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Open Access Article
1 - The emergence of Kartli Parties reflects the challenge between the people and elities in liberal democracy (Looking at the position of parties in religious democracy)
khosro shamsaei رسول برجیسیان saeed mirtorabiLiberal Democracy, with its conflicting combination of Individualistic liberalism and Collectivist democracy and by preferring Individual interests over Collective interests, has exposed itself to a number of crises, including a political crisis that seems to be roote MoreLiberal Democracy, with its conflicting combination of Individualistic liberalism and Collectivist democracy and by preferring Individual interests over Collective interests, has exposed itself to a number of crises, including a political crisis that seems to be rooted in a conflict of interest between the people and the ruling elite. In the cofntext of Thomas Spriggens' theory of crisis, this article argues that, first, issues such as prioritizing individual freedoms and rights over democracy and collective rights, as well as the monopoly of political parties and their becoming state and cartel parties, are the most important signs. There are political crises in liberal democracies. Secondly, this crisis is the result of a conflict of interests between the votes (people) and the heads (ruling elites), and finally, the religious democracy based on the principle of Guardianship of the Islamic jurist, both in theory and in practice, is a response to these crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Rantyr Government and the Democratic Process Case Study: The Countries geopolitical Region Persian Gulf
Hojat Mahkoeui Maryam Shabani Hasan BavirOne of the issues that is a major concern for countries in governance in this century, also called the third millennium, is the discussion of democracy. Today, democracy is recognized as one of the ways of government, which has a great ability to meet the demands of seg MoreOne of the issues that is a major concern for countries in governance in this century, also called the third millennium, is the discussion of democracy. Today, democracy is recognized as one of the ways of government, which has a great ability to meet the demands of segments and groups living in a territorial territory. In Gulf countries with huge oil and gas energy reserves, the process of establishing democracy has been influenced by oil rents and the economy of oil sales. These countries are mainly referred to as rentier states. This article examines the effects of oil rents on the process of democracy and its establishment in the Persian Gulf countries in a descriptive - analytical way and using library resources and internet resources. The results show that in the Gulf countries, which are rich in oil and gas sales and huge reserves of this type of energy, the money from the sale of these resources has challenged the process and the establishment of democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Dehkhoda of Sår-i-Sr§fÊl: an Imperfect Picture of Social Democracy
Sayed Hashem Aghajari Mehdi ZamaniIn order to determine the political and social orientation of the newly established constitutional system, Ali Akbar Dehkhoda has expressed a special reading influenced by the ideology of social democracy. Therefore, the main issue of the research is what was Dehkhoda's MoreIn order to determine the political and social orientation of the newly established constitutional system, Ali Akbar Dehkhoda has expressed a special reading influenced by the ideology of social democracy. Therefore, the main issue of the research is what was Dehkhoda's understanding of the idea of social democracy and how did he combine it with Islam and Iranian traditions? According to the findings of this study, in Dehkhoda's system of thought, democracy in the form of national government is based on a democratic and social vision. He emphasizes components such as the sovereignty and government of the people, independence, freedom and legal equality of individuals, and considers the realization of these matters as a necessary condition for the transition to the period of progress. In addition, socialism (in the form of a justice-oriented and egalitarian system) has been mentioned as the ultimate goal and horizon of this political system, which will be achieved gradually and through reform of the status quo. In addition, Dehkhoda, by establishing the issue of Khatamiyyah and a new understanding of religion in the form of a monotheistic worldview, has combined socialism with a monotheistic vision and made it the theoretical and philosophical basis of his reading. His reading seems to be based on a combination of these three aspects. Although the evidence shows, this integration has not been able to establish a natural and organic connection between these aspects and to establish a new discourse; but this effort can be considered as the starting point of the idea of creating a national and religious social-democratic discourse Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The role of political participation and democratic system in shaping political culture (Case study: Kurdish Citizens in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region)
Farhad Mehrgan Abolhassan Faghihi Naser MirsepassiThis study has done with the aim of examining the effectiveness of political participation in the establishment of the democratic system and determining the participatory mechanisms on the formation of the values of the political culture of Kurdish citizens in the Kurdi MoreThis study has done with the aim of examining the effectiveness of political participation in the establishment of the democratic system and determining the participatory mechanisms on the formation of the values of the political culture of Kurdish citizens in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. This research is in terms of nature and method, survey and in terms of relations between variables, is one of the correlation studies. According to Cochran's formula73 people are as a statistical sample and were selected by cluster sampling. The data gathering tool are researcher-made questionnaires to measure the variables of political participation, democracy, and political culture that were designed based on the five-value Likert scale. Before distributing questionnaires, they were provided to 25 experts to ensure them validity and reliability. Data research were tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation and path analysis.The results showed data has a normal distribution, and there is a strong, positive and significant correlations between the research variables, as well as the results of the path analysis of variables are acceptable. The results are as follows, political participation of citizens is effective in establishing a democratic system, and democratic processes influence in shaping the values political culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Explaining the concept of organizational participation and presenting an evaluation model of Iranian public organizations
adel salavati kumars ahmadi mansuor irandoost keramat allah afkhamiBackground: Scientists conducted various studies and programs to attract staff to participate in organizational affairs but the main challenge is studies do not overlap each other, the practical evaluation of participatory performance is difficult, not a common understa MoreBackground: Scientists conducted various studies and programs to attract staff to participate in organizational affairs but the main challenge is studies do not overlap each other, the practical evaluation of participatory performance is difficult, not a common understanding of the precise concept of partnership.the lack of comprehensive system for evaluating organizational participation. Objective: The aim is presenting an evaluation model of participation in public organizations. Method: This is exploratory ,descriptive and applied,data obtained qualitatively, based on the Grounded Theory, at a specific time from Interview with Elites, Governmental Personnel and Officials.The relations and aspects identified by MAXQDA Software and an evaluation model was presented. Results:In the Open Coding Process, 1075 Conceptual code was Identified and converging of them in the Axial Coding,resulted in 13 Categories includes:The concept,Scope,Causal Conditions,Contextual Conditions,Intervening Conditions, Environmental Conditions,Strategy,Process ,Form, Outcomes ,Evaluation and Organizational participation System. The concept of Organizational participation system as a Central Phenomenon was selected and the dimensions and specifications were identified and explained.Finally based on Aristotle's four causes namely: Casual, Ultimate, Formal and Material, a model of organizational participation evaluation was presented. Conclusion:This model contributes to Systematically evaluating of partnerships and uses feedback to continually improve participation in public organizations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Developing a model for accountability and control on bureaucracy in rule of Imam Ali: Bureaucracy‐Democracy relation approach
محمد ذاکری اسماعیل اسدی هادی لطفی The Accountability of Bureaucracy and the quality of political control on it has always been a critical issue in Public Administration. This research was aimed at developing the model of accountability and control system in the rule of Imam Ali and in the fram More The Accountability of Bureaucracy and the quality of political control on it has always been a critical issue in Public Administration. This research was aimed at developing the model of accountability and control system in the rule of Imam Ali and in the framework of relation between democracy and Bureaucracy; so the basic variables are accountability system, control and supervision in his rule. To conduct this research the qualitative method (content analyze) was used and the texts of Imam’s letters and lectures was been analyzed and a comparative study about the context and theoretical and practical models of accountability and control in Imam Ali rule and recent western states was done. The results showed that Imam has used a comprehensive and multidimensional model to develop accountability and control on bureaucracy which includes political control, selfcontrol based on bureaucratic values and public supervision Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - تبیین الگوی پاسخگویی و نظارت بر نظام اداری در حکومت علوی از منظر رابطه بوروکراسی و دموکراسی
ماندان مومنی ، صغرا پرگاری -
Open Access Article
8 - ارتقای بهره وری و دموکراسی در پارادایم خدمات دولتی نوین
farid ahmadi سهیلا ahmadi -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of Ninth House campaign practices in tribal and non-tribal provinces from the view of Ilam and Tehran Universities teachers
Mohammad Soltanifar Afsaneh Mozaffari Mehdi fattahiAdvertising in political acts and effect from social fabric and takes place to influence action on selection and voting (as alegitimate form of political behavior). This paper will examine the impact of advertising practices on the behavior of votersand campaign methods MoreAdvertising in political acts and effect from social fabric and takes place to influence action on selection and voting (as alegitimate form of political behavior). This paper will examine the impact of advertising practices on the behavior of votersand campaign methods in ninth house campagin to identify the system of tribal and non-tribal provinces like traditionalcommunication methods including oral, written, electronic and ... ,Which conducted this survey. The theoretical frameworkthat used in this study is based on the ideas of Parsons. On the survey all professors are from communication sciences, socialsciences and political science on Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran and Ilam Branch.Our findings indicate that, unlike in Tehran province, individual advertising of Ilam as a way to cope with is commercial,personal or coalition. Also, according to research findings, the views and attitudes about the use of traditional academicsfrom the view of Tehran and Ilam professors attitude fiat election, having the effect of an ethnic volunteer base on theadvertising, the more powerful role of opinion leaders' elders and the impact of ethnicity attention to individual interests andtends to be quick impact programs in the tribal system, and a coalition of political campaign advertising methods, accordingto the demands and interests of individual and the lack of attention to personal promise to provide free long-term plans andideas in the non-tribal political affiliation campaign there were no significant differences Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Optical solitons and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar equation
Kamyar Hosseini Mashallah Matinfar Mohammad MirzazadehThe (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (2D-KMN) equation that addresses the propogation of soliton dynamics in optical fiber communication systems is investigated in the present paper. The intended purpose is accomplished by applying a traveling wave hypothesis fo MoreThe (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (2D-KMN) equation that addresses the propogation of soliton dynamics in optical fiber communication systems is investigated in the present paper. The intended purpose is accomplished by applying a traveling wave hypothesis for reducing the 2D-KMN equation in a 1-dimensional domain and solving the resulting ODE using the exp_a and Jacobi elliptic function methods. As an accomplishment, optical solitons and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation are extracted, confirming the outstanding performance of the methods.The (2+1)-dimensional Kundu-Mukherjee-Naskar (2D-KMN) equation that addresses the propogation of soliton dynamics in optical fiber communication systems is investigated in the present paper. The intended purpose is accomplished by applying a traveling wave hypothesis for reducing the 2D-KMN equation in a 1-dimensional domain and solving the resulting ODE using the exp_a and Jacobi elliptic function methods. As an accomplishment, optical solitons and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kundu–Mukherjee–Naskar equation are extracted, confirming the outstanding performance of the methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - توجیه نهاد وکیل ثابتالوکاله در حقوق ایران
احمد اسفندیاری علی زارع -
Open Access Article
12 - Digital opportunities in cyber space and human right dilemma
Mehdi Khalaf KhaniWriter believes that cyber space is in pursuit of enlightenment tradition and trying to survey thenew age effects on expansion or limitation of human rights. In this article digital opportunities aresurveyed by multidimensional approaches and finally a conclusion will b MoreWriter believes that cyber space is in pursuit of enlightenment tradition and trying to survey thenew age effects on expansion or limitation of human rights. In this article digital opportunities aresurveyed by multidimensional approaches and finally a conclusion will be offered. Writer believesthat new space has provided opportunities for the uncompleted enlightenment project .On the otherside he believes that it provides an opportunity for states to have panopticon control over people.Writer believes that general use of the Internet and the easy access to television programs onsatelliteare main limitations for exercise of power. This is not meaning that the human rightdilemma is will be solved in the cyber space. Ideology, security and development are the mainreasons for a state to limit human rights.General use of the Internet and easy access to television programs on satellite will be themain challenges to states for exercise obsolete sovereignty. Therefore, states will begin torebuild and restate them in cyber space. New conversations about the Internet governanceare the signs of these attempts. These issues finally provide context to dialogue about a ruleof NGOs and civil societies in future governance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A Comparative Study on Critical Rational View in Habermas and Poper’s Thoughts
Jahangir Bagheri Ilkhchi Manhnaz NazelianPopper and Habermas’ political thoughts are formed based on the relationship betweenrationality and criticism to an extent that, despite their differences, the two elements playkey roles in their notions. Popper views rationality as a whole, and beside rejecting H MorePopper and Habermas’ political thoughts are formed based on the relationship betweenrationality and criticism to an extent that, despite their differences, the two elements playkey roles in their notions. Popper views rationality as a whole, and beside rejecting Habermas’historicity and antagonizing, he has rational and irrational totalitar. On the other hand,Habermas criticizes the uniqueness of scientific methods and emphasizes on the epistemologicaldifferences. Now the question is that: Considering rationality and criticism as twomain elements of Habermas and Popper’s thoughts, what are the similarities and differencesin their views?Our hypothesis is that the presence of rationality and criticism in both Popper and Habermas’thoughts has led to similar results regardless of the different mindsets they favoured.The present paper aims to demonstrate how Habermas and Popper reached the same resultsin site of two different ideologies they belonged to. The method applied here is comparative.The results may be used in academic and political milieu, civil institutions like politicalparties and directing politicians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - -
L. Isavand M. Tohidfam -
Open Access Article
15 - Opportunities and Threats of Globalization on Political Developments in Iran
احمد Sai مهدی Safarpoor محمد BavbarEntering to the new world has put new challenges and opportunities for human’s life. Globalization as an economic, political and cultural phenomenon is a multifaceted process and entails consequences which includ the political consequences. The present paper has f MoreEntering to the new world has put new challenges and opportunities for human’s life. Globalization as an economic, political and cultural phenomenon is a multifaceted process and entails consequences which includ the political consequences. The present paper has focused primarily on one of these outcomes; it means that it has concentrated on the effects of globalization on political developments in the forming opportunities and threats. The present paper benefits from discourse analysis framework in order to evaluate the effectiveness and study this effectiveness on the process of political development in Iran. In this review, globalization as structural dialogue consists of liberal democracy teaching of Western and political Islam in Iran as dialogue involving two aspects of reformists and conservative matters. Thus, this paper has attempted to explore opportunities and threats to globalization on political developments in Iran after the Islamic revolution in terms of its phenomenon’s effect on dual aspects of political Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Ruling Systems as a new step toward getting out of a dead end: Dual definitions of Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism
Shohreh Jalalpour Shiva JalalpourA Passing review of the history of the power structure in the third world societies indicatesa fundamental principle: A long written history of autocracy and dominance of despoticgovernments and personal rules.Asiatic or Oriental Despotism (Karl Marx), Oriental Patrimon MoreA Passing review of the history of the power structure in the third world societies indicatesa fundamental principle: A long written history of autocracy and dominance of despoticgovernments and personal rules.Asiatic or Oriental Despotism (Karl Marx), Oriental Patrimonial Rule (Max Weber), AsisticPatrimonial Despotism (Ahmad Ashraf) and the Sultanistic Regimes Theory (Linz and Shahabi)are models advanced to explain such a structure of power.The theory of Sultanistic Regimes is a relatively new and different theory which compared toother theories has demonstrated considerable potentialities.However, this theory has not-found an appropriate position among the models explainingnon-democratic structures.The present paper is an effort to explain and analyse the theory of Sultanistic Regimes andintroduce the main theorists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Theoretical Analysis of the Role of New Middle Class in the Process of Transition to Democracy during the Oil Nationalization Movement
Ahmad Saei Fereydun AkbarianIn general, the social base, actors, and the democratic discourse prevalent in the Oil NationalizationMovement, belonged to the new middle class. In this movement the new middleclass was the main structural or social base of the transition which tried to fulfil this goa MoreIn general, the social base, actors, and the democratic discourse prevalent in the Oil NationalizationMovement, belonged to the new middle class. In this movement the new middleclass was the main structural or social base of the transition which tried to fulfil this goalin a specific historical conditions (1328-32), when in the field of politics the relationshipamongst the ruling political actors for transition to democracy were favourable. In themeantime, the new middle class through the establishment of national front and accessionof executive power, was able to fulfil the first two phases of transition, ie, the defeat ofauthoritarian forces and the boos of democratic institutions. However, owing to variouschallenges and obstacles they were unable to fulfil the third stage, namely, establishmentand strengthening the democratic institutions. As a result, the process of democratizationwas incomplete and, soon after, authoritarian rule once again became the dominant force inthe Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - بررسی اثرات کیفیت نهادی، حقوق مالکیت و سرمایه انسانی بر رشد اقتصادی (مطالعه موردی کشورهایD8,G7)
اصغر مبارک کامبیز هژبر کیانی عباس معمارنژاد کامبیز پیکارجو -
Open Access Article
19 - تأثیر دموکراسی بر هزینههای نظامی در کشورهای اسلامی: رهیافت اقتصادسنجی فضایی
ابوالقاسم گل خندان -
Open Access Article
20 - A Study on the Effects of Traditional Political Marketing Tools on the Voters Behavior
B. Kheiry B. Ghasemi V. R. Mirabi P. Gholipoor SangelajiThe increasing tendency of governments to establish democratic systems, even in the form of the word “republic”, has rendered public participation in the election process inevitable. However, the growing apathy of nations to determine their destiny throughou MoreThe increasing tendency of governments to establish democratic systems, even in the form of the word “republic”, has rendered public participation in the election process inevitable. However, the growing apathy of nations to determine their destiny throughout the world has caused a serious challenge for governments. Therefore, people are relied on to ensure the participation of the general public in elections, motivating the public in community efforts as well as entrenching and applying measures to seize power seats. Political marketing include those concepts that provide the tools which can be employed by policy activists. The traditional tools of political marketing division indicators and the impact indicators of voter behavior from the perspective of the political elites were examined in the present study using a questionnaire comprising 25 questions. In the research is applied in terms of objective, and descriptive-survey in terms of methodology (a field study). Professors, PhD and Graduate students of faculties of Management and Politics of Central Tehran Branch and Science and Research Branch of the Islamic Azad University (IAU) were chosen as the statistical community of the present study and sample size of 343 persons were selected through stratified random sampling method. Research findings indicated that the use traditional tools of political marketing have an impact on the behavior of voters as they chose a different course; these findings can practically increase people’s participation in the electoral process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Recognition of the Non Appointed Government
Sayed Masoud NoorbakhshAt the beginning of the juridical duration, the question which the Shia jurisprudents had been dealt with it, was limited to “whether a righteous treatment is sufficient for legitimation of a government, or the Immaculate Leader assignment or permission is strictl MoreAt the beginning of the juridical duration, the question which the Shia jurisprudents had been dealt with it, was limited to “whether a righteous treatment is sufficient for legitimation of a government, or the Immaculate Leader assignment or permission is strictly necessary for it.With the beginning of the religiousness reformation and incoming of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, and following it, political and social evolution and incoming new concepts and criteria for legitimation of the governments, such as existentialism and democracy, Moslems religious were encountered with a hard challenge:“What is the religion attitude with respect to these reformations?”In the religiousness colloquies, some deduced these concepts as opposite to the “Vellayet theory” and Law Giver assignment and sentenced them to be illegitimate and hence, labeled the systems based on these bases as injustice governments.On the other hand, some jurisprudents tried to remove the oppositeness between these concepts and religiousness learning by getting different deductions of the religion, and at least, to recognize them.More of this, some claimed to deduction of just these bases from religiousness literature, and sentenced them to be legal.But the theory of Ayato-Allah Mahdy Haery, “the proxy of governors from the people”, closes the way of existence of oppositeness between knowledge and religion at first, by declaration of a reasoning which uses both citation sources and intellectual rules, (by illumination of the limit of the inspiration influence in this domain).Also Allame Tabatabai denies the dominance of everybody on the people fate, using the Koran Mohkamat reasoning such as nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Democracy and Accounting development
Yaghoub Aghdam Mazraeh Hashem Nikoomaram Bahman BanimahdThe environment especially social and political once, have direct and indirect influences on accounting development. Political and civility freedoms can effect on accounting indexes. Political environment has influence on accounting directly and indirectly. Political en MoreThe environment especially social and political once, have direct and indirect influences on accounting development. Political and civility freedoms can effect on accounting indexes. Political environment has influence on accounting directly and indirectly. Political environment in general and political right and social freedoms in Subsidiary have influences on accounting development. In this research the influence of democracy indexes included civility freedoms and political freedoms influences on accounting development in Iran has surveyed. Because of limitation in collecting of Quantitative data, Questionnaire used for collecting of research data. Assumption tested under factor analyses and pathway and structural equation modeling on Amos and Spss. research result indicate that there is a significant relationship between democracy indexes and accounting development. And Load factor of that relationship as sequence, membership in organization and parties, selection of responsible and effective persons, Freedom of expression, Rule of Law, party's freedom, Compete on positions and jobs and personal freedoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The role of political participation and democratic system in shaping political culture (Case study: Executives and Undersecretaries of Ministries of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region)
Farhad Mehargan Abolhassan Faghihi Naser MirsepassiIntroduction and Purpose: The purpose of this study was survey the influence of political participation in the establishment of a democratic system and the Effect of Democratic Processes to shape the values of the political culture of Kurdish citizens in the Kurdistan r MoreIntroduction and Purpose: The purpose of this study was survey the influence of political participation in the establishment of a democratic system and the Effect of Democratic Processes to shape the values of the political culture of Kurdish citizens in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Research method: This research is in terms of nature and method, descriptive (survey) and in terms of relations between variables, is one of the correlation studies. According to Cochran's formula73 people are as a statistical sample and were selected by cluster sampling. The data gathering tool are researcher-made questionnaires to measure the variables of political participation, democracy, and values of political culture that were designed based on the five-value Likert scale. Before distributing questionnaires, they were provided to 25 experts to ensure their validity and reliability. In the inferential statistics level Data research were tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation and path analysis, by SPSS and LISREL software. Findings: The results showed Collected data has a normal distribution, as well as there is a strong, positive and significant correlation between the research variables and the path analysis between them is acceptable. Conclusion: The results are as follows, political participation of citizens is effective in establishing a democratic system firstly, and democratic processes influence in shaping the values political culture secondly. It can be predicted a high percentage of change on based on the existing situation. Key Words: Political Participation, Democracy and Political Culture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the relationship between the functions of popular organizations and the new components of sustainable development (Case study: People's organizations of Kermanshah province)
Nader Naderi Moein Soleimani bahareh bahraminiaThe present study seeks to investigate the relationship between the functions of NGOs and the new components of sustainable development (empowerment, social capital and participatory democracy) in Kermanshah province. In terms of implementation and data collection metho MoreThe present study seeks to investigate the relationship between the functions of NGOs and the new components of sustainable development (empowerment, social capital and participatory democracy) in Kermanshah province. In terms of implementation and data collection method, this is a descriptive- Scrolling. The statistical population of this study is active NGOs located in Kermanshah province. 182 questionnaires were completed as a sample (using Morgan table). The results of step-by-step regression showed that "evaluation of activities" and "attraction of small capital resources and resources" (resource mobilization) affect the empowerment component. "Attracting popular participation (public mobilization)" and "increasing productivity in resource use" have an impact on the component of social capital. "Increasing productivity in resource use" and "Creating, expanding and strengthening coordination between government and people" have an impact on the component of participatory democracy. Finally, "increasing resource efficiency," "attracting small funds and resources (resource mobilization)," and "creating, expanding and strengthening coordination between government and people" on the components of the new components of sustainable development (empowerment, Social capital, participatory democracy). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Identifying Sociological Roles of Civil o in Tehran year 95
hossein bashiri guivi ، مهرداد نوابخش سروش فتحیThis research titled "Sociological Explanation of the Role of Civil Institutions in Establishing Local Democracy in Tehran in 1395 "And by survey method using a questionnaire tool. Nowadays, due to the wide and complexity of urban issues as well as the acquisition of va MoreThis research titled "Sociological Explanation of the Role of Civil Institutions in Establishing Local Democracy in Tehran in 1395 "And by survey method using a questionnaire tool. Nowadays, due to the wide and complexity of urban issues as well as the acquisition of various experiences in terms of realization of urban projects and programs, attracting popular contributions in order to achieve the desired goals of local communities, On the one hand, experience has shown that the realization of participation in its true sense requires institutionalization and sustainability of participation, which is symmetrical with the formation of the spectrum of associations and institutions of society, in other words, the expansion and Deepening of public participation requires organizing, institutionalizing and creating appropriate structural conditions. There was a meaningful relationship between civil society and civil society, but there was no significant relationship between civic institutions and management participation, participation in decision making, and consulting participation. In the regression test, the adjusted coefficient of adjustment was more than 50% predicted by local democracy with Independent variable of civil institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - New Middle Class and Political Development in Iran after the Islamic Revolution
Ali Darabi -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the Relationship between the Used Media and the Value-Oriented Degrees of Democracy
Negar Kalhor Mohammadi Seyed Ali RahmanzadehThere is no doubt the media today, behaviors, beliefs shape public opinion, given that the era of media competition, and each of the following preferred media and legitimize their discourse based on the values of modernism includes in democracy. The main objective of th MoreThere is no doubt the media today, behaviors, beliefs shape public opinion, given that the era of media competition, and each of the following preferred media and legitimize their discourse based on the values of modernism includes in democracy. The main objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between media use with the trend of the values of democracy. That democratic values are considered in four dimensions (political participation, freedom of expression, political parties and participate in activities free demonstrations). This research is conducted as a survey using a questionnaires. The sample includes 384 citizens aged 20 years in four municipal districts of Tehran. The results of the questionnaire, data analyzed via ANOVA (one-way, are analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the trend of democratic values in networks BBC and VOA and Network 20:30 news, the news network a statistically significant difference at 99% confidence there (F=24.701). Kayhan, information, Iran, Citizen and confidence in the trend of the values of democracy, a significant difference at 99% confidence level and the amount is F = 23.609. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the relationship between the functions of popular organizations and the new components of sustainable development (Case study: People's organizations of Kermanshah province)
Nader Naderi Moein Soleimani bahareh bahraminiaThe present study seeks to investigate the relationship between the functions of NGOs and the new components of sustainable development (empowerment, social capital and participatory democracy) in Kermanshah province. In terms of implementation and data collection metho MoreThe present study seeks to investigate the relationship between the functions of NGOs and the new components of sustainable development (empowerment, social capital and participatory democracy) in Kermanshah province. In terms of implementation and data collection method, this is a descriptive- Scrolling. The statistical population of this study is active NGOs located in Kermanshah province. 182 questionnaires were completed as a sample (using Morgan table). The results of step-by-step regression showed that "evaluation of activities" and "attraction of small capital resources and resources" (resource mobilization) affect the empowerment component. "Attracting popular participation (public mobilization)" and "increasing productivity in resource use" have an impact on the component of social capital. "Increasing productivity in resource use" and "Creating, expanding and strengthening coordination between government and people" have an impact on the component of participatory democracy. Finally, "increasing resource efficiency," "attracting small funds and resources (resource mobilization)," and "creating, expanding and strengthening coordination between government and people" on the components of the new components of sustainable development (empowerment, Social capital, participatory democracy). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Reincarnation and Afterlife in Hindu Scriptures
پریا الیاسیReincarnation, which means rebirth of the soul or self in a series ofphysical or preternatural embodiments such as human being, animal,plant or divine, angelic and demonic embodiments, is a fundamentaldoctrine in some Asian religions. Though it has been stated that this MoreReincarnation, which means rebirth of the soul or self in a series ofphysical or preternatural embodiments such as human being, animal,plant or divine, angelic and demonic embodiments, is a fundamentaldoctrine in some Asian religions. Though it has been stated that thisidea could be originated in primitive religions, in Indian religions it isan essential doctrine directly connected with two basic beliefs namelykarma and samsāra. For Hindus the process of rebirth is endless, but itcan be ceased by true liberation or mokśa. The development of theconcept of reincarnation is traceable through the Hindu Scriptures suchas Vedas, Brāhmanas, Upanisads and bhagavadgītā, which is a part ofthe great Indian epic Mhābhārata. Scholars put forward differenttheories about the origin of the Hindu doctrine of reincarnation, somuch so that they recognized it as a non-Indian idea; howevereventually they reached to a consensus: the belief stems from Indianindigenous cults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Mokśa from the Viewpoint of Vaiśnava Bhaktī School (from Rāmānuja to Nānak)
A. Mahmoodī S. TowliatīEternal deliverance and salvation has been searched and undergonevarious expressions by human beings during the different ages of history. InHinduism, According to doctrine of rebirth and karma, this goal is identicalwith mokša or liberation from cycle of samsāra MoreEternal deliverance and salvation has been searched and undergonevarious expressions by human beings during the different ages of history. InHinduism, According to doctrine of rebirth and karma, this goal is identicalwith mokša or liberation from cycle of samsāra and karma; by which spiritcan reach ultimate unity with Brahman and experience the eternal life anddeliverance. Bhakti thinkers have expressed different interpretations ofacquiring mokśa and quality of this station by relying on teachings of theBhagavadgitā- one of the sacred Hindu books.We intend to introduce mokśa, its various kinds, and opinions of somedominant thinkers of Bhaktī School such as Rāmānuja, Nimbārka, Madhva,Vallabha, Kabīr and Nānak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Thermal Stratification of Seymareh Dam Using Two-Dimensional, Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model: CE-QUAL-W2
Nasim Shabani ali rahmanifiroozjaee Ozeair AbessiBackground: Thermal stratification in the reservoir changes the physical, chemical and biological quality at different levels. Temperature conditions of the reservoirs can be predicted using mathematical models. CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional, hydrodynamic and water qu MoreBackground: Thermal stratification in the reservoir changes the physical, chemical and biological quality at different levels. Temperature conditions of the reservoirs can be predicted using mathematical models. CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional, hydrodynamic and water quality model that is used for thermal stratification regarding its capabilities. Material and Methods: CE-QUAL-W2 is used for thermal stratification in Seymareh dam. Calibration is first step in modeling. Calibration is an iterative process whereby model coefficients are adjusted until an adequate fit of observed versus predicted data is obtained. CE-QUAL-W2 model has three calibrations phase including volume-elevation, water balance and thermal calibrations, all have done for model optimum performance. After the calibration, stratification results are extracted for the various months. Results: The root mean square error of calibration calculated by comparing the actual data and the observed data were 0.5, 0.05 and 1.62, respectively, indicating that the model for the layer Thermal conditioning is suitable. This stratification continues from March to December and culminates in autumn. The thickness of the surface layer of water, called the roller, varies from month to month. This difference is also seen in the middle layer or the thermocline in different months. The thickness of roller in December is more than other months. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on modeling information, it has been determined that the Seymareh Dam has a thermal stratification period. The presence of this layering in the reservoirs causes the organic matter and sedimentation of sediments to gradually increase in the bottom of the reservoir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - 3
محمدباقر صدوق میترا طلایی -
Open Access Article
33 - Investigating the Utility of Ichimoku Oscillator-Based Trading Strategies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Sayyed Mohammad Reza Davoodi Sayyed Asghar Mirniam Marzieh Karami ChamgordaniThe technical analysis is one of the methods of market analysis, in which historical stock prices and volumes are used to predict the future direction of price movements.The Ichimucu oscillator is one of the most widely used tools in technical analysis that predicts the MoreThe technical analysis is one of the methods of market analysis, in which historical stock prices and volumes are used to predict the future direction of price movements.The Ichimucu oscillator is one of the most widely used tools in technical analysis that predicts the strength and speed of the process, the ceilings, and the possible temperatures of the price.In this research, the stock market strategy of the Ichimoku oscilloscope, called a typical, conservative, and bold strategy, will be examined.The three strategies differ in terms of combining Ichimoku components with different points of sale.The result of the research on the total index of Tehran Stock Exchange in yield from 1370 to 1395 according to Sharp's ratio shows that the bold strategy is 0/6747 compared to the market strategy of 152,305 and the other two conservative and ordinary strategies that are 0.3335 and 0/310058 respectively , Is in a higher position and has a higher profitability.In terms of return, only a bold strategy has overcome market efficiencies. On the whole, it can be concluded that among the three strategies, the best result is a bold strategy, with a conservative and conservative strategy ranked next. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - مقایسهی تطبیقی دموکراسی لیبرال و دموکراسی گفتگویی (رویکرد کشورهای غربی)
علیرضا پناهی کمال پولادی -
Open Access Article
35 - investigating Seyed Asadollah kharaghanis' political thought
Esmat ghafari maghsood ranjbar ali shirkhaniAbstract Seyed Asadollah Kharaghani is among the second-rate personages who played an active part in the Constitutional Movement, and has been effective in arousing political and religious personages. He also engaged in religious and scholarly activities along with poli MoreAbstract Seyed Asadollah Kharaghani is among the second-rate personages who played an active part in the Constitutional Movement, and has been effective in arousing political and religious personages. He also engaged in religious and scholarly activities along with political activities, and eventually led to the emergence of a specialist trend in Islamology called Qur'anism or the return to the Quran. He faced new questions and needs of the new age that we did not have in previous religious and traditional teachings or did not seem to answer, or it seemed that past answers did not have the effectiveness of the new problems. It was suggested that we should read the Qur'an again and extract the material that is coming to us today. The present study examines the political thought of Seyyed Asadollah Kharaghani regarding the criteria, since the type of conception on the basis of the rule of law, the divine right of the state, the basis and scope of private and public law, the scope of law and legislation, and in particular their approach to the issue of Islamic democracy. This research will focus on library resources through descriptive-analytic method and with an interpretive-political approach to explaining the components of its political thought. Key words: Sheikh Asadollah Kharaghani, Islamic Democracy, Law Equality, Ultimatum Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Party status in Islam
ایوب دامیار محمد رحیم عیوضیAbstract Because on the one hand, some believe that partisanship in Islam and the Islamic state, and has been a source of confusion and division in the ranks of Muslims breaches and gaps and conflicting ideas are created And this is against the command of the Qur'an is MoreAbstract Because on the one hand, some believe that partisanship in Islam and the Islamic state, and has been a source of confusion and division in the ranks of Muslims breaches and gaps and conflicting ideas are created And this is against the command of the Qur'an is that of being ordered ranks of Muslims. These are to prove their arguments on this verse ((Vatsmva Bhbl God all overseeing Vela Tfrqva)) to an unbroken string of Allah (Islamic Brady unity) hold fast and also Mpashyd (Imran / 103) can be invoked. On the other hand, the political parties present in society as a connecting link people and government are of great importance, And a two-way relationship between political parties and democracy is established. In this study, it is due to religious and legal reasons, regardless of the political party of the foundations of Western liberalism and democracy, To explain the point of view of religion and Islamic teachings on the issue and the issue of new religious party that is one of the issues, to be addressed . So the question that will be answered in this study is that partisanship in Islam is what is the position? Also in response to this question, this hypothesis has been proposed that partisanship in Islam, having legal basis, conditional and constrained accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Political culture and the difficulties of consolidating democracy in South Korea and Iran
DAL SEUNG YUThis is a comparative view of the role of political culture in the difficulty of consolidating democracy in South Korea and Iran. More than three decades have passed since the Republic of South Korea and the Islamic Republic of Iran have entered a transition to democrac MoreThis is a comparative view of the role of political culture in the difficulty of consolidating democracy in South Korea and Iran. More than three decades have passed since the Republic of South Korea and the Islamic Republic of Iran have entered a transition to democracy. But in both countries, the institutionalization of democracy and its consolidation face a variety of difficulties. One of the important reasons analysts point out for this problem are barriers to the values and perspectives of traditional traditional culture among the citizens and political elites of the two countries. The question that has been considered in this article is how can the elements related to cultural beliefs and attitudes affect the path of consolidation of democracy in the two countries of South Korea and Iran? The hypothesis that has been studied in relation to this question is that there is a significant relationship between the past beliefs and attitudes of the two countries of South Korea and Iran, and the difficulties of establishing and developing the morale and democratic behavior among the people and political elites of the two countries. It can be seen that a correlation between cultural variables and inconsistent behavior with the standards of democracy in these two countries can be observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The New Middle Class and Transition to Democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Askari Pourhabib Ali karimi malla Majid Tavasoli rokn abadiThe purpose of the present study is to explain the role of new middle class in the process of transition to democracy after Islamic revolution in Iran. In this regard, the main research question of the study is what effect the spread of new middle class has had on the p MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the role of new middle class in the process of transition to democracy after Islamic revolution in Iran. In this regard, the main research question of the study is what effect the spread of new middle class has had on the process of transition to democracy in Iran. The method of the study was descriptive analysis and the results showed that vast economic and social modernization after the war between Iran and Iraq increased the youth population, the number of academically educated people, and the spread of new middle class in Iran that had an important role in paving the way for transition to democracy. The political and economic demands of this class reacted to the establishment that was not capable to meet their needs and it led to some sort of instability within the recent decades. Seeking development by the new middle class has brought about challenges for the political system of the country that is making transition to democracy more likely. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - American Democratization Project in the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMII)
Khaled Rahmani Sohrab Salahi Mareyam MoradiThe purpose of the present study is to review the American demarcation project in the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMEI). The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the US as the only super power remaining from the cold war era, aimed to MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the American demarcation project in the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMEI). The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the US as the only super power remaining from the cold war era, aimed to become a global hegemonic power by its domination over the strategic region of the Middle East so that the USA in the American order is at the top of the pyramid and other powers are below in a linear line. When the US attacked the region and occupied Iraq, it raised two strategies of the elimination of the weapons of mass destruction and countering terrorism. Yet this hypothesis is proposed that the US main strategy in GMEI was the American democratization project in the region. If the US succeeds in this strategy, the condition of reaching its goals in the GMEI is facilitated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Impediments of Transition to Democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 5th Decade
Askari Pourhabib Ali Karimi Mellah Majid Tavassoli RokanabadiThe purpose of the present study is to review the most important impediments to transition to democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 5th decade with a futuristic approach. Among different methods of futurology, analysis of the selected process with a qualitati MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the most important impediments to transition to democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the 5th decade with a futuristic approach. Among different methods of futurology, analysis of the selected process with a qualitative approach was used in this research. The research population was composed of a selection of academic experts in the subject of political transition and the sample size was determined by theoretical consecutive sampling. Data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview that reached theoretical saturation by doing 16 interviews. The results showed that some factors such as structural and normative integrity between the dominant elites, weak civil society, lack of economic prerequisites, and a rentier state are among the most important impediments to peaceful transition to democracy and strengthening that in the 5th decade of the revolution. These obstacles in front of democracy in the 5th decade of the revolution have a social and structural nature that decelerate the process of peaceful advancement to democracy and strengthening that by an accumulative effect on each other as well as on the political structure and cause that transition to democracy in the 5th decade of the revolution does not proceed with an expected speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Democracy, Freedom and Secularism in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
زهرا صداقتی نیا محمد قدرتی مقصود رنجبرThis article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically MoreThis article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically related to one another. Considering political development is one of the approaches to attain typical community concerned to Imam (ra). What is accepted is to pay attention to democracy and approval of what the majority believes in the ideas ruling over the regime. Founder of Islamic Republic of Iran by expressing that he is not opt to impose something on people of Iran, nor are Islam and Prophet (s) permitted to do so referred to likely similarity of his concerned democracy to the western type of democracy and clarified: “the democracy we want to establish is not available in west. Democracy of Islam is more complete than that of the west. “Category of freedom as primary right of mankind has been accepted in this government. Imam Khomeini (ra) believed: “There is freedom in Islam for all walks of life. Basis is national freedom and independence.” Of course, he made it clear that: “Freedom remains limited according to law; freedom ceases to mean that whoever says whatever he wishes to say.” Islamic Republic is a government based on freedom and democracy in the framework of Islam. In secularism, the followers envision that religion and anything with sanctity and spirituality must be set aside from social activities and relations. Therefore, vision and religion are placed exclusive and limited to personal matters and they are incompatible with categories of politics and society. This stream of thought must be originally sought in the positions taken by the west against religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - A sociological study of the relationship between economic status and religion and political culture in Mark Tessler's conceptual framework
مجتبی فتحی زاده عبدالرضا هاشمی احمد علی حسابیMojtaba Fathizadeh PhD Student, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. Abdolreza HashemiAssistant Professor, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. (Correspond MoreMojtaba Fathizadeh PhD Student, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. Abdolreza HashemiAssistant Professor, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. (Corresponding Author): abdorezahashemi@yahoo.com Ahmad Ali Hesabi Assistant Professor, Department of Political Sociology, Shushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shushtar, Iran. Political culture in contemporary societies, and especially in the society in transition in Iran, plays a pivotal role in political and civil development and participation. Within the framework of Mark Tessler's conceptual system, he studies the sociological study of the relationship between economic status and religion and students' political culture. , Hamedan) were selected by stratified random sampling method. The results showed that the majority of students who had Sunni religion indifferent to political culture 16.6%, and the majority of students who had Shiite religion to two political cultures The difference of 40.9% and 32.6% democratic tended. Also, the majority of students with low economic status tended to indifferent political culture, and the majority of students with high economic status tended to democratic political culture. He said that students' political culture has a positive and significant relationship with the variables of economic status and religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The application of multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks to study the quantitative structure-activity relationship of a group of chemokine derivatives
mehdi nekoei محمدرضا کیانسب مجید محمدحسینی بهنام مهدوی تهمینه باهریA quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was conducted to predict the pharmacological activity of some chemokine derivatives using multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANN). At first, the structure of pharmaceutical compounds was MoreA quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was conducted to predict the pharmacological activity of some chemokine derivatives using multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANN). At first, the structure of pharmaceutical compounds was drawn and optimized with the help of Hypercam software. Then, a wide range of molecular descriptors were calculated by Dragon software. After reducing the number of descriptors that had a correlation above 0.9 and the descriptors that were more than 90% similar, stepwise regression was used to obtain the best descriptors that were most related to the pharmacological activity of the target compounds. became 7 descriptors including MATS2p, PCWTe, RDF045m, RDF065m, RDF115m, C-003 and C-040 were selected. Then, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) methods were used to model and predict the activity of test series compounds. The obtained results show that both methods provide acceptable results that can be used to predict new pharmaceutical compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Study of 'communicative acts' in a figurative tale in First Book of Masnavi Ma'navi (a case study on negotiations of the Fifth Story of Masnavi based on Haberma's Communicative Act
Abolfazl GhanizadehThe 'dialogue democracy' is a 20th century theory claimed by German philosopher and sociologist Jurgen Habermas. This dialog is formed in a 'general domain' with the 'free participation of talented citizens'. Its interaction toll is 'general communicative language', and MoreThe 'dialogue democracy' is a 20th century theory claimed by German philosopher and sociologist Jurgen Habermas. This dialog is formed in a 'general domain' with the 'free participation of talented citizens'. Its interaction toll is 'general communicative language', and it is conducted to arrive at 'understanding' or 'acceptance of better argumentation'. Habermas' theory has gained its reputation as the 'communicative act' in the contemporary political literature. In the figurative story of 'Lion and Nakhjiran', Molavi outlines a negotiation which is comparable with that theory. As such, the present article, first deals briefly with concepts such as 'critical theory of Habermas', 'general domain' , as well as the 'general communicative language'. Then, through the analysis of the negotiations made in the story of Lion and Nakhjiran, it concludes that; the first negotiation is more compatible with Habermas' dialog democracy, and as the story goes ahead, its communicative act decreases and its political and strategic shades become stronger. The political shade is an internal layer of the studies figurative story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Qualitative meta-analysis on the conducted researches in the field of MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses)
Esmaeil Jafari Kourosh Fathi vajargah Mahboobeh Arefi Morteza RezaeiZadehSince 2008, MOOC as an educational tool is not only used by educational institutions and also universities and it is interesting subject for many scholars and researchers. The aim of the current research was to provide a comprehensive picture of the conducted researches MoreSince 2008, MOOC as an educational tool is not only used by educational institutions and also universities and it is interesting subject for many scholars and researchers. The aim of the current research was to provide a comprehensive picture of the conducted researches in the field of MOOC. In order to achieve the aim, the qualitative meta-analysis was used to examine and analyze 40 research in the field which each of them had a different perspective and methodology. The results showed that all conducted researches have predominant features both structurally, methodologically and contextually. Theoretical orientation of more than half the researches were based on connectivist paradigm which indicated that if Iranian educational institutions and universities want to implement MOOC, it need to transform structuralism paradigm to connectivist paradigm. Namely, education and higher education policies should move towards an approach which is based on dialogue, interaction, knowledge creation and emergent learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The relationship between teachers' teaching methods and techniques with the mediating role of democratic social education competencies
parnian taghipour hoveyzi Aliakbar Shaikhi fini mahmoud mehrmohammadi seyed AbdulWahab samaviThis article amied to examine and determine the suitability of the educational techniques and methods employed in teaching democratic social education competencies through the explicit curriculum. A mixed-method approach was adopted for this purpose. This study focuses MoreThis article amied to examine and determine the suitability of the educational techniques and methods employed in teaching democratic social education competencies through the explicit curriculum. A mixed-method approach was adopted for this purpose. This study focuses on 13 professors from Farhangian University in Hormozgan province, serving as participants in the research. A combination of stratified and purposeful sampling methods was used to select the participants. The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods. Semi-structured interviews and observation were used for the qualitative portion, while the quantitative part employed the demographic method and a checklist with 26 items and a 3-point Likert scale. The checklist was created by an observation researcher and had an estimated reliability of 84%. The one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data obtained from observing the teaching methods and techniques of the professors in the quantitative part. Thematic analysis and MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information for the qualitative portion. The results of the study indicated that the level of appropriateness for all competence components of democratic social education, except for spiritual, political, and technology-based competence was favorable. A noteworthy correlation was found between professors' scores in utilizing teaching methods to acquire competencies and demographic variables such as teaching experience, academic rank, and field of study. However, no significant variation was observed based on gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Role Of TNF-α in the Pattern Of CXCR4 Gene Expression in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Rozita Ziaei Maryam Ayatollahi رامین یعقوبی زینب صحرائیان نصرت الله ضرغامیInroduction and ObjectiveMigration and engraftment have a vital role in tissue regeneration and transplantation and CXCR4 is a known chemokin receptor in making and increasing homing and engraftment of cells into damaged tissue or wounds. CXCR4 expresses in low level on MoreInroduction and ObjectiveMigration and engraftment have a vital role in tissue regeneration and transplantation and CXCR4 is a known chemokin receptor in making and increasing homing and engraftment of cells into damaged tissue or wounds. CXCR4 expresses in low level on human MSCs, but we show here that CXCR4 expression by hBM MSCs up-regulates through exposure to TNF-α in a dose and time dependent manner.Materials and Methods:Cultured hBM MSCs were divided into 9 groups. One group was un treated and the others treated with 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml TNF- α in 2, 10, 24 and48 hours. Total mRNA was extracted and cDNA synthesized. Then rate of CXCR4 expression compared with housekeeping gene (β-actin) by Real Time PCR.Results: In untreated hMSCs CXCR4 expressed in low level. In treated hMSCs with 1ng/ml TNF-α in 2, 10, 24 and 48 hours CXCR4 expression was increased respectively 32, 64, 256,32 fold and with 10ng/ml increased 16, 32, 512, 32 fold. The highest level of CXCR4 gene expression found after treatment with 10ng/ml TNF-a in 24h was highly increased(2-∆∆Ct = 512 ).Conclusion:These finding indicate that in vitro control of both dose and time factors may be important in future-stem cell transplantation therapies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effect of dietary supplemented biotronic top3 on growth indices, mucus and blood serum immunity and the expression of growth-related genes (GH, Ghrelin, IGF-1) in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)
Abdulsalam Hatami Hamed Paknejad Mohammad SudagarThe aim of this study was investigation of effects of biotronic top3 on some growth indices, mucus and serum immunity and expression of genes involved in growth of Persian sturgeon .240 fish (with an average weight of 104±1 g) were fed for 8 weeks under three exp MoreThe aim of this study was investigation of effects of biotronic top3 on some growth indices, mucus and serum immunity and expression of genes involved in growth of Persian sturgeon .240 fish (with an average weight of 104±1 g) were fed for 8 weeks under three experimental diets with different levels of biotronic top3, including: 2, 4 and 8 g / kg diet and a control group. At the end of the period, sampling was done randomly to evaluate the growth indices, mucosal and serum immunity as well as the expression of genes involved in growth.The results showed that the best growth performance and the highest expression of genes involved in growth (GH, IGF-1 and Ghrelin) were presented in the control group (P <0.05). The highest amount of alkaline phosphatase, total mucus protein and total serum protein and the lowest amount of serum alanine transaminase were presented in the treatment fed with diet containing 8 g biotronic top3 / kg of diet, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). Diets containing biotronic top3 significantly increased and decreased serum lysozyme mucus and aspartate transaminase activity, respectively, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in serum glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels in all treatments with the control group (P <0.05).Diet containing 8 g of biotronic top3 / kg diet, despite not having an effect on growth indices, improved the mucus and serum immunity parameters in Persian sturgeon . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Histophysiological and histochemical study of the intestine in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with emphasis on Goblet cells
Fatemeh Pourvali seyed Mehdi Banan. Khojasteh Masood DelashoobInroduction & Objective: The intestines are an important organ in the body of rodents due to the digestion and absorption of food and water, digestive digestion, microbial activity, production of immunoglobulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the histology MoreInroduction & Objective: The intestines are an important organ in the body of rodents due to the digestion and absorption of food and water, digestive digestion, microbial activity, production of immunoglobulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the histology of the golden hamster intestine and its goblet cells using histological and histochemical techniques.Material and Methods: Five adult and healthy male golden hamsters with an average weight of 120 g were prepared from experimental animal. After sampling from different parts of the intestine and preparing tissue sections, tissue samples were stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Alcian Blue methods and then studied by light microscope and the necessary micrographs for Histological studies were prepared .Results:In histopathological study, small and large intestine have 4 layers of mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and serosa. The intestinal epithelium was consisted of simple columnar cells with a basal oval nucleus, that Mucus secreting goblet cells were seen among the columnar cells which both acidic and neutral mucus were secreted by these cells. It should be noted that the number of goblet cells increased from duodenum to colon and it was positive in PAS and Alcian Blue.Conclusion: The results show that the anatomical and histological structure of the golden hamster intestine, despite minor differences, is very similar to that other rodents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Tamoxifen and Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) On The Changes In The Levels Of Sex Steroid Hormones And Oocytes Maturation Of Adult Female Gourami fish (Trichogaster trichopterus) from family (Osphronemidae)
Mohsen Bagheri Tahereh Naji Homayoun Hosseinzade sahafiIntroduction & Objective: One of the most common cancers in the menopausal age is breast cancer. To control menopause symptoms in women with breast cancer, given that hormone therapy is not recommended, alternative treatments such as phytoestrogen therapy can be con MoreIntroduction & Objective: One of the most common cancers in the menopausal age is breast cancer. To control menopause symptoms in women with breast cancer, given that hormone therapy is not recommended, alternative treatments such as phytoestrogen therapy can be considered. Black cohosh is a phytoestrogen plant that is used to control menopause symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tamoxifen with black cohosh plant on ovarian tissue ultrastructure and measurement of sex hormones in adult female three-spot gourami fish.Materials &Methods: For this purpose, the number of 120 pieces of three-spot gourami adult female fish with an average weight of 5±1 grams in 8 treatments with control groups including control 1 (intact) and control 2 (solvent, Ethanol 60 %) and treatments receiving doses of 10, 50, 100 mg/kg of tamoxifen drug and 10, 50, 100 mg/kg of black cohosh hydroalcoholic extract were divided. All the injections were done in 10 times and every other day for twenty days and in the amount of 0.02 ml between the dorsal fin muscle and the lateral line. Then, after anesthetizing the fish, the ovary was examined by light and electron microscope. For measuring the levels of steroid hormones, the fish tissue was homogenized by homogenizer.Results: Black cohosh extract decreased the level of 17-beta estradiol and testosterone hormones. Tamoxifen decreased the level of 17-beta estradiol, testosterone and progesterone hormones. Examining the light and electron microscope images showed that both tamoxifen and black cohosh had an inhibitory effect on oocyet maturation.Conclusion The results of this study showed that black cohosh plant extract and tamoxifen reduce oocyte maturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - تأثیر استفاده مجزا و تلفیقی پروبیوتیک Pediococcus acidilactici و پربیوتیک Raffinos بر شاخصهای ایمنی موکوس و هیستو مورفولوژی روده در ماهیان طلایی(Carassius auratus)
دل ارا سپهرفر سید حسین حسینی فر علی جافر نوده -
Open Access Article
52 - The effects of crop density and post-emergence herbicides usage on grain yield and yield components of broomcorn (Sorghum vulgare var. technicum)
Hamed RAEISI SHIVYARI Jahanfar DANESHIN Mohammad Ali BAGHESTANI Soleiman JAMSHIDITo evaluate the effect of crop density and post-emergence herbicides usage on grain yield in broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications in Miyaneh region. The treatments were crop densi MoreTo evaluate the effect of crop density and post-emergence herbicides usage on grain yield in broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications in Miyaneh region. The treatments were crop density of 17, 24 and 31 plant/m2 and herbicides including 2,4-D+MCPA and bromoxynil+MCPA with recommended, 20 and 40% reduced doses along with hand weeding. Results showed that increasing density leaded to higher racemes numbers and floret number per m2, grain number in racemes. The higher values of studied traits were obtained in density of 31 plant/m2, such as 1541.7 of racemes, 179.92 of florets and 18.132 of grain.Hand weeding had superior effect on traits compared to other treatments but in some cases herbicide treatments were placed in the same group with it.Yield and harvest indexwithdensity increased, significantly.The highest increasing in yield was obtained in grain density of 31 plant/m2 with 59.23%. Also,application of 2,4-D+MCPA and bromoxynil+MCPA with recommended doses, leaded to increasing of 52.05 and 40.62% of grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation The Efficacy of New Herbicides to Control Weeds in Trade Inbred Lines of Corn (Zea mays L. SC704)
Elahe Pirouzmand Mohammad Hasan Hadizadeh Leila Alimoradi Seyed Hossein TorabiTo control weed in SC704 corn inbred lines using new herbicides, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replication and ten treatments in AgriculturalResearchCenter and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi Province, in Mashhad during 2 MoreTo control weed in SC704 corn inbred lines using new herbicides, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replication and ten treatments in AgriculturalResearchCenter and Natural Resources of Khorasan Razavi Province, in Mashhad during 2010. The treatments consisted of Nicosulfuron (Cruz 4%SC, 80 g ha-1), Nicosulfuron + Bromoxynil + MCPA (Nicosclfuron 4% SC+ Bromicid MA® 4%EC, 80 + 400 g ha-1), Rimsulfuron + Nicosulfuron (Ultima® DF75%, 90 and 127.5 g ha-1), Foramsulfuron (Equip® 22.5% OD, 337.5 and 562.5 g ha-1), and Mesotrione + S-Metolachlor + Terbuthylazine (Lumax® 537.5 SE, 1344 and 1881 g ha-1). Two treatments weed free and weed infested were also included as checks. The most frequent weeds were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Solanum nigrum L., and Chenopodium album L. The results showed that all herbicides could significantly reduce the density and dry weight of weeds. The most efficient treatment for the weed control was Nicosulfuron + Bromoxynil + MCPA with 76.7% and 80.9% reduction of weed density and weed dry weight, respectively. Further more Mesotrione + S-Metolachlor + Terbuthylazine (1344 g ha-1) was the most efficient in reducing weed density and weed dry weight. Combination of Rimsulfuron + Nicosulfuron (90 g ha-1) with 0.936 t ha-1 was the most inefficient treatment for hybrid seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation of Some Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Sweet Sorn (Zea mays L.) Weed Control
Mahboobeh Nabizadeh Majid Abbaspour Ali Asghar Chitband Mohammad BazoobandiTo evaluate the performance of new Sulfonylurea herbicides in sweet corn weed control, a factorial experimental research was carried out based on a completely randomized block design with three replications in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasa MoreTo evaluate the performance of new Sulfonylurea herbicides in sweet corn weed control, a factorial experimental research was carried out based on a completely randomized block design with three replications in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi in 2012. The first and the second factor, were sweet corn varieties and chemical control treatments respectively. The sweet corn varieties included KSC403su, Merit and Chase. The chemical control treatments included Nicosulfuron (Cruz), Nicosulfuron (Cruz) + Bromoxinyl + MCPA (Brimicide MA), Foramsulfuron (Equip), Rimsulfuron + Nicosulfuron (Ultima), Mesotrion + S-Metolacholor + Terbuthlazine (Lumax 537.5 SE), with weed free, and weed infested in each block. Sampling was done 4 weeks spraying each plot. The result showed that red root pigweed, common purslane, field bindweed, common lambsquarters, purple nutsedge, black night shade dry weight were reduced significantly by all herbicides compared with weedy check. Among the sweet corn varieties, the highest and the lowest weeds density and dry weight resulted by Chase and KSC403su, respectively. Mesotrion+ S-Metolacholor+ Terbuthlazine herbicide had sound effect on dry weight reduction of red root pigweed, common purslane, field bindweed, common lambsquarters, purple nutsedge, black nightshade, with highest control of common lambsquarters. Also, red root pigweed, common purslane and field bindweed should satisfactory control by nicosulfuron and nicosulfuron+ brimicide MA applied, whereas nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron had suitable effect on common purple nutsedge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - مشروعیت حکومت اسلامی از منظر تشیع و اهل سنت
مسعود حاج حسینیان -
Open Access Article
56 - تحلیل جغرافیایی نمایندگی زنان در انتخابات مجلس شورای اسلامی ( دور اول تا نهم مجلس، 1358-1391)
زهرا پیشگاهی فرد وحید کیانی سیده زهرا موسوی -
Open Access Article
57 - Presenting Conceptual Model of Distance Education Based on MOOCs in Technical and Vocational High Schools
Mahdi Kowsari Moslem Salehi Mozhgan Amirianzadeh Reza ZareiIntroduction: Currently, the use of MOOCs is known as one of the learning gateways in the 21st century to technology-based learning, which has advantages in the learning process. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design a conceptual model of distance learn MoreIntroduction: Currently, the use of MOOCs is known as one of the learning gateways in the 21st century to technology-based learning, which has advantages in the learning process. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design a conceptual model of distance learning based on MOOCs in technical and vocational high schools in Fars province.research methodology: The research was done in a developmental type with a qualitative design and through using thematic analysis and semi-structured interview instrument. The participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method with theoretical saturation criteria, and based on that, 32 professors and specialists in the field of technical high schools and vocational training were selected. In order to obtain the reliability and validity, two methods of review of participants and review of non-participating experts were used in the research. In order to obtain transferability, interviews and consultations were conducted with 32 experts, and in order to comply with the transferability, all the details of the research were carefully recorded in all stages.Findings:The research findings indicated that conceptual framework for distance education, based on MOOC in Fars province technical high schools and vocational training, includes five main dimensions concerning managers' support with components of managers' awareness, managers' commitment and managers' accountability; support of high-level documents with the components of vision, correcting manual documents and policy making; platform building with the components of professional expert, beliefs, hardware, software, user-friendliness, support, training and motivation; planning with the components of targeting, content developing, evaluation; and implementation with components of feasibility, design, performance, and evaluation.Conclusion: Determining the main factors influencing MOOC in technical and vocational high schools and paying attention to them in the matter of education management macro-planning can be the basis for more use of this educational method even at the country level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Crisis of Democracy and New Leviathan(Book Review Democracy and Moral Conflict)
Behnam JoudiThis article reviews the book Democracy and Moral Conflict Written by Robert B. Talisse. Talisse in the crisis of democracy, which is a Hobbesian natural state, offered the alternative to the standard views of democratic political philosophers who believe that the democ MoreThis article reviews the book Democracy and Moral Conflict Written by Robert B. Talisse. Talisse in the crisis of democracy, which is a Hobbesian natural state, offered the alternative to the standard views of democratic political philosophers who believe that the democracy derived from some decidedly moral commitment. But he argued, there is good reason to think that, under current conditions, these values among citizens are essentially controversial. By contrast, the case for democratic politics which he proposed in this book draws from principles that are epistemic rather than moral and he called it folk epistemology. Talisse is a liberal democratic philosopher, but his method and solution to this crisis is Hobbesian, the separation of ethics and politics. However, he did not propose 'absolute state', but 'dialogical democracy'. Hence, a dialogical democracy requires the state to pursue the cultivation of certain epistemic capabilities among its citizens. Talisse's alternative is Hobbesian: New Leviathan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Adaptation and analysis of the story "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in the novel "Red Haired Woman"by Orhan Pamuk
Samira Jamali Ghotolou ,Nasser Alizadeh Arash MoshfaghiOrhan Pamuk is the author of the novel "Red Haired Woman". In the narration of the novel, he has mentioned the story of "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in a frequent and wide-ranging manner. This contemporary Turkish novelist has analyzed the themes, moti MoreOrhan Pamuk is the author of the novel "Red Haired Woman". In the narration of the novel, he has mentioned the story of "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in a frequent and wide-ranging manner. This contemporary Turkish novelist has analyzed the themes, motivations and details of the story "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in addition to narrating the stories and recreating them. This causes a question in the mind: what is his purpose by using the themes of these two stories? In this research, the quality and purpose of recreating two myths belonging to two ancient civilizations with the theme of father-son relationships has been analyzed. The results showed that in this novel, the author has compared the archetype of "father killing" and 'son killing" from the mythological stories of Western and Eastern civilizations. Pamuk tried and was able to show that Turkey's culture is a bridge between East and West, as well as its location, and there are cultural signs from both civilizations in it. Even thoug the stories have been forgotten In the current society of Turkey for different reasons; But their cultural expression are alive yet. In fact, Pamuk's initiative is that he has purposefully created a postmodern novel by benefiting from ancient literary works, and in this way he was able to present a symbolic interpretation of the national culture and psychology of his society. In the current research, data collection has been done in a library manner. Its method is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Study of phytophthora species causing damping-off on cucumber in Tehran province greenhouses and evaluation of the efficacy of some fungicides on control of the disease
Amir Mohaghegh Roudsari Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh MalekiDamping-off Cucumber disease due to Phytophthora species is one of the most important diseases of horticultural crops. Pathogen attacks the roots and crown during entire growth stages, causing wilting or death of the plants. In this study, sampling from cucumber and tom MoreDamping-off Cucumber disease due to Phytophthora species is one of the most important diseases of horticultural crops. Pathogen attacks the roots and crown during entire growth stages, causing wilting or death of the plants. In this study, sampling from cucumber and tomato plants with symptoms of damping-off, root and crown rot was done from greenhouses located in Varamin and Pakdasht in 1394 and 1395 and after washing up and surface disinfection were cultivated on semi-selective medium of Phytophthora (CMA + PARPH). 16 isolates of the genera of Phytophthora drechsleri and P. nicotianae were isolated from crown, root and stem tissues of cucumber and tomato and pathogenicity confirmed on the host plants. In the second stage of the experiments, the efficacy of fungicide of Downy-G (Ridomil + Mancozeb WP 72%) in comparison with reference fungicides including Rosalaxil (Ridomil-Mancozeb WP 72%) and Previcur-Energy (Propamocarb Hydrochloride + Fosetyl Aluminium SL 840) in controlling cucumber damping-off based on a series of tests was investigated under greenhouse conditions (with two application method including soil incorporation system and soil drench system) and in the field conditions as soil drench system . Greenhouse trials with 6 treatments and 4 replications and field trials with 4 treatments and 4 replications were implemented at 2 locations in micro plots in Complete Randomized Design Block. The treatment evaluation carried out with determination of the percentage of infected plants in the period from emergence to 4-leaves stage. Greenhouse experiment results showed that Downy-G and Rosalaxil at 200 g/m3 of soil rates by 76.07% and 71.61% of decreasing disease in Soil Incorporation application method, respectively, compared to infected control had the same effects in cucumber Damping-off disease control. In Soil Drench System application method, Previcur-Energy at 0.3% rates decreased disease by 99.64% compared to infected control and had the highest effects in disease control. In this application method, Downy-G and Rosalaxil at 0.2% rate decreased disease by 91.37% and 81.66% compared to infected control, respectively. The field trials results showed that Downy-G at 0.2% , Previcur-Energy at 0.3% and Rosalaxil at 0.2% rates decreased disease by 86.23% , 81.88% and 78.26%, respectively compared to infected control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Chemical control of cucumber damping off caused by Pythium aphanidermatum
Somayeh Atashbahar Mahdi Nasr Esfahani Mohammad TorabiDamping off of cucumber caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. Usually appears when climatic conditions especially high humidity and favorable temperature are available and also in the lack of crop rotation. In the present study efficacy of some fungicides inct MoreDamping off of cucumber caused by Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. Usually appears when climatic conditions especially high humidity and favorable temperature are available and also in the lack of crop rotation. In the present study efficacy of some fungicides inctuding Propamocarb hydrochloride (Proplant722sl®), Metalaxyl (Ridomyl GR 5 %®) and Bordeaux Fix (SC 18 %®) on control of cucumber damping off was investigated in nursery and greenhouse. The effect of Propamocorb hydrochloride with dosages 0.75, 1 and 1.25 ml/1000 was compared whit Metalaxyl G2.5g/m2, Bordeaux Fix Sc5 mg/1000 and control (without fungicide) using a completely randomized designe.Simple and combined analysis of variance was carried out by SAS soft ware. The results showed that the percentages of cucumber seeding’s damping off in nursery and greenhouse were significantly different among the fungicides with apphed dosages. In nursery, Propamocarb hydrochloride 1ml/1000 with 7.62% damping off had the highest effect on disease control and Bordeaux Fix with 41.50% damping off had the lowest effect compared to the other fungicides and control treatments. In greenhouse, the highest and lowest percentages of damping off (45.00% and 3.75%, respectively) were recorded in propamocarb hydrochloride 0.75 m/1000 and metalaxyl 2.5g/m2 treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - d
mohammadali faghiyeh hasanali bahramzadeh ali mahfouzi -
Open Access Article
63 - Assessing Mossadegh's Mentality and Political Response to Democratization in Iran with Emphasis on Civil Society
farzaneh dashti hadis bagheriniaContemporary Iran has had a tumultuous history in terms of independence and liberation struggles, internal and external struggles, and the presence of great powers, but the era of Mohammed Mossadegh's rise to power due to the unexpected events that followed The era happ MoreContemporary Iran has had a tumultuous history in terms of independence and liberation struggles, internal and external struggles, and the presence of great powers, but the era of Mohammed Mossadegh's rise to power due to the unexpected events that followed The era happened, a very important period in the history of contemporary Iran. Because of the thematic significance of this period, there are several theories about the cause of the failure at this juncture. The main question in this study is to what extent does Mosaddeq reflect democratic processes in his political action. To achieve this purpose, a combination of the analytical-historical method and the Hermione Skinner method was used. The research hypothesis is that Mossadegh pursued guided liberal democracy, but the fragile political context prevented his democratization. The final analysis of this study is that the political context of this period was weak and the root weakness of civil society the most important reason for the failure of demo doctrine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The interaction of the 15th Parliament and the Qawam al-Sultaneh Democratic Party during the period of Reza Shah's absolute power and the pre-dictatorship of Mohammad Reza Shah
delavar namdar alireza alisoufi mahmood seyyedAbstractAssembly and parliament are considered to be the most important pillars of democracy in any government, all over the world, which acts as a procedure to increase people's participation in determining their destiny. But Reza Khan's power was the end of the consti MoreAbstractAssembly and parliament are considered to be the most important pillars of democracy in any government, all over the world, which acts as a procedure to increase people's participation in determining their destiny. But Reza Khan's power was the end of the constitutional dream and his successor continued his father's path. However, in the early period of Mohammad Reza Shah's rule, the position of the Majlis improved to some extent.who did not have much desire or ability to exercise power in a completely dictatorial manner, what has he benefited from this situation? Also, according to these cases, a better understanding and analysis of the Qawam al-Sultaneh Democratic Party and its political role in this period is the main concern of the present research.The findings of the research indicate that Qavam's activities in the Democratic Party had an important result. And that was that for the first time in the history of Iran, after the constitution, the doors of the government and the parliament were opened to new and younger figures, and many senior and old figures were rejected from the government, and on the contrary, the new forces entered the cabinet by joining parties and They finally managed to sit on the seat of the parliament. Also, Qavam's actions caused the 15th Parliament to reject the agreement between Qavam and Sadchikov regarding the establishment of a mixed company of Iranian oil and Russia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Politics and Aesthetics: An Study of the Political Subject in Jacques Rancière's Theory.
mahshin siavashpoori mohammadreza tajik Hoseinali NowzariToday, the culture and actions of individuals are very different from those of the past. We are skeptical of the functioning of political institutions and parties, of traditions and ideologies, of inherited intellectual and philosophical schools, and the lack of new con MoreToday, the culture and actions of individuals are very different from those of the past. We are skeptical of the functioning of political institutions and parties, of traditions and ideologies, of inherited intellectual and philosophical schools, and the lack of new concepts and methods in political theorizing is strongly felt. do. In this article, it is written that the discussion begins with the nature of the subject, then shows the role and presence of the "other" in its subjugation, and finally proposes Rancière's policy and aesthetics for the liberation of the subject democracy must go beyond philosophical and sociological boundaries. For him, aesthetics are areas that pave the way for living as equals in society. In this regard, along with describing the key concepts of Rancière's theory such as the distribution of the tangible, police order and equality, how aesthetic theory is transcended by philosophical and discourse topics and theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Analyzing the Place of Expediency in Elections by Looking at the Two Discourses of the Islamic Revolution and Liberal Democracy
ابوالفضل ذکایی masoud jafarinejad seyyed mohammadali shariatyIn the current research, it is tried to explain the concept of expediency and examine its application in the electoral process of the two systems of Islamic revolution and liberal democracy. And on this basis, while explaining the structure and components of expediency MoreIn the current research, it is tried to explain the concept of expediency and examine its application in the electoral process of the two systems of Islamic revolution and liberal democracy. And on this basis, while explaining the structure and components of expediency in Shia jurisprudence and comparing it with the philosophy of the liberalism system, let's explore the nature of the differences, similarities and of course the results of these two approaches.In this work, which is based on the structural analysis and investigation of these two government systems, we found that the explanation of expediency in these two discourses was accompanied by complications and components that ultimately led to the formation of elections. In the Velayat al-Faqih system, this is the ruling of the government that determines the establishment of institutions and the regulation of events in elections, and its ultimate goal is to preserv Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Islamic revolution of Iran in the context of the difference between the attitude of present science and positivist perception
Bahamn Kohantorabi mojtaba atarzadeh alirreza golshaniThe present research was conducted with the aim of examining a part of the theoretical foundations of two positivist approaches and presence thinking in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, with a comparative method. This essay raises the question that what was the common MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of examining a part of the theoretical foundations of two positivist approaches and presence thinking in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, with a comparative method. This essay raises the question that what was the common denominator in the design of positivist attitudes and present science during the Islamic revolution? It assumes: Both approaches have presented the political and social theory leading to their desired governance model in response to the basic needs of the nascent revolutionary system, while explaining the epistemological foundations. The findings of this research show that the first approach, while modeling western modern knowledge with the link of democracy and religion, introduces its governance model as a religious democratic government, but the second approach, in the light of serious criticism towards the West and modernity, with an emphasis on thinking and science Hozuri chooses the Islamic government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Bush and Trump's Inspirational Pattern in Building Nation and Promoting Democracy
Alireza Mashoori Rouhollah Shahabi Bahram Yousefi Fereydoun Akbarzadeh Alireza Mashoori[1], Rouhollah Shahabi*[2], Bahram Yousefi[3], Fereydoun Akbarzadeh[4] Abstract: Leo Strauss's ideas have had a profound impact on US foreign policy. One of his most important ideas is his views on despotism and the political regime, which emer More Alireza Mashoori[1], Rouhollah Shahabi*[2], Bahram Yousefi[3], Fereydoun Akbarzadeh[4] Abstract: Leo Strauss's ideas have had a profound impact on US foreign policy. One of his most important ideas is his views on despotism and the political regime, which emerged in the Bush administration with the idea of regime change in Iraq. The United States has a global mission to promote American values and democracy. This global mission in the Bush administration was interventionist and militaristic. But Trump believes America's position internationally weakened and that the domestic situation is unfavorable. Trump sees the situation as a result of foreign intervention. Trump seeks to change US policies to return to his former position, the changes that Trump's Strauss supporters compare with regime change. Bush seeks interventionism, but Trump uses modeling to promote America to a stance as an example to be emulated. [1] . PhD student, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, alirezamashoori@gmail.com [2] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, Corresponding Author, shahabi89@hotmail.com [3] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, brmyousefi@gmail.com [4] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, drfereydoun.akbarzadeh@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Party in the View of Ayatollah Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjan
Mohammad Reza Ali Hoseini Abbasi Khodayar Mortazavi Acel Seyed Ataollah SinaeiFrom the 1820s onwards, parties emerged as a way to achieve democracy and played a role in governing countries. In Iran, following the constitution, parties began to operate. But to the circumstances, their role in governance was different. In this article, with the aut MoreFrom the 1820s onwards, parties emerged as a way to achieve democracy and played a role in governing countries. In Iran, following the constitution, parties began to operate. But to the circumstances, their role in governance was different. In this article, with the author-centered hermeneutic method as a step in the evolution of research on the position of parties in Iran, we study the attitude and role of Hashemi Rafsanjani as one of the active elements in the struggles before the revolution and from the foundations of the government after the revolution as a central question. After examination, we see that he believes in organizational and civic work as well as the party, and is one of the founders of the Society of Fighting Clergy and the Islamic Republic Party and the Construction Agents Party. He considered the possibility of partisanship to be subject to the political conditions and understanding of the society and encouraged the new party system in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - political participation and democratic system and political culture
Farhad Mehregan Abolhassan Faghihi Naser MirsepassiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of political participation in the establishment of a democratic system and to determine the participatory mechanisms to shape the values of the political culture in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. This research MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of political participation in the establishment of a democratic system and to determine the participatory mechanisms to shape the values of the political culture in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. This research is in terms of nature and method, descriptive (survey) and in terms of relations between variables, is one of the correlation studies. The statistical population of the study consisted of directors and deputies of 13 ministries selected by cluster sampling. The sample size was 73 using Cochran formula. The research data were collected through researcher-made questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed by various tests. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software, using correlation and path analysis. The results showed that there is a strong and positive correlation between the research variables and the route of influence between them is acceptable. So that, political participation of citizens has been effective in establishing a democratic system firstly, democratic processes have succeeded in shaping the values of a successful political culture secondly. It can also be predicted a high percentage of change on based on the existing situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Social factors related to the tendency of female students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz towards democracy .
Javad Ali Ali Akbarpour Mahmoud Elmi Samad AbedeniThe main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between some social and individual factors related to the tendency of students of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz to democracy. The type of research was applied, the research method was survey and th MoreThe main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between some social and individual factors related to the tendency of students of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz to democracy. The type of research was applied, the research method was survey and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the measurement tool was determined through the face validity and reliability of the instrument using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of students was Islamic Azad University of Tabriz with 12 faculties and had 20100 thousand students. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 377 people. The sampling method was stratified randomly proportional to the size of the population. According to the information obtained, Pearson correlation coefficient between the variables of tendency to democracy and religiosity is 0.65, which indicates a direct and positive relationship. Also, according to the test result, the average of the variable of tendency towards democracy varies according to the type of family. The tendency towards democracy is slightly higher among single students than among married students. Based on the findings, the tendency of students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz to democracy varies according to the job status of students. There is a need to create the conditions for the creation and expansion of civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations in order for students to participate in political activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A comparative study of women's political empowerment in South Caucasus countries from 2006-2021 by a new global Index.
Mohammad Shohratifar Nader Bohlooli Mojtaba Ramazani Hosein EmariPolitical empowerment of women is a social process for the development and progress of societies and is increasingly recognized as vital to modern governments. Scholars and scholars alike see inextricable links between women's political empowerment and its outcomes for MorePolitical empowerment of women is a social process for the development and progress of societies and is increasingly recognized as vital to modern governments. Scholars and scholars alike see inextricable links between women's political empowerment and its outcomes for women, children, and society as a whole. In this article, a qualitative method with a comparative approach is used. The comparative study is using descriptive-analytical method and the collection of sources is by documentary method. The first step is the description of the studied phenomenon, which is represented in documentary studies, and the second step is the process of comparing and matching and extracting differences and similarities. The findings show the movement of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of women's political empowerment, this country has maintained its status unchanged in this field from 2006 to 2021, although there has been no significant growth, but no significant decrease is observed either. The country of Armenia has started its growing process since 2006 and in 2020, despite the internal political crises and defeat in the Karabakh war, it has managed to leave Georgia behind. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting and democratic parenting on the conflict between mothers and adolescents aged 13 to 15 years
Farahnaz Fard Shahla Pakdaman Asghar MinaeiThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting and democratic parenting on the conflict between mothers and adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. This study was experimental with pre-test-post-test and randomized follow-up in terms of appl MoreThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting and democratic parenting on the conflict between mothers and adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. This study was experimental with pre-test-post-test and randomized follow-up in terms of applied purpose and method. The statistical population included the mothers of 13 to 15 year old female students in Tehran. A total of 175 mothers were selected from a junior high school and were assessed using the Murray Strauss (1979) Conflict Scale. Fifty-four mothers with the highest conflict scores were randomly assigned to three groups of 18 after matching. The two experimental groups received eight 120-minute training sessions. Subjects were tested in three stages by the Murray Strauss (1979) Conflict Scale. The results of data analysis using SPSS software and repeated measures analysis of variance method showed that the mother-adolescent conflict scores of both experimental groups in the post-test were significantly reduced compared to the control group and were still low in the two-month follow-up (P>0/01). It was also found that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on the conflict between mothers and adolescents (P<0/05) and both methods can be used to reduce mother-adolescent conflict.The results of data analysis using SPSS software and variance analysis method withRepeated measurement showed that the mother-adolescent conflict scores of both experimental groups significantly decreased in the post-test compared to the control group. And it was still low in the two-month follow-up. It was also found that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on the conflict between mothers and adolescents it does not exist and both methods can be used to reduce the mother-teen conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - A comparative study on the relationship between political participation and social alienation among Tabriz men and women
Hamze Sadeghian Amir Mazaheri Mahmoode Elmii Firoz RadAbstractToday, participation in the context of a democratic and civil society is institutionalized and the development thinkers believe that the political participation of mass people is one of the signs of political modernization. This study aims to do a comparative st MoreAbstractToday, participation in the context of a democratic and civil society is institutionalized and the development thinkers believe that the political participation of mass people is one of the signs of political modernization. This study aims to do a comparative study on the relationship between political participation and social alienation among Tabriz men and women. To explain the pathological forms of political participation and also passivity, unwillingness and indifference, the sociologists used the social alienation theories. The question is that what is the relationship between political participation and social alienation among the men and females in Tabriz city? This is a survey study and the measurement tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population includes the over 18 year old men and women in Tabriz. The sample size, based on Cochran formula, was 354 people and the data were gathered through Cluster sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was verified through formal validity and the reliability was calculated by Cronbakh formula. To analyze the data, SPSS software was used and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that there was not a significant correlation between political participation and social alienation of men and women so that women's political participation in Tabriz was lower than that of men while the women's social alienation was more than men's.Keyword: political participation, social alienation, men and women, democratic society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Tendency to Democracy and Its Relationship with Religiosity and Family Type: A Survey among Students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
Javad Ali akbarpour Mahmoud Elmh Samad AbediniThe main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between some social and individual factors related to the tendency of students of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz to democracy. The type of research was applied, the research method was survey and th MoreThe main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between some social and individual factors related to the tendency of students of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz to democracy. The type of research was applied, the research method was survey and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the measurement tool was determined through the face validity and reliability of the instrument using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of students was Islamic Azad University of Tabriz with 12 faculties and had 20100 thousand students. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of 377 people. The sampling method was stratified randomly proportional to the size of the population. According to the information obtained, Pearson correlation coefficient between the variables of tendency to democracy and religiosity is 0.65, which indicates a direct and positive relationship. Also, according to the test result, the average of the variable of tendency towards democracy varies according to the type of family. The tendency towards democracy is slightly higher among single students than among married students. Based on the findings, the tendency of students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz to democracy varies according to the job status of students. There is a need to create the conditions for the creation and expansion of civil society organizations and non-governmental organizations in order for students to participate in political activities.Conflict of interes"According to the authors of the present article, there was no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Comparative Study of Liberal Democracy with Religious Democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the point of view of political sociology
Shahram Tahmasebi Mehrdad Javaheripour Reza Ali MohseniThe purpose of this study is to compare the political system of the IRIwith the political system of liberal democracy in order to understand thetype of political model governing this country. The research method iscomparative and the technique of collecting information MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the political system of the IRIwith the political system of liberal democracy in order to understand thetype of political model governing this country. The research method iscomparative and the technique of collecting information is documentary.At first, this article referred to the concept and principles of liberaldemocracy then these principles (1. The principle of people's sovereignty;2. Political equality; 3. Political freedom; 4. Universal monitoring; 5. Theauthenticity of the law) were compared to the Islamic Republic's politicalsystem. The results show that, the principles of liberal democracy have amajor difference with the system of the IRI, but this does not mean thatthe kind of political system ruling in Iran is not democratic, but despitesome authoritarian elements in the political structure of the IRI, in sumthis type of political system is a model based on the principles of thereligion of Islam and the Iranian tradition, that is a government that bythe will of the majority of people is bound to the principle of governingthe religion of Islam in the realities of the life of individuals and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The examination of social factors of the political socialization associated with the tendency toward democracy among the students of local universities of Mahabad
Hejar Ivar Firouz RadThe main purpose of study is to determine the relationship between thetendency towards democracy and political socialization. Democracy hasbeen proposed on the base of ideas of Robert Dahl, Schumpeter, Huntington,Habermas, Cohen and Kymlicka as dependent variable and po MoreThe main purpose of study is to determine the relationship between thetendency towards democracy and political socialization. Democracy hasbeen proposed on the base of ideas of Robert Dahl, Schumpeter, Huntington,Habermas, Cohen and Kymlicka as dependent variable and politicalsocialization with its dimensions of political participation, politicalawareness, political trust, ethnicities and political solidarity has beenproposed based on the theories of Parsons, Giddens, Huntington, Kymlicka,Held and Robert Dahl. The population of the study was 354 students whowere selected by cluster stratified sampling method and a questionnairewas used for collecting required data. The results show that, there is ameaningful relationship between political socialization and the tendencytowards democracy and the rate of the tendency towards democracy andpolitical socialization is moderate to high. There is a meaningfulrelationship between social factors such as political participation, politicalawareness, ethnicocenterism and political coherence with the tendencytowards democracy. Also, there is no relationship between political trustand the tendency towards democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Political Development process in Iraqi Kurdistan Region and it's Effect on Iranaian National Interets (1991-2020)
safar valadbaigi sadegh zibakalam monfared sayed alireza azghandi aliashraf nazarianThe formation of an autonomous and later federal system in Iraqi Kurdistan has been the product of international political interactions and Kurdish nationalist struggles in the form of political parties. The experience of three decades of Iraqi Kurdish parties in govern MoreThe formation of an autonomous and later federal system in Iraqi Kurdistan has been the product of international political interactions and Kurdish nationalist struggles in the form of political parties. The experience of three decades of Iraqi Kurdish parties in governing, self-governing, developing new democratic institutions, and generating challenges to the growth of democracy means that the Kurdistan Region is a rich place to test the relationship between political parties and political development. The main question is: In the process of political development of the Kurdistan region, what role did the main parties play in the conflict of existing obstacles and resources? The research method is documentary method. Data included library resources, and interviews with ten experts in the field of political development at universities in Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan. Findings show that although the process of political development in this region has not been continuous, dynamic and increasing, but this region with the rule of its parties over the last three decades is moving towards a kind of minimal democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Recognizing the concept of committed democracy in political thought Dr. Ali Shariati
Ali Mirzaee داراب فولادی امید علی احمدیRecognizing the concept of committed democracy in political thought Dr. Ali Shariati Ali MirzaeeDr. Darab Fouladi Dr. Omid Ali Ahmadi Abstract:Ali Shariati as an intellectual in various fields in the field of contemporary Iranian thought has taken great steps and has ap MoreRecognizing the concept of committed democracy in political thought Dr. Ali Shariati Ali MirzaeeDr. Darab Fouladi Dr. Omid Ali Ahmadi Abstract:Ali Shariati as an intellectual in various fields in the field of contemporary Iranian thought has taken great steps and has appeared as an author thinker. The part of his intellectual production that has had a profound effect on the political and social developments of our country has been the introduction of the element of social responsibility and the concept of "commitment" to the dictionary of intellectuals and political action. To do this, he redefined politics and related concepts. In this research, researchers have examined the theoretical foundations and background of Shariati's reading of politics, especially the theory of ummah and imamate or committed democracy. In the meantime, the main question that has been the focus of the research is which macro-political approach has been influenced by Shariati in the conceptualization of committed democracy and what have been its theoretical consequences. Findings show that Shariati has been influenced by the social democracy approach in conceptualizing committed democracy and his attempt to integrate it with elements of the Shiite school is to present a theory of Imamate and redefining political concepts has led to this framework. In the process of conducting this research, the necessary information has been collected through the library method and has been inferred using a descriptive-analytical method. Keywords: Ali Shariati, Politics, Committed Democracy, Social Democracy, Nation and Imamate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Redefining Political Concepts in Ali Shariati's Thought
Ali Mirzaee Drab Fouladi Omid AliahmadiAli Shariati's thoughts had a profound impact on Iran's political and social developments. One of his main works was emphasizing on the element of social responsibility in political behavior. In this framework, he redefined politics and related concepts. In this researc MoreAli Shariati's thoughts had a profound impact on Iran's political and social developments. One of his main works was emphasizing on the element of social responsibility in political behavior. In this framework, he redefined politics and related concepts. In this research, we have examined the theoretical foundations of Shariati's reading of politics, especially the theory of ummah and imamate, and in this framework we have answered the main question: How did Shariati redefine the main political concepts? The findings of the research show that in redefining political concepts, Shariati was influenced by the critical approach on one hand and the discourse of social democracy on the other hand. he attempt to combine both with the elements of the Shia theory of ummah and imamate and redefine political concepts in this framework. In conducting this research, the necessary information was collected through the library method and inferred using the qualitative method and descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Reconstructing the Liberalists and Communitarians Discourse over Sandel`s Criticisms of Liberal Democracy
Ali Asghar Kazemi Hasan BojmehraniThinkers like Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alsadair Maclentyre and Michael Valdez, who are called communitarians, believe that liberal attitude of a person as a self-foundation and selective subject in nature cannot guarantee the understanding of communicative and co MoreThinkers like Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alsadair Maclentyre and Michael Valdez, who are called communitarians, believe that liberal attitude of a person as a self-foundation and selective subject in nature cannot guarantee the understanding of communicative and connective status of the person with social traditions and culture. Presenting a disarranged picture from the relation between person and society can lead to inadequacy in defining the human values like justice, freedom, equality, and moral virtues. Furthermore, communitarian thinkers have criticized ideas like the notion of non-textual self, impartiality of government, and universality of liberalist ideas. As an example, Sandel has followed the roots of declining of American republican idealism in procedural liberalism as an immediate result of such idealisms. In contrast, liberalists have attempted to prepare an adequate response which has brought about this academic debate between these two groups. Hence, the first aim is to reconstruct Sandel`s criticisms of liberalism. Secondly, by presenting the liberalists and communitarians arguments, Sandel`s ideas and thoughts have been investigated from a theoretical and practical perspectives. Theoretically, Sandel has analyzed the notion of non-textual self of a person and has discussed about its incongruity and its deficiency. Government impartiality and procedural liberalism has been criticized from practical view point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - aa
masomeh reshad Rohollah Ahangaranaa -
Open Access Article
83 - Obstacles to Democracy in the Middle East
Amir SajediOne of the clear cut characteristics of the Middle East is that its components have similar politico-historical fate. This common fate, to a large extent, has been influenced by the role played by imperialism, religion and common customs and cultures that have left thei MoreOne of the clear cut characteristics of the Middle East is that its components have similar politico-historical fate. This common fate, to a large extent, has been influenced by the role played by imperialism, religion and common customs and cultures that have left their impact on the political structure of the countries in the region. The un-matching structures of the authoritarian regimes concurrent with the expansion of communications between different political unites are prone to politico-social changes. In order to overcome the crisis some of the political systems of the Middle East have tried to bring about reforms under surface in their political structures. Reforms in the Middle East have a history as old as the region itself but unfortunately these reforms, despite their needs, had neither taken roots nor had followed a forward trend. Having said that, the absence of democracy is one of the important problems of the region which has caught the attention of many experts. Although a lot of efforts have been made to resolve this problem (slow movement towards democracy), unfortunately not much success has been achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - State and Political Development in Malaysia
Reza ShirzadiMalaysia is one of the Asian southeast countries which began its socioeconomic development after the Second World War and particularly during 1970’s. This country applied the exact economic management and used the development experience of the first generation in MoreMalaysia is one of the Asian southeast countries which began its socioeconomic development after the Second World War and particularly during 1970’s. This country applied the exact economic management and used the development experience of the first generation in the region (Japan and south Korea), foreign investment and free enterprise system in its road to development and it is today one of the developed Muslim nations. Though, this nations, as of yet, is not politically as democratic as developed nations, however, it increasingly marching toward a more democratic political system. This article aims to present argument on the process of economic and political development Malaysia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The study was to investigate the relationship between the managers´ quality of work life and their productivity in Sardasht schools in 1387-1388
,M.A Farnia KH ShojaeiThe main objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the managers´ quality of work life and their productivity in sardasht schools in 1387-1388. The methodology of the study was descriptive–correlation. The statistical population was a MoreThe main objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between the managers´ quality of work life and their productivity in sardasht schools in 1387-1388. The methodology of the study was descriptive–correlation. The statistical population was all the managers in Sardasht schools wich included 212 people. Using cochran´s formula it was adjusted to 75 sampaling method was ratio stratified random sampling.In order to collect the data, two researcher made questionnaires namely quality of work life and productivity were used. The reliability of the questionnaires using the cronbach a were 0/91 and 0/92 respectively. The data were analysed using pearson correlation, t-test, and one wey ANOVA. The results showed that there is significant difference between the managers´ quality of work life and their productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - بررسی رابطه میزان خودشکوفایی افراد با میزان نگرش آنان به دموکراسی (مطالعه موردی دانشجویان دانشگاه یزد)
مهناز فرهمند سجاد ممبینی یاسین خرم آبادیکی از کششهای درونی هر انسانی تحقق استعدادهای درونی خود میباشد که بیشک میتواند ثمرات مثبتی در نگرش به پهنه اجتماع و کنش اجتماعی آنان داشته باشد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه میزان خودشکوفایی افراد و میزان نگرش آنان به دموکراسی است. در این راستا به بررسی این رابطه Moreیکی از کششهای درونی هر انسانی تحقق استعدادهای درونی خود میباشد که بیشک میتواند ثمرات مثبتی در نگرش به پهنه اجتماع و کنش اجتماعی آنان داشته باشد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه میزان خودشکوفایی افراد و میزان نگرش آنان به دموکراسی است. در این راستا به بررسی این رابطه در بین 384 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه یزد در سال تحصیلی 93-1392 و به روش پیمایش پرداختهایم. همچنین از نظریات مشابه مازلو و اینگلهارت به عنوان چارچوب نظری استفاده گردیده است. بدینسان پس از جمعآوری دادهها، از طریق نرمافزار SPSS و آزمونهای آماری نظیر همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و ... به تحلیل دادهها پرداخته شده است. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش حاکی از آن است که هرچه افراد خودشکوفاتر باشند، از نگرش قویتری نسبت به دموکراسی برخوردارند. همچنین یافتهها نشان میدهد که از بین متغیرهای زمینهای تنها مقطع تحصیلی با متغیر وابسته در ارتباط است. بین سن، جنس و وضعیت تأهل با نگرش به دموکراسی رابطهای مشاهده نگردیده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Essential oil compounds, antibacterial property and antioxidant activity of different ecotypes of Nigella sativa L. in different habitats of Iran
ندا محمد ده چشمه عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی بهزاد آقابراری بهزاد حامدی -
Open Access Article
88 - Causes of inefficiency and development of parties in Iran during the first Pahlavi period (Case study : the Social Democratic Party (Egtemaeeyoun Ameeyoun) from 1905-1911)
somaieh emadi rastegar sina forozesh Gholamhossein ZargarinejadThe Democratic Party with the name "Amoun Socialist Sect" entered the country's political scene in the years when the Iranian society was passing through the stormy path of the constitutional revolution from the second parliament of the National Council and became the f MoreThe Democratic Party with the name "Amoun Socialist Sect" entered the country's political scene in the years when the Iranian society was passing through the stormy path of the constitutional revolution from the second parliament of the National Council and became the first and most important political party of the organization with the influence of the European party systems.This party was considered the main symbol of the radical (revolutionary) current, with 28 members in the second parliament and having a clear mission statement and with a program including the complete separation of the political power from the clerical power, the establishment of a compulsory system, compulsory education and the distribution of property among subjects. He worked against the moderate party, which was mainly composed of nobles and clerics. The main issue of this article is why the Democratic Party, which had a more advanced and progressive organization than other parties, could not implement its plans and finally became an ineffective party?The basic finding of the current research is that the factors of inefficiency and non-continuity of the Democratic Party depend on two categories of internal and external factors, among which are the tendency towards imported ideology, the weakness of civil society, autocratic political socialization, not matching with cultural and political issues. and social, Islamization and threats of terror, dependence on foreign governments, disbelief in the position and function of parties, economic attitude and how to reform, and differences of opinion and multiple views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - فرقه دموکرات آذربایجان خودمختاری یا تجزیه طلبی و نقش سران ارّان
دکتر سلیمان امین زاده -
Open Access Article
90 - Studding Democracy Convergence in Developing Countries: A Spatial Econometric Approach
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi mohsen pourabdollahan Parviz Mohamadzadeh zahra karimi parvin alimoradi afsharThe purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries h MoreThe purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries has a positive and significant effect on democracy. In other words, on average, the increase in the level of democracy in the geographic neighbors has led to a 6 percent increase in democracy, which reflects the political influence of each other. Also, foreign aids does not have a significant effect on the spread of democracy in developing countries. In general, the spatial effects of democracy or the theory of diffusion in developing countries are confirmed. Therefore, According to the theory of diffusion and convergence of democracy, increase or decrease in democracy in a country can increase or decrease democracy in neighboring countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - پیش بینی دمای سطح سنگزنی خزشی با استفاده از منطق فازی و به کمک روش هدایت حرارتی معکوس (IHCP)
محمد صدیقی علیرضا بابائی داود افشاری -
Open Access Article
92 - Overheating Recognition in Power Systems using Thermochromic Materials and Image Processing
Mehdi Abdi Vahid GhodsAccording to the diagnosis of defects in electrical equipment to prevent accidents, damage and losses, it is necessary to work effectively in identifying defects so that we can predict and prevent errors. Nowadays, thermal defects detect in power systems by thermography MoreAccording to the diagnosis of defects in electrical equipment to prevent accidents, damage and losses, it is necessary to work effectively in identifying defects so that we can predict and prevent errors. Nowadays, thermal defects detect in power systems by thermography. However, there is limitation such as the need to have expensive thermography equipment. In this paper, a new method for detecting defects in the electrical equipment is presented. In this method, the use of thermochromic materials has been suggested in power systems for the first time. Thermochromic is a kind of smart materials, which is returnable with temperature change. Since most of the defects in the equipment produce heat, if the equipment covers with thermochromic material, the color change is obtained with temperature rising. In this paper, the equipment was covered with thermochromic materials. Then, with introducing the novel feature regarding the histogram in the first level and DRLBP in the second level, the equipment was classified into two categories, with defect and without defect, by a neural network. The results showed that with increasing temperature, color changed in the location of defects and defect identification recognized easily and with high accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Validating MOOC-based Curriculum in Higher Education
Esmaeil Jafari Kourosh Fathi Vajargah Mahboobeh Arefi Morteza RezaeiZadehMOOCs are the beginnings of remarkable revolutions in the field of teaching-learning in higher education. Mooc-based curricula have provided new opportunities for facilitating independent learning and education motivation. So the purpose of the study is validating MOOC- MoreMOOCs are the beginnings of remarkable revolutions in the field of teaching-learning in higher education. Mooc-based curricula have provided new opportunities for facilitating independent learning and education motivation. So the purpose of the study is validating MOOC-based curriculum in higher education system. This is a combined and exploratory study. The grounded theory is used in the qualitative part and test pattern validation among the faculty members and PhD students of Tehran University are participated for quantitative studies. The statistical population included 14 professionals and experts in the field of educational technology and the quantitative part included all the faculty members and PhD students of Tehran Universities; so 214 of them were selected through stratified random sampling. A semi-structured interview was used for collecting data of qualitative part and the researcher questionnaire was used for quantitative part. The reliability and validity in qualitative part of the research was through reviewing by experts who did not participate in the study and it was calculated using Cronbach's alpha as 0.93 for the quantitative part. The content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to verify and test the conceptual model. The results are indicating 28 general categories of paradigm included causal conditions, the central phenomenon, underlying conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and outcomes that show the effective factors of MOOC-based curriculum and their relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Impact of Mock and Reverse Education on Adjustment to College in Students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Shirin Pourghaz Abdoljalal Toomaj Colthom GholamiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mock and reverse education on adjustment to college of students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The research method is quasi-experimental with control and experimental group with pretest MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mock and reverse education on adjustment to college of students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The research method is quasi-experimental with control and experimental group with pretest and posttest design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all sixth grade students of Golestan province who were randomly selected from two cities of Gonbad Kavous and BandarTurkmen. Then, 60 students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder were selected with the help of education departments and psychologists and specialists in the field of education and psychiatric disorders and learning. The research instrument was Baker,R. W.,&Siryk,(1984)adjustment to college questionnaire with24items. The Content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by psychologists and specialists in the field of educational sciences, mental disorders and learning and Mohammadi etal`s research. And its reliability using Cronbach's alpha in this study and Mohammadi et.al`s study was0.80and0.78, respectively. The results showed that mock-based and reverse-based educational methods had a positive and significant effect on adjustment to college in students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder, but mock-based education has a greater impact on adjustment to college in students with attention deficit / hyperactivity than reversed education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Identification of Learners Readiness for Massive Open Online courses (MOOC)
sakine ashrafi frooman hydarnejadAbstractAim: The aim of present research is to identify indicators of learners' readiness to participate in Massive Open Online courses (MOOC). Method: This qualitative research was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants in this study incl MoreAbstractAim: The aim of present research is to identify indicators of learners' readiness to participate in Massive Open Online courses (MOOC). Method: This qualitative research was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants in this study included 25 experts' online learning and MOOC courses .The selection of contributors was based on experience and general familiarity with the subject. The data were collected by semi-structured, interview, and general guidance methods and it continued until theoretical saturation. The data analysis using inductive content analysis method was conducted in three open, axial and selective levels. Findings:The findings of the study showed that learners' readiness to participate in MOOC courses consists of five main components that which are: Technical competencies, social competencies, learning competencies, individual competencies, attitudinal and cultural competencies; and eight sub-components. Results:Learners' readiness to participate in MOOC is an important factor in the register, continuation and follow-up of this type of online training that needs to be identified and reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Explanation of Strategies for approaching MOOCs in Higher Education Curricula
Ismael Jafari Kourosh Fathi Vajargah Mahboubeh Arefi Morteza RezaeiMOOCs are creative opportunities for instructors and students to expand their instructional roles, and make use of their own capabilities and skills in instruction and learning affairs on a novel informational and communicational basis. The purpose of this study is to i MoreMOOCs are creative opportunities for instructors and students to expand their instructional roles, and make use of their own capabilities and skills in instruction and learning affairs on a novel informational and communicational basis. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the strategies for approaching MOOCs in higher education curricula in Iran. This study is applicative and the method employed in conducting it is a qualitative one. The statistical society includes some of the experts in curriculum development, developers and instructors of MOOC-based courses and the course participants, among which 14 people have been selected using purposive sampling. The project data has been collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the most important strategies in easing the application of MOOCs in higher education curricula are: effective curriculum development for MOOCs, increasing international communications in higher education, social and cultural preparation in order to make use of MOOCs, having strategic plans for MOOCs in higher education, implementing suitable executive mechanisms in order to optimize the use of MOOCs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - اندازه گیری میزان اولئوروپین در کیک اسفنجی حاوی عصاره ی برگ زیتون
فریبا عطایی جواد کرامت محمد حجت الاسلامی مریم میرلوحیمقدمه و هدف: اولئوروپین ماده اصلی برگ زیتون است که اکثر خواص فارموکولوژیک برگ زیتون مربوط به آن می باشد. هدف اصلی در این پژوهش بررسی امکان به کارگیری برگ زیتون در صنایع غذایی (صنعت کیک) و به دنبال آن استفاده از خواص دارویی آن است. روش تحقیق: در تحقیق حاضر عصاره اتانولی Moreمقدمه و هدف: اولئوروپین ماده اصلی برگ زیتون است که اکثر خواص فارموکولوژیک برگ زیتون مربوط به آن می باشد. هدف اصلی در این پژوهش بررسی امکان به کارگیری برگ زیتون در صنایع غذایی (صنعت کیک) و به دنبال آن استفاده از خواص دارویی آن است. روش تحقیق: در تحقیق حاضر عصاره اتانولی برگ زیتون در سطوح 0، 1/0، 2/0، 3/0، 4/0 گرم (نسبت به 50 گرم آرد) به خمیر کیک اسفنجی افزوده شد و میزان اولئوروپین آن به وسیله دستگاه HPLC اندازه گیری شد، هم­چنین آزمون حسی هدونیک پنج نقطه ای با حضور بیست پنلیست انجام گرفت و صفاتی مانند طعم، پس طعم، بافت، رنگ، بو و پذیرش کلی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت نتایج و بحث: طبق آزمون حسی انجام شده ، نمونه حاوی 1/0 گرم عصاره، از نظر فاکتورهای طعم و پس طعم تفاوت معنی داری با نمونه شاهد نداشت؛ علاوه بر آن در مورد فاکتور بافت، نمونه های حاوی 1/0 و 2/0 گرم عصاره از نظر مصرف کننده تفاوت معنی داری با نمونه شاهد نداشتند. به طور کلی تنها سطح 1/0 گرم عصاره (به ازای 50 گرم کیک) از نظر مصرف کننده قابل پذیرش بود که در آن 003/0 گرم اولئوروپین موجود بود. هم­چنین از نظر میزان چربی، پروتئین و خاکستر اختلاف معنی داری بین تیمارها مشاهده نشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: برگ زیتون حاوی اولئوروپین به عنوان منبع غنی از مواد فنولیک با خواص دارویی فراوان می­تواند در صنایع غذایی به خصوص کیک استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The United States and Promotion of Democracy in Latin America: The Case of Venezuela
Ahmad Sabouri Nejad Akram TahaDemocracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicia MoreDemocracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicians to use it as a tool to promote their plans in the region. By considering democracy promotion (William Robinson’s view) in Latin America with focus on Venezuela as its basis, this article tries to investigate on the basis of what criteria and mechanisms has US applied democracy promotion to Latin America? The results of this study show that over the last quarter, US government has made endless efforts and planning in Latin America to let those elites, who agreed with neoliberal economic system and free market, come to power. Therefore it tried to prevent people, groups, nationalist and left-wing parties and totally, those who opposed neoliberal economic system from coming to power. To this end, destabilization of left and nationalist governments in the target countries was of the most important mechanisms in democracy promotion policy in Latin America; A policy which was pursued during all Hugo Chavez administration and even after that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Decline and Fall of the Turkish Model of Democracy in the Middle East
بشیر اسماعیلی mohammad zarezadeh محمد فلاحAbstract Turkey is having an important geographical and political position in the Middle East and has great influence on political developments of this region. Since coming into power of Justice and Development Party (AKP) Turkey has tried to have a more important plac MoreAbstract Turkey is having an important geographical and political position in the Middle East and has great influence on political developments of this region. Since coming into power of Justice and Development Party (AKP) Turkey has tried to have a more important place in the political development of the Middle East. Turkey by having a legacy of last Islamic Empire has tried to revive its influence in the Islamic World. In this direction in recent years Turkey has introduced herself as a successful political and economic model to the Islamic World and the Middle Eastern countries. The initial years of success in democracy, economic development, political stability and playing the role of a mediator in regional conflicts had been index of Turkey's model but in later stage successive failure occurred. The internal problems that Turkey is facing along with regional and international problems in political and economic fields showed that the Turkish model does not have the former attraction and in practice has failed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Analysis of the Role of Justice and Development’s Party Leaders in Turkey’s Strategic Actions in Internal Politics and Foreign policy
null null hossein arabian Alireza AghahosseiniAbstract: With the coming into power of the Justice and Development Party in 2002, Turkey has pursued different and paradoxical policies in internal and external affairs. The present article wants to study these changes in policy orientation and their relations with Jus MoreAbstract: With the coming into power of the Justice and Development Party in 2002, Turkey has pursued different and paradoxical policies in internal and external affairs. The present article wants to study these changes in policy orientation and their relations with Justice and Development Party leaders thinking. Therefore the article wants to find out that basically what factors determine the policy orientation of Turkish leaders in strategic spheres like the relation of religion and politics, democracy, economy and new Ottomanism and how these factors affect Turkey's policy decisions? The hypothesis of the article is " the Justice and Development Party wants to keep itself in power and keeps its interests by making using of a tinge of identity in internal and external policies. Hence from the view point of the article the mutual impact of structure and agents in Turkey's political development has led Justice and Development Party leaders in Turkey to follow an interest and identity seeking approach. This approach on the one hand tries to expand Turkish model of governance and on the other hand emphasizes on mutual relations of West and East (Islamic World). The purpose of Turkish leaders is to keep their hold on power. Such attitude has left fundamental impact on Turkish decisions in matters like secularism, liberal economy and Neo-Ottomanism. In addition they have proven to determine today's Turkish policies towards the region. The methodology used in the paper is document analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Obstacles on the Process of State-building in Iraq
ahmad zarean saeid maadani mohammad bagher tajeddin Abstract: After the fall of Saddam in 2003 Iraqi people formed a new political structure based on democratic principles. In this development the Iraqi Shiites and Kurds played an active role while the Sunnis passively participated. There was an impression that More Abstract: After the fall of Saddam in 2003 Iraqi people formed a new political structure based on democratic principles. In this development the Iraqi Shiites and Kurds played an active role while the Sunnis passively participated. There was an impression that with the fall of one of the biggest dictator in history, Iraqi will experience peace and stability but on the contrary the country plunged into severe political and security crises which disrupted the process of democratic state building and created serious challenge to Iraqi government. The present paper by a heuristic method and by making use of library sources and interview wants to answer this question as to "what are the obstacles on the process of state building in Iraq?" The underlying hypothesis is that the social gap which has been activated due to ethno-religious and tribal habitation of the population in Iraqi geography along with lack of necessary grounds for democratization and outside interference have disrupted the process of state building. The finding of the study besides corroborating the hypothesis shows that the consensus democracy as a model of political system on the one hand leads to social division and on the other hand creates an inefficient political system which is an obstacle on the path of state building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Introducing Indigenous Model of Civil Society in Islamic Republic of Iran
Abolhassan Faghihi Mashallah Valikhani DehaghaniThe civil society is one of those topics which has attracted the attention of many thinkers and different discipline like law, political science, economy, management and sociology are covered by this topic. The civil society is that part of social life which is organize MoreThe civil society is one of those topics which has attracted the attention of many thinkers and different discipline like law, political science, economy, management and sociology are covered by this topic. The civil society is that part of social life which is organized, voluntary, independent from government and based on legal system or rules which is accepted to the participants. The civil society is a public sphere between the government and citizens in which the dialogues and processes, activities, movements and organized social institutions exist in an autonomous and voluntary shape on the basis of a systematic rule. The civil society in the direction of its function acts in support of government and strengthens it. It also can oppose the government when it violates the rights of the citizens. The present article tries to answer this question that how the indigenous model of civil society is in Islamic Republic of Iran and what are its characteristics? For attaining this model the researcher first extracted a set of effective elements from theoretical debates and literature of research, and then they have drafted the first and preliminary model and in this regard made use of Delphi method in three stages. In the first stage of Delphi the view point of observers about suitability of these elements have been collected and they have been asked if possible add more elements to them or reduce some of them. In this direction the main aspects of civil society like participation, rule of law, clarity, efficiency and effectiveness, accountability, acceptance of responsibility, justice and bringing consensus along with their determinants and indexes are determined and other indexes were added to the first model by the observers. In the second stage of Delphi the observers have decided the degree of importance of each element along with the new indexes and the average of first stage answer. In the third stage of Delphi for the reason that all the elements have been considered important from the view point of the members, hierarchical method of analysis was employed to determine the coefficient of importance, their relative weight and the degree of their impact. At the end the conceptual model has been introduced and explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Moderate Islam and Democracy in Turkey
SayyedAhamd Movasaghi Hooman NayeriIn recent past, in the eyes of non-Muslim thinkers Islamists were synonymous with fundamentalists and there was no difference between the two for them but in recent years with coming to power of Islamists in Turkey these two terms have rightly found their distinct meani MoreIn recent past, in the eyes of non-Muslim thinkers Islamists were synonymous with fundamentalists and there was no difference between the two for them but in recent years with coming to power of Islamists in Turkey these two terms have rightly found their distinct meaning. At present, with coming to power of moderate Islamists in Turkey, they have presented themselves as a successful model for Islamists groups and societies. It has also led to the decline of the position of Islamic Fundamentalists and strengthening of democracy in that country. In fact for better understanding of the relations between Islam and democracy one has to pay attention to the dominant interpretation of Islam among the followers. What gives the final verdict or judgment about the relations between democracy and Islam by Islamist groups or societies is the dominant interpretation of Islam by Islamist groups or societies. Thus one cannot give a comprehensive verdict about compatibility or incompatibility of Islam with democracy. The present article wants to examine the impact of a dominant moderate interpretation of Islam in Turkey. The underlying hypothesis is that such interpretation of Islam is not an obstacle on the way of democratization but it has helped the deepening process of democracy and building the necessary institution for democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - A Study of the Internal Challenges and Obstacles of Democracy in the Middle East with Emphasis on Bahrain
Mohammad Sadegh Koshki Maryam NazempourThe topic of the present article is a study of the challenges and obstacles of democracy in the Middle East with emphasis on Bahrain. The main question of this article is what are the most important internal challenges and obstacles of democracy in Bahrain? The hypothes MoreThe topic of the present article is a study of the challenges and obstacles of democracy in the Middle East with emphasis on Bahrain. The main question of this article is what are the most important internal challenges and obstacles of democracy in Bahrain? The hypothesis of the article is that the main challenge to democracy in Bahrain is the traditional authoritarian rule which this itself prepares the ground for other obstacles and challenges. The present article is theoretical and by a descriptive-analytical method wants to examine the above issue. The finding of the study shows that the root of authoritarianism lies in culture and economy of the Middle East countries. In fact the political culture of the Middle East countries is authoritarian and this itself is a serious and basic obstacle on the way of democracy and free and independent civil society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - A Comparative Study of Supervision on Government in Islam and in Liberal Democracy
Masoud RaeiAmong the most important question in the field of general law is the mechanism of supervising the government and the rulers. This mental pre-occupation is having long historic roots and as a result the efforts made by intellectual and s are extensive. The important ques MoreAmong the most important question in the field of general law is the mechanism of supervising the government and the rulers. This mental pre-occupation is having long historic roots and as a result the efforts made by intellectual and s are extensive. The important question in this regard is the efficiency and feasibility of the suggested ways. Choosing a comparative approach is in fact a good answer to this question. The present paper tries to present a comparative approach between Islam and liberal democracy and evaluate the efficiency of methods of supervising the government. Obviously this evaluation will be possible by taking into consideration the principle, aim and implementation guarantees of both the systems. The paper is of the view that the political and legal system of Islam is more efficient. The reason to support this view is that the Islamic legal and political system is having a double mechanism for supervision, one is the internal supervision and the second one is the external supervision. The experience of prophet Mohammad (PBU) and Imam Ali (PBU) rules in the initial years of Islam is clear witness to this claim. It can also be a suitable and exceptional model for present day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Puzzle of Democracy in Afghanistan
Nozar Shafiee Aghdas EqbalIn spite of the famous grounds of democracy called “the decade of democracy” and even passing of the constitution، the beginning of the decision to set up democracy in Afghanistan is timed with the military attack on Afghanistan and military defeat of the Ta MoreIn spite of the famous grounds of democracy called “the decade of democracy” and even passing of the constitution، the beginning of the decision to set up democracy in Afghanistan is timed with the military attack on Afghanistan and military defeat of the Taliban after September 11، 2001. Taking into consideration the international and regional importance and implications of Afghanistan problem for the neighbouring countries، the present research is examining the question of democracy or in other words better to say “puzzle of democracy” in Afghanistan. After reviewing the theories of democracy in complicated societies and the close connection between ethnicity and democracy in Afghanistan the article divides the view points on democracy in that country into two main groups and then analyzes these two groups view points. In other words since the beginning of the process of democratization there are two distinct thinking on democracy in Afghanistan. The opponents and the critics of establishing democracy in Afghanistan are of the view that the complexities and the obstacles on the way of democracy are due to special socio-economic conditions of this society (the level of literacy، education، health standards، development، etc). They are also of the view that the democratization process itself has created negative outcome for the country. On the other hand the supporters of democratization in Afghanistan by laying emphasis on minimal democracy and liberal values believe that democracy by decentralizing power and political development and resolving the political participation crisis can help reducing the conflicts in Afghanistan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Democratic Peace Model and Cultural Diversity
Mehdi BaratalipourAbstract: John Rawls model of “democratic peace” by recognizing “peoples” and distinguishing between the “democrat liberal”, “hierarchical nobles”, “Burdened”, “Benevolent Absolutism” societies and MoreAbstract: John Rawls model of “democratic peace” by recognizing “peoples” and distinguishing between the “democrat liberal”, “hierarchical nobles”, “Burdened”, “Benevolent Absolutism” societies and outlaw governments in international arena visualizes international justice in line of “reasonability” and not rationality in relations among the countries. This concept of justice puts aside universal moral foundation in favour of “political overlapping consensus”. Now the question is whether this model of democratic peace recognizes cultural diversity in international arena. The critical argument of the present paper is this model is trying to recognize this diversity with taking advantage of the concept of reasonable pluralism, but eventually it also leads to a dream of universal utopian image of the moral foundations necessary for well-ordered international community, in a way which can proceed to humanitarian intervention and just war against the detestable “other”. The finding of the study is that by certain modifications in “democratic peace model” we can consider it successful in recognition of cultural diversity. Therefore, on the basis of this modification democratic peace by offering a “minimal approach”, “conceptual essentialism” and “realistic-utopian view” neutralizes cultural radical relativism and universalistic liberalism in world policy making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Explaining the Indexes of Democracy from John Locke’s View
Shiva Jalalpour Shohreh Jalalpour Sayed Majid MosaviThe political thought of the “architect of democracy” and “the father of liberalism” prepared the theoretical ground for the formation of serious debates on concepts like natural law and law based on that, separation of powers, constitutional mon MoreThe political thought of the “architect of democracy” and “the father of liberalism” prepared the theoretical ground for the formation of serious debates on concepts like natural law and law based on that, separation of powers, constitutional monarchy etc… in eighteenth century. Locke’s teachings created the ground for the growth of democratic movements and later liberals. These thoughts first led to revolution in England, the independence movement of the United States and French revolution and later they were approved in the constitution of most of the countries. They were approved in General Assembly of the United Nations and universal declaration of human rights in thirty articles. These thoughts had tremendous impact in the formation and foundation of democratic institution in the West. The present article wants to examine and explain the indexes of democracy in John Locke’s political thought. The finding of the study shows that John Locke while giving importance to the place of individuals, individual wisdom, good nature of individual and individual right to avail one of natural non-deprivable rights derived from natural law and such individual which is having the above rights is having precedence to primitive society and government. Locke believes that the legitimacy of government depends on the natural rights of the individual and for guaranteeing maximum adherence to these rights he formed the details of the thought of social contact theory. The result of this contract was the formation of rational government and an agent which the exercise of its authority is limited through different mechanism. In this way from epistemological point of view he laid the foundation of individualism. From epistemological aspect he believes in rationalism and collective wisdom and from political aspect he was the advocate of people’s rule and constitutional government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Developments of the Middle East and North Africa: Egypt and Strategic Mistake
Bashir Esmaeili Behroz Mokhtari Somayeh Malek Jamshidi Khane ZenianiThe unexpected developments in the Middle East which occurred in 2011 have attracted the attention of many experts. The long standing dictatorships of the region were caught in the domino of crisis. Some faced regime change; others faced widespread unrest or civil war. MoreThe unexpected developments in the Middle East which occurred in 2011 have attracted the attention of many experts. The long standing dictatorships of the region were caught in the domino of crisis. Some faced regime change; others faced widespread unrest or civil war. These developments took place at a time that few years ago during George Bush junior presidency in the United States of America, a plan was introduced with the name of “the Greater Middle East” which envisaged mechanism for political changes in the region. On the basis of this plan the inefficient governments of the Middle East which generally have undemocratic political system and are deeply affected by corruption and mismanagement at all levels will eventually create dangerous crises for the region. In fact the chaotic situation of some of the countries of the Middle East region not only lead to widespread migration of people to Western countries but in the long run result into growth and formation extremist anti-West groups. Therefore, it is better that democratic model of government substitute the existing form of government and the Western countries should reconsider their support for the dictators of the region. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis the Middle East and North Africa developments particularly Egypt (as an important actor of the region) within the framework of the greater Middle East plan. The underlying hypothesis is that the United States policy in connection with Egypt conforms to broad framework of the Greater Middle East plan, although the Egypt’s later developments after the fall of Mubarak which led to coming to power of Muslim Brotherhood was contrary to the United States’ objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - .
امیر مسعود امیر مظاهری mahmoud elmi فیروز راد Hamzeh Sadeghian -
Open Access Article
111 - مقایسهی تطبیقی دموکراسی لیبرال و دموکراسی گفتگویی (رویکرد کشورهای غربی)
علیرضا پناهی کمال پولادی -
Open Access Article
112 - نقش اپینفرین و بروموکریپتین در مرغهای تخمگذار اثر اپینفرین و بروموکریپتین بر رشد فولیکولی تخمدان و صفات تولیدی مرغهای تخمگذار
ی. بدخشان م. مظهریاین آزمایش برای مطالعه اثراپینفرین و بروموکریپتین بر رشد فولیکولی تخمدان و صفات تولیدی مرغهای تخمگذار طراحی شد. 30 مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن در سن 50 هفتگی به طور مساوی بین سه تیمار (10 مرغ برای هر تیمار) شامل کنترل (5/0 میلیلیتر سرم فیزیولوژیکی به ازای هر مرغ در هفته)، اپی Moreاین آزمایش برای مطالعه اثراپینفرین و بروموکریپتین بر رشد فولیکولی تخمدان و صفات تولیدی مرغهای تخمگذار طراحی شد. 30 مرغ تخمگذار لگهورن در سن 50 هفتگی به طور مساوی بین سه تیمار (10 مرغ برای هر تیمار) شامل کنترل (5/0 میلیلیتر سرم فیزیولوژیکی به ازای هر مرغ در هفته)، اپینفرین (5/0 میلیلیتر به ازای هر مرغ در هفته) و بروموکریپتین (100 گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن) تقسیم شدند. تزریق تیمارها به صورت یکبار در هفته و به مدت 10 هفته انجام شد. در انتهای دوره آزمایش همه مرغها کشته شده و تخمدان، مجرای تخم و فولیکولها مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. رشد فولیکولها به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر تزریق اپینفرین و بروموکریپتین قرار گرفت (01/0>P). تعداد فولیکولهای بزرگ وکوچک زرد رنگ و فولیکولهای بزرگ سفید رنگ تخمدان در مرغهای تزریق شده با اپینفرین و بروموکریپتین بیشتر از مرغهای گروه کنترل بود (01/0>P). تزریق اپینفرین و بروموکریپتین منجر به کوتاه شدن روزهای توقف تخمگذاری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل گردید (01/0>P). میانگین تولید تخم مرغ هفتگی و درصد تولید تخم مرغ در مرغهای تزریق شده با اپینفرین و بروموکریپتین بیشتر از مرغهای گروه کنترل بود (01/0>P). نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اپینفرین و بروموکریپتین میتوانند منجر به رشد و توسعه فولیکولها و تحریک تخمگذاری در انتهای دوره تولیدی مرغهای تخمگذار گردند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Temperature Variations Modeling in the Persian Gulf Using the Numerical Model of POM
Seyed Majid MosaddadTemperature, Salinity and density are as some of physical properties of sea water often varying there. Thermocline is a property as temperature varying in water column and having variations in terms of time and space. Study and investigation of existence and developing MoreTemperature, Salinity and density are as some of physical properties of sea water often varying there. Thermocline is a property as temperature varying in water column and having variations in terms of time and space. Study and investigation of existence and developing trend with seasonal variations conduct the researcher to some information about inter fluid events. Numerical methods have errors and approximations. Predicted values will be closer to real ones depending on more knowledge about influence of present forces and effective factors on the problem; so little errors happen in numerical study. Of course it is helpful to predict results for different time periods in suitable time and so compete them with measured values for evaluation of the results in the case study zone. In this research running a numerical model during a 6 months period from winter using measured values of temperature (ROPME 1992), and applying initial and boundary conditions, also effective factors on physical conditions variations in the zone, summer temperatures are resulted; Therefore formation and development of thermocline will be studied. In fact, development of thermocline from Strait of Hormuz to northwest of the Persian Gulf (Arvand river estuary) has been investigated by numerical modeling of temperature variations as dominant parameter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Temperature Variations Modeling in the Persian Gulf
Seyed Majid MosaddadTemperature, Salinity and salinity are as some of physical properties of sea water often varying there. Thermocline, is a property as temperature varying in water column and having variations in terms of time and space. Study and investigation of existence and developin MoreTemperature, Salinity and salinity are as some of physical properties of sea water often varying there. Thermocline, is a property as temperature varying in water column and having variations in terms of time and space. Study and investigation of existence and developing trend with seasonal variations conduct the researcher to some information about inter fluid events. Numerical methods having errors and approximations, and predicted values will be closer to real ones that it is related to more knowledge about influence of present forces and effective factors on the problem.Therefore, little errors happens in numerical study. Of course it is helpful to predict results for different time periods in suitable time and so compete them with measured values for evaluation of the results in the case study zone. Running a numerical model, Princeton, during a 6 months period from winter using measured values of temperature, and applying initial and boundary conditions, also effective factors on physical conditions variations in the zone, summer temperatures are resulted and so formation and development of thermocline will be analyzed. In fact, development of thermocline from strait of Hormuz to Northwest of the Persian Gulf (Arvand river estuary) has been investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The phenomenon of perceptual perception and perceptual experience of native home (Case Study : Medbaq of Mokrian region Homes)
Bayezid Golabi Qader Bayzidi Arsalan Tahmasbi Jalil SahabiThe present research seeks to explore the meaning of the architecture of the native houses of the Mukherian region of Iran, which is based on the sense of experience and perceptual experience. The ultimate goal of the research, the pure attitude toward the senses and th MoreThe present research seeks to explore the meaning of the architecture of the native houses of the Mukherian region of Iran, which is based on the sense of experience and perceptual experience. The ultimate goal of the research, the pure attitude toward the senses and the intent to discover their deep relationship and the expression of a scientific method for the visualization of the sensory perception of architecture and the perceptual experience of the home, with the disclosure and disclosure of the degree of conflict between senses and the importance of the characteristics of the perceptual experience in the Mokrian homes. The research was initially conducted using a phenomenological approach and then a descriptive-analytical method. The seven-step method and the MAXQDA software were used to analyze the information and provide the core category and SPSS software was used to measure it. The researcher conducted open and deep interviews and field entries in the following sections of the experience of life and characteristics of the information gathering about one of the premises of the house called "Medbaq (bread baking area)" and made important interpretations with the participation of residents and emphasis On "sensory perception of the subject" and "the nature of human experiences", under 45 important terms and then finally nine themes of meaning were identified and developed. Then, a core category called "Mokrian House": the identity of man, the space of man and the environment "was chosen as the true meaning of the houses of the Mokrian region of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - An Analysis of Organizational Democracy using Meta-Synthesis Method
Sattar Jahan Tabi Nezhad Foad Makvandi Ezatollah Kiani Ghanbar Amirnejad Vahid ChenariWorkplace democracy and psychological capital jointly provide positive insights for organizations and can lead to improved psychological states to improve engagement, employee energy and sense of learning, and increase vitality in the workplace. The aim of the current r MoreWorkplace democracy and psychological capital jointly provide positive insights for organizations and can lead to improved psychological states to improve engagement, employee energy and sense of learning, and increase vitality in the workplace. The aim of the current research is an analysis of organizational democracy using the hybrid method. This research is developmental in terms of its purpose and was carried out with the qualitative approach and Sandelowski and Barroso's Meta-Synthesis Method (2007). The statistical sources of the research include the documentary sources of the countries that had an organizational democracy model. It should be mentioned that these articles were selected based on the criteria for entering the metasynthesis process. Qualitative content analysis method was also used to analyze the data. In this study, to identify the components of organizational democracy, 32 codes were identified as basic themes. Among these, 28 codes were selected as organizing themes, and finally 9 dimensions were extracted as overarching themes, which are: organizational commitment, shared governance, fair organizational climate, organizational dignity, transparency, effective relationships, culture of organizational freedom, Organizational competitiveness and occupational justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Effect of bromocriptine on thyroid hormone levels in human blood
Siyamak Nayebi Reza HajihosseiniDrugs prescribed for the treatment of various diseases have side effects on various organs, including thyroid gland. Bromocriptine mesylase (bromocriptine) is a semi-synthetic alkaloid with high dopaminergic activity that directly stimulates dopamine neurotransmitters. MoreDrugs prescribed for the treatment of various diseases have side effects on various organs, including thyroid gland. Bromocriptine mesylase (bromocriptine) is a semi-synthetic alkaloid with high dopaminergic activity that directly stimulates dopamine neurotransmitters. In this study, samples were taken from two groups of patients over a period of 10 months. The first group included 25 normal clients and individuals which was known as euthyroid (with normal thyroid function with normal levels of thyroid gland) in the age range of 30-37 years (samples 1 to 25) and the second group included 25 other people with the same condition in the age range of 38-45 years (samples 26 to 50). Both groups used only bromocriptine tablets as drug treatment with the dose of 5mg/day in a period of at least 6 months. Based on the results, the levels of T3 and T4 hormones decreased significantly after treatment with bromocriptine. TSH levels showed a relative decrease in both age groups after treatment with bromocriptine. In this study, the effectiveness of bromocriptine on the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones T4, T3 and T-Uptake was confirmed by making statistically significant changes. Bromocriptine treatment appeared to affect two thyroid functions at two points, including the effect on TSH production by the hypothalamic axis as well as the disruption of T4 to T3 conversion in peripheral tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Variations of Thyroid Peroxidase Levels in Patients with Hyperprolactinemia Caused by Pitutary Adenoma
Siyamak Nayebi Reza HajihosseiniBromocriptine is used as an effective drug for patients with hyperplrolactinemia. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme of thyrocytes membrane. The enzyme has a gret role in formation of T4 and T3 by oxidizing tyrosine residues in thyroglobulines. In this study, samples MoreBromocriptine is used as an effective drug for patients with hyperplrolactinemia. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme of thyrocytes membrane. The enzyme has a gret role in formation of T4 and T3 by oxidizing tyrosine residues in thyroglobulines. In this study, samples were collected from two groups of women with hyperprolactinemia over a period of 10 months. The first group includes 25 normal clients and individuals which is known as euthyroid (with normal thyroid function and normal levels of thyroid gland hormones) in the age range of 30-37 years (samples 1 to 25) and the second group includes 25 other persons with the same condition in the age range of 38-45 years (samples 26 to 50). Both groups used only bromocriptine tablets as drug treatment with the dose of 5mg/day in a period of at least 6 months. The levels of anti TPO antibodies which is directly proportional to levels of the enzyme, measured both before and after the treatment with bromocriptine. In most cases bromocriptine treatment caused a decrease in levels of TPO enzyme antibodies. In current study, effectivenes of bromocriptine on TPO levels was confirmed by statistical assays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Investigation of graphene oxide nanoparticle adsorbent in removal of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions
Payam Bahar Amir Hessam Hassani Homayon Ahmad Panahi Elham MoniriThe presence of antibiotics in water resources as emerging contaminants can ultimately have health hazards. In the present study, graphene oxide adsorbent was synthesized using the Hummer method and used to adsorb amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. The effect of various var MoreThe presence of antibiotics in water resources as emerging contaminants can ultimately have health hazards. In the present study, graphene oxide adsorbent was synthesized using the Hummer method and used to adsorb amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. The effect of various variables such as pH, adsorbent dose, concentration of pharmaceutical compounds and reaction time on the removal of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin was investigated. Examination of the structural characteristics of synthesized graphene oxide shows that the specific surface area of the adsorbent is 9.7 square meters per gram and the average size of the pores in the graphene oxide adsorbent is 16.5 nm. pHzpc was also tested for the synthesized adsorbent and its value was 3.8. The effect of pH shows that graphene oxide adsorbent has the highest absorption of amoxicillin at pH 3 and ciprofloxacin at pH 5. Under optimal process conditions, the results show that in a duration of 60 minutes and a dose of 50 mg/L of graphene oxide and 10 mg/L of pharmaceutical compounds, finally 79.3% and 84.6% for amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin are removed, respectively. It can be concluded that the proposed adsorbent can be effective for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds and is very promising for the molecular separation of antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Removal of amoxicillin from an aqueous medium with the modified natural zeolite
ahmad rahbar kalishmi reza nodehi -
Open Access Article
121 - Islamic government and democracy
erfan khoshbakht Younes Vahed Yarijan Sayyid Husayn SadjadiThere are two fundamental issues regarding with Islamic government. Different and varied answers have been given to these two issues. So that the type of provided respond can lead to legitimacy and illegitimacy. So that some believe in boycotting the establishment of th MoreThere are two fundamental issues regarding with Islamic government. Different and varied answers have been given to these two issues. So that the type of provided respond can lead to legitimacy and illegitimacy. So that some believe in boycotting the establishment of the government during the absence , and in contrast, some believe in the continuation of divine social orders and the necessity of establishing it. Accordingly, each of them offers a specific structure of political power throughout the history of Islam. But in real Islam, which is reflected in the rule of the prophets and their true successors, the approach of the people is colorful in the heart of the government. Therefore, the system and method of government, as a result of which the answers have been given, is more focused on the main role of the people in the government and the granting of political power to them. In Islam, this principle in Islam expresses and supports the method of governing. So that it chooses religious democracy as the main possible mechanism to achieve this goal establishment of government and its sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Attār of Nishapur's Mantiq-u-Tayr and Orhan Pamuk's The Black Book: A Comparative Study
Samira Jamali Ghotolou Nasser Alizadeh Khayat Arash MoshfeghiOrhan Pamuk, the well-known Turkish novelist, has created some of his works under the influence of Iranian literature and in accordance with the patterns found in the masterpieces of classical Persian literature. In The Black Book, one of Pamuk's novels, modern Western MoreOrhan Pamuk, the well-known Turkish novelist, has created some of his works under the influence of Iranian literature and in accordance with the patterns found in the masterpieces of classical Persian literature. In The Black Book, one of Pamuk's novels, modern Western storytelling methods are combined with ancient stories and anecdotes of Eastern literature, including Persian literature. In the novel, Pamuk has paid special attention to Attār of Nishapur's Mantiq-u-Tayr and has tried to match his work with the symbolic patterns in Mantiq-u-Tayr. He has taken advantage of the content of Mantiq-u-Tayr and used it as a structural support for his work, and by creating special narrative situations, he has tried to represent the mystical paths in his novel. The present article, by analytical-comparative method, examines the way Pamuk benefits from Attar's ideas and how he was influenced by the Mantiq-u-Tayr. The findings show that the mystical, allegorical and narrative capacities of Mantiq-u-Tayr and The Black Book are similar in different ways. In his novel, Pamuk provides a semantic representation of the mystical concepts of Mantiq-u-Tayr, and refers directly to its stories, especially the story of the birds' journey to Mount Qaf; also, the mention of some common proper names in both books clearly shows that there is a deep intertextual relationship between the two works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigating barriers and challenges to freedom of information
Seyedeh Zahra Jafari Farsi Moin Sabahi Graghani Mostafa SerajiField and Aims: One of the basic foundations of transparent government is the right of citizens to access information. This right is one of the most important examples of intellectual freedoms, because with the help of accurate and measured information, people can culti MoreField and Aims: One of the basic foundations of transparent government is the right of citizens to access information. This right is one of the most important examples of intellectual freedoms, because with the help of accurate and measured information, people can cultivate their thoughts and minds and publish their thoughts. But sometimes it encounters obstacles that make it difficult to achieve the desired goals. Therefore, the question arises that what obstacles and challenges does freedom of information face in Iranian law?Method: This research has been applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically.Finding and Conclusion: The legal system of free access to information is one of the basic elements of democratic governments and the most essential tool for guaranteeing fundamental freedoms, including the right to freedom of expression and the right to self-determination. On the one hand, the right to seek or access information can be considered one of the most essential elements of freedom of expression, and on the other hand, democracy can not guarantee a bright future without guaranteeing the right to information. The right to information has two narrow and broad meanings. This right, in its narrow sense, envisages freedom to seek information, but its broader concept includes the right to access information or the right to receive information. A comprehensive interpretation of the eighth principle of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran justifies this right in the constitutional rights of our country. The legal system became the subject. Nevertheless, the recent law has its drawbacks, obstacles and challenges that have been mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - جایگاه احترام به کرامت انسانی در ارتقای اقتدار قضایی
علی اعتمادی باقر شاملو امان اله علیمرادی سیدمهدی احمدی موسوی -
Open Access Article
125 - The study of democracy and people's sovereignty in Shia jurisprudence relies on domestic and international laws
Amir Ahmadi Tahere pournemati shamsabad ali partoviField and Aims: : In Western thought, the sovereignty of the people is manifested in a democratic system, and the individual deals with his social relations with an identity independent from the society and the government. Also, the legitimacy of laws and government com MoreField and Aims: : In Western thought, the sovereignty of the people is manifested in a democratic system, and the individual deals with his social relations with an identity independent from the society and the government. Also, the legitimacy of laws and government comes from the sovereign will of the people, and governments guarantee the rights and freedom of the people.In fact, maintaining and respecting such mutual rights is necessary for the individual and the society. Because it is only in the shadow of fulfilling duties and fulfilling the right that the government and the individual can grow. In the Islamic system, there is a direct relationship between the people and the absolute sovereignty of God, and the people have been granted the right to self-determination, and the people have accepted this religious basis. The purpose of this research is that considering the fact that the government of Iran is republican and Islamic, this article aims to address the issue of how far the law of Iran as a republican state and Imami jurisprudence as well as international documents is correct. The sovereignty of the people and the establishment of democracy have been taken into account, and on the other hand, considering its Islamic nature, how has this right been applied?Method: The research method in this article is conventional in human sciences and the method of library study, which was compiled by analyzing the available materials in an analytical and descriptive way, while finding the necessary research and responding to the points and issues rose in this article.Finding and Conclusion: In the present study, the internal aspect of the right to self-determination, which is the right of the people to elect the government system and participate in the decision-making of the society, in terms of international laws and documents and the law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is based on Islamic jurisprudence, and its adaptation to Islamic jurisprudence , has been investigated and it can be seen that the Islamic Republic of Iran is a system based on religious democracy, which has been very successful in establishing a democratic system. Also, by studying Islamic sources, we can say that there is no conflict between the principles of Islamic jurisprudence and the right of people to rule, and the difference is in the rules of rule. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Presenting a favorable electoral model based on general election policies by studying international electoral systems (Case study: USA and Germany)
afsane bijekar mohammad Varasteh Bazghaleh ali dashtiField and Aims: The legitimacy or acceptability of political systems is created through general elections and the will of the nations, and some governments consider their legitimacy extraterrestrial and the only acceptability of the political system from the people. Lik MoreField and Aims: The legitimacy or acceptability of political systems is created through general elections and the will of the nations, and some governments consider their legitimacy extraterrestrial and the only acceptability of the political system from the people. Like the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is stated in the preamble of its constitution, "Government, from the point of view of Islam, does not arise from the position of class and domination of an individual or group, but is the crystallization of the political ideal of a nation of the same religion and like-minded people, which organizes itself in the process of intellectual and ideological evolution. Open your way to the final goal (moving towards Allah). However, the acceptance and holding of elections in all parts of the world is dependent on an electoral system based on which governments manage democracy. In this article, we seek to present a desirable election model based on general election policies by studying the German and American electoral systems.Method: This research article is applied and developmental in terms of its purpose, and the data was collected by library method and analyzed by qualitative method.Finding and Conclusion: Concerned about making the election system of the country fundamental, the Supreme Leader announced the general election policies in 18 paragraphs to the officials of the country on October 24, 2016, and no comprehensive election system has been developed and implemented in this regard. Considering that the electoral system of Germany and America is also proportional and majority; By studying international standards based on the 18 policies announced by the leadership, we have presented a "proportional democratic" electoral system with a specific and comprehensive structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - راهکارهای قوهی مقننه جهت نظارت بر قوی مجریه
هانه فرکیش -
Open Access Article
128 - حق بر صلح در نظام حقوق بین الملل در پرتو رویه و عملکرد دیوانهای کیفری بین المللی
حسین رستم زاد -
Open Access Article
129 - تقابل حق دعوت به مداخله، حق تعیین سرنوشت مردم، دموکراسی، جنگ داخلی، مشروعیت
رضا نصیری لاریمی -
Open Access Article
130 - حقوق و آزادیهای گروهی در رویه کمیته حقوق بشر
سید محمد هاشمی امید نوروزی -
Open Access Article
131 - International Organizations and Democratization: A Case Study of Afghanistan
Arezou Ravansetan Nozar Shafiee Hossain Daheshiar Rahmat HajiminiehAbstractIn democratization approach, the root of war and insecurity in the international system is the lack of democracy. Therefore, democratization of the governments has changed to an important procedure in the cold postwar world. This important issue is in progress s MoreAbstractIn democratization approach, the root of war and insecurity in the international system is the lack of democracy. Therefore, democratization of the governments has changed to an important procedure in the cold postwar world. This important issue is in progress sometimes in the form of process, and sometimes in the form of project, by the international organizations that have legitimation and universal acceptance. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of the international organizations on democratization of the governments that are in non-democratic status. Hence, by focusing on the role of the UN as one of the most effective public international organizations, this question is raised that what is the role of the international organizations, especially UN, in democratization of the governments? Hypothesis of the research, which is conducted in descriptive- analytical method, is that “the UN plays an active role through its major institutions such as Security Council, general meeting and secretary-general by implementing and executing the legal and political (or diplomatic) actions and institutionalizing for accelerating anti-authoritarianism and fixing democracy in the non-democratic countries”. Findings of the paper show that the high levels of independence and legitimation of the international organizations such as UN have made the democratization of the non-democratic governments possible. The case of Afghanistan will be reviewed for clarifying this interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Explaining and Analyzing the Tunisian Revolution from the Perspective of a Discourse Approach
Karim Shahvali محمد یوسفی جویباری Ehsan Shakeri KhoeeThe purpose of this article is to explain and analyze the 2011 Tunisian revolution from the perspective of the discourse approach ofErnesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. In line with the purpose of the research, the central question that can be posed and evaluated is that: MoreThe purpose of this article is to explain and analyze the 2011 Tunisian revolution from the perspective of the discourse approach ofErnesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. In line with the purpose of the research, the central question that can be posed and evaluated is that: in the framework of the theory of discourse analysis of Laclau and Muff, how it canbe analyzed the 2011 Tunisian revolution? The hypothesis of the article is that within the framework of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory, the Tunisian revolution can be interpreted as a revolution with intra-discourse and extra-discourse conflict to achieve a hegemonic position. The intra-discourse is related to the competition of the signifier ofsecularism signified , which in the framework its, the signifier of democracy and political freedom replaced the signifier of authoritarianism in the signified of secularism. And the extra-discourse conflict is related to the competition of the discourse of political Islam with secularism, especially the combination of religion and politics against the separation of religion from politics. Eventually, however, the discourse of political Islam and secularism (signifier of democracy and political freedom) formed the Tunisian revolution by being in an equivalence. The findings of the study also indicate that there is no specific ideology in Tunisia, and this in itself has made it possible for rival discourses to manage political and social developments in the country with a constructive coexistence. The research method is descriptive-analytical and discourse analysis has been used as an analysis tool to advance the research work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Feminism and Democracy in the Passage of History
Mohammad Towhidfam Lila EisavandAbstract During the twentieth century, many social movements that took shape was one of the women's movement and causes many changes in the status of women. Later, feminist women's movement and was named to the enormous changes that have been experienced three waves of MoreAbstract During the twentieth century, many social movements that took shape was one of the women's movement and causes many changes in the status of women. Later, feminist women's movement and was named to the enormous changes that have been experienced three waves of feminism have been called. The first wave of the women's movement began in 1850 and lasted until 1920. In this era of political freedom to women won the right to vote. The second wave women's movement began in 1920 and lasted until 1980, women in this period to some legal reforms were influenced by the trends were at the time and Marxist feminism, socialist and radical of those requirements. The third wave started from the 1980s and continues to this day’s Claim that the third waves of cultural structures have an impact on their communities. Feminism of the past to the dominant male-dominated, particularly in the funds has drawn criticism. Feminists claim that human knowledge has been able to open a new perspective. The struggle against the domination of men in political, social, cultural and economic mission of women in the three waves of feminism. Feminists believe that freedom and democracy ordained destiny of all human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - the dispute between pluralism and neo-pluralism as a new challenge for international institution in the twenty-first century
mansour Salehi Mohammad TohidfamThe pluralistic patterns of democracy, which emphasizes on external monitoring patterns, have been recognized as one of the most effective patterns of governance to date. This pattern involved some crises up to now and there have always been solutions to them. Neo-plura MoreThe pluralistic patterns of democracy, which emphasizes on external monitoring patterns, have been recognized as one of the most effective patterns of governance to date. This pattern involved some crises up to now and there have always been solutions to them. Neo-pluralism, with an emphasis on internal monitoring, was the answer to the crisis, but it was not enough to solve this problem. Therefore, it seems that the combination of these two is the best way to solve this crisis. Considering the fact that international institutions are based on the principles of democratic model, ups and downs of this challenge have also affected the international institutions and system. It seems that the dysfunctional pluralistic and neo-liberal approaches according to the pattern of democracy in the present age have also affected the international institutions of the world system, which throw the realization of democracy in the international arena in crisis. The study pattern of this research, based on the methodology of new institutionalism, aimed to provide a coherent model to present a new strategy to the international institutions through an integrated model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Pierre Bourdieu and the Idea of "Real Democracy": An Introduction to Political Participation in the Interaction Space between Agency and Structure
Ali Mortazaviyan Seyed Morteza FattahiAbstract Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002) is the most prominent figure in the French sociology that put an end to the hegemony of social action and structuralize theories in the field of sociology. He propounded Structural Constructivist Theory of politics through dialectic MoreAbstract Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002) is the most prominent figure in the French sociology that put an end to the hegemony of social action and structuralize theories in the field of sociology. He propounded Structural Constructivist Theory of politics through dialectical relationships between "fields" and "habits". Bourdieu's broad socio-anthropological and interrelation approach to power stands as opposed to the traditional academic political science discipline which emphasizes on the actual and objective operation of the political institutions (one of the legacies of the behavior list school) as well as on the more visible aspects of governing operations (elections, laws, policies, parties, etc). By contrast, Bourdieu as a sociologist and anthropologist approached the topic of power by stressing the social and cultural bases of power at the micro-as well as macro- levels. Naturally, this complicated view may not neglect analyzing electoral and democratic politics as doxa (dominated common belief) in political filed. Based on his critical view to current electoral democracies, Bourdieu emphasizes that delegation of power and political representation, despite the presence of the media and the press, inevitably leads to usurpation and manipulation of democracy. What does Bourdieu suggests as an alternative to representative democracies as a dominated doxa in political field? Bourdieu propounds the idea of "Real Democracy" which includes different dialectical categories as an alternative way to democratization of democracy in current societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Role of Ethnicities in Search of Political New Federalism of Iraq
Bijan Nayeri Mohamadamin AnsariAbstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown in MoreAbstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown into north, center and south, each with its own origin. In northern and Kurd-residing regions, their main concern is to establish federalism and adding Kirkuk (the area in conflict between Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Turkmens, with 40% of Iraqi oil) Of course, making such a claim has led to riffles between Kurds and Arabs (Shiite and Sunni) and in these areas, Kurds are placed against Arabs. In southern mainly Shiite areas (60% of Iraq oil), affected somehow by Shiites in neighboring countries (mainly Islamic Republic of Iran), this has led to Conflicts between Sunni Arabs and Kurds against Shiite in charge of government. But in the central area which is host of Sunni Arabs, reasons such as bad climate and lack of appropriate soil for agriculture and lack of oil causes that whenever Kurdish federalism and Shiite federalism is proposed, Sunni Arabs against Kurds and Shiites. In Iraqi administrative system, undesirable management quality makes mangers be interested in their ethnic interests instead of seeking administrative system efficiency, and this creates hater in other groups and ethnicities. Another barrier against national unity, is the paradox in creating national government, as a barrier against security and democracy and makes governance patterns in the region affect that and add to this paradox. In this article, the inside of Iraqi society and the relationship between ethnicities and competitions inside the government to attain political power and seize governmental posts are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Leadership Style and the Quality of Working Life of Staffs (Islamic Azad Universities of Isfahan)
Davood Kianoosh zahra boroumand Ali RezaiyanThis paper aims at investigating into the impact of leadership styles on the quality of working life of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan staffs, The statistical population and sample of the study were 2113 and 325 persons respectively. The two standard questionnaires MoreThis paper aims at investigating into the impact of leadership styles on the quality of working life of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan staffs, The statistical population and sample of the study were 2113 and 325 persons respectively. The two standard questionnaires were 18 questions for leadership style and 38 questions for quality of work life, which confirmed the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Regarding the purpose, the study is an applied work and is a survey research which its data collection has been carried out through the descriptive-analytical method. Various statistical techniques and methods such as Student’s T-Test, Factor Analysis, Logistic Regression, and Pearson and Kendall correlation coefficient were used in order to analyze the data of the study. The findings indicate that the more the administrators of the said university take the democratic leadership, the more the staffs’ quality of working life will be improved. Moreover, the democratic leadership style has positive impact on parameters such as team communication, work stress relief, organizational commitment, organizational partnership, organizational conflict reduction, support of administrators, support of colleagues, role clarity and delegation of authority. However, it had no impact on safe and healthy work environment as well as salary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - دیپلماسی رسانهای رویکرد پسامدرنیسم در روابط بینالملل نسبت به تاثیرات رسانههای نوین بر دیپلماسی
dr.zahra kharazi -
Open Access Article
139 - The analysis of party activists action patterns in Iran (The study Parties from 60s to 90s)
mardan heidari aboalfazl delavari farah torkamanPartisan is one of the most important indicators of political development and a factor for political stability and participation. History of partisanship in Iranian society dates back to constitutional era. Establishments, divisions and successive dissolutions of partie MorePartisan is one of the most important indicators of political development and a factor for political stability and participation. History of partisanship in Iranian society dates back to constitutional era. Establishments, divisions and successive dissolutions of parties from the constitutional era to the date refer to existence of various issues in front of this social phenomenon. Majority of researches in field of political parties are focused on structural factors and macro social as state features, power relations and political culture and party activists action have been less analyzed. Examining the patterns of party activists action in the 60s to 90s solar can help us better understanding of damages in front of this social phenomenon. In this study, with an approach affected by Max Weber's theory of action, relevant texts of the most effective parties in the decades were evaluated. Research results from the study show that party activists action pattern is more emotional and traditional than rational (as required the parties activities and consolidation), therefore the partisan phenomenon is challenged by basic questions. The reason for existence of such challenges in front of party activists is an issue that needs independent investigations by itself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Sociological study of the social status of women based on socio-political components (Case Study: Women in Sanandaj)
یعقوب احمدی زربانو فیضی behzad hakiminyaToday due to the role and position of women in the development of countries, their position has increased, the social status of women is one of the issues through which women can be identified as a higher or lower position in society. The purpose of this research is to MoreToday due to the role and position of women in the development of countries, their position has increased, the social status of women is one of the issues through which women can be identified as a higher or lower position in society. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of socio-political components on women's social status. The method of this descriptive study is correlation based on survey technique. Data was collected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method from 382 women aged 35-35 years old in Sanandaj using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings of the study show that all independent variables are related to the social status. The overall conclusion of the study is that the social status of women in Sanandaj has changed, and these results confirmed the views of Inccell and Smith on the impact of education, Inglehart and Welzell on the impact of democracy and McClelland's theory on the impact of advancement on women's social status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Sociological study of the instability of democratic developments in contemporary Iran
mahmoud soltani ezat Ebrahim MotaghiThis study aimed to identify the causes of instability of democratic developments in contemporary Iran. The four waves of transition to democracy in Iran are: the Constitutional Revolution, the Oil Nationalization Movement, the Islamic Revolution 57, and the Reform Move MoreThis study aimed to identify the causes of instability of democratic developments in contemporary Iran. The four waves of transition to democracy in Iran are: the Constitutional Revolution, the Oil Nationalization Movement, the Islamic Revolution 57, and the Reform Movement. But at every turn we are witnessing a fragile democracy. To explain this issue, experts have proposed their views. Samuel Huntington's integrated theory has been proposed as a guiding theory in qualitative analysis by emphasizing the role of leadership ability as a Agency And the influence of the nature of government, civil society and international conditions as structural conditions in contemporary Iran has been proposed as a guiding theory in qualitative analysis. The historical-comparative method with Boolean algebra has been used. The result of the qualitative analysis of this research shows the power of explaining the structural aspect of Huntington's theory. Although the ability to lead and influence the great powers such as the United States, Britain and Russia have been influential in contemporary history, But they have not been a sufficient condition for the consolidation of democracy. In the final analysis, the weakness of civil society and the fragility of the nature of the state (patrimonial, rentier and ideological) are considered as a necessary and sufficient condition for the event of fragile democracy in contemporary Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Investigating possibility of tank mixture of broadleaf herbicides with micronutrients in weed control of wheat farms (Triticum aestivum)
A. Bonyan M. A. Baghestani M. MinbashiIn order to study of investigating possibility of tank mixture of boardleaf herbicides with micronutrients in wheat, an experiment was conducted at the research fields of Plant Protection Research Insitute, Karaj, Iran, during 2009-2010. The experimental design was comp MoreIn order to study of investigating possibility of tank mixture of boardleaf herbicides with micronutrients in wheat, an experiment was conducted at the research fields of Plant Protection Research Insitute, Karaj, Iran, during 2009-2010. The experimental design was complete randomized block in factorial arrangement with four replications. Treatments included herbicide at three levels (Bromoxynil+MCPA at 1.5 lit/ha, 2, 4-D+MCPA at 1.5 lit/ha and Tribenuron-methyl at 20 gr/ha) and micronutrient at seven levels (Liberl BMX at 1.5 kg/ha, Biomin 235 at 2 kg/ha, Biomin 466-sp, Liberl Fe, Liberl Mn, Liberl Zn at 1 kg/ha of each other and control without use of micronutrient). Results indicated that, there is the possibility of tank mixture of broadleaf herbicides with micronutrients without the negative effect. In addition, the grain yield was effected by micronutrient treatments. Also, Tribenuron-methyl puls Liberl Zn was a good option in controlling weeds and highest yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Effect of Tamoxifen on Oogenesis of the Female Wistar Rats
زهرا کشتمند شهربانو عریان کاظم پریورTamoxifen is a nonsteroidalantiestrogen which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been observed.The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the oogenesis in female MoreTamoxifen is a nonsteroidalantiestrogen which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been observed.The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Three group of rats (250 gr range ) gavaged with Tamoxifen doses of 200, 400 and 600 andmicro;g/kg B.W(exp.1, exp.2, exp.3 ) dissolved in solvent [ethanol 60 % and physiological solution] for 30 days. The sham group was gavaged with solvent and control did not receive solvent or drug. On days 1and 30 after the end of treatment, sections of ovary stained with Handamp;E method and were observed histologically. Results of the observation were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and using SPSS software determined andplusmn;SEthe means Result were termed significant if Pandle;0.05. In the first sampling number of primordial follicle, secondary follicle ,graafian follicle and corpus luteum were decreased significantly in experimental groups which received Tamoxifen compared with control group [pandlt;0.001]. In the second sampling, number of primordial follicle secondary follicle, graafian follicle and corpus luteum increased compared with first sampling. The numbers of offsprings in experimental groups were less than control litters.These findings suggest thatTamoxifen decreases the fertilization ability and has negative effects on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Some of negative effects of Tamoxifen on reproduction ability, is abolished with time elapsed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Investigating the Protective Effect of Thymoquinone on the Process of Spermatogenesis and Functional Indices of Sperm in White Rats Receiving Tricyclazole
Ramona Kasra kermanshahi Esmail Fattahi Seyed Gholam Ali Jorsaraei Sohrab Kazemi Maryam Gholami tabar tabariCompounds with antioxidant properties such as thymoquinone (TQ) significantly prevent changes resulting from the effect of toxic chemicals such as tricyclazole on visceral organs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to use thymoquinone to prevent the destructiv MoreCompounds with antioxidant properties such as thymoquinone (TQ) significantly prevent changes resulting from the effect of toxic chemicals such as tricyclazole on visceral organs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to use thymoquinone to prevent the destructive effects of tricyclazole on the process of spermatogenesis in male rats. In this experimental study, 42 male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including: control group (no drug), sham group (10% solution of Tween 80), tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group, tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, and tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group. At the end of the treatment period, by preparing tissue sections from the testis, the cells of the spermatogenesis pathway were evaluated per unit area. According to the findings, the average number and motility of sperm and the number of spermatogonial cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant increase compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05); However, the number of Leydig cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant decrease compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that thymoquinone, as a strong antioxidant, can partially compensate for the toxicity caused by tricyclazole on the spermatogenesis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Anti-proliferative effect of Thymoquinone on Raji cell line in Burkitt's lymphoma
Morteza Davoodi Shahriyar Saeediyan Reza Saghiri Zahra Zamani Gholamreza Bakhshi KhanikiMedicinal plants are of interest due to their cheapness, accessibility and better acceptance by patients. One of these plants is black seed (Nigella sativa). In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of thymoquinone, which is the main component of black seed oil, is MoreMedicinal plants are of interest due to their cheapness, accessibility and better acceptance by patients. One of these plants is black seed (Nigella sativa). In this study, the anti-proliferative effect of thymoquinone, which is the main component of black seed oil, is investigated on Raji cells. Raji cells are cancerous B lymphocytes that are seen in the germinal centers of Burkitt's lymphoma. In present study, Raji cells were treated with different dilutions of thymoquinone from 0 to 1000 μg/ml and the percentage of living cells was determined by trypan blue method and MTT test. Also, flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI kit were used to show the percentage of cells in different stages of growth. The expression of c-Myc gene, which is the most important altered gene in the development of Burkitt's lymphoma, was investigated by Real Time-PCR method. Statistical analysis was also done using SPSS 2020 software. This study showed that thymoquinone can inhibit the growth of Raji cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Thymoquinone, while suppressing the expression of c-Myc gene with a significant percentage, causes Raji cells to enter the stage of programmed death or apoptosis, and has the potential to be used as an adjunctive treatment for Burkitt's lymphoma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Effect of different levels of dietary vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone supplementation on cellular immune challenges, intestinal microbial population, intestinal morphology and MUC2 gene expression in laying Japanese quails
Yaser Rahimian Farshid Kheiri Mostafa FaghaniIn order to investigate the effect of consuming diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone on cellular immune system challenges, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial population and MUC2 gene expression in laying Japanese quail MoreIn order to investigate the effect of consuming diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone on cellular immune system challenges, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial population and MUC2 gene expression in laying Japanese quails, 210 female Japanese quails aged 85-35 days with 7 experimental treatments including the control group and those consuming vitamin E, thymoquinone and sesamin at levels of 100 and 200 ml.gram/kg of standard feed was used with 5 repetitions and 6 pieces of laying quail in each repetition. At the end of the period (85 days), after killing two quails from each repetition, the relative weight of thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius and the liver enzymes activity indices such as albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were investigated. Dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization challenge test and response to the injection of mitogen phytohemagglutinin into the left wing web were studied. Sampling was done to evaluate the morphology of the intestinal tissue and the microbial flora population of the small intestine. To investigate the expression of MUC2 gene, samples from jejunum were collected and RT-PCR method was performed. The results showed that the consumption of supplemented diets caused a significant increase in the bursa.f relative weight (p ≤ 0.05) and a non-significant improvement of the liver enzyemes activity (p ≥ 0.05). The significant increase of beneficial microbial flora (Lactobacillus) and decrease of the colony population of (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) bacteria in the intestine along with the increase in the surface of the villi and the density of the number of goblet cells indicated the beneficial effects of the active compounds used in improving the health status of quails (p ≤ 0.05). Consuming supplemented diets with levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone caused an increase in MUC2 mRNA expression in the intestine. The results showed the benefits of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone consumption on cell mediated mediated immunity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial flora and MUC2 mRNA expression in laying Japanese quails. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Algae Chromochloris zofingiensis on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Japanese Quail
Mohsen Mohamadisaei Houshang Lotfollahian Farzaneh Mehrabi Behrouz Yarahmadi Alireza Cheqeni Amin KazemizadehThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of Algae on performance and meat quality in Japanese quail. For this purpose, the numbers of 306 pieces of 3-days age of Japanese quail were used in a completely randomized design by; 6 experimental t MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of Algae on performance and meat quality in Japanese quail. For this purpose, the numbers of 306 pieces of 3-days age of Japanese quail were used in a completely randomized design by; 6 experimental treatments, 3 replicates and 17 chickens per replication. The experimental treatments comprised different levels of Algae as; T1: no Algae (control group), T2; 0.05 %, T3: 0.1 %, T4: 0.15%, T5: 0.20 %and T5: 0.25% of this Algae was added to the basic diet. In addition to measuring yield performance at 35 days of age, 4 pieces of quail in both sexes (males and females) were randomly selected and slaughtered from each replicate for evaluation of meat quality. Our results showed that the effect of different levels of Algae in quail’s diets doesn’t have any significant effect on average body weight gaining, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and live weights (p > 0.05). Feeding different levels of Algae had significant effect on carcass weight (p < 0.05). Also, feeding other levels of Algae had significant effect on carcass yield rate (p < 0.05). Although, there was no significant difference between all treatments for meat malondialdehyde index (p > 0.05) But, it had significant effect on meat pH, water holding capacity and blood loss percentage between treatments (p < 0.05). In general, the results revealed that using Algae at level of % 0.1 of the diet could be effective for improving performance and meat quality in Japanese quail. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - A Comparative Analysis of Democratization in Iran and Turkey: A Case Study of the Constitutional Movement In1906 and 1908
marzieh abouzari ali saeiiThis study compares democratization in Iran and Turkey. We show that Iranian and Ottoman society experienced the wave of democratization in 1906 and 1908 respectively. Our argument is that democratization is the result of the combination of three causal conditions, educ MoreThis study compares democratization in Iran and Turkey. We show that Iranian and Ottoman society experienced the wave of democratization in 1906 and 1908 respectively. Our argument is that democratization is the result of the combination of three causal conditions, educational development and the agency of political actors and the agency of social actors. Theoretically, educational development only can potentially facilitate the process of democratization, but this is dependent on how political elites respond to it. The strategic choices made by the élites determine the main process of democratization. This study uses comparative historical analysis. Methodologically, the comparative historical analysis focuses on both historically interpretive and causally analytic.The findings indicate that the educational development as a structural resource in combination with the strategic choeces of political and social actors such as negotiation or coalition or the creation of a social movement has led to democratization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The ratio of economic corruption to political development in Iran Years 1989-2013
Ali mohamadi ali asghar zargarOne of the major threats to the economic security of countries is the phenomenon of corruption and economic crime. This is particularly true of countries with a rentier economy with more obvious aspects and manifestations, and Iran's criminal law demonstrates that there MoreOne of the major threats to the economic security of countries is the phenomenon of corruption and economic crime. This is particularly true of countries with a rentier economy with more obvious aspects and manifestations, and Iran's criminal law demonstrates that there is no criminal offense under this heading of economic corruption in Iran's criminal code, or under another heading, has been criminalized, or The Criminal Code of Iran has paid a fair share of this crime to the fullest. Of course, the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 states that disruption of the economic system of the country is widely regarded as one of the examples of corruption in the law. In this case, the law is inadequate. Studies show that the phenomenon of corruption and economic crime firstly affects the economic security of societies and, on the other hand, affect the political development of the Especially Iran countries. In this article, we are looking at the causes of economic corruption and its impact on Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - About the jurisdiction of the Government repression of the freedom of the people in line with the criminalization With an emphasis on Islamic Republic of Iran
tahereh mahmood soltani mohamadreza abbasifardIn the modern world, stripping liberty of individuals through a crime providing the institutions by the Government and will be fitted for , therefore the type and level of crimes stipulated in the laws of the State of and its criminal policy, specifically , undoubtedly MoreIn the modern world, stripping liberty of individuals through a crime providing the institutions by the Government and will be fitted for , therefore the type and level of crimes stipulated in the laws of the State of and its criminal policy, specifically , undoubtedly affected its political ideology, and it is something in the political does believe; if librali freedom of people or other political concepts to the principle of criminal policy to know, necessity and ghirakifri interventions-in case srkobgraneh-deal crime tend to be based on the political dimension, or if your Government maintains institutions based on relevant government authority or other security considerations are also the necessity of legislation on aspects of the crime of providing hard, restrictive laws and approval of the invasive and often of freedom of citizens believing they find ; however, has always been between the Government, religious and democratic principles of legitimacy and ghirdini in the range of powers of the State in the Affairs of the Special legislation and the various differences there is lots of crime negligent treatment; hence the Islamic Republic of Iran Democratic religious Government; as (a religious democracy) includes the first batch Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - An Investigation into the Relationship between Religion and Democracy in Religious Modernism; Case Study of Mehdi Bazargan
Mohammad Taghi Ghezelsofla pooneh ghasempour Mehrdad Khoram NasrThe relation between religion and politics, the essence and also the manner of stablishing an idealistic government has always been one of the main issues in contemporary thought in Iran. Some assume the religion completely separated from politics, but some else assume MoreThe relation between religion and politics, the essence and also the manner of stablishing an idealistic government has always been one of the main issues in contemporary thought in Iran. Some assume the religion completely separated from politics, but some else assume the politics exactly as same as religion. But democracy and the possibility or impossibility of it’s stablishment as an idealistic example of government in Iranian society has been one of the remarkable issues for intellectuals. Mehdi Bazargan had exposed a special attend to this issue as one of the Iranian Religious Modernists. He could be considered as one of the people who have persisted in possibility of stablishing democracy in a modern and religion centered society. The main question of the article is that “What is the Bazargan’s approach to democracy with considering the Cognitive-Political basics extracted from Religious Modernism?” In response to the question and by using Content Analysis, we will study the two different Bazargan’s point of view to democracy in the primary and subsequent periods of Islamic revolution. The research shows that the first Bazargan is concentrated on the religion based democracy and his recent thought defends the wisdom based democracy, Thus, we see a kind of revision in his democratic thought. This article is written in the Religious Modernism frame work and Analytical and Descriptive methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Modern Democracy under the Struggle between Oligarchy and Populism
Mohsen Abbaszadeh Marzbali Mohammad-Hasan Habibzadeh ShiraziModern Democracy has been facing various crises historically. The current crisis is rooted in a dual origin. On the one hand, orientation to shape a hidden quasi-oligarchic state and, on the other hand, the eternal specter of populism. Where this dilemma originates from MoreModern Democracy has been facing various crises historically. The current crisis is rooted in a dual origin. On the one hand, orientation to shape a hidden quasi-oligarchic state and, on the other hand, the eternal specter of populism. Where this dilemma originates from and what effects do both have on democratic order? to respond to this central question, the paper hypothesizes that the origin of the dilemma traces back to reductionist conceptions on two dimensions of modern democracy; that is, on the one side, an elitism inherent to liberal-capitalist (more especially, neo-liberal) structures that makes democratic policy-making dependent on the requirements of the capitalist system. On the other side, an implicit populist potentiality of democratic structure weakens the rule of law due to resorting to ‘ordinary people’. To justify the hypothesis, the paper takes advantage of comparative analysis, as a theoretical framework, of approaches to defining democratic legitimacy; i.e. philosophical (normative) and sociological (descriptive). The research is conducted in an analytical–descriptive method and library-based data gathering. In conclusion, overcoming the crisis of modern democracy entails strengthening the participatory quality of democracy to make an equilibrium between the majority and the minority. Participatory democracy seems the structure in which normative and descriptive conceptions of legitimacy can overlap. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The Democratic Facets of the Ideal Political System in the Political Theory of Immanuel Kant and Jürgen Habermas
hosseinali nozari ali imaniAbstract: The concept of ideal political system and the identifying a political system with proper functions is a issue which has a long history in the philosophy of politics, its long history and its origin in political theory, at least in Plato's statements, in parti MoreAbstract: The concept of ideal political system and the identifying a political system with proper functions is a issue which has a long history in the philosophy of politics, its long history and its origin in political theory, at least in Plato's statements, in particular the treatise of the Republic and the treatise of Aristotle's Politics And his famous classification of political systems is evident. Two thinkers who have focused on the theory have been Immanuel Kant and Jürgen Habermas. Kant's ideal government is based on the law and the will of people . Its laws are based on the concept of the right and considering on the prior principles of reason such as freedom, equality and independence . In addition, it is governed by a representative system and separation of powers and calls it the republic . In the present day, the German philosopher and theorist Jürgen Habermas, despite the loyalty to the concept of liberal democracy, tried to find a solution to the failure of this type of democracy to achieve its goals by rebuilding it in its unique way. So he introduces a kind of democracy called deliberative democracy, In this type of democracy, communicative action and rational reasoning and the rule of communicative rationality are decisive elements. The present research seeks to explain the views of these two thinkers on ideal political system of the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The concept of democracy and freedom in Islamic State from the prespective of Abdulkarim Soroush and Mesbah Yazdi
Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Abbas Salehi Najafabadi qhasem TorabiThe attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as MoreThe attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as thinkers have always argued over issues such as the authenticity of the people vote,confusion between right and obligation,legitimacy and acceptance.so Mesbah Yazdi ,with a religious perspective,and Soroush with a hermeneutic view were arranged their votes.Mesbah Yazdi regards as gruesome achievement of the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Critique of the two perspectives of Western democracy and religious democracy from the perspective of Iranian intellectuals
davuod khoshbavarDemocracy and democracy are among the topics that are discussed in many scientific and even political circles, now the question arises whether there is a difference between Western democracy and religious democracy? Different views of Islamic thinkers in the affirmation MoreDemocracy and democracy are among the topics that are discussed in many scientific and even political circles, now the question arises whether there is a difference between Western democracy and religious democracy? Different views of Islamic thinkers in the affirmation of religious and Islamic democracy, including the Imams of the Revolution, Shahid Motahari and several other religious leaders, are considered, who believe in religious democracy because in a society full of religious people value Religious beliefs play an essential role in the public sphere of society. In common democracies, the common denominator is the participation of the people through the method of representation and referendum, and on the other hand, those who believe in secular or Western democracy, Religious democracy is considered as a combination of two words, democracy and religion, and it is not considered as an original, independent concept and definition, and it is considered to have various ambiguities, or religion is considered to limit the principle of democracy, because in their opinion, religion with Democracy cannot be summed up and it is an imposed, artificial and unattainable word like Mohammad Reza Darvish who believes in liberal democracy. While many Islamic theorists do not consider the term religious democracy as a compound word, but a single truth in the essence of the Islamic system. That is, if a religion is to be formed on the basis of religion, it is not possible without the acceptance of the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Extra-legal role of parties in the Iranian political system with a comparative study
ahmad sajedi rohollah rahimi hosein alaee khadijeh karimi esfehaniMan is a social being according to his natural tendency, and this necessity causes the formation of social relations and the formation of societies. Political society governs affairs with political power. One of the important issues in political systems is the existence MoreMan is a social being according to his natural tendency, and this necessity causes the formation of social relations and the formation of societies. Political society governs affairs with political power. One of the important issues in political systems is the existence of parties. Political parties and groups can maintain the security of society through efforts to increase the level of po. In Iran, parties have been recognized in Article 26 of the Constitution, but for various sociological, political, economic, cultural and social reasons, they have not had a proper qualitative and functional development. During political development, one of the important tasks of the political system is how to use its capabilities and make proper use of the system's capabilities. Since parties are one of the main models of participation in the distribution of political power and in general one of the main criteria of political development, so the high ability of the mechanisms of the political system to develop political parties should be considered as important factors of party stability. It seems to be one of the most important factors in the extra-legal role affecting the efficiency of parties in the Iranian political system, in addition to political stability and assimilation of public culture along with moderating government control, political power of parties and institutionalizing the participation of civil society in non-decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Coordinates of freedom in the opinions of Mohammad Taghi Misbah Yazdi and Daud Firhi
saeed alizadah hasan shamsini ghiasvand Mohamad PorghorbanThe concept of freedom in Iran's intellectual field goes back to contemporary history. However, the jurisprudential-intellectual approach about it among Iranian thinkers is a newer phenomenon. Among recent Iranian thinkers and jurists, the mystery of freedom has always MoreThe concept of freedom in Iran's intellectual field goes back to contemporary history. However, the jurisprudential-intellectual approach about it among Iranian thinkers is a newer phenomenon. Among recent Iranian thinkers and jurists, the mystery of freedom has always been the most challenging issue. The central question and purpose of this research is the jurisprudential-philosophical conflicts of Mohammad Taghi Misbah Yazdi and Dawood Firhi about freedom. Based on the analytical-descriptive analysis method, it can be said that both thinkers encountered freedom based on theological and jurisprudential intellectual foundations. . For this reason, such freedom thinkers consider the existence of freedom and will in human existence, which is necessary for the spiritual excellence of man. Misbah Yazdi's methodology is classical jurisprudence, but Firhi looks at Islamic texts and experience based on hermeneutic and postmodernist methods. Misbah Yazdi does not accept the assumptions of modern liberalism such as freedom as the goal of worldly life, rationalism and individualism as the bases of political-social freedoms, while Firhi emphasizes on external freedom and the implementation of the bases of political-social freedoms such as individualism. It emphasizes humanism, human rights and women's rights.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Majoritarian and Non-majoritarian Democracies Based of the Theory of Power-sharing
Ramin Mafakheri -
Open Access Article
159 - Validation of the MOQ-based curriculum management model and its impact on the development of students' professional competencies (case study: Islamic Azad University of Golestan province)
Elham Shariati Ladan Salemi Vahid FallahThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mock-based curriculum model and validating it in the development of students' professional competencies. The method of the current research is qualitative and quantitative in terms of the purpose of applied r MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the mock-based curriculum model and validating it in the development of students' professional competencies. The method of the current research is qualitative and quantitative in terms of the purpose of applied research and in terms of cross-sectional time, which was carried out using a mixed exploratory method. The statistical population of this research includes the students of Golestan Azad University in 1400. Two tools, questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to collect data. In the mixed method design, the researcher first conceptualizes using qualitative research and then collects and analyzes qualitative data. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha index was used to determine reliability. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research. In this data analysis plan, axial coding was done in two stages of open coding. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and inferential statistics were used to investigate the research questions with the help of SPSS23 and PLS software. Also, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis has been used to investigate the research questions. The findings of the research showed that the goals, teaching-learning methods and evaluation of the Mock-based curriculum have a significant and significant effect on professional competencies. While the content of the Mock-based curriculum has no significant effect on the students' professional competencies. Mok-based curriculum evaluation has more predictive power for students' professional competencies.Mok-based curriculum evaluation has more predictive power for students' professional competencies. Manuscript profile
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