Evaluation of the effect of local massage on milk production and udder immunity of dairy cows
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Ehsan Emamjome
1
(
DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
)
Kianoush Khashayar
2
(
DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
)
Saeed Azimpour
3
(
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.
)
majid fartashvand
4
(
Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
)
Hadi Pourtaghi
5
(
Assistant Professor, Department of pathobiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Iran.
)
Received: 2019-12-23
Accepted : 2020-11-22
Published : 2020-10-22
Keywords:
dairy cows,
immune system,
Mastitis,
massage,
Somatic cell,
Abstract :
Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is a common method of assessing the quality of milk produced and the status of mastitis. Massage improves the level of cellular immunity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage on udder immune system according to SCC and milk production. For this purpose, 14 high-producing cows aged about 3 years which had given birth three months ago were chosen. The cows were then divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group received udder massage twice a day for four weeks. During the investigation, weekly SCC was conducted. The rate of milk production was also recorded on day zero and in the sixth week which was the last week of massaging in the treatment group. The results indicated a dramatic and non-significant (p < /em>>0.05) increase of SCC and a significant decrease of milk production in the treatment group. There was no significant difference in SCC between the two groups except in the third week and no significant correlation was observed between milk production and SCC. But the difference in average milk production between the two groups at the end of the sixth week was significant (p < /em><0.05) in comparison to the first week. The results of the present study indicated that long-term massage is stressful and decreases the level of udder immunity and subsequent milk production.
References:
Anderson, L., Kynoch, K., Kildea, S. and Lee, N. (2019). Effectiveness of breast massage for the treatment of women with breastfeeding problems: a systematic review. JBI Database Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 17(8):1668-1694.
●Bruckmaier, R.M. (2003). Chronic oxytocin treatment causes reduced milk ejection in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research, 70(1): 123-126.
●Bruckmaier, R.M. and Blum, J.W. (1996). Simultaneous recording of oxytocin release, milk ejection and milk flow during milking of dairy cows with and without prestimulation. Journal of Dairy Research, 63(2): 201-208.
●Bruckmaier, R.M. and Blum, J.W. (1998). Oxytocin release and milk removal in ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(4): 939-949.
●Cha, E., Bar, D., Hertl, J.A., Tauer, L.W., Bennett, G., González, R.N., et al. (2011). The cost and management of different types of clinical mastitis in dairy cows estimated by dynamic programming. Dairy Science, 94(9): 4676-4487.
●Cinar, M., Serbester, U., Ceyhan, A. and Gorgulu, M., (2015). Effect of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition of first and second lactation dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(3646):105-108.
●De Vliegher, S., Fox, L.K., Piepers, S., McDougall, S. and Barkema, H.W. (2012). Mastitis in dairy heifers: Nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(3): 1025-1040.
●Deis, R.P. (1971). Inhibition of milk ejection by exogenous oxytocin in lactating rats. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 137(3): 1006-1012.
●El-Tahawy, A.S. and El-far, A.H. (2010). Influences of somatic cell count on milk composition and dairy farm profitability. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 63(3): 463-469.
●Fallah, M., Fartashvand, M., Kochakzadeh O.H. and Kaveh, A.A. (2017). Evaluation of cardiac injury biomarkers in cattle with acute clinical mastitis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 10(1): 53-60. [In Persian]
●Fetherston, C.M., Lee, C.S. and Hartmann, P.E. (2001). Mammary gland defense: the role of colostrum, milk and involution secretion. In: Advances in Nutritional Research: Immunological Properties of Milk. Woodward, B. and Drapper H.H. editors. USA: New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, Vol. 10, pp: 167-198.
●Field T. (2016). Massage therapy research review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 24: 19e31.
●Gasibat, Q. and Suwehil, W. (2017). Determining the Benefits of Massage Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Rehabilitation Sciences, 2(3): 58-67.
●Imandar, M., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Jamshidian, M. and Salehi, Z.T. (2019). Identification of Mycoplasma bovis in cows with clinical mastitis using culture and polymerase chain reaction based on 16SrRNA and uvrC genes. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 12(3): 261-272. [In Persian]
●John, B. (2011). Mastitis therapy and antimicrobial susceptibility: a multispecies review with a focus on antibiotic treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 16(4): 383-407.
●Kaskous, S. and Bruckmaier, R.M. (2011). Best combination of pre-stimulation and latency period duration before cluster attachment for efficient oxytocin release and milk ejection in cows with low to high udder-filling levels. Journal of Dairy Research, 78(1): 97-104.
●Katzung, B., Trevor, A. and Kruidering, M. (2014). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 13th ed., USA: McGraw Hill Education, pp: 656-657.
●Krasnov, I.N., Krasnova, A.Yu. and Miroshnikova, V.V. (2018). The roles of milking motives in cows' milk discharging, Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 12(1): 83-87.
●Leithner, G., Krifucks, O., Kiran, M. and Balaban, N. (2011). Vaccine development for the prevention of staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 142(1-2): 25-35.
●Mačuhová, J., Tančin, V. and Bruckmaier, R.M. (2004). Effects of oxytocin administration on oxytocin release and milk ejection. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(5): 1236-1244.
●Marangoni, F., Pellegrino, L., Verduci, E., Ghiselli, A., Bernabei, R., Calvani, R., et al. (2019). Cow’s milk consumption and health: a health professional’s guide. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 38(3): 197-208.
●Oliviera, L., Hulland, C. and Ruegg, P.L. (2013). Characterization of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on 50 large dairy herds in Wisconsin. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(12): 7538-7549.
●Polat, B., Colat, A., Cengiz, M., Yanmaz, L.E., Oral, H., Bastan, A., et al. (2010). Sensitivity and specificity on infrared thermography in detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(8): 2535-3532.
●Radostits, O.M. (2001). Herd Health: Food Animal Production Medicine. 3rd ed., Saunders Company, pp: 397-418.
●Shokohi, M., Ahmadizadeh, Ch. and Kaveh, A. (2018). Evaluation of bacterial causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle of Negine sabze Makoo agro-industrial and animal husbandry complex. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 11(4): 379-388. [In Persian]
●Sibaja, R.A. and Schmidt, G.H. (1975). Epinephrine inhibiting milk ejedion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 58(3): 344-348.
●Singh, M. and Ludri, R.S. (2001). Influence of stage of lactation, parity and season on somatic cell counts in cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 14(12): 1775-1780.
●Skrzypek, R., Wójtowski, J. and Fahr, R.D. (2004). Factors Affecting Somatic Cell Count in Cow Bulk Tank Milk- A Case Study from Poland. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine, 51(3): 127-31.
●Spaniol, J.S., Oltramari, C.E., Locatelli, M., Volpato, A., Campigotto, G., Stefani, L.M., et al. (2015). Influence of probiotic on somatic cell count in milk and immune system of dairy cows. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(3): 677-681.
●Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Johansson, B., Lupoli, B. and Svennersten-Sjaunja, K. (2001). Oxytocin facilitates behavioural, metabolic and physiological adaptations during lactation. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 72(3): 225-234.
●Watters, R.D., Bruckmaier, R.M., Crawford, H.M., Schuring, N., Schukken, Y.H. and Galton, D.M. (2015). The effect of manual and mechanical stimulation on oxytocin release and milking characteristics in Holstein cows milked 3 times daily. American Dairy Science Association. 98(3): 1721-1729.
●Watters, R.D., Schuring, N., Erb, H.N., Schukken, Y.H. and Galton, D.M. (2012). The effect of premilking udder preparation on Holstein cows milked 3 times daily. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(3): 1170-1176.
●Webster Marketon, J.I. and Glaser, R. (2008). Stress hormones and immune function. Cellular Immunology, 252(1-2): 16-26.
_||_Anderson, L., Kynoch, K., Kildea, S. and Lee, N. (2019). Effectiveness of breast massage for the treatment of women with breastfeeding problems: a systematic review. JBI Database Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 17(8):1668-1694.
●Bruckmaier, R.M. (2003). Chronic oxytocin treatment causes reduced milk ejection in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research, 70(1): 123-126.
●Bruckmaier, R.M. and Blum, J.W. (1996). Simultaneous recording of oxytocin release, milk ejection and milk flow during milking of dairy cows with and without prestimulation. Journal of Dairy Research, 63(2): 201-208.
●Bruckmaier, R.M. and Blum, J.W. (1998). Oxytocin release and milk removal in ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(4): 939-949.
●Cha, E., Bar, D., Hertl, J.A., Tauer, L.W., Bennett, G., González, R.N., et al. (2011). The cost and management of different types of clinical mastitis in dairy cows estimated by dynamic programming. Dairy Science, 94(9): 4676-4487.
●Cinar, M., Serbester, U., Ceyhan, A. and Gorgulu, M., (2015). Effect of somatic cell count on milk yield and composition of first and second lactation dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(3646):105-108.
●De Vliegher, S., Fox, L.K., Piepers, S., McDougall, S. and Barkema, H.W. (2012). Mastitis in dairy heifers: Nature of the disease, potential impact, prevention, and control. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(3): 1025-1040.
●Deis, R.P. (1971). Inhibition of milk ejection by exogenous oxytocin in lactating rats. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 137(3): 1006-1012.
●El-Tahawy, A.S. and El-far, A.H. (2010). Influences of somatic cell count on milk composition and dairy farm profitability. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 63(3): 463-469.
●Fallah, M., Fartashvand, M., Kochakzadeh O.H. and Kaveh, A.A. (2017). Evaluation of cardiac injury biomarkers in cattle with acute clinical mastitis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 10(1): 53-60. [In Persian]
●Fetherston, C.M., Lee, C.S. and Hartmann, P.E. (2001). Mammary gland defense: the role of colostrum, milk and involution secretion. In: Advances in Nutritional Research: Immunological Properties of Milk. Woodward, B. and Drapper H.H. editors. USA: New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, Vol. 10, pp: 167-198.
●Field T. (2016). Massage therapy research review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 24: 19e31.
●Gasibat, Q. and Suwehil, W. (2017). Determining the Benefits of Massage Mechanisms: A Review of Literature. Rehabilitation Sciences, 2(3): 58-67.
●Imandar, M., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Jamshidian, M. and Salehi, Z.T. (2019). Identification of Mycoplasma bovis in cows with clinical mastitis using culture and polymerase chain reaction based on 16SrRNA and uvrC genes. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 12(3): 261-272. [In Persian]
●John, B. (2011). Mastitis therapy and antimicrobial susceptibility: a multispecies review with a focus on antibiotic treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 16(4): 383-407.
●Kaskous, S. and Bruckmaier, R.M. (2011). Best combination of pre-stimulation and latency period duration before cluster attachment for efficient oxytocin release and milk ejection in cows with low to high udder-filling levels. Journal of Dairy Research, 78(1): 97-104.
●Katzung, B., Trevor, A. and Kruidering, M. (2014). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 13th ed., USA: McGraw Hill Education, pp: 656-657.
●Krasnov, I.N., Krasnova, A.Yu. and Miroshnikova, V.V. (2018). The roles of milking motives in cows' milk discharging, Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 12(1): 83-87.
●Leithner, G., Krifucks, O., Kiran, M. and Balaban, N. (2011). Vaccine development for the prevention of staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 142(1-2): 25-35.
●Mačuhová, J., Tančin, V. and Bruckmaier, R.M. (2004). Effects of oxytocin administration on oxytocin release and milk ejection. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(5): 1236-1244.
●Marangoni, F., Pellegrino, L., Verduci, E., Ghiselli, A., Bernabei, R., Calvani, R., et al. (2019). Cow’s milk consumption and health: a health professional’s guide. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 38(3): 197-208.
●Oliviera, L., Hulland, C. and Ruegg, P.L. (2013). Characterization of clinical mastitis occurring in cows on 50 large dairy herds in Wisconsin. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(12): 7538-7549.
●Polat, B., Colat, A., Cengiz, M., Yanmaz, L.E., Oral, H., Bastan, A., et al. (2010). Sensitivity and specificity on infrared thermography in detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(8): 2535-3532.
●Radostits, O.M. (2001). Herd Health: Food Animal Production Medicine. 3rd ed., Saunders Company, pp: 397-418.
●Shokohi, M., Ahmadizadeh, Ch. and Kaveh, A. (2018). Evaluation of bacterial causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle of Negine sabze Makoo agro-industrial and animal husbandry complex. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 11(4): 379-388. [In Persian]
●Sibaja, R.A. and Schmidt, G.H. (1975). Epinephrine inhibiting milk ejedion in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 58(3): 344-348.
●Singh, M. and Ludri, R.S. (2001). Influence of stage of lactation, parity and season on somatic cell counts in cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 14(12): 1775-1780.
●Skrzypek, R., Wójtowski, J. and Fahr, R.D. (2004). Factors Affecting Somatic Cell Count in Cow Bulk Tank Milk- A Case Study from Poland. Journal of Veterinary Medicine A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine, 51(3): 127-31.
●Spaniol, J.S., Oltramari, C.E., Locatelli, M., Volpato, A., Campigotto, G., Stefani, L.M., et al. (2015). Influence of probiotic on somatic cell count in milk and immune system of dairy cows. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(3): 677-681.
●Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Johansson, B., Lupoli, B. and Svennersten-Sjaunja, K. (2001). Oxytocin facilitates behavioural, metabolic and physiological adaptations during lactation. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 72(3): 225-234.
●Watters, R.D., Bruckmaier, R.M., Crawford, H.M., Schuring, N., Schukken, Y.H. and Galton, D.M. (2015). The effect of manual and mechanical stimulation on oxytocin release and milking characteristics in Holstein cows milked 3 times daily. American Dairy Science Association. 98(3): 1721-1729.
●Watters, R.D., Schuring, N., Erb, H.N., Schukken, Y.H. and Galton, D.M. (2012). The effect of premilking udder preparation on Holstein cows milked 3 times daily. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(3): 1170-1176.
●Webster Marketon, J.I. and Glaser, R. (2008). Stress hormones and immune function. Cellular Immunology, 252(1-2): 16-26.
