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Open Access Article
1 - Islamic governance from the perspective of Ayatollah Naini
mohammad jalilfar محمدکاظم کاوه پیشقدمIn this research, the issue of political governance of the society from the point of view of an eastern thinker has been investigated by the method of discourse analysis, in which the characteristics of a good government and a good ruler as well as the characteristics o MoreIn this research, the issue of political governance of the society from the point of view of an eastern thinker has been investigated by the method of discourse analysis, in which the characteristics of a good government and a good ruler as well as the characteristics of a wrong government and a cruel ruler have been explored by Ayatollah Naini from the Eastern world. Is. The aim of the research was to extract the important aspects of Islamic governance in Naini's works, so that the right way of ruling includes principles such as freedom, equality, non-violence, maintaining public rights, dealing with tyranny and peaceful change of rulers and power, in his famous treatise, Punishment of the Ummah. And Tanzih al-Mullah has been emphasized and from the point of view of religion and custom, they have dealt with the correct way of interaction between rulers and people, especially supervision and control over rulers and the mutual rights of subjects and rulers. In addition to helping to institutionalize constitutionalism in Iran, he was able to explain the Shia thought in governance and complete the first movement of Shia scholars in the absence of Imam Masoom to adapt the constitutional government to the holy law of Islam or the compatibility of customary laws with religious texts. This research concludes the existence of all the necessary elements for Islamic governance and the sufficiency of the necessary components for the correct interaction of the rulers with the subjects in the works of Ayatollah Naini. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Designing a Corporate Foresight Measure and Its Impact on Organizational Performance (Studied Case: Banking Industry)
Mahdi Joneidi Jafari Rohullah Bayat farhad se talani safar fazliThis article aims to design a model for corporate foresight capability and its impacts on organizational performance in the banking industry of Iran. In this research, first, the review of literature on corporate foresight from the process and content perspectives is pr MoreThis article aims to design a model for corporate foresight capability and its impacts on organizational performance in the banking industry of Iran. In this research, first, the review of literature on corporate foresight from the process and content perspectives is presented, and then we have examined and analyzed the components and dimensions of corporate foresight. Corporate foresight is an ability that includes any structural or cultural element that enables the company to detect discontinuous change early, interpret the consequences for the company, and formulate effective responses to ensure the long-term survival and success of the company. The research is of practical purpose and research method is a mixed method and is cross-sectional in time. The data collection tool has been collected and analyzed in the qualitative part including library and Delphi methods from academic and industry experts (15 experts) and in the quantitative part using questionnaire, the data research were collected and analyzed from the banking industry of Iran including 30 banks (Commercial Government banks, Specialized Government banks, Gharzolhasaneh and Non-Government Banks). . The validity of the model is verified by structural equation modeling. The results show that we can examine and promote the corporate foresight using the components of proposed measurement model. The ratings Corporate Foresight components in Iranian banking industry are also investigated. The results showed that corporate foresight affect organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Survey the capability of implementation standard of human resource developer in administrative organizations (Qazvin administrative organizations: case study)
M. Mousakhani D. haghkhah R. hassanzadehThis article contain case study of The People Developer Standard or PD.In this article after surveyingstandards of the people development (the patterns of IIP,PCMM), introduce and explain the principles andstandard index of PD and capability of implementation the people MoreThis article contain case study of The People Developer Standard or PD.In this article after surveyingstandards of the people development (the patterns of IIP,PCMM), introduce and explain the principles andstandard index of PD and capability of implementation the people developer standard in administrativerganization and condition of intended organization about the result of PD measurment and the level of thisorganization is evaluated and level of distance between intended organization with standard is identified andin the final offer some way for it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Determining Degree of Maturity and Effectiveness of Human Capital Management in Mobarakeh Steel Company
I. SoltaniToday human capital management is an important factor in competitive advantage, because people cantransfer knowledge to product and service needed by customer.Organizations should step toward optimizing efficiency of human capital. It is possible to predicthuman resourc MoreToday human capital management is an important factor in competitive advantage, because people cantransfer knowledge to product and service needed by customer.Organizations should step toward optimizing efficiency of human capital. It is possible to predicthuman resource performance by determining maturity level and effectiveness of system related tohuman capital, and also step toward improvement. Hence and considering importance of humancapital. This study was conducted in order to determine maturity level and effectiveness of humancapital, management in Mobarakeh Steel Company. So, using formula of estimation of samplevolume, 240 employees were selected randomly that 237 questionnaires were returned. The researchtool for data gathering was human capital five driver questionire designed by bassi and Mc Murrer.Examining reliability and internal consistency of test showed that reliability was α=0/92 and by splithalf was 0/87, after data gathering, information was analyzed by spss-13, descriptive statistics,fridmen two – sentence test and analysis of variance. The results showed that maturity level andeffectiveness of human capital management in Mobarakeh Steel Company was 64.5% examining fivedrive of human capital showed the following means respectively: Mean 3/41 for learning capacity,mean 3/28 for availability of knowledge, mean 3/24 for people participation mean 3/21 for optimizingwork force, mean 3/08 for leadership practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Non-Muslim Physicians in the Islamic Middle Age Courts
Behrooz Shorche Masoumali PanjehThis paper seeks to investigate and explore the fields, causes, and consequences of the presence of non-Muslim physicians (dhimmi) in the Islamic courts in the middle Age. According to the statistical survey of biography books of the physicians, nearly half of the well- MoreThis paper seeks to investigate and explore the fields, causes, and consequences of the presence of non-Muslim physicians (dhimmi) in the Islamic courts in the middle Age. According to the statistical survey of biography books of the physicians, nearly half of the well-known and renowned physicians who worked in Muslim courts were Christian as well as Jewish and, in some cases, Saebi and Samaritans. The caliphs' and courtiers' needed to the therapists and the shortage of Muslim expert physicians in compare with non-Muslim physicians and also the tolerance of the caliphs had made a safe atmosphere for non-Muslim physicians. The presence of those physicians in the courts led to the progress of medical knowledge and practice in addition to treatment. Being aware of the secrets of power and politics changed the physician’s characters and dignity and caused their involvement in the political conflicts and their consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Religious Elements in Everyday Language and Semiotics of Iranian Ordinary People in Safavid- Qajar Period
ابراهیم موسیپورTraditional system of education in Safavid- Qajar Iran based onteaching of the Qur'an and other Scriptures had led to create a largenumber of expressive units in everyday language of people, whetherthey were literate or illiterate, and in written literature. In addition MoreTraditional system of education in Safavid- Qajar Iran based onteaching of the Qur'an and other Scriptures had led to create a largenumber of expressive units in everyday language of people, whetherthey were literate or illiterate, and in written literature. In addition,those educations had basic influence and reflections in the society in away that the Qur'anic phrases and religious formulas had formed agreat part of the practiced language of the people. Furthermore, aconsiderable part of non- lingual expression styles of Iranians hadbeen influenced or essentially created by the permanent presence ofreligious teachings in the context of everyday life through whichsimultaneously the general semiotic units of social relations of peoplehas been defined in a religious cultural framework. In their dailyinterrelations- greetings, blessings, curses, execrations, oaths, etc. -people have been accustomed to use a vast variety of sacred namesand religious phrases, expressions and formulas and moreover forcreation of expressive mechanisms they came to understand andinterpret many actions and non-lingual signs by means of a religioninstitutionor religion- developed cognitive context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - One Civilization and Two Interpretations: Rereading Two Works by Abdulḥusayn Zarrinkub: Du Qarn Sukut and Karnami-yi Islam
سیاوش ShohaniIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub&rsq MoreIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub’s works on the history of Iran at first centuries of Islamicperiod were of great importance and authority in academies in Iran.Du Qarn Sukut, written in thirties (Persian calendar), his most famouswork, presents a different account in comparison with Karnami-yiIslam, written in fifties. In his first account, Zarrinkub attacks theachievements of Islamic civilization in two first centuries, andconsiders Arab conquest as the reason of Persian’s misfortune; whilein his second account, admires this civilization, and considers thisencounter as a reason for flourishing and fruitfulness of bothcivilizations. This article tries to compare these two accounts ofIslamic civilization, and examine the aforementioned contradictionhermeneutically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Developing Strategies for the Development of Elder’s Sports in Iran in the Horizon of 20 Years
Sabihe hamdami khotbesara Ali Asghar Doroudian Zara sadat moshir estekhareh Ahad Rezayan GhayehbashiBackground: Population growth, especially in developing countries and increasing life expectancy and life expectancy, has caused the phenomenon of aging societies and one of the issues that affect the lives of the elderly is exercise, which playsan important rolein the MoreBackground: Population growth, especially in developing countries and increasing life expectancy and life expectancy, has caused the phenomenon of aging societies and one of the issues that affect the lives of the elderly is exercise, which playsan important rolein the physicaland mentalhealth of the elderly has it. Objective:The purposeof this study is to identify factors affecting the elder’s sports in Iran and classificationthem in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and environmental threats, as well as providing practical strategiesfor thedevelopmentof elder’s sportsin Iran. Methods:The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect information of mixed type(qualitative and quantitative).The statistical population of this study includes experts related to elder’s sports in Iran.Among these people, 20 people were selected as a research sample in the qualitative section.The sampling method is non-random. Data collection toolsarequestionnaires and interviews with experts.For statistical analysis, Delphi technique andSWOTanalysis matrix were used. Findings:The findings show that with the formation of theSWOTmatrix,40practical strategies for the development of elder’s sports in Iran were presented.Finally, amongthe strategiespresented,10strategies were selected as thebest strategies by experts. Conclusion: According to the results thelocation of the elder’s sports in Iran in the internal andexternal square matrix located in defensivebox. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Review and clarify ethical leadership and its dimensions Case Study: employees of University of Tehran
Mohammad Reza Karami – Seyed Mohammad Mirkamali Javad PoorKarimiContext: recently with respect to moral scandals of leaders, discrimination, patronage and issues distortion has been placed in the headlines around the world everywhere; from commercial and government organizations to the church. We tried to investigate and clarify the MoreContext: recently with respect to moral scandals of leaders, discrimination, patronage and issues distortion has been placed in the headlines around the world everywhere; from commercial and government organizations to the church. We tried to investigate and clarify the ethical leadership and its aspects to recognize that kind of leadership. Aim:investigate and clarify the ethical leadership and its dimensions. Methods: The method of the research is descriptive and the type is Survey. The population consisted of all employees in University of Tehran, 1394-95. According to the latest statistics, there are 1419 (consisting of 801 women and 618 men) employees working in University of Tehran. That sample was selected by Stratified sampling and the size of sample was identified based on cochrane formula are 302. Data were collected through ethical leadership questionnaire (Researcher made).Todetermine thevalidity of the questionnaire, content validityandconstructwas used and Their reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on Pilot study "0/92". Results: The results showed that all the components of ethical leadership were above average in all aspects, except for peopel orentation, concern for sustainability, neuroticism, role clarification components that was lower to the average hypothesis of this research. Independent t test results showed that male and female employees' perceptions equal have of moral leadership. also The results of one-way variance test (f) showed the ethical leadership in terms of demographic variables (age, experience-serve, place of employment, education and field of study) there is no difference.theresults of Friedman test showed ethical guidance and role clarification has highest and lowest priority respectly. Conclusion: According to positive results of ethical leadership for organizations and communities, Administrators need to strengthen this type of leadershipin them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis and Evaluation of the Cultural Methods` Performance of the Basic Architectural Principles in Iran Society
Mojgan Salehahangar Said Tizghaalam Zonuzi , Mehrdad Javidi NejadToday, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, accord MoreToday, perhaps more than ever, we are in disarray in the field of architecture and the city. On the other hand, we cope with buildings that have nothing to do with the history and culture of our country and without cultural, social, and philosophical backgrounds, according to the tastes and welcome of employers and designers, based on foreign examples, in the corners of our cities and views. However, in the field of residential architecture, we see the construction of buildings that are under the rule of the economic view of the city and architecture and to become more profitable, cultural, social, and natural features of its construction completely ignored and regardless of various cultural characteristics The different ethnic groups of Iran, in all the vast and diverse areas of the land of Iran, are made the same and uniform. Undoubtedly, the effect of cultural patterns on human artifacts in lands that are the origin of ancient civilizations and cultures, which have a longer life history, due to during the time and the impact of various historical, social, economic, and natural factors. The plateau of Iran with more than a few thousand years of history in civilization and life in its cultural and natural areas is one of these lands. Because of its inherent nature, the field of architecture has a two-way interaction between architects and people. Explaining cultural methods and examining their weaknesses and strengths is the first step in teaching the basic principles of architecture to the general public, an important hub of control and supervision of proper construction. The purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate the current performance of cultural methods of basic principles of architecture in Iranian society. This article is applied in a methodological approach, the mixture of quantitative-qualitative. First, they are explained by library studies of architectural principles and methods of cultural indexation, and then the current performance of these methods is expressed with quantitative evidence, in the language of statistics. The statistical population of this study has been chosen from Tehran according to cultural diversity. The results of the research indicate that people are very interested in learning about the importance of architecture, although the current performance of cultural institutions in this field is weak. Public participation is a highly effective method. Visual media and cyberspace are low-cost and high-speed. Paying attention to the public issue and trying to solve it is not possible without public participation. Intellectuals and people of culture must work to raise the level of awareness of the people and the country to develop and excel, and if the level of awareness and culture of the people increases, the people will recognize the issues from each other and will be aware of their rights. It is hoped that the general public will become more aware of the basic principles of architecture and that the public, as one of the most influential nuclei, will require builders and architects to adhere more closely to the principles of architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of Aesthetics and Place Identity
Behnaz Aminzadeh The shortage of theories and research in the field of urban design aesthetics have caused that the creation of beautiful landscape in cities to be regarded as a marginal and selective subject, depending on individual and personal tastes of the c More The shortage of theories and research in the field of urban design aesthetics have caused that the creation of beautiful landscape in cities to be regarded as a marginal and selective subject, depending on individual and personal tastes of the clients and designers. In related literature, the studies about the evaluation of urban aesthetics have been focused on the experts’ opinion about the beauty, and thus people's preferences of urban aesthetics are usually ignored. Galindo’s research (2005) is one of the few studies which establish connections between environmental meanings and urban aesthetics by using the people’s opinion about their environments. He introduces variables such as visual wealth, light, originality, and place memories as the most important variables of beautiful urban landscapes. This study is an attempt to demonstrate the people aesthetic preferences and its relation to the identity of place. In evaluating people’s preferences we are looking for the “beauty in the eye of beholder”, and thus the evaluation is involved in the perception of beauty and the emotion people have for their living places. Four hundred residents of the district of Navab (old and new fabrics) interviewed according to a visual test (Q-sort). The findings show that there is no considerable differences between the criteria regarding beautiful landscape and those involving sense of place; it is also recognized that for both beauty and identity the objective criteria are cited more than subjective criteria by the respondents. In detail, the result of people preferences about beauty can be summarized as below: Objective variables related to the physical appearance of the landscape are more effective than subjective variables such as beliefs and values about the place. The design of the building façade has been the most important criterion in evaluating beauty. Beautiful landscapes are mostly selected from new designed fabric of Navab. There is a public consensus in selecting desirable landscapes. Characteristics of the best three selected landscapes are their clarity of form, function, and structure. They all have a strong social context. The results about preferences for identity shows that: Objective criteria are more notable than subjective ones. Familiarity with place is the important criterion of identity; it obtained the highest rank among other variables. Three higher landscapes which constituted the highest percent of preferences have special characteristics. All are landmarks with distinctive social context and hold clear forms and functions. According to the opinions of residents of both old and new fabrics, the new fabric is more identifiable. Although the reason for this selection is residents’ familiarity with space (place identification instead of place identity) but it demonstrates how much the designed environment (as an expert product), influences the people’s preferences of place. It comes to the conclusion that a professional work holds an inherent value for people. This issue should be regarded by those who participate in designing and making decisions about cities. It seems a participatory place making, supports and enhances the compatibility between built form and the people’s preferences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Role of the Third Place in Recognition of Environmental Perception Theories
Mohammadreza Mohammadi Vosough Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
13 - Scoping review to investigate the smart city in Iran.
Noushin Abagheri Mahabadi Soroush Fathi Zahra ZareIntroduction: These days, people have turned to using new information tools in order to solve the problems of cities and also to improve the living standards of citizens due to the arrival of tremendous human progress in the field of information and the growing trend of MoreIntroduction: These days, people have turned to using new information tools in order to solve the problems of cities and also to improve the living standards of citizens due to the arrival of tremendous human progress in the field of information and the growing trend of urbanization in the world. Objective: This study has been carried out with the aim of studying the process of research activities in the field of smart city indicators by domestic researchers in Iranian cities in order to focus on less worked topics by identifying the existing knowledge gap in this field. Method: The present study is considered as a scoping review about the 6 main indicators of a smart city. 100 articles published in Iran between 2011 and 2022 were studied in order to search, evaluate and complete the databases of domestic articles. Findings: According to the results of this study, the indicators of smart governance and smart mobility were among the active indicators, and the indicators of smart economy and smart people are less in the attention of researchers. Results: In general, it can be concluded that a balanced attention to all smart city indicators is necessary to make cities smart, so it is necessary for researchers to focus on other dimensions that have received less attention, in order to have better planning for the future of this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Study of Factors Affecting Mental Health Status of Young People Aged Over 18 Years Old Living in Ahvaz City, Iran
Abdorreza Navah Mohammad Bagher Koopaei Dariush Rezapour -
Open Access Article
15 - A Correlation and Regression Analysis of Some Social and Cultural Factors Affecting the Compatibility of Ahwaz City's Younger People with Their Parents with an Emphasis on Generation Gap
Mohammad Bagher Koupaie Mansour Vosoughi -
Open Access Article
16 - An Examination of the Relationship Between Working Relationship Quality With Salesperson Performance & Job Satisfaction & the Role of ASB Behavioral Model in Sale
K. Heidarzadeh Sh. GarmabdariThe present researches look into the examination of the relationship between working relationship quality with salesperson performance & job satisfaction and role of ASB behavioral model in sale for the first time in Iran. The whole Programming & MoreThe present researches look into the examination of the relationship between working relationship quality with salesperson performance & job satisfaction and role of ASB behavioral model in sale for the first time in Iran. The whole Programming & activities of a business meet the good result by up port of sales. A perfect salesperson has certain specifications whose role is reflected in his or her performance. A main cause of efficiency or inability in the task of commerce & sales is in relation with the cultural & upbringing difference among countries & based on that the Adaptive Selling Behavior pattern has com up. The Adaptive Selling Behavior pattern is on the basis of customers’ desires. The Adaptive Selling Behavior pattern includes the suitable modifications in the salesperson’ s behaviors according to a customer’ s relation or the correction of the salesperson’ s with regards to customers’ reactions during the information’ s receiving along with the sales situation. The Working Relationship Quality emerges as mediator connecting Adaptive Selling Behavior performance & the role of Adaptive Selling Behavior in the sales performance, the relationship between Adaptive Selling Behavior, Working Relationship Quality & Salesperson Performance, Job Satisfaction of Salesperson has been analyzed by the use of 7 hypothesis & exploratory research project, surveying research approach & accidental sampling, the necessary information of 267 people was collected by the support of a valid & reliable questionnaire. This information has also been analyzed by the use of regression coefficient tests & detailed regression coefficient. The achieved results indicate that: 1- Adaptive Selling Behavior significantly has a positive relationship with Working Relationship Quality. 2- Working Relationship Quality significantly has a positive relationship with the Sales Performance & the salesperson’s Job Satisfaction. 3- With controlling the effect of Working Relationship Quality, Adaptive Selling Behavior significantly has a positive relationship with Sales Performance & Job Satisfaction. 4- With controlling the effect of Working Relationship Quality, there is a positive & significant relationship between Sales Performance & salesperson’s Job Satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Principle Validity "Whoever is Owner of thing is also Owner of Confession of it" in Confession or Announced?
Hasan Khodabakhshi Asghar ArabianJurisprudential principle "whoever is owner of thing is also owner of confession of it" is a collected principle and famous among Shia and Sunni jurisprudents. Although the infallible Imams word specifying to this principle but not great jurisprudents like Shaykh Tusi, MoreJurisprudential principle "whoever is owner of thing is also owner of confession of it" is a collected principle and famous among Shia and Sunni jurisprudents. Although the infallible Imams word specifying to this principle but not great jurisprudents like Shaykh Tusi, Ibn Idris, Ibn Barraj, mohaqeq, Allama, Fakhr Almohaqeqyn and shahid avval have appealed and based on that it has been fatwa. According to this rule, anyone who has power, domination and possession in the one thing, it also has the authority to admit towards it. Therefore, confess Attorney to his client in matters that have allowed to do it,Confession Minor, in matters that are allowed to perform, as will the famous and charity andalso acknowledge the legitimate representatives to dominate as governing, guardian or legal guardian, will be acceptedandthe sentence this law, acknowledging them as genuine confession, will be validor that the content of this rule may give notice or announced or claim is not the the true meaning of confession. Some of the rule of rule "eqrar al oqala" that, in the case of general and specific considered and some By taking this ratio in the cases, them with each other accepted conceptually divergence. But some other, general and specific rules Relationship these two absolute expression and rule "eqrar" within in the rule of " whoever is owner " considered and some scholars like Imam Khomeini, both equally well knows rule. Of this rule, different expressions from the jurisprudents of the most famous, «whoever is owner of thing is also owner of confession of it ». in the Iranian Civil Code, substances confession, based on rule "eqrar al oqala" has been set; but the some material based on this rule exists. Anyway, documenting The most important validity of this rule,consensusandconsensus and Concept of rational people is andwhile with the rule of law " eqrar al oqala ", both case society and also case differentiate the two concepts together in the their heterogeny. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Criticism and Study of Reasons for Ritual Impurity of the People of the Sacred Book
Muhammad mahdi Taghdisi Kazim GhazizadeIn the modern era - is called communication time - symbiosis, interaction and experience exchange among human beings are vital and necessary. Islam deems necessary the multilateral presence of religion in diverse fields of life, one of which is connections of Muslims wi MoreIn the modern era - is called communication time - symbiosis, interaction and experience exchange among human beings are vital and necessary. Islam deems necessary the multilateral presence of religion in diverse fields of life, one of which is connections of Muslims with others. Relationships with nonMuslims have been brought up in the Qur’an from different aspect and with various criterions. In the same way, efficient answering to questions concerning human relationships, interaction and symbiosis with the followers of other religions is expected from Islamic Jurisprudence. Certainly previous jurists have provided some answers in this ground, but nowadays in the light of new requirements, these answers need further study. Therefore, this paper has noticed the verdict of ritual impurity of the people of the sacred book. Although some jurists like Vahid Behbahani has said this verdict has turned to emblem of Shi’a and despite the statement of author of Madarek: “ Shi’a is known with the verdict”, but modern researchers and jurists express serious hesitation about reasons of this judgment which is also one of controversial matters between sunnism and shi’ism. In this article, the four proofs (two verses from Holy Qur’an: 28 of Toba and 125 Anaam; traditions and consensus) of this verdict have been reviewed and their inaccuracy proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Cultural Contracts of Governments in International Law with Emphasis on International Criminal Court Judgments on Cultural Rights
faranak neisi Ali MashhadiStudy of legal dimensions of governments cultural commitments in international rights, because of it’s complications, is the most challenging questions in the ICJ. This research started for the answer of this question: “HOW the international low courts are r MoreStudy of legal dimensions of governments cultural commitments in international rights, because of it’s complications, is the most challenging questions in the ICJ. This research started for the answer of this question: “HOW the international low courts are resulted to address the surroundings of cultural rights- that are the obvious samples of governments cultural commitments – and what are it’s challenging of this questions” Research method: Analytical-descriptive research method is a type of library. Findings: The research OF this article shows governments cultural commitments in international rights aren’t just abstract and theologian commitments; but also are practical commitments which are reflected in votes of the bureau Conclusions: just (the) address the surroundings governments cultural commitments in international rights not for certain mention of achievements of bureau is a false repeat Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Cultural Strategies for the Empowerment of the Vulnerable Populations (Case Study: Families Covered by Vefagh Sabz Alavi Charity Foundation)
AMIR HOSSEIN ROSTAMI Kambiz PeykarjoIntroduction & Objective: Today, countries have found empowerment the most effective way to achieve sustainable development. The goal is to empowerment helpless people to try to overcome their weaknesses by increasing their skills and improve their positive aspects. MoreIntroduction & Objective: Today, countries have found empowerment the most effective way to achieve sustainable development. The goal is to empowerment helpless people to try to overcome their weaknesses by increasing their skills and improve their positive aspects. The present research seeks to investigate the strategies of cultural empowerment of vulnerable sectors of society in addition to investigating various internal and external factors. Research method: In this regard, among the clients family covered Charity Foundation of vefagh sabz alavi, 329 people were selected as samples, who participated in 20 cultural and skill education courses for 6 months, then using different theoretical approaches and methods. You know, four cultural strategies including: promoting the Quranic culture, emphasizing on cultural identity, emphasizing national identity, and teaching life skills on the five empowerment components including self-efficacy, self-determination, self-esteem, meaningfulness and trust, were measured and According to them, the data analyzed were analyzed. Findings: In this research, a questionnaire was used. The pre-test questionnaires showed Cronbach's alpha of 80% and the reliability value was more than 70%. In this study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine the normal or normal distribution of data. According to the results of this test, we find that the intended sample of this study is not normal. Therefore, nonparametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data. To test the hypotheses of this research, we used Chi-square test. Conclusion: The results of the research are as follows: In the first hypothesis, the correlation coefficient, correlation between promoting the Quranic culture and empowering the vulnerable stratum, was 542/0, in the second hypothesis, the correlation between the emphasis on religious identity and the empowerment of the vulnerable stratum was 319/0, as well as in The third hypothesis, the correlation between the emphasis on national identity and the empowerment of the vulnerable stratum, was obtained at a confidence level of 0.25, which was confirmed at 0.95. In the fourth hypothesis, the correlation between life skills training and empowerment of the vulnerable stratum was 0.571, which confirmed this level at a confidence level of 0.95. The conceptual framework of this research is based on the Talcott Parsons The Theory of Communicative Action and the Cultural Reproduction Theory of Louis Althusser and Pierre Bourdieu. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The role analysis of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province)
Masoud Ghahremani Farshad Zavari KhanaghahResearch Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state MoreResearch Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (case study: popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province). Research Method: the purpose of the research is practical and descriptive in terms of data collection. Statistical Society: the population consisted of 86298 employees of popular - government constitutions and state Organizations of west azerbaijan province. using available sampling method, 382 persons were selected as the sample, respectively. Methodology: data collection was done using the researcher-made questionnaire with validity and reliability coefficient of 0.887. descriptive and inferential statistics, spssv25 software, one-sample t-test were used. Findings and Results: the Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress has a positive and direct role in Strategic Realms Transformation (Intellectuality, Science, Spirituality, life) and Promoting The Government and People Continuity (Security, Independence, Authority) in the popular- government constitutions and state organizations of west azerbaijan province. the role model of Fundamental Islamic-Iranian Blueprint For Progress in Strategic Realms Transformation and Promoting The Government and People Continuity was drawn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - From moral mission to McDonaldization of job: an analysis on the duality of understanding the meaning of desirable job in the thought of teenagers and young people of Mashhad city
manouchehr alinejad zeynab beheshti rad masoud hajizadeh meymandiThe bridge between the understanding of desirable jobs and activists are abstract concepts that people reach at different ages and according to social and economic conditions. The purpose of this essay is to reflect on the duality of understanding the meaning of a desir MoreThe bridge between the understanding of desirable jobs and activists are abstract concepts that people reach at different ages and according to social and economic conditions. The purpose of this essay is to reflect on the duality of understanding the meaning of a desirable job in the minds of teenagers and young people in Mashhad.The method used in qualitative and conventional content analysis was chosen and a sample size of about 30 people was selected from among the youth of Mashhad city and studied.Findings: The obtained results showed that in their understanding of a desirable job, teenagers have pointed to categories such as service, appropriate position and job justice, halal income, job expectation based on maintaining values, work pleasure, creativity and job success, and the youth (women) ) to categories such as female job environment, non-gender discrimination of job, job identity, gender adaptation of job, distance from work to home (location distance of job and time distance of job) and job skills and youth (men) to categories like high income, job insurance and Appropriate salaries and benefits, job demands, self-determination and workplace health were mentioned. By comparing the main categories among teenagers and young people, we can witness a kind of duality and difference in meaning in the understanding of desirable job, which leads to the contrast of "moral and abstract mission" from desirable job among teenagers to "McDonalization of job" among young people. It seems that according to the background factors and the structural limitations of job search, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Identifying the Factors Influencing Activity of Technology-Based Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the Services Field for the Disabled (Case Study: The Urban Management of Tehran)
Farhad Rahbar Ayatollah Momayez Shaghayegh Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
24 - The role of Islam in the convergence of the Baluch people and the impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province
mohammad chegini , tahmineh daniali , aliasghar Ismail PorroshanSistan and Baluchestan province, as one of the most strategic provinces in the east of the country, has always caused many security incidents in different parts of the province. It emphasizes the Shiite religion as the official religion of the country, so one of the way MoreSistan and Baluchestan province, as one of the most strategic provinces in the east of the country, has always caused many security incidents in different parts of the province. It emphasizes the Shiite religion as the official religion of the country, so one of the ways to achieve the indicators of convergence is the religion of Islam. The purpose of this study was to "explain the role of Islam in the integration of the Baluch people and its impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province."The present study is of applied type and in terms of descriptive analytical method and statistical population as a whole and the obtained results are "Islam as the most important component of the convergence of Baluch people through the principles of common religion between Shiites and Sunnah - belief in a common prophet - belief The rule of denying the mustache - common religious holidays, etc., has an effect on the convergence of the Baloch people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the Role of Citizens Participation in the Development of Cultural Spaces (Case Study: GonbadeKavoos City)
Hamideh Reshadatjou Mohaddeseh FadaeiDeveloping cultural spaces means people an organization’s participation to establish the relationship between art and cultural heritage and also promoting their creativity. Cultural spaces are suitable places for learning skills like Discipline, self-confidence, l MoreDeveloping cultural spaces means people an organization’s participation to establish the relationship between art and cultural heritage and also promoting their creativity. Cultural spaces are suitable places for learning skills like Discipline, self-confidence, leadership and teach some basic principles like Patience, cooperation and respect .Methodology: Research method is qualitative of survey form and the data gathering tool is questionnaire. Citizens of Gonbadekavoos form the statistical population which is 1465in number. The sample size has been obtained as 1465 people by Cochran formula.Finding: The results of chi - square test shows that the financial contribution (χ2 = 1102823), executive (χ2 =1670410) and intellectual (χ2 = 1600471) citizens with developing the cultural Spaces has relationship and citizen participation (χ2 =170032) causes the development of these spaces. Correlation test results showed that there is a strong and positive correlation between thinking participation, executive and financial. Increase citizen participation in one of the dimensions, the stage facilitate for other types of participation. Effecting prioritizing by the Friedman test (χ2 =1640242) indicated executive contribution (ratio average 2.84), intellectual (ratio average 1.66) and financial (ratio average 1.49) respectively have the greatest impact on the development of cultural spaces in the Gonbadekavoos city.Conclusion: The results showed that citizen intellectual, financial and administrative participation in developing the cultural spaces is vital and is a necessity to achieve Cultural objectives active participation of citizens in the process before, during and after the implementation of projects related to cultural spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Position, Dimensions and Realization of Urban Competitiveness in Urban Management
Fatemehalsadat Afsahhosseini Hossein Zabihi Laala jahanshahlooThe goal of the concept of competitiveness is somewhat specific and is overcome to other competitors. Due to the contemporary phenomena of globalization and information and communication, the importance of paying attention to the issue of urban competitiveness is eviden MoreThe goal of the concept of competitiveness is somewhat specific and is overcome to other competitors. Due to the contemporary phenomena of globalization and information and communication, the importance of paying attention to the issue of urban competitiveness is evident. Competitiveness has different components. The purpose of the present research is to focus on the spatial components of urban competitiveness in order to provide it to urban managers. After determining the hypotheses using the structural equation model, with the partial least squares approach, the fitting of the model is performed by Smart PLS software to realization the hypotheses. To analyze the collected data from 110 people as a statistical population, descriptive statistics and then inferential statistics are presented first. The whole research hypothesis is confirmed. Also, research theory is: Urban competitiveness can be enhanced with people's participation and information and communication technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - A model for inter-agency cooperations to provide services for the blind and low-sighted people: Requirements and functions
Sakineh Ghasempour Ayoob NaziPurpose: The purpose of this study is to offer a model of Inter-agency cooperations to provide services for the blind and low-sighted people in Iran. Methodology: This research was conducted as Quantitative (Descriptive Survey) and qualitative (Content Analysis). Requir MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to offer a model of Inter-agency cooperations to provide services for the blind and low-sighted people in Iran. Methodology: This research was conducted as Quantitative (Descriptive Survey) and qualitative (Content Analysis). Required data were collected in two parts: First via questionnaire consisted of 3 open questions, asked through telephone interviews, with 12 non/expert respondents. The second part of the required data was obtained from the observation of libraries environment and search in the libraries websites, documents, news etc. Findings: The results showed that despite a large number of blinds and low-sighted people in Iran, information services and facilities had been scattered. There were no national plan for resource sharing and exchange associated with this particular groups. Conclusion: In order to achieve the desired level of services in both level of internal and inter-organizational, new measures including the more use of technology should be taken from organizations such as: the National Library for the Blind and Low-sighted people (apart from the current existing libraries, including the Blind Department of National Library), as a dynamic institution that have moral and material support from the government and the public. Finally, this new implemented organizations have to coordinate resource-sharing plans at the national level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Concept of Obedience in the Old Testament
Abdul Hussein LatifiAmong Middle Eastern religions, Judaism has the most extreme and inflexible Law which can be summarized in the concept of obedience. In Judaism, obedience has an ethnic and individual dimensions. According to this concept, there is a relationship between God and the Peo MoreAmong Middle Eastern religions, Judaism has the most extreme and inflexible Law which can be summarized in the concept of obedience. In Judaism, obedience has an ethnic and individual dimensions. According to this concept, there is a relationship between God and the People, so the obedience that God demands them to do, should be multilateral and complete like the wife’s obedience to her husband and the children's obedience to their father. However, obedience to God that is manifested originally in the Ten Commandments, has gradually been generalized to a wider range of people such as sages, prophets, parents, etc. Emphasizing on the rigidity of the Jewish law, this article firstly seeks to assert the importance of obedience and its dimensions; and secondly by investigating the Old Testament, as the fundamental document of Judaism, it tries to give a true perception of the Yahweh's tremendousness and His extreme sovereignty over the People. Consequently, it can be said that according to the teachings of the Old Testament, Yahweh’s sovereignty over the People and the individuals which mostly conduced to some worldly rewards, on top of which their settlement in the Promised Land, is so extreme and inflexible that disobedience from it ended up to a severe punishments throughout the history, such as diaspora, People's dependency to other nation and alteration or even invalidity of their selectness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Explanation the Factors Affecting Revival of People-Oriented Passages in Urban Spaces, (Case study: Kuti neighborhood of Bushehr)
Parisa Janianpour Nasim Sahraei Nejad mohsen kafiBackground and Objective: One of the basic human needs is social interaction, and providing a suitable platform to meet this basic need, certainly requires the existence of a physical base. Passages as an urban spaces, play a significant role in responding to this dimen MoreBackground and Objective: One of the basic human needs is social interaction, and providing a suitable platform to meet this basic need, certainly requires the existence of a physical base. Passages as an urban spaces, play a significant role in responding to this dimension of human life in urban communities through attracting different kind of people, they will be able to creating people-oriented spaces. Kuti Passage in Bushehr, like many others in the historical cities of the country, was once a center of interactions and gatherings of the residents, which over time, was disorganized and they were abandoned and lost their efficiency as part of urban space. Material and Methodology: Therefore, in this study, using previous literature review, we first extracted social factors affecting the presence of people in urban spaces to design our questionnaire. In the next step, we distributed 487 questionnaire in the Kuti paasage to assess users' opinions in this regard. We then used SPSS software for analyzing collected data through factor analysis, Pearson test and Variance. Findings: Among the 24 variables measured in the questionnaire, 6 key factors affecting the promotion of people-oriented spaces were identified which include social interactions, place attachment, sense of security, aesthetic appeal, sense of belonging and place identity. Our results show that these factors have strong correlation and also direct influence on our dependent variable. Discussion and Conclusion: By considering policies that can help to promote each of these six factors in management, planning and redesigning this passage, we can regenerate its former neglected identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The views of local and governmental forest stakeholders on agriculture and livestock in the Almaneh forests in Sarv Abad city
Soroush Zabihollahi javad mirzaei farzad eskandari manuchehr namiranian arezo soltaniBackground and Objectives: Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest are considered as the most important factors in the destruction of Zagros forests and in this regard, local and governmental stakeholders have different MoreBackground and Objectives: Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest are considered as the most important factors in the destruction of Zagros forests and in this regard, local and governmental stakeholders have different and contradictory views together. The purpose of this study was to gain a perspective of stakeholders regarding agricultural and livestock activities in Almaneh allotment forests in Sarvabad city. In the Almaneh`s forest village, agricultural activities whether farming or horticultural are carried out either inside the forest (in the form of understory farming, or deforestation and conversion to agriculture and orchard) or at the edge of the forest which in any case affects the forest. In this village livestock also has a direct impact on the forest and it can always be described as an integral part of the forest.Material and Methodology: The statistical society of this study includes the people of Almaneh village and some experts of the Natural Resources and Agricultural offices of Kurdistan province. The main instrument of the study is a questionnaire and In total, 115 local and state stakeholders views using a Likert scale on Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest were investigated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis using SPSS software.Findings: According to the results, local stakeholders are not aware of their activities in deforestation and agricultural experts agree with them. But natural resources experts have opposite view. In other words, local and state practitioners have a different perspective on many aspects of the activity and the conflict between local practitioners and government experts, especially natural resource experts, is clearly visible.Discussion and Conclusion: So, from a stakeholders perspective, a common item is selected as the selected stakeholders item in all three activities, which shows that these activities are due to economic problems and the lack of local people's income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Study of the structure and function of Non-governmental Environmental organizations and their roles in urban development process of Tehran province
Akramolmolouk Lahijanian Reza Arjmandi Naser Moharramnejad Mojtaba Jamshidi DeljooNon-governmental Environmental organizations are the centers that can conduct people participating in environment preservation and concentrating group and individual efforts to increase its productivity. Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province in MoreNon-governmental Environmental organizations are the centers that can conduct people participating in environment preservation and concentrating group and individual efforts to increase its productivity. Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province in recent years have had a little considerable growth, but qualitative growth of this organization couldn’t have a high curve like quantitative growth and as a result causes of these affairs should be studied. In order to increase the amount of participation of non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province of urban development process, recognition of effective factors on the growth and development of these organizations through a scientific research which is considered a Study, laid the foundations of the goal of execution of this research. Studied Samples in this research were 80 managers and 185 members of Non-governmental Environmental organizations of Tehran province 265 persons in total. Summing up points of views of these managers and members of organizations concluded that these organizations are effective in urban development process. But this impressiveness is limited and not very considerable and impressiveness of activities is not conformed to real goals of these organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Praise in Hafez Motenabbi’s poetry
Mehdi Momtahen Samaneh Sharifi RadPraise background in Arabic poetry reaches the age of ignorance; but praise poetry in Persian, has started from the third century Hijri to imitation of Arabic prosody. In Motenabbi and Hafez’s period of life, Eulogy has become abundantly widespread, MorePraise background in Arabic poetry reaches the age of ignorance; but praise poetry in Persian, has started from the third century Hijri to imitation of Arabic prosody. In Motenabbi and Hafez’s period of life, Eulogy has become abundantly widespread, and a lot of poets have been writing a lot of panegyric. The place and position of praise in Motenabbi and Hafez’s divan has significant differences with each other. While about 90% of the eulogy in otenabbi’s divan is dedicated to the praise, only 7% of Hafez’s divan is allocated to eulogy. These two poets are also contradictory with each other in style and method of eulogy. Motenabbi has praised approximately 50 people while the praised people by Hafez are half of that number. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Reference books of verse 105 of Surah Anbiya commentators approaches
Zahra Paydar Hamed Dejabad15th verse of 21th chapter of Quran (Anbiya) is one of verses speaking about the future of earth and its real inheritors and it is the promise of divine and religious government. According to this verse, there are several traditions which have been mentioned by Sunny an More15th verse of 21th chapter of Quran (Anbiya) is one of verses speaking about the future of earth and its real inheritors and it is the promise of divine and religious government. According to this verse, there are several traditions which have been mentioned by Sunny and Shiite commentators and differently typical specimens have been introduced so that these questions cross mind that from whom each documented tradition has been quoted and are they reliable? This study whose method is comparative one classifies and investigates reasons of sects and it is revealed by investigating all views that many sunny’s traditions are attributed to followers and accompany with many contradiction and opposition so that there is two different quotation from a follower in sunny’s books. But inheritors of earth are Imam Mahdi(12th Imam of Shiite) and His followers and the promise of inheriting the earth has been allocated the period of advent of Imam Mahdi according to verses’ substances, especially this verse and Shiite’s traditions and some traditions of sunny which accompany with Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Arrogance and Abjection’s Relationship: Definition, Types, Consequences and Treatment from Quran’s Verses Viewpoint
Mahdiyeh Nouri Mahboobeh Nouri Samaneh Sadat Hosseini Zadeh Sediqeh Sadat Hosseini ZadehThe aim of the present survey is to study the relationship between arrogance and abjection from Quran’s verses viewpoint. Arrogance which means knowing oneself greatest and the best more than reality, manifests as arrogance in human’s characteristic. The pre MoreThe aim of the present survey is to study the relationship between arrogance and abjection from Quran’s verses viewpoint. Arrogance which means knowing oneself greatest and the best more than reality, manifests as arrogance in human’s characteristic. The present article which is done in librarian method points out types of arrogance against Lord, against Mohammad the Prophet and against people and also studies the rood of such characteristic. It continues with the consequences of arrogance which result in this world and Hereafter’s abjection, violence and distance from knowledge and wisdom which all are based on Holy Quran’s viewpoint. Finally the article expresses the treatments and advises to cure arrogance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Addressing Formats in Ibrahim Surah
Mahmoud Khorsandi Zeinab HassaniThere are various addressing in Quran Verses each owns specific forms and signs. On the other hand, in each addressing, specific rhetoric style is applied in order to arouse emotions and feelings. The present paper attempts to study all addressing types and signs in Ibr MoreThere are various addressing in Quran Verses each owns specific forms and signs. On the other hand, in each addressing, specific rhetoric style is applied in order to arouse emotions and feelings. The present paper attempts to study all addressing types and signs in Ibrahim Surah as well as their rhetorical styles of each addressing. The following results are extracted: Almighty God sometimes addresses people or tribes directly and sometimes unwraps others’ requests or talking and enjoys speech images and rhetorical styles. It also can be resulted that by comparing God’s addressing of Messengers and other addressing, the abovementioned type of addressing owns more rhetorical style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Comparative Study on Homeland in Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini ’s Poetries
Mahdi Ramshini Fariborz Hossein Janzadeh Sarasti Mohammad Shaygan MehrMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the politi MoreMuthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the political, social, and literary atmosphere of their countries are very similar. They consider literature as a means of enlightening society and apply it for this very purpose, and used poetry, music, and aesthetic elements to convey their message to their audiences. They both love their compatriots and have awareness, awakening, and responsibility. Each has his own worldview and thoughts, and the secret of their penetrating words is recognizing the literary taste of their compatriots and expressing the issues and problems of the masses. The two are constantly pursuing their ideal community; a society that is free from oppression and discrimination and encourages everyone to achieve it, and does not tolerate oppression and discrimination against human beings, and acts to eradicate it with their thoughts and pens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - A Comparison on Imam Ali's Principles and Democracy System
Hassan Fazl Ardeshir Asad Beigi Mahmoud Mahdavi DamqaniThe subject of the present article is the comparison between Imam Ali's traditions with democracy's principle system. Democracy's high position is not hidden to any intellectual. The aim of this paper is to compare Imam Ali's approach to words and deeds in his caliphate MoreThe subject of the present article is the comparison between Imam Ali's traditions with democracy's principle system. Democracy's high position is not hidden to any intellectual. The aim of this paper is to compare Imam Ali's approach to words and deeds in his caliphate era. The method would be descriptive – analytical. By studying and surveying in Imam Ali's traditions and reviewing his behavior and deeds after Death of Prophet it would be resulted out that Imam Ali's function conforms the democracy system; thus Imam Ali may be known as a democrat person. Although there were many Verses in Quran about him and his succession after Prophet Mohammad, he was deprived his actual right; but he had accepted caliphate for Islam's protection and people's benefit; he kept silence for about twenty four years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The need for qualification of candidates by the Guardian Council
سید محمد شفیعی مازندرانیThe constitution at a glance are divided into two categories: "principles and the principles of non-review review"● Reload principles, those principles that are applicable in a lesser degree of importance are reviewed. For example, the principles of legislative quality, MoreThe constitution at a glance are divided into two categories: "principles and the principles of non-review review"● Reload principles, those principles that are applicable in a lesser degree of importance are reviewed. For example, the principles of legislative quality, the number of MPs, MPs and period ...● Non-revised principles: those principles that are central to the main objectives of the Islamic Revolution, are unchangeable. Article one hundred and seventy-seven cases referred to it. Islamic state, republic, the principle of velayat-e faqih and the official religion of non-review. [Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran's constitution with the Constitutional spread]the relevant specialized agencies to certify the competency of candidates so it can direct vote of the people, the number of people needed to be chosen from among them.the relevant specialized agencies to certify the competency of candidates so it can direct vote of the people, the number of people needed to be chosen from among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - An Analysis of the Concept of Revolution in Contemporary Iran's Marxist Discourse
Reza Sadeghiyan Ali Ali Hosseini ALireza GolshaniThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the concept of revolution in the ideas of Iranian Marxists. The hypothesis of this research is that Iranian Marxist forces have interpreted revolution based on Marxist instructions. The method of study is descriptive analys MoreThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the concept of revolution in the ideas of Iranian Marxists. The hypothesis of this research is that Iranian Marxist forces have interpreted revolution based on Marxist instructions. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results indicate that the concept of revolution is perceived as the transformation of political order and power acquisition such that the foundation of the former establishment falls down to be replaced with a new system instead of the old one. From the perspective of Iranian Marxists, the notion of revolution is comprehended based on the ideas of Heraclitus, Marx, and Lenin. The perception of Marxist movement from the concept of revolution is so different from the interpretation of other political activists in Iran due to their intellectual discrepancies. The distinction between Marxist ideas and revolutionary Islamists in 1340s and 1350s can be interpreted in terms of their perception of the notion of revolution and their different tenets of thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A Comparison between the Politics of Conservatism and Reformism in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Karim Ghasemi Mohammadraza Aghareb parast Esmaeil ShafieeThe purpose of the present study is to compare the policies of two political approaches in the Islamic Republic of Iran known as conservatism and reformism. To this aim, using the descriptive-historical method and Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory as the theore MoreThe purpose of the present study is to compare the policies of two political approaches in the Islamic Republic of Iran known as conservatism and reformism. To this aim, using the descriptive-historical method and Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory as the theoretical framework of the study, it was attempted to comparatively delve deep into the policies of conservatism and reformism in Iran. The results indicate that the identities and competitions in the intellectual framework of conservatism rely upon a fundamental concept known as “Willayat” (guardianship) so under the influence of this perception, they believe in the legitimacy of the establishment and a rather conservative political system. However, in the intellectual system of reformism, “people” have a central role as the reformists believe in the legitimacy of people and an open political system. Each of the above approaches attempt to have hegemony in the political realm, highlight their meaningful system, deconstruct, and marginalize their rival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Role of Leadership in the Convergence of People and Officials in the Islamic Republic
Roogaye Nagezade Mehdi Firuzkuhi Alireza GolshaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of leadership in the convergence of people and officials in the Islamic republic. The method of research is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that bringing unity between people and officials relies on some MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of leadership in the convergence of people and officials in the Islamic republic. The method of research is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that bringing unity between people and officials relies on some factors such as the existence of religious authority basement and political leadership, people’s satisfaction and participation in affairs as well as the officials’ law-abiding attitude. The supreme leader of the Islamic revolution has assisted in the realization of convergence in society by some measures such as using people’s participation in the administration of the country, giving centrality to the principle of commitment, law and social justice, creating the discourse of simple living, bringing unity among people, acknowledgement of supervision right for people, and with respect to the position of his honor in the Islamic system as well as his responsibilities and authority based on the outright principles of the constitution and the holy legislation of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - A Theoretical Introduction to the Reasons for Political Conflicts Emphasizing on the Role of Political Systems
Hanif Athari Allaf Saeed Gazerani Aliasghar DavoudiAlthough governments stem from the people’s will and their sustenance depend on their satisfaction, conflict between both sides in this transaction is inevitable. In this regard, the present study seeks to explain some behaviors of the governments as the more powe MoreAlthough governments stem from the people’s will and their sustenance depend on their satisfaction, conflict between both sides in this transaction is inevitable. In this regard, the present study seeks to explain some behaviors of the governments as the more powerful side of the transactions which cause political conflicts and challenge the survival of the governments. To this aim, a descriptive-analytic method as well as historical documents and objective evidence were used to identify causes of political conflicts that come from the governments’ behavior. The research relies on the hypothesis that disorder in providing people’s basic needs, unreasonable beliefs and behaviors, and power imbalance are the main reasons for political conflicts. According to the obtained results, it seems that the beginning source of conflict between people and governments is the existence or perception of injustice. Furthermore, in a monoliteral power system where both the government as the more powerful side and people as the less powerful side seek to achieve scarce resources, usually the more powerful side takes steps to create a hegemonic system by using its opportunities. On the other hand, people who are fed up with mere obedience, always seek a chance to nullify this hegemony by any means. In general, it seems that the governments’ negligence to meet people’s needs can gradually increase dissatisfied groups in society and cause unreturnable political conflicts, especially when the government is supposed to make decisions to decrease social dissatisfaction or provide more privilege for people. It appears that the first step by the governments to control political conflict is to remove the perception of injustice in society through meeting people’s basic needs. In the next step, the governments should focus on increasing their legitimacy that requires creating freedom, in addition to maintaining their dignity and avoidance of violence. Finally, the governments ought to prevent the gradual growing of dissatisfaction in society and guide people’s energy towards participatory activities in order to avoid creation of conflicts. This issue requires the optimal conduction of the governments’ special act that is giving service to people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Political Supervision on the Power and Its Practice through the People in the Legal System of Iran
Zahra AmeriAlthough in the political and legal discourse the term of political supervision is used repeatedly, there is little discussion available about the analysis&nbs MoreAlthough in the political and legal discourse the term of political supervision is used repeatedly, there is little discussion available about the analysis of the meaning of this concept and the quality of practicing it through the governmental institutes and also by the people in the political systems. This article emphasizes the position and role of the people in applying this supervision mode in order to control the power, and it tries to provide a clear definition for the political supervision and its features, so that it is clarified that in the current society of Iran, considering the vastness of the society, it is not possible to use the people’s direct supervision for the realization of a favorable control system. Instead, it is inevitable to appeal to modern mechanisms in accordance with the requirements of the current time and also it is necessary to reform the existing mechanisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Explanation and Analysis of Social Features in Tabrizi's Shahanshah Nameh and its Comparison with Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
Hamideh Moghadas Hasanali Abbaspoor Esfeden Vahid RoyaniSocial features are the elements or constituents of a community, without which it is not possible to analyze that community. Shahnameh is important as a work arising from cultural, historical, and social heritage. The richness of this work and its importance are so much MoreSocial features are the elements or constituents of a community, without which it is not possible to analyze that community. Shahnameh is important as a work arising from cultural, historical, and social heritage. The richness of this work and its importance are so much that many historical and epic epopees have been written by imitating it, and Tabrizi’s Shahanshah Nameh is an example of them. Making an investigation into the social components in these two works not only leads to the clarification of the ritual of life from Ferdowsi's lifetime to the end of the Mongol rule, but also clarifies the similarities and differences of the social components in these two works. No research has been conducted on this topic so far and the existing cases have only investigated some social components in the Shahnameh. The author seeks to prove the hypothesis that king is the main person of the country in these two works. The results of the research show that the people in the Shahnameh are aware and involved in the politics of their country, but they submit to coercion and bullying in Shahanshah Nameh and do not have any roles in determining their fate. This indicates the suffocating atmosphere of the Mongols' rule during the writing of Shahanshah Nameh. In addition, Shahanshah Nameh is similar to Shahnameh in components such as customs, celebration and mourning customs, and some war customs, but the ones such as the ruling style of kings, social justice, and public awareness are different in these two books. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Study of Iran's social-Islamic banking with an emphasis on the sociology of money
کرامت الله راسخ mohammad reza Yazdanpanah مجیدرضا کریمیTo determine the sociology of money, it is better to study the works in two basic dimensions. The first dimension of the structural views (micro and macro) related to the pattern of roles and relationships of subjects, in the micro sector, money is exchanged between peo MoreTo determine the sociology of money, it is better to study the works in two basic dimensions. The first dimension of the structural views (micro and macro) related to the pattern of roles and relationships of subjects, in the micro sector, money is exchanged between people like an object, and in the macro sector, according to the policy and legal mechanisms governing the trade of the market. In the micro part, it is the beliefs and behaviors of people in relation to money, and in the macro part, it includes the civic values of society and religion. Islamic banking is implemented according to Sharia or Islamic laws, and its aim is to achieve social development through moral investment. The present study attempted to investigate the extent to wich the banking system in Iran was consistent with the principles of Islamic-social banking. This current study belongs to quantitative research and survey type. To collect the required data, 91 heads and deputies of Sepah Bank and former Ansar Bank branches in Shiraz participated in this project. To analyze the data, such descriptive statistics as frequency distribution, graphs, etc, and the inferential test (one-sample t-test) were used. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the banking system of Iran was based on Islamic laws and affected social affairs and people. While it led to profitability, it did not care about environmental issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Study of Iran's social-Islamic banking with an emphasis on the sociology of money
Mohammadreza Yazdanpanah Keramatollah Rasekh Majidreza KarimiTo determine the sociology of money, it is better to study the works in two basic dimensions. The first dimension of the structural views (micro and macro) related to the pattern of roles and relationships of subjects, in the micro sector, money is exchanged between peo MoreTo determine the sociology of money, it is better to study the works in two basic dimensions. The first dimension of the structural views (micro and macro) related to the pattern of roles and relationships of subjects, in the micro sector, money is exchanged between people like an object, and in the macro sector, according to the policy and legal mechanisms governing the trade of the market. In the micro part, it is the beliefs and behaviors of people in relation to money, and in the macro part, it includes the civic values of society and religion. Islamic banking is implemented according to Sharia or Islamic laws, and its aim is to achieve social development through moral investment. The present study attempted to investigate the extent to wich the banking system in Iran was consistent with the principles of Islamic-social banking. This current study belongs to quantitative research and survey type. To collect the required data, 91 heads and deputies of Sepah Bank and former Ansar Bank branches in Shiraz participated in this project. To analyze the data, such descriptive statistics as frequency distribution, graphs, etc, and the inferential test (one-sample t-test) were used. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the banking system of Iran was based on Islamic laws and affected social affairs and people. While it led to profitability, it did not care about environmental issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Study of the Complaint in Taleb-e Amoli’s Poetry
Daryush Kazemi Mostafa saberiThe study of the complaint in Taleb-e- Amoli’s poetry and the pedagogic teachings hidden in them is not only dependant on an understanding of the social and political situation, but on his particular language and ideas as well. As a result, the present study MoreThe study of the complaint in Taleb-e- Amoli’s poetry and the pedagogic teachings hidden in them is not only dependant on an understanding of the social and political situation, but on his particular language and ideas as well. As a result, the present study aims at a brief study of the mystic’s particular language in order to shed light on the coded language used by the mystics. Then, there will be the analysis of Taleb-e- Amoli’s complaints of the people and consequently, the intended teaching which is manifested through complaint by relying upon the evidences from the text of his poems. The final result is that his complaint of the people is due to ignorance, tyranny, discord and all the other traits which stand in opposition to the mystic ideology. Furthermore, it is indicated that Taleb warns not only the people of his time, but also the whole human beings of every age from the vice thoughts and behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Poetry Style in the Constitution Era
Seyed Ahmad Hoseini KazerooniConstitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trend MoreConstitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trends. This discourse led to entire changes in the meaning and language of poetry. Thus, those words and combinations, announced time and place, and events that had not been employed in traditional poetry, entered poetry, and, as a result, changed its overall style. The social changes of this era brought a new life into the Persian literature. These newly emerged literary works were, in fact, in a way or other, capturing the western civilization not being captured by it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Mutual responsibility of people and government in Sadi, s Golestan and Bostan
s. ataallah Eftekhari najmeh Alibakhshi,Of outstanding human characteristics, as a talking animal is it,s responsibility nature. With this regards Sadi Shirazi an experienced philosopher has considerable quantitative and qualitative opinions. In this, paper the term of responsibility as feeling of depen MoreOf outstanding human characteristics, as a talking animal is it,s responsibility nature. With this regards Sadi Shirazi an experienced philosopher has considerable quantitative and qualitative opinions. In this, paper the term of responsibility as feeling of dependence and relationship with necessitous person will be discusses. According to Sadi, s opinion, the governor should know, he/she is responsible of people’s difficulties, and tries to correct their problems. He/She may forgive unfavorable behavior of peasant and in necessity advice and guide people. Governor is responsible for settlement of justice and preparation of public welfare, education and training. In addition the governor should provide public security, manage the behavior of authorized agents, preventing of injustice. On the other hand, he/she try to make supply necessaries of them. However, people should be faithful of governor and wishing his/her blessing and in case of necessity to obey him/her. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Introducing Imposter Syndrome (Successful People Disoider), Its Causes,Signs and Consequences
زهره رئیسی مهدیه صالحیImposter sundrome belongs to successful people. Most of the geneous and successful people are not positive about their internal abilities and believe that they are cheating on other people. In ther words, Imposter syndrome means to have doubt about one's potentials and MoreImposter sundrome belongs to successful people. Most of the geneous and successful people are not positive about their internal abilities and believe that they are cheating on other people. In ther words, Imposter syndrome means to have doubt about one's potentials and capacities. The signs of Imposter syndrome are high amount of anxiety, low self esteem, conflict, negative self concept, phobia and so on. Paoling klanse and susan Aims were two therapists who had a complete research about this subjeet and the results showed of the people are being involved with the signs of this syndrome. There are eight groups of people who are more likely to be involved with this syndrome which are: Successful people people with successful parents people with successful jobs people with extraordinary jobs lonely people Innovative people The first successful members of a family students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Predicting Senile Peopleâs Spiritual Well Being through Psychological Capital Components
Mohsen Golparvar Mohhamad Reza MosahebiThe present research is aimed at predicting senile spiritual well being through psychological capital components (self efficacy, hope, resiliency and optimism). Our research design was relational and the population was the senile people in Isfahan, Iran. 245 persons wer MoreThe present research is aimed at predicting senile spiritual well being through psychological capital components (self efficacy, hope, resiliency and optimism). Our research design was relational and the population was the senile people in Isfahan, Iran. 245 persons were selected through accessible sampling. Research instruments consisted of Spiritual Well-being Scale (Golparvar et al, 2015) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Mc Gee, 2011). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and enter method multiple regression analysis. The results showed that there were positive significant relationships between psychological capital components (self efficacy, hope, resiliency and optimism) and senile people’s spiritual well-being (P < 0.01). Also the results of enter method multiple regression analysis showed that from among these components self-efficacy (P < 0.01), resiliency (P < 0.05) and optimism (P < 0.01) have predictive power of spiritual well being in senile people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The effect of group counseling based on choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people
mohammad farajpour korush mohammadi Eghbal zareiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling of choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people. The statistical population included married people (men and women in the first two years of marriage) who had referred MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling of choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people. The statistical population included married people (men and women in the first two years of marriage) who had referred to family counseling centers in Urmia due to conflict. The number of 20 people who had low scores in the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Enrich, 1999) were randomly selected. Simple were divided into experimental and control groups. In this study, the Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983) has been used. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and Beferroni post hoc tests. The dysfunctional conflict of married individuals showed significant (P ˂.01). The result continued in the follow-up phase. Therefore, group counseling based on choice theory can be used to adjust dysfunctional (avoidant, domineering) conflict resolution styles of married people in the first two years of marriage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - 'Ayn ul-Quzzāt Hamidānīs view on Unity Of Being
Morteza ShajariUnity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surro MoreUnity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surrounding all things?" (Quran; 41:54) he describe those who are in doubt about the meeting with the Lord, as blind. The blind men are who can not see God's sovereign encompassment over all existents including His Being, because in doing so, can undoubtedly observe that they, themselves, are among the numerous Divine manifestations. For him, God by His sovereign encompassment over the manifestations can be regarded both as centre and periphery. Therefore, God possesses Being truly not like the creatures that are of it metaphorically. They, i. e. creatures, are the various modes of the Unitary Being that from time to time, Hamadani calls them as temporal advents. God is eternal, to say, He is beyond the time, so that one can say as in the beginningless eternity God existed with no other thing accompanied Him, He exists in the present time and will exist in the endless eternity, too. Manuscript profile -
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54 - The Study of Ibn Arabi's and Mulla Sadra's Viewpoints about Perfect Man, with an Emphasis on the role of guidance
Abbas Bakhshandeh Bali Hassan IbrahimiPerfect human of Ibn Arabi that was later noted by Mulla Sadra is ascending toward God, leaving human beings and animals behind by his journey toward God and turning into Caliphate of God. Some Sufis were limited to the same level but IbnArabi and MullaSadra went beyond MorePerfect human of Ibn Arabi that was later noted by Mulla Sadra is ascending toward God, leaving human beings and animals behind by his journey toward God and turning into Caliphate of God. Some Sufis were limited to the same level but IbnArabi and MullaSadra went beyond that and considered “going through pathway of creatures” as a level of human excellence and perfection. This article, as a descriptive analysis, investigates Ibn Arabi's and Mulla Sadra's point of view about one of the most important secular role of the perfect human as other people's guidance. Such a man, as a mediator between God and the creation, tries to guide other people to the path of perfection. Each of Ibn Arabi and Mulla Sadra pointed out to this important issue by citing the religious essentials. Even Ibn Arabi who knows himself as terminator of Velayah, as well as Mulla Sadra, considered this importance and were not indifferent to human perfection and guidance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Multi-dimensional analysis of smart city indicators in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic; The case study of Mashhad city
Ali Hosseini Ebrahim Farhadi Mohammad Joshanpour Azam Tayebi In general, smart cities rely on information and communication technology to improve urban life, and smart city concepts are known as efforts to improve urban performance and the desire to provide solutions for urban problems in orde More In general, smart cities rely on information and communication technology to improve urban life, and smart city concepts are known as efforts to improve urban performance and the desire to provide solutions for urban problems in order to provide a higher quality of human life. As we saw during the Covid-19 era, governments around the world have turned to mandatory urban quarantine to make social distancing more effective. In these conditions, limited physical movements and daily activities were done regularly through remote work, which can be seen as the importance of urban smartness. In this research, the realization of a smart city with electronic and virtual government infrastructures and the smartening of government services by applying the main components of smart dynamics, smart economy, smart environment, smart governance, and smart people during the outbreak of Covid-19 in Mashhad were discussed. This research, in terms of method, is apart from quantitative-qualitative research, in terms of purpose, it is apart from applied research, and in terms of nature, and it is descriptive and analytical. In order to create a base of existing primary factors about the factors affecting the smart city, the technique of environmental scanning and literature review have been used. To collect information, documentary and survey methods were used, which used the questionnaire method. The results showed that the components of smart people, smart governance, and smart economy had the highest correlation with the concept of a smart city. In fact, by improving the mentioned components, the concept of a smart city will be realized largely. In the end, it can be said that the most effective component is smart people, and according to the results obtained from the statistical tests of the spread of the Covid-19 disease in the city of Mashhad, it has increased the component of people, governance, and smart economy.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The continuous spread of the virus around the world puts the concept of smart cities under the microscope. As we have seen during the Covid-19 era, governments around the world have turned to a mandatory urban quarantine in order to make social distancing more efficient, in which physical movements are limited and daily activities are regularly carried out through remote work, which can be traced to the importance of urban smartness. In this article, we discuss the realization of a smart city with electronic and virtual government infrastructures and making government services smarter by applying the five main components of smart dynamics, smart economy, smart environment, smart governance, and smart people during the outbreak of Covid-19 in Mashhad.Methodology: This research has used SPSS and PLS software to analyze structures and relationships. Considering that the use of structural equations requires testing the normality of the data, for this purpose, t-tests and ANOVA were used in SPSS software. Also, the PLS software measurement model was used to evaluate the validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and convergent validity) of the indicators, and its structural model was used to evaluate the relationship between the research variables and the indicators.Results and discussion: According to the Pearson correlation test of the components of the smart city, among the five components of smart people, smart economy, smart environment, smart governance, and smart dynamics, the components of governance and smart people have the highest correlation with each other with a correlation value of 0.878. In fact, with the increase of values in the component of intelligent people, the values of intelligent governance also change to a great extent, and vice versa, in other words, we can say that by increasing the component of intelligent people, intelligent governance can also be realized to a large extent, but from the correlation of each of the components with The realization of the smart city has the highest correlation with the smart city concept, respectively, the components of smart people (0.957), smart governance (0.913) and smart economy (0.886). In fact, by improving the mentioned components, the concept of a smart city will be realized largely. Finally, it can be said that the most influential component is smart people, and according to the results obtained from the Pearson correlation test, the spread of the Covid-19 disease in Mashhad has increased the component of people, governance, and smart economy.Conclusion: The results of the research show the change in the components of the smart city of Mashhad after the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease, and to measure the results obtained from the statistical tests, these values are compared with the relevant documents provided. Regarding people and the smart environment, it can be said that the developments of internet businesses in some goods and services activities have faced an increase in sales and recruitment of human resources. Medical consultation has increased by 22%; however, some businesses were associated with a decrease in sales and ultimately the adjustment of human resources: tourism sector with 97%, service sector by 86%, online food ordering by 60%, online advertising by 55% and online taxi with 51% have faced a decrease in demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Designing a People Capability Maturity Model Among Faculty Members (Case study: Islamic Azad University of Fars Province
maryam mahdavi nader sheikh al-Islami narges hasanmoradi Narjes Shokri -
Open Access Article
57 - Design a competency model for salespeople in food distribution industry of Iran
Mahyar Fateh Marzieh Mohammadi Seyed Morteza Mousavi Moheb -
Open Access Article
58 - Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting the Revitalization of the Lost Urban Spaces based on the Concept of the Right to the City (Case study: Velayat Bridge in Tehran)
Ali Akbari Azita Asghari Elahe Norouzi Kia Marta Rahimi Daraki -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation in permanence of the concept of Chalipa(cross) in Iranian Architectural patterns
Pooya Parvin Mona Jadidi -
Open Access Article
60 - Comparison of attachment styles, cognitive emotion regulation and perceived social support in people who approached a fortune teller and those who did not
elham Ghanbari Banafsheh OmidvarThis study aimed to compare attachment styles and perceived social support in people who approached a fortune teller and those who did not. The research was causal-comparative study and the research population consisted of people referred to forger in year 1398 in Shira MoreThis study aimed to compare attachment styles and perceived social support in people who approached a fortune teller and those who did not. The research was causal-comparative study and the research population consisted of people referred to forger in year 1398 in Shiraz. The sample was 50 people who approached a fortune teller and 50 who didn’t that they were selected by using available sampling method. Research instruments included Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The validity and reliability for tow scales are satisfactory. To analyze data were used the analysis of variance method with SPSS-21 software. The results indicated that the difference between attachment styles and social support was significant between the groups. The difference between avoidant attachment, ambivalent attachment between the groups was significant. Other results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of family social support and social support of other groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Comparison of sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy in cancer patients and normal people in Ahvaz
farzaneh hooman Somayeh NooriComparison of sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy in cancer patients and normal people in AhvazThe purpose of this study was to determine the sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy in cancer patients and normal people in Ahwaz city. The statistical popu MoreComparison of sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy in cancer patients and normal people in AhvazThe purpose of this study was to determine the sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy in cancer patients and normal people in Ahwaz city. The statistical population of this study included all cancer patients and normal people in Ahvaz city who referred to health centers. Of these, 80 were selected by available sampling method. The research project was causal-comparative. The instruments used in the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (Aaron Antonovsky, 1987), the Pennsylvania State Scale (Maeir et al., 1990) and the general self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire (Schweurzer and Grosselm, 1995). Data analysis was performed by using one-variable and multivariate analysis of variance analysis. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between sense of coherence, concern and self-efficacy between cancer patients and normal people. Key words: Sense of Consistency, Concern, Self-efficacy, Cancer Patients, Ordinary People. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Presenting the human resources productivity management system model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country
zhara yazdan panah Mohammad Salehi negin jabbary843 / 5,000Translation resultsThis research was conducted with the aim of presenting the human resources productivity management model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country. The current research was carried out with More843 / 5,000Translation resultsThis research was conducted with the aim of presenting the human resources productivity management model to attract efficient workforce in Islamic Azad Universities in the northeast of the country. The current research was carried out with a practical purpose and a mixed approach with an exploratory design. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured, and the quantitative part was used to collect data from the researcher-made questionnaire of human resources productivity with 4 main components (individual, organizational, economic and cultural factors) and efficient workforce recruitment with 3 main components. (Giving information to employees, delegation of authority and salary system) derived from the interview results were used in the qualitative section. The results showed that among the 57 available indicators, 7 main factors (dimensions) can be identified. The dimension of organizational factors with a factor load of 0.89 has the highest influence coefficient and the dimension of delegation of authority with a factor load of 0.51 has the lowest influence factor in the effective factors in the establishment of the human resources productivity management system to attract efficient staff in the university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - A comparative study of the climatology approach in the novels "Aziz Biyar's Death" and "Ahl Ghareq" by Moniro Roufanipour
roghayee sadraeeThe range of comparative literature that analyzes the literary structure between different nations and analyzes the literary interactions of one country with another country and points out similar points of view and their differences. which brings to the field of writin MoreThe range of comparative literature that analyzes the literary structure between different nations and analyzes the literary interactions of one country with another country and points out similar points of view and their differences. which brings to the field of writing, will give similar reactions to self-renewal. This research deals with the formation and comparative similarity of climate and its structure in the two novels of Ahl Ghareq by Muniro Raufanipour and Merg Aziz Biar by Latifa Tekin, with analytical-descriptive method, and the attitude of rural culture in these two novels has been analyzed and investigated. The research showed that this period has differences in the elements of story, weather and architecture, but the similarity of these two works is also assumed. In both novels, the death of the story takes place in a village whose people live traditionally and far from modern society, and has an extraordinary atmosphere with magic and fairies, and at the end of both novels, the protagonist dies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The ideals World of Maroof Rasafi
Mostafa YeganiPoetry of Rosafi is like a mirror that reflects people’s life. His poetry is the best document to assess the situation of Iraq in the nineteenth and twentieth Century. He has seen all the social problems of his time and have tasted the bitter taste of the p MorePoetry of Rosafi is like a mirror that reflects people’s life. His poetry is the best document to assess the situation of Iraq in the nineteenth and twentieth Century. He has seen all the social problems of his time and have tasted the bitter taste of the problem. Problems such as poverty, illiteracy, men and women, war, oppression,etc. He is a poet of great and famous Arab world and one of the most influential poets in the Arab world and Iraq. He used poetry as a means to express his thoughts. Among the poets he is loyal to the people. He is a classic poet in form but in the themes is developed. In his poem he talks against oppression, ignorance, illiteracy and backwardness. He Strongly criticizes the political and social situation and defines an ideal society; a society without poverty, illiteracy, injustice and war. Manuscript profile -
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65 - Criticism of the rational arguments for the necessity of calling to Shiism
Mostafa Khodadadnejad Rouhollah KhodadadiInviting non-Shiites to the Shiite religion as one of the duties that is concentrated in the minds of the general Shiites, has a ruling from the obligatory Shari'a rulings. There are two types of narrations on the issue of permissibility or non-permissibility of ca MoreInviting non-Shiites to the Shiite religion as one of the duties that is concentrated in the minds of the general Shiites, has a ruling from the obligatory Shari'a rulings. There are two types of narrations on the issue of permissibility or non-permissibility of calling to Shiism. Most of these narrations forbid calling to Shiism. But regardless of the narrations in this chapter, is it possible to make a rational argument to prove the necessity of calling to Shiism? The purpose of this research is to criticize and examine the intellectual grounds for proving the necessity of calling to Shiism. In this article, the researcher has explored the rational aspects that can be proposed to prove the necessity of calling to Shiism with a descriptive-analytical method. From the analysis of the data, it was concluded that calling to Shiism is an example of corruption; And tin, the material of corruption, is intellectually good, and this intellectual good is connected with the Islamic obligation. Other issues that can be raised in this issue were disputed. Manuscript profile -
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66 - Rereading the concept of revolution in the thought of Iranian Marxists with an emphasis on the period of the 40s and 50s
Ali ali hoseini reza sadeghiyanThe current research is in search of understanding the concept of revolution by emphasizing the ideas of Iranian Marxists in the 40s and 50s and the emergence of the Islamic Revolution. The aim of the research is to investigate the concept of revolution in the thought o MoreThe current research is in search of understanding the concept of revolution by emphasizing the ideas of Iranian Marxists in the 40s and 50s and the emergence of the Islamic Revolution. The aim of the research is to investigate the concept of revolution in the thought of Iranian Marxists. research question; Based on which theoretical foundations did Iranian Marxists try to understand the concept of revolution? The hypothesis of the current research is that the Iranian Marxist forces have struggled to understand the concept of revolution based on the knowledge system derived from Marxist ideas. The results of the current research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach and by reading first-hand sources, come to the conclusion that from the perspective of the flow of Iranian Marxists who borrowed their ideas from other Western thinkers, the concept of revolution means transforming the political order and establishing the order. New is understood. They thought exactly in the theoretical framework and thought system of Marxist thinkers and sought to implement the same point of view for change and developments in Iran. From the point of view of Iranian Marxists, the concept of revolution depends on the ideas of Heraclitus, Marx and Lenin, the understanding that is summarized in the macro-narrative of matter and all that transformative force that causes the ruling order to undergo fundamental changes in the system of knowledge of Iranian Marxists, to matter ends Manuscript profile -
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67 - Individual and social negative effects of presence public and media in court hearings from critics' view of public trial
Morteza Rasteh Ali GhorbaniStudy of views presented in relation to public justice system shows fact that despite the fact that the publicity of the trial in international standards and the domestic laws of most countries it is one of the most basic components of fair proceedings and in a way one MoreStudy of views presented in relation to public justice system shows fact that despite the fact that the publicity of the trial in international standards and the domestic laws of most countries it is one of the most basic components of fair proceedings and in a way one of the most important guarantees It is considered, but critics of public trials are opinion that Individual and social negative effects of presence of people and media in the court are also numerous and cause that there are still concerns regarding establishment of a fair hearing. In this regard, topics such as distortion of accused's defence right; Damage to dignity of victims certain crimes; Negative impact on some intuition; Negative effect on judge and weakening of his authority; Denying the principle of innocence due to prejudice and labeling; and also, Degradation of the criminal justice system, As a theoretical basis need to exclude people and media from attending court hearings has attracted attention of critics of the public justice system. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and use of library method, describes the position each of these issues from the perspective of critics of public trial. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Educational system of entrepreneurship for disabled rural people Case study Lorestan Province
Shamsi Doosti Seyed Jamal F. Hosseini Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi -
Open Access Article
69 - A review of Internet of Things applications in building architecture
zeynab kashi reyhane ehsani toktam hemmati yeganeh kashefi -
Open Access Article
70 - Evaluating Visual Preferences of Architects and People Toward Housing Facades, Using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS)
Hafezeh Pourdehghan Azadeh Shahcheraghi Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Hamid Majedi -
Open Access Article
71 - Survey in North Khorasan Province technical and vocational training action for attraction young people to national skill matches
malihe akhtari somayh bshiraan mahdi arefkhaniThe main task of technical and vocational training system is manner of human resources needed by the community that prepare the community needs to provide both training skilled people to enter business and find suitable job position. This study aimed to investigate the MoreThe main task of technical and vocational training system is manner of human resources needed by the community that prepare the community needs to provide both training skilled people to enter business and find suitable job position. This study aimed to investigate the action of North Khorasan Province technical and vocational training to welcomed and attract young people to national skills matches conducted. Research methodology in the research is as a descriptive, by type of survey method and statistical population includes trainers, trainees and people who took part in national skill matches. Total of samples were estimated on the basis of Krejcie & Morgan table was 267 people. Measuring instrument was the questionnaire produced by researcher included 25 questions and base on five degree scale of Likert has been performed. Reliability of regulatory questionnaire with respect to the calculation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.862) was estimated for trainers, trainees and candidates who took part in annual skill matches national level. Finally، after collecting data، statistical analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics and software SPSS. The results showed that all the hypotheses of the process of education in vocational and technical centers, there skilled trainer and quality of programs and standards in vocational training centers provide maximum adsorption in national skill matches in North Khorasan Province has had a positive effect. According to Friedman test’s coefficient, the results indicate that skilled trainers with a coefficient of 4.18, the quality of programs and educational standards by a factor of 3.55 and effect of education posses by a factor of 1.95 to the respondents on the uptake young people in the national skills matches and all researched hypotheses have been positive influence and meaningful Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The study of the learnability of branches of Islamic Azad University in the 3rd region
taraneh anayatiThe present research investigates the degree of learnability in branches of Islamic Azad University in the 3rd region according to Macroart ststemic model, and according to five sub-system: learning dynamism, organizational development, empowering people, knowledge mana MoreThe present research investigates the degree of learnability in branches of Islamic Azad University in the 3rd region according to Macroart ststemic model, and according to five sub-system: learning dynamism, organizational development, empowering people, knowledge management, and technology application. The research method employed is survey-descriptive. Statistical population were members of the faculty, and the presidents and vice-presidents of the branches. 385 were selected using stratified sampling. Measurement instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 77 questions on a 5-option likert scale. Research results: the study showed the degree of learnability in the studied branches more than average. There was no difference in subjects’ attitudes in terms of gender. However, there were some differences in terms of position and level of education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Investigation of history HarsininEra Ancient
pourya esmaeiliAbstract Harsincity of the Province of Kermanshah.Based on archaeological evidence, especially Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of The first human settlements on the plateau are gone And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the specific cli MoreAbstract Harsincity of the Province of Kermanshah.Based on archaeological evidence, especially Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of The first human settlements on the plateau are gone And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the specific climatic conditions and the quality of agricultural soils,Plentiful water and vast plains considered by various nations Including people of different dynasties and rulers have been Lak,Achaemenids and Sassanian were aware of the importance of this area. The purpose of this study is that using Historical method based on the description and analysis of city history Harsin in ancient times to be introducing sanitized. The main findings of the study showed that apart from the status Harsin Climate appropriate, in terms of religion as an important center of worship of the religion Mithraism On the Zoroastrian religion that GeomatMagus action to close the temples followers It has to prove such an issue. There is also an inscription on the outskirts of the city political action Darius(first) in the beginning Monarchy explains, the high significance reveals Harsin. Manuscript profile -
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74 - Investigating the reasons for the deployment of the Allied forces in Isfahan and their treatment of the people in World War II
Abolghasem bagheri Ali Reza AbtahiAllied forces, including Soviet and British forces, occupied Iran in September 1941. After a while, American forces were added to them. After entering Iran and achieving their goals, these forces were stationed in various areas, especially in some cities, including Isfa MoreAllied forces, including Soviet and British forces, occupied Iran in September 1941. After a while, American forces were added to them. After entering Iran and achieving their goals, these forces were stationed in various areas, especially in some cities, including Isfahan, and began patrolling. The deployment and patrolling of the Allied forces in Isfahan has inevitably led to clashes between them and the people of Isfahan. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for the Allied presence and patrol in Isfahan and their dealings with the people of Isfahan. To investigate this issue, a descriptive-analytical approach has been used with the help of unpublished documents and newspapers related to the deployment of the Allied forces in Isfahan in World War II and also the petitions of the people of Isfahan to city officials to protest the behavior of these forces. The findings of the present study showed that the geographical and communication importance of Isfahan, the presence of German agents and supporters in it and its proximity to the Bakhtiari and Qashqai tribes, forced the Allies to deploy and patrol their forces in this city and surrounding areas. Also, the presence of Allied forces in the city of Isfahan, in addition to breaking the legal and real personality of the officials and people of Isfahan and their superior treatment of the people in this city, also contributed to the spread of phenomena such as insecurity and corruption in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Identifying the boundaries of old Tabarstan based on its political and historical geography
nahid pakzad mohamadreza sharifzade roknabadi davod Mahsa .khoieDue to its special geographical conditions and cultural background, Tabaristan is one of the most important historical regions, and identifying its geographical boundaries as the background of events and the origin of artistic and cultural elements specific to the regio MoreDue to its special geographical conditions and cultural background, Tabaristan is one of the most important historical regions, and identifying its geographical boundaries as the background of events and the origin of artistic and cultural elements specific to the region seems essential for cultural and social studies. If we consider historical geography as a set of political, ethnic and cultural geography of a historical region, the purpose of this research is to examine the historical geography of Tabarstan to identify its scope. The research method was descriptive and analytical in the framework of historical geography and collecting information using library sources. The result of the research shows that Tabaristan, as the home of the Tapuri clans, included many areas from the east to the west of the plain and the northern and southern slopes of Alborz, which, due to its special geographical location, was able to withstand the Aryan immigrants and the Arabs for a long time. With the spread of conflicts with the envoys of the Arab caliphs and the central governments of Iran, the confrontation of local governments and the reduction of their authority, Tabarstan was out of unity and had changes in its borders. The range of border changes is Tabaristan, Dillman in the west, Gorgan in the east and Qoms and Ray in the south. Tabari dialect, along with Tabari customs and traditions, is common beyond the borders of Mazandaran and extends the range of old Tabaristan to the southern foothills of Alborz. Manuscript profile -
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76 - Titles and epithets used by sovereigns in Iran before Islamic period
mehrangiz kiyaniIn ancient Iran sovereigns used many titles and epithets in order to spread their thoughts and views. Some of them were chosen following the predecessors and some other were chosen under the influence of different factors in the passage of time. By using tit MoreIn ancient Iran sovereigns used many titles and epithets in order to spread their thoughts and views. Some of them were chosen following the predecessors and some other were chosen under the influence of different factors in the passage of time. By using titles and epithets, sovereigns mostly intended to obtain absolute power, superiority and piety among people. Studying titles and epithets of sovereigns in ancient times and also effective factors in forming them becomes possible by paying attention to the history and civilization of past peoples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigation of history Harsin in Era Ancient
bagher adelfar poorya esmaeliHarsin city of the Province of Kermanshah. Based on archaeological evidence, especially Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of The first human settlements on the plateau are gone And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the spec MoreHarsin city of the Province of Kermanshah. Based on archaeological evidence, especially Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of The first human settlements on the plateau are gone And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the specific climatic conditions and the quality of agricultural soils, Plentiful water and vast plains considered by various nations Including people of different dynasties and rulers have been Lak, Achaemenids and Sassanian were aware of the importance of this area. The purpose of this study is that using Historical method based on the description and analysis of city history Harsin in ancient times to be introducing sanitized. The main findings of the study showed that apart from the status Harsin Climate appropriate, in terms of religion as an important center of worship of the religion Mithraism On the Zoroastrian religion that Geomat Magus action to close the temples followers It has to prove such an issue. There is also an inscription on the outskirts of the city political action Darius (first) in the beginning Monarchy explains, the high significance reveals Harsin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Government’s Supportive Approach toward People's Social Security, in the Light of the Principle of Government’s Supportive Approach toward People's Social Security in the Light of the Principle of Equality and Non-Discriminationand Non-Discrimination
Reza Ebrahimi Abolfazl Ranjbari Naser Rahbar Farsh PiraEquality and non-discrimination in grabbing social security has been one of the fundamental principles of Islam and in this divine school all human beings are equal to the credibility of human creation and the principle of humanity, and no one has privilege and superior MoreEquality and non-discrimination in grabbing social security has been one of the fundamental principles of Islam and in this divine school all human beings are equal to the credibility of human creation and the principle of humanity, and no one has privilege and superiority over others and according to the Quran (all human beings are created from a single soul). The Islamic Republic's Constitution, inspired by the teachings of heaven, has devoted some of its principles to that and considers the government as the guardian of social security in society. Although the scope of social security coverage is very broad, the legislator has considered mechanisms through which government supports financial support of social security. As far as it goes, one of the most important fundamentals of government intervention in the social security system is the constitution and international documents that in this study through documentary descriptive approach, government’s supportive approach and the principle of equality in social security are examined and the obtained result is that the government has some goals in this area that include guarantying social welfare, the continuation of distributive justice, equality and non-discrimination as well as exerting sovereignty Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Impact of Nomads' Compulsory Settlement Policy on the Social Structure of the Lur Ethnicity of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province in the Pahlavi Era
abdolrasool abbasi keramatoollah rasehk Majid Reza KarimiThe article aims to consider the effect of mandatory settlement policy of the tribes on the social structure of the lur nation of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad at the age of Pahlavi dynasty. The method of this research was historical, in which the main sources, written and MoreThe article aims to consider the effect of mandatory settlement policy of the tribes on the social structure of the lur nation of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad at the age of Pahlavi dynasty. The method of this research was historical, in which the main sources, written and verse book and documents remained from the past periods were used. The results of this study indicated that the tribe settlement policy was ended with making the immigrant people poor and also declining of the animal production. Many of the tribes were only waiting for Reza shah death to restart their immigration. If a tribe had opposed to the government, it would be oppressed by the government savagely and violently. The mandatory settlement policy sustained many dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Modern Government and the Political System of the New Divisions of the Country: An Important Factor in the Uneven and Unstable Development of the Lori-Speaking Areas in Iran
Hooshang Kiani Dehkian Hamed Ameri Gholstani Fereydoon Akbarzade Bahram YosefiReza Shah's government was the first to focus on the dispersed sources of power by eliminating the dispersal of local powers. The persistence of ethnic divisions due to scarce resources, relative deprivation, disregard for indigenous capabilities, dispersion and alienat MoreReza Shah's government was the first to focus on the dispersed sources of power by eliminating the dispersal of local powers. The persistence of ethnic divisions due to scarce resources, relative deprivation, disregard for indigenous capabilities, dispersion and alienation of ethnic groups has left the ethnic group of Lors still deprived. The main question of the research is what is the position of the Lorestan people in terms of development in the new order? Identification of Lorestan province only issues such as dispersion and lack of concentration of Lors in a specific geographical area has led to a weak formation in the use of population capacity and consequently the potential of natural resources or lack of it for the growth of residential areas of this people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Effect of the Content of the Promotional Message on the Intention to Purchase the Staff of the Municipality of Tehran
Shima Yavari Seyed Mahmoud SaberiThis research aim is order to investigate the intention to buy in the insurance industry; considering that in this research the effect of the variables or the causal relations between the variables of the model is sought to be sought, this research is based on the natur MoreThis research aim is order to investigate the intention to buy in the insurance industry; considering that in this research the effect of the variables or the causal relations between the variables of the model is sought to be sought, this research is based on the nature and method of scientific research. This study is also an applied research on the cognitive purpose, and is based on a quantitative research. The data collection method is library-field. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees and managers of Tehran municipality. According to Morgan's table, the minimum number of samples required to conduct this research is 291 people, which according to the widespread number of questionnaires, 385 questionnaires were collected. To test the hypotheses of this research, a questionnaire of 29 questions was used that contains dimensions of message content, perception, personalization, attitude and intention of purchase. The results of the analysis of variance based on SmartPLS2 software showed that positive behavior toward promotional SMS has a positive effect on purchasing intention. Additionally, the customization of SMS messages on the relationship between the message content of the message and the perception of the ad text of the moderated effect Does Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A comparative survey of self-compassion, Cognition flexibility and Sense of Coherence in Diabetic Patients and Individual Normal
Arsalan Khanmohammad Ghodratollah Abbasi Samira Rahmani JavanmardDiabetes is a chronic disease that has many effects on individual and social performance. The purpose of this study was to compare self-compassion, cognitive flexibility and sense of coherence in people with diabetes and healthy people. The method of this research is ca MoreDiabetes is a chronic disease that has many effects on individual and social performance. The purpose of this study was to compare self-compassion, cognitive flexibility and sense of coherence in people with diabetes and healthy people. The method of this research is causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study included all outpatient diabetic women patients referring to clinics and treatment centers. From this society, 50 subjects were selected by convenience sampling and compared with 50 healthy subjects. Self-compassion, cognitive flexibility and sense of coherence were used to collect data and data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. The results of the data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between self-compassion, cognitive flexibility and sense of coherence in people with diabetes and healthy subjects. According to the findings, self-compassion and cognitive flexibility are among the most important factors for better management of chronic diseases and as psychosocial adaptation increases, with stressful events of life and higher levels of performance and life satisfaction, it affects self-care behaviors and quality of life in patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Investigating the mental health and hope of blind people compared to visually impaired
Kamrooz Fathi Sohella Bahari Alinaghi Agdasi shole livarjaniThe aim of this study was to investigate the mental health and life expectancy of blind women compared to sighted people. The present research method was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of the study included blind males and visually impaired wome MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mental health and life expectancy of blind women compared to sighted people. The present research method was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of the study included blind males and visually impaired women of Tabriz in 1399-1389. The sample of 80 female was selected in the first stage using the available sampling method (40 blind people and 40 sighted people) and were compared in two independent groups as blind and sighted. The overall health scale (28-GHQ) and life expectancy of Snyder (1991) were completed by the subjects. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. The final results showed that there was no significant difference in the level of life expectancy and dimensions of factor thinking and pathways in the group of blind and sighted (p >0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference in the level of mental health between the group of blind and sighted subjects (p <0.05). In addition, the results showed that among the dimensions of mental health, only in the dimension of physical symptoms and anxiety and insomnia symptoms, there is a significant difference between blind and sighted groups (p <0.05). According to the results of the study, it can be acknowledged that despite the low level of mental health in blind people, there is no difference in life expectancy between blind and sighted people and the life expectancy of blind people is almost the same as sighted people due to increased friendships and Family and social networks Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the Effect of Social Capital of Non- Governmental Organizations of Markazi Province on the Political Development
Mitra Bayat Hassan Kheiry Mohammad Hossein PouryaniOne of the influential factors in political development is the key factor of social capital. The current study seeks to investigate the effect of social capital of Non- Governmental Organizations of Markazi province on the political development. The desired indicators o MoreOne of the influential factors in political development is the key factor of social capital. The current study seeks to investigate the effect of social capital of Non- Governmental Organizations of Markazi province on the political development. The desired indicators of social capital are trust and cohesion. Putnam, Coleman and Fukuyama’s theories have been used and has applied a survey method (questionnaire) and documental method and by using Amos and structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis is performed and descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for 21 items is ./925 and has an acceptable amount of reliability. The statistical population includes the members of NGOs of Markazi province that is 1304 people and a stratified random sampling has been used. The sample size is 384. The finding of the research reveals that social capital of non-governmental organizations has a positive and significant effect on the political development. They play an important role for the manifestation of the socio- cultural aspect of the Revolution and for the synergy of all talents and capacities for organize the political goals of Iran and to fight enemies and to face challenges ahead. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The investigation of the relationship between life satisfaction and tendency to social abnormalities among young people in Bilesavar
Adalat Firuzi Zargar Mahmood ElmiThis study investigates the relationship between life satisfaction and tendency to social abnormalities. The population is1100 adolescents and young males in the age group of 15-19 years-old in Bilesavar city, among them 180 were chosen as a sample using Cochran formula MoreThis study investigates the relationship between life satisfaction and tendency to social abnormalities. The population is1100 adolescents and young males in the age group of 15-19 years-old in Bilesavar city, among them 180 were chosen as a sample using Cochran formula and cluster sampling method. To test the hypothesis of the study, bivariate correlation and linear regression were used.The results show that about a quarter of those surveyed tend to social abnormalities. Most tendencies are to smoking and least tendency is also to lying. The results confirm hypothesis about the investigation. Most of the relationship is between life satisfaction and national identity (with beta 0/623), and lying (with Beta -0/462).According to the results, life satisfaction has a decreasing effect on social abnormalities. Also,Life satisfaction is not achieved only through access to facilities. On the other hand, Proper and friendly communication especially from parents, expressing affection and emotional support can have a huge impact on life satisfaction, and reduce the social abnormalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Health Index, Social Capital and Participatory Actions of Elderly People in Ahwaz City/Iran
Abdolrahim Asadollahi Ali Ismaeli Laleh Fani-SaberiThe social capital and its variables such as participatory actions and volunteering behaviors could be important in health index and for elderly ethology. Using questionnaire based on Stone Model (2002) the research on participatory actions was conduct MoreThe social capital and its variables such as participatory actions and volunteering behaviors could be important in health index and for elderly ethology. Using questionnaire based on Stone Model (2002) the research on participatory actions was conducted among elder population of Ahwaz city (in the southwest of Iran) on 2015. With the random and classified sampling 194 elder people from the community has been selected in two groups of experimental (with participatory actions) and witness (without participatory actions). The results have been shown that, there is a significant relationship between Volunteering actions of elderly and two conceptual domains of Social Capital: structure of relationships (networks) and circumstances of relationships as main manner of participation among experimental group. These relations are too effective on other secondary variables such as age, gender, separation of children and chronic diseases. Social distrust to institutions, reduction of social participation and loss of components of social capital was associated with the reduction in healthy behavior index and social awareness. In total, investment in making and reinforcing of promising social capital for the elderly is effective in their attitude toward an effective end for their personal social life and getting more self-esteem and desirable feedback. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The relationship between membership in Facebook and the tendency to fashionism
Hassan Amidy Haji Mohammad AhmadiThe first goal of fashion designers in all countries is earning more and creating a consumerist society. If some European and American politicians support this policy, that is because they can control the thoughts and restrict the foresight of young people, MoreThe first goal of fashion designers in all countries is earning more and creating a consumerist society. If some European and American politicians support this policy, that is because they can control the thoughts and restrict the foresight of young people, amuse them with subsidiary matters of life and make them busy to pay no attention to social and political events. This research is accomplished by quantity method and the data are gathered by distributing a researcher- made questionnaire (with 84/0 validity) among the visitors to cultural complex ofRoudaki foundation who are 18-35 years old and the sample population was 210 people. The findings show that, the statistical society is influenced by advertising and available modes in social network for selection and prioritizing of their self -appearance and life. This research contains one main hypothesis and six subsidiary ones. There is a relationship between elements of membership in Facebook (the last type of clothing, hair model, face make up, body shape, type of entertainment, activities of free time, and type of food) and fashionism. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between the components of conscious behavior and job performance with fashionism in young people, and on the contrary there isn’t a meaningful relationship between some components like gender, marital status, field of study and literacy with fashionism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Negation of Stipulation of Effect Possibility in Calling People to the Goodness and Preventing People from Evil
Saleh Montazeri Saeed EbrahimiThe necessity of Calling People to the Goodness and Preventing People from Evil is subjected to some conditions which one of them is the effect possibility. The most jurists believe that Calling People to the Goodness and Preventing People from Evil shall have the " MoreThe necessity of Calling People to the Goodness and Preventing People from Evil is subjected to some conditions which one of them is the effect possibility. The most jurists believe that Calling People to the Goodness and Preventing People from Evil shall have the "suspended and conditional necessity" proportionate to the effect possibility clause so that the necessity of Calling People to the Goodness and Preventing People from Evil shall become void, if we know that it is ineffective. The authors, while revising the issue, chose another word and believed that such condition was not accurate and Calling People to the Goodness and Preventing People from Evil is indispensable even if it is ineffective. The present article shall defend the opinion of authors and in line with the clarification of their option, verify and criticize the famous opinions and documents and submit an addendum based on non-stipulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Sex Change in Criminal Commandments
Seyyed Ebrahim Ghodsi Kolsoum Mirhosseini Today, sex change has become an important topic not only in medical sciences but also from a legal perspective. The issue of sex change has remained unsettled among the general public. People look at transgender individuals with contempt and consider them a More Today, sex change has become an important topic not only in medical sciences but also from a legal perspective. The issue of sex change has remained unsettled among the general public. People look at transgender individuals with contempt and consider them as having mental disorders. The law is still unclear about the status of transgender people. Islamic jurists have long considered the issue of sex change as one of the “Emerging Issues” (Al-Masael Al-Mostahdese ) and debated about its legal status. Generally, there are three main opinions on sex change among Islamic jurists: First, total rejection; Second, permissible in case of necessity; and Third, total permissibility. Imam Khomeini falls in the third group. Sex change has legal consequences in different set of crimes punishable under Islamic Law including, punishable by prescribed (Hudud), retaliation (Qisas), blood money (Diyyat) and discretionary punishment (Tazir) which have been explored in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Functions and territory of the people's participation and Non governmental organizations in the criminal prosecution process based on Imamiyah jurisprudence
rouzbeh asghari hasan hajitabar firozjaee Abolhasan ShakeriThe participation of people and social institutions in the criminal trial process is among the embodies of "collaborative criminal policy", which has different functions in the scope of criminal law and response to crime and criminality.In fact, the failure of the crimi MoreThe participation of people and social institutions in the criminal trial process is among the embodies of "collaborative criminal policy", which has different functions in the scope of criminal law and response to crime and criminality.In fact, the failure of the criminal justice system in preventing delinquency by resorting to unilateral and repressive approaches led scholars of the criminal rights to think about the policies of "non-intervention of criminal rights" or in its modified form, "limiting its intervention in the criminal process" and instead of that, introducing more people and social institutions.The conclusion of the research is that Iran's criminal justice system influenced by the developments of criminal sciences and inspired by the basics of jurisprudential and trusted by civil society and in order to take advantage of popular participation capacity and social institutions, proceed to predicting institutions such as criminal mediation, recognizing non-govermental organizations and alternative penalties.This matter in Imamiyah jurisprudence as the main source of Iran's criminal law has emerged obviously in all stages of criminal proceedings, even before conducting the criminal process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The regularity of the implementation of the rule of Dara in the criminal policy of Islam
mohammad mirzaei mohammad reza rezvan talalablegislator explicitly mentioned this rule in articles 120 and 121 of the Islamic Penal Code, and according to the opinion of the famous jurists, it was considered applicable to all crimes. However, on the one hand, the disparity of opinions in the practical application Morelegislator explicitly mentioned this rule in articles 120 and 121 of the Islamic Penal Code, and according to the opinion of the famous jurists, it was considered applicable to all crimes. However, on the one hand, the disparity of opinions in the practical application of the rule in the judicial procedure and the lack of differentiation of the limits of this rule in conflict with other jurisprudential principles such as caution and innocence, and on the other hand, its unregulated application, which is apparently in conflict with the fundamental principles of criminal justice, including the certainty and certainty of punishments in The criminal policy of Islam is complicated, it requires checking and explaining the different angles of the rule. The result of the investigation shows that the channel of the Olad rule is in the cases of definite suspicions and a kind of validity in the eyes of the rational people, which causes the punishment to be rejected or converted into easier punishments. Emphasizing that merely proposing or citing an undocumented possibility cannot be accepted. Secondly, the application of the rule in crimes with the aspect of divine right and natural right is different and differentiated, in such a way that the application of the rule will be broad in crimes of divine right and narrow and limited in crimes of natural right. In this regard, articles 120 and 121 of the law consider any type of suspicion or doubt in any crime that does not have the aspect of natural rights (such as war, corruption, robbery, and blasphemy) as a general reason for not proving the crime. If there is no evidence to negate it", the allocation of "irrefutable suspicion" is considered to be the reason for not proving the crime, and Article 211 will also support this opinion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Studying the Implementation Rate of Succession Planning System and Determining its Relationship with Employees’ Job Satisfactions in Economic and Financial Affairs Organization of Kerman
hamid taboli Somayeh Nobari amin nikpour Rahele Chamani FardThe purpose of the present study is studying the implementation rate of succession planning system and determining its relationship with employees’ job satisfaction in Economic and Financial Affairs Organization of Kerman. The research is of correlation and descri MoreThe purpose of the present study is studying the implementation rate of succession planning system and determining its relationship with employees’ job satisfaction in Economic and Financial Affairs Organization of Kerman. The research is of correlation and descriptive type that has been done by survey method. The statistical population included all the employees of the Economic and Financial Affairs Organization of Kerman and according to Morgan table, a sample of 240 persons has been chosen. The inferential and descriptive statistics method (correlation test of Pearson) has been used in order to analyze the data and the data collection instruments were the questionnaires of the implementation of succession planning system and job satisfaction. The findings of the research show that there is a meaningful relationship between the implementation of succession planning system and its components (employing talented people, existing resource assessment, training and promoting talented people) and job satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - مشخصههای اقتصادی، اجتماعی ، جمعیتی و ادراک از فساد جوانان تهرانی
منصور حقیقتیان علی سیف زادهامروزه یکی از مهمترین آسیبهایی که نظم نوین اجتماعی در عرصه بروکراتیک اداری را به خطر میاندازد، مسأله فساد و نابسامانی اداری است که در مقابل سلامت اداری به عنوان یکی از اساسیترین دغدغه های مسؤولان اجرایی کشور به شمار میرود. فساد اداری به عنوان شکلی از انحرافات اجتما Moreامروزه یکی از مهمترین آسیبهایی که نظم نوین اجتماعی در عرصه بروکراتیک اداری را به خطر میاندازد، مسأله فساد و نابسامانی اداری است که در مقابل سلامت اداری به عنوان یکی از اساسیترین دغدغه های مسؤولان اجرایی کشور به شمار میرود. فساد اداری به عنوان شکلی از انحرافات اجتماعی در زمره یکی از مهمترین موانع پیشرفت اقتصادی و اجتماعی جوامع است. فساد دو رویه دارد. یک رویه آن، ادراکی است که نسبت به فساد در جامعه وجود دارد، یعنی باورهایی که جامعه نسبت به وجود فساد و گستره آن دارد. رویه دیگر، سنجش و ارزیابی فساد و تعیین شاخصهایی برای آن میباشد. هدف کلی این پژوهش بررسی رابطه مشخصه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی، جمعیتی و ادراک از فساد شهروندان تهرانی می باشد. در این پژوهش از روش پیمایشی و از ابزار پرسشنامه بهره گرفته شده است. جامعه (جمعیت) آماری تحقیق کلیه جوانان شهر تهران می باشند. همچنین از روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای استفاده شده است و حجم نمونه 2690 نفر می باشد. برای سنجش از دو نوع اعتبار محتوا و اعتبار سازه و برای محاسبهی پایایی از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نیز با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS در دو سطح توصیفی و تحلیلی استخراج شده است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان می دهد که : 1) بین جنسیت پاسخگویان و ادراک آنها از فساد رابطه معنیداری وجود دارد، به این معنی که ادراک از فساد پاسخگویان زن بیش از مردان می باشد و زنان میزان آلوده شدن سازمانها، نهادها، بخشها و فعالیتها را به فساد بیش از مردان ارزیابی کردهاند.2) رابطه ای مستقیم بین ادراک از فساد و سطح تحصیلات پاسخگویان وجود دارد، به این معنی که با افزایش سطح تحصیلات افراد ادراک از فساد آنها نیز بیشتر می شود. 3) بین وضع تأهل پاسخگویان و ادراک آنها از فساد رابطه معنیداری وجود دارد، به این معنی که ادراک از فساد پاسخگویان مجرد بیش از پاسخگویان متأهل میباشد. 4) بین سن و پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی پاسخگویان و ادراک آنها از فساد رابطه معنی داری وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - بررسی میزان گرایش به مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان
افسون خلیفه ماجده قلی پور سیده زهرا میرمحمدرضایی سکینه ندرلوبررسی میزان گرایش به مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان * افسون خلیفه [1] ماجده قلیپور2 سیده زهرا میر محمد رضایی 3 سکینه ندرلو4 چکیده دلایل متعددی برای مطالعه مصرف موسیقی و فعالیت موسیقیایی Moreبررسی میزان گرایش به مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان * افسون خلیفه [1] ماجده قلیپور2 سیده زهرا میر محمد رضایی 3 سکینه ندرلو4 چکیده دلایل متعددی برای مطالعه مصرف موسیقی و فعالیت موسیقیایی وجود دارد، موسیقی بخشی از فعالیت هنری انسان است. شاید بیش از هر محصول هنری دیگری آدمیان در زندگی روزمره خود در معرض شنیدن موسیقی هستند. بنابر لزوم پرداختن به موسیقی به عنوان بخشی از هویت انسانی در صدد برآمدیم به بررسی میزان مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان با تکیه بر چهار فرضیه سبک زندگی فرهنگی، ارضای نیازها، عوامل جامعهپذیری و عوامل فردی به عنوان عوامل تأثیرگذار بر مصرف انواع موسیقی بپردازیم. جامعه آماری تحقیق عبارت است از جوانان شهر زنجان که بر اساس فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه ای با تعداد 268 نفر بدست آمد و پرسشنامهها به صورت تصادفی ساده در مناطق سهگانه شهر(بالای شهر، مرکز شهر و پایین شهر) توزیع گردید. بر اساس یافتههای تحقیق میتوان نتیجه گرفت که از بین عوامل فردی از نظر وضعیت تأهل، افراد متأهل؛ از نظر وضعیت اشتغال افراد شاغل در بخش خصوصی، از نظر مسکن افراد دارای مسکن شخصی و از نظر منطقه سکونت افراد ساکن در مناطق بالای شهر با متغیر وابسته (گرایش به موسیقی) ارتباط بیشتری داشته و از بین متغیرهای مستقل (سبک زندگی، ارضای نیازها و عوامل جامعهپذیری) بیشترین هبستگی مربوط به متغیر ارضای نیازها و سپس عوامل جامعهپذیری و سبک زندگی میباشد و آنچنانکه از نتایج توصیفی تحقیق بر میآید بیشترین میزان گرایش مربوط به موسیقی سنتی و کمترین میزان گرایش مربوط به موسیقی راک زیر زمینی میباشد. کلید واژه: موسیقی، سبک زندگی، ارضای نیازها، عوامل جامعهپذیری، عوامل فردی، جوانان. 1-مقدمه و بیان مسأله موسیقی برخلاف آنچه معمولاً تصور میشود منحصر به سرگرمی و شادی افراد نیست، بلکه مجموعه وسیعی از معانی را در بر میگیرد که میتواند انعکاسدهنده وضعیت زندگی یک جامعه یا یک گروه باشد. در واقع لایههای گستردهای از معانی و مفاهیم پنهان، در موسیقی وجود دارند که میتوانند نشاندهنده سبکهای مختلف زندگی باشند. به قول آلن لمکس سبک ترانههای محبوب هر فرهنگ بازتابدهنده و تقویتکننده آن نوع رفتاری است که در تلاشهای عمده آن فرهنگ برای بقا و در نهاد اجتماعی مرکزی و کنترلکننده آن نقش اساسی دارد (لمکس، 1968 :133). موسیقی در سطح کنشهای اجتماعی در کنشهایی چون قدرت اجتماعی، مبارزه طبقاتی و مانند آن منعکس میشود. موسیقیای که طبقه فرادست گوش میدهند، موسیقیای که طبقه فرودست بیشتر مصرف میکنند و معانی صریح و ضمنی موسیقیها و مصرف آنها، خود در جدایی طبقات، تمایز آنها، مبارزه طبقاتی یا روابط آنها مؤثر است. مبارزه طبقاتی و نسلی نیز میتواند خودش را در موسیقی نشان دهد (کوثری،1386: 14). همینطور، موسیقی دارای کارکردهای گستردهای است. در موقعیتهای مختلف و متفاوت موسیقی استفاده میشود، میتوان گفت که تجربه روزمره زندگی انسان با موسیقی در حال شکلگیری است. هیچ هنر دیگری به این اندازه در تمام حالات و موقعیتهای مختلف مصرف ندارد (نتل، 1382: 39؛ فاطمی، 1385: 65). در حالیکه موسیقی مشخصه مشترک تمام جوامع است، ولی کارکردهای آن لزوماً در تمام جوامع یکسان نیست، بعلاوه در جوامع مختلف، در دورههای مختلف و بر حسب گروههای مختلف نیز توجه و مصرف موسیقایی لزوماً از قاعده یکسان و مشابهی تبعیت نمیکند. با وجود برخی مشخصههایی که درباره موسیقی و مصرف آن گفته شد، مسأله در خصوص ایرانیان به گونه متفاوتی مطرح است! چراکه افراد در این کشور چنانچه نتل نیز بدان اشاره میکند: «به موسیقیهای متفاوتی در لوحهای فشرده موسیقی گوش میدهند که آهنگهای متفاوت از سبکهای گوناگون در آن وجود دارند، به طوری که به هیچوجه نمیتوان تشخیص داد که این افراد به چه نوع موسیقی علاقمندند و به تعبیری علت مصرف آنان چیست؟» (نتل، 1382: 19). به همین دلیل میتوان گفت وضعیت موسیقی در ایران بسیار پیچیده و ارزیابی آن نیز دشوار است (کوثری، 1386: 105). انواع موسیقی که در سالهای اخیر در میان جوانان مورد استقبال قرار گرفتهاند، وضعیت حساستری را به خود اختصاص داده است. برای نمونه جنجالی شدن برخی سبکهای موسیقی، ترانههای مختلف، خوانندهها، گسترش شبکههای قاچاق موسیقی و تکثیر لوحهای فشرده موسیقی جنجالی در سالهای اخیر در جامعه، نمونهای از این نوع حساسیتهاست. رواج گروههای موسیقی چون رپ خوانها در بازار موسیقی که بیشتر مورد مصرف جوانان هستند، نمونه دیگری از حساسیت و اهمیت موضوع است. این در حالی است که میتوان گفت ایران یکی از خاستگاههای موسیقی در جهان بوده است (مشحون، 1380: 33). در بیشتر پژوهشهای اجتماعی که درباره مصرفکنندگان هنر و فعالان کارهای هنری انجام شده، به ویژگیهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی، طبقهای یا مشخصات جمعیت شناختی افراد توجه شده است. برای نمونه، دیدگاههای بوردیو و پیترسون نماد چنین رویکردی هستند که این ویژگیها را به منش افراد مرتبط میکنند. این منشها شکلدهنده سبک زندگی با ارایه برنامه پژوهشی جدید، روایت تازهای از مفاهیم زندگی روزمره و اوقات فراغت و مصرف هستند و یا به عبارت دیگر، جنبههای عملی زندگی را بیان میکنند. در حقیقت با چرخش تحلیل اجتماعی از فعالیت تولیدی به سمت فعالیت مصرفی، شالوده تفاوتهای اجتماعی توسط مفهوم سبک زندگی، تغییر کرده است. این تغییر از چند جهت نظیر رشد مصرف و فرهنگ مصرفگرایی و دگرگونشدن اوقات فراغت و فعالیتهای غیرتولیدی میتواند مورد بحث قرار گیرد. از اینرو، با عنایت به نظریه بوردیو در خصوص مصرف موسیقایی جوانان میتوان گفت که گسترش سبکهای متفاوت موسیقی، بهدلیل وجود منشهای متفاوتی است که در بین این گروه شکل گرفته و به نوعی آنان را به سمت موسیقیهای مختلف سوق داده است. این پژوهش در پی بررسی علل گرایش جوانان به موسیقی و نوع خاصی از آن و به گونهای اخصتر به دنبال جواب به این پرسش است که آیا بین پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی، جنسیت، ارضاء نیازهای فرهنگی و عوامل جامعهپذیری در بین جوانان و مصرف موسیقی آنان رابطه وجود دارد؟ آیا سبکهای مصرفی تابع قاعدهای خاص نیستند؟ 2-پیشینه تجربی پژوهش فاضلی(1384) در مطالعهای تحت عنوان «جامعهشناسی مصرف موسیقی» در تهران، درصدد دستیابی به این است که چه عواملی نوع و میزان مصرف فرهنگی مردم را تعیین میکنند، چرا که امروزه نقش مصرف در خلق هویتها و همچنین اقتصاد فرهنگ بسیار مهم است. او برای بررسی این مسأله از نظریهی تحلیل طبقاتی بوردیو استفاده کرده و دو متغیر کلیدی طبقهی اجتماعی و سرمایهی فرهنگی را برای تبیین مصرف موسیقی در نظر گرفته است. نتایج تحلیل نشان داده که علیرغم تأییدشدن تمایز طبقاتی در مصرف موسیقی، تبیینکنندگی کم و همچنین ضرایب همبستگی اندک مشاهدهشده در اغلب آزمونها، لزوم بازنگری در نظریهی طبقاتی مصرف فرهنگی را خاطر نشان میسازد. او نتیجه میگیرد که برای بررسی مصرف موسیقی علاوه بر اتکا به نظریههای طبقاتی باید به دیگر متغیرها و شرایط خاص هر جامعه نیز توجه کرد. املیلا کریمی(1383) در تحقیقی تحت عنوان نشانهشناسی ترانههای موسیقی پاپ با نظر بر تحول فرهنگی ایران در دهه 70 از روش نشانهشناسی سوسور استفاده نموده، ضمن این که برای نشان دادن تحولات فرهنگی در ایران در دهه 70 نیز از نظریه تحول ارزشی و فرهنگی اینگلهارت استفاده نموده است. این کار تحقیقی تنها در مورد ترانههای سروده شده توسط نیلوفر لاریپور با صدای شادمهر عقیلی به اجرا در آمده است. مژگان مقتدر سنگسری(1378) در پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد خو تحت عنوان «جامعهشناسی موسیقی بررسی مقولات اجتماعی در موسیقی ایران» بحث از ریشهیابی مقولات اجتماعی در موسیقی ایران را در دستور کار خود قرار داد.موضوعاتی چون پویایی شؤون اجتماعی(مناسبات موسیقی هنر و دیگر تجلیلات نظری جامعه) پویایی طبقاتی هنرمند (آمیختگی طبقات جامعه تأثیر هنر دوران و مخاطبین هنرها پویایی شخصیت هنرمند (پایگاه اجتماعی بینش اجتماعی) هنرمند را از طریق روش کمی و یا نظرسنجی از صد نفر نمونه بررسی نموده است. حولوری(؟) در تحقیق خود تحت عنوان «موسیقی تلویزیون و انواع فرهنگ جوانان در هند» به موسیقی که جوانان هندی تا قبل از دهه 90 میلادی به آن گوش میدادند اشاره کرده و اعتقاد دارد قبلاً موسیقیها به نوعی در دست کمپانیهای مخصوص بوده و آنها دروازهبان موسیقی بودند. از دهه 90 به این سو به دلیل بوجود آمدن فضاهای جهانی این دروازهبانی حذف گردید. برونو نتل(1382) محقق انسان شناسی موسیقی و استاد دانشگاه ایلینوی است وی متخصص سرخپوستان آمریکا و ایران و صاحب کتب و مقالات مختلفی در این زمینه میباشد. کار تحقیقی وی با عنوان نقش فرهنگ در موسیقی، ایران ملتی تازه توسعه، منتشر شده است. 3-مبانی نظری 3-1- تئوریهای مرتبط با جامعه شناسی هنر وموسیقی بنیانگذاران جامعهشناسی که به عنوان پدران این علم محسوب میشوند مسأله هنر را بیشتر در حاشیه کار خود در نظر میگرفتند. امیل دورکیم مادامی به هنر کار داشت که آن را در پیوند با دین بتواند مطالعه کند. نظریه هگل در مورد هنر دو جنبه دارد. اول اینکه وی در مورد هنر گذشته صحبت میکند، ثانیاً فلسفه هنر را ابزار علمی فهم طبیعت هنر میداند. هگل (1979) معتقد است که هدف هنر، غایتی در خود هنر است. در این ارتباط هگل این توصیه را که هنر یک «رابطه بین عقل و احساس، بین تمایل و وظیفه» است که این عناصر متناقض را با هم آشتی میدهد، مورد انتقاد قرار میدهد. وی ادامه میدهد که این حوزهها قابل جمع نیستند زیرا آنها مفاهیمی ناب و کاملاً جدا از هم هستند، همچنین هنر نیز با به عهده گرفتن چنین وظیفهای ارزشمندتر نمیشود. بررسی تاریخچه تکاملی علم موسیقی ـ که جامعهشناسی موسیقی نیز در این میان تکامل یافته ـ حاکی از آن است که جامعه شناسان در ابتدا کمتر به موسیقی پرداختهاند.فوکس معتقد است نمیتوان کتمان کرد که موسیقی محصول و زاییده نوع انسان است یعنی هرجا که او پا گذاشته موسیقی پدید آمده است. در شرایط اجتماعی نوین معدود نقاطی وجود دارد که موسیقی به آن راه نیافته باشد و کمتر زمانهایی است که هیچ اثر موسیقایی در آن پدید نیامده باشد (فوکس، ۱۹۹۲: ۶۷). بنابراین با ارائه این تعریف و تعاریف مشابه ای از این دست می توان ادعا کرد که موسیقی بی تردید عملکردی اجتماعی دارد. به اعتقاد والتر زرواکی هدف اصلی جامعه شناسی موسیقی این است که موسیقی در چه شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی پدید می آید(زرواکی، ۱۹۸۳: ۳۷). این تعریف بسیار کلی است زیرا در اکثر موارد نمی توان شرایط فرهنگی را با قطعیت روشن ساخت و تنها در صورتی می توان گفت که موسیقی در چه شرایط فرهنگی پدید آمده (البته اگر ممکن باشد) که جامعه شناسی موسیقی در ارتباطی تنگاتنگ با سایر شاخه های فرهنگ شناسانه قرار بگیرد. در هر حال زرواکی جامعه شناسی موسیقی را تنها به عنوان علم کمکی مهم موسیقی می شمارد و نه به عنوان یک مقوله مستقل (زرواکی، ۱۹۸۳: ۳۸). کورت بلوکوپف بر خلاف زرواکی دامنه وظایف جامعه شناسی را محدودتر ساخته و اظهار می دارد که جامعه شناسی موسیقی اعمال موسیقایی را به مثابه رفتاری اجتماعی در نظر می گیرد تا در پرتو آن بتواند روند شکل یابی اعمال موسیقایی را تشریح کند. کنت اولین شخصی بود که نظری جامعه شناسانه به موسیقی افکند.یکی از نظریات اساسی کنت این بود که جامعه سه مرحله تئولوژیک (خداشناسی)، متافیزیک و اثبات گرایی را طی کرده است که با ظهور مرحله اثبات گرایی تاریخ تکامل بشر پایان یافته تلقی شده است. کنت به موازات آن به هنرهای دیگر همچنین موسیقی نیز نظر افکند. او نموداری برای هنر رسم کرد که شعر در رأس آن، سپس موسیقی و پس از آن سایر هنرها در پلکان بعدی قرار گرفتند. او به هنر تنها به منظور پیریزی افکارش نظر افکند. با فرض صحیح بودن تئوری تکامل کنت پس روشن می شود که بشریت و هنر (موسیقی) بعد از ظهور رئالیسم ـ قرن نوزدهم ـ دیگر تکامل نیافتند. البته تئوری وی به سرعت مورد نقد قرار گرفت: «کنت بدون شک مرحله سوم ـ اثبات گرایی ـ را مرحله نهایی تکامل بشر برشمرد» (دورکهایم، ۱۹۷۰ : ۱۹۹). اسپنسر قانون پیشرفت همگن به ناهمگن را مطرح می کند و در حقیقت اذعان می دارد که همگنی همیشه از ناهمگنی حاصل می شود. اسپنسر این قانون خود را به تمام اجتماعات غیر ارگانیک، ارگانیک و فرا ارگانیک تعمیم می دهد. او که مدعی سرسخت قانون خویش است تلاش می کند آن را با ارائه مثالهایی مدلل سازد، او با استفاده از هنر و همچنین موسیقی نظریه خود را متصور می سازد. «رقص، شعر و موسیقی که احتمالاً در ابتدا حوزه ای واحد بوده اند با گذشت زمان به حوزه های مجزایی بدل شده اند» (بلوکوپف،1996: 25). اسپنسر همواره تفاوتهایی را میان این حوزه ها (به طور مثال هنر) قائل میشود و البته این تئوری وی دست کم در مورد موسیقی صدق می کند، با تکامل یافتن سبکهای مجزای موسیقی این تفاوتها آشکارتر می گردد. قانون معتبر و جهان شمول اسپنسر به راحتی مورد ظن قرار میگیرد اما در هر حال دیدگاه های مهمی را برای مبحث جامعه شناسی موسیقی ارائه میکند (بلوکوپف، 1996: 29). کمباریو اولین کسی بود که آثار موسیقایی را به کمک روشهای جامعهشناسانه مورد تحلیل قرار داد. البته نظریات وی نقصهایی داشت که بعدها توسط تئودور آدورنو تکامل یافت(مولر، ۱۹۹۰: ۹۹). او سه راه کلی برای تجزیه و تحلیل یک اثر موسیقایی پیشنهاد کرد: ۱) گنجاندن ویژگیهای اجتماعی در اثر موسیقایی بنا بر موقعیت تاریخی آن. این شیوه بر پایه تفکرات تین استوار است و کمباریو در تحقیقاتش از آن بهره جست. ۲) همسو کردن ویژگیهای ساختاری کمپوزیسیون با ویژگیهای الگویی جامعه ـ زمان خلق اثر. ۳) بررسی تأثیرات متفاوت یک اثر در مراحل متفاوت تاریخ موسیقی و تحلیل مشکلات آن و سپس بررسی نظریه های متفاوت در یک اثر. این روش بر پایه این تئوری استوار است که بیان می دارد یک اثر همواره بر سلیقه همگانی نیز تأثیر گذار است و آن را توسعه می بخشد.(بلوکوپف، ۱۹۹۶: ۱۰۷). 3-2- تئوریهای مرتبط با سبک زندگی تئوری سبک زندگی گیدنز: به تدریج مفهوم سبک زندگی در تنازع میان شواهدی از کم رنگ شدن الگوهای تبیین طبقاتی و تقویت دایره اختیار افراد در گزینش شیوه های زندگی نضج گرفت این تنازع در برداشت آنتونی گیدنز از مفهوم سبک زندگی به خوبی آشکار میشود. به اعتقاد وی فرد در زندگی روزمره با تنوع گستردهای از انتخابها روبهروست. این تنوع زیاد امنیت هستی شناختی را با مشکل مواجه میسازد. از همینرو افراد برای آنکه مجبور نباشند در هر لحظه تصمیمی اتخاذ کنند، مجموعهای از انتخابها را به صورت الگومند پذیرا میشوند. البته نباید تصور کرد که پذیراشدن این الگو یک سره فرآیندی آگاهانه یا صرفاً ناخودآگاه است. این مجموعه الگومند، راهنمایی برای کنش میشود و فرد را از این معضل که در هر لحظه مجبور به تصمیمگیری آگاهانه باشد میرهاند. هر سبک زندگی «... مستلزم مجموعهای از عادتها و جهتگیریها و بنابراین برخوردار از نوعی وحدت است که علاوه بر اهمیت خاص خود از نظر تداوم امنیت وجودی پیوند بین گزینشهای فرعی موجود در یک الگوی کم و بینش منظم را نیز تأمین میکند» (گیدنز، 1378: 121). تئوری سبک زندگی بوردیو: درک سهم بوردیو در بحث سبک زندگی نیازمند شناخت شبکه مفاهیمی است که به کار میگیرد. در کنار مفاهیم عمدهای که وی از آنها استفاده میکند، باید فرضیه مشهور سرمایه فرهنگی و بازتولید فرهنگی را هم که وی به طور جدی ساخته و پرداخته کرده، بررسی کرد. فرضیه سرمایه فرهنگی و بازتولید فرهنگی و طبقاتی در دل شبکه مفاهیم وی، نظریهای برای تبیین ذائقههای مصرف فرهنگی ایجاد میکند. هفت مفهوم محوری اندیشه بوردیو میدان، سرمایه، منش عمل، نماد، طبقه و ذائقه هستند. (بوردیو، 1384) در نظر بوردیو، شیوههای مختلف تملک سرمایه در درون هر طبقه، موجد ذوق و ذائقه متفاوتی است. اگرچه ظاهراً ذائقهها به صورت مستقل و در فضای اجتماعی سنجش میشوند، اما محصول منشهایی هستند که ماهیت طبقاتی دارند. ذائقهها صرفاً مقولاتی زیباشناختی نیستند، بلکه درک کردن محصولاتی که سنجش ذائقهها بر مبنای آنها صورت میگیرد، مستلزم مسلط شدن بر مجموعهای از رمزهای نمادین و پرورش فرهنگی است که به ترکیب سرمایهها در جایگاههای طبقاتی بستگی دارد. از همین جاست که بحث درباره سرمایه فرهنگی را میتوان به کانون نظریه بوردیو درباره سبک زندگی منتقل کرد. به عبارتی، ذائقه به پی آمد ترکیب سرمایهها در جایگاههای طبقاتی تبدیل میشود و در بحث سبک زندگی و به ویژه زندگی فرهنگی، سرمایه فرهنگی به عنوان تبیینکننده ذائقه مصرف فرهنگی افراد مطرح میشود. سرمایه فرهنگی طبقاتی، ذائقههایی را در افراد شکل میدهد و افراد از همین ذائقهها برای ایجاد تمایز و همچنین منازعه بر سر مشروعیت و قدرت فرهنگی و همچنین تبدیل کردن سرمایه فرهنگی خود به سرمایه اجتماعی و سرمایه اقتصادی استفاده میکنند (فاضلی،1382: 46). 4-چارچوب نظری در این پژوهش به منظور ارائه چهارچوب تئوریکی پس از ذکر مطالبی پیرامون تاریخچه موسیقی در ایران و اروپا و تعاریف مفهومی این متغیر به دیدگاههای نظریه پردازانی در این زمینه پرداخته شد در سنت نظریه جامعهشناختی هفت نسل پژوهش درباره جامعهشناسی موسیقی وجود دارد که هر نسل از زاویه و با روش متفاوتی به بررسی تولید یا مصرف موسیقی پرداخته است. از ابتدای دهه 1970 میلادی سنت پژوهشهای کمی نسل پنجم- درباره موسیقی آغاز میشود. پیر بوردیو تاثیرگذارترین متفکر این جریانست وی با طرح مفاهیمی نظیر سبک زندگی، سرمایه فرهنگی، بازتولید طبقاتی و مهمتر از همه تمایز موج جدیدی از پژوهش در حوزه مصرف فرهنگی را آغاز کرد(فاضلی،1382: 46). دی نورا معتقد است این شکل از پژوهشهای اجتماعی در باره موسیقی که بررسی ارتباطات میان مصرف موسیقی، ذائقههای فرهنگی و پایگاههای اجتماعی افراد را مدنظر دارد شکل غالب جامعهشناسی موسیقی بوده است این موج از پژوهش جامعهشناختی درباره مصرف فرهنگی و بالأخص مصرف موسیقی تمایزات طبقاتی در مصرف فرهنگی تبیین شکلگیری ذائقههای فرهنگی و مصرف به قصد ایجاد تمایز و نشان دادن مرزهای طبقاتی اصلی ترین مقولات پژوهشی هستند. بعدها این سنت در کارهای کسانی چون پاول دی مگیو و ریچارد پیترسون ادامه مییابد. مطابق فرضیه پیترسون افراد دارای پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی بالاتر از ژانرهای موسیقیای متنوع تری استفاده می کنند بنابراین در این صورت باید همبستگی مثبتی میان پایگاه اقتصادی–اجتماعی افراد و نوع موسیقی مورد مصرف آنها وجود داشته باشد(Peterson & Ker, 1996). تیمی رایس 3 عامل را در شکلگیری و تغییر و تحول فرهنگ موسیقیایی مؤثر میداند: 1- پشتوانه تاریخی 2- نیروهای مؤثر در تثبیت تعدیل یا تغییر عوامل فرهنگی 3- قدرت خلاقه و تجربیات شخصی موسیقیدان رایس مطالعه ریشههای تاریخی اشکال مختلف موسیقیایی فعلی و روند تغییرات آن را بسیار مهم می داند. از نظر او نیروهای اجتماعی نهادها سیستم باورها در تثبیت یا تغییر فرهنگ موسیقیایی نقش مهمی بازی می کند.وی شرایط زیست محیطی اقتصادی سیاسی و اجتماعی را از عوامل عمده تأثیرگذار در نحوه شکلگیری فرهنگ موسیقی میداند(فاطمی، 1378: 145). اما از آنجایی که این پژوهش بررسی گرایش جوانان شهر زنجان به مصرف انواع موسیقی بود در نهایت از تئوری گرایش فیش باین و آیزن استفاده شد. به نظر این دو نظریهپرداز، رفتار در پی زنجیرهای از عوامل به وجود میآید. حلقه ما قبل بروز رفتار(قصد ونیت) برای انجام یک رفتار بارفتار بالقوه است. بوجودآمدن قصد و نیت به نوبه خود، تابع دو متغیر دیگر است: 1- گرایش به سوی آن رفتار 2- هنجارذهنی متغیر گرایش به رفتاری خاص یک متغیر فردی و شخصی است که طی آن، فرد انجام یک رفتار (یا یک پدیده) را از نظر خودش ارزیابی میکند که آیا خوب است یابد. عنصر دوم نظریه مزبور یعنی هنجارهای ذهنی- حاوی عنصر اجتماعی است، یعنی: اعتقادات شخص درباره طرز تفکر دیگران درمورد اعمالی که انجام میدهند. به عبارت دیگر متغیر هنجار ذهنی منعکسکننده نفوذ و فشار اجتماعی است که شخص آن را برای انجام کاری (رفتاری) احساس و ادراک می کند. در این نظریه گرایش به نوبه خود، تابع دو عامل «انتظار فایده» و«ارزیابی فایده» درنظرگرفته شده است. «انتظارفایده» به معنای آن است که یک شخص تاچه حد از یک پدیده انتظارفایده دارد. "ارزیابی فایده " یعنی: شخص ارزیابی میکند که آیا آن پدیده به نظر او فایده داشته است (یا دارد) یاخیر. اما در این پژوهش، گرایش هسته اصلی مطالعه و متغیر است و سایر متغیرها می توانند در صورت لزوم و فقط تا آن جا که برای اهداف تحقیق و تبیین گرایش نسبت به موسیقی مفید می باشند، مورد استفاده قرارگیرند. لذا دراین تحقیق از نظریه مزبور تنها هنجار ذهنی به عنوان متغیر مستقل و مؤثر بر گرایش استخراج گردید(رفیعپور، 1372: 11 به نقل از قمریان، 1382: 11-12). نظریه میدانی کورت لوین رفتار انسانی را تابع عوامل مختلف و به هم وابسته میداند. لوین این عوامل را به دو گونه تقسیم میکند: خصوصیات شخصی و خصوصیات محیطی که هر یک از این عوامل در گرایش افراد به مصرف انواع موسیقی موثر باشد(رفیعپور،1374 :59). از نظر مازلو نیز انسان دارای نیازهای است که این نیازها را به صورت نیازهای 5 گانه تقسیم میکند. از جمله نیازهای جسمی و نیاز به ایمنی و اطمینان و محبت و تعلق و نیاز به احترام و نیاز به خویشتنیابی میتوان گفت اکثر نیازهای جسمی دارای محتوای اجتماعی و فرهنگی نیز میباشند بدین معنی که با ارضای یک نیاز ظااهراً جسمانی، همواره ارضای نیازهای والاتر اجتماعی(ایمنی، تأیید و منزلت) دنبال میشود که آنها دیگر قابل اشباع نیستند به نظر میرسد نیازهای هنری نیز یک مرحله از نیازهای انسانی است که با ارضا شدن آن سطوح دیگر نیازها تحقق مییابد. (رفیع پور،1374: 63-65). نیز با توجه به نظریه رویکرد استفاده و خشنودی افراد با استفاده از مصرف موسیقی به جبران قسمتی از نیازهای خود میپردازند (کورزینسکی، 2007: 256). با توجه به استفاده از تئوری اجتماعیشدن میتوان گفت خانواده، دوستان و رسانهها از عوامل جامعهپذیری فرهنگی تأثیرگذار بر ذائقه فرهنگی افراد میباشد. 5- فرضیههای تحقیق -به نظر میرسد عوامل فردی در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر میباشد. - به نظر میرسد جامعه پذیری در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر میباشد. - به نظر میرسد سبک زندگی در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر میباشد. - به نظر میرسد ارضای نیازها در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر میباشد. 6- روششناسی در این پژوهش از دو روش اسنادی و پیمایشی جهت گردآوری اطلاعات استفاده شده است. با استفاده از روش اسنادی ابعاد مفهومی و نظری موضوع، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و با بکارگیری روش پیمایشی چگونگی توزیع و روابط بین متغیرهای مستقل و وابسته تحقیق در جامعه مورد مطالعه بررسی شده است. از نظر معیار اجرایی این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی به شمار میآید که با بازبینی و شناسایی عوامل عوامل مرتبط با میزان گرایش به موسیقی چشماندازهای آینده را مورد توجه قرارداده، در صددیم عوامل موثر بر آن را شناسایی کنیم. از آنجایی که این تحقیق در برهه زمانی خاصی انجام شده در زمره تحقیقات مقطعی یا عرضی قرار میگیرد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را جوانان شهر زنجان تشکیل میدهند که طبق آمار ارائه شده توسط سازمان ثبت احوال استان شامل 222574 نفر میباشد. در فرمول کوکران 268 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه به دست آمد. بعد از برآورد حجم نمونه در مرحله اول از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهای استفاده شده است که بر مبنای تعدادجوانان (جمعیت آماری ) شهر زنجان جهت توزیع پرسشنامه در سطوح مختلف شهر به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی در نظر گرفته شد. که جهت توزیع مناطق سهگانه شهر به صورت مناطق بالای شهر و مناطق مرکز شهر و مناطق پایین شهر انتخاب گردید.در پژوهش حاضر برای سنجش پایایی ابزار پژوهش از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده که در جریان مطالعه مقدماتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. جدول شماره 1: ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ متغیرهای تحقیق گویهها گرایش به موسیقی سبک زندگی ارضای نیازها جامعهپذیری آلفای کرونباخ 78/0 69/0 74/0 71/0 همچنین برای تعیین اعتبار ابزار تحقیق (پرسشنامه) از روش اعتبار صوری استفاده شده است. 7- یافتههای تحقیق 7-1- آمار توصیفی جدول2: توزیع فراوانی عوامل فردی متغیر فراوانی درصد سن 21-13 سال 68 4/25 26-22 سال 77 7/28 33-27 سال 123 9/45 جنس زن 157 2/58 مرد 111 8/41 وضعیت تاهل مجرد 154 5/57 متاهل 114 5/42 سطح تحصیلات زیر دیپلم 28 4/10 دیپلم 47 5/17 کاردانی 35 1/13 کارشناسی 133 6/49 کارشناسی ارشد 21 8/7 دکتری 4 5/1 - همانگونه که از جدول فوق بر میآید: 4/25% پاسخگویان در گروه سنی21-13 ساله، 7/28% در گروه سنی 26-22 ساله و 9/45% در گروه سنی 33-27 ساله قرار دارند. - همچنان که از جدول فوق بر میآید 21/58% پاسخگویان را زنان و 79/41% آنان را مردان تشکیل میدهند. - همان گونه که از جدول فوق بر میآید 46/57% پاسخگویان مجرد و 54/42% پاسخگویان متأهل میباشند. - همچنان که از جدول فوق بر میآید 4/10% پاسخگویان دارای تحصیلات زیردیپلم، 56/17% دیپلم، 1/13% فوقدیپلم، 6/46% لیسانس, 8/7% نیز دارای تحصیلات فوق لیسانس و تنها 5/1% دارای تحصیلات دکترا میباشند. جدول3: توزیع نمونه بر حسب میزان گرایش به موسیقی متغیر فراوانی درصد گرایش به موسیقی بالا 27 1/10 متوسط 195 8/72 پایین 46 2/17 همچنان که از جدول فوق برمی آید 1/10 درصد پاسخگویان گرایش پایینی به موسیقی 8/72 درصد به میزان متوسط و 2/17 پاسخگویان به میزان بالایی به موسیقی گرایش دارند. جدول4: توزیع نمونه بر حسب میزان گرایش پاسخگویان به نوع خاصی از موسیقی متغیرها گرایش بالا گرایش متوسط گرایش پایین عدم گرایش گرایش به موسیقی خارجی 2/14% 1/20% 22% 7/43% گرایش به موسیقی خوانندگان لوس آنجلسی 9/23% 4/13% 6/21% 41% گرایش به موسیقی صدا و سیما 99/27% 64/21% 04/16% 33/34% گرایش به موسیقی سنتی 5/57% 2/14% 6% 4/22% گرایش به موسیقی ایرانی بدون کلام 6/21% 7/25% 4/10% 2/42% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ, جاز و راک خارجی 1/20% 8/13% 9/23% 2/42% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ ایرانی 5/54% 3/15% 6/5% 6/24% گرایش به موسیقی زیرزمینی 3/40% 4/19% 7/6% 6/33% گرایش به موسیقی راک زیرزمینی 3/18% 1/20% 9/14% 6/46% بالایی به موسیقی محلی 46/32% 88/23% 18/14% 48/29% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ بدون کلام خارجی 66/18% 51/23% 78/19% 06/38% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ بدون کلام ایرانی 21% 5/23% 3/15% 6/39% بنابراین نتایج توصیفی مربوط به متغیر گرایش به نوع موسیقی در بین جوانان نشان میدهد که بیشترین گرایش به استفاده از انواع 12 گانه موسیقی مربوط به گرایش به نوع سنتی با 5/57 درصد و پاپ ایرانی با 5/54 میباشد و کمترین میزان گرایش مربوط به موسیقی راک زیرزمینی با 6/46 درصد میباشد. جدول5: توزیع نمونه بر حسب فعالیت های اوقات فراغت شاخص ها بالا متوسط پایین مطالعه درسی 75/42% 68/42% 57/25% مطالعه غیر درسی 28/29% 59/42% 14/28% رفتن به سینما 1/9% 7/29% 2/61% ورزش کردن 42/30% 98/34% 6/34% گوش دادن به موسیقی 6/63% 1/26% 2/10% تماشای تلویزیون 5/52% 1/32% 5/15% رفتن به مسافرت 8/30% 44/41% 76/27% دیدار دوستان 8/46% 5/38% 7/14% بر اساس نتایج بدستآمده میتوان گفت افراد مورد بررسی به لحاظ فعالیتهای اوقات فراغت بالاترین فعالیت اوقات فراغت آنها با 6/63 درصد مربوط به گوش دادن به موسیقی بوده و پس از آن با 5/52 درصد تماشای تلویزیون را از جمله فعالیت های مهم اوقات فراغت خود برشمردهاند. همچنین رفتن به سینما با 2/61 درصد کمترین فعالیت صورت گرفته در اوقات فراغت جوانان را به خود اختصاص داده است. 7-2- آمار استنباطی در این بخش از تحقیق سعی شده است تا فرضیههای تحقیق مورد آزمون قرار گیرند. در آمار استنباطی هدف این است که بتوانیم پارامترهای جمعیتی را از روی آمارههای نمونهای برآورد نمائیم. به عبارت دیگر هدف آمار استنباطی برآورد ارزشهای جمعیتی از روی ارزشهای نمونه ای است. جدول6: نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون بین متغیر های مستقل و گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مستقل وابسته متغیر ضریب پیرسون سطح معنی داری تعداد گرایش جوانان به موسیقی سن پاسخگویان 057/0- 352/0 268 سبک زندگی **258/0 000/0 268 میزان ارضای نیازها **458/0 000/0 268 میزان جامعهپذیری **369/0 000/0 268 - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر سن پاسخگویان و میزان گرایش به موسیقی آنان 05/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار352/0 sig= معنیدار نمی باشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی وجود ندارد و فرض H0 تأیید و فرض H1 رد میشود. - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر سبک زندگی و میزان گرایش به موسیقی 28/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار 000/0 sig= معنیدار میباشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی ضعیفی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش شاخص متغیر مستقل ، میزان متغیر وابسته نیز افزایش خواهد یافت. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و فرض H0 رد می شود. - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر میزان ارضای نیازها و میزان گرایش به موسیقی 48/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار 000/0 sig= معنی دار می باشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی متوسطی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش شاخص متغیر مستقل ، میزان متغیر وابسته نیز افزایش خواهد یافت. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و فرض H0 رد می شود. - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر میزان جامعه پذیری و میزان گرایش به موسیقی 36/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار 000/0 sig= معنی دار می باشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی ضعیف رو به متوسطی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش شاخص متغیر مستقل، میزان متغیر وابسته نیز افزایش خواهد یافت. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و فرض H0 رد میشود. جدول7: آزمون T گرو ه های مستقل بر حسب متغیر جنسیت پاسخگویان و گرایش به موسیقی میزان گرایش به موسیقی فراوانی میانگین انحراف معیار خطای معیار میانگین زن 156 6288/2 49306/0 03948/0 مرد 112 5235/2 56700/0 05358/0 آزمون لون (برابری واریانس) آزمون برابری میانگین F معنی داری T (مقدار آماره) درجه آزادی سطح معنیداری تفاوت میانگین انحراف معیار فاصله اطمینان حد پایین حد بالا واریانس بینگروهی 361/1 244/0 618/1 266 107/0 10525/0 06504/0 0228/0- 23332/0 واریانس درون گروهی 582/1 18/218 115/0 10525/0 06655/0 0259/0- 23641/0 خروجی آزمونT برای مقایسه جنسیت پاسخگویان از نظر میانگین گرایش به موسیقی آنان، بیانگر این است که بر مبنای آزمون برابری واریانسها، با توجه به اینکه واریانس دو گروه مورد بررسی دارای تفاوت معنیدار نمیباشد بنابراین در بررسی این فرضیه از آزمون T با فرض برابری واریانسها استفاده میکنیم. خروجی آزمون نشان میدهد که مقدار T بدستآمده معادل 618/1 با درجه آزادی 266 و 107/0 sig= معنیدار نمیباشد و بین میانگین گرایش به موسیقی گروههای مورد بررسی تفاوت معنیدار وجود ندارد. شاخصهای توصیفی این آزمون نشان میدهد که زنان دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی معادل 62/2 و مردان دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی 52/2 میباشند که بین دو گروه مورد مقایسه تفاوت میانگین 10/0 مشاهده میشود. لذا فرض H0 تأیید و فرض H1 رد میشود. جدول8: آزمون T گرو ه های مستقل بر حسب متغیر وضعیت تاهل پاسخگویان و گرایش به موسیقی میزان گرایش به موسیقی فراوانی میانگین انحراف معیار خطای معیار میانگین مجرد 156 7308/2 53514/0 04312/0 متاهل 114 5227/2 51102/0 4786/0 آزمون لون (برابری واریانس) آزمون برابری میانگین F معنی داری T (مقدار آماره) درجه آزادی سطح معنی داری تفاوت میانگین انحراف معیار فاصله اطمینان حد پایین حد بالا واریانس بین گروهی 065/ 799/0 655/1 266 057/0 20803/0 06487/0 0196/0- 2357/0 واریانس درون گروهی 677/1 49/249 055/0 20803/0 06442/0 0188/0- 2349/0 خروجی آزمونT برای مقایسه وضعیت تأهل پاسخگویان از نظر میانگین گرایش به موسیقی آنان، بیانگر این است که بر مبنای آزمون برابری واریانسها، با توجه به اینکه واریانس دو گروه مورد بررسی دارای تفاوت معنیدار نمیباشد, بنابراین در بررسی این فرضیه از آزمون T با فرض برابری واریانسها استفاده می کنیم. خروجی آزمون نشان میدهد که مقدار T بدست آمده معادل 665/1 با درجه آزادی 266 و 097/0 sig=معنیدار میباشد و بین میانگین گرایش به موسیقی گروههای مورد بررسی تفاوت معنیدار وجود دارد. شاخصهای توصیفی این آزمون نشان میدهد که افراد مجرد دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی معادل 73/2 و مردان دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی 52/2 میباشند که بین دو گروه مورد مقایسه تفاوت میانگین 20/0 مشاهده میشود. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و فرض H0 رد میشود. جدول9: آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه برحسب سطح تحصیلات و متغیر وابسته میزان گرایش به موسیقی مجموع مربعات درجه آزادی میانگین مربعات مقدار آماره F سطح معنیداری بین گروهی 237/1 5 247/0 890/0 488/0 درون گروهی 852/72 262 278/0 جمع 089/74 267 با توجه به این کـه متغیر مستقل مـورد بررسی یک متغیر تـرتیبی بیش از دو طبقهای (سطح تحصیلات پاسخگویان) و متغیر وابسته یک متغیر فاصلهای (میزان گرایش به موسیقی)است، بنابراین برای بررسی رابطه بین این دو متغیر از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه استفاده شده است که خروجی آزمون در زیر گزارش میگردد: خروجی آزمون تحلیل واریانس با مقدار F معادل 890/0 و درجات آزادی 5 و 262 با مقدار 488/0 sig=معنیدار نمیباشد. بنابراین این آزمون نشان میدهد که سطح تحصیلات پاسخگویان بر میزان گرایش به موسیقی آنان اثر معنی داری ندارد. لذا فرض H0 تأیید و فرض H1 رد می شود. در پژوهش حاضر بر اساس چارچوب نظری تحقیق، متغیرهای مستقل را بصورت منطقی و بر حسب همگرایی و خطوط مشترک آنها ترکیب تا میزان تبیین تغییرات متغیر وابسته میزان گرایش به موسیقی را توسط متغیرهای مستقل تحقیق برآورد نماییم. جدول 10: اثرات مستقیم متغیرهای مستقل برمتغیر وابسته میزان گرایش به موسیقی ضرایب استاندار نشده ضرایب استانداردشده ضریب B انحراف استاندارد ضریب بتا مقدار آماره T سطح معنی داری ثابت 425/1 126/0 276/11 000/0 میزان ارضای نیازها 257/0 047/0 337/0 496/5 000/0 میزان جامعهپذیری 124/0 038/0 195/0 272/3 00/0 سبک زندگی 058/ 032/0 103 825/1 069/0 جدول11: اثرات مستقیم متغیرهای مستقل برمتغیر وابسته میزان ارضای نیازها ضرایب استانداردنشده ضرایب استانداردشده ضریب B انحراف استاندارد ضریب بتا مقدار آماره T سطح معنی داری ثابت 355/1 143/0 450/9 000/0 میزان جامعهپذیری 325/0 046/0 390/0 124/7 000/0 سبک زندگی 175/0 041/ 236/0 315/4 000/0 جدول12: اثرات مستقیم متغیرهای مستقل برمتغیر وابسته میزان جامعه پذیری ضرایب استاندارد نشده ضرایب استاندارد شده ضریب B انحراف استاندارد ضریب بتا مقدار آماره T سطح معنی داری ثابت 518/2 115/0 867/21 000/0 سبک زندگی 205/0 053/0 231/0 879/3 000/0 برای محاسبه کل اثرات غیرمستقیم یک متغیر بر متغیر دیگر اثرات مسیرهای غیرمستقیم آن دو متغیر را با همدیگر جمع می کنیم،برای محاسبه اثرات علی کل ،باید اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم با همدیگر جمع شوند. مجموع متغیرهای مستقل پژوهش 65 درصد واریانس متغیر وابسته گرایش به موسیقی را تبیین میکنند و 35 درصد بقیه که تحت عنوان واریانس تبیین نشده شناخته میشود توسط متغیرهای دیگری تبیین میگردند . 8- نتیجهگیری و پیشنهادات نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد که زنان نسبت به مردان، افراد مجرد نسبت به افراد متأهل گرایش بیشتری به موسیقی دارند و نیز از بین عوامل مستقل اثرگذار بر متغیر وابسته گرایش به موسیقی بیشترین تاثیر به ترتیب اولویت از متغیر ارضای نیاز (48%) عوامل جامعهپذیری (36%) و سبک زندگی (28%) ناشی میشود. بنابراین میتوان گفت رابطه موسیقی با جامعه رابطهای دو سویه است چرا که از یکسو مخاطبان با مصرف آن موجب رواج موسیقی خاص در جامعه شده و از سوی دیگر این آثار موسیقی به نوعی بیانگر مفاهیم اجتماعی روز جامعه هستند موسیقی را مردم بوجود میآورند و آهنگسازان آن رآ تنظیم میکند بنابراین هر گاه در جامعه برای ابراز عقاید، احساسات، ارزشها و ... محدودیتهایی وجود داشته باشد موسیقی به عنوان یک زبان میان جامعه و مردم شروع به فعالیت مینماید چنانچه اینگلهارت معتقد است اولویتهای فرد بازتاب محیط اجتماعی– اقتصادی اوست و افراد برای چیزهای کمیاب ارزش بیشتری قائل میشوند و در نتیجه موسیقی هایی که این ارزشها را برجسته میکنند از سوی افراد مصرف میشوند. هنگامی که موسیقیهای جدید وارد بازار میشوند این دلیلی بر این مدعاست که موسیقیهای کنونی نمیتوانند پاسخگوی نیاز افراد باشد در پژوهش حاضر نشان دادیم که سبک زندگی فرهنگی و پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی عامل مهم تاثیرگذار در مصرف موسیقی میباشد (طبق نظر بوردیو) اما شدت آن به حدی نبود که بتوان روی آن حساب باز کرد این ناهمسازی بین نظریه و و واقعیت را میتوان به طریق زیر توضیح داد: این وضعیت میتواند ناشی از شرایط تولید و مصرف موسیقی در جامعه جدید باشد. زمانی موسیقی فقط در قالب اجراهای زنده قابل شنیدن بود و وسیلهای برای ضبط و شنیدن آن در هر زمان و مکان نداشت .بنا براین گستره مکانهایی که که میشد در معرض موسیقی قرار گرفت محدود بود در ضمن گستره تولید و تنوع موسیقی نیز اندک بود. اما امروزه پیشرفت تکنولوژی تمام مرزهای موجود را از میان برده است و در دور افتادهترین نقاط افراد به موسیقی دسترسی دارند که این موضوع تصورات رایج موجود در خصوص توزیع سرمایه های فرهنگی را تا حدی از بین برده است. صرفنظر از اهمیت پرداختن به موسیقی که در همه دنیا صدق میکند مسائلی در ایران وجود دارد که لزوم مطالعه موسیقیایی و مصرف موسیقی را جدی تر میکند. در ایران امروز به رغم وجود سابقه تاریخی تولید موسیقی وجود یک نظام موسیقیایی شناخته شده و غنی ،مشکلات متعددی درباره تولید و مصرف موسیقی وجود دارد و همین مشکلات که در قالب تعارضات دین و موسیقی بیشترین جلوه را داشتهاند سبب شده تا پژوهش درباره ابعاد مختلف تولید و مصرف موسیقی فاقد مشروعیت لازم باشد اگر چه جامعه ایرانی موسیقی و مصرف آن از سوی مردم را به مثابه واقعیتی گریزناپذیر احساس میکند اما کماکان، حداقل در عرصه رسمی و نظام سیاسی با موسیقی به مثابه عرصهای تابویی رفتار میشود. همین امر سبب شده است تا در دو دهه گذشته از غنای پژوهشهای اجتماعی درباره موسیقی بسیار کاسته شود. علاوه بر مسأله تابوییبودن بحث درباره موسیقی که البته در سالهای اخیر تا اندازهای از آن کاسته شده است، دولت در ایران موجودیتی بزرگ و همهجاگستر دارد و داعیه دخالت آن در عرصه فرهنگ بیش از هر جای دیگری است. با این حال همین دولت فاقد شناختهای کافی از عرصه تولید و مصرف موسیقی در کشوراست این چنین دولتی حتی فاقد توان لازم برای سیاستگذاری عاقلانه است. مسائل فوق به رابطه موسیقی و نظام سیاسی در ایران مربوط میشوند اما مسأله فقط به همین جا ختم نمیشود. در عرصه دانشگاهها نیزدایره بحث درباره تولید و مصرف فرهنگی گسترده نیست. با توجه به مرور ادبیات مربوط به مباحث همین پژوهش جامعهشناسی هنر به معنای تلاش برای تبیین جامعهشناختی تولید هنر و جامعهشناسی فرهنگ از فراموششدهترین عرصههای پژوهش اجتماعی در ایران هستند. بنابراین لازم است تا پژوهشهای جدی درباره هنر و بالاخص موسیقی را آغاز کرد. فهرست منابع اینگلهارت، ر، (1373)، تحول فرهنگی در جوامع پیشرفته صنعتی، ترجمه مریم وتر، انتشارات کویر، تهران. ببی، ا، (1386)، روشهای تحقیق در علوم اجتماعی، ترجمه رضا فاضل، نشر سمت، تهران. دواس، دی. ای، (1387)، پیمایش در تحقیقات اجتماعی، ترجمه هوشنگ نایبی، نشر نی، تهران. رفیع پور، ف، (1384)، تکنیکهای خاص تحقیق در علوم اجتماعی، شرکت سهامی انتشار، تهران. فاضلی، م.(1386)، جامعهشناسی مصرف موسیقی، انتشارات پژوهشگاه فرهنگ هنر و ارتباطات، تهران. فاطمی، س، (1385)، سازمان اداری موسیقی و قشرهای فرهنگی در جامعه، نشریه یازمان اداری هنر، شماره 2، مرکز تحقیقات و مطالعات هنری، تهران. کریمی، ا، (1383)، نشانهشناسی ترانههای موسیقی پاپ. کوثری، م، (1386)، گفتمانهای موسیقی در ایران، پژوهشنامه فرهنگستان هنر، ویژه نقد جامعه شناسی هنر، فرهنگستان هنر، شماره 2، تهران. کوثری، م، (1385)، هنر و مدرنیته در ایران. مجله حرفه هنرمند، شماره 8، زمستان ص 150-.155 کوثری، م، (1386)، درک آثار هنری در جامعه، هماندیشی جامعهشناسی هنر، فرهنگستان هنر، تهران. کوثری، م، (1387)، در آمدی بر موسیقی مردمپسند، انتشارات طرح آینده، تهران. گیدنز، آ، (1378)، جامعهشناسی، ترجمه منوچهر صبوری، نشر نی، تهران. مشحون، ح، (1380)، تاریخ موسیقی ایران، انتشارات فرهنگ، نشر نو، تهران. مقتدر سنگسری، م، (1378)، نیاز جامعه به موسیقی. فصلنامه ماهور، سال سوم، شماره هفتم. نتل، ب، (1382)، نقش موسیقی در فرهنگ ایران ملتی تازه توسعه یافته، ترجمه ناتالی چوبینه، فصلنامه موسیقی ماهور، سال ششم، شماره 21. Lomax, A. (1968). Folk sony style and culture, American for the Advancement of Science. Washington D.c Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the jundgemen of taste. Routledge. * تاریخ وصول: 17/12/1393 تاریخ پذیرش: 5/8/1394 1- گروه پژوهش علوم اجتماعی ، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران afsonkalife@yahoo.com 2- گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران Majedeh_Gholipour@yahoo.com 3- گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران mirmohammadrezaei@yahoo.com 4- گروه پژوهش علوم اجتماعی ، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران naderloo59@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
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95 - تبیین اوقات فراغت جوانان به عنوان مکانیزمی برای کاهش مصرف مواد مخدر (مطالعه تطبیقی در بین جوانان معتاد و غیرمعتاد در استان خراسان شمالی)
اسماعیل قربانی مریم شجاعی حسین فیض آبادیهدف تحقیق تبیین اوقات فراغت جوانان به عنوان عاملی مهم در زمینه کاهش گرایش آنان به اعتیاد مواد مخدر است که در سطح استان خراسان شمالی به صورت مقایسهای بین جوانان معتاد تحت پوشش مراکز ترک اعتیاد بهزیستی و سایر جوانان غیر معتاد صورت گرفته است.روش تحقیق پیمایشی بوده و برای Moreهدف تحقیق تبیین اوقات فراغت جوانان به عنوان عاملی مهم در زمینه کاهش گرایش آنان به اعتیاد مواد مخدر است که در سطح استان خراسان شمالی به صورت مقایسهای بین جوانان معتاد تحت پوشش مراکز ترک اعتیاد بهزیستی و سایر جوانان غیر معتاد صورت گرفته است.روش تحقیق پیمایشی بوده و برای جمعآوری دادهها از تکنیک پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. تحلیل دادهها با نرم افزار SPSS صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان دادند:1- بطور معناداری افراد غیرمعتاد زمان بیشتری را به اوقات فراغت خود اختصاص داده اند.2- فعالیتهای اوقات فراغت جوانان معتاد در مقایسه با جوانان غیرمعتاد از تنوع بسیار کمتری برخوردار است.3- پایینبودن رضایتمندی جوانان معتاد از اوقات فراغت. 4-از کل وقت آزاد جوانان معتاد درصد کمی از آن به اوقات فراغت سپری میگردد. نهایتاً اینکه مشکلات اوقات فراغت از دیدگاه جوانان معتاد به ترتیب اهمیت عبارتند از ضعف برنامهریزی دولتی، مشکلات مالی، ضعیفبودن امکانات اوقات فراغت، عدم پیشبینی اماکن متناسب با نیازجوانان، ضعف برنامهریزی مناسب توسط خانواده Manuscript profile -
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96 - مطالعه ارتباط بین مهارت زندگی و سلامت ذهنی افراد
محمدحسن شربتیان لیلا رشیدی طرقی -
Open Access Article
97 - Explaining the Effective Social factors on the Evolution of Religious Ideas in Iran based on Durkheim's Thought (A Case Study of Young 20-24 years old People in Tehran)
Mehdi Mokhtarpour -
Open Access Article
98 - Social health and youth drug addiction(Lived experience)
Saeed Ayati Rahmatollah Amirahmadi Alireza Esmaeili -
Open Access Article
99 - The Effect of Religiosity in Reduction of Delinquency among the Youth
Mohseni Tabrizi M. Norozi Godarizi -
Open Access Article
100 - Identification of Factors Affecting the Observance of the Optimal Water Consumption Pattern in Iran (Case Study of Fanuj City)
Rostam Saberifar navid arbabiAchieving safe and sufficient water is one of the biggest challenges for Iran and many countries in the world, especially in the Middle East. Among the many solutions, consumption pattern management is considered one of the most popular. For this purpose, this study was MoreAchieving safe and sufficient water is one of the biggest challenges for Iran and many countries in the world, especially in the Middle East. Among the many solutions, consumption pattern management is considered one of the most popular. For this purpose, this study was conducted in Fanuj city of Sistan and Baluchestan province as one of the most critical cities in Iran. The study was descriptive and analytical in a survey and correlational manner. The required sample was selected using 300 Cochran's formula. According to this sample size, 95% confidence level and 5% standard error rate were determined. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation test in SPSS software. The results showed that among the methods of controlling water consumption, the highest effect is related to changing people's attitudes, especially the attitudes of young people. So that young people, by creating a flow in social networks, not only make the biggest changes, but also have the highest effect on changing the attitude of families. According to the study, students reduced their per capita consumption from 151 liters per day to about 140 liters over a six-month period. Therefore, it is recommended to pay more attention to this group in future policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Variables and Criteria Affecting Passive Defense in the Face of the Threat of Social Unrest
Abbass Ayati fard Siyamak Nayyeri Fallah Akram Khalili Jalal Azimi AmoliPeople-centered threats have a special place in passive defense. These threats come not from a foreign enemy but from one of the most valuable assets - the people. By acknowledging non-violence in the face of this type of threat, the science of passive defense, is one o MorePeople-centered threats have a special place in passive defense. These threats come not from a foreign enemy but from one of the most valuable assets - the people. By acknowledging non-violence in the face of this type of threat, the science of passive defense, is one of the most appropriate ways to deal with these threats. In this regard, the five goals defined in this science express the need for comprehensive and specialized knowledge of variables and their nature, and by recognizing the variables, the possibility of monitoring and evaluating them and thus predicting and managing the crisis is provided. The main purpose of this study is to extract and prioritize macro variables affecting passive defense with emphasis on people-centered threats. This research descriptively-analytically and during the field survey process, first with the tools of library study and interviews, the variables are extracted and then prioritizes them in the range of threats of people in passive defense. In the research process, eight macro variables were extracted, the first priority being related to the domestic policy variables, and among its sub-variables, the political legitimacy variable has a higher priority than the other variables. The macro variable of social criteria is in the second priority, and among its five subsets, the variable of class balance has a higher priority than other variables. The results of the study strongly emphasize the importance of non-physical variables in the face of people-centered threats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Role of Citizens' Participation in Promoting Social Health of Shirvan Citizens (Comparative Study: Palestinian Neighborhoods, Three One Water, National Lands, 20 Meters)
Fatemeh Raouf Mohammad Motamedi Aliakbar PoorahmadThe purpose of this article is to investigate the role of citizens' participation in improving the social health of Shirvan citizens in the neighborhoods of Bisat Meter, Se-Ik Ab, National Lands (Old City), Palestine, located in Area A. A library has been used to collec MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the role of citizens' participation in improving the social health of Shirvan citizens in the neighborhoods of Bisat Meter, Se-Ik Ab, National Lands (Old City), Palestine, located in Area A. A library has been used to collect information. The statistical population of the present study is the residents of the studied neighborhoods and the number of statistical samples is 250 people, which is estimated based on Cochran's formula. By using the Kolmograf-Smirnov test, the normality of the data distribution and the mean test, as well as the weighting of the variables by the Shannon entropy model, and the data analysis using the Mabak ranking technique, have been done. The results of this research show that the participation rate In terms of the physical-physical index, the country land neighborhood with 3.6 has the best condition and the twenty-meter neighborhood with an average of 2.3 has the worst condition, and in terms of the cultural-social index, the three-year-old neighborhood with 3.7 is the best condition and the Palestine neighborhood with 2.5 It was the weakest neighborhood. In terms of economic index, Palestine neighborhood was the best with an average of 3.8, and the country land neighborhood was the weakest with an average of 2.2. Also, in terms of the bio-environmental index, the Palestine neighborhood with an average of 4.6 had the best conditions and the country lands neighborhood with 1.3 were the weakest neighborhoods . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Ethnobutanical Analysis of Medicinal Plants in Kashan
mansureh ghavam sedigheh kianiSince ancient times, plants have been one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Because humans are a part of nature, it is definitely the nature of the plant for every disease. Accordingly, the history of treating diseases with medicinal herbs dates bac MoreSince ancient times, plants have been one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Because humans are a part of nature, it is definitely the nature of the plant for every disease. Accordingly, the history of treating diseases with medicinal herbs dates back to the history of human life on the planet. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the anthropometric characteristics of medicinal plants in Kashan and recognizing the most important and most used plants by the people of this city in 1395. The present research is applied in a descriptive-analytical and survey method. The main tool of research is a questionnaire with 97 items whose content validity is confined to experts and its reliability is 0.891 by the Cronbach's alpha test. Approved. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The sample size was calculated using 336 Cochran formula, randomly distributed among households in Kashan city. The research findings indicated that 45.5% of male respondents and 54.5% of women and the largest group Responsible Sunni was in the group of 25-36 years old and the lowest was among the age group above 65 years. Also, the results showed that the mint, with 6.63%, Kheshir with 57%, Bulls with 4.58% and Thyme with 49%, respectively. The willingness, belief, trust, recognition, satisfaction and spending on the purchase of Medicinal Plants by the people of this city prove the importance of medicinal herbs and the tendency of people to treat traditional medicine more than ever Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Evaluating Good Urban Governance for Iranian Cities (A Case Study of Ahvaz)
Heydar Kazemi Bijan RahmaniUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, MoreUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, justifying and accountability in governing. This approach in urban management can produce the desired outputs for organizations and people. Municipality and Islamic council of Ahwaz which are the two important organizations in urban management in Ahwaz can use good governance approach in fulfilling their duties. In this article, the researchers use people’s judgment in a sample community about the performance of municipality and Islamic council to study how much compatibility exists between the performances of these public organizations with good governance principles. The researchers also use a questionnaire for collecting people’s judgment.The results of this survey showed that the average of citizens’ judgment about the consistency of municipal and city council performance with good governance values are 1.41 and 1.22. Respondents say that municipality and council performance in index of rule of law (with average 1.66) is low and in index of participation (with average 0.98) is very low. If we accept the respondents’ judgments about municipality in districts of Ahwaz municipality in this study, judgments show that the performance of municipality management in district 3 with an average of 1.26 has low compatibility with good governance values and municipality management in district 1 with an average of 0.94 has very low compatibility. Generally, the performance of municipality and council in terms of compliance with the principles of good governance, (with average of judgment about 1.31) in a range of 4 values between bad and good, is weak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Examining the aspects of advices in the illustrations of Kohmarreh Sorkhi region
Azim Jabbareh NaserouParables are one of the types of popular literature that have always been a suitable platform for reflecting the feelings, thoughts, beliefs, ideals, wishes and mood of human societies. One of the important features of parables is their instructive aspect. The Sorkhi tr MoreParables are one of the types of popular literature that have always been a suitable platform for reflecting the feelings, thoughts, beliefs, ideals, wishes and mood of human societies. One of the important features of parables is their instructive aspect. The Sorkhi tribe is one of the ancient Iranian tribes whom has lived in the southwest of Shiraz and in the Kohmarreh-Sorkhi area. These people speak the Sorkhi dialect and they have a rich oral literature. folktale is one of the most used types in the conversations of the people in this country. The author first collected four hundred and sixty-three tales, two hundred and eighty of them have an educational aspect, using the field method and using old people in different villages of this region. Using library resources and with a descriptive-analytical approach, he has examined and analyzed their instructional aspects. The importance and necessity of this research is to preserve an important part of the folk literature of this region, which is on the threshold of destruction. The findings of the research show many and diverse concepts of advice in the parables of the Sorkhi people. More than half of the parables in this area contain advice. The news to observe moral virtues and stay away from moral vices, work, marriage and raising children includes most of these concepts. The instructional concepts of these parables are classified into eight categories: teachings about moral virtues, teachings about moral vices, teachings about friends, enemies, and neighbors, and mixtures about livelihood. and asking for a living, teachings about advice to work, planning in effort, trusting work to assistants, teachings about marriage, teachings about raising children and the other issues, and teachings about awareness in knowing people in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - A Study the names of Animals in Laki proverbs
Yosof Ali Beiranvand Ghasem SahraiProverbs are short and pithy sentences which have abundant uses and are used by people to persuade each other. Each of the Iranian tribes has themselves proverbs, they have made them for their relationship with each other and sometimes with their nature. Among the peopl MoreProverbs are short and pithy sentences which have abundant uses and are used by people to persuade each other. Each of the Iranian tribes has themselves proverbs, they have made them for their relationship with each other and sometimes with their nature. Among the people of Lak, like other people, there are proverbs. The Lak is one of the Iranian tribes that live in provinces such as Lorestan, Ilam, Kermanshah, Hamedan and so on. The people of Lak speak the Lak language, which is one of the surviving languages of the Pahlavi language. The names of Animals are prominent in the proverbs of this language. This subject can indicate who they live in the mountains and relationship with animals. In this research, we have tried to study the names of animals in Laki proverbs by descriptive-analytical and field methods. So first we have written phonetics them, then translated them to Persian language and examined the position of their use. Finally, we have given equivalent proverbs that existed in Persian or other types of Iranian languages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - An Analysis of the Didactic Aspects of the Laki Parables in Delfan city
Farshad Eskandari SharafiParables, the most prominent types of popular literature, are the intellectual and cultural extract of human societies, which have always echoed the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, miseries, desires, ideals and customs of different ethnic groups. Parables have many feature MoreParables, the most prominent types of popular literature, are the intellectual and cultural extract of human societies, which have always echoed the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, miseries, desires, ideals and customs of different ethnic groups. Parables have many features, the most important of which being the didactic one. The Laks are one of the original and cultured Iranian tribes live mostly in the west and southwest of the country. This Iranian ethnic group speak the Laki language and has a rich oral literature, particularly in parables. This study, which has a descriptive-analytical method, is done using library resources and field data, the significance of advice and its most prominent categories in the parables of the Laki-speakers in Delfan have been investigated. The results reveal many varied concepts of advice in the content and theme of the parables, in which the effect suggests that Laki-speakers advocate advice. The thematic variety of advice in Laki parables encompasses 10 major categories in various areas of life, including: moral virtues and ordering them, forbidding moral vices, teachings of managing affairs, responsibilities and problems, raising a child, relationships and social interactions, livelihood, language and speech, partnership and economic issues, about work, striving and seizing opportunities, and teachings of companionship, friendship and enmity. In this study, 50 Laki parables related to these categories have been selected, reviewed and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Farming, the songs of reap of the Bakhteyary Society
mandana jamshidian This study investigated the culture, the way of living, beliefs, traditions, music, and the literature in the Bakhteyary society. The colloquial literature which is the spiritual art of any nation includes proverbs, riddle, songs, allegory, local poetry and work More This study investigated the culture, the way of living, beliefs, traditions, music, and the literature in the Bakhteyary society. The colloquial literature which is the spiritual art of any nation includes proverbs, riddle, songs, allegory, local poetry and work poem. The work poem consists of the singer emotions and the circumstance of the work position. The poems of the singers while they are working lonely or together indicate the people life situation, their pains, sorrow, wishes, loves and their praise. This article aims to introduce the Bakhteyary society and their poetry specially when they are reaping and they sings tonic, to collect data the internet, library and the people were used in the Khozestsn and Chahar Mahale Bakhteyary provinces where the bakhteyary tribes are living in the form of migration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Redetection the connection of Safa-shahris with Khalajs and Ghashghayees
kavoos hasanali In the Khorambid (Fars province) except inhabitants of Safa-shahr (Khorami & Dehbid) which are more than 207 speak in Turkish other villages speak in Turkish too. Their present accent comes from long distance and origin from various historical fluctuat More In the Khorambid (Fars province) except inhabitants of Safa-shahr (Khorami & Dehbid) which are more than 207 speak in Turkish other villages speak in Turkish too. Their present accent comes from long distance and origin from various historical fluctuations and survives in various u-turns and tests different ups and downs. However, it is still alive and breathes with lots of pressures and transformations. Available historical references know Turkish-speaking Khorambid inhabitants of Khalaj Turkish people who came from central region of Iran to Fars and settled in Ghonghori and Bavanat. But the researches of the writer for the first time indicate that the present accent of Turkish-speaking people of ancient Ghonghori region and recent Khorami with lots of differences didn’t approach the Khalaj’s accent. This shows even the first Khalajis who have came to this area have the same accent of present Khalajis of other areas. Their language in company with other Turkish groups – particularly tribes of Ghashghayee race – changes in regard to the Persian languages. Considering all the performed researches – if removing the ignorance – we cannot express accurately where the origins of the most southern Turkish people are such as Khorambid and other Ghashghayee Turkish people. From where and when they came to Fars and with whom the race of each tribe has blood dependency. Perhaps, the most scientific way for comprehending this matter is to genetically analyze various races. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The singing genre of Bakhteyary’s colloquial literature
abas ghanbari odiviThe Iranian oral culture consists of different social groups and families. This culture continue of birthday to death and has something to say. It includes Sorrows. Happiness, wishes. ideas. The happiness that are created 0f works, living and cultural and economical beh MoreThe Iranian oral culture consists of different social groups and families. This culture continue of birthday to death and has something to say. It includes Sorrows. Happiness, wishes. ideas. The happiness that are created 0f works, living and cultural and economical behaviors make the individual pleased. This singing and the songs of happiness are found in colloquial literature. The study of such works and the their criticism are the specialists and people task. The function and the role of the happy songs impacts on increasing of products spiritual safe, social relationships, Iranian cultural inheritance transition and has valuable scientific validity. In this article the Bakhteyary’s colloquial literature in the Zagros area is studied and the texts are criticized. The work songs, lullabies forms the basic subjects of the investigating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Historical Analysis of the Obedience of the People of Shām to Muʿāwiyah (with a Focus on the Analysis of the Narrations of Their Praise and Condemnation in Nahj al-Balāghah)
akram sadat hoseini yahya mirhoseini kamal sahraei ArdakaniThe pure obedience of the people of Shām to Muʿāwiyah is a special and common language. In some statements of Nahj al-Balāghah, the people of Shām are presented with characteristics such as ignorance, meanness and baseness, violence, vileness, despicable, humiliation an MoreThe pure obedience of the people of Shām to Muʿāwiyah is a special and common language. In some statements of Nahj al-Balāghah, the people of Shām are presented with characteristics such as ignorance, meanness and baseness, violence, vileness, despicable, humiliation and rude servants. Some historians have stated that the reason for the compliance of the people of Shām is lack of intelligence, blind compliance, lack of thought and reflection, indifference to the news and hidden events. This is despite the fact that based on some propositions of Nahj al-Balāghah, the people of Shām are described as orderly, trustworthy, loyal and united, and even Imam Ali (as) wished: “I wish Muawiya would exchange ten Iraqis for one from Shām”. This research is descriptive-analytical, focusing on the Umayyad movement in Shām, and the reason for the pure compliance of the people of Shām. Among the results of this research is that although the people of Shām had special characteristics, but these characteristics were used by the Umayyad movement under the leadership of Muʿāwiyah to use the positive characteristics of the people of Shām by relying on their pre-Islamic beliefs and policies that fit their spirit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The role of history and geography in interpreting and deciphering of Surah Saba verses # 18-19
Hamzeh Ghorbani mohsen TavakoliBetter impact of the verses of the Holy Quran on the audience, requires a clear illustration of them, and this is done in the historical stories of the Qur'an using history and geography sciences. One of these stories is the instructive story of the people of Saba in Su MoreBetter impact of the verses of the Holy Quran on the audience, requires a clear illustration of them, and this is done in the historical stories of the Qur'an using history and geography sciences. One of these stories is the instructive story of the people of Saba in Surah Saba. Saba (sheba) and the Sabaeans (shebaeans) have been studied in various researches, But so far no research has been done on the blessed cities and interconnected villages mentioned in Surah Saba verses 18 and 19. In various interpretations of the Holy Qur'an, explanations have been given as speculation or different narrations, but all of them lack a scientific basis. This research with the help of historical-geographical documents as well as rational principles, by scientifically examining the regions mentioned in these two verses, has provided a clear picture of the verses and has come to the conclusion that the regions in these two verses can not be very far from the mainland of Saba, and most likely, the Qur'an refers to the suburbs of present-day Ma'rib in Yemen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Historical trend of Interpretative Thoughts of »Alāst verses«: A Critical Reviewing and Innovating
Seyyed hossein KarimpourThe study of mysterious contents of Alāst verses (Arāf «i.e. The Heights»: 172 -174) has long been considered by scholars of hadith, Interpreters, and muslim thinkers. looking at the views expressed on "Alāst" in the history of Islamic thought, reflects MoreThe study of mysterious contents of Alāst verses (Arāf «i.e. The Heights»: 172 -174) has long been considered by scholars of hadith, Interpreters, and muslim thinkers. looking at the views expressed on "Alāst" in the history of Islamic thought, reflects a continuous effort to provide new thoughts in the interpretation of these verses, an interpretation that is persuasive, and reflects the intricate and ambiguous aspects of the Verse while compatible with the appearances of verses and religious principles. The present article, by applying a descriptive-analytic method, has developed a new theory after originating the views and evaluating the interpretive thoughts of the Alāst verses.The result of the research has led to this meaning that the difference in commentators` opinions, more than arising from complexity of the contents of verses, is influenced by extreme attention to narratives, neglection of the damage of exaggeration and Isrâelites. Also the present study is being more reflected on the words, combinations, and style of the verses further emphasizes that the contents of Alāst verses, not only is a common covenant for all human beings, but also is a special event for those who were so pernickety and dissenter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Qur'anic and Narrative Investigation of the Reasons for the Companionship and Cooperation of Some Prophets with the Rulers of Their Time
Hossein Nori Farajbehzad Vakilabad Alireza AbdolrahimiThe idea of government is one of the most fundamental issues and debates that man has been dealing with since he understood the concept of society and tried to create it. Every society has been governed by some form of government since its emergence; therefore, the issu MoreThe idea of government is one of the most fundamental issues and debates that man has been dealing with since he understood the concept of society and tried to create it. Every society has been governed by some form of government since its emergence; therefore, the issue of government and rulers is a well-known matter in the field of human culture and human societies. Only the existing differences, which are sometimes very basic and fundamental, cause the government and its concept to face many reflections and reactions, and even some, as anarchist groups, challenge the necessity of the existence of the government and demand societies without governor and government. Examples of it in Islamic societies can be found in the extreme attitude of the Kharijites with the slogan lā ḥukma illā lillāh. Against these extremist groups, some confirm the necessity of the existence of the government and insist on its serious presence that they even invade the private sphere and personal privacy and do not respect anything called privacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Rate of Blind Usage of Information and Communication Technology for Meeting Informational Needs
Hasan Siamian Mohammad Hassanzadeh Fatemeh Nooshinfard Nadjla HaririThis study aimed to assess the blind usage of ICT and special information media for meeting the information needs. Regarding the purpose, this research was applied and regarding the data collection, it was analytic which conducted in 2012. The statistical sample size de MoreThis study aimed to assess the blind usage of ICT and special information media for meeting the information needs. Regarding the purpose, this research was applied and regarding the data collection, it was analytic which conducted in 2012. The statistical sample size determined based on the Krejcie & Morgan table was 384. The data was collected using a researcher made questionnaire with 0.85 reliability coefficient. For data analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percent and inferential statistics including the Friedman test and Binomial test were used. Results of the study of certain information media showed that item "listening" had the highest usage and items "Podcast" and "Vodcast" had no application. Most of the blind people's use of special information resource was "listening" and the lowest use of information resources of the blind people was "talking". More than half of the blind people used lower than the average size of Information Technology (electronic and internet resources). The most frequently used of the tool and technology for the blind people was "computer" and least used was "blog design and blogging". From the viewpoint of the blind people, the most resources required for training and guiding were the use of special software; guidance of librarians and talking books and the minimum of needed resource was "self-training". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Actions and Interaction of Ethnic Groups in Cyberspace: Opportunities and Challenges
علی اشرف نظری مجتبی قلی پورAbstract The profound changes that have occurred in information technology, communication, industrial technology and internet have great impact on human individual and social life. Nowadays understanding the world politics, culture, economy and society is not possible MoreAbstract The profound changes that have occurred in information technology, communication, industrial technology and internet have great impact on human individual and social life. Nowadays understanding the world politics, culture, economy and society is not possible without understanding the role of internet. That is why researchers and writers in various disciplines of knowledge are doing serious research about the impact of internet on different aspects of life. The impact of this technology on the emergence and spread of new forms of social interaction between different groups of a society is very important. The present article tries to explain why different groups of the society have welcomed interaction in cyberspace. The paper also examines the facilities and opportunities as well as threats and challenges which have been created by the use of internet. This question finds importance in view of subjects like principle of national identity, national solidarity and national sovereignty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Analysis of the Behavioral Actions of the Republican People's Party of Turkey towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Abdulmutallab Abdollah Ramin Valizadeh Meidani Sina FekriThe formation of the Republic of Turkey after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of political parties in spite of the one-party atmosphere in the first year of the Turkish Republic created an atmosphere of democratic competition between the parties. Th MoreThe formation of the Republic of Turkey after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of political parties in spite of the one-party atmosphere in the first year of the Turkish Republic created an atmosphere of democratic competition between the parties. The Republican People's Party, the first political party in Turkey, is currently the largest opposition in the ruling party. The purpose of this article is to explain the position of the Republican People's Party towards the Islamic Republic of Iran. Accordingly, the main question of this research is: what role do the Republican People's Party's identity ideas play in its position towards the Islamic Republic of Iran? The author of the article hypothesizes that the Republican People's Party's identity approaches influence the party's positions. This article analyzes the role of identity paradigms in the positions of the Republican People's Party by using descriptive-analytical methods and using library documents. This research is of practical purpose. The findings of the article show that the behavior of the Republican People's Party towards the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on cooperative policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - the Hazaras in the Transition Period (2001-2009); Challenges and Opportunities
behnam sarkail ali valiEthnic diversity in Afghanistan is one of the main distinctive aspects of the socio-political structure and the root of many of its equations. However, lack of planning and proper utilization of various identity parameters such as language, religion and ethnicity have c MoreEthnic diversity in Afghanistan is one of the main distinctive aspects of the socio-political structure and the root of many of its equations. However, lack of planning and proper utilization of various identity parameters such as language, religion and ethnicity have caused disagreements, dispersal and hostility among different ethnic groups and people. Factors such as the presence of extremist currents such as the Taliban have made smaller ethnic groups such as Hazaras face serious challenges in addition to some ethnic differences, including religious differences. In this paper, the descriptive-analytical method is attempted to answer the question of what is the status of Hazaras in the new era and what are the opportunities and challenges facing Hazaras? The hypothesis is that the Hazaras nowadays have many opportunities, such as the possibility of formal participation and participation in the political structure of power, the recognition of the Shia religion, but still with challenges such as security threats, cultural challenges. . The result of the study is that radical figures and currents in Afghanistan demand that the Hazaras remain in their traditional and ethnic structures and that they are not dispersed throughout the Afghan society under pretexts such as ethnic and religious differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Economic and Military Take off of China and its Security Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran
محمدعلی بصیری معصومه رشیدAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran a MoreAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran and Syrian crisis both the countries have had similar stand. What will be the security consequences of the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States for Islamic Republic of Iran? The present article wants to examine the consequences of this event within the framework of Barry Buzan security approach. The Underlying assumption is; that after the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States the international system undergoes change and the United States no longer be able to dominate or put pressure on Iran or jeopardize Iran's security. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical and collection of data is library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Factors Affecting the Voting Pattern of People of Ardal City in the Elections of Majlis Islamic Council
Hosseinali Ghajari Ahmad Azin Heidar ZafariThe present article wants to examine the social factors effective on the pattern of voting of the people of Ardal city in the elections of Majlis Islamic Council and the nature and characteristic of this pattern. With this aim in view and in order to answer the main que MoreThe present article wants to examine the social factors effective on the pattern of voting of the people of Ardal city in the elections of Majlis Islamic Council and the nature and characteristic of this pattern. With this aim in view and in order to answer the main question of the article a theoretical framework comprising of functionalism، group pressure and conformity have been used and from these theories nine hypotheses relating to the main question have been extracted. These hypotheses have been tested by a field work survey. In this direction، after giving operational definition of the variables and making use of the questionnaire drafted by the author in which cronbach’s alpha is equal to 0.78 then by making use of Cochran formula the volume of the sample have been decided as 330 person after that the questionnaire have been distributed and then collected، processed and then analyzed. The findings of the study have been analyzed by the help of descriptive statistics and modeling of structural equation. The result and finding of this analysis are as follows: religious belief، education، political influence، social status، executive experience were recognized as the voting pattern of the people of Ardal city. In this direction the variables of reference group with gamma coefficient of 0.31 and coefficient of determination 10 per cent، propaganda with gamma of 0.30 and coefficient of determination 9 per cent، friend’s group with gamma of 0.32 and coefficient of determination 11 per cent، political socialization with gamma of 0.40 and coefficient of determination of 16 per cent، common people with gamma of 0.15 and coefficient of determination of 4 per cent، pressure of group with gamma of 0.26 and coefficient of determination7 per cent، family with gamma of 0.25 and coefficient of determination of 6 per cent، tribe affiliation on the whole with gamma of 0.25 and coefficient of determination of 18 per cent had its significance on choosing this pattern . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Development Orientation of China and its political Repercussions
Mohammad Reza Rostami Javad ZeraatpaymaThe People’s Republic of China، after the passage of three decades of Maoist revolution changed its macro-economic، political and ideological orientations. The aim of the above changes was the survival of communist party in China and promotion of its power and inf MoreThe People’s Republic of China، after the passage of three decades of Maoist revolution changed its macro-economic، political and ideological orientations. The aim of the above changes was the survival of communist party in China and promotion of its power and influence outside. This turn in policies which included improvement of relationship with West and neighbouring countries and attraction of foreign investment and technology was conspicuous and decisive، especially in the field of economy and it led to a rapid economic development of China. The economic development strategy of China was pursued by renouncing many socialist values and socialist economy principles and it strengthened the values and principles of free market. Although this economic development has promoted the international status of China but it has led to internal challenges in political arena especially in the long term. As the tangible achievements of development policies yields fruit these challenges show themselves. Thus there is a need for a reform or a change in the political structure and these changes are among the most important challenges for China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Military Modernization of China: Objectives, Strategies
Saeed Vosoghi SayyedHesamoddin Mosavi mohecen bagiIn 1990 decade after the realization of the importance of sophisticated weapons in the Persian Gulf war (1990-1991), the process of revolution in military affairs, the increasing strategic concern due to the challenges posed by the United States to the military interest MoreIn 1990 decade after the realization of the importance of sophisticated weapons in the Persian Gulf war (1990-1991), the process of revolution in military affairs, the increasing strategic concern due to the challenges posed by the United States to the military interests of China in Taiwan, the emergence of Japan as a regional military power and also the military power of India and its increasing regional influence which made the occurrence of war more possible, one witnesses China’s inclination towards defence technology and modernization of People’s Liberation Army(PLA). Therefore in security thinking of China the priority of improving the military power has reached the level of priority of economic development. In this direction the Chinese leaders in the past decade taking into consideration the above changes have set strategic goals and adjusted their defence policies and have achieved enormous progress in defence technological field Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Democratic Peace Model and Cultural Diversity
Mehdi BaratalipourAbstract: John Rawls model of “democratic peace” by recognizing “peoples” and distinguishing between the “democrat liberal”, “hierarchical nobles”, “Burdened”, “Benevolent Absolutism” societies and MoreAbstract: John Rawls model of “democratic peace” by recognizing “peoples” and distinguishing between the “democrat liberal”, “hierarchical nobles”, “Burdened”, “Benevolent Absolutism” societies and outlaw governments in international arena visualizes international justice in line of “reasonability” and not rationality in relations among the countries. This concept of justice puts aside universal moral foundation in favour of “political overlapping consensus”. Now the question is whether this model of democratic peace recognizes cultural diversity in international arena. The critical argument of the present paper is this model is trying to recognize this diversity with taking advantage of the concept of reasonable pluralism, but eventually it also leads to a dream of universal utopian image of the moral foundations necessary for well-ordered international community, in a way which can proceed to humanitarian intervention and just war against the detestable “other”. The finding of the study is that by certain modifications in “democratic peace model” we can consider it successful in recognition of cultural diversity. Therefore, on the basis of this modification democratic peace by offering a “minimal approach”, “conceptual essentialism” and “realistic-utopian view” neutralizes cultural radical relativism and universalistic liberalism in world policy making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - . A Sociological Studying on Sustainable Public Participation in Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Urban Distressed Areas (UDRs) – (Studied Case: UDRs of Tehran City)
maryam maleki Mehrdad Navabakhsh Meisam Moosaei Ali Baghaei SarabiScattering of worn-out areas in the 22 districts of Tehran is a major challenge for the city. The Fifth Development Plan mandated a 10% revitalization of worn-out areas that could not be carried out by the unilateral entry of the Ministry of Road &Urban development. MoreScattering of worn-out areas in the 22 districts of Tehran is a major challenge for the city. The Fifth Development Plan mandated a 10% revitalization of worn-out areas that could not be carried out by the unilateral entry of the Ministry of Road &Urban development. In the Sixth Development Plan, the issue was refined and 21 city offices were required to play a role, but evaluations showed that goals were not realized due to top-down planning and very low public participation. Therefore, the main issue is to examine the status of people's participation as the real beneficiaries of these programs. Using a qualitative- quantitative (questionnaires, interviews) method, and drawing on a descriptive-analytical approach and grounded theory, collected information including reasons, motivations, values, beliefs, and experiences of the inhabitants of the worn-out urban areas were analyzed. of their information and awareness. According to the theoretical framework of the research, participation stems from building trust, raising awareness, and empowerment of the residents- a topic that has not been adequately addressed in development programs. The findings of the study indicated that the level of public participation is low due to lack of awareness and information, which is contrary to the goals of the programs which, in turn results in the weakening of social trust and deepening cultural, social and economic poverty in worn-out urban areas. The multidimensionality of these challenges calls for the necessity of using multiple and simultaneous tools and programs. In this way information, education, improvement of social service experience, reinforcement of social responsibility and empowerment along with the use of the Block Chain as an information platform on security, transparency and trust can be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The Role of Numbers Three, Seven and Forty in Iranian Culture (Relying on Iranian transitions in Bakhtiari folk culture)
hasan Atash ab parvar Esmaeil sangari mohamadkarim yousof jamali shoko arabiIn everyday life, we play the role of numbers in our rituals, beliefs, and beliefs in all aspects of nomadic, rural, and urban life. Some of these numbers have long-standing links to our beliefs and their etymology makes us aware of the reasons for their popularity. The MoreIn everyday life, we play the role of numbers in our rituals, beliefs, and beliefs in all aspects of nomadic, rural, and urban life. Some of these numbers have long-standing links to our beliefs and their etymology makes us aware of the reasons for their popularity. These are sometimes religious and sometimes mythical reasons. In this article, we try to study the role of numbers in rituals, customs and traditions that were or are performed in the culture of the Iranian people, and especially in the transitional rituals in the three stages of birth, marriage and death. Explain the importance and reason for their continuity throughout history as much as possible. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and the results of this research indicate that the mythical sanctity and repetition of a number have affected its importance and presence in popular culture. And the numbers of the Iranian tribes were not just for counting but were closely related to their symbols and beliefs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Moral doctrine of fulfilling the promises in mystical texts
Mahin Panahi soraya karimi YunjaliThis study tries to answer this question, what place does faith have in wayfarer's position and to what extent this moral virtue has been considered in didactic and mystical texts and mystics doctrines? Although fulfilling the promise is not considered to be the main po MoreThis study tries to answer this question, what place does faith have in wayfarer's position and to what extent this moral virtue has been considered in didactic and mystical texts and mystics doctrines? Although fulfilling the promise is not considered to be the main position, it can be regarded as a subsidiary position and it is the queen of prominent moral and mystical doctrine. In educational books of mystics, there are issues about the fulfilling the promise of God, fulfilling the promise people and fulfilling the promise of oneself. Fulfilling the promises is the principle and conditions of Sheikh (leader) and Morid (disciple) Hajj customs, Sama customs, sign of friendship and sign of mystics and Sufis manliness. Furthermore, most mystics have recognized sincerity as the fulfilling the promises Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Assess the quality of urban environment in new towns according to people satisfaction (case study city of Alvand in Qazvin province)
E. sami S. falahpour A.A. jafarlocity of human biology bed and actually forming human life style and determine the quality of life and his satisfaction. improve the quality of life of it is important that can be other fields , such as the development of the development of social, economic, and robbed b Morecity of human biology bed and actually forming human life style and determine the quality of life and his satisfaction. improve the quality of life of it is important that can be other fields , such as the development of the development of social, economic, and robbed by the service. for improving the quality of life in any society, one of the most important goals of public policies that society. By the same token , with the aim of the present study measure of the quality of the urban environment with regard to the satisfaction of the people. work in this descriptive and analytical - based on regression correlation statistical methods. collecting information on the basis of a library field observations questionnaire and complete. with the formula of Cochrane sample volume 110 number per person a number of statistical of 88000 city of Alvand and selected at random and then to analyse the variables study, which included housing units, factors anatomical, functional, cultural and social welfare, natural, and service spss software was used. The results indicate that the level of satisfaction with variable factors and welfare services have the greatest positive impact on satisfaction Alvand city (467/0) and variable natural factors (123/0), the city's residents, the lowest satisfaction. Given the low to the satisfaction of natural factors, in the affairs of urban construction and use of materials and how proofing and angle and to build with regard to the temperature and the sun, the participation of most of the engineers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Analysis of smart city indicators in Zahedan City
Mohammad Akram Jamshidzehi Maryam Karimian Bostani Masoume Hafez RezazadehThe Smart City According to the latest theories of urban management, it is a city based on information and communication technology to best serve citizens.Therefore, the research has analyzed the indicators of smart city in Zahedan city.The type of research is applied a MoreThe Smart City According to the latest theories of urban management, it is a city based on information and communication technology to best serve citizens.Therefore, the research has analyzed the indicators of smart city in Zahedan city.The type of research is applied and based on descriptive-analytical approaches. Library and field methods have been used to collect information.The statistical population of the study was based on the 2016 census of citizens of Zahedan(587730 people) and the sample size using Cochran's method was 384 people with a reliability of 0.894. Data analysis was performed using one-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis in SPSS and mapping was performed using ARCGIS capabilities. One-sample t-test results show that among the indicators examined in Zahedan, the smart people index with an average of 2.96 had the highest score and the smart governance index with an average of 2.56 had the lowest score, which is lower than the desired level (3).ANOVA test results showed that the indices smart city and five districts in the city of Zahedan except in from the smart environmental index, there is a significant relationship.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that among the indicators and the implementation of smart city smart city there is a significant relationship, In this regard, the smart mobility index with a beta value of 0.236 has the highest impact and the smart people index with a beta value of 0.209 has the least effect on the realization of the smart city in Zahedan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - A study of the ifissues and problems of the exploitation of the irrigation and drainage networks and significance of people’s participation( Case study: Ardak dam basin )
alireza bani vaheb esmat mazlomTo provide the food necessities have been a major priority of government projects through recent decades. So, development of agriculture has been considered as a pivot. The lack of water resources because of rising the demand in agriculture, industry, drinking water an MoreTo provide the food necessities have been a major priority of government projects through recent decades. So, development of agriculture has been considered as a pivot. The lack of water resources because of rising the demand in agriculture, industry, drinking water and environment (as a result of growing population) has brought up the maximum utilization of existing water resources and the improvement of exploitation and production. In country such as Iran, which water contains a limit potential, the development of agriculture is dependent to it. Thus the existing utilized water and the utilizable one do not meet agriculture development process and growing population’s food. So management of optimum utilization of water along with demand management are important factors to make possible the firm development in economy and agriculture. Leaving the management of systems to private sector or utilizers and their participations are of the proper policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Evaluating process of people participation recon-struction of earthquake settlement (Case stydy: Shirvan County)
حسین فراهانی رضا خوشرفتار مجتبی حاجی پورWe meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of p MoreWe meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of people in performance reconstruction projects, that in addition to people,s satisfaction can reach excusable results from success dimension in promotion of goals.This subject indicates closely relation between people and reconstruction projects. The goal of research is evalution of people participation process in reconstruction of damage settlement. Case study is Shirvan county from Brourjerd town ship that faces with serious destruction with in earthquake in 2006. The research is based on analysis-correlative method required data has collected with use of quastionaire acquired results from this evalutions indicate that besides the great impotance of attention to people,s request and interests eapecially in rural area and also lake of experiences other countries fromm failure of this projects for participation of people again suffered people and their demands has not observed at whole frame and financial dimensions with in reconstruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Park-Bazaars, Step in Urban Sustainable Development (Case Study: City of Langeroud)
akbar motamedimehr abozar MotidoostPark-Bazaar is a new concept in field of City and Urban Planning. In this particular type of markets, in addition to commercial and business space, is considered park or special green space, with the entertainment function for customers. Langeroud’s Park-Bazaar, t MorePark-Bazaar is a new concept in field of City and Urban Planning. In this particular type of markets, in addition to commercial and business space, is considered park or special green space, with the entertainment function for customers. Langeroud’s Park-Bazaar, that undoubtedly is one of the first cases and examples of these special markets in Iran, is located in fringe of this northern city. Study method is as kind of descriptive- analytical studies and based on both library and field studies method. This research is followed to study the role of Langeroud’s Park-Bazaar in urban sustainable development. In this way it is tried to study the role of park and entertainment green space in attracting of people to this collection, with Exploration in the characteristics of people and customers. The results of this study indicate that parks and urban green spaces, in addition increase the number of customers for markets and shopping centers adjacent to it, will be cause : high environmental quality, population and economic prospering, at least wasting customers opportunity and time with obtaining their diverse needs of them in a set, increase presence of families and subsequently strengthen the fundamental values of society, increase presence of children and juvenescent with their families and subsequently to secure more these sets, increase morale of vivacity, establish Cultural and social Interactions and etc In such sets. All these factors show that combination of commercial-business functions with entertainment-passing leisure time function in a single set called "Park-Bazaar" can be promising new ways for doing urban sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Farmers’ Attitude toward the Soil Conservation Practices in the Kushk-Abad Catchment Basins in the Province of Khorasan Razavi, Iran
Bahram Mohammadi Golrang S.H.R Sadeghi Ali Vahedi -
Open Access Article
133 - Social Evaluation The Effect of Welfare Organization's Empowerment Plans on Quality of Life in the Kerman Khalkhal
eghbaleh azizkhaniThe purpose of this study was to evaluate social evaluation of the effect of Welfare Organization's empowerment programs on the quality of life of elderly people in Khalkhal city. The theoretical framework of this research is theories; the Grebium social environment, Jo MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate social evaluation of the effect of Welfare Organization's empowerment programs on the quality of life of elderly people in Khalkhal city. The theoretical framework of this research is theories; the Grebium social environment, John Creet's community-based rehabilitation programs, Green-based systems, Ondrich and Ladikka, Yin-Chen community-based programs, and old-fashioned capital theory of theory. Research method has been survey. The sample consisted of 60 subjects (30 controls, 30 control groups) selected from among elderly people in Khalkhal city. Required information was collected using a questionnaire technique. The results show that there is a difference between the two test and control groups, so that the elderly who have participated in empowerment programs and received meaningful services have a higher quality of life. Also, the results of multiple regression show that elderly empowerment programs predict 55% of the variance in the quality of life of the elderly. Considering the positive results obtained in this study, considering the lower cost of these programs, expansion of these programs seems necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Study of Psycho-social motivations and influencing the youth sports Cyber Games (Case Study: Yazd University students)
مهربان پارسا مهر سیدپویا رسولی نژاد هادی میرزاییان مفردThe purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study MoreThe purpose of this study the psycho-social motivations influencing the youth sports Cyber Games among students of Yazd University that Theoretical framework to explain the problem and determine the benefit and satisfaction of views and replication were used. The study was conducted as a survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The survey Yazd University students that the sample size was determined based on a formula Cochran 380. In terms of when the study was conducted in the academic year 1394-1393. The results show that all the independent variables and the dependent variable was positive and significant relationship. According to regression analysis, five variables feel a sense of competitiveness, the formation of identity, violence and social interaction in a total of 31% of the variation of cyber games sports explain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - An Analysis of the Stagnation Causes of the Iranian Political Culture
Shahram Ghazizadeh Garineh Keshishyan Siraki -
Open Access Article
136 - Justice among Peoples and Decency of Iranian People
Morteza Bahrani -
Open Access Article
137 - The Role of Using Internet by Students in Political Participation. (Case study: Islamic Azad University Students in Kerman 88- 89)
Behnaz Azhdari -
Open Access Article
138 - A Comparative Study of the Impact of Social Political Developments of the Last Century in Iran on the Political Decisions of Imam Khomeini before and after the Islamic Revolution
Morteza Mohammadzadeh Abdolreza Baghi Morteza Abazari -
Open Access Article
139 - Youth Attendance Foundation Data Analysis and Election Tools: A Case Study of the 11th & 12th Presidential Elections
Mohsen Amiri سیمین حاجی پور ساردویی Mojtaba Maghsoudi Reza Kavyani -
Open Access Article
140 - People-centered principle with emphasis on cooperatives in the general policies of resistance economy
rasool ahmadi beni faramarz atrian seyed mohammad mahdi ghamamyManaging affairs by relying on public participation and votes is one of the important and unchanging principles of the Constitution. In addition, according to the constitution, taking advantage of the economic participation of the people and creating its grounds is one MoreManaging affairs by relying on public participation and votes is one of the important and unchanging principles of the Constitution. In addition, according to the constitution, taking advantage of the economic participation of the people and creating its grounds is one of the duties of the government. This issue has been emphasized. Considering this importance, the general policies of the resistance economy have also based their foundations on the people-organizational economy and have turned their attention to the cooperative economy. The development of cooperation in order to realize the principle of people-centeredness requires a strong national determination and the creation of necessary legal and legal measures to pave the way and remove the obstacles on this path. In this research, the subject was investigated with an analytical method and while defining the resistance economy, the laws related to the people-centered principle were analyzed and finally the conclusion was reached that the general policies of the resistance economy in order to realize the people-centered principle. It is central and many laws are directly and indirectly related to this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Analytical study of the views of Fadl al-Rahman in the book The main themes of the Qur'an
fatemah alaqebandi Mehrdad AbbasiThe main themes of the Qur'an are one of the most important works of Fadl al-Rahman in resolving the conflict between Islam and the modern world. In this work, he reminds us that if our understanding of the Qur'an is based on the main spirit of the Qur'an, namely Qur'an MoreThe main themes of the Qur'an are one of the most important works of Fadl al-Rahman in resolving the conflict between Islam and the modern world. In this work, he reminds us that if our understanding of the Qur'an is based on the main spirit of the Qur'an, namely Qur'anic ethics, we will receive a single and coherent message and meaning of the Qur'an. This book can be considered as a coherent report on the contents of the Qur'an with a new perspective and in this respect it is an important and valuable book. In this book, after an introduction in expressing his views on the method of interpretation of traditional commentators and referring to the views of Westerners about the Qur'an, Fazl-ur-Rehman examines the important themes of the Qur'an in eight chapters. The present study seeks to answer the question that what are the most important contents and theories of Fadl al-Rahman in the book of the main themes of the Qur'an and how it is analyzed? In order to answer this question, the achievements of this research are examined through descriptive-analytical in four sections: 1- Belief opinions 2- Social-legal opinions 3- Ethical opinionsalDefinitions of al-Prefix1variant spelling of ad- assimilated before -l (as in alleviate, allocate ).Suffix1(forming adjectives) relating to; of the kind of.1the chemical element aluminum.Abbreviation1Alabama (in official postal use).3 more definitions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The Masculinity of the Golden Calf; An Analysis Based on Archetypal Criticism
Zahrā Mohagheghiyān The story of the Golden calf is one of the most important stories of the Holy Quran which is also mentioned several times in the Torah. Along with many questions about the story, what is important is the reason for choosing the calf from a variety More The story of the Golden calf is one of the most important stories of the Holy Quran which is also mentioned several times in the Torah. Along with many questions about the story, what is important is the reason for choosing the calf from a variety of totemic animals. Why does Samiri choose a calf among all animals? Why is the calf represented as masculine in the Holy Quran? Basically, what is the purpose of telling the story and alluding to a male calf in the verses of the Holy Quran? By exploring the cultural beliefs of Mesopotamian and Semitic people, in the present article, first, the attempt is made to examine the features of calf in terms of its ritual and symbolic importance. Then, the semantic context of the Qur'anic verse referring to the gender of the calf is examined. The article uses archetypal criticism and Jungian ideas with an analytical and comparative approach to the Holy Quran and The Holy Scripture. Findings of the study indicate that the masculinity of the calf is a theme with a special meaning and is used as a rejection of some customs of the Age of Ignorance about the sanctity of natural objects. Since attention to gender did not play much role in the Abrahamic religions, so in later periods it was not raised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Story of the Tree and The Child of the People and the Myth of Medusa: A Comparative Study Based on the Theory of Castration Anxiety
Amir Hossein ZanjanbarFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art MoreFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art based on the theory of castration anxiety, and believes that psychological stories, like psycho-biographies, can be analyzed from psychoanalytic point of view. In the present article, the short story of The Tree and The Child of the People, by Abdolmajid Najafi, a psychological story, has been compared with the myth of Medusa, and a psychoanalytic reading of these two texts has been made. The purpose of this comparison is to show that both the myths and the contemporary child and adolescent stories are projections of human inner psyche. The article seeks to answer how castration anxiety is represented in the story of The Tree and The Child of the People and the myth of Medusa. The research, at first by using analytical-descriptive method, decodes the story, and then compares its theme with the psychological characteristics of Medusa from Freudian point of view. The results show that the theme of phallic stage, as one of the stages of psychosexual development, has always been present throughout history, from the myths made by primitive humans to the contemporary stories of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Strategy of Moving away from People; A Comparative Study Based on the Views of Jalāl-a-Din Rūmi and Karen Horney
Shahram Mahmoodi Ebrahim Danesh Faramarz JalalatMany of our psychological sufferings are rooted in the way our parents treated us in our childhood. Neo-Freudian psychologist, Karen Horney established the theory of neurosis on the basis of the psychological sufferings and their consequences. Horney believes that a neu MoreMany of our psychological sufferings are rooted in the way our parents treated us in our childhood. Neo-Freudian psychologist, Karen Horney established the theory of neurosis on the basis of the psychological sufferings and their consequences. Horney believes that a neurotic person resorts to "moving toward people" (compliance), "moving against people" (aggression) and "moving away from people" (withdrawal), but these mechanisms are a temporary relief and may lead to the patient's discomfort. Jalāl-a-Din Rūmi, as a mystic who closely monitored the behavior of different classes of people, relying on Islamic knowledge and teachings, has presented solutions for the treatment of neuroticism, which have similarities with Horney's defense mechanisms. The present article, by using analytical-comparative method, examines the different manifestations of "moving away from people" in Masnavi Manavi. The results show that neurotic withdrawal has more manifestations in the behavior of characters of Masnavi. Also, Rūmi attaches great importance to dialogue in the process of human evolution, and considers "moving away from people" as permissible if there is no possibility of dialogue. He considers several types of withdrawal such as mystical, social and neurotic, and considers neurotic withdrawal as a result of factors such as ignorance, jealousy, hatred, lack of understanding of the causes of human differences and lack of mutual understanding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Moderating Role of Coping Styles in the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Obsession Death among the Elderly
Ali TaghvaeiniaThe aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of coping styles in the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death in the elderly. Three hundred and twenty six elderly people (185 males, 141 females) were selected from Noorabad Mamasani, Iran by MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of coping styles in the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death in the elderly. Three hundred and twenty six elderly people (185 males, 141 females) were selected from Noorabad Mamasani, Iran by convenient sampling. The participants completed the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), the Coping Styles Questionnaire (Park, 2007) and the Death Obsession Scale (Abdel-khalek, 1998). The data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The results indicated that secure attachment style and positive coping style related to obsession death significantly and negatively. The insecure attachment styles and negative coping style related to obsession death significantly and c positive The. positivelyoping style predicted lower scores in obsession death. The positive coping style moderated the relationship between attachment styles and obsession death. The findings suggested that increasing level of positive coping style weakened the relationship between insecure attachment styles and obsession death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Comparison and Conflict of US- Heshad al-Sha'bi Security Approach in Iraq; Procedure and Perspective
toraj afshon Abdolhossein AllahkaramAbstract: The people security is, in fact, a new concept that, with the formation of a "popular mobilization" in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and in Iraq, after ISIL's crackdown, formed part of its territory with the authority, in such a way that the prese MoreAbstract: The people security is, in fact, a new concept that, with the formation of a "popular mobilization" in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979, and in Iraq, after ISIL's crackdown, formed part of its territory with the authority, in such a way that the presence of the ideological elements and the people are prominent in its structure. It can now be argued that the closure of a branch as a public ideological structure actually filled the gap caused by "the ineffectiveness of the structure constructed by the occupiers in the post-fallen period of Saddam" and turned into an intrinsic, efficient and capable force, in the field of security for the community and government in Iraq. The present paper seeks to explain that it is important to rely on people in military- security areas to be more efficient than dependence, and Heshad al-Sha'bi, in spite of some challenges, has had great achievements in the military security scene. To the point that the ineffectiveness of Washington's military security agenda was further enhanced, and pushed the prospect of "building security based on ideological and popular beliefs." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Relationship between the Authority and the Legitimacy in the Islamic Political System
Ali Larijani Gholamreza Gholami AbarestanAbstract In the common political terminology, legitimacy is defined as "the acceptance of people's right to exert authority". From the Islamic point of view, legitimacy is not defined just based on the above principle and therefore the legitimacy of a political sy MoreAbstract In the common political terminology, legitimacy is defined as "the acceptance of people's right to exert authority". From the Islamic point of view, legitimacy is not defined just based on the above principle and therefore the legitimacy of a political system and its religious are intertwined. So the definition of legitimacy from the Islam's point of view differs from that of current political terminology. In order to get a proper understanding of the relation between the concepts of authority and legitimacy in the Islamic political system, the researcher has first examined the definition of authority and the various perspectives of experts on the issue. Then the relation between the concepts of legitimacy and authority in the Islamic literature has been investigated. The researcher then tried to elucidate the definition of legitimacy in the Islamic thinking and also the current perspectives in this regard. Next in the research, people’s stance and the role they play in the political legitimacy and authority was probed and in doing so, the role and position of legitimacy and its realization in the Islamic political system and its effect on the authority of the Islamic government was touched on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Recognising the Value of Traditional Knowledge
Dana Kelly -
Open Access Article
149 - Rangelands Goods and Services Local People Views and Priorities (Case Study: Hezarjarib Rangelands, Mazandaran Province, Iran)
Mohammad Reza Shahraki Naghmeh Gholami Baghi Mohsen Sharafatmandrad Bahareh Behmanesh -
Open Access Article
150 - The Role of People in Iran's Islamic Revolution: An analysis based on Foucault's Perspective
Mahin Niroomand Alankesh Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Jahangir KaramiNowadays, it is no longer possible to ignore the agency of people in creating effective events in societies. In other words, in the researches and analyzes of researchers and thinkers, the role of the people in changing the structures of their society and sometimes the MoreNowadays, it is no longer possible to ignore the agency of people in creating effective events in societies. In other words, in the researches and analyzes of researchers and thinkers, the role of the people in changing the structures of their society and sometimes the direction or change in the political behavior of the rulers is prominently observed, and the analysts and thinkers by addressing People's agency, contemporary movements and uprisings are investigated. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to investigate the position of the people in the Iranian revolution with Michel Foucault's genealogical perspective and find an answer to these questions: what role did the people play in the Islamic revolution of Iran and how can it be done? From the perspective of Foucaultian genealogy, did he analyze the position of the people in the Iranian revolution? The claim of the authors is that based on a genealogical perspective, the Iranian revolution of 1357 can only be understood based on the agency of the people.To investigate this claim, Foucault's genealogical method was used and the topics were presented in the form of theoretical sections, the process of the revolution, general analysis of the revolution and genealogical analysis of the revolution, and conclusions were drawn from the topics. The findings of the article showed that without an understanding of the process of people's participation in the Iranian revolution, it is impossible to get a clear understanding of this great phenomenon of the 20th century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Designing and Explaining the Cause-related marketing Model in the Dairy Foods industry
Raziyeh Ahangar sole boni seyed kamran Nourbakhsh Vahidreza Mirabi yahya khonsariCause-related marketing is one of the differentiation strategies in non-price competition in markets with intense competition and saturation, such as the food industry. The current research also aims to provide a Cause-related marketing model in the dairy food industry. MoreCause-related marketing is one of the differentiation strategies in non-price competition in markets with intense competition and saturation, such as the food industry. The current research also aims to provide a Cause-related marketing model in the dairy food industry. The method of the current research is a mixed exploratory, which was obtained through the qualitative strategy of Grounded Theory and semi-structured interviews and coding with MAXQDA, conceptual model has been obtained, and then through the quantitative strategies of model fitting and analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative part was the opinions of 12 experts and specialists in the relevant industry, and in the quantitative part 384 Dairy products customers have been implemented in Tehran. This model includes corporate dimensions with an impact of 0.393(company's marketing mix; company resources and capabilities; campaign implementation, managers' and stakeholders' perspectives), dimensions of customers with an impact of 0.438 (beliefs, attitudes; people's values, demographic factors, social stimuli and individual's experience and knowledge), dimensions related to the campaign with an impact of 0.467 (the place and form help, credibility and importance and urgency of the campaign) and Cause-related marketing results (financial and non-financial results)classification and suggestions according to statistical categories have been provided Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The Semantics of the Word "Ahl" in the Holy Quran, and the Study and Explanation of Ahl al-Kitab in the verse of unity (verse 64 of Al-Imran)
Zahra Aghababaei Hossin Moradi Mohammad Hossin Saeibi Frhad EdrisiThe word "Ahl" is one of the most widely used words in Quran; along with its derivatives, it has been used more than 125 times. This breadth of use of this word in the Holy Quran and its combination with other words and Quranic concepts indicates the special place of th MoreThe word "Ahl" is one of the most widely used words in Quran; along with its derivatives, it has been used more than 125 times. This breadth of use of this word in the Holy Quran and its combination with other words and Quranic concepts indicates the special place of the word and the need to study its semantics. One of the important combinations of the word "Ahl" is its combination with the word "Kitab". Ahl al-Kitab, ot the People of the Book, are those to whom the scripture belongs. In this article, we try to discuss the lexical and idiomatic meaning of "Ahl" and "Ahl al-Kitab" in the verse of unity using a descriptive method to explain them by reflecting on different dimensions of the word "Ahl" and understanding its semantic domains and to deal with the revelatory concept of the subject of Ahl al-Kitab, its Quranic uses, and its examples in the Holy Qur'an. It is noteworthy that according to verse 64 of Al-Imran, God wants Muslims to unite and show solidarity with the People of the Book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigation and Analysis of the Attributes of People of the Book and the Holy Quran’s Way of Interacting with Them with Emphasis on the Zahravin Surahs
Zahra Aghababaei Hossin Moradi Mohammad Hossin Saeibi Frhad EdrisiBaqarah and Al-Imran surahs (Surahs of Zahravin) have the most verses related to interaction with people of the book. In these surahs, God mentions only one religion for all generations, the religion of Islam. In this era, which is the age of interaction with other divi MoreBaqarah and Al-Imran surahs (Surahs of Zahravin) have the most verses related to interaction with people of the book. In these surahs, God mentions only one religion for all generations, the religion of Islam. In this era, which is the age of interaction with other divine religions, the investigation of this issue is of special importance. This research investigates and analyzes interaction with people of the book in the Qur'an, with an emphasis on the Zahravin surahs, with descriptive and analytical methods analyzing the books of Quranic sciences and the interpretations of Fariqin. According to the findings of this research, the principle in the Holy Quran is unity and solidarity under the shadow of faith in one God, negation of any kind of polytheism and division, and faith in all prophets and holy books and angels, or stated in other words, faith in the only religion of Islam. But, the people of the book have acted differently, in contrast to this order of God in Quran, and thus the way of interacting with them will also be different. Some of them should be treated peacefully, some should be ordered to pay jeziya, and others should not be interacted with, or should even be fought with. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Sociological of the causes of the Tendency of Businesspeople and Tradesman to Anomaly of Deception (Ghish) in Transactions (Case Study of Qom City)
majid soleimany reza fazelOne of the common phenomena in erroneous Socio-economic relations in market is "deception (ghish) in transaction" .The aim of the present research is Access to the causes of the Tendency of Businesspeople to Deception (Ghish) in Transactions Phenomenon in the city of Qo MoreOne of the common phenomena in erroneous Socio-economic relations in market is "deception (ghish) in transaction" .The aim of the present research is Access to the causes of the Tendency of Businesspeople to Deception (Ghish) in Transactions Phenomenon in the city of Qom. The present research is an applied one which is conducted using documentary and survey methods. Consumers of necessary goods in the city of Qom were the statistical population. The number of the selected sample was 353 people, that answered to the Research questions by Random method in the Market – Neighborhood. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was obtained by visiting judges. The alpha of all questions was 88. The results showed that 45.6% of businesspeople had high and very high and 54.4% had low and very low tendency towards deception in transactions. The results of regression showed that Variables professional ethics, and religion the direct effect of reducing, And variables and surveillance, institutional environment, Loyalty, trust, technical skills, And socio-economic status indirect effect on variable dimming fainted in the transaction. Research the suggestions to improve religiosity, professional ethics, trust, Market monitoring, technical and communication skills, and institutional environment. The results are applicable for trade unions, monitoring centers, and sellers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Structure Of Public Buildings And changes The Psychological Security Of Residents
Jafar Yousefpour Mehdi Mahmoudi kamel abad Siyamak PanahiThis study seeks to revisit the structure and architecture relationship to enhance architects' understanding, human perception, and human security by recounting the operating system process for resolving the relationship between architecture and architecture, and to try MoreThis study seeks to revisit the structure and architecture relationship to enhance architects' understanding, human perception, and human security by recounting the operating system process for resolving the relationship between architecture and architecture, and to try to explain structural concepts in order to better understand them. Human perception of the environment is one of the most central issues in environmental psychology and a sense of security is a social-psychological phenomenon. They are a process by which human beings select the necessary data based on their needs and direct and indirect experiences of the conditions of the environment around them. Without knowing the effective factors, it will not be possible to provide a sense of social security for people in the community. Was. Architects have always faced the problem of not understanding structural concepts, because concepts that can be applied to the structure of an applied architecture do not exist or are scattered. In this descriptive-analytical research, a survey was conducted with a sample of 78 experts and a sample of 78 people. The results showed that the stability and resistance to psychological and physical security, physical security technology, The geometry of safety, the balance of social security, the integration of physical security, the compatibility of psychological security cannot be demonstrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on Depression, Auality of Life, and Serum Cortisol Levels of Depressed People
Zahra Olyaie Masoud Mohammadi Kazem Anvari SeyedEbrahim HosseiniDepression is now a common chronic illness in most communities all over the world that may disrupt normal functioning, cause depressive thoughts, and negatively affect the quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based MoreDepression is now a common chronic illness in most communities all over the world that may disrupt normal functioning, cause depressive thoughts, and negatively affect the quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on quality of life (QoL), depression and cortisol levels in people with depression. Thirty women with depression were selected voluntarily and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. For the experimental group, treatment sessions were held for eight 90-minute sessions per week and the control group did not receive any treatment. To measure the variables, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II and SF36 Quality of Life Questionnaire) was used twice (before and after treatment) and to measure cortisol levels, blood samples were taken between 8 and 10 am before the onset of first and last treatment sessions and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to analyze the data. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the pretest-posttest phase reduced depression and cortisol rate from 23.87 and 14.48 to 10.13 and 11.95, respectively and increased quality of life from 32.90 to 83.52 in the experimental group (p < 0.001). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can improve the mental status and quality of life of patients with depression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Anthropological Study of Women and Girls' Clothing in the Bakhtiari People (According to Van Jenep's "Rites of Passage" Point of View)
Valiyollah NasiriThe purpose of this study is to reflect the social status of Bakhtiari women through clothing before marriage, during marriage and after marriage. In this article, based on the view of anthropologist Van Janp and analysis of this view, we will deal with Bakhtiari women' MoreThe purpose of this study is to reflect the social status of Bakhtiari women through clothing before marriage, during marriage and after marriage. In this article, based on the view of anthropologist Van Janp and analysis of this view, we will deal with Bakhtiari women's clothing. In rites of passage, the etiquette is the transition from one social situation to another, which may vary according to different ethnicities and cultures. In Iran, there are different ethnic groups, each of which has different rites of passage. This article focuses on the customs of the Bakhtiari people (one of the tribes of Iran), has tried to study and analyze the type of clothing of Bakhtiari girls in three stages before marriage, during marriage and after marriage. The present paper is a combination of field and library methods, documentation and content analysis. The results of the study show that women in Bakhtiari culture choose their clothes based on their position and status and pay attention to color, clothing decoration and appropriate to the seasons of the year, and Bakhtiari women and girls by changing the type of clothing in each stage of life finds a new position in the process of socializing. The color of clothes and the type of clothing of Bakhtiari girls and women at every stage of life, reflects the responsibilities and expectations that they face in each period of life, according to biological and natural conditions. The type of clothing worn by Bakhtiari girls and the different meaning of the color of these clothes have made their culture different from other Iranian ethnic groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Investigating the Culture of Religious Democracy in the Holy Quran
sayed abdolmanaf mohseninikou Mohammadreza Ghaedi hamidreza haghighatThe comprehensiveness of the Quran is one of the most important features of the Holy Quran, which is accepted by the majority of thinkers, the Quran as a comprehensive and complete book contains general principles that deals with various topics such as "people and polit MoreThe comprehensiveness of the Quran is one of the most important features of the Holy Quran, which is accepted by the majority of thinkers, the Quran as a comprehensive and complete book contains general principles that deals with various topics such as "people and politics". Since government in Islam is considered one of the most important foundations of society, expressing political issues and issues in Islam and the Quran is one of the basic principles. From the point of view of the political system "Islam and the Quran" there is no conflict between God and man, God is the source of legislation and man is God's "Caliph and successor" on earth, and for this reason man is a noble being with virtue and dignity. The origin and history of "social developments" is known and has a precious and lofty position and role in "Quran". In several verses, the Holy Quran has strongly reminded the rulers and agents of the Islamic government to be submissive and kind to the people, to respect their freedom within the framework of Sharia, to provide for their wishes and to consult with them. Honoring the character and preserving the dignity of the people, enjoying their support, creating justice and the grounds for growth, progress and prosperity in the society are among the most important indicators of the legitimacy of the government. The aim of the current research is to "investigate the position of democracy from the perspective of the Holy Quran", in this research, data has been collected using library sources and using the descriptive-analytical method, Quranic verses have been reviewed and analyzed. And with the help of the findings, the research comes to the conclusion that the "philosophy of the role and position of people" in decision-making and political participation, planning and politics of religion and the human world has a special place and importance in the Qur'an. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Identifying the Factors that Do Not Develop Public Sports for People with Mental Disabilities
fatemeh rahmati mohammadali safaniya hossein poorsoltani mohsen bagheriyan salah naghshbandiExercise and physical activity play a very important role in the general health of the people of society, including the mentally retarded. They are a deterrent that prevents their sports participation. Because the most important mission of physical education specialists MoreExercise and physical activity play a very important role in the general health of the people of society, including the mentally retarded. They are a deterrent that prevents their sports participation. Because the most important mission of physical education specialists and managers is to remove the barriers to the presence of people in society in sports. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of underdevelopment of public sports in people with moderate intelligence (autism, Down syndrome, mental retardation). Which was done using the foundation data theory. Participants in the study were officials from the Federation of the Disabled and Veterans, Sports Managers, Occupational Therapists, and Physical Education Specialists and Professors. Axial and selective were used. Based on the results of 170 codecs with 15 main categories and 40 sub-categories in the form of six dimensions of paradigm model including causal factors (5 categories), main phenomenon (intermediate intelligence and development of public sports), strategy (5 categories), background factors (2 categories), Intervention conditions (3 restrictive categories and 2 facilitator categories) and outcome (3 categories) were identified. Therefore, it is recommended to take sufficient financial resources as well as training experienced human resources to guide and encourage mentally retarded people to participate in sports activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - About the jurisdiction of the Government repression of the freedom of the people in line with the criminalization With an emphasis on Islamic Republic of Iran
tahereh mahmood soltani mohamadreza abbasifardIn the modern world, stripping liberty of individuals through a crime providing the institutions by the Government and will be fitted for , therefore the type and level of crimes stipulated in the laws of the State of and its criminal policy, specifically , undoubtedly MoreIn the modern world, stripping liberty of individuals through a crime providing the institutions by the Government and will be fitted for , therefore the type and level of crimes stipulated in the laws of the State of and its criminal policy, specifically , undoubtedly affected its political ideology, and it is something in the political does believe; if librali freedom of people or other political concepts to the principle of criminal policy to know, necessity and ghirakifri interventions-in case srkobgraneh-deal crime tend to be based on the political dimension, or if your Government maintains institutions based on relevant government authority or other security considerations are also the necessity of legislation on aspects of the crime of providing hard, restrictive laws and approval of the invasive and often of freedom of citizens believing they find ; however, has always been between the Government, religious and democratic principles of legitimacy and ghirdini in the range of powers of the State in the Affairs of the Special legislation and the various differences there is lots of crime negligent treatment; hence the Islamic Republic of Iran Democratic religious Government; as (a religious democracy) includes the first batch Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Political rights of people in exercising control over the state
Ali KazemzadehPolitical rights are part of human rights that address human rights in the field of politics, including matters such as the right to determine their political destiny and political rights, and the right to political freedoms. The right to determine their fate and politi MorePolitical rights are part of human rights that address human rights in the field of politics, including matters such as the right to determine their political destiny and political rights, and the right to political freedoms. The right to determine their fate and political destiny is the most important political right; the public domain is common to human beings and is the voice of the people. Public service providers are responsible for selecting people to do this service, Capture and interference in the public domain is not permitted without the consent and consent of the people; in the democratic system, the criterion of enjoying public rights is the consent of the majority with respect for minority rights, including the right to political participation, including the right to self determination, the right of the people to participate in Elections and referendums, the right to participate in decisions, the right of citizens to have access to government offices, the right to criticize and protest, the right to dismiss, the right to choose leaders, , they will elect another or choose not to participate in it. Through which they announce their dissatisfaction and apply regulatory tools to the governing body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Comparative Study of Sheikh Fazl Al-Allah and Great Scholar Naeini on Right and Task
Faramarz Mirzazade Shahindokht PakzadPundits of every society, for transition from a society that have been involved in crisis, must draw and inform the required base for development. One of the basis of development is distinguish of rights and tasks that have been often ignored. In this article have been MorePundits of every society, for transition from a society that have been involved in crisis, must draw and inform the required base for development. One of the basis of development is distinguish of rights and tasks that have been often ignored. In this article have been payed to comparison on basis of right and task from Sheikh Fazl al-allah and great scholar Naeini viewpoint; ruler’s rights and tasks to people and vice versa. The aim of this comparison is comparative study the viewpoint of two great scholars in constitutional age on characteristics of transformational society. In the other words, we study on whom viewpoint could lead to development from transition: a society that found on Noori viewpoint or Naeini viewpoint? This study is on comparative – analytical method. We first, study rights and tasks from two scholars on the main text from them and then, compare them. The conclusion of this study is, if a society is managed on great scholar Naeinin viewpoint, would be balanced and developed, and the other would be unbalanced and undeveloped. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The effect of the uncertainty of economic policies and people's health on the excess returns of companies in different quantiles
HASAN ESMAELI Manijeh Hadinejad مرجان دامن کشیده شهریار نصابیانIntroduction: Economic uncertainty, which means difficulty in predicting the economic environment, comes from various factors such as political instability, change and uncertainty of government policies, natural disasters and market fluctuations, which can affect the su MoreIntroduction: Economic uncertainty, which means difficulty in predicting the economic environment, comes from various factors such as political instability, change and uncertainty of government policies, natural disasters and market fluctuations, which can affect the surplus efficiency of companies. Also, people's health is also considered as another important factor affecting the surplus efficiency of companies. Methods: Accordingly; the main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of uncertainty of economic policies and people's health on the surplus efficiency of companies in different quantiles in the period of 1385 to 1401. Quantile regression is a statistical method that was first introduced by Koenker and Bassett (1978). One of the advantages of this model is to identify the shape of the distribution of the dependent variable of the model at different levels of the independent variable. Results: The estimation of the research model using the quantile regression method indicates that the transmission of the oil price to the surplus stock market, in addition to the direct route, also takes place indirectly through the exchange rate channel. So that in the higher quantiles, i.e. when the stock market is booming, the change in oil price return on the stock market is only indirect and through the exchange rate channel, and the decrease in oil prices (oil revenues) is the same as in the two sanctions periods, it strengthens the stock market through the increase of the exchange rate. In addition, it was observed that the increase in air pollution, which is a measure of people's health, causes people to invest less in stocks due to lower income and increased health risks; When the stock supply remains relatively constant and the demand decreases, the stock price and yield also decrease, and accordingly, air pollution at its higher levels can lead to a decrease in the excess yield of firms. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it is concluded that in examining the factors affecting the surplus efficiency of companies, the two factors of economic policy uncertainty and people's health should be considered, so that the increase in economic policy uncertainty leads to a decrease in surplus efficiency and Also, the increase in air pollution and the decrease in people's health also lead to a decrease in the surplus efficiency of companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Comparison of emotional-behavioral problems in adolescent and young children of addicted and non-addicted parents
کامران زرکی نسترن شریفی مهرداد ثابتBackground and Aim: Parental substance abuse is so serious that it affects the well-being and health of the family and is a family disease caused by lifestyle that is affected by environmental, familial and genetic causes. Parental addiction is not only an individual pr MoreBackground and Aim: Parental substance abuse is so serious that it affects the well-being and health of the family and is a family disease caused by lifestyle that is affected by environmental, familial and genetic causes. Parental addiction is not only an individual problem but also causes other family members, especially adolescents and young people, with psychological, physical and social problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Predict the resiliency abusers materials based on attachment styles and social support
Hosein Sorkhil Mohammad Ali Mohammadi FarAbstract Substance abuse and addiction to drugs changing the mood are one of the most obvious social and psychological injuries that could easily damage the personal, family, Social, and cultural lives within a country. Therefore, new approach to prevent substance abous MoreAbstract Substance abuse and addiction to drugs changing the mood are one of the most obvious social and psychological injuries that could easily damage the personal, family, Social, and cultural lives within a country. Therefore, new approach to prevent substance abouse and promote protective factors such as resilience, and recognition and reduction of risk factors are very important and noticeable. Resilience is one of the concepts recently Proposed in the field of drug addiction prevention and other mental disorders and injuries. Moreover, it could be the key to drug prevention. In is a descriptive – correlative study. The statistical population of the study includes all of the students of Tehran University selected by the random sampling method. A Sample size of 184 people were selected via Cochran Formula. The research hypotheses are calculated and analyzed via related statistical tests within SPSS 21. The results show that the substance abusers’ resilience could be different in association with people’s social support and attachment styles. In the present paper, according to the stepwise regression related to the attachment styles; secure attachment style, and ambivalent attachment style have the most effectiveness and regarding social support, family’s support and friends’ support have effectiveness for promoting substance abusers’ resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Depicting the competencies necessary for the development of human resources of the people's government in the horizon of 1404
jalal rizanehsuccess of the people's government is to ensure the existence of competent and effective (desirable) employees in the country's government system. The presence of such employees can help the people's government in fulfilling its mission and in the administration of just Moresuccess of the people's government is to ensure the existence of competent and effective (desirable) employees in the country's government system. The presence of such employees can help the people's government in fulfilling its mission and in the administration of justice. Futuristic science is the systematic study of possible, probable, and desirable futures. Imagery is a creative effort to visualize, recognize, and purposefully build possible, probable, and desirable futures based on external facts, whose main purpose is to warn, or create a favorable situation. The purpose of this research is to discover the image of the most key competencies required for the development of human resources of the people's government until the horizon of 1404.Since exploring the mental world and experiences of people and extracting their attitudes requires the use of qualitative research methods, the grounded theory method was used to conduct the research. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and after reaching theoretical saturation, necessary data were collected and analyzed by conducting interviews with 35 qualified officials. data set collected after the process of continuous data comparison and open, central and selective coding, in the form of 393 primary codes, 31 concepts, 11 categories and 5 classes, "image of human resources competencies of the popular government in the horizon of 1404" organization became. Considering the possible conditions in the coming years, this picture explains the set of personality, attitude, behavior, skills and competencies of the jihadi manager and employee who tries to work effectively in the people's government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Determining the Relationship between Sexual Schemas and Body Image with the Mediation of Perfectionism and Dysfunctional Beliefs in People with Body Deformities in Beauty Clinics
Roghaye Eslam nia Javad Khalatbari Shohreh GhorbanshiroodiAbstract Introduction: People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, th MoreAbstract Introduction: People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, their quality of life and daily functioning decreases, so the research The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual schemas and body image through the mediation of perfectionism and dysfunctional beliefs in people with body deformities in the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province. Research Method: The current research method is correlational and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). Based on Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. The data collection tool was Anderson and Siranoski's (1994) gender schema questionnaire, Ten Sooto and Garcia's (2002) body image satisfaction questionnaire, Trishort et al.'s (1995) perfectionism questionnaire, and Wiseman and Beck's (1982) dysfunctional beliefs scale. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling. Findings: The results of the research showed that the lower limit is 0.46 and the upper limit is 0.65 between the two variables of perfectionism and ineffective beliefs as mediating variables between gender schema and body image. The confidence level for this confidence interval is 95. Considering that zero is outside this confidence interval, this relationship is a significant mediator. Conclusion: considering that the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance largely depends on the schemas related to appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - A Study on Political Stands of Levant Arabs During the Caliphate of Imam Ali (PBUH)
Akram Al Sadat Hosseini یحیی میر حسینیAfter the assassination of ʿUthmān, the third caliph, that the Levant (Shāmāt) raised the opposition flag against the government of Imam Ali (PBUH), and the Levant was introduced as Umayyad unified land. However, in some reports, it has been mentioned about groups that MoreAfter the assassination of ʿUthmān, the third caliph, that the Levant (Shāmāt) raised the opposition flag against the government of Imam Ali (PBUH), and the Levant was introduced as Umayyad unified land. However, in some reports, it has been mentioned about groups that were not associated with the Levantines masses, and separated themselves from Muawiya's army. This research which is organized by descriptive-analytical method with a focus on behaviors has divided the Residents of Levant into two groups: “companionship” and “non-companionship” and then analyzed the political stands of the Levant Arabs in relation to the way of supporting or opposing Mu'awiyah. The research results show that the influence of Byzantine-religious beliefs, Muawiyah's use of foreign chief policy, urbanization and homogeneity of the population, totalitarianism and blackmail had the greatest effect on Levantines subordination from Muawiyah. Moreover, We can point to the following factors as other reasons for accompanying Muawiyah: the presence of Imam Ali (PBUH) followers in Levant, the policies of Imam Ali (PBUH) in Levantines awareness, the policy of neutrality, profit seeking and religious caution. Manuscript profile
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