpose of the tree is its fruit. However, entangled in the nitty gritty of the material world he has remained ignorant of his spiritual truth. The purpose of creation is the manifestation of God’s attributes, and actions hence man is the embodiment of such manifestation. The seeker of God must die to self before he can shine with the divine light. After putting out the fires of ego, the divine light of the soul shines through, when burnished of all its rust, the mirror of the soul perfectly reflects the attributes of God. By bringing such stories as Merchant and the parrot, Mowlana illustrates that the ultimate end of the Mystic path is this conscious death. This annihilation in the Beloved’s being facilitates the union. In this station, if the mystic wishes to give voice to his most intimate experience, his saying would come out as the ‘shath’, the ecstatic utterance and only a true mystic could perceive that state. In this stage, the traveler reaches an ecstatic state completely intoxicated and bewildered faced with the glory of God. Although in Mowlana’s view the melody which is inside the Perfect man, is the reflection of the eternal melody and Hallaj’s words were in fact the resonance of his own chords of existence which experienced selflessness, he was not, but the truth was. Mowlana believed that what the mystic attains in this ascent is total absorption in God and must not be confused with the incarnation of a spirit in a body because in this stage, the mystic merges in God, the part partakes the whole and not becoming whole. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Antibacterial effect of lavender essential oils on Xanthomonas campestris and Escherichia coli
Maryam Rabani Roya Rezaeian-Doloei Mehdi Jabari-NoghabiUsing of natural products instead of chemicals and antibiotics to control bacterial pathogens is interest of researchers. The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effects of lavenderessential oil against Xanthomonas campestris and Escherichia coli in laborat MoreUsing of natural products instead of chemicals and antibiotics to control bacterial pathogens is interest of researchers. The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effects of lavenderessential oil against Xanthomonas campestris and Escherichia coli in laboratory condition. Chemical compounds of lavender essential oils were identified by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity of essential oils in comparison with gentamicin antibiotic was determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lavenderessential oils was evaluated by macrobroth dilution method by preparing different concentrations of 0.004 to 4% in nutrient broth medium. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined using culture method in nutrient agar medium. Zone of growth inhibition of X. campestris varied from 3.83 ± 0.35 to 18.7 ± 0.77 mm in concentration of 0.25 to 4% respectively and for E. coli in concentration 0.125 to 4 % from 4.5 ± 0.7 to 17.6 ± 0.9 mm. The MIC and MBC of lavenderessential oils against X. campestris equal of 1 and 2% and about E. coli equal to 0.125 and 0.25%, respectively. The most constitutive compounds of lavenderessential oils included of linalool (44.94%) and 1,8-cineol (21.5%). Lavender essential oils can be used as natural antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of some Iranian lichens
Soleiman Jamshidi Seyyedeh Maryam Shahidi Mohammad Sohrabi Samira JamshidiLichens are known as one of the greatest sources of natural compounds having antibiotic properties which some of them are being used as drugs for special diseases therapy. In current study, inhibitive, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of methanol extracts of f MoreLichens are known as one of the greatest sources of natural compounds having antibiotic properties which some of them are being used as drugs for special diseases therapy. In current study, inhibitive, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of methanol extracts of five lichens derived from Arasbaran, East Azarbaijan Province of Iran including Pleopsidiumgobiensis, Parmelinatiliacea, Anaptychiasetifera and Lecanoraargopholis on some plant derived bacteria such asPseudomonas fluorecens, Bacillus subtillis and Enterobactersp. were studied using disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory and bactericide concentration methods. Methanol extracts of lichens had significant inhibitive effects of studied bacteria other than Enterobactersp. in disc diffusion agar method. A. setifera extracts had less inhibitive in bacteria than others. All lichens extracts had more or less bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on bacteria. Methanol extracts of all lichens had various bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on bacteria P. gobiensis and P. tiliaceahad much more bacteriostatic and bactericide comparing two other lichens. Lichens extracts was more inhibitive against B. subtillis. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal reaction of Enterobactersp. to lichen extracts was more than two other bacteria. Regarding results of the results, the lichens extracts could have remarkable potential for studied plant bacteria biocontrol and might be considered as promising agents against pathogens. Manuscript profile
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