-
Open Access Article
1 - Reviewing methods of analysis and evaluation of seismic safety of arched concrete dams
Mohammadreza Fedai-Tehrani Elham YbarehpourArched concrete dams are three-dimensional structures that, in terms of their special shape resembling a huge shell, transfer the water pressure from the tank to their stone supports. Besides the forces of weight, hydrostatic pressure and thermal stresses, another signi MoreArched concrete dams are three-dimensional structures that, in terms of their special shape resembling a huge shell, transfer the water pressure from the tank to their stone supports. Besides the forces of weight, hydrostatic pressure and thermal stresses, another significant force that the dam's structural system must withstand is the dynamic forces generated by earthquakes. In such dams, there is a possibility of non-linear behavior due to the change in the location of the two faces of the contraction joints, cracking, corrosion, or non-linear behavior of the concrete of the dam body depending on the intensity of the earthquake. Dynamic analysis of time history, assuming that the dam body is an integrated structure with elastic behavior, usually leads to the creation of significant tensile arch stresses in the upper levels of the dam, which is not in accordance with reality. Since the arch dams are built as ridge blocks, due to the opening and closing of the contraction joints during the earthquake, the released tensile stresses and internal forces are redistributed from the arch performance mode to the ridge performance. As a result, by reducing the level of tensile stresses and energy consumption as a result of joint closure, the risk of concrete cracking and dam destruction is greatly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - "Social support in Kermanshah earthquake" Based on the lived experience of the female-headed households
Shayesteh Karamkhani Alieh ShekarbeygiSocial support is one of the important components of empowerment to solve the problems of the female-headed households in different life situations. the female-headed households are one of the socially vulnerable groups in natural disasters and how they deal with them h MoreSocial support is one of the important components of empowerment to solve the problems of the female-headed households in different life situations. the female-headed households are one of the socially vulnerable groups in natural disasters and how they deal with them has a lot to do with the components of empowerment. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of the female-headed households in social support in earthquakes.The methodology of qualitative research is the method of contextual theory. Data were collected by field method through theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with 15 the female-headed households in the eight earthquake-stricken areas of Kermanshah to the extent of theoretical saturation. In this study, in order to measure accuracy, the criterion of "reliability and reliability" and the technique of "triangulation" were used. From data analysis, 987 primary open source, 150 secondary concepts, 41 central categories and 8 final major categories including: "transient and cross-sectional", "personal supporters", "instrumental use", "hard life events", "loneliness" And fear "," feeling of abandonment and pessimism "," injustice and discrimination "," feeling of helplessness "and the central concept of" social support; perceived priority of life "were extracted. The results show" social support "as" priority ". "Perceived life" is interpreted by the participants, which if ignored, will have irreparable consequences. Have a great impact on their ability to deal with natural disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Explanation and Prediction of Earthquake: The Necessity of Simultaneous Application of Nomothetic and Idiographic Approaches
Mirhamid Hashemi Lashenlo Arash MousaviExplaining and predicting earthquakes has always been a human issue throughout history. Despite advances in seismology, the science has not yet been successful in efficiently predicting earthquakes, that is, in short time and space scales. Tectonic plate theory, as a su MoreExplaining and predicting earthquakes has always been a human issue throughout history. Despite advances in seismology, the science has not yet been successful in efficiently predicting earthquakes, that is, in short time and space scales. Tectonic plate theory, as a successful theory for explaining earthquakes in a “general” form, is compatible with both explanatory approaches in the philosophy of science, that is, argumentative and causal. However, to predict earthquakes efficiently and locally, we seem to need a different approach to this science. Wilhelm Windelband has made the distinction between the nomothetic sciences and idiographic sciences. This distinction has inspired empirical sciences such as medicine and psychology. In this paper, we show that in seismology, like medicine and psychology, to achieve effective forecasting, these two approaches can be used simultaneously, and we suggest, based on ethical interests and that seismology is a science that deals with the lives of millions of people. In addition to the nomothetic approach, it is necessary for experts in this field to use an idiographic approach so that they can predict the desired earthquake in a short time and place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Spatial analysis of earthquake hazard in Tehran province and its zoning by utilizing fuzzy and AHP methods
Giti Khoshamooz Mohammed GheibiEarthquake is a natural disaster which causes many problems. One action can be taken to reduce these problems is to use spatial analysis for the purpose of zoning its hazard and based on its results, planning and decision making can be done efficiently and effectively. MoreEarthquake is a natural disaster which causes many problems. One action can be taken to reduce these problems is to use spatial analysis for the purpose of zoning its hazard and based on its results, planning and decision making can be done efficiently and effectively. The importance of this issue is more in Tehran province because of containing the capital of our country and the accumulation of assets. Therefore, in this research, Tehran province was considered as the case study. In the next step, some criteria maps such as distance to fault lines, their density, the magnificence and depth of previous earthquakes, distance to them and topographic situation of our study area were produced. Then a linear fuzzy membership function was applied for each criterion. The AHP method was used to determine weight of them and finally they were overlaid with the help of the fuzzy sum method. Tehran province was classified into three classes of law, moderate and high hazard and for each county, the percentage area of each category was determined. It shows that 70 percent of Shemirant and about 50 percent of Tehran, Firozkoh and Damavand counties were located in areas with high hazard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Natural constraints of the development of the city of Lar (southern Fars province)
M.R ServatiThe city of Lar is the largest settlement of Laristan. At an elevation of 915 m a.s.l., it islocated on the Dasht-e-Lar piedmont plainwithin the folded Zagros Mts. The ancientcity oofLar is situated in the northwestern part of the dasht. The new city, which wasrebuilt a MoreThe city of Lar is the largest settlement of Laristan. At an elevation of 915 m a.s.l., it islocated on the Dasht-e-Lar piedmont plainwithin the folded Zagros Mts. The ancientcity oofLar is situated in the northwestern part of the dasht. The new city, which wasrebuilt after the devastating earthquake if 1339 (1960) is situated on the Tang-e-Asadalluvial fan in the southern part of the plain. Up to 1339 there had not even been asingle dwelling at this place. By now not only the Tan-e-Asad alluvial fan has beencompletely taken over by urban land use. Housing activity has also continued towardsthe mountain, where the valley floor is very narrow and where there is a considerableflood hazard.These two cities grow north- and southward, respectively, and are likely to joinin the near future. The long-term natural limiting factors of urban development are themountains to the north and south of the 6 km wide Dasht-e-Lar.Earthquakes always have to be reckoned with, making it an obligation to construct allbuildings in an earthquake-resistant way. The warm and dry climate with very hotsummers and the water deficit for drinking and other purposes is the principal andoldest problem of the city. The prolonged drought of the last years has increased thewater problem. Due to the salt domes in the Lar area, the surface and ground watersfrom the Mishan and Gachsaran formation and the local marlstones are mainly saltyand alkaline.Against these natural constraints are set a relatively high urbanization culture,especially with respect to public participation and considerable public help for the cityas a whole.This paper has made use of the conventional research methods of geography,primarily based on repeated field trips to Larestan. The urban planners should becomeaware of the environmental realities of the Lar region and should follow a line ofdevelopment that should provide the same opportunities for everybody. In theirrelationship with the environment they should prefer the ecocentric to theanthropocentric approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Earthquake Crisis Management in Tehran Metropolis
Taghi kazemitariTehran city, with regard to urban making standards and geographical definitions, isidentified as a metropolis and the issue which constantly comes up in this city, isearthquake crisis management. And the main question is that whether the structure ofexisting organizatio MoreTehran city, with regard to urban making standards and geographical definitions, isidentified as a metropolis and the issue which constantly comes up in this city, isearthquake crisis management. And the main question is that whether the structure ofexisting organizations for managing the quake crisis is responsible?In this article it has been tried, to explaning crisis and crisis management, Tehransituation and quake risks, vulnerability and quake consequences and prediction offuture in Tehran. It is identified that this organism is not responsible for crisismanagement in Tehran metropolis, because the existence of 24 issues and challengestoward the management of quake crisis in Tehran. They are identified by interviewwith experts and managers and eventually to remove them and create the qualifiedmanagement, the12 items suggestions are recommended, the most important of that is:To establish an integrated urban management in a way that all sources of power,including public forces, civilian police and military forces, public institutions undermunicipality and popular institutes to be responsible before the head of crisisheadquarters(e.g. Tehran mayor), in fact, structural and legal problems to be resolvedand the powers of crisis manager to be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of Physical Resilience of Social Housing against Earthquake Using Non-Structural Fuzzy Decision Support System (NSFDSS) Technique(Case Study: Zanjan's Mehr Housing)
Mandana Kamali Manouchehr Tabibian Masoud ElahiIntroduction & Objective: Housing, as one of the basic needs of every human being, has always been one of the most important priorities of governments. In Iran, in recent years, in order to provide housing for the low-income groups, the government has adopted a poli MoreIntroduction & Objective: Housing, as one of the basic needs of every human being, has always been one of the most important priorities of governments. In Iran, in recent years, in order to provide housing for the low-income groups, the government has adopted a policy of Mehrhousing and a national housing action plan. Regarding its geographical and geological condition, Iran is highly vulnerable to natural disasters among which earthquakes happen more frequently and are of more significance. On the other hand the rapid growth of urbanization along with other factors has sounded the alarm of an earthquake crisis. Studies have illustrated that crisis management planning is mostly performed during and after the crisis and less attention is paid to the pre-crisis conditions. Therefor it is necessary to study pre-crisis resilience in social housing. In this descriptive-analytical study, with the aim of evaluating the neighborhoods consisting of Mehrhousing in terms of physical resilience against earthquakes, all indicators have been identified and studied with the help of content analysis not only to identify their strengths and weaknesses, but also to provide a guidance for national housing action plans. Method: in order to reach this study's goals information needed has been collected through documentary and field methods. The extracted criteria and indicators were prioritized and weighted by non-structural fuzzy decision support system and finally superimposed with the help of weighted criteria maps GIS to obtain a physical resilience map. Findings: The results show that neighborhoods consisting of Mehrsocialhousing have low physical resilience due to their physical components weakness; hence despite being new and pre-planned, they are more vulnerable. Conclusion: The results show that neighborhoods consisting of Mehrsocialhousing have low physical resilience due to weaknesses in their physical components and despite being new and planned, they are more vulnerable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A survey of Gologicakl Factotes and Effective on Human Community(Case study: Varzaghan)
mohammad reza zandmoghadamIntroduction and Aim: The role and importance of geological factors in the studies and planning of land use and planning today has a special position and importance, therefore, in this research, the characteristics of geological factors and their effect on the human set MoreIntroduction and Aim: The role and importance of geological factors in the studies and planning of land use and planning today has a special position and importance, therefore, in this research, the characteristics of geological factors and their effect on the human settlements of the entire Varzeghan city are investigated. which is considered as the main goal of the current research, has been discussed. Method: The statistical population of this research was made up of 60 geological experts. Since the statistical population in this research is limited, sampling is done using the full enumeration method and the entire statistical population is considered as a statistical sample. In the literature section of the research, the necessary materials were collected using books and other information banks, and in the statistical section, the results obtained with the exploratory method of a questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale were collected. Findings: Then, by using geographic information software (GIS) and also by using geological maps and faults of Varzeghan region and city, the zoning of risks and geological phenomena has been done. Conclusion: Finally, the vulnerability of settlements to geological phenomena has been qualitatively investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Risk Management Futures Research in Cities with Emphasis on Earthquake Risk Vulnerability
hassan noruzi bakhtiar ezatpanah reza valizadehIntroduction & Objective: The strategic importance of the city of Tabriz on the one hand and its high seismicity on the other hand, is the reason for paying attention to this research. The view that has existed so far in accident management and urban management has MoreIntroduction & Objective: The strategic importance of the city of Tabriz on the one hand and its high seismicity on the other hand, is the reason for paying attention to this research. The view that has existed so far in accident management and urban management has been more of a confrontational view and risk reduction. The purpose of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Tabriz metropolitan zone 8 in earthquake threat. Method: First, the most important studies conducted on futures studies and urban planning and design with regard to natural disasters and special studies in Tabriz were reviewed. Then the components and dimensions of urban vulnerability are prepared and then using the view of experts with Delphi method and also comparative studies, dimensions and final components are prepared and by analyzing questionnaires and conducting necessary studies and calculations the vulnerability of Tabriz metropolis in dimensions And various components were evaluated. Finally, while evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, the future strategies of Tabriz metropolitan area 8 were presented by swot method. Findings: Considering that the results of research suggest the exploitation and promotion of strengths and the optimal and maximum use of opportunities, so with this strategy, the current situation of the study area is acceptable, but we should not ignore the weaknesses and threats and Crisis and time management limited the occurrence of earthquakes. Rather, it expresses the need for optimal and optimal long-term research and planning. Conclusion: This study focuses on attracting and making optimal use of dynamic economy and appropriate employment, as well as investors in the field of tourism in the historical context, as well as benefiting from traditional religious, cultural and ideological identity in attracting stakeholders in the region to strengthen health and residential infrastructure. - Emphasizes welfare, resilience, education and culture in order to reduce vulnerability and improve the resilience of the region during an earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Application of Era-Based Cellular Planning for Crisis Management of Earthquake in Tehran with Emphasis on Scenario Planning
mohadeseh Azimi A. A. Pourezzat آرین Gholipour A. A. SaadabadiTehran including earthquake-prone cities in the world those Seismic scientists have repeatedly warned about the earthquake in it. Recently, scientists have considered scenario planning and comprehensive programs for disaster. Therefore, era-based cellular planning (ECP) MoreTehran including earthquake-prone cities in the world those Seismic scientists have repeatedly warned about the earthquake in it. Recently, scientists have considered scenario planning and comprehensive programs for disaster. Therefore, era-based cellular planning (ECP) which has many scenarios to confront with probability future is suggested. For investigating the possibility of using this planning was interviewed with ten experts at universities and related organizations and used thematic technique for analysis data. 6 themes- how to scenario planning, relations between scenarios, step by step scenario planning and the most important scenarios for each phase - has finally been found. Paying attention to knowledge of scenario planning based on ECP's characteristics such as dividing scenarios to sub-scenarios, creating synergetic relations between sub-scenarios and consideration to era of each scenario is the innovation of research which shows that scenario planning is possible and it is necessary for studying in infrastructures to create better crisis management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Analysis on effective components in reducing the vulnerability of informal settlements against earthquakes Case study: Farahzad neighborhood Tehran Metropolitan Area 2
سروش لطفی mahmod rahimiIntroduction & Objective: Urban settlements have become more complex, and, consequently, instability has increased in these settlements. In this regard, the urban community, especially in its contemporary and modern forms, has been exposed constantly to a wide varie MoreIntroduction & Objective: Urban settlements have become more complex, and, consequently, instability has increased in these settlements. In this regard, the urban community, especially in its contemporary and modern forms, has been exposed constantly to a wide variety of threats. Much of the damage caused by these hazards, more than the result of unexpected events, is a predictable result of the interaction of three major systems: the physical environment (including hazards), social and demographic characteristics, and moreover the mechanism is the management and planning system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability of Farahzad neighborhood and identify the effective factors on it. Farahzad neighborhood due to the non-chemical and erosive texture and the location near the Laser land fault in the event of an earthquake, the damage caused by it will be doubled. Method: In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytical method and has developed a comprehensive index and application of the AHP model in ArcGIS environment to analyze the vulnerability of Farahzad neighborhood. Also, the questionnaire was distributed among the residents of the neighborhood. The sample size is selected using the Cochran formula according to the neighborhood population. Thus, according to the population of 5931, 357 people have been selected as the sample size. Pearson and regression tests were used to analyze the questionnaire. Findings:The findings show that the quality of the building is the most important factor in reducing vulnerability to possible earthquakes. It was also found that Farahzad neighborhood is not in desirable position as a vulnerability, with 28% having high vulnerability and 13% high vulnerability. Finally, for analyzing the effective components of vulnerability reduction, the questionnaire was evaluated and analyzed by Pearson test and multivariate regression. The results of the test analysis indicate that the physical-environmental index in the first place, and then the institutional-management index, are an effective factor in reducing vulnerability. Conclusion:The existence of major weaknesses in the physical structure of the neighborhood, especially its passageways, has caused the region to be more vulnerable to crises during the crisis. In terms of institutional management, this neighborhood also has a lot of challenges. The necessity of paying attention to the crisis management agent is related to the management factors, so that the implementation of educational maneuvers and monitoring of construction can reduce the vulnerability of the neighborhood seriously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Reduction of Turbulence Reduction in Water Tanks with Vertical and Horizontal Walls Using Ansys Numerical Model
Ali Nomiri Amir Khosrojerdi Ali SaremiBackground and Aim: Tanks structures must maintain their applications after large earthquakes, and on the other hand, these structures must behave in a way that does not cause damage during an earthquake. Therefore, the application of the baffles is one of the suitable MoreBackground and Aim: Tanks structures must maintain their applications after large earthquakes, and on the other hand, these structures must behave in a way that does not cause damage during an earthquake. Therefore, the application of the baffles is one of the suitable methods to tackle with earthquake inertial forces. The main idea in baffle systems is to reduce the frequency of the structure and bring it to a value less than the frequencies containing the dominant earthquake energy. Baffles installed inside water tanks can reduce a significant amount of earthquake acceleration in the body and crest of the tank during an earthquake.Method: In order to investigate the effects of the vertical and horizontal plates adjusted through the reservoir tanks, the flow characteristics were simulated by employing the CFD (Ansys Fluent). Two vertical and horizontal plate were designed for this purpose. To decreasing the error of mesh sizes, the different mesh sizes with different types of the meshes were employed and the results of the simulation were compared together to find out the suitable mesh geometry. Moreover, to validate the numerical model, the height of the water waves was compared by the past literature to make sure of the suitable numerical model. Thus, by increasing the earthquake accelerin in the numerical model, the flow properties were investigated according to the different conditions of the numerical modeling.. Displacement and shear stress at the top of the tanks were measured through the numerical models due to different tests condition in controlled and uncontrolled statuses. Furthermore, the conducted acceleration through the tank liquid was measured over the time for different numerical models. Some hydraulic parameters were considered for comparison through the discussion section such as water surface elevation so these parameters were extracted from the numerical results by the software advices. Results: The comparison between numerical results and past studies indicated that the presented numerical model has acceptable error and the elevation of the water waves through the tanks has good agreement with experimental pasts models through the literatures. Furthermore, the results of the mesh analysis showed that the error of the square mesh is approximately 11.2 percent compared to the triangular shape. As a result, the squire mesh with less sizes were considered to solve the flow’s equation through the numerical model. The initial results of the vertical and horizontal baffles illustrated that presence of the baffles can significantly reduce the fluctuation of the displacement, shear stress and liquid acceleration over the time. And the agitations of tests function over the time were tended to the less values compared by the initial time. The results indicate that equipping the tanks with baffle systems has a good performance on safety and improving the dynamic behavior of the tanks and this approach has a significant effect on the displacement and acceleration responses of the studied tank. Tanks with vertical baffles will perform better due to higher energy absorption. Also, as the water depth in the reservoir increases, the amount of energy dissipation for the reservoirs were decreased.Conclusion: The results of the numerical model calibrated with experimental data showed that the tank equipped with the vertical baffle produces more control force and damping than the horizontal baffle and has a better performance than the horizontal walls, furthermore, they reduce the pressure on the wall. Also, the results indicate that equipping the tanks with baffle systems can increase the safety through the tanks and improving the dynamic behavior of the tanks. Finally, the tanks with vertical baffles had better perform to absorption of the energy. Also, as the water depth in the reservoir increases, the amount of energy dissipation for the reservoirs were decreased. Comparison over the time among the extracted data from numerical model showed that due to passed time, the fluctuation of the investigated parameters such as displacement and shear stress of the top of the tank attained less values which can show that the controlled tank has much stability along the earthquakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Spatial Analysis of Safe Areas Based of Earthquake Risk Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Fuzzy Logic: (The Case Study on District 20 of Tehran)
Ali Hosseini Sayed Amir Fatahiyan Javad MalakanBackground and purpose: Due to vicinity to several active faults, Tehran is treated by earthquake occurrence. The district 20 of Tehran (Rey City), where is situated in north part of central Iran, has been found as the most dangerous district which has the most blighted MoreBackground and purpose: Due to vicinity to several active faults, Tehran is treated by earthquake occurrence. The district 20 of Tehran (Rey City), where is situated in north part of central Iran, has been found as the most dangerous district which has the most blighted areas too. Assessment of earthquake risk and recognize safe and secure regions in district 20 of Tehran is this study’s purpose. Methodology: The study is an applied research model. So in this goal oriented research which has been done by descriptive analytic method, GIS and fuzzy logic and multi-criteria decision-making methods were used. The criteria which are been used in this study have been extracted based on the Delphi method and through snowball technique and based on district’s situation. Results: According to results, the district 20, has achieved a scores of 0.17 to 0.58 out of a fuzzy total score (1 score).It shows its moderate level of safety against prop gable earthquake. In contrast with the main parts of district, there are some regions in the western, southwestern and northern parts of mentioned district where are almost safer and more secure. Discussion and conclusion: Because of various faults and urban blight areas, the district 20 of Tehran is treated seriously by earthquakes. It is really vital to take some actions to implement some essential and fundamental proceedings in order to reduce the probable damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Legal Research on Validity of Centralization and Natural Dangers in Tehran
mohammad zereshgi seyyed Mohammad HashemiTehran metropolis for many reasons including location type, inadequate physical development, lack of observance of balanced development and alignment of land, failure to observe the precautionary principle in environmental issues as a preventive principal, and ... alway MoreTehran metropolis for many reasons including location type, inadequate physical development, lack of observance of balanced development and alignment of land, failure to observe the precautionary principle in environmental issues as a preventive principal, and ... always subject to the risks of natural hazards The population density is the main cause of existential and environmental problems in Tehran.Including threats that threaten Tehran, impending earthquakes and environmental problems. of course, with the possible earthquake in Tehran, and despite the population density in the capital, which is 19 times the national average, the damage rate and casualties resulting from it can lead to a human disaster. Therefore, the application of legal principles can be an effective solution for the most The above-described problems. By implementing the existing laws on the topic of de localisation of Tehran, including: (balanced development and land testing in the framework of the principle of equality, the implementation of e-government in the framework of the principle of compliance, the reduction of government in the light of paragraph 10 of the third principle of the Constitution, the realization of welfare state means Real in the framework of the principle of legitimate expectation, serious efforts to reduce the damage caused by possible earthquakes and environmental problems in Tehran in the light of the application of the precautionary principle, etc.) can greatly overcome the major problems of this city.In the present study, we intend to provide a legal perspective to provide solutions to reduce the potential damage caused by these natural hazards.The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - 6
غلامرضا جاهد خانیکی امیرحسین محوی -
Open Access Article
16 - Developing a strategic model for earthquake crisis management, targeting to minimize economic vulnerability; case study on district 22 of Tehran
Mehdi Ghadami Iran Ghaziحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در Moreحوادث غیرمترقبه ازجمله مسائلی هستند که گریبانگیر دولتها و ملتها شده، تلفات جانی و خسارات اقتصادی فراوانی بر آنها تحمیل مینمایند. در این مقاله، با رویکردی زیربنایی و نرم به رسالت مهندسی زلزله، نسبت به طراحی الگویی راهبردی برای مدیریت بحران زلزله اقدام گردیده است. در این راستا، از روش تحقیق آمیخته (ترکیبی از روشهای کمّی و کیفی) بهرهگیری شده و ضمن اخذ آراء خبرگان حوزههای مهندسی زلزله و مدیریت بحران، متغیرهای کمّی و کیفی اثرگذار بر میزان آسیبپذیری لرزهای پهنهها، شناسایی و تحلیل گردیدهاند، بهنحویکه متغیرهای دارای ماهیت کمّی و سنجهپذیر، در قالب مدل ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای، بررسی گردیده و سایر عوامل راهبردی اثرگذار که دارای ماهیت کیفی میباشند نیز با بکارگیری تکنیک تحلیل راهبردی سوآت، ارزیابی شدهاند. در بخش کیفی پژوهش، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا، چارچوب مفهومی الگو و نیز معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای استخراج شدهاند. در بخش کمّی پژوهش نیز با بهرهگیری از تکنیکهای آماری ازجمله آزمون همبستگی، الگوی موردنظر برازش گردیده و با استفاده از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و بهرهگیری از نرم افزار Expert Choice، ضریب اهمیت معیارهای ارزیابی آسیبپذیری لرزهای و شاخصهای عددی شدت آسیبپذیری لرزهای تعیین شدهاند. سپس، مبتنی بر تحلیل آسیبپذیری لرزهای، راهبردهای متناسب، تدوین گردیده و با توجه به سطح اهمیت آنها، الویتبندی شدهاند. درنهایت، راهکارهای اجرایی متناسب با هر راهبرد پیشنهاد میگردند. به منظور پیادهسازی الگوی نهایی، منطقه 22 شهر تهران به عنوان مورد مطالعه انتخاب شده که وسیعترین توسعه شهری متصل به تهران و به تعبیری استانداردترین منطقه شهری در سطح کشور است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - شناسایی و ارزیابی محدودههای ایمن شهری در بحران زلزله به روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی (مطالعه موردی منطقه 2 شهر خرم آباد)
امین الفتی محمود رحیمی مهدی روانشادنیا -
Open Access Article
18 - سنجش و ارزیابی ابعاد کالبدی تابآوری شهری در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 7 شهر تهران)
صدیقه لطفی عامر نیک پور فاطمه اکبری -
Open Access Article
19 - تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر تاب آوری تکاملی شهری در برابر زلزله ، موردپژوهش: شهر زنجان
بهناز عباداله زاده ملکی زهراسادات سعیده زرآبادی سعید پیری محمدرضا فرزادبهتاش -
Open Access Article
20 - تحلیل فضایی مولفه های تاب آوری کالبدی بافت مرکزی شهر رشت در برابر زلزله با استفاده از مدلFuzzy-AHP و GIS
مهدیه دلشاد منوچهر طبیبیان سید محسن حبیبی -
Open Access Article
21 - بررسی تابآوری شهر دورود در برابر زلزله با استفاده از روش گاما در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
مهران کرمی عباس ملک حسینی -
Open Access Article
22 - ارزیابی و تحلیل ریسک آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی سکونتگاه های روستایی در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان اردبیل)
کیومرث خداپناه -
Open Access Article
23 - بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری ساختمانها در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی شهر سمنان)
عباس بخشنده نصرت عباس ارغان اکرم فدائی اسلام -
Open Access Article
24 - ارزیابی میزان تابآوری نواحی شهری باتأکید بر دسترسی به عناصر کالبدی حیاتی و مؤثر در برابر مخاطره زلزله، با استفاده از مدل تصمیم گیری چند معیاره Todim (مطالعه موردی: شهر زنجان)
مهدی محمدی سرین دیزج محسن احدنژاد روشتی نفیسه مرصوصی علی عسگری -
Open Access Article
25 - ارزیابی میزان تابآوری کالبدی در برابر مخاطرات زلزله با رویکرد دستیابی به مدیریت پایدار (مورد مطالعه: منطقه یک تهران)
یوسفعلی زیاری بهناز عباداله زاده ملکی الناز بهزادپور -
Open Access Article
26 - تحلیل شاخصهای تابآوری سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در برابر زلزله با رویکرد اجتماعی (نمونه موردی: محله فرحزاد تهران)
شیدا حیدریان محمود رحیمی ثریا فتح الهی سیروان غفوری -
Open Access Article
27 - بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیبپذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
سهراب امیریان -
Open Access Article
28 - تبیین و تحلیل معیارهای کاربری برنامه ریزی زمین در کاهش خطر زلزله جهت افزایش تاب آوری شهری (نمونه موردی: شهر سنندج)
کتایون بهزاد افشار پرویز اکبری -
Open Access Article
29 - اثربخشی درمان مرور زندگی با منظر سهمگذاری بر بهبود عملکرد خانواده و الگوهای ارتباطی زنان باردار در بحران زلزله کرمانشاه
فهیمه فداکار داورانی مریم سیفی سمیه کاظمیان -
Open Access Article
30 - Improving efficiency and reliability in the seismic monitoring systems based on the Internet of Things by applying redundancy in sensors and controllers
Iman Zangeneh Amir Massoud Bidgoli Ardeshir DolatiNatural disasters such as earthquakes are associated with irreparable damages. Therefore, any action to predict and announce a warning about it is necessary and vital. In data monitoring and warning systems for these disasters, being real-time as much as possible and th MoreNatural disasters such as earthquakes are associated with irreparable damages. Therefore, any action to predict and announce a warning about it is necessary and vital. In data monitoring and warning systems for these disasters, being real-time as much as possible and the response time and accuracy and accuracy of data and system performance play a key role. On the other hand, the expansion of systems based on the Internet of Things has made it possible to exchange and process data in different environmental conditions. In this article, a monitoring and warning system based on Internet of Things was proposed for the messaging of seismic data. In the first solution, the lightweight protocol Message Queuing Telemetry Transfer (MQTT) was chosen as the base protocol for messaging. In the second solution, redundancy was applied in the sensor layer using the gray wolf algorithm, and in the third solution, redundancy was applied in the controller layer. The simulation results showed that the redundancy in the sensor and controller layer saved energy consumption by more than thirty percent. Also, the average end-to-end delay was significantly reduced in the second and third solutions. Finally, in the first solution, the rate of successful package delivery for different number of packages was a constant value of 78.98%. But by applying redundancy in the sensor and controller, the package delivery rate increased to over 92%, which can be the result of increasing the number of sensors and controllers and their proper placement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Zoning of Earthquake risk by using fuzzy inference system and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Kazem Rangzan Mostafa Kaboulizade Ebrahim Mansour NaeimiThe present research was performed with the aim of microzonation risk of earthquake using fuzzy inference system model and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in district 1 of Ahvaz Municipality. In this study 19 criteria (population, land use, building density, occupancy MoreThe present research was performed with the aim of microzonation risk of earthquake using fuzzy inference system model and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in district 1 of Ahvaz Municipality. In this study 19 criteria (population, land use, building density, occupancy level, historical background, floors, structures, distance from health centers, outdoor fireplaces and military facilities, proximity to faults, electrical, subway, high-pressure gas and petrol stations) were selected and converted into raster format in ArcGIS®10.1 environment to generate the standard layers. Linguistic variables limitation and fuzzy membership functions were then written using MATLAB program. The results indicated that, the fuzzy inference system has better performance than fuzzy analytic hierarch process model. In addition, based on the results of the fuzzy inference system, existence of areas with a very high, high, and a medium rate of risk showed 60% (4.48 Km2) of total area (7.6 Km2). This indicated the existence of the medium up to a high rate of risk in mentioned district. Furthermore the area with low and very low rate of risk was 40% of area (3.12 Km2) which is mostly consisted of arid lands and farms in the west and southwest of the district. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - An analysis on the reading of resilient communities against earthquake risk (case study: Tabriz metropolis)
Amir Bakhshizadeh Akbar Abdollahzadeh Noor Mohammad MonjaziThe question and idea of the present article is a mixture of the attitude of resilient social drivers against the earthquake crisis; A matter that is colored by the increase in the population of urbanization and urban development, so that in this way the organizations i MoreThe question and idea of the present article is a mixture of the attitude of resilient social drivers against the earthquake crisis; A matter that is colored by the increase in the population of urbanization and urban development, so that in this way the organizations in charge of urban management pay attention to the management of the earthquake crisis. At the same time, the dimensions of this problem have been expanding, and one of its characteristics is the conflict between the drivers involved in organizing this phenomenon, which has increased its importance; Therefore, the aim of the research was to apply this concept to the geographical context of Tabriz metropolis, so that by identifying the parameters that affect the resilience of the region against the risk of earthquake, it can analyze the path of access to it. Based on the purpose, the current research is in the category of applied research, in terms of its nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the current research includes experts in the field of crisis management and urban resilience, based on the opinions of 35 experts who are available and familiar with crisis management and urban resilience, the final questionnaire is entered into the Micmac software and the SWAT method is used to identify the key points of knowing the factors in It is used to achieve social resilience in the identified susceptible areas of Tabriz metropolis. The results of the research showed that knowledge and social awareness, education and skills, and ability and access to services are the most important drivers for creating resilient communities in Tabriz. It is very important to use the power of awareness in the direction of active participation to deal with natural disasters such as earthquakes and increase resilience. Why, if people have enough knowledge and skills and are empowered, we can hope that when an earthquake occurs, they will be able to save their lives and those of their loved ones by reacting and behaving appropriately, and will suffer less physical, financial and emotional damage.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Tabriz city is located in the danger zone of high earthquakes, such as the uncoordinated and unprincipled growth of these cities, especially in the last few decades, construction in the boundaries of faults and prone areas, tectonic instabilities, the design and implementation of buildings and facilities and vital arteries disproportionate to the intensity of earthquakes. These cities have increased their vulnerability to earthquakes. The northern fault of Tabriz city, which is known as one of the most dangerous faults of Tabriz city, which passes through the north of Tabriz city and an area of Tabriz city, has caused the high risk of this region compared to the southern regions. This fault is one of the most fundamental tectonic structures in the northeast of Lake Urmia. Although several studies have been done on the earthquakes of Tabriz city in the past, but considering the population of Tabriz city which is more than 160,000 people and the industrial position of this city in the country of Iran, which has caused its rapid growth and development, the earthquake risk of this region should be investigated. It seems necessary in order to obtain more accurate results. Clarifying that today's changes will affect tomorrow's events is a reflection of future-research activities; Therefore, by knowing these developments and planning not to be surprised by the terrible storm of the earthquake crisis, it is possible to take the lever of management and control of the future and instead of facing a fixed future based on past trends, in order to achieve a desirable future with The resilience approach took a step forward. Research materials and methods: Based on the purpose, the current research is in the category of applied research, in terms of its nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical research.Methodology: is based on the resilience approach against the earthquake crisis with a future-research, analytical-exploratory approach, which will be done by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models. In this study, to collect primary information for documentary studies (library through reading books, theses, doctoral dissertations) and field observation and interviews with experts; Elites and subject matter experts will be used. The statistical population of the current research includes experts in the field of crisis management and urban resilience, in this regard, there is no explicit rule about the number of experts, and depending on the purpose of Delphi, the scope, the time of data collection, and the availability of resources, the number The participants are usually estimated to be between 15 and 50 people, and in the current research, 35 experts who are available and familiar with crisis management and urban resilience will be used. It is used to identify the key factors affecting the resilience of Tabriz metropolis. In this step, the factors extracted in the previous step are placed in a table two by two and are given to the panel members to value the effective factors based on specific numbers. Finally, the final questionnaire is entered into the Micmac software and based on The given scores are analyzed and key factors are extracted; And the SWAT method is used to identify the key points of knowing the factors in order to achieve social resilience in the identified susceptible areas of Tabriz metropolis. In the current research, after collecting the effective factors against the earthquake risk of Tabriz city using the environmental survey method and studying various sources, these factors were given to the members of the Delphi panel (consisting of 35 experts in the relevant field) in the form of a questionnaire in two rounds. Thus, in the first round, they were asked to determine the importance of each of the variables in the subject of the current research based on the Likert scale (5 degrees) and they were also asked to add their desired variables to the list in addition to the existing variables. do After examining the answers given in the first round of the Delphi panel, finally 87 variables were identified in 14 dimensions. In the second round of the Delphi panel, in order to finally confirm the variables for the analysis and continuation of the research, the factors confirmed in the first round in the form of a questionnaire They have been given to the relevant experts to re-score them. The results of the questionnaires in the second round were such that all the factors in the second round have been approved to continue the work by the experts of the Delphi panel. The factors and factors of the research have been mentionedResults and discussion: The results of the research showed that knowledge and social awareness, education and skills, ability and access to services are the most important drivers for creating resilient communities in Tabriz. Therefore, it is very important to adopt community-oriented crisis management solutions, empower citizens and use the power of awareness in order to actively participate in dealing with natural disasters such as earthquakes and increasing resilience. Why, if people have enough awareness and skills and are empowered, we can hope that when an earthquake occurs, they will be able to save their lives and those of their loved ones by reacting and behaving appropriately, and will suffer less physical, financial, and emotional damage. On the other hand, it should be kept in mind that the failure of modernization policies in the form of large-scale plans and re-reading the role of local communities in planning, along with the emergence of participatory paradigms in planning, necessitates the need to pay attention to individual and local measures. The emphasis of international assemblies on creating resilient communities and emphasizing the role of the local government in realizing this issue marks the beginning of a movement from the bottom up. These measures range from educating residents to formulating building regulations at local levels.Conclusion: The state of resilience of Tabriz city against the risk of earthquake is in a conservative position and it should be planned and improved by reducing the weak points and taking advantage of the opportunities; In this regard, the following strategies are suggested Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - مکان یابی نقاط امن در مقابله با زلزله با رویکرد پدافند غیر عامل در راستای توسعه پایدار اجتماعی شهر بابل
سید مصطفی هاشمی کرویی صدرالدین متولی غلامرضا جانبازقبادی جلال عظیمی -
Open Access Article
34 - Numerical modeling of soil bearing capacity coefficients under earthquake load
Pezhman Fazeli سهیل GHorehEvaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients of has been the focus of a significant amount of studiesby various researchers. In all conducted studies and analyses, by considering different forms ofearthquake load with pseudo-static performance, different results hav MoreEvaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients of has been the focus of a significant amount of studiesby various researchers. In all conducted studies and analyses, by considering different forms ofearthquake load with pseudo-static performance, different results have been obtained. In this research,evaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients under earthquake load has been carried out using finiteelements software Plaxis and the obtained results have been compared with those from other publishedstudies. Moreover, the effect of the inertia of the underpinning soil on the soil bearing capacitycoefficients was modeled in the pseudo- static mode and the results indicated that bearing capacitycoefficients obtained from pseudo-static gave good agreement with other methods. However,comparison of these two results revealed that the results obtained from numerical modeling are moreconservative and are on the safety side. Finally, since the pseudo –static load is not characterized as anappropriate alternative for the earthquake load; the effect of underpinning soil on the manner oftransferring the earthquake waves until reaching the foundation bed has been also investigated.Evaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients of has been the focus of a significant amount of studiesby various researchers. In all conducted studies and analyses, by considering different forms ofearthquake load with pseudo-static performance, different results have been obtained. In this research,evaluation of soil bearing capacity coefficients under earthquake load has been carried out using finiteelements software Plaxis and the obtained results have been compared with those from other publishedstudies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Prioritization of effective factors in aggravation of instabilities resulting from seismic earthquakes in Ilam and Kermanshah using Vikor method
fathollah naderi Samad Fotouhi Hossein Negarash Marzieh KhaliliThe main purpose of this study is to study the geomorphological instabilities resulting from the Ozgeleh earthquake in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces using field studies and satellite images and their zoning. The region affected by this earthquake is very prone to variou MoreThe main purpose of this study is to study the geomorphological instabilities resulting from the Ozgeleh earthquake in Kermanshah and Ilam provinces using field studies and satellite images and their zoning. The region affected by this earthquake is very prone to various movements and geomorphological instabilities. The reasons for this are the presence of young Zagros folds along with the operation of their cutting faults, which have caused severe fractures in the region. To conduct this study, first, the geomorphological instabilities of the index that were effective in intensifying the damage caused by the earthquake were identified. Then, using topographic maps, geology, satellite images and field operations, their location was determined. These instabilities include landslides, rock falls and avalanches, currents, hilltop ruptures, and landslides. Using multi-criteria decision making (MADM) method, the study area was zoned in terms of instabilities. The zoning results showed that the two very high risk classes and the high risk class with a total area of 6558 square kilometers, i.e. more than 28% of the study area and among the factors affecting the occurrence of instabilities, land age factors Histology, distance from fault and slope with 0.23, 0.22 and 0.15 points, respectively, have the greatest impact on creating instabilities in the region. The adaptation of the instability zoning map to the instability distribution map indicates the greater adaptation of the instabilities, including landslides, rock falls, and subsidence, to high-risk classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Introduce of Indices to Predict Geology Unites Susceptibility to Coseismic Landslides; Manjil Earthquake as a Case study
M.A RajabiThe analysis of distribution and characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes is important tounderstand the areas may be susceptible to landsliding in the next earthquakes. One of the mostsignificant effects of the Manjil earthquake (M=7/7, 20/6/1990) was trig MoreThe analysis of distribution and characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquakes is important tounderstand the areas may be susceptible to landsliding in the next earthquakes. One of the mostsignificant effects of the Manjil earthquake (M=7/7, 20/6/1990) was triggering landslides over anextensive area. In this study; the factors of these landslides such as slope, slope aspect, elevation,lithological unites and Arias intensity were investigated using GIS in an area close to the earthquakeepicenter. In the next step, two indices called Susceptibility Index (SI) and Frequency Index (FI)presented to predict the location of future earthquake-induced landslides. Finally, landslidessusceptibility in the study area has been rated based on these indices. The output of this study can beused to predict landslide susceptible areas in the future earthquakes and to distinguish hazard zones inthe overall study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intensive and Short-Term Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Mental Pain of Earthquake Victims of Sir Paul Zahab City
Afshin Safarnia Vahid Ahmadi shahram mamiThe purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken women in Sar-e-Pol city who referred to counseling clinic of Sar-e-Pol-e-zahb city in 1398. 45 women were selected by convenience sampling method. One control group and two experimental groups were replaced by a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. Intensive and short-term psychotherapy sessions and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were administered to the two experimental groups during 9 weeks. At the end, three post-test groups were taken. The research tools were: Orbach & Miklinsler Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP) (2003). Covariance analysis test was used for inferential analysis of data. The results showed that both intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective on the mental pain of earthquake victims and between intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the earthquake on mental pain. (p <0/5). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation of Steel Braced Frames under Vertical and Horizontal Components of Near Field Earthquake
علی گل افشار متین روشنی محمد حسین ثقفیIn the common practice design of structures, Often the effect of vertical component of earthquake is ignored, but this component is important parameter especially in near field Earthquakes. The objective of this paper is study the effect of vertical and horizontal compo MoreIn the common practice design of structures, Often the effect of vertical component of earthquake is ignored, but this component is important parameter especially in near field Earthquakes. The objective of this paper is study the effect of vertical and horizontal component of earthquake ground motion in steel braced frames. First verification of numerical models through finite element software package (ABAQUS) is carried out. Comparison of the result of load displacement curve for numerical and experimental model shows matching result. After this, two concentrically braced frames with X-configuration are selected from previous researches. Four earthquake records have been used for this study. Kobe, Northridge, Tabas and Imperial Valley. Two components of earthquake are applied simultaneously to frames under nonlinear time history analysis. The results that extract from the analysis content of vertical and horizontal displacement of roof and plastic dissipated energy during earthquakes. the intensity of the former parameters is depend of earthquake intensity and frequency content of them. Assessing the result reveal that in the three story frame, the ratio of maximum vertical displacement to maximum horizontal displacement is crucial parameter with respect to seven story braced frame. Also the time of plastic energy dissipated for frames is short because of nature of near field earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - مدیریت جغرافیایی جمعیت های آسیب دیده از سیل و زلزله (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان سرخه)
saeid kamyabi HEYDAR YAHYA -
Open Access Article
40 - Assessing the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes (Case study: Neyriz neighborhoods)
Mohammad Reza Zardosht Marziyeh Mogholi mohammad ebrahim afifiAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of thi MoreAbstractAmong natural disasters, earthquakes are one of the newest fundamental challenges of societies, which every year, despite causing great economic damage, cause many deaths and hinder the coordinated and continuous development of societies. The main purpose of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Neyriz neighborhoods to earthquakes. In terms of purpose, in the field of applied research and in terms of research method, it is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is documentary and survey. By distributing the questionnaire according to the experts of the research, the effective criteria for identification and their relative importance were determined using the method of hierarchical analysis. Prioritization of urban neighborhoods was done using FVikor method (FVikor), as one of the new multi-criteria decision-making methods, in Gis software environment. The results obtained from fuzzy Victor in the neighborhoods of Neyriz show that Qala-e-Beheshti neighborhood with a weight of 0.908 is in the first place and Bazaar neighborhood with a weight of 0.089 is in the last place. In terms of earthquake vulnerability of neighborhoods in terms of all criteria, Beheshti neighborhoods, health, hospitals and commanders’ low vulnerability, stadium neighborhoods, Abadzdasht Jadid and Goodajar moderate vulnerability, Abadzdasht neighborhoods Old and the neighborhood are very vulnerable and the neighborhoods of Sadat, Shadkhaneh, Qala Mahmoud Khan and Bazaar are very vulnerable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Scenario planning and explanation of urban management development with an emphasis on earthquake vulnerability management with a future research approach using GIS, a case study of Mantasa Municipality 6, Tehran
poya amiri mohammad ebrahim afifi Marziyeh MogholiThe research is applied in terms of purpose, explanatory in nature and combined method (qualitative-quantitative). The data collection method is library-documentary. The statistical population was formed by 124 experts and experts from the government agencies of the cit MoreThe research is applied in terms of purpose, explanatory in nature and combined method (qualitative-quantitative). The data collection method is library-documentary. The statistical population was formed by 124 experts and experts from the government agencies of the city of Tehran. Probability and stratified sampling method. The tool for collecting information is the questionnaire of the type of closed questions. For the future research of Tehran city management and to investigate the desired drivers, the criteria influencing the development management of Tehran city have been ranked using the TOPSIS model based on the experts' score. By examining these criteria, possible, probable and desirable scenarios have been developed. The aim of the current research is scenario planning and explanation of the development of urban management with an emphasis on earthquake vulnerability management with a future research approach using GIS. The indicators used for medical centers and hospitals were population density, open spaces, distance from the fault, road network. In the fuzzy inference zoning maps of AND operator, 1453.13, 499.17, 154.9, 35.11 hectares are located in very low, low, medium, high and very high risk areas, respectively. In the OR zoning model, 7.02 hectares are in the very low risk category, 35.11 hectares are in the low risk category, 358.19 hectares are in the medium risk zone, 1755.85 hectares are in the high risk zone, and 2156.18 are in the very high risk zone. The results of the research show that Among the evaluated criteria, the emphasis on the decentralized and integrated management structure with a score of (0.967) has taken the first place. Based on the future research method in Tehran city development management, three scenarios were formulated. The first scenario: change in the structural criteria of Tehran city management (integrated approach in urban planning and management). The second scenario: change in the functional criteria of Tehran city management. The third scenario: Governance is digital democracy. In this zoning, the most vulnerable areas are located in the northern part of the city.Therefore, in the zoning map resulting from the AND operator, more relief and relief centers will be needed in times of earthquakes. In the OR zoning model, 7.02 hectares are in the very low risk category, 35.11 hectares in the low risk category, 358.19 hectares in the medium risk zone, 1755.85 hectares in the high risk zone, and 2156.18 hectares in the very high risk zone. Therefore, the largest area in this zoning model is in the very low class, and this logic considers many areas without risk due to the convergence between criteria, and only a very small part of the center of the study area has been identified as having a high risk. And finally, the zoning model of the GAMA operator, respectively, 185.23, 557.92, 595.88, 643.62, 158.76 hectares were in the very low, low, medium, high, very high risk classes, and the medium risk class covered most of the study area. In this zoning, the most vulnerable areas are located in the northern part of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Earthquake risk zoning in Bastak city using FUZZY-AHP model
vahid sohrabi mohammad ebrahim afifiIran is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world and its cities have suffered a lot of damage due to this natural hazard. Knowing the areas exposed to these risks is one of the first steps in risk management and development and construction planning. In t MoreIran is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world and its cities have suffered a lot of damage due to this natural hazard. Knowing the areas exposed to these risks is one of the first steps in risk management and development and construction planning. In this research, the aim is the zoning of earthquake risk in Bestak city using the FUZZY-AHP model. The research method was descriptive-analytical. In the descriptive discussion, the necessary data were collected using library and documentary studies, and in the analytical discussion, fault maps, earthquakes, elevations, waterways and canals network maps, slope value maps, etc. were prepared, and then with the geographic information system ( GIS) each of the factors of the layers was valued and finally the final map was obtained by overlapping with the AHP model. Bestak city is one of the subordinate cities of Hormozgan province, located between the geographical coordinates of ˝00 21 ° 54 ° to ˝ 11 22 ° 54 longitude and ˝00 11 ° 27 to ˝02 12 ° 27 latitude is located. This map was proposed based on the geomorphological and land use conditions and the areas prone to urban development. The results showed that the physical development of the city during the past decades was subject to the topographical conditions and there are many geomorphological risks and limitations in the study area. According to the results of the research on the optimal location of city development, according to the experts, the parameter of gasoline pumps in the city center has the highest weight of 0.195 and the earthquake parameter has the lowest weight of 0.01 in a pairwise comparison. Finally, the final map resulting from the overlapping of all factors was obtained. According to the maps obtained by overlaying the AHP model and applying weights to the information layers, the earthquake vulnerability classes included very low, low, medium, high and very high. The area of the classes was 11.25, 9.53, 13.17, 15.69 and 9.58, respectively. A large area of the study area is at high risk; Therefore, solutions for crisis management should be implemented when necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigating the Integrated Management of Earthquake Threat in the Drinking Water Supply Chain Process
سیدعباس اسدی مژگان زعیم دار سیدعلی جوزیAbstractThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of earthquake threat in the drinking water supply chain process. A combined method was used to conduct this research. The statistical population in the qualitative phase w MoreAbstractThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of earthquake threat in the drinking water supply chain process. A combined method was used to conduct this research. The statistical population in the qualitative phase was 14 experts in the field of water and wastewater, and in the quantitative phase, the employees working in the regional water company of Guilan province, from whom, 230 people were selected by non-probability method. In order to analyze the data, content analysis and structural equation modeling method and Smart PLS 3 software were used. The findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between integrated management solutions including retrofitting and updating of facilities, reserve resources, improvement regulations, detailed studies and tests, and the use of technical and human equipment with the threat of earthquakes, and the use of each of these solutions It can lead to the reduction of risks related to the time of earthquake in Rasht metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - ارزیابی تابآوری در محلههای شهری (نمونه موردی:محلههای شهر کامیاران)
محمد شیخی مجتبی رفیعیان اسماعیل پیری شهرام پشابادی -
Open Access Article
45 - تحلیل رابطة سرمایة اجتماعی و تعلق مکانی با میزان رضایتمندی از بازسازی پس از زلزله؛ مطالعة موردی: خانوارهای محلات شهر بم
محمود قدیری صغری شهربابکی صدیقه شاهی -
Open Access Article
46 - مطالعه تطبیقی میزان تابآوری کالبدی مناطق شهر مشهد در برابر زلزله
امیر باغبان ساجده باغبان مژگان آراسته -
Open Access Article
47 - Model of Seismic Analysis Risk, using indices of Environment Health in Higher Education Centers
Mahdi Zahmatkeshan Manouchehr Omidvari Hassan AghabaratiThe earthquake and its hazards and vulnerability are the main concerns addressed by the discussions on crisis management. The higher education institutes are considered the important organizations which provide essential human resources, scientific and historical equipm MoreThe earthquake and its hazards and vulnerability are the main concerns addressed by the discussions on crisis management. The higher education institutes are considered the important organizations which provide essential human resources, scientific and historical equipment. This study offers a model of risk analysis, using PSHA method in combination with FMEA. The results show that the faculty of Civil engineering enjoys an acceptable risk structure in earthquake on 9 Richter scale but has an unacceptable risk but bearable structure in 8 Richter scale .It is unbearable in earthquake on 7 Richter scale. Given the structure of the building, which is resistant against the earthquake, one needs to reconsider the application and use of the building? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Land suitability analysis for temporary housing after Possible earthquake, case study of Lavasan city
Rama GhalamborDezfooly Zahra sadat Hayatgheibi Zahra FarazandehThe purpose of the current research is to analyze the suitability of land for temporary housing after a possible earthquake in Lavasan city. Earthquake is one of the most dangerous and harmful natural disasters of the present era, which has always shown its importance o MoreThe purpose of the current research is to analyze the suitability of land for temporary housing after a possible earthquake in Lavasan city. Earthquake is one of the most dangerous and harmful natural disasters of the present era, which has always shown its importance objectively. Earthquake is a natural disaster that, based on its magnitude, can cause huge disasters in a short period of time. Due to its location on two faults north of Tehran and the Masha fault, Lavasan is an earthquake-prone city, and preparations should be made for post-earthquake conditions in this city. Earthquake is a natural disaster that, based on its magnitude, can cause huge disasters in a short period of time.Considering that the main need of the earthquake victims is to have a shelter and it is not possible to provide suitable facilities for the earthquake victims quickly after the earthquake, it is necessary to From the occurrence of such crises, he provided suitable places for the victims of the earthquake. Appropriate temporary housing facilities protect earthquake victims from difficult environmental conditions, strengthen their sense of security and stability, and enable them to resume daily life and activities. Land suitability analysis is the process of determining the suitability of a certain piece of land for the allocation of a certain use. It is obvious that failure to comply with the land suitability analysis may lead to another disaster even far more serious than the initial disaster. The housing crisis is one of the inevitable consequences of the earthquake due to widespread destruction; Therefore, housing management is an important part in post-disaster conditions. According to the mentioned cases, land suitability analysis for temporary settlement after a possible earthquake in the cityLavasan using multi-criteria decision-making technique and GIS software, the current research is done.Determining the right place for the establishment of various urban uses depends on several factors, these factors are determined according to the nature and type of related user activity. Therefore, by considering the main features and characteristics that a suitable place for temporary housing should have, the influencing factors can be determined. After choosing the effective criteria and sub-criteria in land suitability analysis, in order to combine them with each other in the form of information layers, the weight of each of them should be determined according to their importance. Because some criteria are more important than other criteria and play a decisive role in land suitability analysis. The weight of each criterion indicates its importance and value compared to other criteria. The criteria studied in this research include:Natural factors include: fault, cause;Physical factors include: access to communication passages, bridges;Functional factors include: proximity to water sources, proximity to medical centers, proximity to firefighting centers.In this research, which is of a quantitative type, in addition to library surveys and the use of available sources, various maps have also been used. Criterion maps were classified according to the objectives and multi-criteria decision making method. After identifying the effective criteria in locating the temporary housing and preparing a hierarchy chart, the decision makers were asked to compare the criteria and express the relative importance of the elements using numbers, by evaluating the criteria and sub-criteria according to the weights. Obtained from pairwise comparison using the multi-criteria decision making technique, which is in the softwareExpertChoice has been loaded, The weight of each criterion using the toolRaster Calculator In the raster layer, each criterion is multiplied and their sum creates the final map. Finally, the extracted areas were divided into 9 categories (Unsuitable range in red, to completely suitable range in green), the green parts are suitable lands for temporary housing after the earthquake in this region.The eastern region of the studied area has better and more favorable conditions for the construction of temporary accommodation after the earthquake, which includes parks and stadiums.The use of GIS software along with the use of multi-criteria decision-making techniques can work well in the discussion of land suitability analysis and bring us to the final Target of the research; However, the more the number of research criteria and the smaller the research limitation, the more accurate results will be obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - مطالعه کیفی نقشهای جنسیتی زنان در زلزله
فریده بهمن جنبه مریم اردیبهشتی خیابان شهناز کهن -
Open Access Article
50 - Political Consequences of Natural Disasters in Iran: The Future Research on the Political Consequences of a Possible Earthquake
hamid Mahalati Rayeni Abolfazl Delavari RezaAli MohseniIran has experienced devastating earthquakes in recent decades, each with significant damage and different socio-political consequences. What has caused public concern, especially among policymakers and managers, is the possibility of a severe earthquake in Tehran. Payi MoreIran has experienced devastating earthquakes in recent decades, each with significant damage and different socio-political consequences. What has caused public concern, especially among policymakers and managers, is the possibility of a severe earthquake in Tehran. Paying attention to the location of this city and the dimensions of the consequences of such an earthquake reveals the importance and necessity of addressing it. Many researchers, policymakers, and aid agencies believe that natural disasters strengthen alliance between groups and moderate conflict, but because they face a shortage of basic resources after people's disasters, natural disasters can provoke conflict and conflict within the country. The current study examines one of the neglected aspects of the consequences of accidents, namely political vulnerability. In this study, the future research method and a combination of Delphi technique and scenario writing, along with a questionnaire and a matrix of cross-referenced effects have been used. It has been used and referred to experts and specialists in crisis management for future research. Identification of key factors and the extent of the impact and uncertainty of the identified indicators of the political consequences of the earthquake were determined through a questionnaire compiled by experts panel. This questionnaire, which was extracted and designed based on the conceptual model and using theoretical framework, divided the influential factors into 32 factors. After summarizing the opinions of experts, a consensus was reached twice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - A Survey of social, economic and psychological consequences among earthquake victims in the western part of Kermanshah
Sima Parshoo Seyed naser Hejazi Asghar MohamadiThis Earthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of MoreThis Earthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of investigating the social, economic and psychological consequences of the survivors of the West Kermanshah earthquake and with the survey method. The statistical population includes all people over the age of 18 in the cities of Sarpol Zahab and Salas Babajani. Cochran's formula was used to determine the statistical sample (600 people), and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. Data analysis was also done using PLS and SPSS statistical software in two parts, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the occurrence of an earthquake on all research variables with (sig=0.001) at the alpha level of 0.05 on the sense of social security, social responsibility, adaptability of citizens, social solidarity with others, determinism, sense of economic security, Job changes, mental health, resilience and duty-oriented towards God have an effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Analysis of Institutional Resilience Against Earthquake Risk In the Metropolis of Kermanshah
Chnour Mohammadi Hossein Nazmfar Sayyad Asghari SaraskanroudEarthquakes have always been one of the most dangerous and important natural hazards that always threaten cities. The consequences of earthquakes affect the society both in terms of frequency and damages. Community resilience provides a conceptual framework for measurin MoreEarthquakes have always been one of the most dangerous and important natural hazards that always threaten cities. The consequences of earthquakes affect the society both in terms of frequency and damages. Community resilience provides a conceptual framework for measuring the ability of society to deal with changes and emergency situations. The main goal of this research is to analyze the state of institutional resilience of Kermanshah metropolis against earthquake risk. The statistical population is the residents of Kermanshah city, and to determine the sample size, 385 people were determined based on Cochran's formula, and the sample was selected using the stratified sampling method. Also, the documentary method and library studies have been used to compile theoretical foundations and viewpoints and a questionnaire to collect data related to the institutional resilience of Kermanshah city. GIS, SPSS, CODAS model and CV method have been used for experimenting and analyzing data and information. results show, There is a significant difference in all components at the 0.95 level and in some componentsThe average is higher than the average value of three and in some components it is lower than the average value of three. Also, the results of the Cudas model show; Regions eight and seven in the first and second ranks and in relatively good condition; Regions one and four in the third and fourth levels and in the middle status and regions; 2, 3, 6 and 5 are ranked 5th to 8th respectively and are in poor condition and the biggest difference and inequality is related to the component of how much government and local institutions (council and municipality) have planned to prevent the consequences and damages caused by the earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Seismic Risk Analysis with a Probabilistic Approach Using the CRISIS Model for Zarinshahr City
amin eidivandi Ghasem Khosravi Abdollah Vaez ShooshtariEarthquake as one of the most significant environmental hazards of the earth, threatens most regions of Iran. in recent years the importance of earthquake hazards in the country has increased due to the rapid expansion of cities and the population and capital concentrat MoreEarthquake as one of the most significant environmental hazards of the earth, threatens most regions of Iran. in recent years the importance of earthquake hazards in the country has increased due to the rapid expansion of cities and the population and capital concentration. Zarin Shahr City as the center of Lenjan city in Isfahan province has a high risk of seismic hazard, in terms of population, socioeconomic infrastructure, and on the other hand, due to the presence of several active faults in and around of it. Accordingly, studies on seismic risk analysis of this city and recognizing high risk areas are one of the requirements of urban management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a probabilistic method for analyzing and zoning the earthquake hazard in Zarrin Shahr city by using the Crisis model. The research method was descriptive-analytical and it has been analyzed by using library studies (documents, geological and topographic maps, digital elevation model, seismic data catalog, genealogy images). The results of this study show that more than 17,000 hectares of urban land are in high-risk areas and therefore, considering to the fifteen thousand of population which are inhabitants in this area, attention to the design and implementation of resistant structures to seismic hazard and also the strengthening of the worse parts will significantly help to reduce the possible damage which is caused by the earthquake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Predicting Temporary Accommodation Sites in Various Scenarios of Earthquakes (Case Study: Region 3 of Tehran Municipality)
Hossein Nazmfar Ali EshghiIn recent decades, the lack of planning and preparation to deal with the consequences of the earthquakes in urban areas with high population density and lack of physical and social infrastructures have resulted in high volume of Casualties and financial losses. The basi MoreIn recent decades, the lack of planning and preparation to deal with the consequences of the earthquakes in urban areas with high population density and lack of physical and social infrastructures have resulted in high volume of Casualties and financial losses. The basic need of earthquake's victims is shelter. Creating suitable places for temporary accommodation of victims is not possible after the earthquake. It is necessary to provide appropriate places for victims before the earthquakes. Determining the vulnerability of the urban fabrics before the earthquakes is one of the requirements that must be evaluated to predict optimal spaces for temporary accommodation after the earthquake. The purpose of this study was to predict temporary accommodation sites at different intensities. This research is applicatory and its method is descriptive- analytic. The used data were documentary and field. The results showed temporary accommodation sites have been predicted as optimal spaces for temporary accommodation of victims which include eight sites in earthquake with an intensity of 6 Mrkaly (Mellat Park, Wasteland located in the southern part of the neighborhood Amanollah, Green space of border of Kurdistan crossing and prayer, Shahid Chamran Park, Vanak Park, Behesht Madaran Park, Gholhak garden and Arghavan park), four sites in earthquake with an intensity of 7 Mrkaly (Mellat park, Green space of border of Kurdistan crossing and prayer, Behesht Madaran Park and Gholhak garden) and only two sites in earthquake with an intensity of 8 Mrkaly (Park Mellat and Behesht Madaran Park). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The study and evaluation of the vulnerability rate of eroded texture of Ilam city to earthquakes
amir mahmoodzade iran ghazi Maryam AskariEarthquake is considered to be the most destructive natural disaster causing/which causes human casualties and considerable economic losses in our country,Iran.The injuries and damages are far more severe in older city tissues because of their older tissues anddistincti MoreEarthquake is considered to be the most destructive natural disaster causing/which causes human casualties and considerable economic losses in our country,Iran.The injuries and damages are far more severe in older city tissues because of their older tissues anddistinctive and unique structures. However, these tissues as a part of the city are a symbol of early human civilization.Since these tissues are vulnerable to natural incidents, especially earthquakes, their repairment and sustenance seem to be of special importance. The old texture area of Ilam is 374 hectares, 19% ofwhich covers old sectors and central tissues. Descriptive-analytic and field method was used to analyze the data. The aim of this study was to review and evaluate the vulnerability rate of the old texture of Ilam city in terms of suchindexes as types of materials, buildings age, number of floors, type of use, occupancy level, quality of buildings, buildings area, population density, and streets width. The results showed that construction materials accounted for the largest weight while other factors were just a function of the materials used for construction. As we use more durable construction materials, while observing engineering principals,for urban construction, the buildings will be less vulnerable to earthquakes. Vulnerability output map indicated that in the total area, with the exception of passages, the vulnerability levels were as follows: 8.9 percent too much vulnerability, 59% high vulnerability, 23% moderate vulnerability, 3.6% low vulnerability and 5.5% very low vulnerability. Totally, based on the above indexes, 67.9 percent of the old texture area are vulnerable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Zoning earthquakes pre-crisis model of FAHP Case Study of Khuzestan Province
Elyas Mavadat Reza Nazarpoor Saeed HeydariniaPopulation growth and the expansion of settlements in risky areas, the impact of natural disasters in various countries, especially in developing countries, has increased. Due to the location of the collision of the Arabian plate and the Iranian province of Khuzestan, e MorePopulation growth and the expansion of settlements in risky areas, the impact of natural disasters in various countries, especially in developing countries, has increased. Due to the location of the collision of the Arabian plate and the Iranian province of Khuzestan, earthquakes and lack of proper localization of its settlements And development on active fault, the province's zoning to identify areas unsuitable for earthquake risk Avoid the lack of human settlements in this area is necessary to mitigate risks in the future. Research and development nature - earthquake hazard zoning applications aimed at Khuzestan province to deal with the risks posed by this natural disaster has occurred. The first seven variables in the diagnosis of active earthquake zones, they are combined using FAHP model and seismic risk map was obtained. Results indicate that the seismic risk of the area of of Khuzestan Province, about 7 percent of the range (very low risk), 13% (low), 20% (average), 27% (high) and 33 percent (very high high) and among cities, Andimeshk and Abadan have the highest and lowest earthquake risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluation and investigation of earthquake vulnerability using RADIUS and GIS model (case study of two Yazd region)
seyed ahmad mirdehghan ashkezar seyed ali almodaresi mohamad reza rezaie mohamad reza nojavan bashnghiyan Mostafa KhabaziEarthquake is a natural phenomenon that neglecting it will lead to irreparable damages. The occurrence of severe earthquakes has prompted mankind to think of developing an infrastructure plan to reduce the risks and damages caused by it. The purpose of this research is MoreEarthquake is a natural phenomenon that neglecting it will lead to irreparable damages. The occurrence of severe earthquakes has prompted mankind to think of developing an infrastructure plan to reduce the risks and damages caused by it. The purpose of this research is to investigate the damages caused by the earthquake in the area of two cities of Yazd using the radius model in the GIS environment in the proposed scenarios. Based on this and according to the radius model, the factors of the number of building floors, type of soil, type of materials, existing faults, land use and existing vital arteries were used. that the effective factors of using separate layers were investigated in ArcGIS 10 software and the required information of the radius model was extracted and entered into the radius model to achieve the results. The results of the research show that according to the Mehriz-Teft fault scenario, 1577 buildings will be destroyed, 7 people will be killed and 243 people will be injured. According to the Anar fault scenario, 1108 buildings will be destroyed, 4 people will be killed and 132 people will be injured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Urban Paneling based on the Level of Vulnerability Against Natural Disasters (Crisis Management): A Case Study on Nasimshahr
Mohammad Reza Zand MoghadamHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damage MoreHigh construction and demographic congestions, low quality of buildings in the body of communication networks and high degree of surrounding and so on lead to loss of sustainability of living environments and an increase in the number of human waste and financial damages in cases of crisis, especially earthquakes. This thesis is basically aimed at identifying the vulnerable places toward natural disasters as well as safe places at the time of occurrence of crisis for temporary residence and analyzing the role of effective factors in vulnerability of urban zones against earthquake.In this study, 7 indices, namely access to healthcare centers, degree of surrounding, construction congestion, demographic congestion, land usage, building longevity and building quality have been adopted, and vulnerability of the zones against earthquake was examined by means of GIS. Results suggest that old textures of Nasimshahr and body of the passages with high construction and demographic congestions, building low quality, too much distance from relief centers vis-à-vis other bodies and high degree of surrounding are highly vulnerable and will therefore have worse condition in crises. Among the zones, initial core of formation of Nasimshahr is the worst in terms of vulnerability and should be prioritized for crisis management in planning.Thus, 70% of residential textures of Nasimshahr are severely vulnerable; almost 20% of them lies within vulnerable limit, and only 10% lies within the less vulnerable limit. Therefore, the research hypothesis concerning vulnerability of the residential textures and variation of the regional vulnerability due to such characteristics as passage width,congestion,material applied in the buildings,against natural disasters is verified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Prediction of the Peak Ground Acceleration for Zagros Earthquakes Using ANFIS and Data Partitioning Approach
seyyed Mohamadreza tabatabaei Roohollah kimiaefar Alireza Hajian Alireza AkbariIn this research, the prediction of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is investigated through training the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) network using data partitioned into inlier and outlier groups. The partitioning procedure is based on an automated metho MoreIn this research, the prediction of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is investigated through training the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) network using data partitioned into inlier and outlier groups. The partitioning procedure is based on an automated method which uses K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) search and Local Linear Model Tree (LOLIMOT) methods. The mentioned proved to enhance the prediction procedure at least 36 percent with respect to normal training mode with no data partitioning. Hereafter, a PGA catalogue reported by the Iranian ground acceleration network with 1571 records was used and the trained network was used for predicting the PGA map around the Mormori, 2014 earthquake epicenter. We used spatial information of the epicenter and the site, earthquake magnitude, Vs30, depth of the hypocenters and the epicentral distance foe the sites. The resulted map adapts well to the official report of the mentioned earthquake for the PGA analysis published by the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES). Finally, it is concluded that using machine learning algorithms could be beneficial in the cases where adequate data-sets are not provided by the seismological networks specifically in the concept of the strong ground motion analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - بازتاب روحی و روانی بلایای طبیعی در متون ادبی قرن چهارم تا هشتم هجری
مریم بلوری نوری مختاری -
Open Access Article
61 - Geomorphological consequences of the area affected by the 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab-Azgeleh earthquake
Amjad maleki Ali AbdolmelekiEarthquakes are considered as one of the most destructive natural disasters and at the same time the most sudden natural force that occurs as a result of failure and displacement of rocks below the earth's surface. Earthquakes are followed by many geomorphological hazar MoreEarthquakes are considered as one of the most destructive natural disasters and at the same time the most sudden natural force that occurs as a result of failure and displacement of rocks below the earth's surface. Earthquakes are followed by many geomorphological hazards and environmental consequences, which cause great damage to vulnerable areas. Following the earthquake of November 13, 2017 Sarpol-e-Zahab-Azgaleh, many slope processes such as (landslides, landslides, subsidence, etc.), as well as natural consequences (changes in the flow of springs), economic, human consequences (destruction) Residential areas, roads, destruction of agricultural lands, orchards and fish farming complexes) occurred in the area, causing damage to areas affected by the earthquake. In this research, using satellite images, field operations, the required information about the occurrence of geomorphological processes and natural and human consequences in the region were collected and their location was identified and determined on a map. In addition, with the help of Arc GIS software, zones Exposed to location threats and some of the consequences of earthquakes, their location and map were plotted. The results of the study showed that the activation of most processes, amplitude instabilities as a result of weak geological structure, monotonic and morphological conditions of the region are affected by the occurrence of earthquakes, which their past history also confirms this. Preparing a final map to identify the location of complications and consequences in the region as another result of this study can be of great help in reducing the loss of life and property during Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Analysis and evaluation of earthquake risk in order to identify safe areas in plain cities (case example: Babol city)
Seyyed Mustafa Hashemi Karoui Sadroddin Motevalli Gholamreza janbazghobadi Jalal Azimi AmoliThe city of Babol is very vulnerable to this phenomenon due to the location of several active faults around it and also being located on one of the earthquake-prone belts of the world known as Alpine. Therefore, it is necessary to identify safe areas in the city of Babo MoreThe city of Babol is very vulnerable to this phenomenon due to the location of several active faults around it and also being located on one of the earthquake-prone belts of the world known as Alpine. Therefore, it is necessary to identify safe areas in the city of Babol. The purpose of this research is to identify safe areas in the neighborhoods of Babol city to deal with earthquakes. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and field in nature. The statistical population in this research includes citizens living in the twelve neighborhoods of Babol city, and the sample size is 384 people based on Cochran's formula. GIS and SPSS software have been used to assess the risk of an earthquake and identify safe areas. The findings of the research showed that based on 11 physical criteria to know the degree of vulnerability of the city, the southern border of Babol city is more vulnerable due to its closer proximity to the faults of the region, older buildings (average 30 years), high degree of enclosure and occupation level higher than the standard occupation level. compared to other parts of the city. According to the result of the Chi-square test, the accessibility index with an average of 3.71 has the most impact and the social index with an average of 2.71 has the least impact in locating the safe spots of Babol city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Geomorphic features of the November 2017 earthquake in Sarpol-e Zahab- Ezgele
Ali Rezapoor Iraj JabariThe 7/3 Richter earthquake of November 2016 in Sarpol Zahab, in addition to the loss of life and property, left many geomorphic effects. In this research, an attempt is made to identify the complications and evaluate the volume of these changes. First, based on the topo MoreThe 7/3 Richter earthquake of November 2016 in Sarpol Zahab, in addition to the loss of life and property, left many geomorphic effects. In this research, an attempt is made to identify the complications and evaluate the volume of these changes. First, based on the topography, the study area was divided into two parts: mountains and plains, and then the geomorphic effects caused by the earthquake were identified and investigated using aerial photos and satellite images and field visits. Then, the map of the Geological and Mineral Exploration Organization of the country was digitized using the ARC GIS software, and the slope map was prepared from the digital elevation model in the ARC GIS software. These data were used to better display the effect of faults, terrain, formations, domain instabilities and the cause of geomorphic effects caused by earthquakes. The results showed that the presence of resistant layers of Asmari limestone on the Aghajari, Marni and Gachsaran sandstone formations and the weakness and erodibility of these formations cause many geomorphological effects caused by earthquakes such as slope instabilities (Landslides, rockfalls, Deposit flows), ruptures, liquefaction, fluctuations of the underground water level. In addition to the identification of geomorphological effects caused by earthquakes, their location and location in relation to other geological factors were mapped and the role of geomorphological effects in creating secondary hazards and the comparison of these effects in two topographical units of mountains and plains were investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Zoning and prioritizing the context of the 6th area of Kerman city against earthquakes using remote sensing techniques
Maryam Nohe sara Malihe Zakerian S.Ali Almodaresi mostafa khabazi Mohamad Hossain SaraiToday, the vulnerability of cities and especially old and worn-out structures against earthquakes is an important issue for environmental risk experts. The city of Kerman, due to its location in the tectonic zone of central Iran and having large and deep faults and frac MoreToday, the vulnerability of cities and especially old and worn-out structures against earthquakes is an important issue for environmental risk experts. The city of Kerman, due to its location in the tectonic zone of central Iran and having large and deep faults and fractures from a geological point of view, can be the source of huge crises, severe losses and casualties; Therefore, in this research, first, by using ASTER satellite images of 2007, the worn-out tissues of Kerman city were identified using SVM. In this study, the kappa coefficient of 76% was determined for all classes, and the kappa coefficient of 59% of the worn-out tissue was determined. The city of Kerman was identified. The results showed that the support vector machine classification method has the ability to detect nearly 75% of the worn-out fabric of the area, and the SVM method has worked very well in identifying the six areas of worn-out urban fabric. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Vulnerability factor of Tabriz metropolitan against earthquake risk assessment and estimation of casualties
Mussa Abedini Nader SarmastiDue to population growth and increasing urbanization, the earthquake could cause heavy casualties and urban development will be interrupted. The main objective of this study is to assessment the vulnerability of Tabriz against earthquake with weighted overlap and use of MoreDue to population growth and increasing urbanization, the earthquake could cause heavy casualties and urban development will be interrupted. The main objective of this study is to assessment the vulnerability of Tabriz against earthquake with weighted overlap and use of natural and human factors. Also, casualties are modeling against earthquake the use of GIS analysis and presentation of scenario earthquake severity of the damage to buildings. The results of this study indicate that the risk of Tabriz earthquake is not a good situation and much of the densely populated northern and central parts of the city, especially in areas with high vulnerability. Assuming earthquake seismic activity fault scenario according to Tabriz, the total population of 1605884 people in Tabriz (Census 1390) to approximately 1252589 casualties were estimated at night including 658412 people dead, 594177 people injured. Based on the results, the approximate number of 626294 casualties was estimated at day including 329206 people dead and 297088 people injured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Modeling of displacement field and fault failure behavior based on collocation relationships; Case study of the May 97 Yasuj earthquake
Abdoulrasol GhanbariThe energy released during the rapid movement of the fault is the cause of most earthquakes. In our country, which has active faults and many seismic areas, recognizing the fault movements of the results of these movements is of special importance. In this study, using MoreThe energy released during the rapid movement of the fault is the cause of most earthquakes. In our country, which has active faults and many seismic areas, recognizing the fault movements of the results of these movements is of special importance. In this study, using up and down images of Sentinel-1 satellite and using multi-diaphragm radar interferometry techniques and ordinary radar interferometer, the 1397 Yasuj earthquake was studied and an isothermal deformation was prepared in both directions of the satellite line of sight and the azimuth path; And three orthogonal components of the displacement field were extracted using geodetic measurements. Then, in order to obtain the fault geometry and slip distribution on the fault plane, these components were analyzed using collocation optimization method and Akada elastic half-space analytical model. The displacements made due to the displacement of the fault due to the Yasuj earthquake in the study area show that the geological structure of the area after the earthquake has changed from its structure before the earthquake from -80 to -20 cm. Elements of surface displacement components obtained from the model, amount of displacements for Yasuj fault in the study area, the farther the distance from the fault across the Zagros, the less and less displacements, and the closer the adjacent faults, the displacements increase, the maximum altitude displacements for The image frame is equal to 0.45 to -0.45 m and the maximum amount of horizontal displacement is about 18 cm, which is more as it moves from the fault to the plain areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Evaluation of Vulnerable Urban Areas, in Terms of Defence Aspect Case Study: Ten Regional of Tehran
Mohsen Ranjbar Maryam Hamzeh NeyestaniRoad networks, one of the most important elements in increasing or decreasing the vulnerability of a city. Number of access routes to reduce vulnerability and losses will have a significant impact This study is based on the use of existing data on Urban vulnerability fr MoreRoad networks, one of the most important elements in increasing or decreasing the vulnerability of a city. Number of access routes to reduce vulnerability and losses will have a significant impact This study is based on the use of existing data on Urban vulnerability from the perspective of Ten regional of Tehran defence aspect in relation to the inquiry into the appropriateness of the level of vulnerability of urban street network hierarchy associated with the earthquake should view defence aspect.Data collection method mainly due to the type of library and field research (interview) also been used. In this paper, a method to evaluate the compliance matrix with spatially ten Region of Tehran Municipality has been using the principles of defence aspect. The results indicate non-compliance defence aspect in the ten regional of Tehran. Thus we can take preventive measures before the financial crisis to reduce the damage and the most important thoroughfares of the city, where the death toll is higher than the rest of the city did Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - پهنهبندی آسیبپذیری ناشی از زلزله با استفاده از منطق فازی در GIS مطالعه موردی شهر لار
افشین جعفرنیا Ahmadali Khorrambakht قنبری قنبریهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری بخشهای مختلف شهر لار در اثر زلزله میباشد در این پژوهش ابتدا با تهیه نقشهها مختلف از عوامل مؤثر در آسیبپذیری زلزله همچون محل گسلها، فاصله از خدماتی همچون ایستگاههای آتشنشانی، بیمارستانها و مراکز درمانی، کاربریها نظامی و ا Moreهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری بخشهای مختلف شهر لار در اثر زلزله میباشد در این پژوهش ابتدا با تهیه نقشهها مختلف از عوامل مؤثر در آسیبپذیری زلزله همچون محل گسلها، فاصله از خدماتی همچون ایستگاههای آتشنشانی، بیمارستانها و مراکز درمانی، کاربریها نظامی و انتظامی، تراکم، کیفیت ابنیه و ... نقشههای مذکور پس از رقومی سازی و زمین مرجع نمودن در نرمافزار GIS نسبت به فازی سازی آنها اقدام شده و درنهایت از روش همپوشانی لایهها توسط اپراتور گامای فازی نقشه طبقهبندیشده آسیبپذیری تهیه شد، این پژوهش شهر لار را به پنج طبقه آسیبپذیری تقسیمبندی نموده است، که در حدود 29 درصد از مساحت ساختهشده شهر لار در معرض آسیبپذیری بسیار زیاد تا زیاد قرار دارد، حدود 17 درصد در شرایط متوسط آسیبپذیری و حدود 54 درصد نیز در محدوده آسیبپذیری کم تا بسیار کم قرار میگیرند. همچنین مشخص گردید که هسته مرکزی شهر قدیم لار با توجه به قرارگیری آن در بافت فرسوده و نبود راههای شریانی همچنین دوری از ایستگاههای آتشنشانی، درمانگاه و بیمارستان همچنین تراکم بالای ساختمانها و کیفیت پایین ابنیه از آسیبپذیرترین نقاط این شهر میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The use of Aster satellite images and SVM technique in zoning and prioritizing the urban context against the earthquakes (case study of the 5 nd area of Kerman city)
Maryam Nohe sara Malihe Zakeriyan Seyad Ali Almodaresi Mostafa Khabazi Mohamad Hosin Sarai Iran is one of the ten earthquake-prone countries and the sixth earthquake-prone country in the world. The city of Kerman, as the center of the country's largest province, is no exception to this rule, with a lot of worn-out urban fabric. The city of Kerman is loc More Iran is one of the ten earthquake-prone countries and the sixth earthquake-prone country in the world. The city of Kerman, as the center of the country's largest province, is no exception to this rule, with a lot of worn-out urban fabric. The city of Kerman is located on the northern edge of the Kerman Plain as a thrust subduction (graben) along with numerous faults on the border between the mountains and the plain and the areas near the city, some of which can cause earthquakes even stronger than 7. Richter. The worn-out urban texture has also added to it. Today, the vulnerability of cities to earthquakes has become an important issue for environmental risk experts. In this research, using ASTER satellite images of 2007, the worn-out textures of Kerman city were identified using SVM. In this study, the kappa coefficient of 76% was determined for all classes and the kappa coefficient of 59% was identified in Kerman. The results showed that the support vector machine classification method has the ability to detect nearly 45% of the worn tissue of the area. This identification showed that the support vector machine method could not work very well in identifying the area of five worn-out urban fabrics. As a result, the heritage of the area was identified with the control points in the worn-out fabric by field investigation and matching Google images. Due to the existence of many barren lands in this area and the spectral similarity of the barren land with worn-out texture, the support vector machine method could not provide proper identification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluation of Ahar city's physical vulnerability against earthquake crisis
هوشنگ سرور امیر کاشانی اصلAlong with explosive growth of cities and complication of inner-city processes, the number of crisis and urban complication increases and as a consequence vulnerability increases too. Considering that the man is in the center of the vulnerability and encounter with cris MoreAlong with explosive growth of cities and complication of inner-city processes, the number of crisis and urban complication increases and as a consequence vulnerability increases too. Considering that the man is in the center of the vulnerability and encounter with crisis, and also urban spaces contain most of the population, noticing these spaces is of urgent importance. In this respect, making policies to reduce vulnerability of urban spaces against natural disasters, considering their accidental nature and the necessity of adopting right decisions and development of human knowledge and technology, analysis of vulnerable areas in cities are essential to present a vivid picture of consequences of disasters. The analysis and planning is the most effective and perhaps the best choice of management and urban planners to counter natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Thus, considering vulnerability of Ahar city because of its geographical position, the aim of the present study is to investigate and evaluate vulnerability of Ahar urban spaces in facing earthquake crisis. The study is applied and descriptive-analytic method was used. To measure the vulnerability of urban spaces against earthquake, 15 scales were used in three constructive, planning, and natural types. Having measured scale’s weight using multivariate analysis, the study tried to use AHP model . The results of the study showed that 30% of urban spaces made in Ahar city to counter earthquake, are increasingly vulnerable to it and they lack structural framework to manage earthquake crisis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Earthquake hazard zoning using Geographical Information System (Case Study: Tabriz metropolis)
حجت اله پاشاپور Ramin Gorbani Ebrahim Farhadi abbas doorudiniaIran is one of the most vulnerable countries in the field of natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Being placed on the Alpine - Himalayan orogeny belt and the presence of active geologic and plateau have all made the earthquake as a potential danger. Meanwhile, sin MoreIran is one of the most vulnerable countries in the field of natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Being placed on the Alpine - Himalayan orogeny belt and the presence of active geologic and plateau have all made the earthquake as a potential danger. Meanwhile, since most of Iran's population live in metropolitan areas, this fact has raised the need for safer urban spaces. One of the most important urban spaces in this regard is Tabriz. The location of this city on the active faults of the region, especially the Tabriz fault, calls for the adoption of urban safety approaches. This article in terms of target is applied and the method is a descriptive - analytical one. To conduct this research, the hierarchy analysis process and Arc GIS software have been used. In this regard, 12 criteria were identified and processed in both natural and human sections and an earthquake risk map was prepared. In this regard, 12 criteria were processed in two distinct natural and human sections and an earthquake risk map was prepared. The results showed that the central, west, and southwestern regions with an area of 13969.6 hectares (more than the half city's area), 59.3 percent of the city, are in high risk of seismic zone and are quite susceptible to earthquakes. Only the northern parts of the city are secured from the earthquake; but considering the fact that the depth and domain of the earthquake are not limited to a specific area, the earthquake in the northern city may occur too. Therefore, the commitment to construction regulations, location of urban development, living spaces, and activities in this metropolis are all important factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Assessment of Residential Buildings' Physical Vulnerability against Earthquake (A Case Study of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran)
ferial ahmadi Alireza EskandarinejadEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Compre MoreEarthquake damage assessment of residential buildings of Sari is the main goal of the present research. Through a descriptive-analytic method, first, building information such as structure type, year of construction, and number of stories are taken from the Urban Comprehensive Plan of Sari. Using these data, damage degree of each building class is computed for all zones of Sari’s regions using results obtained by the seismic hazard analysis of Sari along with taking into account the proper vulnerability curves. The obtained results showed that the percentages of the adobe and cinder block types of Sari residential buildings were 63, 66, 72, and 67 percent for Sari districts 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, which would be totally destroyed. Moreover, the least damage degrees were predicted for steel structures along with concrete ones with more than five stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Unstable Urban Locations against Earthquake (A Case Study: Worn-out Texture of Khorramabad)
Saeed Aman pour mohamad ali firuzi mohamad hosin shakarami Iran is frequently faced with earthquakes due to its location on the earthquake-prone belt of the world. Consequently, the city of Khorramabad is no exception to this rule and due to the existence of major and active faults in the region is in the high seismic haz More Iran is frequently faced with earthquakes due to its location on the earthquake-prone belt of the world. Consequently, the city of Khorramabad is no exception to this rule and due to the existence of major and active faults in the region is in the high seismic hazard zone. Lack of roads, weak infrastructure, has changed the areas vulnerable to natural and man-made accidents.The main objective of this study was to investigate and analyze the elements influencing the rate of instability of worn-out tissues in order to increase the safety of the tissues to enhance the conditions of residence and its sustainable development. The nature of research is theoretical-applied and the type of study is a descriptive-analytical one. Therefore, in this study, the degree of vulnerability and instability of the worn-out tissue of Khorramabad against earthquakes has been investigated and with a holistic view of social, economic, physical indicators, emergency services, and seismicity. The AHP model has been used and the degree of instability of these indicators has been prioritized and analyzed. The results show that in most of the studied indicators, especially in the field of physical indicators such as occupancy level, part size, building materials, building age, access status, access to emergency services, the worn-out tissue of Khorramabad is vulnerable and unstable and does not have the necessary efficiency against a possible crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Identifying the Components Affecting the Increase of Urban Economic and Social Resilience while Facing with Earthquake Crisis (A Case Study of Boroujerd)
ali amiri hosein zareei mandana masoudy rad hosein hataminejadResilience is one of the most effective ways in achieving sustainability at the time of earthquakes. So it can be used as a way to strengthen the communities. This study aims to identify the effective dimensions in increasing urban resilience while confronting with eart MoreResilience is one of the most effective ways in achieving sustainability at the time of earthquakes. So it can be used as a way to strengthen the communities. This study aims to identify the effective dimensions in increasing urban resilience while confronting with earthquake crisis in Boroujerd. The research method is descriptive-analytical. We used a questionnaire to obtain the necessary data. The sample size was 330 based on Cochran's formula. We analyzed the data by a single-sample T-test, multiple regression analysis models, and an independent t-test. The findings show that among the sub-indices related to the dimensions of social resilience, the sub-index of access to welfare facilities has the lowest average (3.02) and the social capital sub-index has the highest average (3.49). Also, among the sub-indices related to economic resilience, the sub-indicator of the ability to compensate for damage has the lowest average of 2.83 and the ability to return to suitable conditions has the highest average (3.97). The results of the regression analysis are also significant due to the high level of F (91.03) and the significance level below 0.05%. Also, the T results of two independent samples for comparing the opinions of experts and people about the dimensions of social resilience indicate that there is no difference between the opinions of these two groups. However, regarding some economic sub-variables (the amount or severity of damage, the ability to compensate) and the general component of the economic resilience dimension, the opinions of experts and people are different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Identifying Safe Spots Against Earthquakes With A Passive Defense Approach In The Direction Of Sustainable Social Development (Case Study: Babol City(
Seyed Mustafa Hashemi Karoui sadroddin motevalli Gholamreza Janbaz Ghobadi Jalal Azimi Amoli,Iran is a land with a relatively high risk of earthquakes. Therefore, locating safe points against earthquakes based on spatial and non-spatial capabilities of a land is inevitable. The current research has been carried out with the aim of planning and locating safe and MoreIran is a land with a relatively high risk of earthquakes. Therefore, locating safe points against earthquakes based on spatial and non-spatial capabilities of a land is inevitable. The current research has been carried out with the aim of planning and locating safe and suitable places against earthquakes in Babol city, so that human and financial losses caused by earthquakes can be reduced as much as possible.This research is based on the practical purpose and on the basis of descriptive-analytical and field nature, the information of which has been collected using library and field methods and various tools such as data sheets, questionnaires, GPS, etc. and finally analyzed using ARC GIS software.The results of the research show that the parts of Babol city that have enough open spaces and at the same time are compatible with the uses around them, have a relatively better potential for settling the victims. By combining different layers of effective uses, the final map of optimal spaces for building urban shelters are divided into five categories from very good to very poor. Based on the findings, to determine the safest places, green spaces and parks, barren lands, schools, universities, sports fields have gained the most points for temporary accommodation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Assessing and Evaluating the Vulnerability of Buildings against Earthquakes (A Case of Marand)
Ebrahim Taghavi rasul samadzadeh mohamad taghi masomiThe location of most of the cities in the boundaries of active faults has increased the vulnerability of urban buildings to earthquakes. The city of Marand is located within 15 kilometers of the active fault line of Azerbaijan in earthquake zoning. The presence of margi MoreThe location of most of the cities in the boundaries of active faults has increased the vulnerability of urban buildings to earthquakes. The city of Marand is located within 15 kilometers of the active fault line of Azerbaijan in earthquake zoning. The presence of marginal and worn-out tissues will cause double damage to these tissues against earthquakes. The present research has investigated and analyzed the earthquake risk in the human settlements of Marand using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population of this research is the worn-out tissues of Marand. In order to assess the earthquake risk in the study area, first the earthquake risk assessment model was presented in the worn-out context of Marand, and then by weighting the indicators using the opinion of urban science experts and information processing in the geographical information system environment, through the model weighted overlap, vulnerability zoning map of worn out fabric of Marand was extracted. Building quality indicators, building age, structure type, distance from roads, facade type, building density, and population density have been used to evaluate the vulnerability of worn-out fabric. According to the maps derived from the weighted overlay model, 40% of the worn-out fabric area of Marand with an area of 372,958 square meters (37.2 hectares) is exposed to very high and high vulnerability to earthquakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Evaluation of urban crisis management (Case study: Sarpol-e-Zahab earthquake in 2016)
payman karimi Abbas MalekHoseiniEarthquake is always one of the most important Hazardsin the country, which imposes a lot of human and financial losses annually. The results showed that the most important strengths of crisis management include the assistance of non-governmental organizations with a we MoreEarthquake is always one of the most important Hazardsin the country, which imposes a lot of human and financial losses annually. The results showed that the most important strengths of crisis management include the assistance of non-governmental organizations with a weight of 0.883 and the participation of citizens with problems weighing 0.846. Also, the most important weaknesses were the lack of integrated urban management with a weight of 0.929, the lack of sufficient operational force to respond to the earthquake with a weight of 0.923 and the low awareness and knowledge of the people in the face of crisis with a weight of 0.901. At the level of opportunities, the allocation of financial resources to worn-out fabric with a weight of 0.883 and continuous monitoring of the full implementation of the building regulations with a weight of 0.863 and in the field of threats, the reduction of the motivation and interest of volunteer and public forces with a weight of 0.899, and The prevalence and increase of urban crimes with a weight of 0.853 have been ranked first and second. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Evaluation of Effective Variations on Urban Housings Vulnerability against Earthquake (Case Study: Borojerd City)
Safar GhaedRahmati Amir Gandomkar Amir khoshkalampourThe occurrence of earthquake has caused a lot of damages to urban houses which is due to ignoring basic factors on housings vulnerability against earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to study and analysis of effective variations and determine the role MoreThe occurrence of earthquake has caused a lot of damages to urban houses which is due to ignoring basic factors on housings vulnerability against earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to study and analysis of effective variations and determine the role of them in order to reduce vulnerability .In this research with taking consideration of effective variations such as; quality of buildings, age of building, kind of construction materials, accumulation of population and density, surface occupation of building along with other effective factors, their correlation has been investigated by the use of SPSS software. Findings of this research indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between vulnerability variations and other mentioned variations. Furthermore, in regression analysis, the amount of quality variations in comparison to other variations has been shown to weigh more; therefore, it has much more role in vulnerability. Consequently, the other variables such as the kind of building materials, oldness of the building, surface occupation of the building, and the accumulation of population have been located in the next level of weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Comparison of exploitation criteria and acceleration of diagrid steel structures with tube system based on wind dynamic analysis
mehdi hooshmand Hassan Haji Kazemi Seyed Alireza ZareeiConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in high-rise buildings, it seems necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. The purpose of this research is to compare the comfort MoreConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in high-rise buildings, it seems necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. The purpose of this research is to compare the comfort criterion based on acceleration in the diagrid system with the tube system. For this purpose, the effect of various parameters such as the acceleration of floors and base shear under dynamic wind load has been evaluated. It is expected that the performance of the diagonal network will be evaluated with a more detailed understanding of the diagonal network in tall structures and the evaluation of the performance and comfort criteria based on the acceleration against the wind load using the dynamic analysis of time history using Cholsky, ergodic and AP methods. Investigations show that the acceleration of the diagrid system floors, based on the ASCE7 wind dynamic response prediction equations, has exceeded the permissible limit of the ASCE 7 regulation of milli-g20. This article is due to the overestimation of ASCE 7 equations compared to the results of wind time history analysis. So, in the 50-story structure, the maximum acceleration of the roof obtained from the ASCE equation is 71.83 times the results of the dynamic analysis of wind time history, and in the 70-story structure, it is 2 times, and in the 100-story structure, it is 1.87 times the results of the dynamic analysis of the wind time history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Seismic Performance Investigation of Buckling Restrained Braces with Parallel Yielding Double Core
Kourosh Mehdizadeh Abbasali Sadeghi Seyede Vahide HashemiThe buildings equipped with buckling restrained brace (BRB) are earthquake resistant structures that have two properties of high lateral stiffness and ability to absorb and dissipate energy at the same time In this study, a parallel double core mechanism with the same c MoreThe buildings equipped with buckling restrained brace (BRB) are earthquake resistant structures that have two properties of high lateral stiffness and ability to absorb and dissipate energy at the same time In this study, a parallel double core mechanism with the same core length and with different yielding stress was used to investigate the seismic performance of buckling restrained brace of single core and double core. Therefore, in this research, three 3-dimensional 3, 6 and 9-story buildings equipped with concentric buckling restrained braces were designed according to AISC-LRFD Code along with the controlling of the seismic criteria based on standard 2800 version 4th in ETABS 2017 software. Then, the two dimensional perimeter frames equipped with buckling restrained brace were modeled in SeismoStruct 2018 software in two states of single core and double core. In order to investigate the behavior of these structures, the adaptive pushover nonlinear static analysis and time history nonlinear dynamic analysis were performed under three far fault earthquakes. The results presented that the use of a parallel yielding double core increased the elastic stiffness of the structures but does not cause a noticeable change in the lateral strength of the prototypes. Also under applied earthquakes, the hysteresis curves were obtained and these figures showed that the use of a parallel double core increased the earthquake energy dissipation. In general, the use of the double core buckling restrained brace reduced seismic responses such as roof displacement, roof acceleration, drift and base shear by approximately 20%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigation of the Base Isolation in Improving the Behavior of Steel Buildings subjected to Earthquakes applied with Different Angles
Kourosh Mehdizadeh Seyede Vahide Hashemi Abbasali Sadeghi gholamreza shobeyriiSeismic isolation is an earthquake resistant design method based on reducing seismic demand instead of increasing structural capacity. With regard to the multiplicity of studies conducted to investigate the seismic behaviour of isolators under the effect of earthquakes, MoreSeismic isolation is an earthquake resistant design method based on reducing seismic demand instead of increasing structural capacity. With regard to the multiplicity of studies conducted to investigate the seismic behaviour of isolators under the effect of earthquakes, in this study, role of the base isolator in improving the behaviour of steel structures under the influence of earthquakes with different angles was investigated along with considering the effect of structural height and plan shape. In the present study, steel structures with and without Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) base isolator are modelled in 3D with 8 and 12 stories and square and rectangular plans. The seismic performance of these buildings has been reviewed and compared according to 4 pairs of near-fault earthquake records (8 records) with angles (0°, 30°, 60° and 90°) based on FEMA P695 instruction under the nonlinear dynamic time history analyses in SAP2000 software. The results showed that steel structures at angles of 60 and 90º had larger and more critical seismic responses. Based on results, the effect of seismic isolator on reducing the seismic responses of buildings at angles of 0 and 30º was low, while at the angles of 60 and 90º was more significant. The use of separators had a great impact on improving the performance and seismic responses of structures. The results also presented that in most records, the height of the structure was more effective than the plan shape regarding the seismic responses of the isolated structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A Study of the (Behavior of the) Isolated Bridges Using Elastomeric Isolaters Located Near the Faults
Rasol Bageri majid bargiyanABSTRACT The present paper is a study of the (Behavior of the) elastomeric bearing isolated bridges located near the faults. The earthquakes near the faults have high frequency and narrow bandwidth. Such characteristics cause the st MoreABSTRACT The present paper is a study of the (Behavior of the) elastomeric bearing isolated bridges located near the faults. The earthquakes near the faults have high frequency and narrow bandwidth. Such characteristics cause the strikingly high energy released due to production acceleration happening at the initial stage of the earthquakes to be imposed on the system. The present research undertakes to study the effects of the forces resulted by such type of earthquakes on the bridges. For this purpose, a three span highway bridge being of 60 meters length, for which were applied three types of lead rubber isolators in pursuant to the regulation envisaged in ASHTO standard, was designed. Using SAP2000, a 10.1 version was designed and the same was modeled in base-isolated and non-isolated modes. Considering the effect of three seismic recorders near the fault along longitudinal and latitudinal directions as well as in (YZ and XZ) directions, a nonlinear time history analysis was performed. The study of the behavior and load shift curves of the lead rubber isolators showed that initial strains and yield strength of such isolators cause significant reduction of base shear and bending moment in the bridge under study. Furthermore, simultaneous considering of the vertical and horizontal component of the earthquake in X and Y directions in the analysis showed increase compress or tension forces in column. These results show the shortcomings of the provisions recommended by, as instance, NEHRP and IBC about the isolated bridges in not considering the vertical effect of the earthquake. Such an effect should be taken into consideration as is the case with the non-isolated bridges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Effect of Earthquake Vertical Component on Structures with Mass and Stiffness Irregularities in Height
Masoud Jahanpanah Hossein SohrabzadehThe earthquake vertical component and its influence on the analysis of buildings have long been considered by researchers and design engineers. However, so far, the considerations resulting from the effect of the vertical component of the earthquake in the design of bui MoreThe earthquake vertical component and its influence on the analysis of buildings have long been considered by researchers and design engineers. However, so far, the considerations resulting from the effect of the vertical component of the earthquake in the design of buildings (unless partially in beams) with irregular mass and stiffness in height have not been studied. For this reason, this research is important in order to answer the question regarding impact of earthquake vertical component on buildings, which have irregularity in mass and stiffness in the height. So far, most of the research about the buildings with mass and hardness irregularities in the height has been studied only with respect to the influence of earthquake with horizontal component. However, the 2800 standard does not comprehensively predict the effect of the vertical seismic component on seismic loading, and the only effect of the vertical seismic component according to the 2800 standard is significant for the earthquake prone areas, cantilever beams, beams with a span of more than fifteen meters and beams with remarkable concentrated vertical load. According to the above cases to investigate the influence of seismic vertical component in the buildings with mass and hardness irregularity in the height, three 10-floor structures with steel curving frames, each in a different form on sixth floor, with mass and hardness irregularity, were analyzed. This irregularity is observed in standard 2800 boundary. The structures are then subjected to nonlinear dynamic analysis under five earthquake groups with PGA (Earth Acceleration Peak) values of 0.2g, 0.35g, 0.5g, 0.65g and 0.8g. It should be noted that each group has seven earthquakes that have three accelerometers (two horizontal components and one vertical component). Then, the maximum results of each earthquake are obtained and these results are averaged for each separate group and the obtained result is considered as the final result. The results of nonlinear dynamic analysis presented that through the interference of the vertical seismic component, the amount of drift ratio in the floor containing mass and stiffness irregularity, increased by about 5 to 25 percent and the amount of axial force of the column increased by about 5 to 30 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Heat Effect of Composite Deck Behavior Railroad Bridges (Case Study: Part Two, railroad Project of Meyaneh-Bostanabad-Tabriz)
alireza saeedi ahmad malekiThe large bridges of the new Meyaneh - Tabriz Railroad are located in a region with a high risk of a large earthquake and a slope of sloping soils, which are susceptible to landslides. Depending on the user's specific circumstances, it is simply not possible to identify MoreThe large bridges of the new Meyaneh - Tabriz Railroad are located in a region with a high risk of a large earthquake and a slope of sloping soils, which are susceptible to landslides. Depending on the user's specific circumstances, it is simply not possible to identify malicious factors and prevent progressive failures. Regarding the daily and seasonal temperature variation cycles, imposing irreparable damage due to the creation of thermal expansion barriers between the shell and the deck is likely to occur accidentally or deliberately in the structure. Therefore, in order to detect the thermal behavior of the bridge and prevent potential destructive factors, the bridge was investigated using the CSI Bridge software and the results of the heat changes were analyzed. The results show that with increasing temperature gradually, stress, axial, shear and anchor forces increase to 60 ° C uniformly. With temperature reaching 65 ° C, the stress caused by heat changes increased by 17.7%. Applying a temperature of 800 ° C in the middle span with a sharp change in the axial and shear forces of 9833 tons and flexural anchorage of 2074 tons per meter and a displacement of 24.34 cm. were calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Estimation of Behavior Coefficient of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) under Near-fault Pulse-type Earthquakes using Particle Swarm algorithm
Seyed Abdonnabi Razavi Navid Siahpolo Mehdi Mahdavi AdeliElastic analysis of structures creates basic shearing forces and stresses that are significantly larger than the actual responses of the structures. By entering the inelastic domain, the structure can absorb and resist a large amount of earthquake energy. On the other h MoreElastic analysis of structures creates basic shearing forces and stresses that are significantly larger than the actual responses of the structures. By entering the inelastic domain, the structure can absorb and resist a large amount of earthquake energy. On the other hand, nonlinear analysis of structures requires time-consuming and voluminous computational operations, so in most of the codes, a simple and appropriate method called equivalent static method is presented to achieve a reasonable answer to the nonlinear behavior of the structure (without performing a nonlinear analysis). Therefore, due to the importance of ductility in the absorption of seismic energy, the computational forces caused by the earthquake are reduced by introducing the coefficient of structural behavior, R. In this paper, an extensive database consisting of 12,960 eccentrically braced frame (EBF) structures with varying story numbers of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20, three types of column stiffness and three degrees of bracing slenderness was designed and analyzed under 20 near-faults pulse-like earthquakes. To generate the estimated relation R, 6769 data were interpreted using particle swarm algorithm. The results of a correlation of 0.86 in the test data presented the accuracy of the proposed relation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Evaluation of the Seismic Performance of Rocking Motions and its Effects on the Controlling Provisions of Special Steel Moment-resisting Systems Dual with CBF Bracing
Ali Parvari Ehsan AziziIn this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) structures were considered in area with high seismically hazard and soil type II according to Iranian's 2800 code provision. Structures are residential use and have regularity in plane MoreIn this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) structures were considered in area with high seismically hazard and soil type II according to Iranian's 2800 code provision. Structures are residential use and have regularity in plane and vertical distribution. Structures were modeled using Sap 2000 software to investigate the effect of self-centering ‎motion under seven near-field earthquakes. All models assumed with and without dual system controlling provisions. The results of this research indicate that without dual system provisions, considering the self-centering ‎motion in ‎4-, 8-, and 12-Story SCBFs‎ reduces base shear of structures in contrast with increasing deformation of top floor and column axial force. In average, the self-centering ‎motion‎ dissipate energy more than fixed base one. With controlling dual system provisions, considering the self-centering ‎motion in ‎4-, 8-, and 12-Story ‎SCBFs‎ reduces base shear of structures, whereas increases deformation of top floor ‎and column axial force. Moreover, in this case of study, energy dissipation are more than with controlling ‎one. Considering the self-centering ‎motion in ‎8-, and 12-Story ‎SCBFs‎ reduces base shear of ‎structures and top floor deformations, meanwhile column axial force‎ was increased. It can be seen that in ‎4-, and 12-Story ‎SCBFs considering code provisions had a better results, whereas in ‎8-Story ‎SCBFs ‎neglecting code provisions was accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Evaluating the seismic performance of steel-sma hybrid Bracing structures
mohammad hooshmand behzad rafezi jafar khalileAlafiIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El MoreIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El Centro earthquake records, with the maximum acceleration of 0.6g and 0.9g. Our results showed that the seismic performance, i.e., the amount of energy absorption and residual strain, of steel–SMA hybrid braces depends on the SMA content. The optimal value of SMA content was 20%, as, at this concentration, a hybrid brace can be designed with good seismic performance at a justifiable fabrication cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A Survey of structural behavior and Stability of Davazdah Emam Dome in Yazd Against Earthquake
Mostafa AttarAbassi saied hematzadeh gorban mahbobiThis paper aims to analyze the sustainability and vulnerability of Davazdah Emam Dome that is located in the historical context of Yazd city against to Earthquake. This dome dated back to Al-Muzaffar era (429 A.H.) and it is the oldest monument with inscription in Yazd. MoreThis paper aims to analyze the sustainability and vulnerability of Davazdah Emam Dome that is located in the historical context of Yazd city against to Earthquake. This dome dated back to Al-Muzaffar era (429 A.H.) and it is the oldest monument with inscription in Yazd. Baked bricks and traditional materials are used to build this dome. In this paper a 3D modeling of dome was made in AutoCAD and carried out its structural analysis in Ansys software. After its structural analysis under own weight and modal analysis and earthquake analysis (Naghan area), we surveys the results and identify the vulnerable and sensitive areas of dome with lowest cost and in a short time. Also the structural characteristics of dome are specified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Extension of Genetic Algorithm Relationships for Estimating the Global Ductility of EBFs under Near-fault Pulse-type Earthquake
Seyed Abdonnabi Razavi Navid Siahpolo Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli Mohamad Bahmani Seyed Afshin Mohebi Bahram BarriDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important MoreDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important issue. In this paper, in order to take advantage of the strengths of the design method based on the performance and computational ease of force design methods, frames with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 floors have been considered. Then, a large database consisting of 12960 data was generated and designed with the purpose of 3 types of column stiffness and 3 degrees of bracing thinness and analyzed against 20 earthquakes near pulsed faults for 4 different performance levels. Finally, using the genetic algorithm, the experimental relationships corresponding to the coefficients of behavior, global ductility and link beam ductility are presented. The proposed relationships are influenced by geometric characteristics such as the number of floors, the stiffness ratio of the columns, the slenderness of the braces, the length of link beam, and the ductility levels. The results of seismic design using the proposed relationships on structures outside the range of the defined database, in comparison with the force methods, show the accuracy of this method in estimating the seismic needs of divergent bracing frames. It can be concluded that based on the production relations of the database, and the validation of the production relations, the results of the structural design by the resulting relations have an acceptable validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluation the Performance and Seismic Comparison of Steel Moment Dual Systems in Rocking Frames with CBF and EBF Bracing
Ali Parvari Arman BeglarIn recent years, considering vertical movement in structures, which is known as self-centering motion, is one of the methods used to dissipate the earthquake energy. In this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel structures with special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) an MoreIn recent years, considering vertical movement in structures, which is known as self-centering motion, is one of the methods used to dissipate the earthquake energy. In this study, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story steel structures with special concentrically braced frame (SCBFs) and eccentrically braced frames ‎(SEBFs) ‎were considered in order to investigate the effect of self-centering ‎motion under seven near-field earthquakes using Sap 2000 software. The results of this research indicate that considering the self-centering ‎motion, the behavior of structures are changing in SCBFs and SEBFs. In ‎, 4-, 8-, and 12-Story SEBFs structures with considering the self-centering ‎motion, the column and bracing ‎forces were increased which this was different with SCBFs ‎ structures. Considering the self-centering ‎motion, more plastic joints are formed in the beams. Therefore, in the self-centering ‎of the columns, the beams outside the bay are more affected. In general, the results indicate that the self-centering ‎motion is better in the SCBFs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Optimal intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand modeling of multi-span continuous concrete box girder bridges subjected to near-field earthquakes
Hoodean Malekzadeh Hassan Abbasi Mahmood Hooseini Armin Aziminejad Mohammadreza Adib RamezaniSeismic intensity measures (IMs) perform a pivotal role in probabilistic seismic demand modeling. Past studies investigated appropriate IMs for structures, including the vital component of the transportation system, the highway bridges. These studies were mainly focused MoreSeismic intensity measures (IMs) perform a pivotal role in probabilistic seismic demand modeling. Past studies investigated appropriate IMs for structures, including the vital component of the transportation system, the highway bridges. These studies were mainly focused on far-field earthquakes and did not consider the strong vertical component of ground motions in near-field earthquakes. In order to evaluate the optimal IMs for the multi-span continuous concrete box girder bridges subjected to near-field earthquakes, ten sample bridges were modeled and then subjected to three-component records of 164 near-field earthquakes applying the OpenSees software framework. In the present research, 5 engineering demand parameters considering the most critical response parameters related to columns and deck were selected, along with 24 intensity measures considering the horizontal and vertical components of ground motions. Base on the optimality investigation method, parameters such as efficiency, practicality, proficiency, sufficiency, and relative sufficiency were considered. In total, 8200 nonlinear time-history analyses were conducted. The results presented that the peak ground velocity of the horizontal component (PGVH), velocity spectrum intensity of the horizontal components(VSIH), and Housner intensity of horizontal components (HIH) were the optimal intensity measures, and vertical component of ground motions in near-field earthquakes should be considered in optimality investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Simplification of Earthquake Accelerograms for quick time history Analyses by Using Their Modified Fourier Inverse Transforms
Alireza Faroughi mahmood hossseiniThere are several cases in seismic design of structures in which the simplified seismic analysis code is not applicable. In such cases most codes recommend time history analysis, which is very time consuming, mainly since the time step size of the digitized accelerogram MoreThere are several cases in seismic design of structures in which the simplified seismic analysis code is not applicable. In such cases most codes recommend time history analysis, which is very time consuming, mainly since the time step size of the digitized accelerograms is usually very small. Therefore, if the time history analysis can be performed by large time steps without losing much precision, it would be very helpful. In the present study, a method is introduced for simplification of accelerograms based on the modification of their fourier analyses. For this purpose, at first the fourier spectrum of the accelerograms is calculated. Then, by using a computer program, created by the authors, a modified version of fourier spectrum is produced and then the corresponding inverse fourier transform is calculated using a relatively large time step, which is computed based on the all major earthquake frequencies (which is usually 5 to 10 times larger than the original accelerograms time step) in order to create the simplified accelerograms. It is obvious that time history analysis by using this simplified accelerograms will be much less time-consuming. Numerical results indicate that the maximum response values obtained by using the simplified accelerograms have approximately 5 to 10 percent error depending on the type of the structure and earthquake characteristics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The effect of Number and Position of Braced Frames on Failure Distribution and Column Behavior of the Dual Steel Structural System (MRF and EBF)
Alireza Faroughi Sajjad Mohammadi Abd-ol-Reza Sarvghad MoghaddamIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of b MoreIn the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of braced bays and especially in dual frames, has led to differences in the design forces of their adjacent members (columns). One of the seismic design requirements of lateral resisting system is to control the columns adjacent to braced bays for load combinations of intensified seismic load, which is a function of over-strength factor of the structure. This research aims to present and introduce the best structural model regarding the number and position of braced frames in a structural system, such as steel moment resisting frame and eccentric braces dual system. Though the intensified seismic load function is controlled in models which columns are connected to the braces in 2 directions, and seismic loads are applied in those 2 directions, the number of damaged hinges (Exceeding CP) is significantly increased in comparison with the models with straggly braces. Since the increase in axial force of these columns reduces their moment capacity (despite controlling the amplified seismic load provision), columns in dual systems that resist flexure, would be damaged and exceed the collapse threshold much sooner than other columns. Therefore, it is suggested that, like the publication 360, the control of these columns in an amplified earthquake should not be based solely on axial force, but on the interaction of forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Angular Earthquake Coefficient in Irregular Structures on Plan
Mohammad reza Bahari Alireza faroughi mohammad ghanoonibaghaToday is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In t MoreToday is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In this article first, Methods of calculation and factors affecting the behavior of factors are investigated. Then a number of steel structures with lateral load systems MRF and CBF, with the number of floors 3, 7 and 10 Irregular on the plan is evaluated. By performing a non-linear static analysis under the influence of lateral loads، Ductility and their coefficient of resistance in different angles Due to the limitation of local ductility in structural elements (Based on maximum drift) and finally the behavior coefficients (Given the values obtained from the analysis) will be counted. It is assumed that the angular behavior coefficients follow a rectangular rule so that the values of the angular behavior coefficient with the length of the line from the origin with the desired angle in a rectangle whose sides are the coefficient of behavior of the main structure of the structure is equal. Then, the values of the angular behavior coefficient obtained from this rule are compared with the values obtained from nonlinear static analysis. According to the results, it is also observed that the angular behavior coefficients obtained from this type of analysis are slightly higher than their values from the rectangular base, and follow this rule well. As well as structures at these angles relative to the main directions shows better behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigation of base shear in the steel structure with rotational friction damper influenced by the soil-structure interaction
Alireza Lork SAEED ABACHI Ali NikkhooRotational friction dampers (RFDs) have been proposed as one of the passive control tools in order to increase the seismic performance and lateral control of structures and the loss of input energy of earthquakes through friction in their rotating plates. Apply of MoreRotational friction dampers (RFDs) have been proposed as one of the passive control tools in order to increase the seismic performance and lateral control of structures and the loss of input energy of earthquakes through friction in their rotating plates. Apply of the rotational friction dampers will reduce shear stress and improve the dynamic response of the structures. In the nonlinear analysis and design of structures, the underlying soil is usually assumed to be rigid, if the flexibility effect of the structure bed is used, the dynamic characteristics of the structures will be different. Examining the behavior of structures by considering the effects of soil and structure interaction can give us a more accurate understanding of the behavior of structures, and this is while in most of the designed structures, the effects of soil stiffness and possible elevation of the foundation is not considered. In this article, a typical ten-story building is considered and in it, with type two hard soil and type three soft soil, the performance of the damper with different damping capacity and interaction effect was analyzed with SAP 2000 software. Shear stress in different floors of the structure was analyzed in four cases: with dampers and with the effect of soil interaction and with dampers without the effect of soil interaction, without dampers with the effect of soil interaction, and without dampers and without the effect of soil interaction. The graphs showed how much the rotational friction damper can be useful in reducing the shear in different floors of the building, taking into account the effect of soil and structure interaction. Three earthquake records were utilized for this research and at the end, the results were compared with each other. The results indicated that the use of rotational friction dampers reduced the shear in all cases and the analysis of the sliding load of the damper and the required capacity of the structure were also obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigation of seismic Fragility and collapse capacity of RC Moment Frames Considering the increase of stiffness of the column relative to the beam under far and near field earthquakes
siamak saboonchi ashkan khodabandehlouIn the present research, the seismic fragility and collapse capacity of concrete moment frames have been investigated by considering different ratios for the weak beam-strong column rule in the optimization process in the performance-based design framework. In order to MoreIn the present research, the seismic fragility and collapse capacity of concrete moment frames have been investigated by considering different ratios for the weak beam-strong column rule in the optimization process in the performance-based design framework. In order to implement performance-based optimization, the center of mass metaheuristic algorithm has been applied in this research. The philosophy of design approach based on performance and even traditional design methods allows the structure to suffer damage facing strong and relatively strong earthquakes. Therefore, in order to estimate the level of safety of the structure against earthquakes, it seems necessary to use quantitative indicators of seismic safety and the collapse capacity of the structure. In order to predict the collapse capacity of each optimal structure, using incremental dynamic analysis, the modified collapse safety margin ratio under far and near fault earthquakes has been calculated. Two examples, 3-span three and six floor frames have been studied in this research, which are designed in the performance-based optimization framework and considering the coefficients of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 to control the weak beam-strong column rule in the optimization process. The results indicate that increasing the rigidity of the column compared to the beam in this research actually affects the ductility of the structure, and by choosing structures with greater rigidity of the column compared to the beam, it leads to an increase in the collapse capacity and a decrease in the fragility of the structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Active Control of Structures Using Active Tendon Subjected to Near Field Earthquakes
Ahmad maleki rasool khodayari hosein yousefpourThis paper studies on active control of structures subjected to near field earthquakes. In order to evaluation of effects of earthquakes with different frequencies three steel structures of 4, 8 and 15 floors with different natural period have been desined using ETABS s MoreThis paper studies on active control of structures subjected to near field earthquakes. In order to evaluation of effects of earthquakes with different frequencies three steel structures of 4, 8 and 15 floors with different natural period have been desined using ETABS software based on allowable stress method then opensees software have been used for three dimentional modeling of structures. Considering the impact and frequency content complexity of new field earthquakes, these structures subseetes to new field earthquakes. The different softwares have been used to verify of structures modelling. In order to evaluation of frequency content of earthquake, all of records scaled to 0.6 g then applied to structures. Different dynamic analysis conducted using eleven near field earthquake records and then the results compared to non-controled model to indicate the effect of active tendons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Influence of geometric functions of frictional pendulum isolator with variable curvature under near-field earthquake
mahtab ferasatFrictional pendulum systems are one of the most widely used isolation systems. Frictional isolators are of the common type of the conventional isolators. Among this group, the frictional pendulum isolator has an important situation. Due to the advent of these systems in MoreFrictional pendulum systems are one of the most widely used isolation systems. Frictional isolators are of the common type of the conventional isolators. Among this group, the frictional pendulum isolator has an important situation. Due to the advent of these systems in recent years, no significant research has been carried out regarding the design and analysis of this type of isolator. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to fully study the behavior of frictional pendulum seismic isolators by examining this separator with variable curvature under near-field earthquake. In order to evaluate the seismic behavior of frictional pendulum separators with variable curvature, firstly, different geometric functions were selected for the non-spherical slip surface and the relationships required for their dynamic analysis were obtained. Then, a numerical model was presented to analyze the time history of the structure isolated by these isolators and the behavior of frictional pendulum isolators with variable curvature was simulated using MATLAB software. The results of this simulation for the three isolators including fourth order function (O4), sixth order function (O6) and FPS indicated that the frictional pendulum isolators perform better than FPS isolators. When structures are exposed to earthquakes with low intensity level (far-filed), the most suitable function to improve the optimal performance of an isolated structure is fourth order function and when the structure is subjected to severe earthquakes (near-filed), the sixth order function will perform well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Performance of Gaskar Historical Minaret against Natural Wind and Earthquake Hazards
Majid Pouraminian Elahe DidevarHistorical brick minarets are the main elements of Iranian architecture and exist throughout the country in diverse dimensions and heights. In this research, Gaskar brick minaret with a height of 16.12 meters has been modeled by the finite element software by APDL progr MoreHistorical brick minarets are the main elements of Iranian architecture and exist throughout the country in diverse dimensions and heights. In this research, Gaskar brick minaret with a height of 16.12 meters has been modeled by the finite element software by APDL programming and precise discretization, in order to achieve an accurate damage pattern. Then the demand for the both wind and earthquake loads is determined according to the national building codes and applied to the minaret structure. Macro-modeling has been utilized to model the masonry materials domain. Nonlinear properties are also assigned to masonry materials. The results presented that the minaret is safe against both of the design wind load (90km/h) and the fastest recorded wind in the world (205km/h). If up to 12 times the design wind load is applied to the windshield surface of the minaret, the nonlinear behavior of the building will begin. The minaret is also vulnerable to earthquakes and minor damage has occurred at the bottom of the minaret, indicating that the minaret is at risk of collapse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Seismic Hazard Analysis of Andimeshk Territory and Determination of its Seismic Vulnerability
Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli shahrokh tafiAs a key point in main roads and railways of country, Andimeshk city has always have strategic situation in Khuzestan province and even Iran. On the other hand, most evidences indicate that this city is located in seismic area and the incidence of a massive earthquake c MoreAs a key point in main roads and railways of country, Andimeshk city has always have strategic situation in Khuzestan province and even Iran. On the other hand, most evidences indicate that this city is located in seismic area and the incidence of a massive earthquake could impose huge losses on Iran economy. Considering this background, the aim of this study is to perform seismic hazard analysis in Andimeshk territory and precisely evaluate the vulnerability of the buildings and structures in this city. To this end, the extreme risk curve was obtained using probability analysis, then the buildings were investigated in four types in order to identify the vulnerability curves in three levels. By the combination of risk curve and vulnerability curves the rate of vulnerability of Andimeshk buildings can be evaluated quantitatively. The results of this study show that the seismic hazard level in Andimeshk city is relatively high and the base acceleration is equal to 0/325g and even more than the proposed rate in the standard 2800. Although there is no considerable concern regarding concrete buildings, the collapse of ancient and traditional buildings which are calculated 80 to 155 years is very challenging. In conclusion, the results indicate that a 20-year period might be suggested as a short chance to preserve the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Comparison among seismic design codes on near field effect
Mohammad Reza Tabeshpour Esmaeil KhosrojerdiRecorded earthquakes on near fields have special characteristics different from other usual records. Buildings placed near faults should be designed for the effects of such faults. Because of existing such faults in some cities in Iran such as Tehran and Tabriz, the eff MoreRecorded earthquakes on near fields have special characteristics different from other usual records. Buildings placed near faults should be designed for the effects of such faults. Because of existing such faults in some cities in Iran such as Tehran and Tabriz, the effect of them should be considered in seismic codes in Iran. In this paper a comparison among various seismic design codes has been carried out almost this effect leads to increase the base shear using a separate coefficient that implies to design spectrum. This coefficient is a combination and a function of distance and period being larger in more near distance and longer periods. This effect has been considered in seismic design codes in some countries such as Taiwan, New Zealand and United States. In this paper a brief review of some seismic design codes and the new version of the Iranian seismic code of practice is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Comparison of Exploitation Criteria and Acceleration of Long Diagrid Steel Structures with Environmental Frame System Based on Dynamic Wind Analysis
mehdi hooshmand Hassan Haji Kazemi Seyed Alireza ZareeiConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in tall buildings, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. According to different regulations, it is evident that there i MoreConsidering the widespread use of diagrid systems in tall buildings, it is necessary to investigate the behavior of this structural system against the wind and control comfort criteria based on acceleration. According to different regulations, it is evident that there is not much guidance for the design of this structural system and its requirements have not yet been included in the design regulations. Therefore, one of the most important goals of the current research is to investigate and use the Diagrid structural system as one of the modern structural systems in high-rise buildings. Another goal of this research is to compare the performance of the diagrid system with the environmental pipe system. Accordingly, the effect of various parameters including the acceleration of floors and shear of the base under dynamic wind load has been evaluated. It is expected that the performance of the diagonal network will be evaluated with a more detailed understanding of the diagonal network in tall structures and the evaluation of the operation and comfort criteria based on the acceleration against the wind load using dynamic time history analysis applying Cholesky, ergodic and AP methods. The results have been compared with the formulas of the ASCE7 regulation and the AIJ-GBV-2004 and ISO 10137:2007 comfort criteria and the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). These investigations indicate that the acceleration of the diagrid system floors based on ASCE7 wind dynamic response prediction equations, has exceeded the permissible limit of ASCE 7 regulation by 20 milli-g (20Gal). This is due to the high estimation of ASCE 7 equations compared to the results of wind time history analysis. In such a way that in the 50-, 70-, and 100-story buildings, the maximum accelerations of the roof obtained from the ASCE 7 equation are 1.83, 2.07, and 1.87 times the results of the dynamic analysis of wind time history, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Seismic Performance of RC Frames Equipped with Zipper Braces Subjected to the Near-field and Far-field Earthquakes
Seyyed Ramin Abtahi Babak BehforouzIn recent years, near-fault earthquakes have received more attention due to their variable frequency nature, pulsing motion, and causing incremental damage. On the other hand, due to the abundance of concrete structures in Iran, more than any other structures, they are MoreIn recent years, near-fault earthquakes have received more attention due to their variable frequency nature, pulsing motion, and causing incremental damage. On the other hand, due to the abundance of concrete structures in Iran, more than any other structures, they are at risk of damages caused by near-fault earthquakes. This issue clearly indicates the necessity of using new lateral bracing systems in RC structures. One of the lateral bracing systems is the combination of Chevron braces with zipper elements. Owing to this issue, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of RC frames equipped with zipper braced elements under near-fault earthquakes. Therefore, seven far-fault and seven near-fault earthquake records and three RC frames of 3, 6, and 9 floors with and without considering zipper elements were selected. Then, RC frames were designed using linear static analysis, after which all frames were analyzed by dynamic nonlinear time history analysis. After performing the analysis, the results such as total displacement, relative displacement, story shear, and plastic hinge formation were compared. The results of this study present that the zip-shaped elements have significantly succeeded in transferring asymmetric loads of the lower story braces to the upper stories and have prevented the creation of a soft story in the first height level of the structure. Finally, the comparison of the results ehibits the significant effect of the distance from the fault on the overall and relative deformations of the structures with increasing the height of the stories Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The effect of earthquake frequency and geometry of the soil and rock slopes on the seismic response of adjacent structures
Karim Ghaedi Hadi DashtiThe effect of topography on the seismic response of structures, owing to the construction of adjacent buildings, has been a challenging issue in recent decades. In this study, while considering the behavioral characteristics of the soil, the effect of topographic slope MoreThe effect of topography on the seismic response of structures, owing to the construction of adjacent buildings, has been a challenging issue in recent decades. In this study, while considering the behavioral characteristics of the soil, the effect of topographic slope and height on the seismic response of the structures in their vicinity has been investigated. and the effect of earthquakes with different frequency content on the response of structures up and down the slope has been evaluated. Also, the effect of earthquakes with different frequency content on the response of the structures at the top and down the slope was evaluated. At the end, the effect of soil flexibility on the response of structures adjacent to the slope was investigated. Considering the soil-structure interaction in soft soils can increase the maximum displacement to about 100% of the initial value, but it reduces the maximum base shear to approximately 10% of the initial value. Consequently, the analysis with topographical interaction strongly affects the answers. The change of response with the change of the earthquake record is sometimes observed up to 40% in the results. Therefore, for correct interpretation, full dynamic analyses should be based and the maximum value alone cannot be relied upon in the analysis of soil topographies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The effect of far- and near-field earthquakes on the collapse capacity of performance based optimization of RC moment frames
siamak saboonchi ashkan khodabandehlouPerformance-based design is a new approach to topics of the seismic design of structures, which unlike the traditional methods of force-based design, is based on changing the location of the structure. The use of this approach in the process of structure design results MorePerformance-based design is a new approach to topics of the seismic design of structures, which unlike the traditional methods of force-based design, is based on changing the location of the structure. The use of this approach in the process of structure design results in the access to structures with proper performance and an acceptable level of reliability. The main goal of this contribution is to investigate the impact of near- and far- field earthquakes on the collapse capacity and fragility of performance based optimization of RC moment frames using the center of mass meta-heuristic algorithm. Push over analysis has been utilized in the optimization process to control the responses of the studied frames at functional levels and incremental dynamic analysis has been used to evaluate the fragility of the obtained optimal frames. According to the results for the collapse margin ratio and the adjusted collapse margin ratio for the 3-, 6-, and 12-story frames, it is indicated that the collapse margin ratio and therefore the seismic safety under far-field earthquakes are 7%, 16%, and 8% higher than those of the near-field earthquakes, respectively. In other words, the optimized frames in this study against near-field earthquakes have low seismic safety and more fragility than far-field earthquakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - شناسایی و ارزیابی محدودههای ایمن شهری در بحران زلزله به روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی (مطالعه موردی منطقه 2 شهر خرم آباد)
امین الفتی محمود رحیمی مهدی روانشادنیا -
Open Access Article
107 - سنجش و ارزیابی ابعاد کالبدی تابآوری شهری در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 7 شهر تهران)
صدیقه لطفی عامر نیک پور فاطمه اکبری -
Open Access Article
108 - تبیین عوامل مؤثر بر تاب آوری تکاملی شهری در برابر زلزله ، موردپژوهش: شهر زنجان
بهناز عباداله زاده ملکی زهراسادات سعیده زرآبادی سعید پیری محمدرضا فرزادبهتاش -
Open Access Article
109 - تحلیل فضایی مولفه های تاب آوری کالبدی بافت مرکزی شهر رشت در برابر زلزله با استفاده از مدلFuzzy-AHP و GIS
مهدیه دلشاد منوچهر طبیبیان سید محسن حبیبی -
Open Access Article
110 - بررسی تابآوری شهر دورود در برابر زلزله با استفاده از روش گاما در سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)
مهران کرمی عباس ملک حسینی -
Open Access Article
111 - ارزیابی و تحلیل ریسک آسیب پذیری اقتصادی و اجتماعی سکونتگاه های روستایی در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان اردبیل)
کیومرث خداپناه -
Open Access Article
112 - ارزیابی میزان تابآوری نواحی شهری باتأکید بر دسترسی به عناصر کالبدی حیاتی و مؤثر در برابر مخاطره زلزله، با استفاده از مدل تصمیم گیری چند معیاره Todim (مطالعه موردی: شهر زنجان)
مهدی محمدی سرین دیزج محسن احدنژاد روشتی نفیسه مرصوصی علی عسگری -
Open Access Article
113 - بررسی میزان آسیبپذیری ساختمانها در برابر زلزله (مطالعه موردی شهر سمنان)
عباس بخشنده نصرت عباس ارغان اکرم فدائی اسلام -
Open Access Article
114 - ارزیابی میزان تابآوری کالبدی در برابر مخاطرات زلزله با رویکرد دستیابی به مدیریت پایدار (مورد مطالعه: منطقه یک تهران)
یوسفعلی زیاری بهناز عباداله زاده ملکی الناز بهزادپور -
Open Access Article
115 - تحلیل شاخصهای تابآوری سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در برابر زلزله با رویکرد اجتماعی (نمونه موردی: محله فرحزاد تهران)
شیدا حیدریان محمود رحیمی ثریا فتح الهی سیروان غفوری -
Open Access Article
116 - بررسی الگوی فضایی آسیبپذیری شهرها از زلزله و پیشنهاد الگوی بهینه (نمونه موردی: شهر کرمانشاه)
سهراب امیریان -
Open Access Article
117 - تبیین و تحلیل معیارهای کاربری برنامه ریزی زمین در کاهش خطر زلزله جهت افزایش تاب آوری شهری (نمونه موردی: شهر سنندج)
کتایون بهزاد افشار پرویز اکبری -
Open Access Article
118 - On the Analysis of the Role of Capacity Making in Reducing the Risk of Natural Hazards (Earthquakes) in Rural Areas (Case Study: Anjirab Rural District. Gorgan County)
hosein mosazadeh teymur Amar mehdi khodadadRural areas are the first vulnerable region in the face of natural hazards and are not insured against such risks. These areas, depending on their geographical location is affected by specific natural hazards due to more extreme poverty and the limited knowledge and tec MoreRural areas are the first vulnerable region in the face of natural hazards and are not insured against such risks. These areas, depending on their geographical location is affected by specific natural hazards due to more extreme poverty and the limited knowledge and technology compared to other human settlements against natural hazards are more vulnerable. For this reason, use of the potential of rural areas to reduce vulnerability is imperative. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of creating capacity in the Anjirab rural district to reduce the amount of possible damages caused by earthquake. The purpose has been used descriptive - analytical method and field surveys. The study population was Anjirab rural district at Gorgan city which 4 populated village of this rural district, including Mohammadabad, Akbarabad, Zangian and Sadabad is selected and 200 heads of households were selected using Cochran formula and questionnaire was distributed randomly between them. Results obtained using the Friedman test and Spearman Spss software represent Anjirab rural district high capacity in physical- spatial and institutional dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - On the Analysis of the Role of Good Urban Governance Model in Reducing Urban Housing Vulnerability against Earthquake
H. hatami nejad SH. Bazr Afkan M. ArvinIn the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order a MoreIn the later development models which have been promoted by the international organizations, for improving the quality of urban life and achieving sustainable urban development, a pattern of good urban governance will be presented, on the basis of which, health, order and security, progress and welfare can be achieved, simultaneously. Theory of good urban governance which is accepted by elites and experts and is emphasized by international organizations, in particular Habitat, intends to make cities more efficient, equitable, safer and more sustainable. The objective of this study is an Analysis of the role of good urban governance in reducing urban housing vulnerability against earthquake. The present study is applied and also descriptive-correlation research in terms of purpose and also in terms of way of collecting data, respectively. In the data analysis, the structural equation modeling technique was used with smart pls 3 software to examine the conceptual model of the research. In this study, indexes of participation, legitimacy, transparency, collective agreement, taking responsibility, justice, accountability, and efficiency and effectiveness were used by means of 38 questions. The population of the study is urban planners who were selected as 40 numbers as a sample using purposeful sampling. The results of this study show that all good urban governance indexes are important in reducing housing vulnerability. Therefore, in creating sustainable and safe cities, participation of people, observance of laws, respect for others rights, justice and equality, taking responsibility and responsiveness, transparency of city managers and city officials' performance vis-à-vis citizens leads to increased efficiency and effectiveness; and finally, leads to a good urban governance approach that can ensure and reduce the housing vulnerability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Spatial Analysis of Earthquake risk vulnerabilities using combined multivariate models (Case Study: Region 2 of the Municipality of Tabriz)
Hassan MahmoudzadehClose proximity to the fault of Tabriz in the Region two of the Municipality of Tabriz, increasing the number of areas and densely populated areas, increasing the load on the environment, Complexity and the multitude of factors in the earthquake hazard zoning and the sp MoreClose proximity to the fault of Tabriz in the Region two of the Municipality of Tabriz, increasing the number of areas and densely populated areas, increasing the load on the environment, Complexity and the multitude of factors in the earthquake hazard zoning and the spatial role of them make necessary applying multivariate decision maker, to determine the degree of vulnerability. The main objective of this paper is to determine the vulnerability in SAW and TOPSIS methods. For this purpose, multi-criteria assessment methods based on the TOPSIS and SAW used for produce and analysis of different layers of land use map. Natural and human factors influencing in Vulnerability zonation map identified and was overlaid with the land use map. Based on the TOPSIS and SAW, from the total area of 2104.83 hectares, about 729.61 hectares of vulnerability in areas with very low to low in the southern parts, 350.08 hectares in the vulnerabilities average in the center and 1025.14 hectares of vulnerability high to Very high in the northern and northwestern parts of the Region two. Land use map overlaps with hazard zonation map, show 400 hectares of residential use in the high to very high class risk. So, the plan to locate the temporary housing sites, Retrofit construction during the time and modify sensitive land use location to other land uses on the final map of hazard zonation map. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Evaluating the Components of Social and Economic Resilience against earthquake in the 3rd Municipal District of Shiraz City
Parisa Moshksar Yaghoob Peyvastehgar Ali ShamsoddiniToday, local communities are struggling to find conditions that will allow them to return quickly to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the issue of resilience rather than vulnerability. resilience is the abil MoreToday, local communities are struggling to find conditions that will allow them to return quickly to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the issue of resilience rather than vulnerability. resilience is the ability of a system to absorb perturbation, or the magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before a system changes its structure by changing the variables. Shiraz is located in the Zagros seismic zone with high seismicity. Considering the importance of existing land uses in the 3rd municipal district of Shiraz city, the aim of this study was an evaluation of social and economic resilience in this district. This applied research is using descriptive and analytical methods. The indicators of social and economic resilience were identified from the literature, and then data were collected through a field study using questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and feedforward multilayer perceptron artificial neural network. Linear regression indicated that a decrease in share of income spent on necessities could result in an increase in social and economic resilience of the households under study. Neural network analysis revealed that social capital and employment recovery are the most and least effective factors. In the population under study, social component, was the most important determinant of resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Assessment of local administrators in reducing the vulnerability of rural settlements in the earthquake (Case study: Village Gilvan- city Tarom)
Khadijeh Bouzarjomehry Ahmad Roumiani Hamida Mahmoudi Somae Sanei Sakineh Abbasi AbbasiThe purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of Crisis Management local managers to reduce vulnerable before the earthquake the rural Settlements in the study area is. And seek to answer these questions, whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquak MoreThe purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of Crisis Management local managers to reduce vulnerable before the earthquake the rural Settlements in the study area is. And seek to answer these questions, whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Whether in terms of local management and reduce earthquake vulnerable villages in the study area, there is a significant relationship? Research Methodology The cross-correlation method based on field studies and applied research type. The population of the investigation, including Gilo district is the city functions Tarom With 3185 households in 1390, based on the revised formula Cochrane total of 155 questionnaires were randomly distributed between households and has been completed. To analyze the data descriptive and inferential statistics (t single sample and Pearson, Pearson's chi-square test and compromise) and to assess the level of knowledge management in terms of spatial distribution in rural areas Vaykor model is used. Findings Research findings showed that the majority of the variables, except for the third variable (the executive body of programs, information on events and vulnerabilities village of the region based on knowledge of local managers have been used in the prevention of earthquake. The results showed that among all other factors lower than average utility (3), respectively. And lower than average level of knowledge of local managers. The tests also showed that the level of favorability numbers is significant and the difference is negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Evaluation of Physical Resilience Indicators of Worn-out Textures against Earthquake (Case Study: Qaleh Neighborhood of Dezful Township)
Sara Tootoonchi Hossein Bahrainy manouchehr TabibianIntroduction: Cities, as the most extensive man-made structures, have always been exposed to many natural and man-made disasters. Meanwhile, earthquakes have often inflicted irreparable losses on these settlements and their inhabitants and especially its worn-out textur MoreIntroduction: Cities, as the most extensive man-made structures, have always been exposed to many natural and man-made disasters. Meanwhile, earthquakes have often inflicted irreparable losses on these settlements and their inhabitants and especially its worn-out textures, which is necessary to pay more attention to the concept of resilience to reduce the harmful effects of earthquakes.Research Aim: In this regard, the present study was conducted to evaluate the physical resilience indicators of worn-out textures against possible earthquakes.Methodology: The method of this research is mixed and includes two phases, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative phase has been performed using the methodology of grounded theory and in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 24 experts. In the quantitative phase, one-sample t-test and Friedman test were used. Finally, in order to better understand the status of physical resilience indices, through field harvesting using GIS, maps related to physical resilience indices were presented.Studied Areas: The research area was Qaleh neighborhood in Dezful township, located in the north of Khuzestan province.Results: Data analysis was performed during three stages of open, axial and selective coding and led to the emergence of 97 open codes, 18 concepts in the form of 4 main categories. The results showed that physical resilience against earthquakes in Qaleh neighborhood includes four components of redundancy, diversity, connectivity and strength.Conclusion: Evaluation of the components of physical resilience of Qaleh neighborhood against earthquake from the perspective of experts using one-sample t-test, indicated that the physical resilience of Qaleh neighborhood of Dezful and its components are at an inappropriate level. In terms of resilience level, the connection component is in the first rank, the diversity component is in the second rank, the redundancy component is in the third rank and the strength component is in the fourth rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Analysis of Urban Vulnerability Indexes with the Approach Seismic Disaster Management Using Fuzzy Network Analysis Process (FANP) (Case study: Urmia city)
ALI khedmatzadeh Mirnajaf Mousavi Ardashir YousefzadehIntroduction The occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, in urban texture and in population density region has caused hard damage. Regarding the country’s location on the earthquake zone, the current study has studied Urmia city due to natural feature MoreIntroduction The occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, in urban texture and in population density region has caused hard damage. Regarding the country’s location on the earthquake zone, the current study has studied Urmia city due to natural features and the risk of seismicity in order to identify the most important damaging factors in order to manage the urban disaster caused by an earthquake.Methodology This research is descriptive and analytical in method and applied in purpose. In the descriptive section, the results of the general census of population and housing in 1395, documents and library studies have been used, and in the Analytical section, the Network Analysis process (ANP) and fuzzy operators in ARC GIS software have been applied.Geographical area of research The study area (statistical blocks) with an area of 4854.91 ha contains 91% of the total area of Urmia city, which has a population of 727066 people (other than Golmankhaneh Town). Based on the 2016 census and based on the information obtained from statistical blocks, the rate of population and the number of families in the area were 727066 people and 222737 families, respectively. The study area includes 97.83% of the population of Urmia city.Results and discussion The highest vulnerability is in areas with a slope of more than 20% and areas with high population density are observed. Areas with very high vulnerability with 34.12%, high with 11.81%, medium with 30.47%, low with 20.89% and very low with 2.7% accounted for the area of statistical blocks. In general, it can be said that 45.93% of the study area is vulnerable based on the criteria used in the analysis.Conclusion In vulnerable earthquake zoning in Urmia, 5 vulnerable classes were obtained. The very high vulnerability class in the Zone 2 urban area with an area of 341.09 hectares (13.19%) has the most vulnerable uses, Zone 3 with 8.24%, Zone 1 with 7.57%, Zone 4 with 2.76% and Zone 5 with 1.92% have the most uses with very high vulnerabilities, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Analysis of resilience components of rural settlements against earthquake risk (Case study: Ijroud city, Zanjan province(
Hossein farahani fariba abbasiResilience is one of the most important factors in achieving the sustainability of rural settlements. As resilience increases, the vulnerability of settlements to hazards decreases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the resilience components of rural settlements a MoreResilience is one of the most important factors in achieving the sustainability of rural settlements. As resilience increases, the vulnerability of settlements to hazards decreases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the resilience components of rural settlements against earthquake risk. The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population of this study is the heads of households in 20 villages and rural specialists in Ijroud city. Using Cochran's formula, the required number of samples to complete the questionnaire has been calculated in a total of 342 cases (305 rural heads of households and 37 rural specialists). Face validity was evaluated by 35 faculty members of the Department of Geography, University of Zanjan and averaged 1.7. The reliability of the variables was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 76%, which indicates its acceptability. For quantitative analysis of data, statistical tests such as (one-sample t, path analysis, analysis of variance) were used. The results show that the resilience situation in the studied villages of Ijroud city against the occurrence of a possible earthquake in all components, with an average of 3.33 is unfavorable and the values tend to be vulnerable. Also, among the four components, the physical component with a total of direct and indirect effects explains 56.5% of alpha and is the most effective component in the resilience of Ijroud city. The four dimensions of resilience, in total, could explain 74.9% of the resilience of Ijroud city.Keywords: resilience, rural settlements, natural hazards, earthquake, route analysis, Ijroud city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Analysis of Economic and Social Resilience of Rural Communities against Earthquake Risk (Case Study: Villages in the Central District of Ardabil Township)
kiomars khodapanahIntroduction: Occurrence of natural hazards such as Earthquakes due to the Environmental and Geographical conditions of the country has always led to serious financial losses and widespread human losses, and in order to reduce its effects, attention has been paid to the MoreIntroduction: Occurrence of natural hazards such as Earthquakes due to the Environmental and Geographical conditions of the country has always led to serious financial losses and widespread human losses, and in order to reduce its effects, attention has been paid to the resilience approach.Research Aim: The aim of this research is to analyze the Economic, Social and Cultural resilience of rural settlements in the central Disteict of Ardabil Township against Earthquakes.Methodology: The present study, with regard to the nature of the issue and the subject of the study, is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is 36 villages with more than 20 households and most of the central part of Ardabil city. Based on Cochran's method, 365 heads were determined and distributed and completed to the number of rural households in a simple random manner. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 30 specialists and experts. The total reliability was estimated 0.9 by Cornbrash’s alpha.Studied Areas: The village has more than 20 families in the Central District of Ardabil Township.Results:The findings indicate that, the social dimension is in a better position than the economic dimension. Also, the economic resilience measure showed that the indicator "income amount to compensate for damages" with a value of 3.90 has the highest and the indicator "satisfaction with personal income" with a value of 2.24 has the lowest average. Social and cultural resilience showed that the indicators of "the degree of solidarity between people in the event of an earthquake", "the level of satisfaction with access to a doctor" with the highest 17.17 and 15.70, respectively, and the indicators of "satisfaction with "Housing insurance" and "Hope for the future in case of an earthquake" with -22.25 and -14.21, respectively, have a lower than the desired test average.Conclusion: Findings showed that the resilience of economic indicators of the studied villages against earthquakes is lower than the average level and there is a significant difference between the villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Analysis of the physical resilience of East Gilan region against earthquakes
fatemeh yousefi view mehrnaz molaviUrban and regional resilience is one of the necessities of a sustainable human life in nature. Due to natural changes and developments, various events take place during special and sometimes sudden periods, which are necessary for the survival of the existing nature. Fr MoreUrban and regional resilience is one of the necessities of a sustainable human life in nature. Due to natural changes and developments, various events take place during special and sometimes sudden periods, which are necessary for the survival of the existing nature. From the past until now, several methods have been invented to deal with the damages of natural disasters, including earthquakes, and now the best way to deal with this crisis is known as crisis management by making human settlements resilient. Resilience of settlements should include all factors related to humans and society, which include social, physical, economic and institutional resilience. This research examines the physical resilience of settlements against earthquakes and ranks the vulnerability of the areas. The current research is in terms of practical and developmental purpose, in terms of descriptive research method and in terms of collecting documentary and library information. The analysis method in this research is based on the analysis of the Euclidean distances of the fault zones and Vikor method. Then, for the final conclusion, using the spatial model, the output maps of Vikor index and the earthquake vulnerability map of the settlements in the region have been integrated and presented. The purpose of this research is to analyze the resilience of East Guilan region against earthquakes and investigate the various consequences of preventing the vulnerability of settlements. Due to the earthquake-proneness of East Guilan, this area of the province has been selected for study. The results indicate that Lahijan city has the highest amount and Siahkal city has the lowest amount of physical resilience. In order to achieve physical resilience in the eastern region of Guilan, we have presented strategies, the most important of which include the creation of retrofitting plans in newly constructed buildings and strengthening the resistance of middle-level buildings and public centers, and creating access to open space, as well as strengthening and building centers. relief and treatment and increasing urban permeability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Evaluating process of people participation recon-struction of earthquake settlement (Case stydy: Shirvan County)
حسین فراهانی رضا خوشرفتار مجتبی حاجی پورWe meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of p MoreWe meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of people in performance reconstruction projects, that in addition to people,s satisfaction can reach excusable results from success dimension in promotion of goals.This subject indicates closely relation between people and reconstruction projects. The goal of research is evalution of people participation process in reconstruction of damage settlement. Case study is Shirvan county from Brourjerd town ship that faces with serious destruction with in earthquake in 2006. The research is based on analysis-correlative method required data has collected with use of quastionaire acquired results from this evalutions indicate that besides the great impotance of attention to people,s request and interests eapecially in rural area and also lake of experiences other countries fromm failure of this projects for participation of people again suffered people and their demands has not observed at whole frame and financial dimensions with in reconstruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Environmental abilities and limitation with seismic and how Zanjan population Centers establishment analysis
seyed reza azade malihe zareZanjan has many faults due to its severe tectonic activity in geology areas. According to conducted studies on Zanjan, this county has three separated areas in earthquake occurrence term including high danger widths, average danger widths and low danger widths. This res MoreZanjan has many faults due to its severe tectonic activity in geology areas. According to conducted studies on Zanjan, this county has three separated areas in earthquake occurrence term including high danger widths, average danger widths and low danger widths. This research main aim is Zanjan population main centers seismic spatial analysis. In this case uses ultra-available plans and present documents to analyze Zanjan active faults and mentioned county seismic widths. In continue study how establish and disperse population main residential places (Zanjan villages and cities). Finally by using ArcGIS software analytical abilities and layers overlapping analyzes how establish county cities and villages regarding to county seismic widths. Conducted studies revealed that of 22000 km2 Zanjan area 45% widths have high earthquake danger, 47% average and only 8% low danger. How disperse county cities and villages points according to 1390 census has shown 1015734 population in 7 counties, 16 parts, 16cities, 46 villages and 961 rural areas. By using ArcGIS software and layers overlapping has analyzed earthquake danger spatial analysis in population main center. Results reveal that of 16 urban residential places in Zanjan, 12 cities have placed in high earthquake danger width. Also of 46 villages, 25 ones are in high danger, 18 in average and 3 in low danger areas. Considerable share of burgess population are living in high earthquake danger widths. As of 626760 individual of burgess population 93.01 % area in high danger areas. 5.4% are in average and 1.5% in low danger areas. Earthquake danger spatial analysis in villages show that in county villages 52% population are in high danger, 41% in average and 7% in low danger widths. Also of 46 villages, 25 ones are in high danger, 18 in average and 3 in low danger areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Presenting a model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam
Fatemeh Yazdizadeh Reza Fazel Alireza SaanatkhahThe aim of this study is to present the model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam, which has been done in a mixed or combined manner. In the qualitative part, which is done with the Grand Theory strategy, the statistical population of the study includes MoreThe aim of this study is to present the model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam, which has been done in a mixed or combined manner. In the qualitative part, which is done with the Grand Theory strategy, the statistical population of the study includes the earthquake-stricken women of Bam, 12 of whom have been purposefully selected as the statistical population. Interview analysis was performed according to coding method and based on data analysis, 224 meaningful concepts and propositions were extracted from the text of the interviews. Following the coding process, 218 corresponding concepts were extracted from 224 meaningful propositions. The corresponding concepts became 45 subcategories due to the large number of overlaps and duplicates. Also, due to the closeness and semantic overlap of many pivotal subcategories in the coding stage, 45 existing subcategories have become 17 pivotal categories, which include: crisis living environment, disaster experience, environmental disorders, experience of violence, mourning and bereavement, cultural dominance. Masculinity, the traditional view of disasters, the loss of privacy, adaptation to crisis, self-destructive behaviors, social isolation and withdrawal, fake attempts to improve, sexual harassment, remorse, experience of violence, femininity of injuries, degradation of maternal status with more abstraction These categories include selective coding, a nuclear category described as "the social harms of earthquake-stricken women in a crisis-ridden and disastrous life, and in the context of experiences of violence, mourning, and bereavement, with crisis adaptation strategies, self-defeating, isolated, and isolated behaviors." "Sexual harassment, remorse, the experience of violence, and even the degradation of maternal status have led to the appearance that it can cover all other categories." In the quantitative section, the results of modeling have shown that the extraction pattern has been confirmed with high coefficients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - برّرسی فعالیت گسل گوک بر اساس شاخص نسبت پهنای کف دره به ارتفاع دره
Jafar Rahnamarad رحمان اکبری جمالزاده فریدون خسروی رضا درخشانی -
Open Access Article
132 - تعیین پارامتر های جنبش نیرومند زمین به روش DBE و MCE در ساختگاه سد سلمان فارسی جنوب غرب فارس - ایران
مهرداد پژوهان سید مصطفی مرتضوی مهدی آباد -
Open Access Article
133 - Assessing the resilience of public library staff against earthquakes: A case study of public library staff of Kermanshah province
Farshad Parhamnia Mahmoud MoradiObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the resilience of Kermanshah public library staff to the earthquake. Methods: The present study is applied research that adopted a survey method. The sample size was 97 employees of Kermanshah public l MoreObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the resilience of Kermanshah public library staff to the earthquake. Methods: The present study is applied research that adopted a survey method. The sample size was 97 employees of Kermanshah public libraries. The data were collected using a resilience questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire, which was 0.929. Data analysis was performed using Single group token test (mark), Excel software, and SPSS 23. Results: The findings showed that resilience dimensions including social dimension with an average of 2.89, economic dimension 2.53, organizational dimension 2.54, and physical dimension 2.77. In general, the overall average of resilience was equal to (2.71), which indicated that there was a significant difference between the theoretical average (3) and the obtained means. Therefore, Kermanshah public libraries staff are in an unfavorable situation of resilience against earthquakes. Conclusion: In this regard, earthquake preparedness training by public libraries is essential to take a step towards sustainable library development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Creating Digital Library in International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (A Proposal)
azita ali uosefi fatemeh nooshin fardThis research is undertaken to measure the manpower and the computer facilities in the international institute of earthquake engineering and seismology (IIEES)in order to set up a digital library. The study uses survey and documentary method. For The interview and obser MoreThis research is undertaken to measure the manpower and the computer facilities in the international institute of earthquake engineering and seismology (IIEES)in order to set up a digital library. The study uses survey and documentary method. For The interview and observation of the existing situation, a checklist has been used including 48 questions which are completed by the IIEES following personnel: Vice-presidents, directors of research centers, head of the library, and the director of information technology. Results of this study show that with regard to the interest of the directors and the appropriate existing telecommunication facilities, IIEES would be able to establish a digital library if it can: Increase the budget and ways of providing incomes; justify the financial directors with good reasons; encourage the experts to learn the methods of producing digital information and internet; conduct an appropriate organizational chart and allocate tasks and responsibilities to those involved; use the advice and consultation of field and computer experts; purchase from or subscribe with external organizations as well as purchase or subscribe in more electronic resources in order to provide technical facilities which match their emergency needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Investigation of methods to increase urban resilience against earthquakes based on seismic scenario (Case study of District 19 of Tehran Municipality)
Mehdi NairiThe stability and safety of our habitable against hazard has always greatly occupied our minds."Earthquake is one of such natural hazards that can cause death.In fact whatever that makes this phenomenon as disaster is not to be prepared and takeMeasure to confront this MoreThe stability and safety of our habitable against hazard has always greatly occupied our minds."Earthquake is one of such natural hazards that can cause death.In fact whatever that makes this phenomenon as disaster is not to be prepared and takeMeasure to confront this event.To reduce the seismic damage and cities safety promotion it's necessary, regarding, speciallyTo the dangers of earthquake and estimate it's effects in sustainable development urban planning collection.So vulnerability and damages should be evaluated of various studies.So the possibility of evaluation calamities impresses by use of development methods and modeling the earthquake could be so important in optimum vulnerability management.Regarding to Tehran importance from the political, social and economical aspects and its high risk earthquake zone, it's necessary to introduces and explain the true way to comfort the feature prop able earthquake and short time & long time procedures to comfort the earthquake in urbanism view point.That these procedures should conation population problems and shortage of basically possibilities and unfit extension and anisotropic distribution of service centers and building texture that are UN matched with structure conditions.In fact during last year's, hasn’t been done any enough and fundamental measures for reducing the earthquake hazard. But many parameters like anisotropic growth of Tehran especially during these years construction near faults and the areas that are unsafe because of tectonic instabilities and construction and execution of buildings and unmatched vital establishment with Tehran's earthquake intensity.And shortage of enough management to comfort the earthquake and old texture in the cities show that there will be ….of hazard if the earthquake happens.So, in this research I chose 19distric of Tehran as case study for evaluating earthquake risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of bam earthquake
Farahnaz NoorMohammadi Fatemeh AtaeiEight months after the destructive earthquake in Bam, the Impact of Event Scale (Horowitz et al., 1979) was given to a random selection of 129 women and 45 men, who had survived the disaster in order to assess the PTSD’s prevalence and two kinds of responses inclu MoreEight months after the destructive earthquake in Bam, the Impact of Event Scale (Horowitz et al., 1979) was given to a random selection of 129 women and 45 men, who had survived the disaster in order to assess the PTSD’s prevalence and two kinds of responses including intrusion and avoidance. Results indicated that, on average, 93.7% of the survivors suffered form PTSD with a high level of severity and showed the intrusion responses more than avoidance ones. There were no gender differences among participants in the prevalence of symptoms of PTSD and in avoidance and intrusion responses. The results were interpreted based on the Conservation of Resources theory and cultural differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - تحلیل جامعه شناختی زلزله شهر بم
فریدون وحیدا امیر سلطانی نژاد ایوب سلطانی نژاد -
Open Access Article
138 - پیامدهای جامعه شناختی زلزله بم
feridon vahida mosa soltanineghad -
Open Access Article
139 - A Model for Earthquake Swap Pricing and Its Sensitivity Analysis in Iran
Nasrollah Mahmoudpour Abodolsadeh neisy Moslem PeymanyIn recent years, increasing economic losses as a result of natural disasters are one of the main challenges fronting the insurance industry and researchers to discover original financial instruments so as to transmit disaster risks and minimize economic losses. In the p MoreIn recent years, increasing economic losses as a result of natural disasters are one of the main challenges fronting the insurance industry and researchers to discover original financial instruments so as to transmit disaster risks and minimize economic losses. In the present article, a model is suggested for catastrophe swap pricing with deterministic loss fluctuations in order to decrease the risk of insurance and reinsurance companies in Iran. The research is retrospective and applied; the data collection method is the library, and for the data collection use the documents. For the full data extraction, the correlation method is applied, For the purpose of extracting the complete data, the correlation method is used, all damages of earthquakes that have been fatal, destructive and affecting in the period 1927 to 2018 in Iran, have been investigated. The probability of the deterministic loss occurrence and severity are regarded to be Brownian motion of jump-diffusion. The extracted integral-differential model is converted into the standard differential one, and the answers are estimated via finite difference method and Matlab software. The changes to the suggested model are explored through the Lambda sensitivity analysis. As a final point, the model is implemented with real data of earthquake losses in Iran, which is extracted from the EM-DAT database and the regression results. Based on the results of the study, the price of catastrophe swap securities for less loss than the threshold has regular upward trend; however, once loss reached and passed the threshold, prices will drop dramatically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Identifying the Principles and Bases of Locating Suitable Urban Space for Temporary Housing after a Possible Earthquake in Tehran (Case study: District 3 of Tehran)
Roozbeh Zamanian Milad BakhtiariThe temporary settlement of the affected population is a process that requires the identification of suitable spaces for the settlement of the population, planning, management and providing appropriate solutions before and during a possible earthquake. Region 3 of Tehra MoreThe temporary settlement of the affected population is a process that requires the identification of suitable spaces for the settlement of the population, planning, management and providing appropriate solutions before and during a possible earthquake. Region 3 of Tehran municipality is a prone area for earthquakes and the presence of faults affecting the vulnerability of Tehran city, including Masha faults, North Tehran fault, and Ray fault, as well as the influence of faults in and around the region, including Mahmoodieh fault, Davodieh fault, Telo Bayan fault, and Xian and Kausar increase the risk of earthquakes in this region. This issue has shown the necessity of crisis management and the discussion of locating optimal spaces for temporary accommodation, especially green and open spaces after an earthquake to provide assistance and accommodation to citizens. Therefore, the issue of locating, determining urban spaces with the ability of temporary accommodation and providing a suitable pattern of accommodation by considering the effective spatial parameters and factors is considered the most important goal of this research to manage the crisis after the possible earthquake of Tehran in region 3. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and its research method is descriptive-analytical. In this regard, previous studies have been examined using documentary and library studies, a conceptual framework and a review of experiences. This research was done by qualitative and quantitative data analysis and by identifying the criteria and principles of locating temporary settlements and weighting the criteria through a pairwise comparison matrix. Hierarchical AHP method has been used to locate existing open spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Designing a Crisis Management Model with a Human Resources Approach (Case Study: Kermanshah Province Earthquake)
shahram kahrizi HASAN alodariWhat turns an earthquake into a devastating catastrophe is the confrontation of human phenomena and anthropogenic factors with this natural phenomenon. One of the most important factors that increase or decrease the amount of damage and human casualties in the event of MoreWhat turns an earthquake into a devastating catastrophe is the confrontation of human phenomena and anthropogenic factors with this natural phenomenon. One of the most important factors that increase or decrease the amount of damage and human casualties in the event of natural disasters, including earthquakes, is crisis management. The purpose of this study is to design a crisis management model with emphasis on human resources in Kermanshah earthquake. The method of this research is a qualitative approach with theme analysis. The statistical population of this study was all the literature in the field of crisis management models with a focus on human resources. The sample of this study included 11 related theories in the field of crisis management models based on focus on human resources. Library method was used to collect research data. Data analysis of this study was performed using Nvivo software. The results showed that the crisis management model with the human resources approach can be examined in three main stages: pre-crisis measures, crisis measures and post-crisis measures. Pre-crisis measures included themes to strengthen human resource efficiency, preventive measures, human resource training, and identification of early signs. Crisis measures included human resource preparedness. Post-crisis measures also included themes, identification and evaluation, limiting losses, and the ability to rebuild Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Earthquake Risk Analysis in Azerbaijan Region Using Neural Network Method
Sayyed javad Sayyedfattahi Rouzbeh Dabiri Milad Farshbaf KhaliliIn this research, earthquake prediction and hazard risk analysis in Azerbaijan region have been done using neural network method. The forecasting approach is based on the use of artificial intelligence based on seismic data from previous times over a period of 100 years MoreIn this research, earthquake prediction and hazard risk analysis in Azerbaijan region have been done using neural network method. The forecasting approach is based on the use of artificial intelligence based on seismic data from previous times over a period of 100 years. Five characteristics of an earthquake event are extracted from data from previous years. The earthquake prediction model is based on five selected features with three different algorithms with feed forward neural network. Validation results indicate the high ability of the model to predict earthquakes in the study area. The results of the created models have been used to analyze the risk in the region of Azerbaijan. According to the obtained results, the region of Azerbaijan is prone to high earthquakes, which necessitates strict observance of standards in the construction of buildings. The results of the present study show that the Bayesian algorithm has the best performance in predicting earthquake risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Examining individuals' social, economic and psychological consequences in earthquake (case study: victims in the western part of Kermanshah)
sima parshoo sayed naser hejazi asghar mohamdiEarthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of inve MoreEarthquake is one of the phenomena that, when it occurs, the society faces many dangers and disturbances. Iran is one of the countries that faces numerous and large faults in its wide area. This research was carried out with a sociological approach, with the aim of investigating the social, economic and psychological consequences of the survivors of the West Kermanshah earthquake and with the survey method. The statistical population includes all people over the age of 18 in the cities of Sarpol Zahab and Salas Babajani. Cochran's formula was used to determine the statistical sample (600 people), and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. Data analysis was also done using PLS and SPSS statistical software in two parts, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings showed that, the occurrence of an earthquake on all research variables with (sig=0.001) at the alpha level of 0.05 on the sense of social security, social responsibility, adaptability of citizens, social solidarity with others, determinism, sense of economic security, Job changes, mental health, resilience and duty-oriented towards God have an effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - ارزیابی میزان تاب آوری کالبدی محیط های شهری در برابر زلزله(نمونه موردی کلانشهر تبریز)
Shahrivar Roustaii Vahid Hoseyni haghi Amir Gedariکشفباستان شناسینشان می دهدکهپیشینیانمابسیاریازخطرات و بلایای طبیعی و انسان ساختیکهامروزهوجوددارندراتجربه کردهاندواینخطراتدرگذشتهنیزوجودداشتهاند. مدیریت بلایای طبیعی نیازمند شناخت ماهیت، ارزیابیهای دقیق، برنامهریزی و سپس ارائه راهکارهای مناسب میباشد. تبریز بر روی Moreکشفباستان شناسینشان می دهدکهپیشینیانمابسیاریازخطرات و بلایای طبیعی و انسان ساختیکهامروزهوجوددارندراتجربه کردهاندواینخطراتدرگذشتهنیزوجودداشتهاند. مدیریت بلایای طبیعی نیازمند شناخت ماهیت، ارزیابیهای دقیق، برنامهریزی و سپس ارائه راهکارهای مناسب میباشد. تبریز بر روی یک سامانهگسلی فعال در شمالغرب ایران واقع شده است که نشان از امکان وقوع مجدد زلزله در این شهر را دارد؛ همچنین مطالعة آماری داده ها، اسناد موجود و تحلیل دوره بازگشت زلزله بیانگر رویداد زمینلرزه در آینده این گسل است. لذا تاب آور نمودن این شهر در برابر زلزله دارای اهمیت خاصی می باشد. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر با طرح این پرسش که وضعیت کالبدی تبریز در برابر زلزله به چه صورت میباشد، به دنبال سنجش و ارزیابی میزان تاب آوری کالبدی محیط های شهری تبریز در برابر زلزله می باشد. پژوهش حاضر جزو تحقیقات کاربردی و روش به کار گرفته شده در آن توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. نتایج نشان می دهد 20% از اراضی شهر تبریز با آسیب پذیری بسیار کم و 80% درصد آسیب پذیری بسیار زیادی در برابر زلزله را دارا می باشند. بنابراین می توان بیان کرد که شهر تبریز در برابر بحران از جمله زلزله به لحاظ کالبدی به شدت آسیب پذیر می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Risk Analysis, Risk Assessment and Creation of Damage Probability Model for Yasouj City in OpenQuake Software
Ali Sadeghi عبدالرضا سروقدمقدم فرشید فتحیThe populous country of Iran is geographically located in a region with very high seismicity, and there is a need for detailed analyzes of seismic risk and risk in it, especially for strategic demographic and industrial points in order to provide vital information for d MoreThe populous country of Iran is geographically located in a region with very high seismicity, and there is a need for detailed analyzes of seismic risk and risk in it, especially for strategic demographic and industrial points in order to provide vital information for decision making. It is inevitable for recipients to develop effective risk reduction measures. This article, by using accurate and up-to-date methods, recent information of the population and housing census, socio-economic data, for the first time, analyzes the seismic risk by considering various uncertainties for buildings with was done various structural systems in the city of Yasouj. Descriptive and quantitative information of buildings and active faults in the field of this city is implemented in GIS software and using the capabilities of OpenQuake software, risk probabilistic analysis and risk curves and design spectrum for the building of the field are performed. Research has been produced. Based on this, probabilistic risk analysis has been done by considering various uncertainties in OpenQuake software and seismic risk curves have been produced for four different levels of vulnerability. The quantitative analysis of building vulnerability in Yasouj City reveals that unreinforced masonry buildings exhibit the highest damage percentages across all severity levels, with 48.4%, 43.1%, 39.4%, and 33.5% for slight, moderate, extensive, and collapse damage, respectively. Low-quality steel buildings suffer the most damage after unreinforced masonry structures, emphasizing the urgent need for retrofitting. In contrast, moderate-quality steel and reinforced concrete buildings demonstrate favorable seismic damage assessments. The qualitative findings stress the importance of implementing a robust monitoring/control system for construction quality, anticipating a significant improvement in structural reliability during the exploitation period with average to high execution quality. The results show that in order to prevent high economic, social and human damages, it is very important to review the design of new resistant structures and retrofit existing buildings in the research area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Evaluation of Wavelet Energy for the Vibration of a Single Pile Embedded in Sand under the Effect of Near-Field and Far-Field Earthquakes
Navid Hasanpouri Notash روزبه دبیری Masoud Hajialilue Bonab Larissa Khodadadi فریبا بهروز سرندEvaluating pile performance against seismic loading is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Various approaches are used in the evaluation of this performance, which can be referred to as continuous and discrete approaches. In the continuous appr MoreEvaluating pile performance against seismic loading is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Various approaches are used in the evaluation of this performance, which can be referred to as continuous and discrete approaches. In the continuous approach, two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyzes can be used. One of the very important disadvantages that can be pointed out in the three-dimensional analyzes of piles is the increase in computational costs. Therefore, improving the accuracy of two-dimensional analyzes in order to reduce computational costs is inevitable. The present study has used Abaqus finite element software to evaluate the response of a single pile embedded in single— and double-layer sand under two earthquake records (far-field and near-field). The subsequent stage involved employing the wavelet transformation technique to analyze the signal derived from the pile cross-section. The present study utilized the acceleration time histories of the pile head as the input signal for wavelet transformation. The result showed that the wavelet energy for the pile head signal was higher in the near-field record than in the far-field record. The analysis indicated an 11% and 41% increase in wavelet energy for single-layer and double-layer profiles, respectively. This increase in wavelet energy is due to the significant increase in horizontal displacement of the pile under near-field records compared to far-field records. Therefore, by implementing signal processing analysis employing continuous wavelet transformation on the horizontal acceleration of the pile section, relevant information regarding the type of earthquake records that occurred at the site can be extracted. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024