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Open Access Article
1 - Developing A Fault Diagnosis Approach Based On Artificial Neural Network And Self Organization Map For Occurred ADSL Faults
Vahid Golmah Mina Tashakori -
Open Access Article
2 - Utilizing Plant Extracts and Essential Oils as Bio-Based Additives in Biodegradable Polymer Coatings for Food Packaging: A Review
Marjan NouriEdible films and coatings have gained increasing interest due to demands for convenient, ready-to-eat foods with extended shelf life. However, packaging without additives or pigments is insufficient to preserve foods due to various limitations. This review discusses the MoreEdible films and coatings have gained increasing interest due to demands for convenient, ready-to-eat foods with extended shelf life. However, packaging without additives or pigments is insufficient to preserve foods due to various limitations. This review discusses the potential of utilizing natural extracts and essential oils as promising free or encapsulated additives to enhance the functionality of edible films and coatings. Extracts and essential oils offer antioxidant, antimicrobial and emulsifying properties when incorporated into coatings. Their incorporation level, type and nanoencapsulation influence their activity against food-spoiling microbes and their ability to extend shelf life. Nanoencapsulation preserves bioactive compounds against environmental stresses like oxygen and moisture, prolonging coating stability. This review focuses on recent research evaluating natural extracts and essential oils as additives in edible films and coatings applied to various foods. Their antimicrobial and antioxidant effects on coated substrates are discussed. The benefits and limitations of developing antimicrobial and antioxidant-active packaging technologies are also reviewed. Biodegradable smart coatings utilizing natural additives provide a sustainable food packaging approach with reduced environmental impacts while ensuring safety. Overall, extracts and essential oils show great potential as natural additives to develop high-performance edible films and coatings when applied in free or encapsulated forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The inhibitory effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil nanoliposomes on Shiga-toxin 2 expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7
Ali Zabihi Afshin Akhondzadeh basti Ghasem Amoabediny Akram Tabatabaee Bafroee Ali Khanjari Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz -
Open Access Article
4 - Studies on sleep disorders in relation to health
Sara Sarrafi Zadeh Khyrunnisa Begum -
Open Access Article
5 - Sleep Disorder in relation to Health and Quality of life
Sara Sarrafi Zadeh Khyrunnisa Begum -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluating the Isomorphism of Green Tax in the Presence of the Element of Thick Decision: The Interpretive Ranking Process (IRP)
Behzad Ghobadi Houshang Amiri Ghasem RekabdarIn the capital market, due to the separation of ownership from management, the values and benefits of interest between shareholders and companies are different, and the existence of these differences has led to the development of theoretical approaches in corporate deci MoreIn the capital market, due to the separation of ownership from management, the values and benefits of interest between shareholders and companies are different, and the existence of these differences has led to the development of theoretical approaches in corporate decision-making to balance equity. Congestion decision making as a concept with pluralism of values at the level of the capital market has been considered as a philosophical theoretical approach in recent years. The existence of such values in decision-making, while it can lead to greater interaction between the company and stakeholders, can help increase sustainability in various areas such as environment, taxation, economics, etc. Evaluating the Isomorphism of Green Tax in the Presence of the Element of Thick Decision by Interpretive Ranking Process (IRP). In this research, in order to identify the components (consequences of glass ceiling) and research propositions (hegemonic of power acceptance), a combined analysis was performed with the participation of 15 accounting experts at the university level and In the quantitative part, the components and propositions identified in the form of matrix questionnaires were evaluated by 22 CEO in Capital Market. The results showed that the statement of social responsibility in decision making (B2); Reducing conflict of interest in decision-making (B5) and legitimacy in decision-making (B6) are the most influential philosophical themes in crowdfunding decision-making at the capital market level, which reinforces the consequence of reducing environmental pollution as a component of green tax sustainability. This result suggests that crowdfunding decision-making, which describes the pursuit of a significant level of pluralistic social values, reinforces the implications of green taxes for the future, as companies increase their social responsibilities by expanding their social responsibilities to strengthen productive infrastructure. Reduce themselves and, through the disclosure of voluntary information in the form of financial statements, enrich social confidence and trust through insight into congestion decisions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Structural Model of Somatic Symptoms based on Perceived Social Support and Childhood Trauma in Patients with Epilepsy: Mediating Role of Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Masoumeh Mohammadbeigi Afsaneh Taheri Khadijeh Abolmaali Koroush GharergozliIntroduction: Considering the importance of examining somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the media MoreIntroduction: Considering the importance of examining somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy. Methods: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was the patients with epilepsy of Iran in the 2021 year, which number of 260 people of them were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The research tools were included somatic symptoms questionnaire (Kroenke et al., 2002), perceived social support scale (Zimet et al., 1988), childhood trauma questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS-24 and AMOS-26 software. Results: The findings showed that the model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy had a good fit. Also, social support had a significant negative effect on depression, anxiety and stress and somatic symptoms, childhood trauma had a significant positive effect on depression, anxiety and stress, and depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05), but trauma childhood had no significant effect on somatic symptoms (P>0.05). In addition, social support with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant negative effect on somatic symptoms and childhood trauma with the mediation of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is necessary to plan to reduce somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy by increasing social support and reducing depression, anxiety and stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Analysis of the institutional Isomorphic Approach in Providing a Model for Carbon Disclosure Strategies in Financial Reporting of Tehran Stock Exchange Companies
MAHDI vaseei Hasan Valiyan Mohammadreza AbdoliCarbon disclosure is one of the aspects of green accounting in “corporate strategies,” especially those operating across the capital market. Adherence to the disclosure of facts can facilitate sustainable development in societies. The purpose of this researc MoreCarbon disclosure is one of the aspects of green accounting in “corporate strategies,” especially those operating across the capital market. Adherence to the disclosure of facts can facilitate sustainable development in societies. The purpose of this research is Analysis of the institutional Isomorphic Approach in Providing a Model for Carbon Disclosure Strategies in Financial Reporting of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. From a methodological point of view, this research is one of the combined researches which was done with the participation of 16 experts and environmental consultants at the academic level and economic enterprises in the qualitative section and 25 managers of Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Sampling in both target communities was available and homogeneous. In this study, the frequency and the appropriate nature of the three meta-synthesis analysis, Delphi and comprehensive model was used to analyze the structural interpretation. The results in the cross-sectional section, among the 48 related studies, confirmed 14 studies to be validated in the form of critical evaluation analysis, 20 statements and 3 main components. Then, the results in the Delphi analysis section with the aim of reaching the theoretical adequacy showed that out of a total of 20 initial propositions, finally 12 final propositions were approved and entered into the analysis of the comprehensive structural interpretive model. Finally, the results in this section showed that the most effective strategic proposition for carbon disclosure in financial reporting is the proposition of strengthening internal controls for waste control (G1) as a statement of choice and disclosure strategy the most ineffective propositions for the development of environmental culture were identified in order to protect the rights of stakeholders (G2). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of Different Somatic Cell Levels on Nitrogen Components of Yoghurt Milk and Probiotic Set Yoghurt During Storage Life
A. Bavaria H. Ezzatpanah M. Aminafshar M. A. Mohammadifar -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of nanoliposomes coated with astaxanthin on growth performance indices and feed product efficiency of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Mojdeh Besharat Houman Rajabi Islami Mehdi Soltani Seyed Abdolmajid MousaviThe present study investigated the effect of nanoliposome-coated astaxanthin (NA) in the diet on growth indices of rainbow trout. A total of 375 fish with an average initial weight of 31.00±2.00 g were divided into five treatments including 0 (control), 25, 50, 7 MoreThe present study investigated the effect of nanoliposome-coated astaxanthin (NA) in the diet on growth indices of rainbow trout. A total of 375 fish with an average initial weight of 31.00±2.00 g were divided into five treatments including 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg kg-1 NA. Each treatment had three replications and each replication contained 25 pieces of fish that were randomly stored in 15 tanks with capacity of 200 liter and fed with food related to the same treatment for 60 days. The results showed that the highest percentage of weight gain (225.22±13.80) was related to the treatment of 75 mg kg-1 NA and the lowest (194.57±12.88) was related to the treatment of 100 mg kg-1 NA. Also, the highest daily growth rate (%) with 2.51±0.10 g d-1 was from the treatment of 75 mg kg-1 NA, which was significantly higher than the amount in the control (p <0.05). The highest rate of food efficiency was from the treatment of 75 mg kg-1 NA. The finding of the present study indicated that 83.61 mg NA has the best effect on the growth of rainbow trout and is recommended for culturing of this fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The effects of isomerism and side chain mutation on binding energy and NMR/NQR tensors of L-methionylasparagine and L-asparagylmethionine
Arezoo Tahan -
Open Access Article
12 - An Analytical Approach in Acknowledging the Elements, Indices and Characteristics of Urban Sustainable Development
Mohammadreza Pourjafar Zahra Khodaie Ali Pourkheiri -
Open Access Article
13 - Temporal-Spatial Analysis of Rainfall Days Frequency Trend of Western Iran Regions
شهاب شفیعی غلامعلی مظفریPrecipitation including climatic elements in the dimension of time and space changes a lot. In the study of extreme precipitation because of the devastating effect it is of great importance. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze theslope of the western region MorePrecipitation including climatic elements in the dimension of time and space changes a lot. In the study of extreme precipitation because of the devastating effect it is of great importance. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze theslope of the western regions of extreme precipitation, which is to achieve this goalprecipitation data of 69 synoptic stations and climate (province of Kerman, Kermanshah, Hamedan, Ilam, Lorestan and Kurdistan), in during the statistical period (2010-1961) were used and the annual threshold of extreme precipitation West generalized method of distributing a limit to the western regions of the country to 22 mm respectively. The extreme precipitation for each month during the period under study western regions using Mann-Kendall method identified and analyzed. and in December this increase was observed in the western half of Kermanshah province and in February this positive trend observed in the northwestern province of Kurdistan conceptual framework, these areas are consistent with the Zagros mountains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Diagnostic Value of Milk Enzymatic Markers Lactate Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase for Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle
سعید Akbari Aliabad S. O. Ghasemian S. Z. PeighambarzadehMastitis could be diagnosed by diverse methods, including physical, clinical, and laboratory tests. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of subclinical mastitis diagnosis using enzymatic diagnostic tests for milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phos MoreMastitis could be diagnosed by diverse methods, including physical, clinical, and laboratory tests. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of subclinical mastitis diagnosis using enzymatic diagnostic tests for milk lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study was performed on 90 Holstein cows selected randomly out of high- and low-yielding dairy cattle. According to the result of the California Mastitis Test, two milk samples were obtained from the intended udder quarters based on the principles of the National Mastitis Council. One specimen was used for microbial culture and the other one was utilized for somatic cell count (SCC), as well as milk LDH and ALP tests by diagnostic kits. Considering microbial culture as the gold standard for subclinical mastitis diagnosis, the sensitivity of SCC, ALP, and LDH tests was 87%, 59.3%, and 70.4%, respectively. Moreover, the specificity of these tests was 77.8%, 80.6%, and 77.8%, respectively. Our findings revealed a strong correlation between SCC, LDH, and ALP. It was observed that an increase in SCC was accompanied by augmented LDH response. According to the results of the present study, SCC was the most efficient test for diagnosing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows, followed by LDH and ALP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Concept of Sacrifice (Yajna/Yasna) in Ancient India and Iran
محمدرضا عدلیIn the ancient times, sacrifice was the most important rite in India andIran. In India, sacrifice gradually became a sophisticated rite, to such adegree that its performance required the attendance of several priests.There was a rigid doctrine that the cosmic order was MoreIn the ancient times, sacrifice was the most important rite in India andIran. In India, sacrifice gradually became a sophisticated rite, to such adegree that its performance required the attendance of several priests.There was a rigid doctrine that the cosmic order was in accordance withthe rite of sacrifice. The detailed description of the ritual was collectedin several books which are called Brahmanas. In fact, Brahmanasreflect the age of ritualism, in which the priests were the most powerfulmen in India. In ancient Iran, for the orthodox Zoroastrianism, sacrificewas a religious obligation and its obligatory character is traceable fromYasna.Comparing the Indian and Iranian traditions, reveals manysimilarities: Firstly, in both traditions, sacrifice grew out of a commonIndo-Iranian root. Although there are some references to the ritual inRgveda, its full development occurred in the later scriptures (inBrahmanas). On the other side, in the Gathas of Zoroaster, sacrifice isdescribed as an undesirable act, but later (in Yasna) it became thecentral rite of Zoroastrianism. In later periods, the glorious rite ofsacrifice declined in both lands, in India because of esotericism and inIran due to the external factors (i.e. the advent of Islam). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Soma and Haoma in Ancient India and Iran
مریم نوابی احمدرضا معتمدیThe ritual of Soma and Haoma is one of the most important rituals inancient India and Iran. In this ritual the plant Soma/Haoma was beingsqueezed until its juice being prepared. According to Avesta and gveda the first form of Soma/Haoma was a plant known because ofits e MoreThe ritual of Soma and Haoma is one of the most important rituals inancient India and Iran. In this ritual the plant Soma/Haoma was beingsqueezed until its juice being prepared. According to Avesta and gveda the first form of Soma/Haoma was a plant known because ofits extraordinary effects and gradually special rites was developedaround it. The rite of the preparation of Soma/Haoma juice wasaccompanied by special ceremonies and customs and it should beperformed only under the direction of the priests. Holiness of this plantgradually opened the way for appearance of a god with the same namei.e. the god Soma/Haoma. Therefore, several pieces in Avesta andRgveda were dedicated to this god. According to these pieces the mostimportant function of the god Soma/Haoma is bringing health andimmortality. It seems likely that the curative properties of this planthave been attributed to the god. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Synthesis of Nano Phytosomes of Shallot Extract and its Effect on E. Coli Bacteria
H. Al-jazaeri A. EbrahimiIntroduction: Recent researches have indicated that phytochemicals compounds are important as antioxidants and antimicrobials in food. The use of nano carrier-based formulations in controlled release and protection of these compounds is an effective way to maintain thes MoreIntroduction: Recent researches have indicated that phytochemicals compounds are important as antioxidants and antimicrobials in food. The use of nano carrier-based formulations in controlled release and protection of these compounds is an effective way to maintain these properties. In this study, Iranian shallot with the scientific name of Allium stipitatum Regel has been used due to the unique phytochemicals of this plant. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the synthesized nano-phytosomes containing shallot phytochemical compounds and their antimicrobial effects in comparison with shallot extract.Materials and Methods: An aqueous-alcoholic extract of shallot was obtained from dried shallot. The structure of the nano-phytosome was prepared by the thin layer hydroxylation method. The structure of the synthesized nano-phytosomes was examined by SEM microscope and dynamic light scattering DLS. Finally, antimicrobial properties were evaluated on Escherichia coli bacteria. Antibacterial assay was performed using MIC and MBC tests for shallot extract and nano-phytosome samples at successive concentrations of the sample.Results: Structure study of nano-phytosomes indicated the spherical shape and size between 5-10 nm of nano-phytosomes. Dispersion of nano-phytosomes in the colloidal medium was observed in a suitable form and PDI index equal to 0.586. The results of microbial tests showed that the effect of nano-phytosomes on bacteria was significantly greater than the antimicrobial power of nano phytosomes compared to shallot extract on Escherichia coli samples. Conclusion: This study can prove the effect of shallot extract nano-phytosome as an antimicrobial nanobiostructure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effect of Microliposomes Containing Phenolic and Tocopherol Compounds of (Pistacia atlantica) Kernel Oil on the Butter Stability
M. Nikkhah J. Khoshkho S. E. Hoseini P. Mahasti A. AkhondzadehIntroduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent MoreIntroduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent undesirable taste of phenolic compounds. Therefore in this study, the effect of micro liposomes containing phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica (Beneh) oil on oxidative stability of butter was investigated.Results: The particle size of liposome was in the range of 4-9μm. The addition of cholesterol had a significant effect on particle size. The addition of cholesterol increased the zeta potential of the samples. The total concentration of 40 to 20 mg lecithin to cholesterol was identified as an optimal concentration in the production of micro liposomes and it was used in determination of oxidative stability of butter. The results showed that N400 (sample containing 400 mg / 1000g of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica) had the highest stability.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that use of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of Beneh kernel oil, in form of microcapsules might be used to prevent chemical spoilage and also increase the shelf life and beneficial properties of cream and butter derived it, and it has taken a positive step towards producing functional products and promoting consumer health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Encapsulation of Tribulus terrestris and Valeriana officinalis Extracts in Nanoliposomes and Evaluation of its Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties
M. Nouri M. Shafaghi Rad -
Open Access Article
20 - نوع جدیدی از شاخص هندسی-حسابی یالی
M. Sakiدر این مقاله ، دومین نسخه شاخص هندسی - حسابی یالی گراف ها متعلق به کلاس شاخص های هندسی - حسابی را در نظر می گیریم. این تقریباً مربوط به نسخه های جدید شاخص های سگد و PIرأسی از گراف خط است. خواص اصلی مانند کران های بالا و پایین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ما نوع دوم Moreدر این مقاله ، دومین نسخه شاخص هندسی - حسابی یالی گراف ها متعلق به کلاس شاخص های هندسی - حسابی را در نظر می گیریم. این تقریباً مربوط به نسخه های جدید شاخص های سگد و PIرأسی از گراف خط است. خواص اصلی مانند کران های بالا و پایین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ما نوع دوم شاخص هندسی-حساب یالی را برای برخی گراف ها، چنبره TUC4C6C8 [p,q] و ایزومرهای مولکول اکتان محاسبه و مقایسه می کنیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Position of work in human’s life
Hosein Jamali ZadehContemplation in Islamic sources the importance and value of work and working from Islam’s point of view would be clarified; it insists on its crucial role in life and knows it as a principle for living. In case of tribulation, other elements would MoreContemplation in Islamic sources the importance and value of work and working from Islam’s point of view would be clarified; it insists on its crucial role in life and knows it as a principle for living. In case of tribulation, other elements would be damaged as well. In other words, attempting for life and living and working in order to produce and meet the needs is known as a duty by Islam which causes a close relationship with God. The Prophet and other Imams did the same in order to make such relation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The legal nature of Ransom
Majid KhazaieOne of the most important aspects of ransom is its legal nature; whether the ransom payment is because of its punishment nature or of its wreck or both ones. The other point is that the legal nature of ransom would have functional effects in commandment a MoreOne of the most important aspects of ransom is its legal nature; whether the ransom payment is because of its punishment nature or of its wreck or both ones. The other point is that the legal nature of ransom would have functional effects in commandment and if yes it should be argued that why there is no discussion in juridical books. The present article attempts to study the reasons of ransom wrecks and punishments and finally surveys on the offered solutions for the related issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Development of exosome based drug delivery system for cancer treatment: a comprehensive review
shamseddin yousef amoli Razieh Yousefian molla Toktam Deylami Masoumeh Deylami Zahra shahab movahed Meghdad GhiyasiIn the present era, prevalence of cancer is increasing all over the world. So far, a variety of methods have been used to cure and stop cancer, but this disease resistance to current anticancer drugs has created a new need to new pharmaceutical compounds and drug delive MoreIn the present era, prevalence of cancer is increasing all over the world. So far, a variety of methods have been used to cure and stop cancer, but this disease resistance to current anticancer drugs has created a new need to new pharmaceutical compounds and drug delivery system. Immune deficiency can lead to tumor growth and progression. Therefore, cancer immunotherapy is amongst methods that prevent tumor growth. Exosomes are normal nano- carriers which have been distributed widely in the body fluids and are involved in various diseases processes, including tumorigenic. Exosomes have various advantages. They are non-toxic and non- immunogenic, they are capable of being designed to determine specific target and deliver drug. Therefore, they are used as a strong nano-structure to present anti-cancer drugs with the aim to treat cancer. This method has advanced to ease its usage in medical programs and biotechnology techniques. In this review paper, we investigate the development of Exosomes-based drug delivery systems over time and its advantages and functions. Effectiveness studies on exosome nano-particles using cancer cells and biological models as well as clinical trial are also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Energetic and electronic properties of bilirubin photoisomerization products using density functional theory
Maryam Taheri احسان زاهدی Mohammad Taghi BaeiThe thermodynamic stability and the electronic structures of bilirubin isomers along the photoisomerization process have been studied using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory in aqueous solvent medium. The stability of 4Z,15Z isom MoreThe thermodynamic stability and the electronic structures of bilirubin isomers along the photoisomerization process have been studied using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory in aqueous solvent medium. The stability of 4Z,15Z isomer in comparison with other isomers is due to the presence of six intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The most stable bilirubin isomer has the lowest and the most unstable isomer has the highest electron–hole pair binding energy in the S1 excited state. The maximum absorption band for all studied isomers are related to the HOMO→LUMO and HOMO→LUMO+1 electron transfers due to the π→π* charge transfer while the weak peak of UV-Vis spectrum is related to the n→π* charge transfer. The main absorption wavelength in the bilirubin isomers around 400 nm for blue-purple light and its complementary color is yellow-orange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - study of dithioglyoxal conformations and how it is formed from 1, 2-ditate by DFT method
vahideh hadigheh rezvan1, 2-Dithiete is a cyclic and unsaturated compound. This organo sulfuric compound can be converted to di-thiolene (dithioglyoxal) which is its valence isomer. Conversion reaction of 1, 2-dithiete to di-thiolene, structural properties, polarity, and polarizability of som More1, 2-Dithiete is a cyclic and unsaturated compound. This organo sulfuric compound can be converted to di-thiolene (dithioglyoxal) which is its valence isomer. Conversion reaction of 1, 2-dithiete to di-thiolene, structural properties, polarity, and polarizability of some derivatives of these two valence isomers was examined by quantum mechanical method at the level of DFT/LSDA theory and bases sets 6-311 ++ g (d, p) using computational program Gaussian. The conversion of 1, 2-dithiete to di-thiolene takes place through the S-cis conformation pathway and is a exothermic reaction. For di-thiolene, two conformations, S-cis and S-trans, were obtained. The S-trans conformation is more stable. In the case of ten derivatives (R = CH3, CF3, Cl, CN, OCH3, CH2CH3, t-Bu, Cyclopropyl, Cyclobutyl, and Cyclopentyl) the S-cis conformations are so unstable that they are not obtained as local structures. In general, S-trans di-thiolene are more stable than their cyclic valence isomers, 1,2-dithietes. Of course, the degree of stability depends on the type of substituent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Phytochemical-based vesicular system for the treatment of vitiligo: A review
Pooja Pardeshi Chinmay Kapile Abhijeet Kulkarni Vishal Gulecha Amar Zalte Shweta Gedam -
Open Access Article
27 - Chemical composition, herbicidal, antifeedant and cytotoxic activity of Hedychium spicatum Sm.: A Zingiberaceae herb
Avneesh Rawat Payal Thapa Om Prakash Ravendra Kumar A.K. Pant R.M. Srivastava D.S. Rawat -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of Instructing the Spivak & Shure Problem Solving Procedure on Decreasing Depression Level of Moto-Somatic Disabled Students in
آذر نصیری پرویز شریفی درآمدی سیدرضا میر مهدیAbstract: Present study was conducted with the objective of investigating effect of problem solving employing Spivak & Shure procedure on reducing depression level of motor-somatic disabled students in Junior High school lvel. Statistical population included all somatom MoreAbstract: Present study was conducted with the objective of investigating effect of problem solving employing Spivak & Shure procedure on reducing depression level of motor-somatic disabled students in Junior High school lvel. Statistical population included all somatomotor disabled students of Isfahan city guidance schools. In this research, using bech Depression Inventory individuals were diagnosed as depressed students who were randomly divided into two groups of individuals each, individuals as test group and others as controls. Research plan is of experimented "Pre-test-post-test" with control group. Following providing the problem-solving education tried, during a period of seven weeks to the test group, once again the bech depression inventory was conducted on both depressive groups test and the results were studies and compared. Obtained data using independent and covariance analysis tests showed a significant difference between mean depression scores in the test and control groups. In Other words, individuals differences in variance of scores of the two groups were due to education . Results obtained from the other hypothesis of research indicated that differences between the effect of problem solving education on reducing level of depression based on gender was not significant, therefore, effect of education on reducing depression level of boys and girls has been similar . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effectiveness of group cognitive therapy on symptoms of insomnia in women with chronic insomnia
نعیمه امین نیا اصغر آقایی حسین مولوی محمد رضا نجفیThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group cognitive therapy on symptoms of insomnia in women with chronic insomnia. The study had a quasi-experimental (Repeated measurement) design and the statistical population were the women who came to the MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group cognitive therapy on symptoms of insomnia in women with chronic insomnia. The study had a quasi-experimental (Repeated measurement) design and the statistical population were the women who came to the neurologist, among whom 18 persons were selected as the accessible sample and then they were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (cognitive therapy group) and control (drug treatment). All subjects received hypnotic drugs (Benzodiazepines). The instrument was a researcher- made Chronic Insomnia Symptoms Questionnaire. The results of analysis of covariance showed that group cognitive therapy is significantly effective in reducing chronic insomnia symptoms (P < 0/01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management on Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms of Women with Premenstrual Syndrome
farzane mirzaei hamid taher neshat doost kazem mahani sheida jabal ameli tahere mehrollahiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) on the anxiety and somatic symptoms of women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). This semi-experimental study was conducted as post- test and pre-test by control grou MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) on the anxiety and somatic symptoms of women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). This semi-experimental study was conducted as post- test and pre-test by control groups. Statistical population included women who had referred to 3 Rafsanjan city pregnancy clinics in May 2009. The sampling method was "step by step" random sampling so after random choice of one clinic, from among women who referred to this clinic, 50 women were selected as available sample and then 20 of them, who acquired the highest score by the Questionnaires for Estimating PMS, were selected as final sample and were randomly separated into two equal groups. Data gathered by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Questionnaires for Estimating PMS Symptoms. The women of interventional group took part in 90-minutes training program for 8 sessions. Post–test scores recorded and data analyzed by co-variance test using SPSS-16 software. The data from two groups showed that the mean scores of post-test anxiety (P < 0.05) significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results also showed that the mean scores of post-test of somatic symptoms in experimental group did not decrease significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Relation between Just World Beliefs for Selfand Others With General Health, LifeSatisfaction, Positive and Negative Affectand Automatic Thoughts
محسن گلپرور محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار منوچهر کامکار سارا جوادیAbstract The purpose of this research was investigating relationship between just world beliefs with general health, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and automatic thoughts. In this regard, from statistical population (total of males and females habitan MoreAbstract The purpose of this research was investigating relationship between just world beliefs with general health, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect and automatic thoughts. In this regard, from statistical population (total of males and females habitants in Isfahan) persons for answer to the research questionnaires randomly selected with using multi-stage sampling. Five questionnaires used in this research: general health (with four subscales), life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, automatic thoughts and just world beliefs for self and others. The data analyzed with using Pearson's correlation coefficient and enter and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that, there is negative significant correlation between general health subscales and life satisfaction with just world beliefs for self and others (P < ). The another section of results showed that there is negative significant correlation between positive affect with just world beliefs for self and others but positive significant correlation between negative affect and just world beliefs for self and other ( P < ). Also automatic thoughts have positive significant correlation with just world beliefs for self and others (P < ). The results of enter regression analysis showed that from total of research variables, only life satisfaction have predictive power for prediction of just world beliefs for self and others. Also stepwise regression analysis showed that from total of research variables, only life satisfaction and depression have predictive power for prediction of just world beliefs for self and others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Phenomenology Study: Identifying of experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions in 22-57 years old women victims of infidelity.
maryam tavallaei mohamadhosan fallah Ronak Eshghi Seyed Alireza AfshaniThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old from Isfahan in 1397 who were selected through purposive or judgmental sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using Collaizi method. The data analysis resulted in 2 main themes: psychosomatic reactions and physical reactions; for each of them, more subthemes were found. Psychosomatic reactions including: body fitness problems, nutrition problems, respiratory problems, cordial problems, muscular problems, sleep problems, nervous problems, anxiety reactions, digestive problems, and blood pressure problems; and physical reactions including: physical problems and somatization. The results of this study showed that infidelity was not experienced similarly by all women victims. Different perceptions of infidelity have various effects on victim women and they have different experiences and reactions. Regarding the fact that the findings of the study have been elicited through interview and the cultural context of the society, it may be helpful for the experts to know the victim women experiences and provide useful psychological services to such women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Selecting the best wavelet packet pier inspired by biological methods
Alireza Rezaee -
Open Access Article
34 - Combining Principal Component Analysis Methods and Self-Organized and Vector Learning Neural Networks for Radar Data
Saeed Talati Mohammad Reza Hassani Ahangar -
Open Access Article
35 - Study of Anti - Antimutagen and Anti-Cancer Effect of Oxali Paldyvm and Nano Oxali Palladium by Ames Test (Ames) and the Metabolic System (Rat Liver Microsomes)
Sedighe Mehrabian Mojtaba Vafajoo Adeleh DivsalarInroduction & Objective: Deaths from cancer are rising in many countries. Oxali palladium and palladium nano oxali are anti-cancer drugs, the consumption of beneficial effects on the health of the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-cance MoreInroduction & Objective: Deaths from cancer are rising in many countries. Oxali palladium and palladium nano oxali are anti-cancer drugs, the consumption of beneficial effects on the health of the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-cancer, anti-mutation and oxali Paldyvm and palladium nano is oxali materials and waysMaterial and MethodIn this study, oxali palladium and palladium nanoparticles synthesized oxali anti-ejection and anti-cancer effects were used to. Anti-mutagenicity test was performed according to the Ames test. After comparing test results between samples tested positive control (sodium azide) and negative control (distilled water) was determined. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.Results: Anti-mutation effect was observed in both the tested materials. Oxali contain mutations in 83% of palladium and palladium nano oxali was 77. The percentage of inhibition of mutant rat liver microsomes in between the tested materials in emergency situations to the absence of microsomes were not significantly different (P Conclusions:Both of oxali palladium and palladium nano oxali anti-ejection and anti-cancer effects were high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects Of Bismuth Nanoparticles with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes
Bahar Shams Kilani Sedighe Mehrabian Farzaneh HosseiniIntroduction and Objective:The usage of nanoparticles is growing in various fields due to their low cost, high efficiency and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, their potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or car MoreIntroduction and Objective:The usage of nanoparticles is growing in various fields due to their low cost, high efficiency and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, their potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of Bismuth nanoparticles with a size of 56nm, and the concentrations of 156.25,78.1, 39.1 ppm .Materials and Methods: In this study, we utilize the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100Firstly, the purity of the strains was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. Then the different concentration of Bismuth nanoparticles was separately added to minimal glucose agar medium containing TA100. Subsequently, they were compared against the positive control ( samples containing mutated bacteria and sodium azide ) and negative control ( containing mutated bacteria and distilled water ). In the next phase of this research the rat liver micrsomes was separately added to the minimal glucose agar medium containing the suspected carcinogenic Bismuth nanoparticles , and negative and positive controls and all back colonies were counted.Results:The number of revertant colonies the treated plates with S9 is decreased and it means mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of Bismuth nanoparticles with S9 is decreased.Conclusion:The results of the present study shows that the Bismuth nanoparticles at concentrations examined had no mutagenic and carcinogenic effect Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Indagate biometry and gonado somatic index in male perch Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758)in Lahijan Amirkelayeh Wetland
Mohammad Vafajo Dyanati Hossein Khara Ali Bani Rezvanollah Khazemi Maryam SaemiInroduction and Objective: Perch (Percafluviatilis Linnaeus) is from Percidae and one of the valuable fishes in terms of ecological and economical and have limited habitat in iran, stands for the highest stocks in Amirkelayeh and Anzali wetlands, there lived a groupmatu MoreInroduction and Objective: Perch (Percafluviatilis Linnaeus) is from Percidae and one of the valuable fishes in terms of ecological and economical and have limited habitat in iran, stands for the highest stocks in Amirkelayeh and Anzali wetlands, there lived a groupmature at age 2-3.Materials and Methods:The studies of biometry and gonadosomatic index are the important indicators of reproduction biology in fishes. The present study was conducted in November 2011and December,January, Februaryand March 2011 in Amirkelayeh wetland and 126 specimens caught by gillnet while they were 2,3,4,5 years old, respectively.Results: In Lahijan Amirkelayeh wetland to investigate gonadosomatic index and biometry in this male species. According to the results obtained highest average total length (22.5 cm), fork length (21.5 cm), standard length (19 . 5 cm), body weight (158 g) and gonad weight (7.15 g) of 5 year old fish and the lowest average total length (13 cm), fork length (12.5 cm), standard length (11 cm), body weight (28.7 g) and gonad weight (1.82 g) belonged to 2 year old fish. There was significant different in mean of total length, fork length, standard length, body weight and gonad weight among differente group of age (P 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparison of the effect of exosomes derived from Sertoli cells with vitamin C on damage induced by electromagnetic field (50 Hz) in spermatogonial stem cells
Farzaneh Salek Javad Baharara Khadijeh Nejad Shahrokhabadi Elaheh AminiIntroduction & Objective: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as adult stem cells are crucial for spermatogenesis. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) leads to biological activity disruption of these cells and spermatogenesis. Antioxidants like vitamin C can reduce the damage MoreIntroduction & Objective: Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as adult stem cells are crucial for spermatogenesis. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) leads to biological activity disruption of these cells and spermatogenesis. Antioxidants like vitamin C can reduce the damage caused by EMF through oxidative stress reduction. Recent studies also reported the key role of Sertoli cell paracrine signaling in regulating the maintenance and differentiation of SSCs. Thus, we examined and compared the effect of vitamin C and exosomes derived from Sertoli cells on damage induced by EMF in SSCs. Material and Methods: SSCs and Sertoli cells were isolated from the testes of immature male mice. The alkaline phosphatase activity of SSCs was investigated. SSCs were exposed to 50 Hz EMF intensity of 2.5 mT for one hour/five days and were treated with the optimal concentration of vitamin C and various concentrations of exosome. Then the rate of viability, colonization capacity, and apoptosis of these cells were examined. Results: Our results showed the destructive effect of EMF by reducing viability, colonization rate and alteration of SSCs nuclei. Also, these results were confirmed by increasing expression level of Caspase 9 as apoptotic gene and down-regulation of SOD as antioxidant gene. The addition of vitamin C and exosomes improved the alterations induced by EMF in SSCs; however exosomes had more ameliorative effect in comparison with vitamin C on these alterations. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the capacity and effectiveness of exosomes as a new therapeutic agent that can restore SSCs microenvironment damaged caused by EMF exposure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Hydro Ethanolic Seeds Extract of Neem(Azadirachta indica) and Bakain (Melia azedarach) to the Number of Trypanosoma evansi Steel in Liver of Mice
shahrzad nassiri semnani nastaran GhasempourInroduction & Objective: Trypanosoma evansi induced trypanosomiasis causes infection in domestic mammals as well as humans. Treatment of trypanosomiasis has limitations, including resistance to chemical drugs. The aim of this study was to identify active natural pro MoreInroduction & Objective: Trypanosoma evansi induced trypanosomiasis causes infection in domestic mammals as well as humans. Treatment of trypanosomiasis has limitations, including resistance to chemical drugs. The aim of this study was to identify active natural products and compare the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of neem seeds and bitter olives against the resistant agent of this disease in the liver organ of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi.Material and Methods: After collecting and identifying neem and Bakain seeds plants, hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from their seeds by Perkoleh method and after concentrating 100-500 mg / kg of rat weight peritoneally to male rats infected with 3×107 Trypanosoma evansi were injected for 3 days. Routine method was used to determine the number of noises. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP were measured. Tissue pathology tests of. Histopathological liver tests were performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Statistical evaluation was performed using ANOVA analysis of variance and Prism software and the error limit of p <0.05 was accepted as a significant difference.Results: Neem and Bakain seeds extracts both reduced the number of parasites and compared to the two extracts, the reducing effect of Bakain was greater than that of Neem. Congestion changes, fat degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, Necrosis and cell infiltration in the liver nephritis was higher of the control groups than the treated groups.Conclusion: The use of neem and Bakain seeds hydroalcoholic extracts of in a certain amount of herbal medicine is effective in trypanosomosis (soda). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Probiotice Bacteria with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes(S9)
maryam EKrami ُSedigheh mehrabian Robab Rafiei TabatabeiInroduction & Objective: Probiotic bacteria is potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Prob MoreInroduction & Objective: Probiotic bacteria is potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess Investigation about the Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Probiotice Bacteria with Using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and Rat Liver Microsomes(S9). Material and Methods:In this study, we utilize the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Firstly, the purity of the strains was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. In the next phase of this research the rat liver micrsomes was separately added to the minimal glucose agar medium containing the suspected carcinogenic, andprobiotice bacteria negative and positive controls and all back colonies were counted. Results: The number of revertant colonies the treated plates with S9 is decreased and it means mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of probiotice bacteria with S9 is decreased. Conclusion: The results of the present study shows that the probiotice bacteria at concentrations examined had no mutagenic and carcinogenic effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیک در جمعیت های مختلف ساردین رنگین کمان(Clupeidae: ,Dussomieria acuta) موجود در خلیج فارس و دریای عمان
پرستو رحیمی مهدی رهنما -
Open Access Article
42 - Cassida palaestina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new record for the chrysomelid fauna of Iran
Hossein Moradian Hadi Ostovan Mostafa HaghaniSamples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and c MoreSamples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and considered an important natural control agent feeding on weedy herbs such as Centaurea behen L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Oath in Beyhaghi History
taghi amini fard zeynab torabiPersian literature in its long and vast history, has introduced great people who have created invaluable meanings and rituals and contributed greatly to the enhancement of a humane and humanitarian culture in the human society. Among the estimable and valuable rituals MorePersian literature in its long and vast history, has introduced great people who have created invaluable meanings and rituals and contributed greatly to the enhancement of a humane and humanitarian culture in the human society. Among the estimable and valuable rituals in Persian literature, the ritual of oath has a special status. BeyhaghiHistoryis one of the works in which the ritual of oath has been very frequently used. In this work, the author focuses on such topics as taking an oath, swearing somebody, swearing caliphs and emirs in, making an affidavit, and the presence of witnesses. The present article briefly covers these issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Study on the fauna and host plants of tortoise beetles, Cassida spp. (Col.: Chrysomelidae) in Gachsaran
H. Ostovan H. MoradianAccording to faunistic studies which were carried out on the tortoise beetles genus Cassida, (Chrysomelidae) , in Gachsaran region during the years of 2009-2011. a total of three species, Cassida transcaucasica Borowiec & Swietojanska, C. persica Spaeth and C. palae MoreAccording to faunistic studies which were carried out on the tortoise beetles genus Cassida, (Chrysomelidae) , in Gachsaran region during the years of 2009-2011. a total of three species, Cassida transcaucasica Borowiec & Swietojanska, C. persica Spaeth and C. palaestina Reiche were collected and identified. These species were identified by Prof. Borowice,L.(Poland). Two new host plants, Platycheat mucronifolia Boiss. Boiss and Centaurea behen L,(Astraceae) are recorded for two Cassida species from Iran. Cassida persica feeds on P. mucronifolia and C. transcaucasica feeds on C. behen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The relationship between insomnia severity, sleep quality, sleepiness and mental health disorder with academic performance in girls
A. R. Haydari پروین Ehteshamzadeh ماندانا MarashiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia intensity, sleep quality, sleepiness and mental health disorders with academic performance in adolescent girls of Ahvaz city. The sample of this research included 184 people who were selected MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia intensity, sleep quality, sleepiness and mental health disorders with academic performance in adolescent girls of Ahvaz city. The sample of this research included 184 people who were selected by cluster sampling. In order to collect data, insomnia intensity questionnaires (ISI), Pitzerberg sleep quality, sleepiness, 25-point scale of mental health and grade point average were used as indicators of academic performance. The current research was correlational and the results of data analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression showed that there is a significant relationship between insomnia severity, sleep quality, sleepiness and mental health disorders with the academic performance of adolescent girls in Ahvaz city. Also, among the predictor variables, the variable of intensity of insomnia, sleepiness and disorder in mental health were respectively the best predictors of academic performance of adolescent girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effectiveness of logo therapy on components of general health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) of women with postpartum depression in Tehran city
eftekhar hamidi Hamid Taher Neshat Doost Hooshang TalebiThis research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of logo therapy on components of general health means anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder of women with postpartum depression. This was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test MoreThis research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of logo therapy on components of general health means anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder of women with postpartum depression. This was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of research were included all women with postpartum depression that referring to the part of obstetrics and gynecology in Tehran city in 2014 year, that from them 30 person were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (each group 15 person). The experimental group trained 7 sessions of 90 minutes by logo therapy method. Groups completed the questionnaire of general health (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method and with using SPSS-21 software. The findings showed there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all four components of general health. In the other words logo therapy significantly led to decrease anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder of women with postpartum depression (P<0/01). Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the method of logo therapy to improve the general health of women with postpartum depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on dimensions of mental health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) in women with obesity
Fatemeh Hedayatzadeh Hasan Ahadi Soheila KhodaverdianThe aim of present research was determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on dimensions of mental health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) in women with obesity. The method of study was a semi-experimental with a MoreThe aim of present research was determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on dimensions of mental health (anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder) in women with obesity. The method of study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental and control groups. The research population was women with obesity referring to nutritional clinics of Babol city in 2018 year. Totally 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group trained 8 sessions with the method of acceptance and commitment therapy (weekly one session) and the control group didn’t received training. The research instrument was mental health questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method and with using SPSS-21 software. The Findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy led to decrease the anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder in women with obesity (P<0/001). The results indicated importance of acceptance and commitment therapy on decreasing the anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social function disorder in women with obesity. Therefore, therapists can use mention method to promote mental health in women with obesity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Some Solutions For the Challenges Facing Persian Language calligraphy
Malek-e Sho,aePassing time entails change and transformation, therefore, every Phenomenon, to be alive, should be associated with time. With regard to this, Persian language is not an exception, that is, it should be directed in a way that n MorePassing time entails change and transformation, therefore, every Phenomenon, to be alive, should be associated with time. With regard to this, Persian language is not an exception, that is, it should be directed in a way that not only releases it from stiffeners but also leads it to eternity. These changes are acceptable if they originate from within the language itself. In this article two rules have been suggested in order to reach this end: A) Writing rules, that is, to continue the ancient rule of writing in eliminating the characters of “ ث و ح و ص و ض و ط و ظ و ع و ق” With the observation of this ancient rule we can gradually change these characters in to other ones, as it has been done with “ط” which has changed into “ت”. In continuation, it is possible to leave out some signs as in “Tashdid & Tanwin, Writing the words as they are spoken and leaving spaces between the words and characters. This section includes eight suggestion solutions. B) Conceptual rules, There are some different opinions as to writing words either separated or connected. With approving some general rules, it is possible to solve some of the problems of Persian writing instruction. In this article, I have tried to present to suggest some rules to facilitate learning Persian writing for both Persian and non- Persian speaking learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evolutionary studies of the Vazneh and Baneh basins by using dimensionless hypsometric curves
Mamand salari Saeed kamyabi Omid moradiThe physical attributes of Basins have great effects on the process of erosion. Among the most importantparameters of basins that directly or indirectly have great effects on the erosion. For example the elevation ofbasin indicates its climatic condition and it is effec MoreThe physical attributes of Basins have great effects on the process of erosion. Among the most importantparameters of basins that directly or indirectly have great effects on the erosion. For example the elevation ofbasin indicates its climatic condition and it is effective in raining and considering the face that each rainfall hasits own hydrology it has special role in erosion. Therefore in order to analyze the condition of erosion andsedimentation with a comparative view in the basins of Vazne and Bane, undimensional hepsometric tables andcurves have been designed.It becomes clear that in the Vazne basin the development of plain and elevation is tosome extent balanced. The low space between two curves is indicative of the approach of the basin toequilibrium .in contrast in Bane basin considering the condition of the curves it becomes clear that tis Basin ismore away from that equilibrium and is younger and less development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sleep Quality and Blood Pressure of Elderly with Insomnia
Reza Mottaghi Alireza Maredpour Shirali KharaminPurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of determine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on sleep quality and blood pressure of elderly with insomnia. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and two-month foll MorePurpose: This study was conducted with the aim of determine the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on sleep quality and blood pressure of elderly with insomnia. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up with a control group. The study population was the elderly with insomnia at the Shiraz Visual Elderly Day Care Center in 2019, from which 40 people were selected by simple random sampling according to the inclusion criteria and randomly replaced in two equal groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes (two sessions per week) of acceptance and commitment and the control group did not receive training. Data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Boise et al. 1989) and blood pressure monitor and analyzed by chi-square, repeated measures variance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-23 software version 23. Findings: The results showed that the experimental and control groups did not differ significantly in terms of gender, education and marriage (P>0.05). Also, acceptance and commitment treatment improved sleep quality and systolic blood pressure in the elderly with insomnia (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on their diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05) and the results were maintained in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: According to the results, planning is necessary to use the acceptance and commitment therapy method in the field of elderly to improve sleep quality and systolic blood pressure. Therefore, health professionals and therapists can use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other therapies methods to improve sleep quality and systolic blood pressure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Introduction of leaf beetles of tribe Clytrini(Col.: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephinae) In Alborz, Tehran and Qazvin Provinces, Iran
Mostafa Mirzaei Jamshab NozariA faunistic study of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) was done in Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin provinces of Iran, during 2012 to 2015. In this study, eight species belonging to four genera were identified, of which Clytra laeviuscula (Ratzeburg, 1837) is new record for Iranian MoreA faunistic study of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) was done in Tehran, Alborz and Qazvin provinces of Iran, during 2012 to 2015. In this study, eight species belonging to four genera were identified, of which Clytra laeviuscula (Ratzeburg, 1837) is new record for Iranian Clytrini. In addition, three species are new to Qazvine province, two species are new to Tehran province and one species is new to Alborz province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Quantitative studies in the management of the banking industry in order to increase customer satisfaction and profitability (case study: Bank Mellat)
Mohammad Moradi Mohammad Sadegh Horri Iraj NooriIn order to provide all kinds of facilities to their customers, credit institutions need to carry out complete surveys in order to know the applicants from qualitative and quantitative aspects, in order to fully evaluate the ability to repay and calculate the probabilit MoreIn order to provide all kinds of facilities to their customers, credit institutions need to carry out complete surveys in order to know the applicants from qualitative and quantitative aspects, in order to fully evaluate the ability to repay and calculate the probability of non-repayment of facilities and services. Financially, these surveys are generally called validation. The purpose of this research is to rank the groups of customers and determine the best parts of them so that the brokerage company can perform credit allocation in a mechanized way. For this purpose, after the initial pre-processing of the data, they are processed in the form of RFM 1 model. Then, using the SOM 2 neural network as one of the clustering algorithms, the customers will be divided into 10 clusters. In the following, using the proposed model, the clusters are ranked. The best clusters are identified and the operation of granting facilities is done for the members of these clusters. Finally, three clusters 5, 1 and 7 were determined as the best clusters, which are the target customers. The coefficient of facilities granted to these top three clusters is 0.271, 0.173 and 0.556 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Monumental Inscription of Akbar Shah's Ambassador in Soltanieh Dome (1012 AH)
Parastoo Ghasemi AndaroodScience of inscription is included in archaeology science. Inscriptions are reliable document to study and find all aspect of history as social political aspect and state of affairs of ancient time. Akbar shah,s ambassador,s stone inscription is one of the important his MoreScience of inscription is included in archaeology science. Inscriptions are reliable document to study and find all aspect of history as social political aspect and state of affairs of ancient time. Akbar shah,s ambassador,s stone inscription is one of the important historical document which he had left it as a memorial petrography while passing through Soltanieh.That Mir Masom Bekri find as Namy has reminded it. This stone inscription is made of marbel stone in size of 5×6×63.5 cm and is graved by relief nastaligh handwriting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Emotion Management, Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Flexibility in Women Affected by Marital Infidelity
جهان سادات اسدی بیجائیه علیرضا عیوضی سیده زهرا میر موسوی نالکیاشریPsychosomatic illnesses are physical illnesses in which psychological factors are influentialin their onset or exacerbation. This study aimed atcomparing anxiety and quality of life inpsychosomatic clients undergoing cognitive-behavioral and drug treatment with clientsu MorePsychosomatic illnesses are physical illnesses in which psychological factors are influentialin their onset or exacerbation. This study aimed atcomparing anxiety and quality of life inpsychosomatic clients undergoing cognitive-behavioral and drug treatment with clientsundergoing drug treatment. The method was causal-comparative. The statistical populationincluded 70 patients who referred to Specialized Counseling and Mental Health Clinic ofLahijan from different cities of Guilan province with a diagnosis of psychosomatic illnessfrom 2013 to 2022. 38 people were selected as a statistical sample among them, in apurposeful manner and were randomly divided into two groups and 19 people in eachgroup. The first group received both drug treatment and 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioraltherapy intervention, based on the content of Beck Treatment Protocol, one and a half hoursper session per week. But the second group used only medication. Both groups were testedby the Anxiety Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of LifeQuestionnaire. Statistical analysis method was multivariate analysis of variance usingS.SPSsoftware. The results showed that the average anxiety in the cognitive-behavioraland drug group (first group) and in the drug therapy group (second group) were differentand this difference was significant. Also, the average quality of life in the first group and inthe second group were different and this difference was significant. Therefore, alongwithdrug therapy, counseling expertise can be effectively used to reduce anxiety and increasethe quality of life of psychosomatic patients and treat mental disorders, in psychiatriccenters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Validation The method of measuring the amount of clindamycin in the liposomal formulation
motahareh moghadasipour rabea khoshnevis zadeh Fatemeh NoorbakhshClindamycin is prescribed to treat the different infections but in some cases, it does not have any medical effect because of different resistance mechanisms in bacteria. A method to counter the resistant bacteria is to use liposomal formulation. Making liposomal formul MoreClindamycin is prescribed to treat the different infections but in some cases, it does not have any medical effect because of different resistance mechanisms in bacteria. A method to counter the resistant bacteria is to use liposomal formulation. Making liposomal formulation needs to measure the content of injected drug into liposome. In this study, a method was proposed to measure the content of clindamycin in liposomal formulation. Criteria of verification based on ICH Q2B protocol included linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, sensitivity of diagnosis and determination limits. Initially, each sample was solved in methanol and 0.1M soda with 8:1 and then intensity of attraction for each sample was measured with 201 nm wavelength by UV spectrophotometer. It was possible to draw the calibration curve for clindamycin in range of 0.2 to 8.1 mg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.999 by this mechanism. This study showed that liposomal formulation obtained by phospholipid (% 2.6), cholesterol (%0.8) and clindamycin (%0.1) and diluted with methanol for 50 times does not have any attraction in 201 nm. Therefore, it is possible to measure the concentration of clindamycin without molecules forming liposome. The capacity of reproducing clindamycin in range of 0.80 and 0.120 is 80% and 83% respectively. The standard deviation for intra- and inter-day precision is lower than 4% and diagnosis and determination limits are 0.43 and 0.131 mg/ml respectively. The result showed that this method can be suitable to measure the content of clindamycin in liposomal formulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Cytogenetic investigation in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A meta-analysis
Shiva Shahsavari zahra nourmohammadi Masoud Sheidai Farah Farahani Mohammad Reza VazifeshenasPunica granatum L. (pomegranate), is among important horticultural plants which is cultivated in many parts of the world and appreciated for its fruit value and medicinal properties. Several pomegranate cultivars are cultivated in Iran which differs in fruit characteris MorePunica granatum L. (pomegranate), is among important horticultural plants which is cultivated in many parts of the world and appreciated for its fruit value and medicinal properties. Several pomegranate cultivars are cultivated in Iran which differs in fruit characteristics and agronomical features. In spite of economic importance of pomegranate cultivars, limited knowledge is available on genetic and cytogenetic peculiarities of these cultivars. Therefore, we aimed to investigate cytogenetically twelve unreported cultivars and also compile all available data on chromosome pairing, chiasma frequency and meiotic irregularities in 88 cultivars and carry on a meta analysis. We found all cultivars to have 2n = 2x = 16 chromosome number, but significantly differed in all meiotic features studied. Most of meiotic features studied were significantly correlated while PCA analysis revealed that characters like chiasma frequency and distribution as well as ring bivalents are associated to each other and differentiated the cultivars which were distributed towards longitude. Similarly, characters related to meiotic irregularities such as chromosome stickiness and anaphase failure differentiated the cultivars which were distributed toward altitude. PCA plot placed pomegranate cultivars in three major groups due to meiotic difference. Data obtained can be used in future conservation and breeding of pomegranate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Investigating the impact of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles on structural and ultrastructural changes of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) leaves
Sedighe Jahani Malihe Jahani Sara Saadatmand Homa Mahmoodzadeh Ramazan Ali Khavari-NejadIntroduction: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used NPs in the world and their interaction with the ecosystem is unavoidable. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate structural and ultrastructural changes in marigold leaves under Ce MoreIntroduction: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used NPs in the world and their interaction with the ecosystem is unavoidable. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate structural and ultrastructural changes in marigold leaves under CeO2 NPs. Materials and methods: Seeds were sown in pots under greenhouse conditions and after two weeks, seedlings were exposed to CeO2 NPs (0 and 3200 μg/mL) by leaf spray for five weeks. Then, leaf morphological changes were measured. Also, sampling from the control and NPs treatment leaf were performed to investigate structural and ultrastructural changes. Tissue preparation was performed and samples were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Morphological changes including diminish in the length, width and area of marigold leaf under CeO2 NPs were observed. Also, ultrastructural changes of mesophilic cells of marigold leaf under CeO2 NPs including diminish of chloroplasts number and their swelling, incement of peroxisomes number, disintegration of cell membrane, and accumulation and deposition of NPs in the intercellular spaces, cell wall and membrane, vacuole, peroxisome and chloroplast stroma were observed. In addition, the results of cerium elemental assessment by methods of inductive coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), in line with TEM results, showed the uptake and accumulation of CeO2 NPs in marigold leaves. Conclusion: Ultrastructural damage in TEM results indicated the toxicity of high dosage of CeO2 NPs at the cellular level. Therefore, potential of hazardous impacts of CeO2 NPs on other medicinal plants and environment should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Development of liposomal formulations carrying antibiotics
rabea khoshnevis zadehSince the advent of antibiotics, selective pressure on microorganisms has caused the formation of resistant types. Different generations of antibiotics have been designed and used to fight pathogens, but at the same time, more resistant types of pathogens have been spre MoreSince the advent of antibiotics, selective pressure on microorganisms has caused the formation of resistant types. Different generations of antibiotics have been designed and used to fight pathogens, but at the same time, more resistant types of pathogens have been spread, so it is necessary to use new strategies to deal with infectious agents. The development of nanoscience in the field of medicine was a suitable solution for this purpose, and pharmaceutical nanocarriers were developed. Liposomes are nanocarriers with a lipid body whose features such as biocompatibility, bioavailability, targeted transfer, amphiphilic properties, integration with membranes, slow and controlled drug release have attracted the attention of researchers. In this review article, an attempt has been made to provide information about the benefits of this drug system by studying scientific documents in the field of antibiotic-carrying liposomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Genotyping of 25 highly informative autosomal SNPs in population of Khuzestan province using the SNaPshot method
payam hajibabaei mahmoud tavalaei shohreh zare kariziSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are being increasingly used by forensic laboratories. In Iranian population, few studies have been reported with aim to investigation allelic frequencies and determination of genetic variation of SNPs based on SNP for ID database. MoreSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are being increasingly used by forensic laboratories. In Iranian population, few studies have been reported with aim to investigation allelic frequencies and determination of genetic variation of SNPs based on SNP for ID database. The goal of this study was to evaluate of population genetic diversity by genotyping of 25 informative autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms residing in Khuzestan province by using the SNaPshot assay. The cross-sectional study, the results of bioinformatics analysis indicated that at least 25 autosomal loci SNPs had the power to discriminate between the Iranian Ethnicity. A total of 53 unrelated individuals from Arab ethnicity group were extracted genomic DNA from blood samples. Genotyping 25 selected SNPs by using SNapShot method on the 3110xl Genetic Analyzer were performed. Statistical analysis was calculated using the Arlequin 3.5 & Gene Alex 6.5 soft wares. The mean heterozygosity was calculated 0.428, also the minimum heterozygosity was observed 0.190 that relate to rs938283. Minor allele frequency (MAF) for rs938283 was 0.105. There was significant deviation in allelic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all the studied SNPs except rs1382387. The calculated FST values and Evaluation of the 25 autosomal SNPs simultaneously, presented that among Arabs and three Iranian ethnic groups including Kurd, Persian and Lurs were not significantly genetic different and thay are similar to each other. Finally, it is obvious that this 25 autosomal SNPs enable to discriminate between ethnic groups within the population. The SnapShot method has appropriate sensitivity and specificity in order to simultaneously SNP genotyping. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Geochemical pattern recognition for Cu-Au Deposit Based on Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Fuzzy K-means Clustering (FKMC) in Meshginshahr, NW of Iran
Aynur Nasseri -
Open Access Article
61 - Taxes and Illegitimate Modes of Unprecedented Income and Its Consequences on the Economy of the Umayyad Era
reza faramarz asghar ghaedanWith the advent of the Umayyad, many changes occurred in the policies of the Islamic Caliphate, the Umayyad Caliphate nature Basically, the conduct of the Prophet rule or caliphates were not only different but also because of their government's based on the structure of MoreWith the advent of the Umayyad, many changes occurred in the policies of the Islamic Caliphate, the Umayyad Caliphate nature Basically, the conduct of the Prophet rule or caliphates were not only different but also because of their government's based on the structure of the tribal aristocracy which had its roots in the pre-Islamic era, sometimes influenced by political tradition was conquered territories. Such monitoring of the For many who need to manage their wealth and conquest expand its business and increase the amount of taxes is the only way he knew. Spread the conquests of Transoxiana happened in the Al-Andalus occupied northern Africa to southern Europe in the vast and fertile lands to the Umayyad vintage set, the result of such a policy that leads to the growth of militarism, development and urinary system apanage the system. The growing trend of militarization and development of administrative systems required by this policy, the new costs imposed on the Umayyad caliphs, the Umayyads other ways to acquire more wealth eventually led to the fall of the Caliphs the Messenger of Allah no analog Sire previous rules were not in total. For example, taxes collected ransom gangs like the new teachings of the Quran was Salman who is exactly the opposite, gift, flower, and invertebrates that are related to the pre-Islamic Iran, the fall of the outdated Sasanids another example «Max» The Kings of Rome and Persia before Islam received such financial heresies are these the Umayyads. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Acquisition of cleft structures in L1 and L2
Maryam Karami -
Open Access Article
63 - The effectiveness of Behavioral Activation on mental rumination, emotion regulation and psychological symptoms in female patients with high blood pressure in the health care industry of the northwestern oil industry
Alireza Agdamibaher Ali Khademi Ali Shaker DolagResearch has shown that hypertension is a medical condition which adversely affects the patients’ psychological charecteristics. Furthermore, the relevant studies have indicated that behavioral activation may have a beneficial impact on the psychological well-bein MoreResearch has shown that hypertension is a medical condition which adversely affects the patients’ psychological charecteristics. Furthermore, the relevant studies have indicated that behavioral activation may have a beneficial impact on the psychological well-being of patiens who suffer from different medical conditions. Notwithstanding, there is a lack of research on the effect of this approach on the psychological charecteristics of hypertensive patients.The present study strived to determine the effect of behavioral activation on hypertensive patienst’ mental rumination, emotion regulation, and psychosomatic symptoms.This study adopted a pretest-tretament-posttest quasi-experimental design to attain its objectives. More specifically, first, the researchers selected a sample of 30 hypetensive female patiennts from among the female patients who referred to Petroleum Industry Health Organization in Tabriz (Iran). Second, they randomly assigned the participants to an experimental group and a control group.Third, they administered Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), Psychosomatic Complaints Scale (Tanaka & Sakata, 2004), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) to the groups of the study as pretests. Fourth, the researchers provided the experimental group with behavioral activation treatment during 10 sessions. Fifth, they administered the relevant questionnaires of the study to the groups anew as posttests. Finally, they performed the data analysis using SPSS 23. Based on the results, behavioral activation significantly reduced hypertensive patients’ mental rumination, alleviated their psychosomatic symptoms, and improved their emotion regulation (p<0.05). It was concluded that behavioral activation can be used to improve the psychological well-being of female hypertensive patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Improvement of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Replacing some of Nitrogen with Phosphorus under Moisture Stress
Farasat Sadeghi Mohammad Ali AboutalebianTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori MoreTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
M. Haghighi M. Sharif Rohani I. Sharifpour A. SepahdariThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin 1% (Eltosil®) on growth performance in rainbow trout. 1200 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 0.5±0.05 gram were randomly distributed in two groups 1) the cont MoreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin 1% (Eltosil®) on growth performance in rainbow trout. 1200 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 0.5±0.05 gram were randomly distributed in two groups 1) the control group and 2) Eltosil® group, each in three replications. These fishes were randomly divided in six 100 liter square troughs with a continuous water flow of 1 liter per minute. Troughs were supplied with a well water (temperature range: 15±1ºC, O2: 7.2±0.2mg/l, pH= 8±0.3). In this research, the fish received of 200g Eltosil® per 100kg BW. The administration method of Eltosil®-mixed feed to fish was once a week for 4 consecutive weeks at each treatment stage, totally 8 times for 12 weeks (once a week, 4 times in the first step, withdrawal for four weeks in the second step, once a week for 4 times in the third step). To calculate growth factors, fish were weighed weekly and their body lengths were measured every two weeks (before and after each experiment). At the end of each rearing period (on day 28, 56, 84) the means of whole body weight, weight gain, average daily growth, total length, average daily length, grams of weight gain per gram of food, specific growth rate, condition factor, food conversion rate, and the percentage of survival ratio were calculated in the control and Eltosil® groups. Moreover, at the end of rearing period (on day 84), comparative growth rate was calculated. The results of this study demonstrated that there were no significant differences between growth factors in the control and Eltosil® groups on days 28, 56, 84 of rearing periods (P>0.05). These results show that oral administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) was not a suitable way to increase rapid growth in rainbow trout weighing 0.5±0.05 gram. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Nanoencapsulation of green tea extract by thin film layer method and its properties
B. Noudoost N. Noori H. Gandomi A. Akhondzadeh BastiThe application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study MoreThe application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study physicochemical characterization, total phenol content and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of green tea extract encapsulated in nanoliposomes were evaluated. GTE was encapsulated in liposomes by thin film layer method and reached to nanoscale with sonication. The antioxidant activity of nanoliposomal GTE was estimated by DPPH assay. The antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE against Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Salmonella typhimurium 138 phage type 2, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC19118) was determined using well diffusion technique. The mean diameter of nanoliposomes was about 44.7±1.9 nm and had 0.203±0.014 polydispersity index. Entrapment efficiency of nanoliposomal GTE under the optimum conditions was 97%. Antibacterial activity of GTE was significantly increased after encapsulation in nanoliposomes. The strongest antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE was seen against L. monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 16.2 mm while E. coli was the most resistance strain with an inhibition zone of 14 mm. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of GTE was significantly increased after nanoliposome encapsulation since the IC50 value of nanoliposomal GTE was decreased to 1.78 μg/ml. Nanoencapsulation effectively enhanced beneficial properties of GTE including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Evaluation of the effect of local massage on milk production and udder immunity of dairy cows
Ehsan Emamjome Kianoush Khashayar Saeed Azimpour majid fartashvand Hadi PourtaghiMilk somatic cell count (SCC) is a common method of assessing the quality of milk produced and the status of mastitis. Massage improves the level of cellular immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage on udder immune system according to SCC and milk pr MoreMilk somatic cell count (SCC) is a common method of assessing the quality of milk produced and the status of mastitis. Massage improves the level of cellular immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage on udder immune system according to SCC and milk production. For this purpose, 14 high-producing cows aged about 3 years which had given birth three months ago were chosen. The cows were then divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group received udder massage twice a day for four weeks. During the investigation, weekly SCC was conducted. The rate of milk production was also recorded on day zero and in the sixth week which was the last week of massaging in the treatment group. The results indicated a dramatic and non-significant (p < /em>>0.05) increase of SCC and a significant decrease of milk production in the treatment group. There was no significant difference in SCC between the two groups except in the third week and no significant correlation was observed between milk production and SCC. But the difference in average milk production between the two groups at the end of the sixth week was significant (p < /em><0.05) in comparison to the first week. The results of the present study indicated that long-term massage is stressful and decreases the level of udder immunity and subsequent milk production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effects of somatic cell count in subclinical mastitis on raw milk quality in dairy farms of Khuzestan province
mohammad Hossieni nejad zohreh Mashak Mastitis is an infectious disease that is spread in livestock and can cause cattle mortality. Generally a cow with mastitis has a 15 per cent decrease in milk production. In addition, losses from changes in some components of milk should also be considered. More Mastitis is an infectious disease that is spread in livestock and can cause cattle mortality. Generally a cow with mastitis has a 15 per cent decrease in milk production. In addition, losses from changes in some components of milk should also be considered. Any change in milk properties can be severe hazard for milk producers, dairy factories and consumers. In this study, the effect of somatic cell count on row milk quality of cows affected by subclinical mastitis was studied. For this purpose 240 milk samples were collected from dairy farms with subclinical mastitis (traditional and industrial) of Khuzestan province in 2014 and their somatic cell count, protein and lipid contact and acidity determined. The mean±SD for somatic cells, acidity, protein and fat were 3.20×105±1.37×105 SCC/ml, 14.50±0.62 D°, 3.12±0.06% and 3.23±0.14% respectively. After statistical analysis, reverse correlation were found between somatic cell count with milk fat and protein. However, direct correlation was observed between range of milk fat and protein (p>0.01). Furthermore the results indicated that the range of acidity in spring and winter, protein and fat in winter and somatic cell in summer and autumn were more than the other seasons. According to statistical analysis, protein percent of milk samples in industrial farms were higher than traditional farms although the range of somatic cells was higher for traditional milk samples ‏)p>0.05) According to the result, it seems that the somatic cell count of milk influences raw milk fat and protein content and acidity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Weighted Graphs and Fuzzy Graphs
John Mordeson Anntreesa Josy Sunil MathewIt has been shown in [3] that in the two-dimensional case, the lattices of truth values considered are pairwise isomorphic, and so are the corresponding families of fuzzy sets. Therefore, each result for one of these types of fuzzy sets can be directly rewritten for eac MoreIt has been shown in [3] that in the two-dimensional case, the lattices of truth values considered are pairwise isomorphic, and so are the corresponding families of fuzzy sets. Therefore, each result for one of these types of fuzzy sets can be directly rewritten for each (isomorphic) type of fuzzy sets. In this paper, we show that there is a strong connection between weighted graphs and fuzzy graphs. We accomplish this by using lattice isomorphisms. Consequently, under certain conditions, results for one area can be carried over immediately to the other. Many situations in fuzzy graph theory do not depend on the weights of the vertices. The situation of providing weights for the vertices of a weighted graph is also considered. We also consider lattice homomorphisms with an illustration involving nonstandard analysis. In particular, we consider a nonstandard weighted graph, i.e., a graph where the weights of the edges are from a nonstandard interval. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of pH pretreatment on growth and photosynthetic properties of cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. FS 18
Bahareh Abbasi shadman shokravi Mazyar Ahmadi Golsefidi Aryan Sateei elahe kiaeiIn the present study, the effects of pretreatment of time (24 and 96 hours) and pH (7 and 9) at extremely limited carbon dioxide concentration were studied on the exponential growth phase, photosynthetic pigments per cell, absorption shift of chlorophyll, structure and MoreIn the present study, the effects of pretreatment of time (24 and 96 hours) and pH (7 and 9) at extremely limited carbon dioxide concentration were studied on the exponential growth phase, photosynthetic pigments per cell, absorption shift of chlorophyll, structure and function of phycobilisome, the ratio of light harvesting to reaction center pigment, and the ratio of photosystem 1 to photosystem 2 in stigonematalean cyanobacterium Fischerella sp.FS 18. Results showed that pretreatments kept the exponential growth phase at both 24 and 96 hours and also under pHs 7 and 9. Contrary to the absorption peak of chlorophyll, cellular pigments showed no stable pattern regarding pretreatments. Phycobilisomes were the main point of treatment affects. The pattern of the rode part of phycobilisomes was the same at pretreatment reactions. The shift of phycocyanin was about 1 and phycoerythrin about 3. The highest rate of photosystem 1 to photosystem 2 ratio was observed at 24 hours and under neutral condition. This changed by the time and led to decreased efficiency of energy transport in photosynthesis system. The change in the phycobilisome operation may be a compensation mechanism to mitigate the degree of such a decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - IR and UV Spectroscopic Analysis of C20 Carbon Nanostructures
Mehdi Zamani Ahmad Motahari Hossein A. Dabbagh Hossein Farrokhpour -
Open Access Article
72 - Economic Modeling of Restricting the cryptocurrency market on ransomware attacks
Mehran Garmehi Sarah Rahimi DevinThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these atta MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of policies restricting access to the cryptocurrency market on the process of countering ransomware attacks. To this purpose, by reflecting on the details of a ransomware attack, we model the economy of these attacks and examine the impact of economic variables on the damage caused by them, and through the data obtained from a field study, it has been shown that the relationship between attackers' profits and the damage caused by the attack is non-linear and has local maximums and minimums, and any countermeasures in response to these attacks must be carefully considered in the consequences from an economic point of view.The results show that in a ransomware attack, an attacker may achieve almost the same profit by setting several different amounts of ransom and inflicting several different amounts of total damage. Thus, it is demonstrated that it is important not to adopt policies that may lead the attacker to demand the amounts of ransom that cause further damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Analysis of the effects of cooperation and interaction in Kurdish public culture and literature of Kalhori (Ivangharb and Somargharb cities)
shahriyar shadigu Nafiseh Irani mehdi ahmadikhahThis research aims to analyze the manifestations of the tradition of cooperation in the culture and literature of the Kurdish people of Kalhori with a descriptive-analytical approach and with an interdisciplinary perspective, which has been the reason for the strength o MoreThis research aims to analyze the manifestations of the tradition of cooperation in the culture and literature of the Kurdish people of Kalhori with a descriptive-analytical approach and with an interdisciplinary perspective, which has been the reason for the strength of past societies; to find scientific answers for the research questions. Questions such as whether there was interaction and cooperation in the culture and life of the people of Kalhorud, like other traditional societies of Iran? If there is, in what ways has cooperation and interaction been done in poverty alleviation, strengthening of social relations, promotion of activities, management of human resources and life of Kurdish speakers of Kalhori in Ivangharb and Somargharb? Is there a manifestation of these cultural relations reflected in the public literature of Kalhori?One of the findings of the research is that in the culture and public literature of Kalhori, there are remarkable manifestations of interaction and cooperation, which have long played a significant role in advancing social goals, facilitating work, economic prosperity, managing human resources, ending ethnic conflicts, and erasing the face of poverty. He has had many communities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Identify and analyze key factors affecting the sustainable development of tourism (Case study: Some Sara County)
effat ziya Alireza Estelaji Nasrollah Fallahtabar majid shareeatpanahiThe city of Some Sara has a good tourist position due to its potential and attractions. Also, the geographic location of the Monastery Sara is such that travelers are to reach Astara and etc. in any case, they must cross Some Sara. Therefore, the geographic location of MoreThe city of Some Sara has a good tourist position due to its potential and attractions. Also, the geographic location of the Monastery Sara is such that travelers are to reach Astara and etc. in any case, they must cross Some Sara. Therefore, the geographic location of the Monastery Sara is also a golden opportunity for tourism development. In this regard, the main purpose of this research is to identify the key factors in the sustainable development of tourism in the city of Sumo Sara. In fact, it was tried to identify effective factors by using experts 'and experts' opinions and using the method of interaction analysis, key factors were chosen as the driving forces. In this regard, 27 factors were identified first, then using the interaction method in the MICC software environment and factor analysis was performed by experts. According to studies on sustainable tourism development in the city of Sumo Sara, a total of eight factors were selected as key factors. In this regard, factors such as marketing and advertising, cost of living, service quality, management and coordination of organizations and the regional transport network can be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The Effects of Computer Games on the Mental Health of High School Students in Gorgan City
Taraneh Enayati Kolsoom BayyenatThe present study aims to investigate the effect of computer games on the mental health of the high school students. This study was ex post facto. The statistical population included all high school students in Gorgan. Using Cochran formula, the sample was estimated 456 MoreThe present study aims to investigate the effect of computer games on the mental health of the high school students. This study was ex post facto. The statistical population included all high school students in Gorgan. Using Cochran formula, the sample was estimated 456 individuals. To select the sample, first, some schools were randomly selected as a cluster among the four districts of the secondary schools in Gorgan using cluster sampling and then the needed sample was randomly selected according to the population of any school (based on the students' gender and population). Data collection tools were the Standard General Health questionnaire GHQ28 in four dimensions of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, depression level, and social dysfunction. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including independent t-test and one way ANOVA. The obtained results showed that computer games affect the students' somatic symptoms, but they don't affect the students' anxiety and insomnia, depression level, social dysfunction and in general, their mental health. Furthermore, in comparing the demographic variables, there was a significant difference between the female and male students with regard to their somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and mental health (overall); however, no significant difference was found based on their educational level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Effect of different levels of somatic cell count of cow milk and lipase enzyme on free fatty acids composition and sensory properties of White brined cheese
Hamed Zarei Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani -
Open Access Article
77 - فعالیت سیتوژنتیک عصاره متانولی اندامهای هوایی گیاه Plumbago europaea بر روی سلولهای مغز استخوان Balb/C
احمد خلیل حنان بشاره احمد ال-اوکلاهBackground & Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that majority of the inhabitants of the world rely chiefly on folk medicine. It, therefore, approved the use of herbal products for national policies and drug regulatory measures in order to strengthen MoreBackground & Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that majority of the inhabitants of the world rely chiefly on folk medicine. It, therefore, approved the use of herbal products for national policies and drug regulatory measures in order to strengthen research and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of herbal products. We have evaluated the cytotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of P. europaea, a common species in the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Experimental: Male Balb/C mice were intraperitoneally (i. v.) injected with varying doses of the extract dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The i.v. LD50 of the extract was determined to be 58.33mg/kg body weight. Bone marrow cells were processed and screened for chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation. Mitomycin C (MMC, 2mg/kg b. w.) and DMSO (0.5%) served as positive and negative control, respectively. Antimutagenecity was followed by administration of 2mg MMC/kg in the beginning of the first or the last 24h of applying 14.6mg/kg of the extract daily for 7 consecutive days. Results: The selected doses of the extract elevated mitotic index and increased percentage of aberrant cells compared to the negative control. However, at a dose of 14.6mg/kg, the extract was enough to reduce significantly the toxic effects induced by MMC. This indicated that the P.europaea extract by itself is mutagenic, but antimutatgenic probably at small doses and can modulate the mutagenicity of MMC. Recommended applications/ industries: These data may help in understanding of therapeutic properties of P. europaea claimed by folk medicine. However, caution regarding indiscriminate use of this plant by the public is necessary. Multiple experiences are needed to rule out any possible side effects and to prove health safety of this natural product before introducing it into the market for therapeutic purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Preparation and characterization of template-free mordenite type zeolite and comparison of m-xylene isomerization reaction over mordenite and SAPO-11
Zahra Vosoughi Rahbari Mehrji Khosravan Ali Nemati Kharat -
Open Access Article
79 - The role of carburization temperature on the molybdenum carbide surface and their catalytic activity
Femi Francis Oloye -
Open Access Article
80 - Optimization of main parameters affecting activity and octane number produced from catalytic isomerization of n-heptane using response surface methodology
Nastaran Parsafard -
Open Access Article
81 - Kinetics inversion of chloro-olefine in the solid acid system
Narges Samadani Langeroodi -
Open Access Article
82 - Structure and isomeric studies of 1,3-diaryl-H-benzo[f]chromene, catalyst effect or thermodynamic stability? An ab initio study
Mohammad Vakili Hossein Eshghi Maesam Raeisian Raheleh Afzali Ali Reza Berenji Hadi Behzadi -
Open Access Article
83 - تجزیه فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی طول عمر برههای لری بختیاری تا سن یک سالگی برای کروموزومهای اتوزومی و جنسی
آ. سالمی م. وطن خواه ب. اسدیدر این پژوهش از رکوردهای طول عمر تعداد 8793 رأس بره، حاصل از 320 رأس قوچ و 2349 رأس میش، مربوط به گله ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند لری بختیاری (ایستگاه شولی) واقع در شهرکرد، جمعآوری شده طی سالهای 1368 تا 1393 استفاده گردید. پارامترهای ژنتیکی (به تفکیک اتوزومی، وا Moreدر این پژوهش از رکوردهای طول عمر تعداد 8793 رأس بره، حاصل از 320 رأس قوچ و 2349 رأس میش، مربوط به گله ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند لری بختیاری (ایستگاه شولی) واقع در شهرکرد، جمعآوری شده طی سالهای 1368 تا 1393 استفاده گردید. پارامترهای ژنتیکی (به تفکیک اتوزومی، وابسته به جنس و مادری) و ارزشهای اصلاحی صفات با استفاده از روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده برآورد گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین کل تجمعی طول عمر برهها از تولد تا سن یک سالگی 87/295 روز بود. اثر عوامل ثابت سال و ماه تولد، جنس بره، سن مادر و متغیرهای کمکی وزن تولد برهها به صورت درجه دو و وزن بدن مادر بر طول عمر برهها معنیدار (05/0P<) ولی نوع تولد غیر معنیدار (05/0P>) بودند. برآورد وراثتپذیری اتوزومی (01/0 تا 08/0)، وابسته به جنس (01/0) و مادری (02/0 تا 03/0) طول عمر برهها در حد پایین بودند. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی اتوزومی، وابسته به جنس و مادری برای طول عمر برهها در سنین مختلف در حد بالا بودند. ضرایب همبستگی پیرسون و رتبهای، بین ارزش های اصلاحی اتوزومی و وابسته به جنس در سنین مختلف برای طول عمر برهها به ترتیب (08/0 تا 46/0) و (11/0 تا 43/0) برآورد شدند. بنابراین، به منظور بهبود زنده مانی و طول عمر برهها ابتدا بایستی شرایط محیطی را بهبود بخشید. تجزیه ژنتیکی طول عمر برهها با استفاده از مدلهای خطی که قادر به برآورد ارزشهای اصلاحی کروموزومهای اتوزومی و جنسی باشند، میتواند انتخاب ژنتیکی مؤثرتری برای بهبود طول عمر برهها ایجاد نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - استنباط بیزی مولفههای واریانس–کواریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی برای صفات اقتصادی هلشتاینهای ایران از طریق نمونهگیری گیبس
H. Faraji-Arough A.A. Aslaminejad M. Tahmoorespur M. Rokouei M.M. Shariatiهدف از این مطالعه، برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات تولید، تولید مثل و بهداشت گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از روش بیزی از طریق نمونه­گیری گیبس بود. رکوردهای اولین شیردهی 320666 گاو هلشتاین متولد شده از 7696 نر و 260302 ماده که مابین سالهای 1370 تا 1389 توسط مرکز اص Moreهدف از این مطالعه، برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات تولید، تولید مثل و بهداشت گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از روش بیزی از طریق نمونه­گیری گیبس بود. رکوردهای اولین شیردهی 320666 گاو هلشتاین متولد شده از 7696 نر و 260302 ماده که مابین سالهای 1370 تا 1389 توسط مرکز اصلاح نژاد دام کشور جمع­آوری شده بود، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مولفه­های واریانس- کواریانس با استفاده از مدل حیوانی چند صفتی از طریق نمونهگیری گیبس برآورد شدند. بعد از رسیدن به همگرایی، دامنه تراکم پسین وراثت­پذیری برای شیر (MY305)، چربی (FY305)، پروتئین (PY305)، سن در اولین گوساله ­زایی (AFC)، فاصله گوساله ­زایی (CI) و نمره سلولهای بدنی (SCS) به ترتیب 275/0-255/0، 215/0-195/0، 225/0-195/0، 275/0-260/0، 080/0-065/0 و 075/0-055/0 بود. دامنه همبستگی ژنتیکی بین 121/0- (بین تولید چربی و سن در اولین گوساله زایی) تا 914/0 (بین تولید شیر و پروتئین) و همبستگی فنوتیپبی بین 083/0- (بین تولید شیر و نمره سلولهای بدنی) تا 929/0 (بین تولید شیر و پروتئین) به دست آمد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که صفات تولیدی و سن در اولین گوساله زایی تنوع ژنتیکی کافی برای بهبود در برنامه­های اصلاحی را دارند. همبستگی­های ژنتیکی برآورد شده پیشنهاد کننده این هستند که صفات تولید شیر و فاصله گوساله ­زایی در صورتی که افزایش تولید شیر در اهداف انتخابی مد نظر قرار گیرد می­توانند تحت تأثیر قرار بگیرند. همبستگی ژنتیکی بالا بین فاصله گوساله­ زایی و نمره سلولهای بدنی بیان کننده این است که افزایش فاصله گوساله ­زایی منجر به افزایش نمره سلولهای بدنی می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - تجزیه فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی وزن برههای لری بختیاری در سنین مختلف برای اثرات ژنتیکی کروموزومهای اتوزومی و وابسته به جنس
م. مراونی م. وطنخواه س. عیدیوندیدر این پژوهش از رکوردهای طول عمر تعداد 8793 رأس بره، حاصل از 320 رأس قوچ و 2349 رأس میش، مربوط به گله ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند لری بختیاری (ایستگاه شولی) واقع در شهرکرد، جمعآوری شده طی سالهای 1368 تا 1393 استفاده گردید. پارامترهای ژنتیکی (به تفکیک اتوزومی، وا Moreدر این پژوهش از رکوردهای طول عمر تعداد 8793 رأس بره، حاصل از 320 رأس قوچ و 2349 رأس میش، مربوط به گله ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند لری بختیاری (ایستگاه شولی) واقع در شهرکرد، جمعآوری شده طی سالهای 1368 تا 1393 استفاده گردید. پارامترهای ژنتیکی (به تفکیک اتوزومی، وابسته به جنس و مادری) و ارزشهای اصلاحی صفات با استفاده از مدلهای بدون و با اثرات ژنتیکی وابسته به جنس برآورد گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین کل وزن برهها در تولد، شیرگیری، 6، 9 و 12 ماهگی به ترتیب 01/5، 93/28، 42/41، 33/51 و 52/56 کیلوگرم بودند. اثر عوامل ثابت سال و ماه تولد، سن مادر، جنس و نوع تولد بره، و متغیرهای کمکی وزن بدن مادر و سن بره به روز به صورت خطی بر وزن برهها در سنین مختلف معنیدار (05/0 یا 01/0P<) بودند. برآورد وراثت پذیریهای گرفته شده به وسیله بهترین مدل (بدون و با اثرات ژنتیکی وابسته به جنس به ترتیب برای وزنهای قبل از شیرگیری و بعد از شیرگیری) کم تا متوسط و از 08/0 تا 22/0 برای اتوزومی، از 01/0 تا 14/0 برای وابسته به جنس و از 04/0 تا 22/0 برای مادری بودند. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی اتوزومی، وابسته به جنس و مادری برای وزن برهها در سنین مختلف در حد متوسط تا بالا بودند. بنابراین، به منظور بهبود وزن برهها در سنین مختلف ابتدا بایستی شرایط محیطی را بهبود بخشید. تجزیه ژنتیکی وزن برهها با استفاده از مدلهای خطی که قادر به برآورد ارزشهای اصلاحی کروموزومهای اتوزومی، جنسی و مادری باشند، میتواند انتخاب ژنتیکی موثرتری برای بهبود وزن برهها ایجاد نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Genotyping of Lactoferrin and CXCR1 Genes in Guilan Native Cows and Its Association with Milk Somatic Cell Score
S.H. Hosseini Moghaddam M. Ayatollahi O. Ahadzadeh S.Z. Mirhoseini R. Khataminejad H. Alaei -
Open Access Article
87 - Effect of Tempol in Sasaki Diluent on the Quality and Fertility of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen
M. Shanmugam R.K. Mahapatra -
Open Access Article
88 - اعتبارسنجی ژنهای خانهدار جهت نرمال کردن Real Time PCR در سلولهای سوماتیکی تلیسهای شیری هلشتاین
م. محقق-دولتآبادی ح. حسینی-دولتآبادی ا. حیدری ارجلو ر. محمودیتکنیک Real time PCR مطمئنترین روش ارزیابی سطوح بیان mRNA میباشد. اگرچه، جهت به دست آوردن نتایج دقیق، انتخاب ژنهای مرجع مناسب جهت نرمال کردن دادههایReal time PCR ضروری است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی پایداری بیان 3 ژن پتانسیل مرجع (ACTB، GAPDH و UXT) در سلولهای سوم Moreتکنیک Real time PCR مطمئنترین روش ارزیابی سطوح بیان mRNA میباشد. اگرچه، جهت به دست آوردن نتایج دقیق، انتخاب ژنهای مرجع مناسب جهت نرمال کردن دادههایReal time PCR ضروری است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی پایداری بیان 3 ژن پتانسیل مرجع (ACTB، GAPDH و UXT) در سلولهای سوماتیکی شیر تلیسههای شیری هلشتاین در شرایط متفاوت بود. برای این منظور، دو نوع نمونه شیر از 18 تلیسه شیری سالم در مراحل مختلف شیردهی و 4 تلیسه مبتلا به ورم پستان در این آزمایش در نظر گرفته شد. RNA کل از سلولهای سوماتیکی استخراج شد و سپس cDNA سنتز شد. واکنش Real time PCR برای ژنهای ACTB، GAPDHو UXT به عنوان ژنهای خانهدار کاندیدا انجام شد و نتایج توسط برنامه BestKeepe مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ارزیابی ژنهای توسط Real time PCR نشان داد که همه ژن ها در تلیسه های شیری سالم و مبتلا به ورم پستان بیان شده بودند. علاوه بر این، ژنهای UXT و GAPDH به ترتیب دارای کمترین و بیشترین مقدار بیان بودند. ژن ACTB به عنوان مناسبترین کنترل داخلی در نظر گرفته شد و در سلولهای سوماتیکی صرف نظر از شرایط تلیسههای شیری دارای ثبات بیان بود. بر این اساس، نتایج مطالعه ما میتواند در انتخاب ژن مرجع مناسب برای نرمال کردن سطوح بیان در سلولهای سوماتیکی شیر تلیسههای شیری کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
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89 - Comparative Effect of Different Milking Methods and Udder Hygiene on Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality in Dairy Cows
Z. Rehman Khalil S. Akhter A. Rahman I. Ahmad S. Khan S.M. Sohail I. Amin Khalil F. Ullah -
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90 - Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 Fortification Improves Post Thaw Sperm Quality and Fertility of Goat
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91 - Association of Somatic Cell Score with Production Traits in Iranian Holstein Cows
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Open Access Article
92 - Genetic Trends for Milk Yield, Persistency of Milk Yield,Somatic Cell Count and Calving Interval in Holstein Dairy Cows of Iran
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Open Access Article
93 - امکانسنجی تشخیص اولیه بیماری ورم پستان در دامهای شیری با استفاده از پردازش نقشه های گرمایی
م.ر. گلزاریان ح. سلطانعلی ا. دوستی ایرانی س.ه. ابراهیمیبیماری ورم پستان دام به ­عنوان یکی از شایع­ترین بیماری­ها در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری مطرح می­باشد که از یکسو سلامتی دام­ها را تحت شعاع قرار داده و از سوی دیگر منجر به کاهش پویایی تولید محصولات لبنی شده است. از این ­رو هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تشخیص Moreبیماری ورم پستان دام به ­عنوان یکی از شایع­ترین بیماری­ها در واحدهای پرورش گاو شیری مطرح می­باشد که از یکسو سلامتی دام­ها را تحت شعاع قرار داده و از سوی دیگر منجر به کاهش پویایی تولید محصولات لبنی شده است. از این ­رو هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تشخیص بیماری ورم پستان در گاوهای شیری با نژاد هلشتاین با استفاده از پردازش تصاویر گرمایی بود. به­ منظور قابلیت تفکیکپذیری دام­ها و مقایسه بهتر نتایج حاصل از نقشه­های گرمایی، فاکتورهای چون میزان شیردهی، تعداد سلول­های سوماتیک و نیز تست ورم پستان کالیفرنیایی به عنوان مرجع آزمایش در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج حاصل از روش همبستگی اسپیرمن نشان داد که یک رابطه معکوسی (97/0R=) بین سلول­های سوماتیک و مقادیر شیر ثبت شده وجود دارد. نتایج قابلیت تشخیص بیماری با کمک پردازش نقشه­های گرمایی حاکی از آن بود که میانگین اختلافات دمایی بین بافت سالم و غیرسالم در پستان دام­ها برابر 44/0 درجه سانتی­گراد بوده است. به ­عبارتی دقت تشخیص این روش برابر 3/57 درصد به دست آمد. به منظور نتایج بهتر حاصل از روش پردازش تصاویر گرمایی، مدیریت پارامترهایی چون کنترل اثرات منفی تابش نور، عدم وجود مو و کرک در ناحیه پستان دام، کنترل دما در ناحیه اتصال پستان با پای دام و مدیریت زایدات پوست، در مطالعات آتی پیشنهاد گردید. Manuscript profile -
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94 - بهکارگیری سنجشهای بدنی گوسفندان سر سیاه سومالی به عنوان پارامترهایی برای برآورد وزن بدن
آ. آبرا فیسا ک. کبده کفنی ن. آماهاگوسفند و بز نقش بزرگی در اقتصاد جوامع روستایی دارند که در قسمتهای پست اتیوپی ساکن هستند. این پژوهش در منطقه پست بورنیو جنوب اتیوپی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن گوسفندان سر سیاه سومالی (BHS) با استفاده از سنجشهای خطی بدنی تحت شرایط مزرعهای انجام شد. مجموعهای از 478 رأس (301 Moreگوسفند و بز نقش بزرگی در اقتصاد جوامع روستایی دارند که در قسمتهای پست اتیوپی ساکن هستند. این پژوهش در منطقه پست بورنیو جنوب اتیوپی برای پیشبینی وزن بدن گوسفندان سر سیاه سومالی (BHS) با استفاده از سنجشهای خطی بدنی تحت شرایط مزرعهای انجام شد. مجموعهای از 478 رأس (301 ماده و 177 نر) برای سنجشهای خطی بدنی و وزن بدن اندازهگیری شدند. دادههای بهدست آمده روی ارتفاع جدوگاه (WH)، ابعاد سینه (CG)، طول بدن (BL)، عمق سینه (CD)، عرض لگن (PW)، محیط استخوان توپی (CC)، محیط دم (TC)، محیط بیضه برای نر (SC) و وزن بدن (BW) در مدلهای خطی و رگرسیون چندگانه برای پیشبینی وزن زنده از سنجشهای بدنی برازش شدند. حیوانات در دو گروه نرها و مادهها؛ و چهار گروه سنی، بر اساس جفت دندان دائمی (PPI)، همانند 0 PPI، 1 PPI، 2 PPI و 3 PPI دستهبندی شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که، وزن بدن زنده گوسفندان نژاد BHS بهدست آمده در پژوهش حاضر در مقایسه با وزن بدن توصیه شده، 30 کیلوگرم در سن یکسالگی کمتر بود. بر اساس رویه رگرسیونی مرحلهای، CD، CG، WH و TC برای مادهها و CG، CD، CC، BL و WH برای نرها جهت پیشبینی وزن زنده در مدلهای رگرسیونی خطی چندگانه بهتر بودند. مقدار ضریب همبستگی (r) نشان داد که CG بیشترین همبستگی را با وزن زنده (r=0.90 برای نرها) و ( r=89 برای مادهها) داشت. از اینرو، پژوهش نتیجه گرفت که پیشبینی وزن بدن از ابعاد سینه همراه یا در ترکیب با سنجشهای بدنی دیگر یک گزینه عملی تحت شرایط مزرعه با صحت قابل قبول خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از رکوردهای روز آزمون
K. Kheirabadi S. Alijaniهدف از این پژوهش برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی (SCS) سه دوره شیردهی نخست گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون تصادفی و روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده بود. اطلاعات مورد استفاده شامل 340318 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 41526 حیوان در 288 Moreهدف از این پژوهش برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی (SCS) سه دوره شیردهی نخست گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون تصادفی و روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده بود. اطلاعات مورد استفاده شامل 340318 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 41526 حیوان در 288 گله، 89969 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 11750 حیوان در 127 گله، و 20010 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 2461 حیوان در 60 گله، به ترتیب برای دورههای شیردهی اول، دوم و سوم بین سالهای 2002 تا 2010 بود. اثرات ثابت شامل سال زایش، سن-فصل در هنگام زایش (به صورت رگرسیون ثابت برای هر کلاس از این اثر) و گله-تاریخ رکورد برداری بود. برآورد واریانسهای ژنتیک افزایشی، تنها با تغییرات جزئی، برای همه دورههای شیردهی روند مشابهی را نشان داد. برآوردهای وراثت پذیری برای دوره شیردهی اول (03/0 تا 07/0) کمتر از این مقدار برای دورههای شیردهی دوم (07/0 تا 11/0) و سوم (08/0 تا 17/0) بود. همبستگی-های ژنتیکی بین رکوردهای روز آزمون نمره سلولهای بدنی برای روزهای مجاور بالا و بین دو انتهای دوره شیردهی پائین، و با افزایش دوره شیردهی کاهش یافت. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی بین دورههای شیردهی بالاتر از 70/0، اما برای همبستگیهای محیطی در دامنه 22/0 تا 51/0 بود. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی بین دورههای شیردهی تائید میکند که ژنهای کنترل کننده نمره سلولهای بدنی برای دورههای شیردهی مختلف مشابه بوده و انتخاب حیوان برای نمره سلولهای بدنی دوره شیردهی اول روی نمره سلولهای بدنی دیگر دورههای شیردهی تأثیرگذار خواهد بود. روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی تا سال 1995 مطلوب و بعد از آن نامطلوب بود. سطح نسبتاً بالای نمره سلولهای بدنی و روندهای ژنتیکی مثبت آن (431/0 تا 701/0 سال/میلیلیتر/سلول) نشان میدهند که در ایران بهبود ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی در سطح قابل قبولی انجام نشده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - اثر شمارش یاختههای پیکری کُل و افتراقی، مرحله شیردهی و تعداد دورههای شیردهی بر لیپولیز و ترکیب فیزیکوشیمیایی شیر شتر (Camelus dromedaries) و گاو
اچ. حامد آ.ف. ال فکری آ. گرگوریمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معد Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معدنی بیشتری است. سطح لیپولیز در شیر شتر مشابه شیر گاو است. سطح لیپولیز همگام با افزایش سطح MAC در شیر شتر افزایش یافته ولی در شیر گاو چنین نیست. نتایج حاصل نشان می­دهد که MAC در تجزیه چربی شیر شتر نقش­آفرینی می­کند. ترکیب مواد معدنی به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر SCC در شیر شتر واقع می­شود. ترکیب شیر تحت تأثیر تعداد دوره شیردهی در هر دو گونه قرار نمی­گیرد. سطح کل جامدات شیر، کلسیم و سدیم در شیر شتر همگام با پیشرفت دوره شیردهی، کاهش می­یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - فقدان ارتباط معنیدار بین ناحیه از ژن گیرنده هورمون رشد و وزنتولد گاوهای بومی سیستانی
آ. جوانمرد س. ر. میرایی آشتیانی آ. ترکمن زهی م. مرادی شهر بابکتحقیق حاضر برای بررسی ارتباط چندشکلی موجود در ناحیه پروموتور ژن گیرنده رشد با وزن تولد در گاوهای سیستانی انجام شد. به این منظور ساختار شجره موجود، با تعداد کل 1173 حیوان و 600 گوساله حاوی رکورد دقیق وزن تولد، متعلق به ایستگاه اصلاحنژاد زهک سیستان و بلوچستان مورد م Moreتحقیق حاضر برای بررسی ارتباط چندشکلی موجود در ناحیه پروموتور ژن گیرنده رشد با وزن تولد در گاوهای سیستانی انجام شد. به این منظور ساختار شجره موجود، با تعداد کل 1173 حیوان و 600 گوساله حاوی رکورد دقیق وزن تولد، متعلق به ایستگاه اصلاحنژاد زهک سیستان و بلوچستان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. در گام اولیه برآورد مولفههای واریانس ژنتیکی و وراثتپذیری وزن تولد و با استفاده از مدل حیوانی مناسب و روش حداکثر درستنمایی محدود شده و به طریق تک صفته مورد برآورد قرار گرفت. میانگین وزن تولد در گاو سیستانی صرفه نظر از لحاظ جنسیت گوساله، حدود 16/3 ± 9/23 کیلوگرم برآورد شد. البته این برآورد، با تصحیح اثر عوامل ثابت مانند جنسیت و تعداد شکم بر روی این صفت صورت گرفت. وراثتپذیری وزن تولد 06/0 ± 31/0 برآورد شد. استخراج دیانآ، از خون کامل ورید وداجی و اسپرمهای موجود به روشهای متفاوت صورت پذیرفته و سپس چند شکلی قطعات حاصل از هضم آنزیمی متعاقب پیسیآر بر روی این ژن کاندیدا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد اندازه قطعات حاصل از پیسیآر و هضم آنزیمی با تحقیقات مشابه همخوانی داشته و پس از محاسبه فراوانی ژنوتیپی و اللی، سه ژنوتیپ مشاهده شده هیچ ارتباط معنیداری را با وزن تولد نشان ندادند. بررسی چند شکلی ناحیههای دیگر ژن کاندیدای مذکور یا سایر ژنهای مرتبط با رشد برای درک مکانیزم کنترل کننده رشد در گاو سیستانی پیشنهاد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The effect of different hormone combinations on direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis in Agave americana
Maryam Nazir Shahab Sadat Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh -
Open Access Article
99 - The Effects of Varying Concentration of Colchicine on Chromosomal Characters in Nadjdi Goat (CapraHircus)
M.S. Malekpoor A. Bagherpour In order to study of varying effects of colchicine concentration in 3 levels (100,150 and 200µl) and time effect in 3 levels (1,2 and 3 h) on chromosomal characters between 10 blood cell cultures from Nadjdi goat breed, cytogenetic study was performe More In order to study of varying effects of colchicine concentration in 3 levels (100,150 and 200µl) and time effect in 3 levels (1,2 and 3 h) on chromosomal characters between 10 blood cell cultures from Nadjdi goat breed, cytogenetic study was performed. The samples were studied for several karyotypic characteristics, including long and short arm length, by which total length of the chromosomes, long arm to short arm and short arm to long arm ratio were calculated. Analysis of variance of mitotic data in factorial experimental design based on completely randomized design, showed highly significant differences between the studied cultures for all of the traits at α=0.01 level. Duncan test were carried out in order to classify the cultures and their chromosomes. All of the ten cultures of the breed had 30 chromosome pairs, Minimum total length of the chromosomes related to 100µl concentration and 1h time exposure and Maximum total length of the chromosome related to 200µl concentration and 2h time exposure. All of the interactions between cultures × chromosomes were non significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Explaining Factors Affecting Tourist Attractions in the City of Somesara, Using a Hierarchical Analytical Model
Effat Ziya Alireza Estelagi Nasrollah Fallahtabar Majid Vali Shariat PanahiToday, the tourism industry as a dynamic and inclusive system embraces all the pillars of a global community. Tourism is one of the world's largest industries and affiliated with a large part of the global economy, a phenomenon that is characterized by high mobility in MoreToday, the tourism industry as a dynamic and inclusive system embraces all the pillars of a global community. Tourism is one of the world's largest industries and affiliated with a large part of the global economy, a phenomenon that is characterized by high mobility in economic, political, Has a social and environmental impact that has an impact on the economic, social and environmental factors, resulting in various effects and consequences. From the issues and problems of the tourism sector in Iran, the position of the tourism sector in the country's planning system, planning and management weakness, lack Trained program for tourism, weakness in infrastructure and circulation services. The study area of this research is the city of Soyma Sara. This city, having natural and human potential, can become one of the tourism poles and one of the major tourist destinations. The present paper is an explanation and ranking of effective indicators for sustainable tourism development. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, library studies and questionnaire, and it is based on the assumption that what indicators are effective in the development of tourism in the city. The results show This region is one of the most beautiful and most talented areas in the province. It is one of the tourist hubs. Considering the capabilities and potential of the study area with the development of infrastructure and tourism services, quantitative and qualitative tourism can be taken in the light of developments Tourism in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Rural service development planning of geography view (Case: study TOLAM district SOMESARA Township)
Seyede khadijeh rezatabe azgomi nasrollah molei hashjinIn this research, We accomplish the planning of rural Servical development from geography point of view in Tolam part of Somesara township. So, for answering to the main question of this research . we examin, Measure and recognize the effective element in service MoreIn this research, We accomplish the planning of rural Servical development from geography point of view in Tolam part of Somesara township. So, for answering to the main question of this research . we examin, Measure and recognize the effective element in service distribution due to receiving the best pattern. There is the deficit of service in district level especially in rural domain of Goorab. Distribution of services and their performance in district level is not pure. In the villages that are for from central System of village and under system of it, Especially in Goorab part (domain), the corner of easternnorth in Nokhale Akbari domain and eastern South in Lifshagard domain , There are the lack of services especially instructural services. On the other hand , the pattern of environmental servical distribution is not best in Tolam part. The local liables have most effect in determining the center of rural district . finally , the relationship between presentation of Services and the number of population Is very weak. - The proposed pattern for presentation services Is done according to environmental and geographical hierarchy. - So that Village in Small geographical division includes Small, very small, middle and large villages. In the larger division , rural System with central city of Tolam, is noticed as the largest geographical unit. The rural under System with centerality of Hendkhale and Tolam , and rural domains with centerality of Nokhale akhbari, Hendkhale, Nargestan in Henkhale, Lifshagrad, Tolam, Goorab in Lifshagard are located between these two units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - A Comparative Study of Spending Leisure Time among the Youth in Somaesara City (A case study: boy and girl students at high school level)
akbar motamedimehr maryam vaghef koodehiOne of the most important aspects of human life that has gained special value and attention in human societies is leisure time. So, there should be a systematic and principled planning for the youth that are the fundamental and primary capitals in each society. Regardin MoreOne of the most important aspects of human life that has gained special value and attention in human societies is leisure time. So, there should be a systematic and principled planning for the youth that are the fundamental and primary capitals in each society. Regarding the significance of leisure and its potentially cultural and social advantages to the youth, especially young students, the present research has been conducted to study leisure time comparatively among boy and girl students at high school level in Somaesara. Since the research is conducted to study the present situation, the method used is descriptive-analytic through field study. The subjects of study are boy and girl students at high school level in 88-89 educational year. Data collection is done through researcher-made questionnaire. Based on random sampling, 360students are selected according to Morgan table. To analyze the data and explore the results, hypothesis testing is employed through inferential-descriptive statistics by the help of SPSS and EXCEL softwares. Based on the results reached, there is a significant difference among boy and girl students in their leisure time. This difference gets highlighted in summer. Similarly, the dire shortage of leisure facilities in Somaesara proven by the students’ needs and desires indicates that there is a no relation between the needs and leisure time creation. One hypothesis is proven with significance level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - القای پلی پلویید در بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از کلشی سین
بهزاد کاویانیاین مطالعه با هدف به دست آوردن گیاهان پلیپلویید بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از مادهی ضد میتوز کلشیسین انجام شد. آزمایشها با استفاده از کلشیسین روی بذرهای جوانهنزده انجام شد. بذرها به درون محلولهای کلشیسین با غلظتهای 01/0، 05/0، 10/0 و 20/0 درصد به مدت 24 و 48 ساع Moreاین مطالعه با هدف به دست آوردن گیاهان پلیپلویید بنفشه آفریقایی با استفاده از مادهی ضد میتوز کلشیسین انجام شد. آزمایشها با استفاده از کلشیسین روی بذرهای جوانهنزده انجام شد. بذرها به درون محلولهای کلشیسین با غلظتهای 01/0، 05/0، 10/0 و 20/0 درصد به مدت 24 و 48 ساعت غوطهور شدند. سطوح پلیپلوییدی (دیپلویید، تتراپلویید و هگزاپلویید) در ابتدا توسط شمارش کروموزوم (کاریوتایپ) تعیین شدند و سپس توسط پارامترهای تشریحی و ریختشناسی تایید گردیدند. بالاترین درصد پلیپلوییدها با کلشیسین 10/0 درصد به مدت 24 ساعت القا شد. تعداد کروموزوم در دیپلوییدها 18 = n2، در تتراپلویید 36 = n2 و در هگزاپلویید 54 = n2 بود. تفاوتها در برخی پارامترهای ریختشناسی و تشریحی بین گیاهچههای پلیپلویید و شاهد معنیدار بود. بیشترین تعداد کلروپلاستها در سلولهای نگهبان، در گیاهچههای تیمارشده با 10/0 درصد کلشیسین به مدت 24 ساعت به دست آمد. زمان در معرض قرار گرفتن 48 ساعت تاثیر قابلتوجهی روی پلیپلوییدکردن نداشت. ارقام زینتی جدید با ویژگیهای اصلاحشده میتواند توسط القای پلیپلویید تولید گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - بیان ژن ایزومراز کالکون در مراحل مختلف گلدهی اطلسی و رنگهای مختلف گل
فاطمه کیخا آخر عبدالرضا باقری نسرین مشتاقی مسعود فخرفشانیاطلسی یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زینتی در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی است. این گیاه به­ عنوان یک گیاه مدل زینتی شناخته می شود و یکی از مهمترین گیاهان در بازار فروش گل می­ باشد. فلاونوئیدها یکی از اصلی ­ترین ترکیبات در این گیاه است. بنابراین مهندسی ژنتیک با هدف تغییر ر Moreاطلسی یکی از مهمترین گیاهان زینتی در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی است. این گیاه به­ عنوان یک گیاه مدل زینتی شناخته می شود و یکی از مهمترین گیاهان در بازار فروش گل می­ باشد. فلاونوئیدها یکی از اصلی ­ترین ترکیبات در این گیاه است. بنابراین مهندسی ژنتیک با هدف تغییر رنگ گل در اطلسی بر این ترکیبات متمرکز شده است. برای بدست آوردن نمای کلی از بیان ژن­ ها در مسیر بیوسنتزی گیاه اطلسی، ما بیان ژن چالکون ایزومراز را در رنگ ­های مختلف و مراحل متفاوت گلدهی در این گیاه بررسی کردیم. همچنین برای بدست آوردن رابطه احتمالی بین بیان ژن و میزان این ترکیبات، غلظت فلاونوئیدهای کل، آنتوسیانین ­ها و نارنجنین اندازه ­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیان ژن چالکون ایزومراز در رنگ ­های مختلف اطلسی متفاوت بود. بطوری­ که بیشترین بیان ژن در اطلسی با رنگ گل قرمز مشاهده شد. همچنین غلظت نارنجنین در این رنگ گل بیشترین مقدار بود. در مقایسه با مراحل مختلف گلدهی، مرحله 1 بیشترین بیان را داشت. به عبارت دیگر هنگامی که گل­ ها به­ طور کامل بسته بودند (غنچه گل)، بیان و غلظت چالکون ایزومراز بیشترین مقدار بود. نتایج آزمایش ما نشان داد که چالکون ایزومراز یکی از ژن ­های کلیدی در مسیر بیوسنتزی تولید رنگ در این گیاه است به ­طوری که در غیاب این ژن، تولید رنگ متوقف خواهد شد. شناسایی ژن­ های موثر در مسیر تولید متابولیت ­های ثانویه در انتخاب صحیح ژن­ ها برای تغییر ژنتیکی آن­ ها و تولید متابولیت­ های ثانویه مختلف موثر خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Some Useful Information about Micropropagation
Behzad KavianiThis review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of MoreThis review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of several hundred papers published all over the world. Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for micropropagation. Enhancement of efficiency and efficacy of plant regeneration are primary goals of micropropagation. In this article, maximum and minimum use of some basic issues concerned with plant tissue culture in vitro especially micropropagation such as types of explants, types of culture media, types of sterilizing agent for explants, types of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for general studies of miro-propagation, shoot and root induction, somatic embryogenesis (SE) and callus induction have been considered. Maximal application for explants, culture media and sterilizing agent are single node, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and sodium hypochlorite (NAClO), respectively. BA and NAA are the most application among cytokinins (CKs) and auxins for general studies of miroprop-agation. Among all PGRs used for general studies of miropropagation, NAA is on the top. BA and IBA are the most use among CKs and auxins for shooting and rooting of explants, respectively. 2,4-D, NAA and TDZ are used more than the other PGRs for induction of SE. Among all types of auxins and CKs used as singular or in combination with them for callus induction, 2,4-D is at the top level. Combination of BA and NAA is the maximum for general studies of miropropagation. This review article can help to the future studies on micro-propagation due to the correct selection of the treatments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Erosion and Sedimentation Area of the Ladiz Drainage Basin
Mohammadreza Noura سیدرضا موسوی حرمی -
Open Access Article
107 - Collaboration space division in collaborative product development based on a genetic algorithm
Xueming Qian Yanqiao Ma Huan Feng -
Open Access Article
108 - An improved genetic algorithm for multidimensional optimization of precedence-constrained production planning and scheduling
Son Duy Dao Kazem Abhary Romeo Marian -
Open Access Article
109 - Karyotypic study of three Achille millefolium genotypes from Iran
علی مازوجی فهیمه سلیم پور Talayeh PoorfarzanehAchillea is one of the most recent genera of the Asteraceae family which exists throughout the world. Achillea millefolium accessions was performed from new localities in two provinces including Hyrcanian region and Irano-turanian region for the first time. Chromo MoreAchillea is one of the most recent genera of the Asteraceae family which exists throughout the world. Achillea millefolium accessions was performed from new localities in two provinces including Hyrcanian region and Irano-turanian region for the first time. Chromosomal characteristics and karyotype asymmetry indicated that two accessions were hexaploid (2n=6x=54) and one of them is Octaploid (2n=8x=72). Am4 accession is the most asymetric karyotype. Based on our results, structural changes of chromosomes as one of as the mechanism of inter and intra species diversification in the Achillea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells on the levels of estradiol and testosterone secreted from the ovarian granulosa cells of immature NMRI mice
Javad Baharara Sajad Farrokhyar akram eidi nasim HAYATIThe problem of infertility in the world today has become a social concern and can cause severe psychological trauma to couples. One of the most important ovarian cells are granulosa cells that affect the growth and maturation of oocytes. Exosomes are a special class of MoreThe problem of infertility in the world today has become a social concern and can cause severe psychological trauma to couples. One of the most important ovarian cells are granulosa cells that affect the growth and maturation of oocytes. Exosomes are a special class of extracellular vesicles that can trigger cellular responses by signaling to cells. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the secretion of estradiol and testosterone in granulosa cells treated with exosomes secreted from bone marrow stem cells. In this study, bone marrow stem cells were cultured and the culture medium of cells containing exosomes was collected. Subsequently, the presence and diameter of exosomes were examined using atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy. Finally, the concentration of hormones secreted from granulosa cells was assessed by ELISA method. The results obtained by atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of exosomes with an approximate diameter of 70 nm and also treatment of mice ovarian granulosa cells with exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increased the secretion of estradiol and testosterone by these cells. The results of this study confirm the effect of exosomes derived from bone marrow on the secretion of sex hormones and the effect on fertility Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Investigating the Antimicrobial Effects of Nisome Nontaining Savory Plant (Satureja macrantha)Extract on the Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Fahimeh Najafi Fatemehsadat Valizadeh simin nabizadeh Ali Asghar Bagheri Amir MirzaeiThe savory(Satureja macrantha) belongs to the mint family, it is an annual or multi-year plant, Iran has 12 annual or multi-year grass species. In many studies, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antispasmodic, stomach strengthening and digestion facilitating propert MoreThe savory(Satureja macrantha) belongs to the mint family, it is an annual or multi-year plant, Iran has 12 annual or multi-year grass species. In many studies, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antispasmodic, stomach strengthening and digestion facilitating properties of this genus have been reported. Nisome is a important surfactant-based non-ionic vesicle. Niosomes offer several advantages for drug delivery systems, including osmotically active, chemical stability and long retention time compared to liposomes. In the present study, niosomes extracted from as a drug are dynamically evaluated by calorimetric method (Folin's method). In this study niosomes formulation containing Satureja macrantha extract, in order to achieve the optimal formulation, different formulations were prepared based on the molar ratio of Span 60/Tween 60, cholesterol and with a sonication time of 7 minutes. The niosomes extracted from the savory plant significantly inhibited the activity of the two bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus ) and (Escherichia coli) tested in the present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Synthesis, characterization and study of Pt/A type-HMS micro/mesoporous catalysts in the normal heptane reforming process
Nastaran ParsafardIn present work, the gas phase reforming of normal heptane was used to study the catalytic activity of micro/mesoporous composites. The influence of the structures of these catalysts on the normal heptane conversion and the selectivity to various products including mult MoreIn present work, the gas phase reforming of normal heptane was used to study the catalytic activity of micro/mesoporous composites. The influence of the structures of these catalysts on the normal heptane conversion and the selectivity to various products including multi and mono branched isomers and cracking products was studied. Various characterization techniques, i.e., X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray florescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyzer (TGA/DTA), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements were used for characterization of the catalysts. The catalytic activity and stability in normal heptane reforming for platinated composite materials consisting of HMS mesopore section (hexagonal mesoporous silica) and microspore section of series A zeolites including 3A, 4A, and 5A, were very close to each other. However, the results show that the selectivity toward the formation of isomers is remarkably high for Pt/4A-HMS composite catalyst. The results show that the effective parameter on catalytic performance is the aluminum amount (or Si/Al ratio) in the structure of the prepared catalysts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - حضور زنان در دو داستان پرندهء من از فریبا وفی و من اورا دوست داشتم از آناگاوالدا
Alireza Salehi Mahdieh Fadaeنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و &laq Moreنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و «من او را دوست داشتم » از آناگاوالدا نویسنده معاصر فرانسوی است. در این پژوهش نگاه هر دو نویسنده به عشق، خانواده و جایگاه زنان در جامعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به اینکه این دو نویسنده از دو اجتماع متفاوت با فرهنگ و موقعیت جغرافیایی مختلف هستند اما پیام و درون مایه هر دو نویسنده ظلم به زن و تنهایی زنان و بی وفایی مردان است. زنان این داستان ها به دنبال کشف هویت فردی مستقل خود هستند و با وجود وابستگی عاطفی و اقتصادی که به همسران و خانواده خود دارند دچار خلا عاطفی شده و در نتیجه احساس تنهایی و خستگی روانی ناشی از نبود هویت و استقلال وجودشان را فراگرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Effectiveness of a New Social / Cognitive Therapeutic Model for Aggressive Children
Ali Sahebi Efat S. MirabdollahiThe present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new therapeutic model for aggressive children in Iran. The intervention was based on a social/cognitive model. 119 boys and 38 girls, ages 8-15 (M=10.77, S.D. = 1.33) participated in the study. Children were referred by MoreThe present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new therapeutic model for aggressive children in Iran. The intervention was based on a social/cognitive model. 119 boys and 38 girls, ages 8-15 (M=10.77, S.D. = 1.33) participated in the study. Children were referred by the teachers of the selected schools, based on having one of the six aggressiveness criteria, and diagnosed with a symptom checklist based on the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. 31 children were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 19 with Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder (ODD/CD), 47 with ADHD/ODD, 22 with ADHD/CD, and 38 with other types of diagnoses not mentioned above. All children were administered the Children Depression Inventory (CDI), the Piers Harris Self-Concept Scale (PHSCS), and The Youth Self-Report (YSR) as a pre and post-test measure of their conduct. The Bauermeister School Behaviour Inventory (BSBI) was completed by teachers as an additional measure. Children then were divided in five groups: 1- somatic complaints, 2- Anxiety depresssion, 3- social problems, 4- Attention problems, and 5- Aggressive conduct, and they all received eight sessions of social/cognitive therapy. The results suggest that the social/cognitive treatment was effective with all groups of children, regardless of diagnostic classification, in reducing somatic complaints, anxiety/ depression, social problems, attention problems, and aggressive conduct. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Cognitive -behavioral family therapy for patients with musculoskeletal pain
Mohammad KhoadyarifardThe effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the ar MoreThe effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the areas of lower back and neck, referred to a private, psychological clinic, were selected as the sample. Clinical interviews, MMPI and ScL--R tests were done to measure psychological problems. Family therapy was done and post test results showed the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral family therapy by promoting patients’ skills of problem solving and communication, effective coping and self assertion. Further research is suggested to assess the relative effectiveness of other kinds of therapy techniques such as drug, behavior, and individual and group cognitive therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Masculinization of Zebra Cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) with Oral Treatment of 17Alpha-Methyl Testosterone and the Effects on Mortality Rate, Sterilization and Mixed Sexual Fish
S. H. Mosavi Sabet A. Zamini H. Vahab Zadeh Rodsari Z. Morad KhaniIn this study production of a monosex Zebra Cichlid Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum population was studied. Cichlids fries (7 days) were fed with six different hormonal doses 30, 60, 100, 150, 200 & 300 mg 17alpha-methyl testosterone/kg diet for 40 days. The hormone was a MoreIn this study production of a monosex Zebra Cichlid Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum population was studied. Cichlids fries (7 days) were fed with six different hormonal doses 30, 60, 100, 150, 200 & 300 mg 17alpha-methyl testosterone/kg diet for 40 days. The hormone was added to food by alcohol dry method. During the test, fish were kept in 28±1 in temperature, 7.5 to 8.3 in pH and less than 170±10 mg/lit in water hardness. Fish were fed 6 times, from 6 am to 11 p.m. Results showed that the male numbers obtained in all treatments were more than the control group, and the dose of 100mgMT/kg food was more efficient in sex reversal than others, resulting in all males (P<0.05). Histological results showed dose of 300mgMT/kg food was more efficient in sex sterilizing than the others, resulting in 97.6% (P<0.05). 300mgMT/kg food increased mortality rate to 37.5% (P<0.05). 30mg MT/kg food increased mixed sexual to 8.8% (P<0.05). Hormonal sex reversal is a good method to produce mono sex fish population and limits unwanted breeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Hormone disrupting effects of nonylphenol ethoxylates on 17 ß – estradiol levels and ovary in Zebra cichlid ( Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum )
T. Maktabi M. Roostaie M. Mahdavi N. Nasiri H. Hosseinzadeh SahhafiThe present study investigatedsexually disrupting effects of a weak estrogen receptor agonist, nonylphenolethoxylale on 17 ß – estradiolproduction and ovary tissue in immatureZebra Cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). To determine the effects ofnonylphenol e MoreThe present study investigatedsexually disrupting effects of a weak estrogen receptor agonist, nonylphenolethoxylale on 17 ß – estradiolproduction and ovary tissue in immatureZebra Cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). To determine the effects ofnonylphenol ethoxylale ( NPEO ) on female sex hormone of Zebra cichlid, the fish were divided in 3weight groups ( < 4 g , 4 – 5 g and > 5 g ) and exposed to threeconcentrations ( 10 – 50 – 100 µg / L ) of NPEO in glass aquariums during 60days. At an estimated NPEO concentration of 50 and 100 µg / L, 17 ß – estradiolproduction significantly was increased (P < 0.01). Specialchanges were showed in 50 µg / L. Estadiol levels were 0.13 –0.70 ng /ml. Thisevidence of steroid hormone (17 ß – estradiol) levels showed that nonylphenolethoxylate (>10 µg / L ) could exert estrogenic effects through geneexpression and producting enzymes involving vitellogenesis and lead toproduction of grown oocytes in 50 µg / L of nonylphenol ethoxylale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Effects of Silymarin and 17β estradiol on gonadosomatic index and histological changes of oocytes in female Three spot Gourami. (Trichogaster trichopterus)
T. Naji H. Hosseinzadeh sahafi S. RezaeeEffects of silymarin and 17β estradiol (E2) on gonadosomatic index and histological changes of oocytes were investigated in female Three spot Gourami. 100 immature female fish with mean weight of (2.5±0.5g) were evaluated in 8 treatments with 2 control group MoreEffects of silymarin and 17β estradiol (E2) on gonadosomatic index and histological changes of oocytes were investigated in female Three spot Gourami. 100 immature female fish with mean weight of (2.5±0.5g) were evaluated in 8 treatments with 2 control groups. The fishes in different groups were treated with silymarin and E2 separately (10,20,30,50 mg/kg). Control one received 20µL methanol and control two was intact. After 20 days experimental fishes ovaries removed and weighted. Histopathological studies of ovary and gonadosomatic indires of fishes of the 8 tretments were compared with those of control groups, fishes. Statistical analysis showed that the results of comparison of amount of GSI for silymarin in first and second treatments was 1.2% and for third and fourth treatments was 1/8% Amount of GSI for (E2) in fifth treatment was 0.7% and sixth treatment was 1.2% and for seventh and eighth treatments it was 1.75% in comparison with control group which was 0.5% these defferences were significant (P<0.05). This result was approved by histopathological finding which showed that fourth and eighth treatment were more effective because begining moving Germinal vesicle on growth and maturation of oocytes in female three Spot Gourami. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from healthy workers nasal swabs in Larestan hospitals
Mehdi Ebadi Tahereh KhaliliazadBackground & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical co MoreBackground & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical community. Meanwhile, resistance to methicillin is important because of limiting treatment. This study was conducted to track methicillin resistance gene and to type staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) in S. aureus strains isolated from nasal swabs of healthy hospital workers and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the strains. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 230 specimens were collected from healthy workers nasal swabs of Larestan hospital during 2015. S. aureus strains were identified using laboratory standard methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was characterized using disk diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by E-test and sensitivity to methicillin was assessed by agar screening test. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic-resistant mecA gene and SCCmec genotyping were investigated using the multiplex-PCR method. Results: Among all nasal swab samples, 37 (14.8%) S. aureus isolates were recovered. 28 (75.7%) out of 37 S. aureus isolates were confirmed as MRSA. 21 (75%) of 28 MRSA isolates were community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and the remaining 7 (25%) were hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA). SCCmec genotyping showed the most frequent isolates as follows: 9 (32.1%) isolates as SCCmec type I, 8 (28.6%) isolates as SCCmec type IV, 5 (17.9%) isolates as SCCmec type II, 4 (14.3%) isolates as SCCmec type V and 2 (7.1%) isolates as SCCmec type III. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern showed the highest resistance to penicillin (100%) and oxacillin (60%) respectively, and the lowest resistance to vancomycin (0%). E-test results confirmed 28.5% of the isolates as intermediate vancomycin-resistant. Using agar screening test, oxacillin resistance was shown as 92.8%. Conclusion: Our result showed that 70% methicillin resistance in the S. aureus which is mostly CA-MRSA strains. This could be a serious warning about the need to treat infections caused by this bacterium and control the carriers in the hospital environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The effect of sonication on thyme essential oil- containing nano-niosome as nano bio-detergents
Zohre Karimi Samira Naderinezhad Fateme HaghiralsadatBackground & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of thyme e MoreBackground & Objectives: Due to antimicrobial properties of plants, lots of attention has been recently paid to the addition of natural ingredients to pharmaceutical, food and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was investigation and synthesis of thyme essential oil - containing nanoparticles as bio-detergents. Material & Methods: Thyme essential oil was extracted and purified using Clevenger apparatus. Then nano-niosomes containing thyme essential oil was prepared by Bangham method using Tween 60, Span 60 and lipid cholesterol. Then, two methods were investigated in order to reduce the particles size (bath and probe sonication). The nanoparticles were characterized in term of release rate, size, zeta potential, morphology, infrared spectra and loading efficiency. The antibacterial properties of the detergent against Staphylococcus aureus were studied in term of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone. Results: The results showed a smaller particle size resulted from probe sonication compared to bath sonication. The essential oil loading efficiency of particles prepared by bath sonication was 4.65% higher than the probe sonication method. Type of sonication did not change the zeta potential of nanoparticles. The essential oil was physically encapsulated in the nano-niosome, without changing its properties during encapsulation. The nanoparticle was uniformly disturbed with spherical structure. The results showed a significant anti-bacterial property of the detergents against Staphylococcus aureus (MBC of 15.625 µg/ml). Conclusion: Bath sonication is economically recommended compared to probe sonication in preparation of nanoparticles. The results of this preliminary study introduce an anti-bacterial herbal detergent which can be more developed in further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Tax ("Baj", "Baj", "Kharaj", "Sav", "Gazit", "Gazid") in Iranshahri thoughts
seyyed mohammd fath ollahzade Mir jalil AkramiIn the tax system, ransom and tribute were an important source of income for Iranshahr. These resources were provided through the payment of ransom and tribute from the people inside the country, or through the extortion and tribute of the princes of Iranshahri from the MoreIn the tax system, ransom and tribute were an important source of income for Iranshahr. These resources were provided through the payment of ransom and tribute from the people inside the country, or through the extortion and tribute of the princes of Iranshahri from the kings of other countries. In this regard, most of the rulers and kings of the lands and kingdoms played a significant role. In the mythology of Iran, lands such as Hamavaran, China, India, etc. were among the ransom paying countries of Iranshahris; Of course, some countries were either at war or at peace with Iranians. In any case, the powerful princes of Iran used to collect ransom and tribute from these countries and other kingdoms. In this study and research, while examining and extracting "ransoms", "tributes" and how to collect and pay tribute and the quality of its use in the construction and settlement and security of Iranshahr, it has been tried. The political relations and the behavior of the princes of Iranshahr in taking taxes (extortion and tribute) in peacetime or during war in dealing with the rulers and kings of different countries and kingdoms of the world and the people of Iranshahr should be evaluated. In the meantime, the attention and opinions of the Shahriars of Iranshahr have been more in collecting ransom and tribute from the people of Iranshahr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Threats to international peace and security from the Failed State (Case study: Somalia)
mahdi Baghban babak naderporThe security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and s MoreThe security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and security was first raised by the united states of America after 11 September. however, the international community has not had a clear understanding of the threat to international peace and security posed by the collapse of government. in this regard, a study of UN resolutions on the crisis in Somalia, which has been recognized as a failed state in the world for three decades since 1991, seeks to identify the various threats to international peace and security caused by collapse governments came out. In this descriptive content analysis study, 97 UN resolutions on the Somalia crisis were analyzed. as a result. it has been determined that the failure of government will pose at least 13 types of threats to international peace and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The role of informal actors in responding to unintentional crimes causes diyat
mostafa Kafi mohsen shekarchizadeh Ahmadreza tavakoliAbstract:. The broad definition of criminal policy emphasizes the role of public institutions in partnering with formal institutions in combating the criminal phenomenon, and therefore participatory criminal policy means the broad participation of public institutions al MoreAbstract:. The broad definition of criminal policy emphasizes the role of public institutions in partnering with formal institutions in combating the criminal phenomenon, and therefore participatory criminal policy means the broad participation of public institutions alongside formal and governmental institutions in response to crime. Diyat in unintentional crimes is more than a criminal form, it is a legal framework for compensating and compensating the victim, therefore, due to the existence of significant capacities such as labor dispute resolution authorities, primary and renewal boards. According to the medical system, the bodily injury insurance fund, dispute resolution councils, mediating authorities, etc., it is possible to handle cases related to blood money in unintentional crimes, such as work-related accidents, sports accidents, medical accidents and accidents. Driving is crystallized with the participation of informal and non-governmental institutions and, according to criminal policy scholars, public institutions and not only by the court as a formal government institution, which in addition to reducing the entry of cases to the judiciary, avoids From labeling, reducing trial delays, de-judicialization, using the capacities of civil institutions in resolving disputes, tending to a restorative approach in dealing with crimes and protecting the rights of both parties to the lawsuit, and dealing appropriately and distinctly with other perpetrators of intentional crimes in court. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Somewhat-connectedness and somewhat-continuity in the product space
M. S. Bilao M. A. Labendia -
Open Access Article
125 - Some properties of Moore$-$Penrose inverse of weighted composition operators
M. Sohrabi -
Open Access Article
126 - Higher rank numerical ranges of rectangular matrix polynomials
Gh. Aghamollaei M. Zahraei -
Open Access Article
127 - Study of Somatic Embryogenesis Potential of Male Florets and Pistillate Flowers of Persian Walnut (Juglansregia L.)
M. Farsi K. Vahdati M. Lotfi D. Hassani M. Mirmasoumi -
Open Access Article
128 - Application of hydrotropic solubilization in spectrophotometric analysis of Esomeprazole and Itopride pharmaceutical combined tablet dosage forms
Mukesh Sharma Smita Sharma -
Open Access Article
129 - Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrophenol Isomers in Environmental Samples Using First Derivative of the Density Ratio Spectra
F. Bagheban-Shahri A. Niazi A. Akrami -
Open Access Article
130 - New Imidazo[4,5-a] Acridine: Synthesis and Studying the Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Its Interaction with the Topoisomerase Enzyme
Maryam Toosi Mehdi Pordel Mohammad Reza Bozorgmehr -
Open Access Article
131 - Detection of Gyrase Enzyme among Clinical Isolates of E. coli Resistance to some Quinolone Antibiotics
Iman Fadhil Abdul-Husin Mohammed Sabri Abdul-Razzaq -
Open Access Article
132 - A Comparative Study on Some Biological Parameters in Wild and Farmed Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
سکینه یگانه سیده زینب عابدی حسین رحمانیIn this research, gonadosomatic index (GSI), growth pattern, condition factor (CF), and length-weight regression relationship (LWR) in farmed and wild Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. In order to establish baseline for research, 85 wild and farmed common MoreIn this research, gonadosomatic index (GSI), growth pattern, condition factor (CF), and length-weight regression relationship (LWR) in farmed and wild Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. In order to establish baseline for research, 85 wild and farmed common carp were prepared during the different season of the year (averagely 10 farmed and 10 wild fish per each season). The results showed that the CF in farmed Common carp was higher than wild carp. GSI didnand#39;t show any significant differences between wild and farmed Common carp (Pandgt; 0.05). The seasonal variation of GSI had significant differences between 2 groups (Pandlt; 0.05). Correlation index or LWR in wild carp (W=3.391 L 0.78) was higher than farmed carp (W= 2.679 L0.7) (Pandlt; 0.05). The line slope of farmed and wild carp were ln W= 2.68 ln L -3.738 and ln W= 3.391 ln L -5.65, respectively. In this study, growth estimates of wild and farmed common carp showed an Isometric pattern. The increasing trend of wild and farmed carpand#39;s GSI during summer to spring was according to spawning period of this fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The Prevalence Investigation of gr/gr, b1/b3, b2/b3 Partial Polymorphisms in Iranian Oligospermia Males
پریچهر یغمایی ناصر سلسبیلی نسیم حیاتی رودباری رضا میرفخرایی مریم منتظری میترا عطاییThe human Y chromosome contains genes that are located on three major intervals defined as AZFa, AZFb, AZFc. Deletions in these genes may result in spermatogenic failure in patients with oligospermia and azoospermia. The main perpose of this study is the investigation P MoreThe human Y chromosome contains genes that are located on three major intervals defined as AZFa, AZFb, AZFc. Deletions in these genes may result in spermatogenic failure in patients with oligospermia and azoospermia. The main perpose of this study is the investigation Prevalence partial microdeletion of Y chromosome (gr/gr, b1/b3, b2/b3) in oligospermia Males. In this study 30 oligospermia infertile mail with sperm count andlt;10andtimes; 106 and 50 fertile men was investigated. Multiplex PCR were performed for investigation gr/gr, b1/b3, b2/b3 microdeletions. Totally, 5 patients (17%) and 6 healthy individual (12%) had deletions. 4 patients (13/7%) with gr/gr and 1patient with b2/b3 (3/4%) had shown. In healthy individual were 5 cases (10%) with gr/gr partial and 1 case (2%) with b2/b3. Our findings suggest that knowing the prevalence of AZF microdeletions in Iranian infertile men will be informative before starting assistend reproductive treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Histomorphology and Histochemical Study of Pronephrosis inArgyrosomus hololepidotus in Persian Gulf
حسن مروتی محمدتقی شیبانی مسعود ادیب مرادی سلمان سلطانیArgyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to high valued protein are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their identificatio MoreArgyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to high valued protein are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their identification is important in health and disease states. Unlike mammals, fish lack lymph node and also there is not hematopoietic tissue in their bone marrows, and so mainly Hematopoiesis is done in their spleen and kidney. In this study, 6 pieces of Argyrosomus hololepidotus were provided from the Persian Gulf. Some samples from the spleen up to 5mm thickness were prepared and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Then tissue sections were prepared in 5-6 μ and after HandE staining, the structures of the capsule and parenchyma of pronephrose were studied histologically. In order to confirm the results and findings of this staining, silver staining was also used. Microscopic results showed that tissue structure of Argyrosomus hololepidotuspronephrose was consisted of hematopoietic tissue, lymphoid tissues and kidney tubules. Pronephrose lymphoid tissues are also consisted of reticular supportive tissue and lymphocytic parenchyma cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Sertoli Cell Efficiency in Spermatogenesis, A Review Study
Mohammad Javid Akbarian Hossein AziziOver 100 million sperm are daily produced by the male reproductive system for the purpose of reproduction and fertility in male gender. During embryonic development, primordial germ cells migrate to the testes and transform into undifferentiated germ cells called sperma MoreOver 100 million sperm are daily produced by the male reproductive system for the purpose of reproduction and fertility in male gender. During embryonic development, primordial germ cells migrate to the testes and transform into undifferentiated germ cells called spermatogonia, which are destined to develop into mature sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. Successful spermatogenesis and thus efficient fertility are dependent upon various factors, including Sertoli cell efficiency. Studies have reported a direct correlation between the morphology of Sertoli and germ cells indicating the importance of these somatic cells inside the spermatogenic tubes. The first structural investigations and possibilities about the function of these cells date back over 150 years when 23-year-old Enrico Sertoli first assessed the structure of these somatic cells. The results of years of research on various functions and effects of these cells have contributed significantly to studies on infertility. This has drawn more attention to the characteristics and mechanisms of physiological action of Sertoli cells, as well as the analysis of disorders related to them so that an effective step can be taken in the treatment of male fertility problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Differentiation Effect of Exosomes Derived from Monocytes and Macrophages on Chitosan Alginate Drip Scaffolds
Nasrin Hosseini Javad Baharara Khadijeh Nejad Shahrokhabadi Saeedeh Zafar BalanezhadBone injuries are one of the challenges of medical science which costs a lot of money in the world for the treatment every year. Exosomes are nanovesicles which carry the proteins and genetic material into the target cell, which in turn, induces the proliferation, cell MoreBone injuries are one of the challenges of medical science which costs a lot of money in the world for the treatment every year. Exosomes are nanovesicles which carry the proteins and genetic material into the target cell, which in turn, induces the proliferation, cell survival, and differentiation in the recipient cell. These features make exosomes a proper differentiation factor. This study aimed to investigate the differentiating effect of exosomes derived from the monocytes and macrophages on chitosan alginate drip scaffolds. Chitosan-alginate scaffolds were made by drip method with fat stem cells. Monocytes were cultured, and the supernatant was collected, and the exosomes were collected by the ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were identified by DLS and SEM methods. The samples were treated, and then MTT and DAPI tests were performed. The osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase and real-time PCR. MTT results showed that the survival rate of differentiated cells with exosomes on days 7, 14, and 21 was increased compared to control group. Moreover, DAPI results showed no cell death in the treatment groups, and the results of the alkaline phosphatase test showed an increase with the control group, and also the results of real-time PCR increased the expression of genes BMP2/6, SMAD4 and differentiation genes Osc and Opn in the treatment group. This study showed that the exosomes derived from the monocytes and macrophages could cause survival and osteogenic differentiation of the fat mesenchymal cells in the chitosan alginate scaffold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Efect of Adding Prebiotic, Synbiotic and Phytobiotic Supplements in the Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Some Blood Parameters of Fattening Zell Lambs
Mehdi Saravani Mohsen Hajipour Kaveh Jafari Khorshidi Seyed Makan Mousavi Kashani Parvin ShawrangIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male MoreIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male lambs with an avrage age of about 5 months and an avrage weight of 25.4±0.50 were used for 90 days. The experimental treatments included 1- control group (no supplement), 2- treatment containing 2 g of A-Max prebiotic supplement, 3- treatment containing 4 g of Biomin IMBO synbiotic supplement, and 4- treatment containing 6 g of Bioherbal phytobiotic supplement per head of lamb per day. The growth performance results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental treatments in the fattening weight, dry matter intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The highest weight at the end of the fattening period, dry matter intake and daily weight gain were observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 6 g of phytobiotic supplement had the lowest feed conversion ratio. The highest apparent digestibility of dry matter, NDF and ADF was observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement (p < 0.05). The results of some blood serum parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of glucose was in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement, the lowest concentration of cholesterol was in the treatment of 6 g of phytobiotic supplement. Blood urea nitrogen had the lowest concentration in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 4 g of synbiotic supplement had the highest hot carcass weight, hot carcass percentage, cold carcass weight, cold carcass percentage, thigh percentage and shoulder percentage (p < 0.05). The present research showed that the addition of 4 g of synbiotic supplement in the diet improved the growth performance, valuable parts of the carcass and the apparent digestibility of nutrients in fattening lambs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Literary Analysis of Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Disorders in Fereydoun
Zeinab Baghery Mohammad Ali Davoodabady Ali Sarvar Ya'ghoobi Abstract Fereydoun's grief at the death of his son, Iraj, was more than the grief of an ordinary grief-stricken man. Depression caused by the death of his son was harder than he could tolerate it with awareness. Fereydoun suddenly lost his sight and became blin More Abstract Fereydoun's grief at the death of his son, Iraj, was more than the grief of an ordinary grief-stricken man. Depression caused by the death of his son was harder than he could tolerate it with awareness. Fereydoun suddenly lost his sight and became blind. This article aims at the analytical method based on scientific theories of psychiatry to explain and justify psychosomatic disorder of Fereydoun in the Shahnameh. Psychiatrists believe that after stressful experience it is possible to appear disruptions in the body system that occurs quite suddenly. And on the bases of medical science cannot be justified. Psychosomatic disorders are often seen after bitter experience without physical apparent reason which appears in the form of physical symptoms. Identifying an organic cause is difficult to express one's illness or sometimes impossible cause to be affected by a part of the body. Sometimes unpleasant condition makes that part of the body affected is no longer able to perform its normal activities and those parts of the body react with dysfunction and becomes the same thing that happened to Fereydoun in the death of Iraj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Evaluation of Haploid production methods in wheat through maize cross
reza bozorgipourIn this research was conducted to compare three methods of haploid production in hexaploid wheat through chromosome elimination (wheat ×maize cross) for use in the breeding programs. The three methods were A) classical B) detached and C) intermediate or sime-detac MoreIn this research was conducted to compare three methods of haploid production in hexaploid wheat through chromosome elimination (wheat ×maize cross) for use in the breeding programs. The three methods were A) classical B) detached and C) intermediate or sime-detached. Parental materials were 11 wheat F1 genotypes as female parents and BS572 hybrid as male parent. The traits studied were percentage of seed set, percentage embryo formation and percentage of haploid plantlet production. Among all the three methods, the intermediate C) method was significantly superior to others in which the seed set, embryo formation and haploid plant production were 84.98%, 21.73% and 49.52% respectively. Overall, haploid production from the initial number of pollinated florets was 13.80% in this method Among all the three methods, the intermediate C) method was significantly superior to others in which the seed set, embryo formation and haploid plant production were 84.98%, 21.73% and 49.52% respectively. Overall, haploid production from the initial number of pollinated florets was 13.80% in this method.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - A Comparative Study on the Effect of Different Levels of Carnivorous Chrysomya Larvae Powder on Growth, Feeding and Survival Indicators in Astronotus Ocellatusâs Diet
Mojtaba Ghorbanpour Delavar Reza Changizi Hamed ManouchehriThis Research is conducted to study the effects of using Carnivorous Chrysomya larvae powder as an appropriate alternative to fish meal on the growth indicators of Astronotus Ocellatus and determining the proper replacement amount as totally random designs. The designs MoreThis Research is conducted to study the effects of using Carnivorous Chrysomya larvae powder as an appropriate alternative to fish meal on the growth indicators of Astronotus Ocellatus and determining the proper replacement amount as totally random designs. The designs included four diets(M25, M50, M75, M100) with increasing levels of replacement of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the insect powder instead of the fish meal for 12 weeks. During the experimental period, biometry of fish and water physico-chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH) were measured every 15 days. The results showed that diets containing Carnivorous Chrysomya larvae powder had a significant effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), percent of weight gain (PWBI), weight gain (WBI), specific growth rate (SGR) and average daily gain (ADG) (P<0.05) and although no significant difference was observed in the survival percentage of the fish with different treatments (P>0.05), the survival was increased by increasing the amount of Carnivorous Chrysomya larvae powder. The best growth and survival results were observed at the replacement treatment of 100% fish meal with Carnivorous Chrysomya larvae powder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Effects of BA Foliar application on some qulity and quantity characteristics in Corn (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation in Pakdasht region
Mohammad NasriTo evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in PAKDASHT. MoreTo evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in PAKDASHT. Experimental treatments include main plot: C0 = Normal irrigation, C1= cut irrigation at stem elongation stage, C2 = cut irrigation in flowering stage, C3=cut irrigation at filling grain stage and sub plot research include: = M0= control (no application) = M1 = 100 ppm. M2 = 200 ppm respectively. The results of this study showed that cutirrigation can reduce grain yield, grain weight, biological yield, harvest index, protein yield, oil content, oil yield, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, relative water content, was foliar application BA the following parameters were increased. The highest T.G.W, G.Y, B.Y, oil percentage and Chol a were achieved Normal Irrigation * 200 ppm AB (341.1 gr, 8982.7 (Kg.ha), 28942.2(Kg.ha), 6.97(%),1.94 Spad) had no significant difference with C0M0,C0M2,C1M2 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Effects of BAFoliar application on some qulity and quantity characteristics in hybrid Corn (Zea maysVar T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation in Pakdasht region.
mahdi BagheriTo evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at a farm in MoreTo evaluate the effect of foliar application of BA on morphological and physiological characteristics l Maize (Zea mays Var T.W.C.647) under cut irrigation, the experiment was conducted split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at a farm in PAKDASHT at Tehran zone. Experimental treatments include main plots: C0 = Normal irrigation, C1= cut irrigation at stem elongation stage, C2 = cut irrigation at flowering stage, C3=cut irrigation at filling grain stage and sub plots of research include: M0= control (no application), M1 = 100 ppm, M2 = 200 ppm respectively. The results of this study showed that cut irrigation can reduce grain yield, grain weight, biological yield, harvest index, protein yield, oil content, oil yield, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, relative water content, but foliar application BA were increased the following parameters. The highest T.G.W, G.Y, B.Y, oil percentage and Total chlorophyll a were achieved Normal Irrigation * 200 ppm BA(341.1 gr, 8982.7 (Kg.ha), 28942.2(Kg.ha), 6.97(%),1.94 Spad) had no significant difference with C0M0,C0M2,C1M2. Therefore, it is recommended to use foliar application of BA with a concentration of 200 ppm in case of cut irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Determination of oxidative stress indicator in dairy cattle with subclinical mastitis
ام البنین GHasemian karik SH Safi The most important and common disease among dairy cows is mastitis and it is still a big challenge for the dairy industry all over the world.Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS) is a major cause of different diseases especially mastitis in ca More The most important and common disease among dairy cows is mastitis and it is still a big challenge for the dairy industry all over the world.Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species(ROS) is a major cause of different diseases especially mastitis in cattle.there are few studies on the role of ROS in occurrence of subclinical mastitis.the objective of the persent study was to evaluate the changes in plasma malondialdehyde concentrations as a marker of lipid peroxidation of red blood cells and its relationship with somatic cell count(SCC) in milk as the marker of mammary inflammation in cattle.Heparinized blood and milk samples were collected from 45 healthy cows and 45 cows with subclinical mastitis from dairy farms in Tehran province,Iran.No significant difference (p>0.05) was seen between concentrations of malondialdehyde in the studied groups.there was a significant difference (p<0.001) between SCCs in the healthy cows with subclinical mastitis.the concentration of plasma malondialdehyde was higher in cows with subclinical mastitis which indicates mild increase in production of ROS in response to invading pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Changes of somatic cell count, somatic cell score and total bacterial count of raw milk in a dairy herd of Khuzestan province
مهرداد Yadegari پیروز Babamiri sh Nejat M.R Afshar zadeh Bulk milk somatic cell count(SCC), somatic cell score(SCS) and total bacterial count (TBC)are the most important milk health parameters.the aim of this study was to investigate SCC,SCS and TBC in a dairy herd of Khuzestan province.a general linear model(GL More Bulk milk somatic cell count(SCC), somatic cell score(SCS) and total bacterial count (TBC)are the most important milk health parameters.the aim of this study was to investigate SCC,SCS and TBC in a dairy herd of Khuzestan province.a general linear model(GLM) procedure was used for analyzing of data.the result showed effects of year and month are significant on variation of SCC,SCS, and TBC.the highest and lowest SCC and SCS were observed in September and January respectively and the highest and lowest TBC was observed in January and May.the result showed SCC,SCS and TBC increased significantly over time,and it implies the quality of milk decreased in mentioned years.it seems to control this upward movement applying new policies is necessary.in addition,high total bacterial count showed pasteurization is necessary to produce more healthy milk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Good and Evil in Mazdiyasnian's creed
Rafat HajizadehAryanians believe in good and evil since a long time ago. Evil versus godly. Aryanians attribute rain, brightness etc ... to goodness and godly and darkness, drought and such, to the evils. Therefore good spirits which protect brightne'>S, heat and life have alway MoreAryanians believe in good and evil since a long time ago. Evil versus godly. Aryanians attribute rain, brightness etc ... to goodness and godly and darkness, drought and such, to the evils. Therefore good spirits which protect brightne'>S, heat and life have always been in challenge with bad spirits like darkness and drought. Their battles take place between the earth and the sky. the belief of "Dualism" has been existed amongst the Iranians and Indian- Iranian Aryanians for long before Zaratousht. But Zaratousht had a unique approach in citing his theories. His doualism theory has monotheism basis behind it. However good and evil are not different individuals both have been created by Auramazda Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Comparison of physical symptoms in people with low and high psychological distress Patients Disease
Shahram Vaziri Shoan Shaydayi Aghdam Laya No0bakht Mansoureh Khalili Yashar Vaziri Roya Masumi Arash VaziriPsychological distress may be deemed as a type of abnormality that is responsible for maladaptive thinking and behavior, and requires specialized intervention. In such conditions, the passion of life is reduced, and feeling of heartbreaking and disappointment is convert MorePsychological distress may be deemed as a type of abnormality that is responsible for maladaptive thinking and behavior, and requires specialized intervention. In such conditions, the passion of life is reduced, and feeling of heartbreaking and disappointment is converted to a dominant governance. This research aims to compare the somatization syndrome in people with low and high psychological distress. For this purpose, in a cross-sectional research, thousands of the parents of students of Roudehen Branch were selected and assessed in terms of distress and somatization syndrome. Later, 28% of the highest and lowest distress scores were compared singly and as group with high and low distress with regards to somatization elements. The results of one-way analysis of variance indicated that two groups have significant difference with each other in somatization and its elements (physical pain, backache, pain in hands and arms, headache, chest pain, confusion, fainting, heartbeat, panting, pain or problem during sexual relationship, constipation, diarrhea, loose bowel, nausea, bloating, dyspepsia, fatigue and low energy, sleep problems). The findings demonstrate the high distress of patients infected with psychosomatic problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Psychosomatic medicine: The art of coping and salutogenesis
Farzad GoliAlthough the term psychosomatic is used in a wide range of contexts – from media to clinics – no exact definition of the term exists that even practitioners and experts of different schools in this domain agreed on. This may be due to its intertidisciplinary MoreAlthough the term psychosomatic is used in a wide range of contexts – from media to clinics – no exact definition of the term exists that even practitioners and experts of different schools in this domain agreed on. This may be due to its intertidisciplinary, multisystemic, and evolutionary nature. Psychosomatic medicine is an approach to health which deals with the beliefs, narratives, relations, and behaviors formed around a disorder as well as the effects of them on the disorder, structure, and function of the body. This approach seeks for leading the material-energetic-symbolic-reflective flow of signs in order to activate the salutogenesis vs. pathogenesis, and promote adaptive coping of the organisms with the disease. As such it can be regarded not exclusively as a specialty but as an approach which integrates different specialties of the medicine, connect the two lifeworlds of patient and client with the medical system, and bring about mind-body coordination through the use of different modalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Investigating the antimicrobial effects of encapsulated Nisin on the growth and binding ability of Streptococcus mutans
Zahra HeidariNisin is an antimicrobial peptide composed of 34 amino acid residues. Due to the presence of lanthionine amino acids, it is classified as a lantibiotics and demonstrates effectiveness against numerous pathogenic microorganisms. Although its effectiveness is greatly redu MoreNisin is an antimicrobial peptide composed of 34 amino acid residues. Due to the presence of lanthionine amino acids, it is classified as a lantibiotics and demonstrates effectiveness against numerous pathogenic microorganisms. Although its effectiveness is greatly reduced in various clinical and environmental settings due to its reaction with other compounds. New methods may be able to solve this problem in microcapsules and control their release. The use of fluoride in toothpaste helps control factors that contribute to tooth decay, one of the most common diseases that humans face in their lifetime. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of free and encapsulated nisin on Streptococcus mutans and its growth kinetics. Nisin was encapsulated in lecithin and alginate liposomes using the thin-layer hydration method. The size and distribution of nisin microliposomes were determined using scanning electron microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nisin microliposomes and free nisin on S. mutans at various concentrations ranging from 0.78 to 25 μg/ml. To investigate the growth kinetics, the growth rate or inhibition of S. mutans was studied by exposing it to concentrations equivalent to the MIC over a 50-hour period at a wavelength of 600 nm. The study compared the effects of nisin and nisin microcapsules to those of the antibiotics amoxicillin and penicillin. Microencapsulated nisin reduced the growth of planktonic strains of S. mutans more effectively than free nisin. Nisin microliposomes at a concentration of 6.25 μg/ml inhibited the growth of S. mutans, whereas the inhibitory effects of free nisin were observed at a concentration of 12.5 μg/ml in both clinical and standard strains. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the production of lactic acid by S. mutans. Based on the current findings regarding the inhibitory effects and durability of nisin micro encapsules, it is plausible that this compound could be utilized in combination with other methods to control tooth decay and enhance the anti-caries efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Families of Fuzzy Sets and Lattice Isomorphisms Preparation
John Mordeson Sunil MathewIn this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessa MoreIn this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessarily be carried over using these isomorphisms. We illustrate this using techniques from the study of human trafficking and its analysis using mathematics of uncertainty. We also consider the new definition of fuzzy set provided by Trillas and de Soto. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Differentiative assessment between Satureja avromanica and Satureja edmondi using cytogenetic and phytochemical traits
Mahdiyeh Salehi Vozhdehnazari Samaneh SamavatConsidering the similarity of morphology and properties of different populations of savory (Satureja spp.), the separation of its species from each other requires additional and more detailed studies. Accordingly, S. avromanica and S. edmondi, two endemic species of Ira MoreConsidering the similarity of morphology and properties of different populations of savory (Satureja spp.), the separation of its species from each other requires additional and more detailed studies. Accordingly, S. avromanica and S. edmondi, two endemic species of Iran, were studied for their karyotypic and phytochemical characteristics. For cytogenetic studies, several traits such as total chromosome length (TL), long-arm length (LA), short-arm length (SA), centromeric index (CI), overall chromosome shape (%TF), relative length difference (DRL), intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1), interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2), dispersion index (DI), and karyotypic formula (KF) were measured and calculated for populations 48 and 55 from Edmondi savory and 63 and 67 from Oramani savory. Based on the results, the basic chromosomal numbers in Oramani and Edmondi populations were x=12 (2n=2x=24) and x=15 (2n=2x=30), respectively. In cluster analysis based on complete linkage method, populations 63 and 67 were located in one cluster, however, 48 and 55 were placed in another cluster. Furthermore, the populations of the two species had statistically significant differences with each other for all the karyotypic traits (P<0.01). Based on GC-MS analysis, 21 and 25 different compounds were detected in Edmondi and Oramani savory essential oils (EOs), respectively. The main compounds in the EO of Oramani savory were piperitone (19%) and piperitenone (26.3%), while the main components in Edmondi savory EO were p-cymene (63.2%), thymol (5.7%), and γ-terpinene (8.8%). The highest (1.36%) and lowest (0.42%) EO yields were calculated for populations Oramani 63 and Edmondi 48, respectively. Therefore, these two mentioned species are considered as independent and distinct species from each other. Additionally, conducting additional studies to investigate the genetic diversity of these two species by different molecular markers can be important in confirming the present results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The effectiveness of Behavioral Activation on mental rumination, emotion regulation and psychological symptoms in female patients with high blood pressure in the health care industry of the northwestern oil industry
Alireza Agdamibaher ali khademiResearch has shown that hypertension is a medical condition which adversely affects the patients’ psychological charecteristics. Furthermore, the relevant studies have indicated that behavioral activation may have a beneficial impact on the psychological well-being of p MoreResearch has shown that hypertension is a medical condition which adversely affects the patients’ psychological charecteristics. Furthermore, the relevant studies have indicated that behavioral activation may have a beneficial impact on the psychological well-being of patiens who suffer from different medical conditions. Notwithstanding, there is a lack of research on the effect of this approach on the psychological charecteristics of hypertensive patients.The present study strived to determine the effect of behavioral activation on hypertensive patienst’ mental rumination, emotion regulation, and psychosomatic symptoms.This study adopted a pretest-tretament-posttest quasi-experimental design to attain its objectives. More specifically, first, the researchers selected a sample of 30 hypetensive female patiennts from among the female patients who referred to Petroleum Industry Health Organization in Tabriz (Iran). Second, they randomly assigned the participants to an experimental group and a control group.Third, they administered Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), Psychosomatic Complaints Scale (Tanaka & Sakata, 2004), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) to the groups of the study as pretests. Fourth, the researchers provided the experimental group with behavioral activation treatment during 10 sessions. Fifth, they administered the relevant questionnaires of the study to the groups anew as posttests. Finally, they performed the data analysis using SPSS 23. Based on the results, behavioral activation significantly reduced hypertensive patients’ mental rumination, alleviated their psychosomatic symptoms, and improved their emotion regulation (p<0.05). It was concluded that behavioral activation can be used to improve the psychological well-being of female hypertensive patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Effects of plant distance and tuber size on yield and yield component of potato varieties
Varahram RashidiIn order to study the effect ofplant distance and tuber size on yield and yield components of potato varieties, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design, at research station of Islamic Azad university, Tabriz branch during 2003-2004 MoreIn order to study the effect ofplant distance and tuber size on yield and yield components of potato varieties, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design, at research station of Islamic Azad university, Tabriz branch during 2003-2004. Factors were variety in two levels, seed distance on planting rows in two levels and four levels of tuber size. Results of two year combined analysis showed that three way interaction of "year*variety*plant distance" for main stem numbers trait was significant, expressing different response of variety and plant distance upon mentioned trait in two years. Also interaction of year*variety, year*plant distance and year*tuber size for yield was significant, that represented different response of varieties for yield and different impressibility of yield by plant distance and tuber size during two years. Results revealed that Mourn was superior to Cosmos variety in most studied traits. Plant distance of 20 cm on implant rows increased yield and main stem numbers and 25 cm planting distance was impressible for production of less small and more moderate and large tubers. Tuber size of 35-55 mm was the best size in all studied traits. Overally, the results showed that treatment compound of Mourn variety, 20 cm seed distance and 35-55 mm tuber size was the best treatment. However, while the farmers have to cut tuber, the treatment compound of Mourn variety, 20 cm seed distance and oversize of 55 mm tuber was the most desirable treatment. According to different responses of potato varieties to plant distance and tuber size, incorporation of variety, plant density and tuber size.should be regarded to obtain high yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Investigation on the genetic structure of Gnomonia leptostyla populations by PCR-RFLP in Azarbayejan-e-Sharqi, Iran
Siyamak Salahi Mohammad Javan Nikkhah Soleiman Jamshidi Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. et de Not., the teleomorph of Marssonina juglandis (Lib.) Magn., is the causal agent of the walnut anthracnose, a wide spread disease in almost all the walnut growing areas and causes severe damages particularly in the n More Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. et de Not., the teleomorph of Marssonina juglandis (Lib.) Magn., is the causal agent of the walnut anthracnose, a wide spread disease in almost all the walnut growing areas and causes severe damages particularly in the north of iran such as Kermanshah, Azarbayejan, Khorasan and Karaj regions. Sampling was conducted from several areas of Azarbayejan-e-Sharqi province during 2005-2006. 60 Fungus isolates were isolated from samples and cultured as streaked single spore on OMA. Molecular techniques based on PCR-RFLP applied to investigate the genetic variability of G. leptostyla.Total DNA was isolated from mycelial powder by rapid mini-preparation method. A region of 60 isolates coding for the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SrDNA-18s) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were amplified and analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion. The results of PCR-RFLP showed no polymorphism either in length or in pattern among all the isolates tested. Manuscript profile
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