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Open Access Article
1 - اثر انواع مختلف خوراکهای اکسترود تجاری بر برخی شاخصهای رشد و کیفیت لاشه ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) انگشت قد در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
اسماعیل پیرعلی خیرآبادی* سید پژمان حسینی شکرابی -
Open Access Article
2 - اثرات تضعیف CNS ناشی از تجویز خوراکی کتامین به تنهایی و تجویز توام با لورازپام در سگ
بهلول حبیب اصل علی رضایی رضا ابراهیمی حریری -
Open Access Article
3 - مقایسه اثرات تضعیفی کتامین وسیپروهپتادین خوراکی برCNS گربه
دکتر ایلیاد عیسی بیگلو دکتر بهلول حبیبی اصل دکتر حمیدرضا اشراقی -
Open Access Article
4 - بررسی میزان شیوع گونه های آفلاتوکسین زای آسپرژیلوس و باقیماندة آفلاتوکسین به روش الایزا در خوراک ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان در استان های تهران و آذربایجان غربی
کیوان ابراهیمی محمدی ودود رضویلر -
Open Access Article
5 - Study of anaesthetic effect of ketamine and midazolam as separate and concomitant sublingual administration in animal model
محسن علیلو ایلیاد عیسی بیگلو حمید میرزائیKetamine is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a low intestinalabsorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %207 and with rectaladministration in cat is %43.56.1 .this drug has some side effects such as hyperten MoreKetamine is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a low intestinalabsorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %207 and with rectaladministration in cat is %43.56.1 .this drug has some side effects such as hypertension,histamine releasing effects , hallucination , hyper salivation (specially with oral administration)and etc. Midazolam is a short acting benzodiazepine that can pass trough blood-brain barrier andcauses CNS suppression. Then it seems that co administration of Midazolam and ketaminecause more effective & deep CNS depression effects.The aim of this study was evaluation of ketamine and Midazolam CNS suppression effects inthe manner of single and together in cat. Ten free roaming male & mature cats received drugs[ketamine (20, 40, 80mg/kg) & Midazolam (0.3, 0.6, 1.2mg/kg)] first in mixture of milk (40ml)or meat (30g) or sublingual spray rout. In 2nd stage they received concomitant doses ofMidazolam & ketamine by the method mentioned above. Each animal was observed continuallyby educated observer for CNS depression as graded on the behavioral scales.Almost all of the animals rejected receiving drugs in mixture of milk and meat. So subligualspray rout used for oral administration of drugs. Ketamine & Midazolam showed a dosedependent effect in different administered doses. Concomitant use of Midazolam with ketamineimproved ketamine's CNS depression effects. Also duration of CNS depression was longer withco administration of these two drugs. Results showed that administration of ketamine &Midazolam in mixture of milk & meat is not a suitable method in cats. But a strong and longtime CNS depression is achieved when ketamine sprayed in mouth (as sublingual form). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotic resistance to antibiotics widely used in the Iranian health centers
, A Azizpour سیامک Ghazaei,Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as MoreSalmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as a global problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotics resistance rate to antibacterial agents widely used in the Iranian health centers. To achieve this, fifty samples from livestock feedstuff were collected randomly from different parts of Ardabil city for identification of salmonella .The antibiotic resistance rate of isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 50 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated from 4 samples (8%). The result of serotyping was Enteritidis (50%), Muenchen(25%) and Unknown (25%). Multiple resistance was observed among isolates. The highest resistance was to Tetracycline (100%), Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (100%), Cotrimoxazole (100%), Amicycin (100%), Chloramphenicol (66.7%), Amoxicillin (66.7%), Doxycycline (33.4%), Florfenicol (33.4%) and Enrofloxacin (33.4%). All isolated were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The highest resistance rate was found against most prevalent drugs in poultry and animal industry, reinforcing this hypothesis that wide usage of drugs in the livestock feedstuff results in vast drug resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - اثر پوشش خوراکی بر پایه نشاسته حاوی عصاره چویر بر فعالیت ضد میکروبی در فیله ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین‌کمان در طول دوره نگهداری
, F Fakhri , H Ahari , M Ataieدر سال‌های اخیر تمایل به استفاده از فیلم‌ها و پوشش‌های خوراکی زیست تخریب‌پذیر در بسته بندی مواد غذایی رو به افزایش بوده است. این بسته‌بندی‌ها مزایای مختلفی مانند زیست تخریب‌پذیری و حمل افزودنیهای غذایی مانند آنتی اکسیدان‌ها، ترکیبات ضد میکروبی، رنگ‌ها و مواد مغذی را دا Moreدر سال‌های اخیر تمایل به استفاده از فیلم‌ها و پوشش‌های خوراکی زیست تخریب‌پذیر در بسته بندی مواد غذایی رو به افزایش بوده است. این بسته‌بندی‌ها مزایای مختلفی مانند زیست تخریب‌پذیری و حمل افزودنیهای غذایی مانند آنتی اکسیدان‌ها، ترکیبات ضد میکروبی، رنگ‌ها و مواد مغذی را دارند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر پوشش خوراکی بر پایه نشاسته همراه با عصاره چویر بر فعالیت ضد میکروبی و کیفیت فیزیکوشیمیایی فیله ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان در طول دوره نگهداری می باشد. عصاره چویر را در رقت‌های صفر، 1، 5/1 ،2 و3 درصد به پوشش خوراکی نشاسته‌ای اضافه گردید. تکه‌های ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان را در رقت‌ها غوطه‌ور ساخته و در یخچال در دمای 0C4 نگهداری شد و طی روزهای صفر، 3، 6، 9 و 12 آزمونهای میکروبی و سرمادوست، pH، هانترلب، اندیس پراکسید، روی نمونهها انجام شد. شمارش کلی میکروبی و سرمادوست نیز انجام گرفت. تجزیه شیمیایی اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه GC/MS منجر به شناسایی 9 ترکیب با مجموع 85/96% شد که شامل اوسیمن، آلفا ـ پینن، ترانس ـ بتا ـ اوسیمن و بورنیل استات بود. نتایج آزمونهای انجام گرفته بر روی پوشش خوراکی نشان داد شمارش کلی میکروبی و شمارش کپک و مخمر در نمونه‌های دارای عصاره چویر منفی بوده است. بررسی‌ها نشان داد افزایش غلظت عصاره در پوشش خوراکی منجر به کاهش روند افزایشی شمارش کلی میکروبی و شمارش باکتری‌های سرمادوست، در نمونه فیله ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان شده است. نتایج بدست آمده بیانگر خصوصیات ضد میکروبـی و آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره چویر بوده که افزودن آن به بستهبندی بر پـایه نشاسته باعث افزایش طول مدت نگهداری فیله ماهی قزل‌آلا با حفظ کیفیت میکروبی و فیزیکوشیمیایی میباشد بنابراین میتوان از این گیاه به عنوان نگهدارنده و جایگزینی برای نگهدارنده‌های شیمیایی در مواد غذایی استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effect of Methylcellulose and Carnauba wax coating with Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the improvement quality of Red Delicious apple
M. Rezaie N. Sedaghat Introduction: The quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, and thus their shelf life, is reduced due to changes such as moisture loss, enzymatic browning, tissue decay, and microbial growth. The use of an edible coating on fruits and vegetables during storage More Introduction: The quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, and thus their shelf life, is reduced due to changes such as moisture loss, enzymatic browning, tissue decay, and microbial growth. The use of an edible coating on fruits and vegetables during storage will increase shelf life by controlling the moisture migration, respiration rate, and oxidation. As apple is one of the most important raw materials for many foods and is grown in many countries around the world, it is important to keep apples fresh. The use of methylcellulose and Carnauba wax coating with Modified Atmosphere Packaging for maintaining the quality and prolonging the shelf life of Red Delicious apples.Materials and Methods: In this study, fresh apples (Red Delicious) were coated by two types of coating materials (methyl cellulose and carnauba wax) then samples packed in three layers bags (PE/PA/PE) with normal air condition (control), active modified atmosphere and inactive (passive) modified atmosphere, Samples stored at 2°C for 3 month. Thereafter, their quality characteristics such as Weight losses, color changes, hardness and change in packaging gas percentage, were tested and evaluated. Results: Data showed coated samples had better properties as compared to the uncoated samples. The property was more obvious in samples coated by methylcellulose. In coating samples, weight losses were significantly (P≤0.05) less than uncoated samples, and also weight loss was slower. At the end of the storage time, the highest firmness (958.2) was related to the sample with methyl cellulose coating and the lowest firmness (780.2) was related to the sample without coating (control). In the methyl cellulose coated samples, the weight loss of the samples was significantly lower than the other samples and the weight loss occurred at a slower rate (p≤0.05). At the end of the third month, the highest (7.6) and the lowest (4.7) weight loss was related to the sample without coating and the sample with methylcellulose coating, respectively. At the end of the sample storage time, the uncoated sample (control) had the highest Brix (17.2) and the sample coated with carnauba wax (16.1) had the lowest Brix. In all samples, the amount of L* decreased at the end of the storage time. During the entire storage period of apples, the amount of L* of the coated samples was higher than that of the control samples. The amount of L* in the control samples decreased and reached (19.2), while it reached (25.6) in the samples with methyl cellulose coating. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that Methylcellulose was an appropriate coating to maintain the quality and increase the shelf-life of apples (Red Delicious). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Effect of type of pretreatment and enzyme on antioxidant capacity of hydrolyzed protein of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
isan izannloo َAlireza Sadeghi MahoonakIntroduction: Free radicals originate from oxidation reactions decrease food quality and also promote incidence of various diseases such as cancer. Materials and Methods: In this research the effect of four enzymes, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, and pancreatin, without pre MoreIntroduction: Free radicals originate from oxidation reactions decrease food quality and also promote incidence of various diseases such as cancer. Materials and Methods: In this research the effect of four enzymes, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, and pancreatin, without pretreatment and with microwave and ultrasound pretreatment under optimal hydrolysis conditions on the antioxidant capacity of edible mushroom hydrolyzed protein was compared. The hydrolysis process to reach the maximum antioxidant activity with a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 1% and at the optimum temperature of each enzyme with and without microwave and ultrasound pretreatment and ultrasound pretreatment with 160W power, then hydrolysis with enzyme was done in 60 minutes and for samples without pretreatment, hydrolysis time was 120 minutes for each enzyme.Results: The results showed that the highest amount of total antioxidant capacity was 1.64 with hydrolysis by pepsin enzyme, the highest reducing power of iron ion was 2.80 with hydrolysis by alcalase enzyme. The highest iron ion chelation power of 65.08% was achieved with hydrolysis by trypsin enzyme and the highest DPPH free radical inhibition activity of 80.57% with hydrolysis by pepsin enzyme, all in the samples pre-treated with 160W ultrasound in the hydrolysis time of 60 minutes. Conclusions: The results showed that in order to create the desired antioxidant properties in the hydrolyzed protein obtained from edible mushrooms, a special combination of hydrolyzing enzyme and pretreatment should be used, and ultrasound pretreatment is more effective than microwave in this field. formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Chitosan Coating Along with Essential Oil (Ferula gummosa Boiss) on the Quality Properties of Chicken Breast
A. Bayati Kalimani Introduction: Using food coatings containing essential oils with antioxidant and antibacterial properties helps to increase the shelf-life of meat products. This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating with different concentrations of Barijah essential o More Introduction: Using food coatings containing essential oils with antioxidant and antibacterial properties helps to increase the shelf-life of meat products. This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating with different concentrations of Barijah essential oil (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2%) on the quality of chicken breast during 12 days of cold storage.Materials and Methods: First, the antibacterial properties of Barijah essential oil were measured, and then after coating the chicken breasts, the qualitative properties namely color, bacteriological, and general acceptance characteristics were evaluated.Results: The results showed Barijah essence was more effective on Bacillus cereus bacteria than Escherichia coli (p<0.05). Coating the samples significantly improved the moisture and pH characteristics of chicken breast (p<0.05). The coating slowed down lipid oxidation and the formation of volatile nitrogen compounds in treatment (p<0.05). It also caused the tissue stiffness of the samples to be maintained (p<0.05). The color index showed that the use of coatings caused a decrease in the L* and a* values while the b* value increased (p<0.05). Microbial spoilage in the coated samples was significantly reduced as compared to the control sample (p<0.05). Samples containing 2% Barijah essence had better results than other treatments in all tests (p<0.05). The acceptability of the treatment containing 1 and 2% Barig essence was the same and higher than other treatments (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that using chitosan with in essential oil of Barijah as a natural preservative increases the shelf life of meat products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Characterization of Edible Film prepared with HPMC Containing Sage Essential Oil
Reza Ghadermazi Javad Keramat seyyed AmirHossein GoliIntroduction: In recent years, edible films and coatings have received much attention in food packaging. These packaging’s displays suitable film-formation properties such as their biodegradable and carrier of food additive such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, colo MoreIntroduction: In recent years, edible films and coatings have received much attention in food packaging. These packaging’s displays suitable film-formation properties such as their biodegradable and carrier of food additive such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, color and nutrients. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity (AA) of sage essential oil (EO) in various in vitro model systems was investigated. Physical and AA of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) film with sage essential oil were also evaluated. Results: In order to determine the AA of sag essential oil with DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching and reducing power assays, IC50 values were 907.7, 454.2 and 1362.42 µg/ml respectively and sag essential oil showed lower AA as compared to BHT. Addition of essential oil to film led to 1.5 times decrease in water vapor (WVP) and 1.7 times decrease in oxygen permeability (OP). Films with essential oil have a lower transparency as compared to films without essential oil as lightness reduced from 95.47 to 90.3. The addition of essential oil resulted in a significantly decrease in tensile strength (3 times) and elastic modulus (2.1 times) but elongation percentage haven’t significant difference (P>0.05) with films without essential oil. Film with sage essential oil showed good protective effects against soyabean oil oxidation as peroxide value of the samples without HPMC film coating, packed by film and film with sag essential oil was 92.7, 85.9 and 66.3 meq O2/kg oil respectively. Conclusion: The WVP and OP of HPMC edible film were improved by the addition of sage essential oil. Also, combination of essential oils into HPMC film is a suitable method for reducing of lipid oxidation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Bioactive Edible Coating Containing Nanoemulsion of Nettle Essential Oil on the Shelf Life of Turkey Meat
M. Adeli Milani M. Ghobadi Dana B. Ghanbarzadeh A. Alizadeh P. Ghasemi AfsharIntroduction: is the evaluation of the effect of gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle (Urtica dioica L. ( on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of turkey meat during storage. Materials and Methods: Chemical composit MoreIntroduction: is the evaluation of the effect of gelatin/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle (Urtica dioica L. ( on chemical, microbial and sensory properties of turkey meat during storage. Materials and Methods: Chemical compositions of nettle essential oil were detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Samples of turkey meat coated with 1.5% (V/V) nanoemulsion of nettle, coated with gelatin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBC) containing nanoemulsion of nettle, packed in cellophane and without coating (Control) were stored at 4°C. Their physical and chemical (weight loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), microbial and sensory properties were evaluated at different intervals (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days) of storage. Results: The results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry showed the presence of effective compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities especially Carvacrol (51.71%). According to the results, lower amounts of weight loss, total volatile basic nitrogen, mesophilic, psychrophilic bacteria, molds, and yeasts were observed in turkey meat samples treated with nanoemulsion of nettle essential oil in comparison to the control during storage (p˂0.05) and the highest sensory scores were gained. Conclusion: Application of gelatin/HPBC coating containing nanoemulsion of nettle essential oil had a desirable effect on the control of chemical and microbial spoilage, therefore it can be used for increasing the shelf life of turkey meat in the food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of the Antioxidative Effects of Black Tea Extracts
Z. Nazari M. Gharachorloo A. H. ElhamiradIntroduction: Oxidative rancidity is one of the important reactions in oils and fats. Tea contains some effective antioxidants namely tannin and catechins. In this research project the antioxidative activities of tea extract in comparison with tannic acid has been inves MoreIntroduction: Oxidative rancidity is one of the important reactions in oils and fats. Tea contains some effective antioxidants namely tannin and catechins. In this research project the antioxidative activities of tea extract in comparison with tannic acid has been investigated. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in order to compare the effects of three different extraction methods consisted of methanolic extraction, agarwal method and extraction with hot water. In order to investigate the antioxidant activities, three concentrations of tannic acid (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) and tea extract (0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) were added to four types of oils with different fatty acid unsaturation and composition (sunflower, canola, olive oils and tallow) separately. The induction period was measured by Rancimat at 120ºC and peroxide values were determined after 24 hours of heating intervals at 105ºC for six consecutive days. Results: According to the results, the highest extraction yield belonged to the hot water extraction method. The results showed that different concentrations of tea extract had antioxidative property. In sunflower and canola oils, 0.5% tea extract and 0.1% tannic acid and in tallow and olive oils, 1% tea extract and 0.1% tannic acid showed the highest activity to increase the induction period and to prevent the increase of peroxide values of oils. Olive oil containing natural antioxidants and tallow that is deficient in natural antioxidants showed increased induction periods as the concentrations of the extract were increased. Conclusion: Tannic acid and tea extract exhibited antioxidant activities by increasing the induction periods of oils and fats while preventing the increase of peroxide values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Assessment of the Chemicals and Oxidative Properties of Imported Extra Virgin Olive Oils
فایق Moloudi پیمان Ghajarbeigi اشرف Haj Hosseini Babaei اصغر Mohammadpour AslIntroduction: Olive oil is one of the most consuming oil and plays important roles in humanhealth and nutrition. Due to the fact that most olive oils consumed in Iran are imported,therefore the control and olive oil regulations have important roles in food safety andcon MoreIntroduction: Olive oil is one of the most consuming oil and plays important roles in humanhealth and nutrition. Due to the fact that most olive oils consumed in Iran are imported,therefore the control and olive oil regulations have important roles in food safety andconsumption. This study evaluates the chemical characteristics of imported extra virgin oliveoils.Materials and Methods: In this research work eight samples of extra virgin olive oils wereexamined for fatty acid composition, acidity, peroxide value, anisidine value, totox value andoxidative stability (Rancimat) according to the Iranian National Standards.Results: The results of fatty acid composition as expected for olive oils indicated that oleicacid was the predominant monounsaturated fatty acid with smaller quantities of saturated fattyacids namely palmitic and stearic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid such as linoleic acid.Other examined factors such as acid, peroxide, anisidine, totax values and oxidative stabilitywere different among the oils that might indicate different qualitative factors involved amongthe oils.Conclusion: Interpretation of the data suggests that the measured factors are in the standardrange, however some other features namely climate and agricultural conditions might affectthe quality of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Preparation and Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Gluten Film and its Comparison with Low Density Poly Ethylene Film
A. Arabi H. Ebadi Dehaghani S. Vakili SH. Khosh AkhlaghcIntroduction: The packaging and food industries are now more than ever joining efforts to reduce the amount of food packaging and to use biodegradable materials as an environmentally-friendly alternative to the synthetic polymers for cost effectiveness as well as enviro MoreIntroduction: The packaging and food industries are now more than ever joining efforts to reduce the amount of food packaging and to use biodegradable materials as an environmentally-friendly alternative to the synthetic polymers for cost effectiveness as well as environmental reasons. The aim of this research is to compare the physical and mechanical properties of gluten edible films to the low density poly ethylene films (LDPE). Materials and Methods: Gluten edible films containing different concentrations of glycerol (1.5, 3 and 5 % wt) were prepared by the ordinary mixing as well as the ultra-sound system. The films were evaluated for the elongation at break and tensile strength and compared with LDPE films. Results: The application of ultrasound for preparation of the samples did not have significant effect on the mechanical and barrier properties of them. The effect of freezing on the mechanical properties of gluten film revealed that freezing led to an increase in the tensile strength and elongation at break up to 75 and 300%, respectively. The results of mechanical tests of gluten films, when compared to the LDPE film, indicated that gluten films characteristics were comparable to the petroleum source films, especially at 3% weight of glycerol content. Conclusion: The oxygen permeability of the gluten films showed that because of having low oxygen permeability as compared to LDPE film, gluten film can be used as a strong oxygen barrier for packaging industries. Moreover, being edible and environmentally friendly film, it can be applied as effectively controlled-permeation packaging in order to prevent the decay of food products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the Awareness of Food and Beverage Consumers Regarding the Types of Packaging
mohammad mahdavi mazdeh nima fakhim hashemiIntroduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.C MoreIntroduction: Foods and beverages are usually packed in glass, metal, multi-layered paper and plastic containers. Nevertheless, during recent decades, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers have been increasingly used for packing not only beverages but also foods.Considering the importance of this issue that has a direct relationship with human health and bioenvironmental issues, this research is concerned with consumers' awareness in respect of advantages and disadvantages of packing types of foods and drinks. Moreover, the criteria for appropriate packing were investigated from consumer’s viewpoint.Materials and Methods: The applied tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire, that was prepared considering the ideas of the experts of this field along with structured interviews and the reliability was confirmed by the experts of this industry.Results: The results of the present work indicated that, although a large number of consumers are relatively aware of the disadvantages of PET containers, but it is inevitable not to use them.Conclusion: Lightness, ease of use, non-fragility, availability and inexpensiveness along with being the sole option in the market were some reasons for more usage of PET containers as compared to other packing containers. In terms of drinking water (mineral water) and beverages, lack of any other alternative products was the main reasons for using these containers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Fatty Acid and Sterol Composition of Oils Extracted from Pistachio, Walnut, Hazelnut and Almond Employing by Cold Press Method
Z. Piravivanak Sh. PoufalatoonIntroduction: Oils extracted from nuts by the cold press might be regarded as valuable oils due to their high yield, unique flavors characteristics. Due to the role of nuts in Iranian society regarding its high consumption, this preliminary study concerned with the fatt MoreIntroduction: Oils extracted from nuts by the cold press might be regarded as valuable oils due to their high yield, unique flavors characteristics. Due to the role of nuts in Iranian society regarding its high consumption, this preliminary study concerned with the fatty acid and sterol compositions of the oils extracted from the related nuts by cold press have been carried out. Materials and Methods: To define the chemical compositions of nut oils, four nuts consisting of pistachio, walnut, hazelnut and almond were collected from Kerman, Tuyserkan, Qazvin and Azarshahr areas respectively and the oils were extracted at 25°C using the cold press methods. Fatty acid and sterol compositions were determined using a gas chromatography equipped with a capillary column and Flame Ionisation Detector according to the defined methods of standard. Results: The results showed that oleic acid was predominant fatty acid in hazelnut (83.3%), almond (67.6%) and pistachio (63.3%) oils while the linoleic acid had the highest concentration in walnut oil (52.5%). The analysis of the sterol fractions of the nonsaponifiable matters of the extracted oils indicated that the apparent β-sitosterol was the predominant sterol and covered 85-91% of the total sterol fractions in all the oils examined. Conclusion: The results showed that the oils extracted from nuts have desirable quantities of oleic and linoleic acids. The results also indicated the absence of trans acids. Due to the presence of high concentrations of oleic acid in hazelnut, almond and pistachio, these oils have a good stability against oxidation chain reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluation of Anti-Fungal Activity of Boswellia Gum Coating and Its Effect on the Shelf Life of Fresh Hazelnut
M. Smaeil Nasrabadi S. Golghin E. Azadfar H. Nori TopkanloIntroduction: Hazelnuts are rich in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If the conditions are unfavorable during storage, mold and aflatoxin production, moisture absorption and oxidative reactions will reduce the quality of the product. The aim of this study was to inv MoreIntroduction: Hazelnuts are rich in fat, protein, minerals and vitamins. If the conditions are unfavorable during storage, mold and aflatoxin production, moisture absorption and oxidative reactions will reduce the quality of the product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hazelnut kernel coating with Boswellia gum on reducing these reactions. Materials and Methods: Boswellia gum was used in different concentrations of zero, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% to cover hazelnut kernels. Hazelnuts kernels were submerged in the prepared coating solutions for 30 seconds and then dried. The effect of oral coating of Boswellia gum on moisture absorption, oil oxidation and fungal growth of samples was studied during five months of storage. Results: The results showed that Boswellia gum significantly (p <0.05) reduced moisture absorption, fungi growth and percentage of Aspergillus mold development as compared to the control sample during storage. The gum also Boswellia significantly reduced peroxide and thiobarbituric acid indices compared to the control sample during storage. Conclusion: The results indicated that for Boswellia edible gum might be employed as a natural preservative hazelnut coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Effect of Sodium Caseinate Films Incorporated with Lactobacillus. acidophilus and Lactobacillus. casei Bacteria to Control Listeria monocytogenes Inoculated Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fillet
S. M. Ojagh B. Shabanpour M. Kordjazi E. Abdolahzadeh M. GharaeiIntroduction: Casein-based edible films due to high nutritional value have potential toprotect the food products. The purpose of this investigation is to prepare sodium caseinatefilm containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei and determine theantibacte MoreIntroduction: Casein-based edible films due to high nutritional value have potential toprotect the food products. The purpose of this investigation is to prepare sodium caseinatefilm containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei and determine theantibacterial activity of the film against Listeria monocytogenes inoculated into the silver carpfillet.Materials and Methods: In this survey, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus caseibacteria in the form of solution were added to sodium caseinate film and dried at 40°C for 24hours. The effect of the film to control Listeria monocytogenes was determined on silver carpfillets and culture media during 9 days at 96 hour intervals. The viability of the LAB bacteriawithin 12 days in culture medium and fish fillet were studied at 96 hours intervals. The effectsof incorporated bacteria on the physical and mechanical properties of the film were alsoexamined.Results: The viability of lactic acid bacteria in fillets was increased. Both bacteria causedreduction in the Listeria count as compared to the control group. Lactic acid bacteria had asignificant effect on the solubility percentage, moisture, L index and color difference,however there were not significant differences in tensile strength and elongation percentage.Conclusion: Due to a significant decrease in L. monocytogenes viable count on culturemedia, it seems that the incorporation of LAB cells into films could be a useful method tocontrol food pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Chelating Effect of Black Tea Extract on Metals
Z. Nazari M. Gharachorloo A. H. ElhamiradIntroduction: The oxidation process in oils and fats and the speed of oxidation to someextent depends on the presence of prooxidants namely metals. The application of chelatingagents namely citric acid among others can retard this process. In this study the chelatingeff MoreIntroduction: The oxidation process in oils and fats and the speed of oxidation to someextent depends on the presence of prooxidants namely metals. The application of chelatingagents namely citric acid among others can retard this process. In this study the chelatingeffect of tea extract, tannic acid and citric acid are evaluated and compared to each other.Materials and Methods: Copper in the organic form at the concentration of 0.1 ppm wereadded to tallow, sunflower seed, canola and olive oils and then by the addition of 0.01% citricacid, 0.01% tannic acid and 0.1% tea extract the effect of chelation concerned with each oilhas been evaluated.Results: The results indicated that all the chemicals (citric and tannic acids) and tea extractadded have chelating effect on copper and increased the induction period of the oilsconcerned.Conclusion: It was concluded that tannic acid followed by tea extract and citric acid had thebest chelating effect on copper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - بررسی میزان آفلاتوکسین B1 خوراک دام وآفلاتوکسین M1 شیر خام به روش الایزا و کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا
شهین عشقی جمیله سالار آملی کامران میرزایی -
Open Access Article
22 - بررسی کیفیت فیله مرغ تازه پوشش دهی شده با کاراگینان - اسانس پونه کوهی (Mentha longifolia) تحت بسته بندی با اتمسفر اصلاح شده
سپیده کیانی قلعه سرد علی فضل آرا مریم قادری مهدی پور مهدی بروجنی -
Open Access Article
23 - جداسازی و شناسایی مولکولی گونههای آسپرژیلوس خوراک دام
سمیرا رنجبر راظیه نظری میترا نوری -
Open Access Article
24 - مطالعه آفلاتوکسین B1 در خوراک دام دامداری های گاو شیری سنتی اهواز
سیاوش مکتبی محمد رحیم حاجی حاجیکلایی مسعود قربانپور محمد کاظمی ورنامخواستی -
Open Access Article
25 - مقایسه اثر شکل فیزیکی خوراک( پلت و آردی ) بر عملکرد پرواری بره‌های نر کردی
کامبیز کامکار نجفقلی دبیری نیما ایلا ابوالقاسم لواف -
Open Access Article
26 - نگاهی اجمالی بر جوانههای خوراکی، ارزش غذایی و انواع روشهای به کارگیری آنها
نسیم رنج کش -
Open Access Article
27 - A Study Using Nutritional Materials and its Relationship With Academic Performance and Measurement of 24 Hour Reminder Food on the Primary School Students of Ahwaz City
Shamsodin Ansari - Gholam Hossein EbadiThis research was aimed to identify and estimate the amount of nutritional consumption and comparing them in the form of pyramid of nutrition guide and its effect on the academic performances and measurement of antropoetric on the primary school students of Ahwaz city. MoreThis research was aimed to identify and estimate the amount of nutritional consumption and comparing them in the form of pyramid of nutrition guide and its effect on the academic performances and measurement of antropoetric on the primary school students of Ahwaz city. By using cluster sampling from four regions, 28 schools and 140 classes hare been chosen. Among the students chosen were 560 girl and 560 boy students and a total of 1120 students chosen and two questionnaires mere used. The nutrition has been taken in the last 24 hours according to their kind and amounts registered and weight and height of the subjects, hare been measured and other data registered. The data hare been analyzed with the use of SPSS software (l l .5) The results show that the mean of weight and height of different ages and gedder of the students with NCHS standard have significant differences (I3 < 0.001) and subjects nutrition arrangement like (balance, appreciativeness), variation and receptivity of basic nutritional materials such as (milk, meat, bread, grains, vegetables, fruit, sweet, and oi) have significant differences in nutitional indexes pyramid (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The central effects of silymarin on feeding behavior in broiler chickens and relationship with serotonergic system
Khadijeh Ahmadihesar Ali Mojtahedin Taher Yalchi Shahin HajigahramaniBackground and aim: Silymarin is the effective substance of thistle plant, which causes some physiological effects and improves nutritional behavior. This research was conducted to determine the central effects of silymarin on feeding behavior in broiler chickens and to MoreBackground and aim: Silymarin is the effective substance of thistle plant, which causes some physiological effects and improves nutritional behavior. This research was conducted to determine the central effects of silymarin on feeding behavior in broiler chickens and to find the mechanism of feed intake and to investigate its relationship with the serotonergic system. Materials &Methods: In this research, 30 pieces of broiler chickens cannulated in the brain were used. In the first stage of the research (28 days old), silymarin was injected in the amount of 20 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. After injection, feed and water intake was measured in 30 to 180 minutes. In the second stage of the experiment (34 days), the relationship between silymarin and the serotonergic system was investigated. The treatments included 1- control, 2- methysergide, 3- ketanserin, 4- methysergide + silymarin, and 5- ketanserin + silymarin. Results: In the first stage, in 60 and 180 minutes, silimarin caused a significant decrease in feed intake (P<0.05). In the second stage, the central injection of the combination of silymarin with methysergide caused a significant decrease in feed consumption, while the central injection of the combination of silymarin with ketanserin had no significant effect on feed consumption. Central injection of silymarin had no effect on water intake in broilers. Conclusion: The results showed that although central injection of silymarin decreased feed intake in broilers, it did not affect water consumption. Also, the central injection of the combination of silymarin with methysergide decreased feed intake in broilers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Report of a species of the family Lardoglyphidae (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) from Iran
Kourosh Keshtmand Hadi Ostovan Rahil AsadiDuring 2009, in the course of the faunistic survey of mites related to mushroom in Seidan region, Fars province, one species from the Lardoglyphidae was collected and identified as Lardoglyphus konoi Sasa & Asanuma. This species is newly recorded from Iran in mushro MoreDuring 2009, in the course of the faunistic survey of mites related to mushroom in Seidan region, Fars province, one species from the Lardoglyphidae was collected and identified as Lardoglyphus konoi Sasa & Asanuma. This species is newly recorded from Iran in mushroom growing compost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Identification and prioritization of obstacles in production of edible insects from perspective of livestock and poultry producers
Y. Ostadi Gh. Yavari M. Shokat Fadaei M. Ahmadian S. ImaniInsects can be used as a food in livestock and poultry. However, there may be some obstacles in using insects as animal’s diet. The priority of the obstacles from the perspective of animal husbandry managers was studied in two provinces, Alborz and Tehran, Iran. A MoreInsects can be used as a food in livestock and poultry. However, there may be some obstacles in using insects as animal’s diet. The priority of the obstacles from the perspective of animal husbandry managers was studied in two provinces, Alborz and Tehran, Iran. At first, the obstacles were categorized in 8 main and 87 sub-main indices providing a questionnaire given to 20 experts randomly to be filled up. The initial data derived from questionnaires were analyzed The weight of each index calculated and compare by using Expert Choice 11 software Results showed that the health and food obstacle, the culture and attitudes obstacle and the economic obstacles with the indices of 0.418, 0.231 and 0.143 were the most important, respectively. Amongst the sub-indices, the risk of row consumption of insects 0.054, uncertainty in security and health 0.051 and the residue of insecticides 0.047 were the most important obstacles in producing food for livestock and poultry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Identification of the bacterial microflora of fresh edible yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)
s. mohammad salim sohrab imani m. abdi godarzi n. hasan zadeh v. zarin niyaThe edible insects are consumed as an alternative animal protein source by most Asian countries. Since there is a limited evidence for their safety particularly from microbiological aspects, an attempt was made to assess the microbial population of Tenebrio molitor L. s MoreThe edible insects are consumed as an alternative animal protein source by most Asian countries. Since there is a limited evidence for their safety particularly from microbiological aspects, an attempt was made to assess the microbial population of Tenebrio molitor L. samples in laboratory conditions. Primary stocks were purchased from a local market, in Sari- a city in north of Iran. Microbial samples were prepared from both body surfaces and guts of insect. Samples were individually and cultured on nutrient agar (NA), incubated at taken 270C for 24-72h. Distinguished colonies were isolated and purified. Based on phenotypic characteristics, hypersensitive response (HR) on geranium leaves, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the isolates were categorized into two groups. The pathogenic isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus firmus and Serratia marcescens. Whereas, the nonpathogenic bacteria were assigned as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus thuringiensis. Undoubtedly, the presence of pathogenic microbes in the microflora of mealworm larvae by direct and indirect consumption of insect may pose a threat to human and animal health. These findings suggest an implementation of certain processing methods in order to decrease or eradicate risks of microbial contamination of diets using natural insects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Residues measurement of common insecticides in Berberis vulgaris by gas chromatography in Iran
A. Sonei Sh. Hesami M. Gheibi H. OstovanDifferent pesticides have been used to control pests of barberry (Berberis vulgaris) in south Khorasan province, Iran. Due to use barberry in both raw and cooked, identification and quantification of residues of common pesticides (Diazinon, Oxydemeton-methyl and Phosalo MoreDifferent pesticides have been used to control pests of barberry (Berberis vulgaris) in south Khorasan province, Iran. Due to use barberry in both raw and cooked, identification and quantification of residues of common pesticides (Diazinon, Oxydemeton-methyl and Phosalone) in barberry was monitored by using GC-MS. To achieve a suitable method for extraction and purification, four valid methods such as QuEChERS Extraction, Static extraction, Changing PH and Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) were used. To reduce matrix effects in measurements, the addition standard used and the resulting signal level from GC by using pesticides standards calibration curves were measured. Extraction with acetonitrile solvent and scan mode of GC-MS showed that most of the barberries were contaminated by the pesticides. Four kind of different extraction method were compared with each other in spiked distilled water and then spiked barberry samples. The SPE extraction seemed to give slightly lower recoveries for the sample tested. Although Changing PH and Static extraction were so quick, but had the worst results. The results obtained confirmed that QuEChERS Extraction method may be used to extract pesticide residues from barberry. Other pesticides also found with a very low concentration by GCMS full scan method, such as Dimethoate, Dursban & Acetamyprid, that may has been used in the region and came as drift. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigating the chemical and microbial parameters of spoilage and determining the shelf life of Cyprinus carpio fillet Under the influence of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing Salvia officinalis extract
Moammad Esmaeili Yasaman Fahim DezhbanIn the present study, the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose oral active coating containing salvia officinalis extract on the quality and shelf life of common carp fillet during the storage period in the refrigerator (4±1℃) was investigated. Common carp fillets in MoreIn the present study, the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose oral active coating containing salvia officinalis extract on the quality and shelf life of common carp fillet during the storage period in the refrigerator (4±1℃) was investigated. Common carp fillets in five control groups were treated with carboxymethyl cellulose coating without extract and containing 0.5% and 1% sage extract and kept in refrigerator for 12 days, chemical (pH, TVN, PV, TBA) and microbial (Total and Psychrophilic bacterial load) indicators were investigated. The results of this research confirm the better performance of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing 1% sage extract compared to other treatments; So that the chemical indices and amounts of total and Psychrophilic bacteria as microbial indices of quality control of had better results than other treatments until the end of the storage period and showed was able to provide acceptable quality by reducing the Total bacterial amount and the amount of Psychrophilic bacteria in the samples. According to the results of the evaluation chemical indicators affecting spoilage, the application of carboxymethyl cellulose coating containing 1% of sage extract can more effectively cause damage by controlling and reducing the oxidation of lipids than other treatments. Maintain the quality of common carp fillets during the storage period. Therefore, Salvia officinalis extract, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, as a natural biological preservative in combination with coating of carboxymethyl cellulose, can be used as a method to maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of common carp fillets during storage in the refrigerator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of feeding edible mushrooms powder on intestinal microbiology and morphology of male Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
Abolfazl Asadi Dizaji Habib Aghdam-Shahryar Abdolahad Shaddel &ndash;Teli Naser Maheri sis Jamshid Ghiasi- GhalehkandiThis research performed to study the intestinal microbiology and morphology of male Japanese quails supplemented with two type of edible mushrooms including common (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) powders. A total of 420 twenty-one day old male quail MoreThis research performed to study the intestinal microbiology and morphology of male Japanese quails supplemented with two type of edible mushrooms including common (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) powders. A total of 420 twenty-one day old male quail chicks were randomly allocated to seven experimental treatments. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 20 birds. The birds within the control group were given the basal diet for the respective growth stage. The other six groups were fed experimental diets based on the basal diets containing 0.5, 1, and 2 percent of dried either common or oyster mushroom powders. Birds were allowed to free access to have feed and water during the 84 days of experimental period. Count of coli-form bacteria in the gut and intestinal morphological characteristics were studied at the age of 84 days. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli populations were significantly increased (P<0.05) by the 2% mushrooms compared to the control. Total counts (Aerobes) and Escherichia coli were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by the 2% mushrooms compared to the control. Crypt depth and papillae height in parts of 10, 50 and 70 percent's of gut were positively influenced by the supplementation of mushroom (P<0.05). Therefore it seems that mushrooms could be increased useful microflora and prove helpful in the fight against pathogenic organisms colonizing quail chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Poverty and welfare: Social codes Analysis in the novel "The Last Game of the Lady (Bazie Akhare Banoo)"
Fariba Raoufi sara Zirak farhad tahmasbiSocial semiotics introduces the social, economic and cultural situations of the subject as the main factors in determining the actions. In the novel "The Last Game of the Lady (Bazie Akhare Banoo)", the social position of the novel’s main subjects changes with tim MoreSocial semiotics introduces the social, economic and cultural situations of the subject as the main factors in determining the actions. In the novel "The Last Game of the Lady (Bazie Akhare Banoo)", the social position of the novel’s main subjects changes with time, from poverty to welfare. The purpose of this paper is to show the evolution of social codes as a result of situation changing from poverty to welfare, and the subject's social class displacement. This paper examines three codes (behavior, food, and tone) in poverty and welfare situations using the descriptive-analytical method. The research findings show that the change in economic conditions is not the sole factor in determining the social codes which used by the subject in different situations, and in social distinctions either. In fact, the norm governing the subject's personality has a very decisive role in her behaviors, choices and tone. The dominance of the objective norm on the subject’s personality causes the subject to change simultaneously with the change in objective conditions. However, the dominance of the evaluative norm delays the subject’s change. The subject adapts the code with the situation change only when she ensures that the situation conforms to her evaluative norm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Diversity of arthropod pests and their ecological natural enemies in mushroom production units in Zarandieh region, Markazi province
Mojtaba Tanha Neda KheradpirToday mushroom cultivation has become one of the money making sources in industry and trade all around the world. Due to its production system, this rich nutritional product is under the attack of several pest agents. In this study, the arthropods existing in mushroom c MoreToday mushroom cultivation has become one of the money making sources in industry and trade all around the world. Due to its production system, this rich nutritional product is under the attack of several pest agents. In this study, the arthropods existing in mushroom cultivation systems was collected through two production stages, spawning and casing from six production units in Zarandieh county, Marakazi province. Samples were separated by Berlese funnel and retained in Ethanol 70%; then identified by certified resources. The abundance of each species was caulcuated and the mean density of different species were compared statistically. In total, 1814 samples belonging to different orders of Insecta and Acari were collected. 790 samples were collected through spawning and 1024 samples through casing. Collected arthropods belonging to 15 species under 14 genera and 11 families. Tyrophagus putrescentiae was the most abundant species (18.91 ± 2.06%) with significant difference. Megaselia halterata (14.39± 1.88 %) and Lycoriella auripila (11.87 ± 0.47) were the most abundant species, subsequently. Among the collected species, two predators, Atheta coriaria and M. galber were identified. Most of the collected species were saprophagous and infected compost would be a possible way to introduce them into the mushroom cultivation systems. Samples like M. halterata, Megaselia scalaris, L. auripila, Colbodia fuscipes and T. putrescentiae were mycophagous and could make direct damage to mushroom product. Compost sterilizing would be an effective way to eliminate pest arthropods in mushroom cultivation systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Edible Insects, Challenges and Opportunities
Yahya Ostadi Gholamreza Yavari Mohsen Shokat Fadaei Majid Ahmadian Sohrab Imani5The current major challenge is how to make the world’s population in year 2050 reaches 9 billion saved from hunger? Along with recourse can strain’s. The price of food and protein has also increased and it causes a large number of people every day in the wor MoreThe current major challenge is how to make the world’s population in year 2050 reaches 9 billion saved from hunger? Along with recourse can strain’s. The price of food and protein has also increased and it causes a large number of people every day in the world to fall below the poverty line. Now this question arises to over count the problem of hunger of the earth’s population what the other sources are? Here the use of insect potential as a food and feed for humans and livestock and poultry can be a good solution for solving the global feed crisis and starvation. This research is a brief review of the history of edible insects in Iran and the world, nutritional value of insects, humans of food insects in worldwide and introducing some important species of insects and also challenges and opportunities ahead, and benefits and disadvantages of using insects as food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Ability of Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in White Kashan and Red Rey Onions Cultivars (Allium cepa L.) Using Root - tip Culture under Invitro Conditions
A. Goravanchi S.A. Mousavi zade A.R. Motallebi Azar V. RashidiThis present study has been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of culture medium and genotype on callus induction and regeneration of two onion varieties through root tip culture. For callus induction, micro samples from 1-3 mm root tip of 2 day old in vitro ge MoreThis present study has been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of culture medium and genotype on callus induction and regeneration of two onion varieties through root tip culture. For callus induction, micro samples from 1-3 mm root tip of 2 day old in vitro germinated plants laied on four culture media (1mg/l 2, 4-D, 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D, 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D with 0/5mg/l kinetin, 1mg/l 2,4-D with 1mg/l kinetin) in darkness conditions. Subculture of samples was done after four weeks. The produced calluses were laied in embryogenic culture medium for 4 weeks and after formation of embryoes, they were put in plant regeneration culture medium for eight weeks. Result showed that callus induction percentage is affected significantly by cultivar and culture medium, but reciprocal effect of both factors was not meaningful on callus induction percentage. Plant regeneration percentage and number of embryo per callus is affected meaningfully by cultivar, but type of culture medium and reciprocal effect of both factors was not meaningful on plant regeneration percentage and number of embryoes per callus. Embryogenic callus percentage is affected meaningfully by cultivar, but type of culture medium had not meaningful effect on embryogenic callus percentage. Callus induction percentage, plant regeneration percentage, number of embryo per callus and embryogenic callus percentage, are higher in white Kashan cultivar in relation to red Rey one and in culture medium involving hormonal combination of 2,4-D and kinetin, application of 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D can be usful. Considering the callus induction percentage, embryogenic and plant regeneration percentage, white Kashan cultivar and culture medium containing 0/5mg/l 2, 4-D is appropriate as compared with other cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effect of Nano Iron and Solupotasse Fertilizers on Accumulation of Nutrient Elements and Quality of Two Onion (Allium cepa) Cultivars
Ali Joghatay H. Afshari J. Masoud SinakiTo study the effect of nano iron and solupotass on agronomic and physiological traits of two onion cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 32 treatments and three replications in Joghatai of Khorasan-e- Razavi province, I MoreTo study the effect of nano iron and solupotass on agronomic and physiological traits of two onion cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in complete randomized block design with 32 treatments and three replications in Joghatai of Khorasan-e- Razavi province, Iran. Treatments consisted of two onion cultivars (red, yellow) and four levels (0, 1, 2, 3 kg per hectare) of nano iron chelat and four levels of solupotass (0, 5, 10, 15 kg per hectare). Results showed that the effect of nano iron and solupotasse on fresh weight, dry weight, pyrovic acid and macro element (N, P, S) contents were significant at %1 levels. Application nano iron, solupotasse to red onion cultivar increased dry weight significantly at the %5 level. Highest onion weight was obtained by using 2 kg nano iron and 15 kg solupotasse (17.3 g). Use of nano iron and solupotasse highly increased the pyruvic acid percentage (1.07 mM). Highest rate of pyruvic acid obtained by application of 3 and 15 kg nano iron and solupotasse respectively. Application of nano iron on the sulfur and nitrogen contents of onion were significant. Use of 2 kg/ha of nano iron exhibited highest increase in these elements. Thus, soil application of 10 kg/ha solupotasse, 3 kg/ha nano iron would highly increase red onion traits mentioned above. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Yersinia enterocolitica in broiler meat and edible offal at Ardabil retails
S. Shekari M. Ghiami RadYersinia enterocolitica is one of the most important food-borne bacteria and it can cause yersiniosis. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in poultry meat and offal marketed in Ardabil, as well as to assess the antibiotic resistan MoreYersinia enterocolitica is one of the most important food-borne bacteria and it can cause yersiniosis. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in poultry meat and offal marketed in Ardabil, as well as to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 344 samples including 264 poultry meat and 80 offal samples were randomly obtained during the spring and summer of 2016. The samples were investigated for the presence of Y. enterocolitica using Iranian National Standard. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility was examined by Kerby-Bauer method. Based on results, 22.34% of the poultry meat samples and 37.5% of the offals were contaminated with Y. enterocolitica. Antibiogram results revealed that 84.74% of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin; in the cases of Cephalothin and Cephalexin, it was estimated at 69.49% and 64.4% of the isolates, respectively. However, resistance was observed for Chloramphenicol and Syprufluxasine. Regarding the high occurrence Y. enterocolitica in chicken meat and offal and the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this bacterium, the implementation of hygienic measures to reduce the occurrence of Y. enterocolitica in chicken meat and the prudent use of antibiotics in the poultry industry to prevent the spread of strains resistant to antibiotics and transferring them to the human food chain is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Identification and quantification of fatty acids in edible and confectionary oils in Tabriz by gas chromatography
JALIL KHANDAGHI Farnoosh SaadlouyTriglycerides are the most abundant form of fats in human bodies and plants. They are also the most important type of fats that are present in the diet. Physicochemical properties of the fats are dependent on the kinds and amount of fatty acids present in their structur MoreTriglycerides are the most abundant form of fats in human bodies and plants. They are also the most important type of fats that are present in the diet. Physicochemical properties of the fats are dependent on the kinds and amount of fatty acids present in their structure. Therefore, to evaluate their quality, these two factors i.e. kind and amount of fatty acids have to be investigated. So in the present study, the fatty acids profile of some edible oils and confectionary oils (Minarines) were quantitatively and quantitatively investigated. In this study myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), oleic acid (C18:1cis), elaidic acid (C18:1T), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) were extracted simultaneously from 60 samples of edible oil and 10 samples of minarine oil, using liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC-FID procedure. The obtained results showed that 16 samples of the tested oil (22.8%) contained trans-fatty acids higher than 2% (w/w), of which 6 samples were hydrogenated oils and 10 samples were confectionary oils. Also, the sum of saturated fatty acids in 14 samples (20%) was over 30% of which 4 samples were frying oils and 10 samples were confectionary oils. Altogether, based on the regulations of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran, 27 samples (38.5%) were identified as not usable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Developing an sensitive and selective method for determination of tetra- butyl benzoquinone in edible oils
H. Pourmadadkar N. Nasirizadeh S. Jafari M. DehghaniThe presence of trace amount of Tetra -butyl hydroquinone or its metabolite, Tetra -butyl benzoquinone (TBQ), may inhibit cell proliferation and cause biologic abnormalities due to the high prevalence of thiolate groups of proteins or cell walls. The aim of this study w MoreThe presence of trace amount of Tetra -butyl hydroquinone or its metabolite, Tetra -butyl benzoquinone (TBQ), may inhibit cell proliferation and cause biologic abnormalities due to the high prevalence of thiolate groups of proteins or cell walls. The aim of this study was to fabrication an electrochemical nanosensor based on molecular imprinted polymer to detection of TBQ in edible oil. This study was a methodologic study. The statistical population included edible oil samples containing TBQ. The effect of different factors such as amount of MIP and MWCNT for production of ceramic carbon electrodes as well as pH of preconcentration solution and the incubation time of the prepared nanosensor in the solution on the oxidation signal of TBQ was optimized by response surface methodology. Differential pulsed voltammetry has been used to determine the TBQ in oil samples. The Morphologies of MIP and prepared sensors were described by scanning electron microscopy. Optimal conditions for the separation and determination of TBQ in edible oil, including 10 mg of multiwall carbon nanotube, 30 mg of MIP for preparing a modified carbon ceramic electrode, and 8 minutes as incubation time in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution with pH 10 was obtained. The proposed method is capable of detecting TBQ in edible oil samples at a concentration range of 6 - 680 nM with a detection limit of 3.1 nM. Based on the results, the proposed sensor can be used as a suitable tool for determination of TBQ in edible oil samples in industries and laboratories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Effect of edible carrageenan- Mentha longifolia essential oil coating on microbial, chemical and sensory characteristics of fresh chicken fillet during refrigeration storage
S. Kiani Ghalesard A. Fazlara M. Ghaderi-Ghahfarokhi M. PourmahdiThe coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated MoreThe coating is one of the methods to extend the chicken fillet shelf life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of carrageenan edible coating (1%) containing (Mentha longifolia) essential oil (1.5%) on the quality of chicken fillet during refrigerated storage. Samples were separated into three groups: uncoated (control), coated with carrageenan and coated with carrageenan contained essential oil (Mentha longifolia) were stored at refrigerator temperature for 21 days and were evaluated for microbial (psychrotrophic and mesophilic) counts, chemical properties [pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)] and sensory characteristics (appearance, muscles elasticity, odor, and color). The results of the bacterial analysis showed that coating with carrageenan and carrageenan- essential oil coatings had significant effects on delaying the increasing trend of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacterial counts as compared to control. Chemically, carrageenan-essential oil treatment showed lower TBA, TVN, and pH values than the other two groups during storage (P< 0.01). Moreover, the carrageenan and carrageenan contained essential oil treatments maintained sensorial factors at acceptable levels for 3 and 9 days respectively. Based on the results of the present study, carrageenan coating did not have the ability to extend the shelf life of chicken fillets but, the carrageenan-essential oil coating could extend the shelf life of chicken fillets for 9 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - An overview of food synthetic dietary supplements
M. LarypoorDue to the widespread production and supply of synbiotic or functional foods, it is necessary to study and study the various sources of supplement extraction to produce these products. Various studies have shown the positive effect of these supplements on human health a MoreDue to the widespread production and supply of synbiotic or functional foods, it is necessary to study and study the various sources of supplement extraction to produce these products. Various studies have shown the positive effect of these supplements on human health and the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, liver problems, etc. Research into the production and supply of commercial supplements such as inulin has been underway for many years and now has a significant share of the synbiotic food market. But new supplements such as the use of bacterial polysaccharides, yeasts, edible fungi, and algae are a new area of research in synbiotic supplements due to their economic benefits and numerous proven benefits to human health. Changes in the gut microbiome affect the number and function of the microbiome in other parts of the body, leading to disease or health promotion. In the present article, in addition to an overview of probiotics and prebiotics and synbiotics, a comprehensive overview of various prebiotic supplements with different biological origins has been provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigating the amount of heavy metals and the prevalence of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus contamination of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) presentation in Isfahan city
Maryam Sadat Emami Amir Shakerian Ebrahim RahimiOne of the products that is able to provide vitamins and amino acids needed for humans in the current conditions is edible button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Despite its properties, this food item can be the cause of many minerals and heavy metals due to its direct co MoreOne of the products that is able to provide vitamins and amino acids needed for humans in the current conditions is edible button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Despite its properties, this food item can be the cause of many minerals and heavy metals due to its direct connection with the soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of heavy metals and fungal acids in Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in Isfahan city. In this study, 100 samples of edible button mushrooms were randomly selected from the supply centers of this product in Isfahan city and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University for chemical and microbiological tests. SPSS version 23 software and chi-square statistical analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the obtained results, out of 100 samples, 24 samples (24%) were infected with Campylobacter, 17 samples (17%) with Escherichia coli, 40 samples (40%) with Salmonella and 56 samples (56%) with Staphylococcus aureus. . Also, according to the results, the consumption of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium and arsenic, exceeded the standard. Based on the results obtained from the present study and pathogenic bacteria in mushrooms, it is necessary to be extremely careful in preparing edible mushrooms and refuse to eat them raw. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - A review of the nutritional and medicinal potential of Phycobiliproteins extracted from cyanobacteria
Bahareh Nowruzi yasaman GoraniPhycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins that are found in cyanobacteria and rhodophytes. Based on their spectral characteristics, PBPs are divided into three types: Allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. PBPs, apart from their specia MorePhycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins that are found in cyanobacteria and rhodophytes. Based on their spectral characteristics, PBPs are divided into three types: Allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. PBPs, apart from their special function as sunlight-receiving antennas in the photosynthesis process, can be used as food dyes, nutrients, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries and fluorescent probes in immunofluorescence analysis. Since PBPs have antioxidant, anti-tumor effects, as well as potential anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties, in this review article, an attempt was made to investigate the properties and medicinal potential of PBPs along with their structural features. The results of the review of recent articles showed that the PBP part of proteins is very sensitive to environmental stress and this issue limits their use in the food industry. Therefore, it is necessary to use protective and coating materials to preserve the color. Consequently, they can prevent the denaturation of the protein structure, which not only increases the antioxidant properties but also increases the half-life of the food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Antimicrobial effects of edible gluten films incorporated with vanillin
اعظم Aarabi حسن EbSadi-Dehaghani صدف Saiedi This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of vanillin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar diffusion technique. For this reason, edible films were manufactured from wheat gluten containing 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% w/w. The inhi More This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of vanillin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using agar diffusion technique. For this reason, edible films were manufactured from wheat gluten containing 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% w/w. The inhibitory effect of the films was assessed based on the surface area of inhibition zone. According to the results, 0.5% of vanillin had no inhibitory effect neither on E. coli nor S. aureus. However, vanillin concentrations higher than 1% could have antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Results revealed that with the increasing of vanillin concentration, the surface area of inhibition zone was increased. Moreover, the increasing of vanillin concentration could lead to an increase in the extensibility and elongation of the gluten film. Interpenetrating network cross-linking mechanisms might account for the Schiff base reaction between gluten and vanillin. Although significantly different inhibitory effect was observed between E. coli and S. aureus, the vanillin films were effective on both bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of whey protein-based edible coatings and Natamycin on the quality and shelf life of Iranian white cheese
omid ramezani Abbas Jalilzadeh Javad HesariCheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very importa MoreCheese is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. Changes in the physical, chemical and microbial properties can affect the shelf life of the product. Therefore, increasing the shelf life of this dairy products is very important. The effect of whey protein concentrate-based edible coatings containing Natamycin (at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 percent concentrations) on the shelf life of Iranian white cheese were studied during 60 days. The results showed that the optimized coatings containing 0.03% Natamycin can prevent the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum up to 60 days, while different treatments of coatings had not significant effect on organoleptic properties fat, pH, and acidity of the cheese samples. However it resulted in a loss of 11% of the moisture content. It was concluded that whey protein concentrate-based coatings containing Natamycin can extend the shelf life of Iranian white cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Detection of antibiotic residues in edible tissue of slaughtered cows in Tabriz abattoir with FPT method
M.A Torbati مهدی Shamshiri افشین JavadiAntibiotic residues in food stuff and their transmission to the consumers have some consequences such as bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, intoxication, carcinogenic effects and disturbing of intestine natural flora of. Four-plate test is among microbiologic met MoreAntibiotic residues in food stuff and their transmission to the consumers have some consequences such as bacterial resistance, allergic reactions, intoxication, carcinogenic effects and disturbing of intestine natural flora of. Four-plate test is among microbiologic methods for detecting antibiotic residues in food stuff, which performs in four culture media with different pH values and test bacteria. In this study, 30 samples including gluteal muscle, diaphragm muscle, liver and kidney tissues obtained randomly from beef carcasses slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir were assayed. From total 30 kidney samples, every 30(100%) cases; among 30 liver samples, 28(93.33%); from 30 diaphragm samples, 22(73.33%) and from 30 gluteal muscle samples, 22(73.33%) cases were diagnosed as positive for antibiotic residues. Results revealed that, the most antibiotic residues belonged to Penicilin and Macrolides groups (P<0.05). In addition, kidneys was diagnosed as the most contaminated tissue for antibiotic residues (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Determination of Nickel and Cobalt accumulation in edible tissues of Crucian (Rtilus frisii kutum) caught from the International Anzali wetland
A.A Khanipour مینا Seifzadeh Mina AhmadiThe aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of nickel and cobalt in the edible tissues of Crucian (Rtilus frisii kutum) and to compare their concentrations with the FDA/FAO standards. For this purpose, the fish samples were caught from western, central and e MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of nickel and cobalt in the edible tissues of Crucian (Rtilus frisii kutum) and to compare their concentrations with the FDA/FAO standards. For this purpose, the fish samples were caught from western, central and eastern stations of Anzali wetland. Using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Ni and Co contamination were determined. According to the results, the mean value of Ni concentration in the samples caught from the eastern and central stations were 0.93 and 0.80 µg/g, respectively which were not statistically different. Moreover, Ni concentration in the central region was estimated at 1.13 μg/g, which was not significantly different from the FDA standard. In the case of Co, the average concentration in the western parts was below the detection limit; however in the central and eastern parts Co level was 0.13 and 0.07 μg/g dry weight, respectively that was in the approved limit adopted by FDA and FAO. Besides, the difference of Co concentration in the eastern, western as well as central stations was not significantly different. Based on the results, Ni and Co contents in edible tissues of Crucian of the eastern, western and central stations of Anzali wetland were found suitable for human consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residue in greenhouse crops using spectrophotometry (Case Study: Mushroom)
سهیل Sobhanardakani سیمین دخت Sadri سعید Jameh BozorgiPesticides are among the chief sources of environmental pollutants that have impacts on living creatures and humans health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residues in mushroom using Spectrophotometry. A MorePesticides are among the chief sources of environmental pollutants that have impacts on living creatures and humans health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of organophosphorus pesticide Diazinon residues in mushroom using Spectrophotometry. A total number of 10 mushroom samples was collected from the active greenhouses around Hamedan city as well as commercial brands that present their products in Hamedan retails. The samples were prepared and Diazinon residue in samples was read by Spectrophotometer in 3 replicates. Mean value of Diazinon concentration in different commercial brands was estimated at 0.126, 0.125, 0.166, 0.040, 0.130, 0.081, 0.129, 0.132, 0.128 and 0.129 mg/kg that were above the Europe Union Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Moreover, the comparison of results achieved from the different samples show significant different between greenhouses of 3, 4 and 6 (p>0/05). It was concluded that training of farmers to use appropriate amounts of pesticides would guaranty the safety and health of consumers of agriculture products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Isolation of Salmonella from Iranian broiler breeder farms and feed
Mansour Mayahi Forough Talazade Ramezan Ali Jafari Vahid Keshavarz ZamanianContamination of poultry by salmonella spp. is an important issue both in the field of public health as well as in the poultry industry and poultry have a significant role in transmission and incidence of human salmonellosis. The aim of the present study was isolation a MoreContamination of poultry by salmonella spp. is an important issue both in the field of public health as well as in the poultry industry and poultry have a significant role in transmission and incidence of human salmonellosis. The aim of the present study was isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. in Iranian broiler breeder farms and their feed. Samples from Sixty two broiler breeder farms and their feed from 21 states of Iran were collected during one year. All samples were cultured in different conventional media, including pre-enrichment, enrichment, selective plating and 18 Salmonella isolates were identified. Salmonella identification was confirmed by multiplex PCR and 12 isolates were confirmed. Out of positive samples, seven samples (58.33%) were Salmonella enteritidis in Ghazvin, Mazandaran and Markazi provinces, three samples (25%) were Salmonella infantis in Kordestan and southern Khorasan provinces, and two samples (16.6%) were Salmonella typhimurium in Fars and Lorestan provinces. All feed samples were negative. The results of this study showed that some breeder farms in Iran are contaminated with Salmonella and the most prominent Salmonella inbroiler breeder farms are Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella infantis, and Salmonella typhimurium respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Comparison of the effect of Microvit supplementation and Ferrodrop oral drop on primary parameters of hemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old healthy and Pica affected lambs
Samad Lotfollahzadeh Mostafa Abdollahi Parviz Noshirvani Hamidreza Mohammadi Morteza AbdollahiPica is one of the disorders that have high potential for inducing various damages such as poisoning, digestive accumulation, botulism, weight loss and etc. in ruminant farms. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of Microvit supplementation and Ferrodro MorePica is one of the disorders that have high potential for inducing various damages such as poisoning, digestive accumulation, botulism, weight loss and etc. in ruminant farms. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of Microvit supplementation and Ferrodrop oral drops on the primary parameters of hemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old healthy and Pica affected lambs.This study was performed on ten 20-day-old mixed-breed lambs without Pica and ten 20-day-old mixed breed lambs with Pica. Both groups received 2 types of oral therapy including Microvit supplementation (7 days, 0/5 g / l of consuming water) and oral ferrodrop drops (4 days, 300 mg/day in consuming milk). Before starting the treatment and after each treatment, blood samples were taken from the lambs to determine complete blood cell count (CBC) and serum minerals. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test at 95% confidence level.In patients with Pica, blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron was significantly less than healthy lambs (p < /em><0/05). Treatment with Microvit did not increase the blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron levels significantly and Pica was not treated in patients. Treatment with ferrodrop increased the blood Hb, MCV and MCHC and serum iron levels significantly and Pica was treated in patients (p < /em><0/05). This study showed that the cause of Pica in suckling lambs was microcytic-hypochromic anemia due to iron deficiency and administration of 300 mg of ferrodrop oral drops for 4 days caused the treatment of the patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effects of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on expression of adiponectin gene in placenta of pregnant ewes.
Pedram Moayeri Gholam ali Kojouri Afshin Jafari dehkordi Ali mohammad Ahadi Mahsa AbolfazlzadehIn recent years, special attention has been paid to insulin resistance mediators, such as adiponectin, that is produced and expressed during conception in placental tissue, thereby inducing its effects on the growing embryo and the health of the mother.In this study, th MoreIn recent years, special attention has been paid to insulin resistance mediators, such as adiponectin, that is produced and expressed during conception in placental tissue, thereby inducing its effects on the growing embryo and the health of the mother.In this study, the effect of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on transcription of placental adiponectin gene was investigated for the first time during the transitional period. For this purpose, 20 pregnant ewes were selected randomly. During the 10 days leading up to birth, oral administration of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) with dosages of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg B.W. and sodium selenite with dosage of 0.1 mg/kg B.W. was performed. At the same time, the control group received equal volume of distilled water. At parturition, placental samples were collected and the transcription rate of adiponectin gene was determined by using RT-PCR based on a comparison assay of 2-ΔΔCt.The results showed that selenium supplementation in pregnant ewes leads to a significant reduction in adiponectin gene transcription rate and the suppressive role of selenium nanoparticles was significantly superior to sodium selenite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effect of nutrients density on performance of broilers and its correlation with carcass characteristics in grower period of broiler chicks
ابوالفضل Bashiri A.R Safamehr مسعود Mostashari مهرنوش MirzaeiThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the correlation between different levels of diet nutrients in grower period on performance and carcass characteristicsof broiler chicks. The chickens were fed the same diet in starter period; later four diets with di MoreThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the correlation between different levels of diet nutrients in grower period on performance and carcass characteristicsof broiler chicks. The chickens were fed the same diet in starter period; later four diets with different levels of nutrients were used in grower period. The levels of metabolisable energy in the experimental diets were 3000, 3100, 3200 and 3300 kcal/kg. Diets used in the research are set according to NRC (1994). Furthermore, the ratios of all energy to protein were kept constant. The results showed that weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics were affected by different levels of nutrients. In addition, an increase in density of nutrients had a direct correlation with gain weight, and a reverse one with feed and carcass percentage. Finally, analysis of regression between carcass and nutrients density indicated that there were a correlation between nutrients density changes and carcass with increasing levels of nutrients. In other words, carcass percentage (r=97%), edible carcass percentage (r=95%), thigh percentage (r=92%) and relative weight of gizzard (r=91%) showed the highest regression. Feed cost per kg of meat decreased with lowest energy level (p<0.05). As a result in broiler diets using low density nutrients can be useful than high density nutrients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Dependence Analysis of local Communities on Medicinal and Edible Plants Harvesting in Sardasht Customary Region in Lordegan Township
Beytollah Mahmoudi fatemeh eshaghi milasiFor the long time plant products in terms of food, medicinal and economic have been used by human. rural household obviate adjust part of the health need, food and their livelihood through the operation of the plants. In this study, the type and amount of medicinal and MoreFor the long time plant products in terms of food, medicinal and economic have been used by human. rural household obviate adjust part of the health need, food and their livelihood through the operation of the plants. In this study, the type and amount of medicinal and edible plants harvesting in Sardasht customary region in Lordegan township of Charmahal-O-Bakhtiari state is analyzing. The approach that used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis using semi-structured interviews. In this regard, a questionnaire with propositions which include the amount of provision, use, sale and income from harvesting the medicinal and edible plants, was used. The result of this study showed that 21 plant species used by villagers in this area that 7 kind of them are used for medicinal purpose and 14 kind of them for edible purpose. The results showed that the annual harvesting of medicinal and edible plants equal to 48.50 kg for any household that of this amount 12.32 kg is for sale, and annually provides 4025881 riyals for each household. Also according to the results obtained there is significant correlation between the harvesting of this plants and socio- economic indicator such as age, education, occupation, family, housing, income, expenses, agriculture and the number of livestock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Comparation Palatability of Five Tree Species in Central Zagros Forest by Sheep and Goat )A case study in Boyerahmad County)
مژده Safaei وحید Karimian S.H Matinkhah پژمان TahmasebiZagros forests have an important role in the life of local people due to its area, distribution, species diversity and forest products. In addition, it is one of the most important biological sources and genetic reservoirs of Iran, so that this region is one of the larg MoreZagros forests have an important role in the life of local people due to its area, distribution, species diversity and forest products. In addition, it is one of the most important biological sources and genetic reservoirs of Iran, so that this region is one of the largest and most important animal husbandry centers. The main purpose of this research is to determine palatability of the tree species in Boyerahmad forests for sheep and goats. The studied trees include: Pyrus glabra Boiss, Quercus brantii Lindl .Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub.& Spach, Pistacia mutica Fisch.& Mey C. A. and Acer monspessulanum L. The investigation was carried out in cafeteria method, using factorial plan, and replicated three times, 2.5 kg forages of each tree was harvested and randomly put into uniform plate to feed the ewe and nanny goats during 12 hours. Six animals out of each group with similar weight, age and health were selected and the animals were adapted to condition before the experiment. The forage in the plates was weighted after the experiment. The results of two way ANOVA and comparative mean, t-test, exhibit different palatability order for ewe and nanny goat. Palatability hierarchy for ewe is P.mutica, A. monspessulanum P. glabra, L. nummulariifolia and Q. brantii where as for nanny goat the priority is different and accepts following order P. glabra, L. nummulariifolia P.mutica, A. monspessulanum and Q. brantii. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Iranian food and clothing in the Umayyad era
amirahmad momeniha mohammad sepehri Houshang Khosro BeigiThe arrival of Islam in Iran had profound and profound effects on the body of this institution, so that the political, social, cultural, economic, and livelihood structures of the people underwent fundamental changes. The main question of the research is what was the ch MoreThe arrival of Islam in Iran had profound and profound effects on the body of this institution, so that the political, social, cultural, economic, and livelihood structures of the people underwent fundamental changes. The main question of the research is what was the character of Iranian food and clothing as elements of social, cultural and livelihood structure of the Umayyads? It has been hypothesized that part of the ancient Persian text continued in the early Islamic centuries. During the period under review while maintaining some of the national and social traditions and traditions, Iranian society had the greatest influence on the Umayyad in the area of Iranian food, while preserving ancient traditions and local foods, and part of the Arab diet. And Iranian food diversity also changed Arabs' eating habits, so in this part of the tradition we see the influence of both sides on each other. This research will explain the subject under the descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Providing a Model for Measuring Tourist Satisfaction with the Services of Local Food Restaurants (A Case Study of Local Food Restaurants in Tehran)
Iman ChashmfasaToday, tourism destinations must provide tourists with high quality services and unique components in order to satisfy their needs and provide them with satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting foreign tourists' satisfaction with MoreToday, tourism destinations must provide tourists with high quality services and unique components in order to satisfy their needs and provide them with satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting foreign tourists' satisfaction with Persian food restaurants and to show the results through an applied model. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and a mixed method has been used to develop it. First, information from relevant scientific sources was collected and factors influencing customer satisfaction with restaurant services identified using Meta synthesis quality method. After distributing 223 questionnaires among the statistical sample and collecting them the necessary information was collected and analyzed using the factor analysis method and structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate and validate the designed model using LISREL software. The results of the study show that The quality of services including the quality of food and drink, empathy, guarantee, physical dimension, atmosphere, assurance and cultural dimensions have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of foreign tourists and their behavioral intentions, especially the willingness to revisit the restaurants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Identifying and Prioritizing of Factors Affecting the Development of Food Tourism in Yazd City
Omid BayatThe current work is descriptive-survey research according to the characteristics and methods. The data was collected based on the research literature, experts' opinions and the use of questionnaire. In the first step, 16 tourism industry experts were interviwed in order MoreThe current work is descriptive-survey research according to the characteristics and methods. The data was collected based on the research literature, experts' opinions and the use of questionnaire. In the first step, 16 tourism industry experts were interviwed in order to extract and verification of the factors using Delphi method. After the confirmation of the factors in the second step, a questionnaire was prepared and given to 58 managers of restaurants, hotels, tours and recreational centers in Yazd city. Findings of the research identified the most important factors in the order of weights, which are: preparation of healthy food (weight=0.7264), customs and traditions of local people in welcoming tourists (W=0.0534), observance the health principles (W=0.0445), appropriate and trained manpower (W=0.025), holding food festivals in appropriate seasons (W=0.0233), appropriate advertising and information (W=0.0173), variety of foods (W=0.025), quality and style of food presentation (0.0172), creating a food tour in nature (0.017), making food service memorable (0.0168), chefs' sufficient knowledge and skills (0.0156), customers' perception and emotional and logical interpretation of local foods (0.0144), providing discounts and reasonable prices (0.012), quality and type of food serving place (0.0098) and tourists' tastes and psychological factors (0.0 075). Considering research findings, tourism planners and related industries should focus their efforts on proper organization of the tourism industry, meeting the customers' needs, strengthening the local economy, as well as creating a correct and accurate framework for managing local and regional food resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - ارزیابی خواص شیمیایی، مکانیکی و نوری فیلمهای خوراکی بر پایه پوره کدومسمایی به کمک روش سطح پاسخ
اصغر ترابی یونس زاهدی -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation Of The Effect Of Icing With Pullulan and Bay Leaf Extract On The Shelf Life of Rainbow Trout During Storage In The Freezer
Oriana Zarabi Mohammad Ahmadi Masoud Hedayati Fard Leila Golestan Ayyoub Farhadi -
Open Access Article
63 - تأثیر پوشش خوراکی متیل سلولز بر خصوصیات کیفی و میکروبی خرمای کبکاب
لیلا بهبهانی محمدرضا اصلاحی -
Open Access Article
64 - غنی سازی ویتامین D2 در قارچ خوراکی دکمه‌ای آگاریکوس بایسپورس با استفاده از پرتو ماورا بنفش پالسی UV-B
منیر حیدری دستجردی فاطمه اردستانی علی شکوهی راد -
Open Access Article
65 - بررسی ویژگی های ساختاری و ضد باکتریایی پوشش خوراکی کامپوزیت زئین/نانوکیتین
اسماعیل عطای صالحی مریم سلطانی -
Open Access Article
66 - تولید نانوکامپوزیت پلی‌اتیلنی حاوی نانوذرات نقره جهت افزایش ماندگاری قارچ خوراکی در دمای یخچال
آناهیتا ابراهیمی سپیده بهرامی محمد عبدالھیان نوقابی -
Open Access Article
67 - Evaluation of Physical, Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Pullulan Films Enriched with Free and Encapsulated Tragopogon graminifolius DC. Extract for Use in Food Packaging
Seyyed Rasoul Shah Hosseini -
Open Access Article
68 - Production of Hydrolyzed Protein from Edible Mushroom Using Alcalase Enzyme:Investigation of the Effect of Hydrolysis Time and Concentration of Protein Hydrolysate on Its Antioxidant Capacity
Isan Izanloo Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak Hoda Shahiri Taberestani Shima Kaveh -
Open Access Article
69 - مقایسه تأثیر عصاره مریم گلی و زیره سبز در جلوگیری از توکسین زایی قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاووس در مغز پسته
حمید توکلی پور لیلا زیرجانی مجید جوانمرد داخلی -
Open Access Article
70 - ارزیابی اثرات نانو اکسید روی بر خواص فیلمهای بایوکامپوزیتی بر پایه ژلاتین ماهی
عبدالرضا محمدی نافچی فائزه میرزایی -
Open Access Article
71 - بررسی اثر نانو اکسید روی بر خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی و پارامترهای معادلات رشد میکروبی بایوکامپوزیت نشاسته سیب‌زمینی
صاحبعلی منافی نسیم مهدوی میقان عبدالرضا محمدی نافچی -
Open Access Article
72 - بررسی خصوصیات فیلم خوراکی بر پایه نشاسته سیب‌زمینی و گندم/ ژلاتین
روح الامین مهدیان هومان مولوی محمد حجت الاسلامی -
Open Access Article
73 - تقویت خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی فیلم زیست تخریب‌پذیر کاراژینان با استفاده از نانورس
ساجده لسانی هانیه رستم زاد اسحق زکی پور آزاده سلیمی -
Open Access Article
74 - The effect of chitosan edible coating containing garlic extract and coriander essential oil on microbial and sensory properties of rainbow trout fillet in refrigerated storage
Maryam Foromandi Mohammadreza KhaniFish is a highly perishable food and it seems necessary to use natural preservative with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential on microbial and sensory quality of rainbow trout f MoreFish is a highly perishable food and it seems necessary to use natural preservative with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential on microbial and sensory quality of rainbow trout fillet during 12 days at refrigerator storage condition. For this purpose, 8 treatments were prepared with chitosan coating containing garlic extract and coriander essential oil both separately and in combination forms (in amounts of 0.1 and 0.5%) and 2 control samples including control 1 (without coating) and control 2 (chitosan coating without extract and essential oil). Then all samples were evaluated by microbiological tests including total microbial counts, total psychotropic counts, and coliforms, and sensory properties including texture, color, odor, and overall acceptance at days of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 during storage. The results showed that the treatment coated with chitosan containing 0.5% garlic extract and 0.5% coriander essential oil had the lowest total microbial counts, total psychotropic counts and coliforms during 12 days of storage, and the highest amounts of microbial counts were observed in control 1 and then control 2 samples (P<0.05). Also the treatment with the highest amounts of garlic extract and coriander essential oil had better sensory scores by the end of storage period compared to control samples. So, it is suggested that chitosan coating with garlic extract and coriander essential oil as an antimicrobial agent, can be used for extending shelf-life of fish fillet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Effects of whey protein isolate coating enriched with Lysozyme on the microbial quality of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage.
najmeh moghimiThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and com MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate with Lysozyme on the shelf-life of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Chicken fillets were treated in whey protein isolate and whey protein isolate containing 0.5, 1 % Lysozyme and compared with chicken fillets without any coating (control) with 3 replicates were prepared. The microbial parameters (Total bacterial Mesophilic, Enterobacteriaceae, Psychrotroph and Pseudomonas spp count) were evaluated for 12 days. Results showed that during the storage time, in the samples coated with whey protein isolate containing different concentration of Lysozyme, a significant reduction (p< 0.05) were observed in the entire evaluated microorganism groups compared to the control samples. Also a dose related trend was observed due to addition of Lysozyme. Overall the findings of present study suggest that whey protein isolate contain with Lysozyme, may use as a natural coating and preservative to extend the chicken meat shelf life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Campylobacter spp. as a Potential Pathogen in the edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms )
Amir ShakerianAbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of MoreAbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in edible mushrum at 2014 year in stores and retail market of Shahrekord city, Central of Iran. All of the samples were cultured in enrichment and specific bacteriological media and then use for Polymerase Chaine Reaction (PCR) method for detection Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Out of 100 samples, 15 % were positive due to Campylobacter spp. From 15 samples positive, 13.3 % and 86.7 % were positive to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. Therefore the consumption of raw edible mushrum to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli constitutes health hazard for human in this city.Keywords: Campylobacter spp., Edible Mushrum, Retail market, PCR, ShahreKord,Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Anti-mold properties of alginate coating incorporating essential oil of Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica on bread
Elham Ahmadipoor samira bahramianAntimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determin MoreAntimicrobial agents can be incorporated into edible films and coatings to reduce the risk of microbial growth on food surfaces. This offers advantages such as the use of small antimicrobial concentrations and low diffusion rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica essential oil in sodium alginate coating against Penicillium chrysogenum growth in bread. First, minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oil (EO) against mold was determined by agar dilution method. Then, the EO with or without alginate coating was applied on bread surface and the percent inhibition of radial growth was determined. The results showed that Bene’s EO at concentration of 25 mL/L inhibits the mold growth. At concentration of 125 mL/L of EO on bread surface, without alginate coating 71.28% and with alginate 74.45% mold growth inhibition was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The effect of chia seed mucilage containing different concentrations of aqueous olive leaf extract on the shelf life of chicken fillets in the refrigerator
Fereshteh Akhavan Mahdi Sharifi Soltani Shahin Zomorodi sara jafarian Asghar Khosrowshahi aslEnzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this stu MoreEnzymatic, chemical and microbial activities in chicken in the refrigerator lead to spoilage and reduced product quality. In this regard, the use of edible coatings with antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds is an effective way to keep the quality of meat. In this study, the effect of chia seed mucilage coating containing 0, 15 and 30 percent aqueous extracts of olive leaves on quality of chicken fillets was investigated at the refrigerator (4°C) during 12 days of storage. During storage at intervals of 1, 4, 8 and 12 days, microbial counts (Lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and coliforms) and volatile nitrogen bases, pH and sensory evaluation of treatments were determined. The results showed that during storage, the count of aerobic mesophilic and psychotropic bacteria, coliforms and lactic acid bacteria and the volatile nitrogen bases and pH in chicken fillet increased, which was less in samples coated with chia seed mucilage containing olive leaf extract than the other treatments (p<0.01). According to the results of sensory evaluation, on the 4th day of storage, no significant difference in overall acceptability was observed between the samples (P>0.05). However, on the 8th day of storage, the control and sample coated by chia seed mucilage did not obtain the required overall acceptability score. According to the results obtained of this study, using the mucilage coating of chia seeds containing 30 percent of aqueous olive leaf extract, it is possible to increase the shelf life of chicken fillets at 4 °C for 8 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - کنتیک شکمبهای تجزیه مواد مغذی، هیدراسیون و گرانروی خاص عملکردی سه نوع پالپ چغندرقند
ا. تیموری یانسریدو آزمایش برای ارزیابی رابطه بین قابلیت تجزیه مواد مغذی، کنتیک هیدراسیون، گرانروی خاص عملکردی (FSG) سه نوع پالپ چغندرقند (BP) شامل ریز (FBP)، نرمال (NBP) و پلت شده (PBP) انجام شد. در آزمایش اول، حدود سه گرم از نمونه­ها وزن شده و در کیسه­های نایلونی (6 سانتی­ Moreدو آزمایش برای ارزیابی رابطه بین قابلیت تجزیه مواد مغذی، کنتیک هیدراسیون، گرانروی خاص عملکردی (FSG) سه نوع پالپ چغندرقند (BP) شامل ریز (FBP)، نرمال (NBP) و پلت شده (PBP) انجام شد. در آزمایش اول، حدود سه گرم از نمونه­ها وزن شده و در کیسه­های نایلونی (6 سانتی­متر×5/7 سانتی­متر با اندازه سوراخ­های 5±40) بسته­بندی شده و در شکمبه دو گاو نر اخته هلشتاین کانوله­گذاری شده به مدت 0، 3، 6، 12، 18، 24، 36 و 48 ساعت انکوباسیون گردیدند. تجزیه ماده خشک (DM) بین تیمارها برای بخش­های قابل تجزیه محلول، کُند و بالقوه، نرخ تجزیه و تجزیه­پذری مؤثر متفاوت بود. در آزمایش دوم، پس از انکوباسیون شکمبه­ای دو کیسه به مدت 0، 5/0، 1، 5/1، 3، 6، 12، 18، 24، 36 و 48 ساعت، کیسه­ها بدون شستشو و با شستشو برداشته شده و کنتیک هیدراسیون، گرانروی خاص عملکردی (FSG) با پیکنومتر اندازه­گیری شدند. نرخ هیدراسیون و ظرفیت نگهداری آب (WHC) متفاوت بودند. آسیاب کردن و پلت نمودن منجر به کاهش نرخ هیدراسیون و WHC پالپ چغندرقند گردید. ولی FSG اولیه و نهایی را در طی زمان انکوباسیون افزایش داد. بخش­های قابل تجزیه محلول، کُند و قابل هضم DM به ترتیب 4/82، 8/94، 7/2، 2/54، 3/87 و 7/79 درصد، 1/34، 0/50، 2/2، 4/31، 2/62 و 4/63 درصد و 1/89، 2/12، 0/68، 7/84 و 9/92 درصد از تنوع کُل نرخ تجزیه بخشی، قابلیت تجزیه مؤثر، نرخ هیدراسیون، WHC و FSG اولیه و نهایی را توصیف می­کردند. علاوه بر این، همبستگی بین پارامترهای هضم و هیدراسیون بالا بود. چون BP کمتر از اندازه ضروری بود، می­تواند به آسانی از منافذ شکمبه و روده عبور کرده و بنابراین FSG آن برای کنترل زمان ماندگاری و تجزیه شکمبه­ای از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - ترکیب اسید چرب داخل عضلانی ماهیچه Longissimus گوسالههای از شیر گرفته نشده نژاد Minhota در سن کشتار متفاوت
جی.پی. آرایجو پی. پیرس جی.ل. سرکواِیرا م. باروس ت. مورنومحصولات گوشتی از 16 نژاد گاو پرتقالی ارزش اقتصادی و فرهنگی بالایی برای جمعیت‌های بومی نشان میدهد. در این میان، Minhota یکی از مهمترین‌ها در توانایی تولید گوشت واقع در شمال غربی کشور است. این نژاد برای کیفیت گوشت بالا استفاده میشود. این مطالعه تاثیر سن کشتار، گوشت گوسا Moreمحصولات گوشتی از 16 نژاد گاو پرتقالی ارزش اقتصادی و فرهنگی بالایی برای جمعیت‌های بومی نشان میدهد. در این میان، Minhota یکی از مهمترین‌ها در توانایی تولید گوشت واقع در شمال غربی کشور است. این نژاد برای کیفیت گوشت بالا استفاده میشود. این مطالعه تاثیر سن کشتار، گوشت گوساله (6 ماهه) و گاو (9 ماهه) و جنس، پرورش یافته در سیستم تولید سنتی، روی ترکیب اسید چرب داخل عضلانی ماهیچه longissimus و کیفیت تغذیه را شرح میدهد. نمونه‌هایی از ماهیچهlongissimus thoracis برای ترکیب اسید چرب چربی درون ماهیچه‌ای از 41 گاو نژاد Minhota آنالیز شدند. گوساله شیرگیری نشده (22) و گاو (19)، مربوط به نرها (n=25) و ماده‌ها (n=16) آنالیز شدند. هر دو گروه از حیوانات در یک سیستم تولیدی سنتی پرورش یافته‌اند. گوشت نژاد Minhota یک منبع ارزشمند از اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع، خصوصاً اسیدهای چرب C-20 و C-22 n-3 در جیره انسانی است. یک نسبت n-6:n-3 پایین نشان میدهد که چربی در این نژاد ارزش تغذیهای خوبی دارد. تفاوت‌ها در ترکیب چربی از گوساله و گاو میتواند به این واقعیت که مکیدن مادری (maternal suckling) در حیوانات جوان‌تر مهم‌تر است نسبت داده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - تأثیر سن شیرگیری بر عملکرد و اقتصاد گوسالههای هلشتاین پرورش یافته در روش کشاورزی سبز
M. Sharifi A.A. Khadem B.J. Heins R. Pahlavan M. Safdariهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سن شیرگیری بر مصرف ماده خشک، متوسط وزن روزانه، بازده خوراک، هزینه خوراک و شاخص سود گوساله هلشتاین پرورش یافته در روشهای سبز بود. 32 گوساله هلشتاین در دو روش پرورش یافتند که شامل: زود از شیرگرفته شده و شیرگیری با تأخیر. گوسالههای هر دو گ Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سن شیرگیری بر مصرف ماده خشک، متوسط وزن روزانه، بازده خوراک، هزینه خوراک و شاخص سود گوساله هلشتاین پرورش یافته در روشهای سبز بود. 32 گوساله هلشتاین در دو روش پرورش یافتند که شامل: زود از شیرگرفته شده و شیرگیری با تأخیر. گوسالههای هر دو گروه با شیر کامل و با نرخ 10 درصد وزن بدن تیمار شدند. گوسالهها از بدو تولد تا پایان آزمایش دسترسی آزاد به برگ یونجه خشک داشتند. همچنین، گروه زود از شیرگرفته شده با رژیم غذایی استارتر بعد از شیر گرفتن تا سن 90 روزگی نگهداری شدند. مصرف ماده خشک روزانه و وزن بدن در فواصل 15 روز اندازهگیری شد و بازده خوراک و هزینه خوراک برای دوره‌های موجود محاسبه گردید. مصرف ماده خشک روزانه گوسالههای شیرگیری با تأخیر و زود از شیرگرفته شده به طور قابل توجهی از دوره سوم تا پایان آزمایش متفاوت بود. علاوه بر این، متوسط وزن روزانه زود از شیرگرفته شده بالاتر از شیرگیری با تأخیر در تمام دوره‌ها بود. به جز دوره اول و دوم، بازده خوراک بین دیگر دوره‌ها متفاوت بود. همچنین، به دلیل افزایش هزینه خوراک برای گوسالههای پرورش یافته در شیرگیری با تأخیر نسبت به گروه از شیرگرفته شده، شاخص سود در گروه زود از شیرگرفته شده بالاتر بود. Manuscript profile -
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82 - بررسی تأثیر جای گزینی بخشی از کنجاله سویا با نخود زراعی پولکی شده بر تولید و ترکیب شیر، و میزان مصرف خوراک گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین
آ. پیرزاده نائینی م. دانش مسگران ع.ر. وکیلی ه. ابراهیمیمطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر جایگزین نمودن بخشی از کنجاله سویا با نخود زراعی (Pisum sativum) در جیره گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین بر میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید و ترکیب شیر، غلظت متابولیت ­های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه صورت گرفت. تعداد 18 رأس گاو شیرده هلشتای Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر جایگزین نمودن بخشی از کنجاله سویا با نخود زراعی (Pisum sativum) در جیره گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین بر میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید و ترکیب شیر، غلظت متابولیت ­های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه صورت گرفت. تعداد 18 رأس گاو شیرده هلشتاین براساس وزن بدن، روزهای شیردهی و تولید شیر به طور تصادفی در 3 گروه آزمایشی قرار گرفتند. نخود زراعی پولکی شده در سطوح صفر، 33 و 66 درصد جایگزین کنجاله سویا گردید و به مدت 33 روز در جیره گاوها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. استفاده از جیره­ های متفاوت هیچ تأثیر معنی ­داری بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر، محتوای چربی و پروتئین شیر، متابولیت­ های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه نداشت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که نخود زراعی می­تواند بدون تأثیر منفی تا سطح 66 درصد در جیره گاوهای شیرده پرتولید جایگزین کنجاله سویا گردد. Manuscript profile -
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83 - عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پارامترهای خونی بز سوکوتو قرمز تغذیه شده با پودر برگ سابارا (Guiera senegalensis)
آ.آ. ابراهیم اس. هودو ام.اس. تمبوراوا آر.ام. آشیروهدف این مطالعه بررسی اثرات پودر برگ سابارا بر عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پارامترهای خون بز سوکوتو سرخ بود. بزها در قالب طرح کاملأ تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار قرار گرفتند. پودر برگ سابارا (SLM) در غلظت 0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد به ترتیب در تیمار 1، 2، 3 و 4 تغذیه می‌ش Moreهدف این مطالعه بررسی اثرات پودر برگ سابارا بر عملکرد رشد، قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و پارامترهای خون بز سوکوتو سرخ بود. بزها در قالب طرح کاملأ تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 3 تکرار قرار گرفتند. پودر برگ سابارا (SLM) در غلظت 0، 10، 20 و 30 درصد به ترتیب در تیمار 1، 2، 3 و 4 تغذیه میشد. جیرههای آزمایشی و آب آشامیدنی در حد اشتها به حیوانات ارائه شدند. وزن اولیه بدن همه مشابه بود. بزهایی که جیره غذایی با 10 و 20 درصد SLM سریع‌تر از آنهایی که با جیره غذایی کنترل تغذیه شدند افزایش وزن داشتند (05/0>P). مصرف غذا در میان گروهها تفاوت معنیداری داشت (001/0>P). تیمار 4 در مقایسه T1 ، T2 و T3 مصرف غذای بیشتری داشت. وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی (FCR) با افزایش سطح SLM در جیره غذایی افزایش یافت تا نقطه تیمار 3 و بزهای تغذیه شده با 20 درصد SLM سنگین‌تر بودند. قابلیت هضمCP ، CF ، EE وNFE نیز در میان تیمارها اختلاف معنیدار داشت (05/0>P). به طور مشابه، قابلیت هضم DM، CF ، CP و EE در T3 نسبت به شاهد (T1) بهتر بود. هموگلوبین، MCV، MCH و پلاکت‌ها در میان تیمارها متفاوت بودند (05/0>P، 01/0>P) . با این‌حال،PCV ، RBC، WBC و MCHC اختلاف معنیداری نداشتند (05/0<P). سلول‌های سفید خون در دو گروه تیماری تفاوت داشتند اما همگی در محدوده مرجع باقی ماندند. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که جیره غذایی برگ سابارا میتواند به عنوان منابع غذایی برای پرورش بز استفاده شود. سطح SLM از 20 تا 30 درصد رشد بالا و مزایای بهتر و بدون اثر سوء بر عملکرد بیولوژیکی داشت. تحقیقات بیشتری برای ارزیابی جیره غذایی برگ سابارا بر عملکرد رشد و مصرف مواد مغذی توسط بز مورد نیاز است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - اثر روغن های مختلف بر عملکرد تولیدی جوجه های گوشتی
جی.بی. داس ام.ای. حسین ام.آ. اکبر600 قطعه جوجه گوشتی تعیین جنسیت نشده در یک آزمایش 42 روزه در مرغداری دانشگاه علوم دامی و دامپزشکی چیتاگنگ مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند تا اثرات روغن‌های مختلف بر عملکرد تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی بررسی شود. جوجهها به طور تصادفی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار گروه تیماری More600 قطعه جوجه گوشتی تعیین جنسیت نشده در یک آزمایش 42 روزه در مرغداری دانشگاه علوم دامی و دامپزشکی چیتاگنگ مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند تا اثرات روغن‌های مختلف بر عملکرد تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی بررسی شود. جوجهها به طور تصادفی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار گروه تیماری و سه تکرار در هر تیمار توزیع شدند. هر تکرار شامل 50 پرنده بود. چهار نوع جیره غذایی با استفاده از مواد خوراکی که به صورت محلی در دسترس بودند فرموله شدند. تیمارها شامل جیره بدون روغن، جیرههای حاوی 5/2 درصد روغن سویا، 5/2 درصد روغن خرما و 5/2 درصد روغن ماهی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مکمل‌سازی جیره‌ها با انواع مختلف روغن به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) افزایش وزن زنده و مصرف خوراک جوجههای گوشتی را از هفته سوم تا پنجم بهبود داد. در هر حال، مکمل‌سازی سبب اثر معنیدار بر ضریب تبدیل خوراک در طی هفته‌های اول تا پنجم نشد (05/0<P). ضریب تبدیل خوراک فقط در طی هفته ششم بهبود یافت (05/0>P). در میان تمامی پارامترهای لاشه، فقط وزن پر، وزن لاشه، وزن دستگاه گوارش و وزن سر در هفته چهارم متفاوت بود (05/0>P). قابلیت زنده‌مانی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با انواع مختلف روغن مشابه بود. بنابراین، میتوان استنباط کرد که استفاده از روغن سویا، روغن خرما و روغن ماهی در جیره دارای اثر مثبت بر افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در جوجههای گوشتی تجاری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - تأثیر مکمل اسانس میخک و پروبیوتیک بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه
م. آزادگان مهر ا. حسن آبادی ح. نصیری مقدم ح. کرمانشاهیاین آزمایش جهت تعیین اثرات سطوح مختلف اسانس میخک به عنوان محرک رشد طبیعی و همچنین پروبیوتیک پروتکسین بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و پارامترهای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تعداد 240 جوجه کاپ 500 به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه تقسیم شدند. هر گروه به 4 زیر گروه تقسیم شد که هر کد Moreاین آزمایش جهت تعیین اثرات سطوح مختلف اسانس میخک به عنوان محرک رشد طبیعی و همچنین پروبیوتیک پروتکسین بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و پارامترهای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تعداد 240 جوجه کاپ 500 به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه تقسیم شدند. هر گروه به 4 زیر گروه تقسیم شد که هر کدام از آنها یک تکرار 12 جوجه‌ای را تشکیل دادند. 5 تیمار شامل جیره کنترل، جیره حاوی پروبیوتیک پروتکسین و جیرههای حاوی 150، 300 و 450 ppm اسانس میخک بودند که تا 42 روزگی به جوجهها تغذیه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که از 22-11 روزگی، مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن روزانه در گروه کنترل در مقایسه با دیگر گروهها به طور معنیداری بیشتر بود. در حالیکه در 42-23 روزگی و 42-0 روزگی، خوراک مصرفی و افزایش وزن روزانه در گروه مکمل شده با 450 ppm اسانس میخک به طور معنیداری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش یافت (05/0P<). همچنین سطح 450ppm اسانس میخک به طور معنیداری خوراک مصرفی و افزایش وزن روزانه را افزایش و ضریب تبدیل را در دوره پایانی بهبود بخشید. سطوح مختلف اسانس میخک و پروبیوتیک پروتکسین هیچ تأثیر معنیداری بر درصد لاشه، چربی بطنی و وزن نسبی ارگان‌های داخلی مانند کبد و قلب و سنگدان در 21 و 42 روزگی نداشتند. نتایج کاهش معنیدار میزان کلسترول را در جیرههای مکمل شده با پروبیوتیک و 450 ppm اسانس میخک در 21 روزگی و همچنین کاهش آن را توسط پروبیوتیک در 42 روزگی نشان داد. غلظت کلسترول، LDL، HDL/ کلسترول در 42 روزگی به طور معنیداری در گروه مصرف کننده پروبیوتیک پروتکسین در مقایسه با سایر گروهها بهبود یافت (05/0P<). در پایان میتوان نتیجه گرفت که مکمل‌سازی با 450 ppm اسانس میخک موجب بهبود خوراک مصرفی. افزایش وزن روزانه و ضریب تبدیل وکاهش کلسترول سرم خون میشود. در این آزمایش پروبیوتیک کلسترول سرم خون، LDL، HDL/ کلسترول را کاهش و موجب بهبود نسبت HDL / LDL در 42 روزگی شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - اثر افزودن نعناع و ریحان به جیره بر عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه جوجههای گوشتی
ی. گوربوز آی.آ. اسماعیلاین پژوهش جهت یافتن اثر نعناع و ریحان به عنوان افزودنی­های طبیعی خوراک بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی صورت گرفت. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر نعناع (Mentha pipreitae) و ریحان (Ocimum bacilicum) به عنوان دو افزودنی خوراکی بر وزن بدن زنده، (LBW)، افزایش وزن بدن (BWG)، مصرف Moreاین پژوهش جهت یافتن اثر نعناع و ریحان به عنوان افزودنی­های طبیعی خوراک بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی صورت گرفت. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر نعناع (Mentha pipreitae) و ریحان (Ocimum bacilicum) به عنوان دو افزودنی خوراکی بر وزن بدن زنده، (LBW)، افزایش وزن بدن (BWG)، مصرف خوراک (FI)، ضریب تبدیل (FCR)، وزن لاشه، چربی بطنی و وزن کبد در جوجه­های گوشتی بود. تعداد 210 قطعه جوجه گوشتی (سویه راس 308) انتخاب شده و در 7 تیمار (هرکدام با 30 جوجه) و سه تکرار (هرکدام با 10 جوجه) در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی توزیع شدند. تیمارها شامل صفر درصد (T1 شاهد)، 5/0 درصد (T2)، 1 درصد (T3) و 5/1 درصد نعناع و 5/0 درصد (T5)، 1 درصد (T6) و 5/1 درصد (T7) ریحان به صورت افزودنی خوراک بوده و تیمار شاهد نیز حاوی هیچ­ یک از دو افزودنی مزبور نبوده است. جوجه­ها تا 35 روزگی پرورش یافتند و خوراک و آب به صورت اختیاری در دسترس جوجه­ها قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که میانگین LBW، BWG، FI، FCR و وزن کبد در تیمار T4 (5/1 درصد نعناع) به صورت معنی­داری بالاتر از سایر گروه­ها بوده است. ولی اثر معنی­داری بر لاشه، عملکرد لاشه و چربی بطنی مشاهده نشد. یافته­های این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که تغذیه با نعناع و ریحان سبب بهبود عملکرد رشد و FCR جوجه­های گوشتی می­گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Citrus Co-Products in Ruminants Feeds: A Review
و.ر. آندرید A.آ. خوزه ویرا پرز م. اولیویرا دخسوس -
Open Access Article
88 - Effects of Starter Protein Levels and Amounts of Milk Fed on Animal Health and Rumen Microbiota Changes in Holstein Male Calves
ن. مهرداد ی. چاشنی دل ا. تیموری یانسری م. خوروش -
Open Access Article
89 - اثر جایگزینی جو با دانههای آسیاب شده خرما بر روی عملکرد رشد بزهای نر
آی.اس. میلاد آ.اس.آ.ام. ال-زهاف آی.آ. آزاگااین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی جو با سطوح مختلف دانههای آسیاب شده خرما (GDS) در جیره غذایی (0، 15، 30 و 45 درصد) بر عملکرد بزهای نر بومی در حال رشد انجام شد. شانزده بزغاله نر بومی (متوسط وزن زنده 1/16±41/1 کیلوگرم) به طور تصادفی به چهار (4 حیوان در ه Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی جو با سطوح مختلف دانههای آسیاب شده خرما (GDS) در جیره غذایی (0، 15، 30 و 45 درصد) بر عملکرد بزهای نر بومی در حال رشد انجام شد. شانزده بزغاله نر بومی (متوسط وزن زنده 1/16±41/1 کیلوگرم) به طور تصادفی به چهار (4 حیوان در هر تیمار) قرار گرفتند. مدت آزمایش یک دوره 14 روز پیش آزمایش و به دنبال آن 60 روز اندازهگیری بود .تجزیه و تحلیل شیمیایی نشان داد که دانههای آسیاب شده خرما مورد استفاده در این پژوهش به ترتیب شامل 3/6، 7/8، 4/62، 5/49، و 7/3 درصد پروتئین خام، چربی خام، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و خاکستر بود. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنیداری در میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه (83/54، 67/56، 58/44 و 92/47 گرم) و یا افزایش کل (28/3، 40/3، 68/2 و 88/2 کیلوگرم) و همچنین در مصرف کل (12/35، 53/28، 12/28 و 15/29 کیلوگرم) و یا در مصرف کنسانتره وجود دارد. البته مصرف یونجه گروه کنترل در مقایسه با تیمارهای دیگر (33/8، 82/5، 18/6 و 3/6) و در مقایسه با دانههای آسیاب شده خرما 0، 30، 15، و 45 درصد بیشتر بود (05/0>P). تفاوت معنیداری در ضریب تبدیل غذایی (09/11، 98/8، 24/12 و 50/11) بین تیمارها وجود نداشت (05/0<P). معیارهای اقتصادی نشان داد که افزایش سطح دانههای آسیاب شده خرما در جیره منجر به کاهش در هزینه‌های مصرف کل (08/12، 82/8، 48/7 و 57/6LD ) برای 0، 15، 30، و 45 درصد تیمار شده است. نشان داده شده که سود خالص با گنجاندن 15 و 45 درصد GDS در مقایسه با جیره غذایی کنترل (2/8 و 8/7 در مقابل3/4) دو برابر شده است. مشاهده شد که کارایی نسبی اقتصادی با افزایش سطح دانههای آسیاب شده خرما افزایش یافته است. این مطالعه نشان داد که دانههای آسیاب شده خرما را میتوان در جیره بز بومی در حال رشد تا 15 درصد بدون هیچگونه اثر مضر بر عملکرد اضافه نمود. با این‌حال، سود اقتصادی با 45 درصد دانههای آسیاب شده خرما به دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
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90 - پیش‌بینی تأثیر گروهبندی مجدد، تعداد دام و نحوه اختصاص کنستانتره در هر گروه بر سودمندی گاوهای شیرده
ا. درزی لمراسکی س.ه. ابراهیمیسودمندی روش گروه­بندی در یک گله گاوشیری با 153 رأس گاو دوشا که براساس میزان شیر روزانه به 3 گروه زیاد (79)، متوسط (40) و کم (34 رأس گاو) تولید تقسیم شده بودند شبیه­سازی شد. حیوانات براساس معیارهای شیر تصحیح شده 4 درصد چربی (FCM)، روزهای شیردهی (DIM)، شایستگی شیر Moreسودمندی روش گروه­بندی در یک گله گاوشیری با 153 رأس گاو دوشا که براساس میزان شیر روزانه به 3 گروه زیاد (79)، متوسط (40) و کم (34 رأس گاو) تولید تقسیم شده بودند شبیه­سازی شد. حیوانات براساس معیارهای شیر تصحیح شده 4 درصد چربی (FCM)، روزهای شیردهی (DIM)، شایستگی شیرواری (FCM/BW0.75)، و با استفاده از ابزار پشتیبانی، مجدداً به گروه­های جدید تقسیم شدند. چهار جیره کاملاً مخلوط (TMR) با دو نوع کنسانتره برای تغذیه سه گروه شبیه­سازی شده، درنظر گرفته شد به نحوی که گروه دو (حیوانات متوسط تولید) می­توانستند کنسانتره گروه یک یا کنسانتره گروه سه را مصرف کنند، هرچند گروه­های یک و سه همیشه کنسانتره خاص خودشان را داشتند. تعداد دامی که در گروه­های کم، متوسط و پرتولید قرار گرفته بودند متعاقب گروه­بندی تغییر یافت به نحوی که بیشترین گاو شیرده یا در گروه جدید متوسط تولید (معیارهای شیر تصحیح شده 4 درصد چربی و شایستگی شیرواری) قرار داشتند و یا در گروه کم تولید (روش روزهای شیردهی و خوشه­ای) قرار گرفته بودند. معیارهای گروه­بندی خوشه­ای و شایستگی شیرواری منجر به درآمد فراتر از هزینه خوراک بیشتر و حداکثر سودآوری در مقایسه با معیار شیر ثبت شده روزانه و دیگر معیارهای شبیه­سازی شده داشتند. در تمام معیارهای گروه­بندی، هنگامی که گروه دوم کنسانتره اختصاصی کم­تولیدها را مصرف کردند، میزان درآمد فراتر از هزینه خوراک نسبت به شرایطی که این گروه از کنسانتره پرتولیدها استفاده کردند بیشتر بود. به طور کلی، سودآوری و بهره­وری اقتصادی گله هنگامی که روش گروه­بندی بهتری استفاده شد افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این، روش گروه­بندی خوشه­ای شبیه­سازی شده، در انتخاب نوع کنسانتره برای گروه متوسط تولید (با تأثیر ناچیز بر درآمد فراتر از هزینه خوراک) آزادی عمل بیشتری ایجاد کرد. Manuscript profile -
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91 - بررسی تجزیهپذیری شکمبهای و مدلسازی برای پیش‌بینی فراهمی مواد غذایی برای نشخوارکنندگان از منبع سویای فرآوری شده با روشهای مختلف
E. پرند ع.ر. وکیلی م. دانش مسگراندر این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل DVE2010 پیش‌بینی فراهمی مواد مغذی برای نشخوارکنندگان از کنجاله سویا، کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده و کنجاله سویای فول فت انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده، کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین محتوی Moreدر این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل DVE2010 پیش‌بینی فراهمی مواد مغذی برای نشخوارکنندگان از کنجاله سویا، کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده و کنجاله سویای فول فت انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده، کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین محتوی پروتئین غیرقابل تجزیه در شکمبه و قابل هضم و جذب حقیقی در روده باریک (ARUP) را دارا بودند. در محتوی پروتئین میکروبی سنتز شده در شکمبه و قابل هضم و جذب حقیقی در روده باریک (AMCP) بین کنجاله سویای اکسترود و کنجاله سویای فول فت تفاوت معنیداری وجود نداشت ولی میزان پروتئین میکروبی سنتز شده در شکمبه و قابل هضم و جذب حقیقی در روده باریک و پتانسیل سنتز پروتئین میکروبی در شکمبه بر اساس انرژی قابل دسترس (MCPe) برای کنجاله سویا به شکل معنیداری بیشتر از دو تیمار دیگر بود. بیشترین میزان هدر رفت پروتئین آندوژنوسی (ECP) برای کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده مشاهده شد وتفاوت معنیداری در این فراسنجه بین کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت وجود نداشت. کنجاله سویای اکسترود شده، کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای فول فت دارای به ترتیب از بیشترین به کمترین محتوی کل پروتئین قابل متابولیسم (DVE) بودند. مدلسازی فراهمی مواد مغذی برای گاوهای شیرده با استفاده از DVE2010 میتواند ابزاری ارزشمند برای سنجش کمی کل پروتئین قابل هضم و جذب در روده باریک از منابع مختلف باشد. این اطلاعات میتواند برای تنظیم جیره‌ها و کاهش میزان هدررفت نیتروژن و کنترل آلودگی محیط زیست از این طریق مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. Manuscript profile -
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92 - اثر مخلوط گیاه دارویی و پرو بیوتیک بر عملکرد، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین
ص. سیف زاده ف. میرزایی آقجه ح. عبدی بنمار ج. سیف دواتی ب. نوید شادهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر یک مخلوط گیاه داوریی و پروبیوتیک بر عمکرد، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری در گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. برای انجام این آزمایش، 30 رأس گوساله هلشتاین تازه متولد شده (میانگین سنی 10-1 روز) با میانیگن وزنی 8 ± 42 در قالب یک طر Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر یک مخلوط گیاه داوریی و پروبیوتیک بر عمکرد، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری در گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. برای انجام این آزمایش، 30 رأس گوساله هلشتاین تازه متولد شده (میانگین سنی 10-1 روز) با میانیگن وزنی 8 ± 42 در قالب یک طرح فاکتوریل (2×3) با 6 تیمار و 5 تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره پایه شامل جیره استارتر و شیر کامل (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک، 3) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی، 4) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک و 5) جیره پایه + 3 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی ، 6) جیره پایه + 3 درصد گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک بودند. گوسالهها خوراکهای آزمایشی پلت شده را به صورت آزاد دریافت کردند و پس از یک ماه علوفه خشک وارد جیره غذایی شد. نتایج نشان داد که جیره­های آزمایشی بر مصرف ماده خشک در طول آزمایش نداشت. اما، افزودن 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب افزایش ماده خشک شد (05/0>P). همچنین سطح 5/1 درصد گیاه داوریی باعث کاهش سن از شیرگیری گوساله­ها شد (05/0>P). گوساله­های تغذیه شده با 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی و 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی پلاسمایی بالاتری داشتند (05/0>P). این مطالعه پیشنهاد می­کند که سطح 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب بهبود عملکرد، سیستم ایمنی و همچنین کاهش سن از شیرگیری در گوسالههای شیر خوار خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
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93 - ویژگیهای فیزیکی ومؤثر بودن فیزیکی تفاله چغندر برای نشخوارکنندگان
ا. تیموری یانسریتفاله چغندر به­ عنوان یک ماده خوراکی می­تواند به شیوه­های مختلف فرآوری شود. این پژوهش به­ منظور شناسایی ویژگیهای فیزیکی تفاله چغندر ریز (FBP)، معمولی (NBP) و پلت (PBP) انجام شد. فراسنجه­هایی مانند دانسیته توده­ای، روند آبگیری، جرم حجمی لحظه­ Moreتفاله چغندر به­ عنوان یک ماده خوراکی می­تواند به شیوه­های مختلف فرآوری شود. این پژوهش به­ منظور شناسایی ویژگیهای فیزیکی تفاله چغندر ریز (FBP)، معمولی (NBP) و پلت (PBP) انجام شد. فراسنجه­هایی مانند دانسیته توده­ای، روند آبگیری، جرم حجمی لحظه­ای (FSG)، ظرفیت نگهداری آب (WHC)، ماده خشک و خاکستر محلول و فشار اسمزی حقیقی (IOP) نمونه­ها سنجش شدند. توزیع اندازه ذرات، میانگین هندسی و انحراف معیار آن نیز مطابق با روشASAE S424.1 تعیین شدند. انواع تفاله­ها ترکیب شیمیایی یکسانی داشتند اما نیتروژن محلول در شوینده اسیدی، دانسیته توده­ای، WHC، نرخ آبگیری، ماده خشک محلول و IOP به ­طور معنی­داری متفاوت بودند. بیشترین (967/0 گرم در میلی­لیتر) و کمترین (623/0 گرم در میلی­لیتر) دانسیته توده­ای در PBP و NBP مشاهد شد. در FBP، NBP وPBP اندازه WHC به ترتیب برابر با 318/4، 261/5 و 881/4 گرم در ماده خشک؛ نرخ آبگیری 0527/0، 0663/0 و 0657/0 گرم به ازای ماده خشک در دقیقه بود. ریز و پلت کردن به ­طور معنی­داری WHC را کاهش داد. اندازه FSG درFBP از NBP و PBP بزرگتر بود (416/1 در برابر371/1 و 384/1). با کاهش اندازه ذرات در طی زمان انکوباسیون FSG تغییر یافت. در همه انواع تفاله­های چغندرFSG نهایی مشابه بود.FBP بیشترین ماده خشک محلول را داشت (61/28 در برابر 98/17 و 66/23 درصد ماده خشک اولیه در NBP و PBP). به­ علاوه، FBP بیشترین خاکستر محلول را داشت (18/45 در برابر 79/37 و 36/39 درصد ماده خشک اولیه در NBP و PBP). تفاله چغندر ریز بیشترین IOP را داشت و تفاوت معنی­داری بینNBP وPBP وجود نداشت. ویژگی­های فیزیکی مطالعه شده همبستگی بالایی با ترکیبات شیمیایی داشتند. دانسیته توده­ای همبستگی منفی با NDF، CP، NFC، نرخ آبگیری و ظرفیت نگهداری آب داشتند در حالیکه با ماده خشک، عصاره اتری، FSG، ماده خشک و خاکستر محلول و IOPهمبستگی مثبت وجود داشت. ظرفیت نگهداری آب همبستگی مثبت با ماده خشک، NDF، NFC، CP و EE داشتند اما با دانسیته توده­ای، FSG، ماده خشک و خاکستر محلول و IOPهمبستگی منفی وجود داشت. همبستگی منفی بالایی بین FSG با ماده خشک، NDF، NFC، CP، EE، نرخ آبگیری و WHC اما همبستگی مثبتی بین آن و دانسیته توده­ای، ماده خشک و خاکستر محلول و IOPوجود داشت. ویژگی­های فیزیکی تفاله چغندر در تعیین ارزش تغذیه­ای مواد خوراکی برای نشخوارکنندگان مفید است. این ویژگی­های فیزیکی مواد خوراکی می­توانند در نقش تغییردهنده­ای در فعالیت شکمبه-نگاری با تأثیر بر کمیت و کیفیت بیوشیمیایی فرآیند تجزیه مورد استفاده قرار بگیرند. Manuscript profile -
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94 - خصوصیات سیستم های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و میزان مشارکت اقتصادی آنها در مناطق کوهستانی اتیوپی
و. تسگا ب. تمیر ج. آبب ک. زارالیساین مطالعه به منظور توصیف سیستم­های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و اهمیت اقتصادی آنها در شهرهایDebre Berhan و Dessie و حومه آنها در اتیوپی آغاز شد. این مطالعه بر پایه مذاکرات گروهی، طراحی پرسشنامه و مشاهدات شخصی انجام گرفت. در هر دو منطقه اکثریت پرورش­دهندگان گوسف Moreاین مطالعه به منظور توصیف سیستم­های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و اهمیت اقتصادی آنها در شهرهایDebre Berhan و Dessie و حومه آنها در اتیوپی آغاز شد. این مطالعه بر پایه مذاکرات گروهی، طراحی پرسشنامه و مشاهدات شخصی انجام گرفت. در هر دو منطقه اکثریت پرورش­دهندگان گوسفند، مردان سرپرستان خانوار هستند که غالباً این افراد در نواحی شهری، تجار و در حومه شهرها، کشاورز می­باشند. متوسط اندازه خانواده در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan (4/5) بیشتر از حومه Dessie (8/4) بود. در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan، 3/39 درصد دارای اندازه زمین تملیکی بین 1 تا 2 هکتار بودند و در نواحی حومه Dessie 4/48 درصد از پاسخ­ دهندگان دارای اندازه زمین تملیکی کمتر از 5/0 هکتار بودند. تعداد جمعیت گوسفند و سایر حیوانات مزرعه­ای در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan بیشتر از حومه Dessie بود. به استثنای دانه­های خشک شده صنایع تخمیری تمامی انواع دیگر خوراک مورد استفاده برای پرورش گوسفند مشابه بودند ولی قابلیت دسترسی در میان نواحی مورد مطالعه متفاوت بود. در هر دو منطقه شهری و حومه شهرها عمده‌ی انواع خوراک در دسترس شامل مراتع طبیعی جهت چرا، علوفه خشک، بقایای گیاهان زراعی، سبوس گندم و کیک دانه­های روغنی، فرآورده­های جانبی حاصل از صنایع تخمیری محلی و فرآوری دانه­های بقولات بودند. پرورش گوسفند اولین منبع درآمد در منطقه Dessie و دومین منبع درآمد در منطقه Debre Berhan می­باشد. پرورش گوسفند در مناطق شهری و حومه شهرها به دلیل محسوب شدن به عنوان منبع درآمد و غذا برای افراد خانه­دار دارای مزایای اقتصادی است. هزینه بالای خوراک، عدم وجود نژادهای اصلاح شده و سرمایه و کمبود نیروی کار به عنوان محدودیت­های عمده به حساب می­آیند. شرایط مساعد آب و هوایی، قیمت مناسب بازار و قابلیت دسترسی به خوراک­های مکمل در مناطق شهری به عنوان عوامل سودمند در زمینه پرورش گوسفند محسوب می­شوند. اگرچه محدودیت­هایی برای پرورش گوسفند وجود دارند، ولی باید از فرصت­های موجود در زمینه پرورش گوسفند استفاده شود. انجام بسته­بندی مناسب و علمی مواد خوراکی از منابع خوراک محلی و در دسترس ضروری به نظر می­رسد. Manuscript profile -
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95 - The Potential of Tropical Agro-Industrial by-Products as a Functional Feed for Poultry
اس. سوگیهارتو ت. یودی‌آرتی آی. اسرولی م. ویدیاستوتی -
Open Access Article
96 - اثر سطوح مختلف مکمل روغن ماهی بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی
جی.ب. داس م.ای. حسین م.آ. اکبرششصد جوجه گوشتی یکروزه مخلوط دو جنس برای مقایسه اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف مکمل روغن ماهی بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در شرایط مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی و خصوصیات لاشه به مدت 42 روز در مرغداری دانشگاه دامپزشکی و علوم دامی چیتاگونگ مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. Moreششصد جوجه گوشتی یکروزه مخلوط دو جنس برای مقایسه اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف مکمل روغن ماهی بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی در شرایط مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی و خصوصیات لاشه به مدت 42 روز در مرغداری دانشگاه دامپزشکی و علوم دامی چیتاگونگ مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. جوجهها به طور تصادفی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار گروه با سه تکرار در هر گروه توزیع شدند. هر گروه از 150 قطعه جوجه و 50 پرنده در هر تکرار تشکیل شده بود. چهار جیره غذایی با استفاده از مواد خوراکی محلی در دسترس به عنوان جیره غذایی بدون روغن، جیرههای غذایی حاوی 5/2 درصد، 0/3 درصد و 5/3 درصد روغن ماهی فرموله شد. نتایج نشان داد که مکمل جیرههای غذایی با سطوح مختلف روغن ماهی به طور معنی داری (05/0>P) تفاوت در مصرف خوراک در سن 1، 3، 4 و 6 هفته داشتند. با این حال، اثر مکمل روغن ماهی بر ضریب تبدیل خوراک تا سن 5 هفته معنی دار نبود (05/0P>). در پایان هفته 6، ضریب تبدیل خوراک جوجههای گوشتی از گروههای مختلف غذایی به طور معنی داری متفاوت بود (05/0>P) به طور مشابه، تفاوت معنی داری (05/0P>) در بین هیچکدام از گروههای غذایی در اضافه وزن تا سن 3 هفته به جز در مراحل بعدی مشاهده نشد. جدا از هجده پارامتر، وزن ساق پا، وزن قلب، وزن استخوان ران و وزن چربی شکمی با مصرف مکمل روغن ماهی متفاوت بود (05/0>P). میتوان نتیجه گرفت که، افزودن مکمل روغن ماهی در سطح 5/2 درصد موجب بهترین مصرف تجمعی خوراک و ضریب تبدیل خوراک جوجههای گوشتی میشود. Manuscript profile -
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97 - Anatomo-Pathological Consequences of Mycotoxins Contamination in Rabbits Feed
آ. تینلی جی. پسانتینو آ. پریلو ن. زیزو -
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98 - اثر تغذیه مرطوب بر بازده تبدیل خوراک در مرغهای تخمگذار در فصل تابستان
هـ. اشرف وایز ل. گاوتام ر.ک. نگدا جی. احمد بهاتهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر تغذیه مرطوب بر بازده تبدیل خوراک در مرغ­های تخمگذار در فصل تابستان بود. این مطالعه روی 192 قطعه پولت با هشت هفته سن (توزیع شده در چهار گروه) انجام شد. خوراک ارائه شده به جوجه شامل جیره آغازین تا سن 8 هفتگی و جیره غذایی رشد تا سن 20 هفتگی Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثر تغذیه مرطوب بر بازده تبدیل خوراک در مرغ­های تخمگذار در فصل تابستان بود. این مطالعه روی 192 قطعه پولت با هشت هفته سن (توزیع شده در چهار گروه) انجام شد. خوراک ارائه شده به جوجه شامل جیره آغازین تا سن 8 هفتگی و جیره غذایی رشد تا سن 20 هفتگی بود. از هفته 20 به بعد، پرندگان با جیره غذایی تخمگذار تا پایان آزمایش تغذیه شدند. پرندگان گروه شاهد خوراک خشک دریافت نمودند. آب با خوراک در تیمار 2 (700 میلی­لیتر/کیلوگرم)، تیمار 3 (800 میلی­لیتر در کیلوگرم) و تیمار 4 (900 میلی­لیتر در کیلوگرم) مخلوط شد. این مطالعه به مدت 100 روز به طول انجامید. نتایج نشان داد که تغذیه مرطوب، بازده غذا (FCR) بر حسب کیلوگرم خوراک به ازای تعداد دوازده تخم مرغ و کیلوگرم خوراک به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن تخم را در مقایسه با کنترل بهبود بخشید. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان می­دهد بهبود در بازده تبدیل خوراک در همه گروه­ها نسبت به شاهد اما بسیار معنی­دار (05/0>P) بود و در گروه T3 که در آن آب در سطح 800 میلی­لیتر به کیلوگرم خوراک اضافه شده بود. Manuscript profile -
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99 - عملکرد رشدی و راندمان تبدیل خوراک تلیسه‌های آمیخته
ن.ک.د. نس م.آ. باست ن. زاهان شوشه اس.آ. بلال م. آکتاروزمان م.ن. اودیناین آزمایش برای بررسی عملکرد رشدی و راندمان تبدیل خوراک تلیسه­ های آمیخته در سنین مختلف در یک مزرعه گاو شیری دولتی در بوگرا بنگلادش انجام شد. دوازده رأس تلیسه آمیخته در چهار گروه مطابق سن (گروه A؛ 2±7 ماه، گروه B؛ 2±12 ماه، گروه C؛ 2±15 ماه؛ گرو Moreاین آزمایش برای بررسی عملکرد رشدی و راندمان تبدیل خوراک تلیسه­ های آمیخته در سنین مختلف در یک مزرعه گاو شیری دولتی در بوگرا بنگلادش انجام شد. دوازده رأس تلیسه آمیخته در چهار گروه مطابق سن (گروه A؛ 2±7 ماه، گروه B؛ 2±12 ماه، گروه C؛ 2±15 ماه؛ گروه D؛ 2±20 ماه) توزیع و از مخلوط خوراک کنسانتره، کاه برنج و علوفه فیل در سطح 2 درصد از وزن بدن تغذیه شدند. علوفه فیل و کاه برنج در نسبت 1 به 1 عرضه شدند. مخلوط کنسانتره در سطح 1 درصد از وزن بدن در اختیار تلیسه­ ها قرار گرفت. نتیجه اینکه، محتوای ماده خشک در مخلوط کنسانتره و کاه برنج بالاتر و در علوفه فیل پایین­تر بود. محتوای ماده آلی در علوفه فیل در مقایسه با کنسانتره و کاه برنج بالاتر بود. غلظت الیاف خام در کاه برنج در مقایسه با مخلوط کنسانتره و علوفه فیل بالاتر بود. مصرف ماده خشک و ماده آلی به­ طور معنی­داری در میان گروه­های تیماری متفاوت بود. مصرف پروتیین خام در گروه C بالاتر بود و توسط گروه­های B، D و A دنبال می­شد. وزن نهایی بدن در گروه D بالاتر از گروه ­های C، B و A بود. واحد مصرف ماده خشک با افزایش سن افزایش یافت و در گروه­های جوان پایین­ترین مقدار را داشت. تلیسه­ های گروه D مقادیر بالاتری از راندمان تبدیل خوراک را نشان دادند که توسط گروه­ های C، B و A دنبال می شد. تلیسه ­های 2±20 ماه سن نسبت به سایر سنین اقتصادی­ تر بودند. Manuscript profile -
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100 - بررسی اثرات وابسته به مقدار اسانسهای گیاهی مختلف اصلاح‌کننده فلور میکروبی شکمبه بر تجزیهپذیری پروتئین با استفاده از روش نوین برون تنی تولید گاز
م. دانش مسگران م.ر. نظری ع.ر. وکیلی ج. فلاحتی زو س. فداییهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات مقدار مختلف اسانس­های گیاهی آویشن و دارچین بر تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای پروتئین یک جیره کاملاً مخلوط تجاری دارای 16 درصد پروتئین خام با استفاده از روش نوین تولیدگاز بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از؛ جیره کاملاً مخلوط بدون ا Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات مقدار مختلف اسانس­های گیاهی آویشن و دارچین بر تجزیه­پذیری شکمبه­ای پروتئین یک جیره کاملاً مخلوط تجاری دارای 16 درصد پروتئین خام با استفاده از روش نوین تولیدگاز بود. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از؛ جیره کاملاً مخلوط بدون اسانس (تیمار شاهد)، شاهد + 25 میکرولیتر اسانس آویشن، شاهد + 50 میکرولیتر اسانس آویبشن، شاهد + 25 میکرولیتر اسانس دارچین و شاهد + 50 میکرولیتر اسانس دارچین. مایع شکمبه مورد استفاده در آزمایش از دو رأس گاو شیرده (دارای وزن 38±640 کیلوگرم) دارای فیستولای شکمبه­ای و قبل از غذا دهی صبحگاهی گرفته شد. حدود 90 میلی­لیتر مایع شکمبه بافری شده به 400 میلی­گرم خوراک و مخلوطی از کربوهیدرات­های سریع التخمیر (شامل مالتوز، زایلوز و نشاسته) با چهار سطح متفاوت (100، 200، 300 و 400 میلی­گرم) در شیشه­های کشت دارای درپیچ مخصوص اضافه شد. هر یک از اسانس­ها در سه حجم متفاوت (صفر، 25 و 50 میکرولیتر به ازای 90 میلی­لیتر مایع شکمبه) استفاده شدند. نمونه فاقد اسانس به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. در زمان­های 4، 8، 12، 24 و 30 ساعت پس از شروع کشت، میزان تولید گاز (برحسب میلی­لیتر) و غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی (بر حسب میلی­گرم) اندازه­گیری شد و تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین در شرایط برون تنی با استفاده از عرض از مبدأ معادله تابعیت خطی غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی (متغیر وابسته) و تولیدگاز (متغیر اصلی) محاسبه شد. هر دو اسانس آویشن و دارچین تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین جیره کاملاً مخلوط تجاری را نسبت به تیمار شاهد به طور معنی­داری کاهش دادند (05/0P<). تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین برای شاهد، تیمار حاوی 50 میکرولیتر اسانس آویشن و تیمار حاوی 50 میکرولیتر اسانس دارچین به ترتیب 56/0، 33/0 و 48/0 بود. مقدار هر یک از بخش­های سریع تجزیه­ شونده و کند تجزیه شونده پروتئین خوراک به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت (05/0P<). همچنین، تجزیه­پذیری مؤثر پروتئین در شکمبه نیز به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر اسانس­های گیاهی قرار گرفت (05/0P<). این نتایج نشان دادند که ممکن است بتوان از اسانس­های گیاهی در جهت دست ورزی تجزیه­پذیری پروتئین در شکمبه استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
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101 - ارزش تغذیهای بالقوه گونههای علوفه چریدنی حبوبات منتخب در نیجریه با استفاده از روش آزمایشگاهی تولید گاز
آ.آ. نجیدا آ.اً. اًلافادهان اچ.آ. آلکالیترکیب شیمیایی و تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی برخی از گونه­های چریدنی حبوبات ارزیابی شدند. پروتئین خام (CP) در Pterocarpus erinaceus در بالاترین سطح بود (05/0>P). فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی، فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی و تانن تغلیظ شده کُل (TCT) در Erythrina senegalensis در Moreترکیب شیمیایی و تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی برخی از گونه­های چریدنی حبوبات ارزیابی شدند. پروتئین خام (CP) در Pterocarpus erinaceus در بالاترین سطح بود (05/0>P). فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی، فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی و تانن تغلیظ شده کُل (TCT) در Erythrina senegalensis در بالاترین سطح قرار داشت (05/0>P). بیشترین مقدار لیگنین محلول در شوینده اسیدی در Parkia biglobosaوکمترین مقدارآن درAcacia seyal مشاهده شد.بالاترین مقدار تجزیه­پذیری آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک (IVOMD) درDesmodium relatinum (87/11 درصد) و کمترین مقدار آن در Fadhebia albida (29/74 درصد) به دست آمد. بالاترین حجم تولید گاز در 96 ساعت متعلق به Pterocarpus erinaceus (g DM 200/mg 33/29=GP) و کمترین آن مربوط به Parkia biglobosa (g DM 200/mL 00/2) بوده است. مقدار GP حاصل از بخش محلول (a) و حجم گاز تولیدی (mL) در زمان t (Y) در Pterocarpus erinaceus و Erythrina senegalensis در بالاترین سطح بوده است. بیشترین مقدار تولید گاز حاصل از بخش نامحلول ولی تجزیه­پذیر (b) و GP بالقوه (b + a) در Dicrostachys cinerea مشاهده شده است. نرخ GP (c) بین چراهای مختلف بدون الگویی مشخص تغییر نمود. CP چراها با زمان انکوباسیون در همه ساعت­ها و کلیه ویژگی­های تخمیر (a، c و Y) همبستگی مثبت معنی­داری داشت. فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) همبستگی مثبتی با زمان­های انکوباشیون و a، b + a و c نشان داد. فیبر محلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF) همبستگی منفی با ساعت­های انکوباسیون داشته ولی با خصوصیات تخمیر گازی رابطه مثبتی داشت. لیگنین محلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADL) و IVOMD همبستگی ضعیفی با ساعت­های انکوباسیون داشتند ولی رابطه آنها با برخی از ویژگی­های تخمیر قوی بود. تانن تغلیظ شده کُل (TCT) همبستگی مثبتی با زمان انکوباسیون 6، 12 ، 24 و 96 ساعت داشته ولی رابطه­اش با ویژگی­های تخمیر مثبت ولی ضعیف بوده است. محتوای فنلی همبستگی مثبت و قوی با زمان انکوباسیون 3، 6، 12 و 24 ساعت و a، c و Y داشت. بر مبنای CP نسبتاً بالا، سطوح متوسط فیبر و محتوای پایین تانن تغلیظ شده، می­توان نتیجه گرفت که علوفه حبوبات چرایی پتانسیل تغذیه­ای جهت خوراکدهی به نشخوارکنندگان در مناطق حاره­ای را دارند. Manuscript profile -
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102 - اثرات اندازه ذرات خوراک و اندازه کرامبل جیرههای آغازین بر صفات عملکردی، خصوصیات لاشه و بافت شناسی روده کوچک جوجههای گوشتی
ع. شیرانی م. شیوازاد ع. سمیع م. چمنی ع.ا. صادقیاین مطالعه جهت بررسی اثرات اندازه ذرات خوراک و اندازه کرامبل جیرههای آغازین بر صفات عملکردی، خصوصیات لاشه و بافت ­شناسی روده کوچک جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. 360 قطعه جوجه نر گوشتی سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل 2 &t Moreاین مطالعه جهت بررسی اثرات اندازه ذرات خوراک و اندازه کرامبل جیرههای آغازین بر صفات عملکردی، خصوصیات لاشه و بافت ­شناسی روده کوچک جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. 360 قطعه جوجه نر گوشتی سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل 2 × 3 پخش شدند که شامل سه اندازه ذرات خوراک غربال شده (500، 1000، 1500 میکرومتر) و دو اندازه کرامبل (5/1 و 5/2 میلی‌متر) بود. هر تیمار شامل 6 تکرار (10 پرنده در هر قفس) بود و جوجهها از سن 10-0 روزگی در قفس پرورش یافتند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که نه تنها اثرات اصلی بلکه اثرات متقابل بین اندازه ذرات خوراک و اندازه کرامبل هیچگونه تأثیر معنیداری بر وزن بدن و شاخص تولید جوجههای گوشتی در سن 10 روزگی نداشت. با این وجود، اثرات متقابل معنیداری (0.05˂P) بین اندازه ذرات خوراک و اندازه کرامبل برای خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و بازده خوراک مشاهده شد. اندازه ذرات خوراک تأثیر معنیداری (0.05˂P) بر وزن نسبی سنگدان داشت. افزایش اندازه ذرات خوراک به طور معنیدار (0.05˂P) وزن نسبی سنگدان را افزایش داد. اندازه ذرات خوراک 1500 میکرومتر و هم اندازه کرامبل 2.5 میلی‌متر به طور عددی منجر به کاهش خوراک مصرفی، بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی و بازده خوراک، افزایش شاخص تولید و کاهش وزن چربی محوطه شکمی گردید. اندازه کرامبل تأثیر معنیداری (0.05˂P) بر ضخامت نسبی عضله سنگدان داشت. هرچه اندازه کرامبل افزایش یافت، ضخامت نسبی عضله سنگدان به طور معنیداری (0.05˂P) کاهش یافت. تاثیر اندازه کرامبل بر افزایش ارتفاع پرز ایلئوم معنیدار بود (0.05˂P). در واقع، با افزایش اندازه کرامبل ارتفاع پرز ایلئوم به طور معنیدار (0.05˂P) کاهش یافت. اثر متقابل معنیداری (0.05˂P) بین اندازه ذرات خوراک و اندازه کرامبل برای خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، شاخص تولید و وزن نسبی سنگدان، ضخامت نسبی عضله سنگدان و وزن چربی سنگدان مشاهده شد. در جیرههای ساخته شده با اندازه ذرات خوراک 1500 میکرومتر و اندازه کرامبل 1.5 میلی‌متر به طور معنیداری (0.05˂P) خوراک مصرفی کاهش و ضریب تبدیل غذایی و بازده خوراک افزایش یافت. در نتیجه، مشاهده شد که پرندگانی که از جیره با اندازه ذرات خوراک درشت‌‌تر (1500 میکرومتر) و اندازه کرامبل ریزتر (1.5 میلی‌متر) تغذیه کردند، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و بازده خوراک بهتری داشتند که به دلیل بهبود توسعه سنگدان و فراسنجه‌های بافت­شناسی روده کوچک بود. Manuscript profile -
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103 - اندازه گیری ظرفیت جذب اسید اقلام خوراکی طیور در آب دیونیزه و مغناطیسی
ع. گیلانی ح. کرمانشاهی ا. گلیان م. قلی زاده ا.ع. محمدپورظرفیت جذب اسید (ABC) یک خوراک مقدار اسید مورد نیاز برای کاهش pH خوراک به یک سطح خاص مثلاً 3 میباشد. اقلام مختلف خوراکی از کارخانجات مختلف خوراک دام و طیور در ایران جمع­آوری شدند. مقدار ABC و pH به روش­های استاندارد در آب­های دیونیزه (مغناطیسی نشده) و مغناط Moreظرفیت جذب اسید (ABC) یک خوراک مقدار اسید مورد نیاز برای کاهش pH خوراک به یک سطح خاص مثلاً 3 میباشد. اقلام مختلف خوراکی از کارخانجات مختلف خوراک دام و طیور در ایران جمع­آوری شدند. مقدار ABC و pH به روش­های استاندارد در آب­های دیونیزه (مغناطیسی نشده) و مغناطیسی در دماهای 21 و 41 درجه سانتی‌گراد اندازه­گیری شدند. میزان pH بیشتر خوراک­ها در آب مغناطیسی در مقایسه با آب دیونیزه افزایش یافت. میزان pH بیشتر اقلام خوراکی به­وی‍ژه اسیدهای آلی در آب 41 درجه نسبت به دمای 21 درجه سانتی‌گراد کاهش یافت. منابع انرژی همراه با اسیدهای آمینه مصنوعی، نمک معمولی و بعضی افزودنی­ها مانند پری­بیوتیک و زئولیت کمترین مقدارهای ABC (کمتر از 400 میلیاکیوالان در کیلوگرم) را داشتند. منابع پروتئینی و برخی مکمل­ها و افزودنی­ها دارای ABC متوسط (بین 400 تا 1000 میلی­اکی­والان در کیلوگرم) بودند و ویتامین­ها و مواد‌معدنی بیشترین میزان ABC (بیش از 1000 میلی­اکی­والان در کیلوگرم) را در بین همه اقلام خوراکی داشتند که در بین آنها کربنات‌کلسیم، بیکربنات‌سدیم، فرمات‌آمونیوم و پروپیونات‌کلسیم بالاترین مقدار را داشتند. پلت کردن اثر معنی­داری بر ABC و pH جیره کامل نداشت. اکسترود کردن ABC دانه سویا را تغییر نداد، اما به طور معنی­داری ABC دانه کتان را افزایش داد. این نتایج نشان می­دهند که نوع ماده خوراکی، نوع فرآوری، ماده مورد استفاده برای محلول به­ویژه تیمار مغناطیسی و دمای محیط عوامل تعیین‌کننده­ای برای مقدار ABC خوراک طیور می­باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - تأثیر مصرف خوراکی کولین محافظت شده و ویتامین E بر تولید شیر، ترکیبات شیر، ماده خشک مصرفی، امتیاز وضعیت بدنی و وزن بدن در گاوهای اوایل دوره شیردهی
M. Rahmani M. Dehghan-Banadaky R. Kamalyanبه منظور بررسی اثرات مصرف کولین محافظت شده یا ویتامین E بر تولید شیر، ترکیبات شیر، ماده خشک مصرفی، امتیاز وضعیت بدنی و وزن بدن در گاوهای اوایل دوره شیردهی، تعداد 24 رأس گاو هلشتاین یک شکم‌زا و چند شکم‌زا که در هفته پنجم شیردهی قرار داشتند، به مدت چهار هفته مورد آزمایش ق Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات مصرف کولین محافظت شده یا ویتامین E بر تولید شیر، ترکیبات شیر، ماده خشک مصرفی، امتیاز وضعیت بدنی و وزن بدن در گاوهای اوایل دوره شیردهی، تعداد 24 رأس گاو هلشتاین یک شکم‌زا و چند شکم‌زا که در هفته پنجم شیردهی قرار داشتند، به مدت چهار هفته مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. گاوها به طور تصادفی به یکی از گروههای زیر اختصاص یافتند: I- بدون دریافت مکمل (شاهد) II- دریافت کننده کولین محافظت شده (90 گرم در روز) و III- دریافت کننده ویتامین E (4400 واحد بین المللی در روز). در این مطالعه، مصرف کولین یا ویتامین E بر ماده خشک مصرفی، وزن بدن، امتیاز وضعیت بدنی، تولید شیر، درصد و محصول اجزای تشکیل دهنده شیر به غیر از درصد مواد جامد بدون چربی در گروه کولین، تأثیری نداشت (05/0P>). مصرف کولین محافظت شده سبب افزایش درصد مواد جامد بدون چربی شیر در مقایسه با گروه شاهد و گروه ویتامین E گردید (05/0>P). نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که مصرف کولین یا ویتامین E در جیره گاوهای اوایل دوره شیردهی تأثیری بر تولید شیر، ترکیبات شیر، ماده خشک مصرفی، وضعیت شرایط بدنی و وزن بدن نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - عملکرد و بررسی اقتصادی استفاده از روغن سویا، نخل و ماهی در جیره غذایی جوجههای گوشتی
G.B. Das M.E. Hossain M.A. Akbar600 جوجه گوشتی تعیین جنسیت نشده یک روزه در یک آزمایش 35 روزه برای مقایسه اثرات روغن سویا، روغن نخل و روغن ماهی بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی شامل مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی استفاده شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار گروه با سه تکرار در More600 جوجه گوشتی تعیین جنسیت نشده یک روزه در یک آزمایش 35 روزه برای مقایسه اثرات روغن سویا، روغن نخل و روغن ماهی بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی شامل مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی استفاده شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار گروه با سه تکرار در هر تیمار توزیع شدند. در هر تیمار 150 و در هر تکرار 50 پرنده قرار داده شدند. چهار جیره غذایی با استفاده از مواد خوراکی در دسترس فرموله شد که شامل جیره غذایی بدون روغن، جیره غذایی حاوی 3/0 درصد روغن سویا، 3/0 درصد روغن نخل و 3/0 درصد روغن ماهی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن انواع مختلف روغن بر مصرف خوراک جوجههای گوشتی تا هفته 2 تأثیر نمی‌گذارد (05/0P>) اما در 3، 4 و 5 هفته افزایش می‌یابد (05/0P<). افزایش وزن زنده جوجه در میان گروهها تا سن 3 هفته متفاوت نبود (05/0P>) البته در هفته 4 تفاوت داشت. بالاترین افزایش وزن زنده در هفته 4 در 3/0 درصد روغن ماهی گروه مشاهده شد. گروه روغن نخل حداقل تبدیل غذایی را نشان داد که فقط از گروه روغن ماهی متفاوت بود. هزینه خوراک در جوجههای گوشتی که روغن ماهی دریافت نمودند بیشتر از گروه بدون روغن، روغن نخل و روغن سویا بود. کل هزینه برای جوجههای گوشتی نیز در میان گروههای متفاوت بود (01/0P<). سود خالص بیان شده به دلار به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن زنده جوجه بین تیمارها متفاوت نبود (05/0P>). حداکثر سود خالص از پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی روغن نخل و حداقل از جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی روغن سویا بدست آمد. نتیجه‌گیری میشود که افزودن روغن ماهی در سطح 3/0 درصد سبب افزایش کمی در وزن زنده و خوراک تبدیل بیش از گروهی که از همان سطح از روغن سویا و نخل دریافت نمودند، میشود. با این حال، سود خالص و همچنین قیمت هر کیلوگرم گوشت مرغ زنده در مکمل روغن نخل نسبتاً بالاتر از روغن سویا و روغن ماهی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Evaluation of Moringa Foliage (Moringa oleifera) as Goat Feed
ن. سولتانا ا.ر. آلیمون کا.اس. هوکیو م. بابا جی. حسین -
Open Access Article
107 - Genetics of Body Conformation and Feed Efficiency Characteristics in a Control Line of Rhode Island Red Chicken
آ.کا. داس اس. کومار آ. رحیم -
Open Access Article
108 - تاثیر اسید آمینه‌های آرژنین، پرولین و گلوتامین برخصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گل جعفری (.Tagetes erecta L)
فاطمه رئوف حق پرور داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانیگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا به‌عنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور تولید گل‌های جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل د Moreگل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا به‌عنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور تولید گل‌های جعفری با روشهای سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو رقم گل جعفری (زرد و نارنجی)، 3 نوع اسید آمینه آرژنین، گلوتامین و پرولین در 3 سطح (100، 500 و 1000 میکرومولار) و تیمار شاهد (آب مقطر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسیدهای آمینه روی صفات ارزیابی شده اثر مثبت دارند و تیمار 100 میکرومولار آرژنین در صفات تعداد برگ، قطر گل، وزن تر و ماده خشک شاخساره، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در رقم نارنجی موفق‌ترین تیمار است. در رقم زرد، بیشترین تعداد برگ، وزن تر شاخساره، ماده خشک ریشه، کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز، کمترین نشت یونی و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز برای تیمار 1000 میکرومولار پرولین ثبت شد. بیشترین فنل کل در هر دو رقم برای 100 میکرومولار آرژنین ثبت شد. با کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه مقدار فلاونوئیدها در هر دو رقم گل جعفری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بنابراین کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه بخصوص آرژنین (100 میکرومولار) و پرولین (1000 میکرومولار) به‌ترتیب برای تولید جعفری ’نارنجی‘ و ’زرد‘ به روش آلی و ارگانیک مناسب بوده و توصیه میشوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - تاثیر اسید جیبرلیک و نیتروژن بر ویژگیهای خوراکی بنفشه بومی (Viola odorata) و تجاری (Viola tricolor)
ندا نکویار روح انگیز نادری داود هاشم آبادی علی محمدی ترکاشوندپرورش گل‌های خوراکی از جمله بنفشه که بومی ایران است راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش دسترسی بشر به این منابع جدید و با ارزش غذایی است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر اثر متقابل اسید جیبرلیک (GA) (0، 150 و 300 میلیگرم در لیتر) و نیتروژن (N) (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی ویژگی Moreپرورش گل‌های خوراکی از جمله بنفشه که بومی ایران است راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش دسترسی بشر به این منابع جدید و با ارزش غذایی است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر اثر متقابل اسید جیبرلیک (GA) (0، 150 و 300 میلیگرم در لیتر) و نیتروژن (N) (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی ویژگیهای دو گونه بنفشه (Viola tricolor and Viola odorata) بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید جیبرلیک و نیتروژن بطور معناداری موجب بهبود ویژگیهای خوراکی در هر دو رقم بنفشه میشود. بطوری‌که بیشترین پروتئین، کاروتنوئید، آهن و روی گلبرگ در هر دو گونه بنفشه با کاربرد "GA300 × N200" بدست آمد. مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ در بنفشه معطر با کاربرد "GA0 × N100" (58.32 mg 100g-1 F.W.) و در بنفشه تجاری با کاربرد "GA300 × N100" (66.84 mg 100g-1 F.W.) بیشترین مقدار بود. بنفشه تجاری از نظر سلنیوم غنی‌تر از بنفشه معطر بود و تیمارهای "GA300 × N200"، "GA300 × N100" و "GA150 × N200" بیشترین غلظت سلنیوم را در بنفشه تجاری بخود اختصاص دادند. در هر دو نوع بنفشه بیشترین فلاونوئید طول موج‌های 300 و 330 نانومتر با کاربرد "GA300 × N200" و "GA150 × N200" بدست آمد. اما اثر تیمارها روی فلاونوئید 270 نانومتر معنیدار نبود. ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بنفشه معطر بیشتر از بنفشه تجاری بود و بیشترین ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در بنفشه معطر (84.83 % DPPHsc) و بنفشه تجاری (78.17 % DPPHsc) با کاربرد "GA150 × N200" حاصل شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، دو رقم بنفشه مورد مطالعه به‌عنوان منابع موثری از پروتئین، عناصر معدنی و ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی معرفی میشوند. همچنین کاربرد "GA300 × N200" و "GA150 × N200"جهت بهبود ویژگیهای خوراکی این دو گونه گیاهی پیشنهاد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Antioxidant Compounds, Minerals, and Nutrients of Different Chrysanthemum Genotypes
Hora Bayanifar Davood Hashemabadi Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Behzad KavianiChrysanthemum is a major ornamental flower in the world that is important medicinally and nutritionally. This research in 2022 investigated on 20 chrysanthemum genotypes produced and bred in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat with regard to their nutritio MoreChrysanthemum is a major ornamental flower in the world that is important medicinally and nutritionally. This research in 2022 investigated on 20 chrysanthemum genotypes produced and bred in the Ornamental Plants Research Center of Mahallat with regard to their nutritional, mineral, and antioxidant compounds in a completely randomized design . The results showed that the genotypes differed in all studied traits. The highest Ca (74.1 mg/kg FW), Fe (2.231 mg/kg FW), and Se (0.233 mg/kg FW) were obtained from codes 326, 110, and 562, respectively. The highest Zn content (0.315 mg/kg FW) was related to codes 562 and 134. Codes 540 and 603 were related to the highest vitamin A (0.086 mg/kg) and vitamin C (13.58 mg/100 g FW), respectively. Code 751 had the highest protein level of 1.483%. Codes 540 and 138 exhibited the lowest and highest fiber percentages of 13.06 and 22.34%, respectively. The best genotypes in petal anthocyanins and carotenoids were codes 674 and 108, respectively. codes 684 and 354 had the highest and code 751 had the lowest flavonoid content. The highest and lowest total phenols were observed in codes 326 and 462, respectively. Based on the results, the 20 genotypes of chrysanthemum bred and produced in Iran can be used as a new and available food source to partially supply the nutrient requirement of the human body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - تاثیر پوشش های بسته بندی و ترکیب گازی بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گل همیشه بهار
داود عطایی روح انگیز نادری مصباح بابالار محمد موسویگل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به­ عنوان یکی از گل­ های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می­ شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته­ بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته­ بندی­ های پلاستیک Moreگل همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L) به­ عنوان یکی از گل­ های رایج خوراکی نیز شناخته می­ شود. در این تحقیق بهبود ارزش غذایی و ماندگاری گل همیشه بهار با پوشش بسته­ بندی و ترکیب گازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گل همیشه بهار در بسته­ بندی­ های پلاستیکی ساخته شده از پلی ­اتیلن، پلی ­آمید و ترکیب این دو پوشش با ترکیب گاز (5 % اکسیژن+5 % دی اکسید کربن؛ 5 درصد اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن؛ 5 % اکسیژن+20 % دی اکسید کربن) یا بدون ترکیب گاز همراه با شاهد (بدون بسته­ بندی) قرار داده شد. این بسته‌ها به سردخانه در دمای 4 درجه سانتی‌گراد منتقل شدند و برای ارزیابی صفات مورد نظر در روزهای 0، 5، 10 و 15 نمونه‌برداری انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش زمان نگهداری در تمامی تیمارها، میزان کاهش وزن، نشت یون و پوسیدگی افزایش یافت و محتوای نسبی آب، فنل کل، فلاونوئیدها و کاروتنوئیدها کاهش یافت. در عین حال استفاده از بسته ­بندی پلی ­اتیلن و پلی ­آمید همراه با ترکیب گازی باعث بهبود کیفیت ظاهری و تغذیه ­ای گل ها شد. در بین تمامی تیمارها، تیمار ترکیبی 5 %اکسیژن+10 % دی اکسیدکربن و پوشش پلی­ اتیلن + پلی­ آمید اثرات بهتری در حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری گل‌های همیشه بهار خوراکی داشت. در نتیجه با توجه به ارزش غذایی و دارویی گل همیشه بهار می ­توان از این تیمار به­ عنوان روشی موثر و ایمن برای افزایش ماندگاری و حفظ کیفیت ظاهری و ترکیبات بیوشیمیایی این گیاه استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - بررسی شش رقم گل رز از نظر مواد معدنی، ویتامین ها و ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی
فیروزه پورزرنگار داود هاشم آبادی محمد صادق اللهیاریاز گل رز که ملکه گل‌های زینتی است در آشپزی نوین به‌عنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید و غنی از ترکیبات مغذی و زیست‌فعال استفاده میشود. با وجود محبوبیت گل رز در آشپزی، هنوز ارقام و گونههای زیادی از این گل از نظر خوراکی بودن آزمایش نشده‌اند. از این‌رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ترک Moreاز گل رز که ملکه گل‌های زینتی است در آشپزی نوین به‌عنوان یک منبع غذایی جدید و غنی از ترکیبات مغذی و زیست‌فعال استفاده میشود. با وجود محبوبیت گل رز در آشپزی، هنوز ارقام و گونههای زیادی از این گل از نظر خوراکی بودن آزمایش نشده‌اند. از این‌رو مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ترکیبات مغذی، معدنی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی 6 رقم گل رز (Hella, Crimson Siluetta, Rainbows End, Dolce Vita, Samurai, Avalanche) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. ارقام مورد نظر در مرحله گل کاملا باز از یک تولید کننده معتبر در استان تهران خریداری و در بستهبندی مناسب به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. از گلبرگ‌های ارقام ذکر شده جهت تعیین ویژگیهای خوراکی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که "Crimson Siluetta" از نظر درصد ماده خشک (22.75 %)، فنل کل ( 20.20 میلی گرم گالیک اسید در هر گرم وزن تر)، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (85.83 درصد بازدارندگی)، فسفر (33.48 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) و منگنز (2.76 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) غنی‌تر از سایر رقم‌هاست. بهترین ارقام از نظر ویتامین ث و آنتوسیانین "Crimson Siluetta" و "Samurai" بودند که از نظر آماری اختلاف معناداری با هم نداشتند. غنی‌ترین ارقام از نظر فلاونوئید کل، کاروتنوئید، نیتروژن و پروتئین به‌ترتیب "Rainbows End" و " Dolce Vita" بودند. "Dolce Vita" بیشترین مقدار ویتامین آ (0.38 میکروگرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) و گوگرد (356 میلی گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر) را داشت. بیشترین فیبر، آهن، روی، مس، کلسیم، منیزیم، نیکل و بر برای "Hella" ثبت شد که به‌همراه "Samurai" بهترین رقم‌ها از نظر پتاسیم بودند. بطورکلی هر 6 رقم رز مورد مطالعه منبع مناسبی از عناصر معدنی، ترکیبات مغذی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی هستند و در بین آنها "Hella" از نظر فیبر و عناصر معدنی، "Crimson Siluetta" از نظر ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدانی و "Dolce Vita" و "Rainbows End" از نظر ویتامین آ و کاروتنوئیدها منابع غنی‌تری بودند و جهت استفاده در رژیم غذایی انسان و بهره‌مندی از مزایای سلامتی آنها توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - آزمون جدایی پذیری ضعیف و برآورد سیستم تقاضای کالاهای خوراکی منتخب در خانوارهای شهری ایران ( مطالعه موردی: مرکبات، صیفی جات و سبزیجات)
امین دلاور غلامرضا یاوری سعید یزدانی افشین امجدی ابوالفضل محمودیوجود جدایی­پذیری در تابع مطلوبیت مصرف­کنندگان شرط لازم و کافی برای بودجه­­بندی چند مرحله­ای و جمعی­سازی سازگار کالاهاست که در آن مخارج با استفاده از شاخص­های قیمت بین گروه­های خوراکی تخصیص داده می­شود و تخصیص درون­گروهی هم به طور Moreوجود جدایی­پذیری در تابع مطلوبیت مصرف­کنندگان شرط لازم و کافی برای بودجه­­بندی چند مرحله­ای و جمعی­سازی سازگار کالاهاست که در آن مخارج با استفاده از شاخص­های قیمت بین گروه­های خوراکی تخصیص داده می­شود و تخصیص درون­گروهی هم به طور مستقل از سایر گروه­ها صورت می­گیرد. در این مطالعه از تابع تقاضای روتردام برای تعیین الگوی مصرف کالاهای منتخب (مرکبات، صیفی جات و سبزیجات) در ایران استفاده شده است. برای این منظور از داده­های مقطع عرضی در سال 1396 که از طریق بانک مرکزی و مرکز آمار ایران جمع آوری گردیده، استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از آزمون­های جدایی­پذیری این فرضیه را که مصرف­کنندگان ابتدا درآمد خود را بین کالاهای منتخب به صورت سه گروه مرکب (مرکبات، صیفی­جات و سبزیجات) تخصیص داده و سپس عمل تخصیص درآمد بین انواع زیررده­های آنها که بر اساس گروه­بندی صورت گرفته، را تایید می­نماید. همچنین نتایج تخمین سیستم تقاضا نشان داد ﻫﻤـﻪ ﮔﺮوه­های ﻛـﺎﻻﻳﻲ، دارای کشش قیمتی خودی منفی هستند. در این میان کشش قیمتی گروه­ مرکبات (پرتقال، نارنگی و لیمو)، گروه صیفی­جات (سیب زمینی، گوجه فرنگی و پیاز) و گروه سبزیجات (سبزی­های برگی) به ترتیب برابر 83/0-، 48/0-، 91/0- می­باشند. با توجه به کشش درآمدی که برای سه گروه کالایی محاسبه شده است، گروه دوم کالاها (سیب زمینی، گوجه فرنگی و پیاز) نسبت به سایر گروه­ها، کالایی ضروری­تر است که باید در سیاست­های دولت در رابطه با تولید و قیمت­گذاری محصولات کشاورزی لحاظ شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The effect of glucose, sucrose, lactose carbon sources on the growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate
atefeh farjadmanesh seyed ahmad ataeiBackground & Objectives: Polyhydroxyalkanates are a group of polymers that are produced by many bacteria when they enter the growing phase in the presence of mineral sources. The Objective of this study is investigattion of the different culture containing carbon so MoreBackground & Objectives: Polyhydroxyalkanates are a group of polymers that are produced by many bacteria when they enter the growing phase in the presence of mineral sources. The Objective of this study is investigattion of the different culture containing carbon sources of glucose, sucrose, lactose, combination of these carbon sources, on the growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus to produce biodegradable polymers of hydroxy butyrate-valerate. Materials & Methods: In this study Alcaligenes eutrophus was identified In order to producing of hydroxybutyrate-valerate and investigation of the effect of the different carbon sources on the production. To perform experiments, in fed-batch mode, acetic acid and propionic acid combination with acetic acid as a source of volatile fatty acid was added to the culture in a stepwise manner. The culture with inoculated bacteri were transferred to incubator at 32°C, 120 rpm and retention time of 72 hours, for to incubation and polymer production. Results: The results of this study showed that the source of glucose as carbon with acetic acid produced the highest amount of hydroxybutyrate-valerate (HB= 3.4860 g/l and HV=0.7940 g/l). Also, the lowest amount of hydroxybutyrate production (HB= 2.3124 g/l) is Because of using sucrose as the carbon source and the combination of acetic acid and propionic acid. Conclusion: The results showed that Alcaligenes eutrophus used carbon source of glucose and fatty acid source of acetic acid more than other sources of carbon Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Preparation and characterization of cobalt-manganese-cerium nanocatalyst in order to applying in the Fischer-Tropsch process and study the operating conditions on the activity of the catalyst
Hesam Aldin Hashemzehi Ali Akbar Mirzaei Amin BehzadmehrOne of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry is Fisher-Tropes synthesis. In this process, the synthesis gas, which mainly contains H2 and CO gases, is converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons. The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalytic process that ca MoreOne of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry is Fisher-Tropes synthesis. In this process, the synthesis gas, which mainly contains H2 and CO gases, is converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons. The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalytic process that catalyst is an important and determining part of this process. Therefore, in this study, the cobalt-manganese-cerium tri-metal catalyst based on alumina (Al2O3) was prepared by the wet impregnation method. The optimal catalyst was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) techniques. Surface area of the catalyst was measured by BET method. The fabricated catalyst was used to perform the Fisher-Tropes process in a laboratory fixed-bed microreactor and the effect of operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and feed ratio on the selectivity and activity of the catalyst were investigated. According to the results, a temperature of 300 °C, pressure of 1 atm, and feed molar ratio of H2 / CO = 1.1 were selected as the optimal operating conditions of the catalyst. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Role of Sacred Objects in Healing: A Classification and Analysis with Focus on Key Mystical Prose Texts from the First Seven Centuries of Hijri
Afrooz KHodabandeloo s.mohsen hosseini s.ali ghasemzadehHealing is considered one of the most significant virtues of Sufi masters, with some instances involving the use of sacred and blessed objects associated with them. This research delves into the role of such objects within some Persian mystical texts using a descriptive MoreHealing is considered one of the most significant virtues of Sufi masters, with some instances involving the use of sacred and blessed objects associated with them. This research delves into the role of such objects within some Persian mystical texts using a descriptive-analytical approach that takes into account mythological and religious contexts. Through the study, it is observed that healing objects fall into three main categories: first, writings, such as manuscripts, amulets, and charms; second, the garments and various coverings worn by Sufi masters, including cloaks, shirts, coats, hats, and sandals; and finally, consumables, like partially eaten food, saliva, and items like toothpicks. What binds these diverse objects together is their shared attribute of being sanctified, blessed, and imbued with healing properties, attributed to them through their connection with Sufi elders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Accumulation of Cadmium and Lead in Edible Tissues of (Rutilus frisii kutum) in the Anzali Wetland
A. A. Khanipour M. Seifzadeh M. Ahmadi Gh Zare GashtiThis study intends to evaluate the accumulation of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in the edible tissue of whitefish in Anzali Lagoon and comparewith international standards of FDA and FAO. Whitefish were caught from the west, central and east regions of Anzali La MoreThis study intends to evaluate the accumulation of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in the edible tissue of whitefish in Anzali Lagoon and comparewith international standards of FDA and FAO. Whitefish were caught from the west, central and east regions of Anzali Lagoon. Sampling was conducted in the fall season. Levels of heavy metals were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The average concentration of cadmium in whitefish from center of wetlands was 0.05 μg/g, in western and eastern parts of wetland was 0.03 μg/g dry weight, respectively. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the levels of cadmium in different parts of the lagoon. The average concentration of lead in whitefish in the western parts of wetlands was 0.33 μg/g, in central and eastern parts 0.53 and 0.41 μg/g dry weight, respectively. No significant difference (P> 0.05) was noticed in the lead levels in different parts of the lagoon. Pb in central region of wetland showed no significant increase compared with international standards. Cd concentration in all parts of the lagoon was within the range of international standards Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - تحلیل عوامل موثر بر اشتغال بخش کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی استان ایلام، کردستان، کرمانشاه و همدان)
هادی محمدی نعمت فلیحی صمد باقر آبادی -
Open Access Article
119 - استفاده از حسابداری و روش های آن در خصوص محصولات کشاورزی (مطالعه موردی: قارچ خوراکی)
کامبیز فرقاندوست حقیقی محمد صیادی -
Open Access Article
120 - Comparison of Yield and Yield Components of Six Short-day Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars and Landrace Affected by Transplant Age in Minab Region, Iran
hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani Abdolhossein AboutalebiIn order to evaluate yield and yield components of five short-day onion cultivars and one landrace as influenced by transplant age, was performed an experiment in randomized complete block design as split plot with three replications in Agricultural Research station of MoreIn order to evaluate yield and yield components of five short-day onion cultivars and one landrace as influenced by transplant age, was performed an experiment in randomized complete block design as split plot with three replications in Agricultural Research station of Minab, Hormozgan, Iran. The main plot was allocated to transplant age including 50, 60 and 70 days and the sub plot to onion cultivars including GVS 36388, GVS 36612, GVS 36812, Baluchi native cultivar, Primavera and Mineroa. The evaluated characteristics were including length and diameter of bulb, bulb shape index, bulb weight average, weight percent of multi-bulbing and bolting, total and marketable yield. Results showed that the highest marketable yield obtained in Primavera cultivar (34.503 ton/ha) and the lowest in Baluchi cultivar (16.107 ton/ha). Generally, 60 days transplant age was better than 50 and 70 days and this superiority completely was obvious in the most characteristics and all cultivars. Beside, Primavera and Mineroa cultivars, with having higher average bulb weight and yield and lower multi-bulbing and bolting, had better relative potential than other cultivars. Totally, according to the bulb production potential of Baluchi cultivar as well as high price of the imported onion cultivars seed and exit foreign exchange from our country, improving undesirable traits of bolting and multi-bulbing in this cultivar can be help to supply desirable seed of this cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - شناسایی و پراکنش صدف های خوراکی و تزئینی در خط ساحلی استان بوشهر، خلیج فارس
نصیر نیامیمندی اردشیر یاراحمدی عبدالحسن تنگستانی -
Open Access Article
122 - Effect of Starvation Intensity and Compensatory Growth Phenomenon on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Chemical Composition of Lambs of Lori Sheep Breeds
Behrouz Yarahmadi Mohsen Mohamadi Saei Alireza CheqeniThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of the starvation intensity and period compensatory growth on the carcass characteristics and meat chemical composition of the lambs of Lori sheep breeds. Fifty-four male Lori lambs were selected. The experimental facto MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of the starvation intensity and period compensatory growth on the carcass characteristics and meat chemical composition of the lambs of Lori sheep breeds. Fifty-four male Lori lambs were selected. The experimental factors were for the starvation period at two levels (35 and 45 days) and the starvation intensity with three levels (ad libitum, 80%, and 60%) which was based on a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design (2×3) with three replications. At the end of the experiment, daily weight gain, final weight, feed conversion ratio, and feed intake were calculated. Furthermore, the carcass characteristics, the cost of production per kg of gain carcass and lean meat were calculated. The percentage of dry matter, ash, crude fat, and crude protein were determined for the meat chemical composition. Results showed that there was a significant difference among average daily gain, dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio the feed restriction period (p < 0.05). At the end of compensatory growth, restricted groups with 35 days of starvation gained more ADG than other treatments (p < 0.05). During the compensatory growth period, FCR in the feed restriction treatments decreased compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). The results of carcass traits in the feed restriction period showed that the most carcass traits in the control treatments were higher than the restriction groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the fat tail weight and percentage and total carcass fat were higher in the control treatment were higher than all restriction groups. In this case, the food restriction groups of 35 and 45 days of starvation had the highest lean meat during the period of restriction and compensatory growth. The study showed that the lambs under 60 percent feed restriction with 35 days of starvation were preferable due to higher ADG, better FCR, and more suitable carcass traits, as well as the higher percentage of lean meat than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The Effect of Textured Starter Feed with Low and High Determination of Protein to Energy Ratio on Digestibility, Rumen and Blood Parameters of Holstein Calves
Ali Esmaili Amirdavor Faruzandeh Hossein Omidi-Mirzaei Mohammad Karimi Behzad Akhlaghi Kian SadeghiThe current study was conducted to evaluate the interaction between different levels of protein and feed structure on performance in calves. Accordingly, a total number of 48 Holstein calves (A mixture of both sexes) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 1 MoreThe current study was conducted to evaluate the interaction between different levels of protein and feed structure on performance in calves. Accordingly, a total number of 48 Holstein calves (A mixture of both sexes) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 12 replicate pens, based on a factorial design. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) ground starter with % 18 CP, 2) ground starter with % 22 CP, 3) texture starter with % 18 CP and 4) texture starter with % 22 CP. In this study, digestibility of nutrients, rumen and blood parameters of suckling calves were measured. The interaction between the main effects for the amount of beta-hydroxybutyrate in the blood on the 70th day of the experiment was significant (p < 0.05). In this way, flour feed with 18% protein had the lowest amount of beta-hydroxybutyrate. The interaction between the main effects for other blood parameters was not significant (p < 0.05). The interaction between the main effects for ruminal parameters and digestibility was not affected by the form and protein level of the initial feed (p < 0.05). In general, there was no significant difference between the textured feed and coarse grinding, and the protein level of 18 and 22% was not observed in the tested groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Effect of Two-Component Coating of Sodium Caseinate and Marjoram Extract on Fat and Oxidative Degradation Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at Refrigerator Temperature
Mehran Moslemi Meghdad Aminirad Masoud HedayatifardThe present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium ca MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium caseinate and marjoram extract with dilution of 1 and 2% and non-extracted sodium caseinate. In order to investigate the effect of coatings, a group was considered as control and non-coating treatment. Fish fillets are immersed in the prepared solution for each treatment and then at room temperature to make the coating appropriate on them. The measurement of chemical parameters of FFA, TVN, TBA, PV and FAT was performed on zero, five and fifteen days. Based on the data obtained in FFA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments. But in the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TVN values, there was no significant difference in zero day between treatments, but in the fifth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TBA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments, but this difference was significantly observed on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days between treatments (p < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the zero day for PV values. During the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). Based on data, this process was repeated for FAT values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Effects of Replacing Mineral Selenium Supplement with Selenium Nanoparticles on Feed Digestibility and Ruminal Parameters of suckling Dairy Calves
Mohammad Karimi mehdi Ganjkhanlou farhang fatehiThis study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplement with nano-selenium particles in feeding infant calves and its effects on nutrient digestibility and, rumen fermentation characteristics. The number of 32 newborn Holstein calves with an MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplement with nano-selenium particles in feeding infant calves and its effects on nutrient digestibility and, rumen fermentation characteristics. The number of 32 newborn Holstein calves with an average body weight of 37.85 ± 4.35 kg in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (eight calves in each treatment) for 83 days according to the supplemental consumption of milk or drinking water with sources different selenium were placed. Treatments include: 1) mineral selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with sodium selenite source, 2) Low level of nano selenium: providing 0.15 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium source, 3 (Medium level of nano-selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium source, 4) High level of nano-selenium: providing 0.45 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium source. The results showed that improve the digestibility of protein and insoluble fibers in neutral detergent with nano-selenium. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration in calves fed with rations supplemented with nano-selenium tended to decrease (p = 0.08) in a quadratic way, and its average level was the lowest. Acetate concentration for calves fed nano-selenium decreased (p < 0.01), while propionate concentration increased (p < 0.05) for calves fed nano-selenium. The results of this study showed that nano-selenium was effective in improving feed digestibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic Training and Wheat Bran on Blood Glucose on Diabetic Women in Damghan
Z. Akbarian Tahereh Bagherpoor N. NematiType 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and since dietary fiber lowers the absorption of sugars, so it is effective in preventing and treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Also, in those who have a regular exercise program, reduced blood glucose lev MoreType 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and since dietary fiber lowers the absorption of sugars, so it is effective in preventing and treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Also, in those who have a regular exercise program, reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity, can be the beneficial effects of this activity. Therefore, it is considered necessary to study the factors involved in the prevention and treatment of this disease (diabetes) in the age group of 40-60 years with type diabetes 2 so that its results can be used to design programs that lead to treatment and The control of diabetes is in middle age, and in this way the cost of treatment in the country will be reduced. Therefore, the subjects were matched to age, sex, height, and weight and blood glucose in 3 groups of 10, and the subjects were all type diabetes 2 mellitus. Forty grams of wheat bran were fed to the daily diet of the subjects in group A and group B aerobic exercise (walking), three sessions per week, for 30 minutes with moderate intensity (60-80% of maximum heart rate) and for 8 weeks And group C: control group and the results showed that only FBS had a significant difference and HBA1C was significantly lower in the aerobic exercise with diet and bran intake group were more significant than other groups after consuming wheat bran supplementation, the blood glucose levels are lowered and controlled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigation on using spent wheat straw compost of Agaricus bisporus mushroom residue in the diet of fattening calves
Alireza Talebian MasoudiThis study was conducted to determine the effects of adding spent wheat straw compost from Agaricus bisporus mushroom in fattening calves diet. Spent compost was provided from a mushroom production farm and the remaining particles were separated from the straw after mus MoreThis study was conducted to determine the effects of adding spent wheat straw compost from Agaricus bisporus mushroom in fattening calves diet. Spent compost was provided from a mushroom production farm and the remaining particles were separated from the straw after mushroom cultivation. Spent straw compost was sun dried and chemical composition analyzed for DM, OM, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, Ca and P. Fifty male Holstein calves with initial average weight of 321± 18 kg were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Diets were adjusted based on the average weight of the calves and NRC recommendation. Spent straw compost was used in the experimental group at 10% of the diet. The experimental period was 180 days. The animals were fed three times daily with total mixed ration offered ad libitum. Feed intake, body weight changes, feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kg bodyweight were determined and compared. Results showed that feeding spent straw compost did not have any significant effects on daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of feedlot calves. Average daily gain in the control and experimental groups were 1204 and 1150 g, respectively. Average daily feed intake was 9.8 and 10.1 in control and experimental group respectively and feed conversion ratio of control and experimental group were 8.2 and 8.8 respectively. The use of spent compost slightly increased the cost of the diet as well as feed prices per kg increase in live weight in the experimental group. According to the findings of the present study, compost straw can be include up to 10 percent of the TMR form diet of finishing calves, but its economic advantage is dependent on access and cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Effects of hypervitaminosis A on liver in newborn lambs by oral supplementation
S. Azimpour, علیرضا Shaghayegh, , B GholamhoseiniClinical signs of hypervitaminosis A are associated with the skeletal and skin lesions and adverse effects on the central nervous system. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of oral administration of high dose of vitamin A in newborn lambs. For MoreClinical signs of hypervitaminosis A are associated with the skeletal and skin lesions and adverse effects on the central nervous system. The present study was carried out to determine the effects of oral administration of high dose of vitamin A in newborn lambs. For this purpose 9 mixed male lambs aged 5-days old, with average weight of 4.3 kg were selected. Lambs were divided into two groups of experiment (n=6) and control (n=3). On the frst day of experiment, liver biopsy were taken by a small midline surgery from all lambs. In the following days, experiment group was fed milk containing 30000 Iu/kg of vitamin A daily. This regime was continued until the end of the third month. Blood sampling was taken weekly. The lambs were weighed at the end of the experiment. All lambs were slaughtered at the end of the third month. Liver samples of the slaughtered animals were taken for histopathological investigation and vitamin A analysis. Vitamin A level, ALP and SGOT activities in serum and vitamin A concentration in liver tissue were increased in the experiment group compared to control group (P<0.05). Priportal Hepatitis in light microscopic investigation was seen in experiment group. Weight gain was lower in experimental group compared to control group (P<0.05). The results showed that daily oral administrations of vitamin A approximately 900 times greater than the daily requirement manifests with lower weight gain presumably as a result of hepatic damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - چشم‌انداز کنونی و آینده فناوری‌نانو در دامپروری و دامپزشکی
mohammad kazem kuhi -
Open Access Article
130 - Determination of aflatoxin B1 in broiler feed in the poultry farms of isfahan province
A. Salemi, E. Rahimi , M Faghani نسیم Salemi,Mycotoxins in animal feed transfer to animal products and thus cause some problem like cancer in human. Contaminated feed must be omitted for prevention of toxin transfer. This study was designed for determination of aflatoxin B1 levels in poultry diet. A total of 177 MoreMycotoxins in animal feed transfer to animal products and thus cause some problem like cancer in human. Contaminated feed must be omitted for prevention of toxin transfer. This study was designed for determination of aflatoxin B1 levels in poultry diet. A total of 177 samples were collected randomly from broiler feeds from different farms and tested by ELISA. Results showed %98.9 contamination of total sample. Levels of aflatoxin B1 in positive samples ranged from 0.64 to 88.5µg/kg and the average contamination level of samples was estimated at 9.91 µg/kg. In the levels higher than 10µg/kg (permitted for broiler diet) the highest rate belonged to complete feed (46.2%) and soybean meal (33.4%). The results indicated that samples take in summer had more contamination. The difference between this season with others was signifcant (p<0.05). High temperature in summer causes more fungi reproduction and hence more toxin production. The difference between corn, wheat, soybean, barley and complete diet samples was not signifcant (p>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of oral drenching of calcium lactate in Prevention of hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle
آریا Badiei. . F Mosakhani مهدی Feyzi.Subclinical and clinical hypocalcaemia (milk fever) are two major causes of economic loss in dairy cattle.At the onset of lactation, cows demand is 2.3gr calcium per kg of colostrum which is about nine times as muchcalcium as it is present in the entire plasma which cou MoreSubclinical and clinical hypocalcaemia (milk fever) are two major causes of economic loss in dairy cattle.At the onset of lactation, cows demand is 2.3gr calcium per kg of colostrum which is about nine times as muchcalcium as it is present in the entire plasma which could result in milk fever. The economic losses of milk feverinclude: milk fever relapses‚ downer cow‚ dystocia and reproductive disease.In this study effect of oral administration of calcium lactate bolus evaluated in a diary farm. Twenty four out of48 pregnant cows randomly selected and treated with calcium bolus at calving or 12 hours after calving, the restwas considered as control group. Blood samples were collected from cows at 24 and 48 hours after calving andanalyzed for serum total calcium level in both control and treatment group. Statistical analysis showed signifcantdifferences between control and treatment groups (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effect of storage temperatures and duration on aromatic compounds of spearment distilment
Amin Panahi Farshad SadeghiMonoterpenes are the major compounds of essential oil and distilment of medicinal plants may be affected by storage light, temperature and duration. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of storage temperature and duration on monoterpenes MoreMonoterpenes are the major compounds of essential oil and distilment of medicinal plants may be affected by storage light, temperature and duration. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of storage temperature and duration on monoterpenes of spearment distilment in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. The storage temperature was +25, +4, and -18 °C, and durations were 1, 2, and 3 months. Spearment foliage were dried in shade and its distilment were extracted by hydro distillation using a clevenger-type apparatus. The solvent of diethyl ether was used to purify distilment essential oils. Extracted essential oils were injected intoGC-MS for compounds identification. Totally, 29 compounds were detected in fresh distilment. Among monoterpenes, carvone, menthol, 1,8-cineole, pulegone, n-decane and piperitenone were the most frequrntly identified compounds, respectively. Only carvone did not change under storage temperatures and durations. However, other compounds were influenced and converted to each other. Menthol as the second frequent component in spearmint distilment and its flavor and antimicrobial properties responsible, was in the highest level in room temperature and refrigerator. On the whole, maintainance of spearmint distilment at room temperature is recommended. Manuscript profile
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