اعتبارسنجی ژنهای خانهدار جهت نرمال کردن Real Time PCR در سلولهای سوماتیکی تلیسهای شیری هلشتاین
Subject Areas : Camelم. محقق-دولتآبادی 1 , ح. حسینی-دولتآبادی 2 , ا. حیدری ارجلو 3 , ر. محمودی 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
3 - Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasouj University of Medical Science, Yasouj, Iran
4 - Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasouj University of Medical Science, Yasouj, Iran
Keywords: BestKeeper, تلیسههای شیری, سلولهای سوماتیکی شیر, ژن مرجع,
Abstract :
تکنیک Real time PCR مطمئنترین روش ارزیابی سطوح بیان mRNA میباشد. اگرچه، جهت به دست آوردن نتایج دقیق، انتخاب ژنهای مرجع مناسب جهت نرمال کردن دادههایReal time PCR ضروری است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی پایداری بیان 3 ژن پتانسیل مرجع (ACTB، GAPDH و UXT) در سلولهای سوماتیکی شیر تلیسههای شیری هلشتاین در شرایط متفاوت بود. برای این منظور، دو نوع نمونه شیر از 18 تلیسه شیری سالم در مراحل مختلف شیردهی و 4 تلیسه مبتلا به ورم پستان در این آزمایش در نظر گرفته شد. RNA کل از سلولهای سوماتیکی استخراج شد و سپس cDNA سنتز شد. واکنش Real time PCR برای ژنهای ACTB، GAPDHو UXT به عنوان ژنهای خانهدار کاندیدا انجام شد و نتایج توسط برنامه BestKeepe مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. ارزیابی ژنهای توسط Real time PCR نشان داد که همه ژن ها در تلیسه های شیری سالم و مبتلا به ورم پستان بیان شده بودند. علاوه بر این، ژنهای UXT و GAPDH به ترتیب دارای کمترین و بیشترین مقدار بیان بودند. ژن ACTB به عنوان مناسبترین کنترل داخلی در نظر گرفته شد و در سلولهای سوماتیکی صرف نظر از شرایط تلیسههای شیری دارای ثبات بیان بود. بر این اساس، نتایج مطالعه ما میتواند در انتخاب ژن مرجع مناسب برای نرمال کردن سطوح بیان در سلولهای سوماتیکی شیر تلیسههای شیری کمک کند.
Andersen C.L., Jensen J.L. and Orntoft T.F. (2004). Normalization of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data: a model-based variance estimation approach to identify genes suited for normalization, applied to bladder and colon cancer data sets. Cancer. Res. 64, 5245-5250.
Bai W.L., Yin R.H., Zhao S.J., Jiang W.Q., Yin R.L., Mas Z.J., Wang Z.Y., Zhu Y.B., Luo G.B., Yang R.J. and Zhao Z.H. (2014). Technical note: selection of suitable reference genes for studying gene expression in milk somatic cell of yak (Bos grunniens) during the lactation cycle. J. Dairy Sci. 97, 902-910.
Bionaz M. and Loor J. (2007). Identification of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in the bovine mammary gland during the lactation cycle. Physiol. Genomics. 29, 312-319.
Bonefeld B.E., Elfving B. and Wegener G. (2008). Reference genes for normalization: a study of rat brain tissue. Synapse. 62, 302-309.
Bonnet M., Bernard L., Bes S. and Leroux C. (2013). Selection of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR normalisation in adipose tissue, muscle, liver and mammary gland from ruminants. Animal. 7, 1344-1353.
Bougarn S., Cunha P., Gilbert F.B., Meurens F. and Rainard P. (2011). Technical note: validation of candidate reference genes for normalization of quantitative PCR in bovine mammary epithelial cells responding to inflammatory stimuli. J. Dairy Sci. 94, 2425-2430.
Brunner A.M., Yakovlev I.A. and Strauss S.H. (2004). Validating internal controls for quantitative plant gene expression studies. BMC Plant. Biol. 4, 14-21.
Bustin S.A. (2002). Quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR): trends and problems. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 29, 23-29.
Bustin S.A. and Nolan T. (2004). Pitfalls of quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. J. Biomol. Tech. 15, 155-166.
Derveaux S., Vandesompele J. and Hellemens J. (2010). How to do successful gene expression analysis using real-time PCR. Methods. 50, 227-230.
Devrim A.K., Sozmen M., Yigitarslan K., Sudagidan M., Kankavi O. and Atabay H.I. (2012). Assessment of TNF-alpha and leptin gene expression by RT-PCR in blood of cows with left abomasal displacement. Rev. Med. Vet. 163, 368-372.
Finot L., Marnet P.G. and Dessauge F. (2011). Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time PCR normalization: application in the caprine mammary gland. Small Rumin. Res. 95, 20-26.
Fleige S. and Pfaffl M.W. (2006). RNA integrity and the effect on the real-time qRT-PCR performance. Mol. Asp. Med. 7, 126-139.
Gachon C., Mingam A. and Charrier B. (2004). Real-time PCR: what relevance to plant studies? J. Exp. Bot. 55, 1445-1454.
Hunter T. and Garrels J.I. (1977). Characterization of themRNAs for alpha-, beta- and gammaactin. Cell. 12, 767-781.
Jarczak J., Kaba J. and Bagnicka E. (2014). The validation of housekeeping genes as a reference in quantitative real time PCR analysis: application in the milk somatic cells and frozen whole blood of goats infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus.Gene. 549, 280-285.
Jatav P., Sodhi M., Sharma A., Mann S., Kishore A., Shandilya U.K. and Kumar S. (2016). Identification of internal control genes in milk derived mammary epithelial cells during lactation cycle of Indian zebu cow. Anim. Sci. J. 87(3), 344-353.
Jedrzejczak M. and Szatkowska I. (2014). Bovine mammary epithelial cell cultures for the study of mammary gland functions. In vitro. Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 50, 389-398.
Kadegowda A.K.G., Bionaz M., Thering B.J., Piperova L.S., Erdman R.A. and Loor J.J. (2009). Identification of internal controls for quantitative PCR in mammary tissue of lactating cows receiving lipid supplements. J. Dairy Sci. 92(5), 2007-2019
Kishore A., Sodhi M., Khate K., Kapila N., Kumari P. and Mukesh M. (2013). Selection of stable reference genes in heat stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of tropically adapted Indian cattle and buffaloes. Mol. Cell. Probes. 27, 140-144.
Kizaki K., Shichijo-Kizaki A., Furusawa T., Takahashi T., Hosoe M. and Hashizume K. (2013). Differential neutrophil gene expression in early bovine pregnancy. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 11, 10.
Lee J.W., Bannerman D.D., Paape M.J., Huang M.K. and Zhao X. (2006). Characterization of cytokine expression in milk somatic cells during intramammary infections with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus by real-time PCR. Vet. Res. 37, 219-229.
Leutenegger C.M., Alluwaimi A.M., Smith W.L., Perani L. and Cullor J.S. (2000). Quantitation of bovine cytokine mRNA in milk cells of healthy cattle by real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 77, 275-287.
Liebe A. (1996). Interrelation between somatic cell counts and concentrations of growth factors, and mastitis in cows kept in different housing systems. Ph D. Thesis. Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Lisowski P., Pierzchala M., Goscik J., Pareek C.S. and Zwierzchowski L. (2008). Evaluation of reference genes for studies of gene expression in the bovine liver, kidney, pituitary, and thyroid. J. Appl. Genet. 49, 367-372.
Macabelli C.H., Ferreira R.M., Gimenes L.U., de Carvalho N.A.T., Soares J.G., Ayres H., Ferraz M.L., Watanabe Y.F., Sangalli J.R., Smith L.C., Baruselli P.S., Meirelles F.V. and Chiaratti M.R. (2014). Reference gene selection for gene expression analysis of oocytes collected from dairy cattle and buffaloes during winter and summer. PLoS One. 9, e93287.
Mahdipour M., Van Tol H.T., Stout T.A. and Roelen B.A. (2015). Validating reference microRNAs for normalizing qRT-PCR data in bovine oocytes and preimplantation embryos. BMC Dev. Boil. 15(1), 1-11.
Mehta D., Menke A. and Binder E.B. (2010). Gene expression studies in major depression. Curr. Psychiatry. Rep. 12, 135-144.
Modesto P., Peletto S., Pisoni G., Cremonesi P., Castiglioni B., Colussi M. Caramelli M., Bronzo V., Moroni P. and Acutis P.L. (2013). Evaluation of internal reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in somatic cells from goat milk. J. Dairy Sci. 96, 7932-7944.
Pfaffl M.W. (2001). A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids. Res. 29, e45.
Pfaffl M.W., Tichopad A., Prgomet C. and Neuvians T.P. (2004). Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity:BestKeeper-Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations. Biotechnol. Lett. 26, 509-515.
Saremi B., Sauerwein H., Danicke S. and Mielenz M. (2012). Technical note: identification of reference genes for gene expression studies in different bovine tissues focusing on different fat depots. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 3131-3138.
Skern R., Frost P. and Nilsen F. (2005). Relative transcript quantification by quantitative PCR: roughly right or precisely wrong? BMC Mol. Biol. 6, 10-18.
Vandesompele J., De Preter K., Pattyn F., Poppe B., Van Roy N., De Paepe A. and Speleman F. (2002). Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome. Biol. 3(7), 1-11
Varshney N., Mohanty A.K., Kumar S., Kaushik J.K., Dang A.K., Mukesh M., Mishra B.P., Kataria R., Kimothi S.P., Mukhopadhyay T.K., Malakar D., Prakash B.S., Grover S. and Batish V.K. (2012). Selection of suitable reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies in milk somatic cells of lactating cows (Bos indicus). J. Dairy Sci. 95, 2935-2945.
Verbeke J., Van Poucke M., Peelman L. and De Vliegher S. (2015). Differential expression of CXCR1 and commonly used reference genes in bovine milk somatic cells following experimental intramammary challenge. BMC Genet. 16(1), 1-9.
Yadav P., Singh D.D., Mukesh M., Kataria R.S., Yadav A., Mohanty A.K. and Mishra B.P. (2012). Identification of suitable housekeeping genes for expression analysis in mammary epithelial cells of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) during lactation cycle. Livest. Sci. 147, 72-76.