-
Open Access Article
1 - The effect of drought stress and different amounts of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on productivity of forage sorghum variety speedfeed
fatmeh khezerlooTo investigation the effects of water stress and different rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield of forage sorghum variety speedfeed (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in second cropping , a field study was conducted at 2009 cropping season in KhoyResearch Sta MoreTo investigation the effects of water stress and different rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield of forage sorghum variety speedfeed (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in second cropping , a field study was conducted at 2009 cropping season in KhoyResearch Station. Experiment was carried out using a split plot design , used on RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments consisted three level of water stress (I1=70 , I2=105 , I3=140 )mm evaporation from the pan of class A, as main factors and sub factors consisting nitrogen consumption in three levels (N1=300),(N2=400),(N3=500) kg/ha as source, urea and potassium in three levels (K1=0),(K2=150),(K3=300)kg/ha as source K2So4, of course foliar application urea in amount 33 kg/ha in stage doughying grain in single treatment and phosphorous consumption based on fertilizer recommendation in amount (P=50)kg/ha as source Tsp in total treatment was carried out. Investigated characteristics were , plant height , stem diameter, leaf number, tiller number per plant, leaf to stem ratio , fresh fodder and biologic yield ear yield, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content. The results analysis of variances showed that plant height, fresh fodder and biologic yield, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC) impressed after of stage leaf 4-5 by water stress , but significant difference was not observed in other traits. Applying amounts of fertilizers reduced significantly plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, fresh fodder and biologic yield, ear dry weight, chlorophyll content. So that applying 500 kg/ha urea and 300 kg/ha K2SO4 and 50 kg/ha TSP reduced increase yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The effect of drought stress on proline accumulation, soluble carbohydrate amounts and ionic sodium and potassium content changes in different white bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) genotype
masud zade bageriTo assess some of the physiological changes, an experiment in the form of split plots and complete randomized blocks was performed in three replications in the research fields of the Islamic Azad university of Shiraz. The firs factor was irrigation level (normal and dro MoreTo assess some of the physiological changes, an experiment in the form of split plots and complete randomized blocks was performed in three replications in the research fields of the Islamic Azad university of Shiraz. The firs factor was irrigation level (normal and drought stress) and the second factor included white bean genotypes, (Daneshkadeh shekoofa and G11867), which were categorized as sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant dehiscent based on morphological indices. Samples were taken in the 50% flowering stage and the amounts of soluble glucose, proline content, sodium and potassium were measured. The results of the experiment showed that the soluble solution density, proline content and potassium ion increased under stress and the amount of sodium ion decreased. The G11867 dehiscent genotype had the highest amount of soluble glucose and sodium ion. The Daneshkadeh sensitive genotype had the highest amount of potassium ion and proline content. The results indicated that the accumulation of excess potassium and proline content in beans under drought stress can create a kind of adaptation for the plant against drought and help production under these conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of nitrogen and potassium on yield, and agronomic traits of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in dry conditions
علي عبدزاد گوهريThe use of appropriate fertilizer and its consumption in the crops, is of important factors in achieving high performance in the product. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of cowpea, an experiment was c MoreThe use of appropriate fertilizer and its consumption in the crops, is of important factors in achieving high performance in the product. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of cowpea, an experiment was carried out in a factorial randomized complete block design in 2009, with 3 replications at Astaneh Ashrafiyeh, in East Guilan Province. The factors included nitrogen fertilizers 0, 30 and 60 (kgN/ha) and potassium fertilizers 0, 30 and 60 (kgK/ha). Interactions of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer showed 30 (kgN/ha) and 30 that (kgK/ha) with grain yield of 1555 (kg/ha) was the highest. The nitrogen and potassium fertilizers had significant effect on total biomass, harvest index, seed weight, and number of pods per plant, pod length, plant height and seed numbers per plant. simple correlation showed that grain yield had significant positive correlation with total biomass, harvest index, pod yield, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and plant height, but significant correlation was no observed between seed yield and 100 seed weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, and zinc nano-chelates on nutritional value and essential oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Elham Danaee Vahid Abdossi -
Open Access Article
5 - The combined effect of Bacillus coagulans, potassium chloride, and yeast extract on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a functional vegetable sausage
Davoud Soleimani Ramin Khorrami Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti Ali Khanjari -
Open Access Article
6 - Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of lysine with permanganate ion at different ionic strengths and temperatures
Farrokh Gharib Dariush Ehsanipour Kasra Karroubi -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of Modified biochar and Zeolite Effect on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of loamy Soil
Amir Soltani Mohammadi yazdan khodarahmi Saeed boroomand nasab Abd Ali NasseriThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of modified biochar sugarcane bagasse and potassium zeolite as natural and environmentally friendly fertilizers on some physical and chemical properties of soil in a completely randomized design wit MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of modified biochar sugarcane bagasse and potassium zeolite as natural and environmentally friendly fertilizers on some physical and chemical properties of soil in a completely randomized design with four replications for three months per year 2018 was conducted at the Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The levels of biochar and zeolite use included three levels of 0, 2 and 5 grams per kg of soil (0, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%).The results showed that the 2 and 5 grams biochar per kg of soil increased the total porosity by 3.7% and 9.2% respectively, 9.6% and 19% moisture content of crop capacity, 1 and 1.5% moisture content of wilting point, 9.8% and 21.3% organic carbon, 9% and 18% of absorbable phosphorus, 8% and 22% of nitrogen, 6.5% and 27.9% of electrical conductivity , 3.3% and 8% respectively of bulk density and 0.26% 0.92 percent soil acidity. The levels of 2 and 5 grams of zeolite per kilogram of soil also increased 2 and 6 percent bulk density, 2.33% and 3.89% specific gravity, 10.1% and 26.5 percent moisture content, 1.1% And 6.3% moisture content of wilting point, 0.65 and 1.05% of acidity, 9.1% and 33.5% of electrical conductivity, 0.09% and 3.4% of total porosity, 0.26% and 0.92% respectively Soil acidity was not significant and did not have a significant effect on specific gravity, organic carbon, absorbable phosphorus and soil nitrogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Laboratory Evaluation the Organic Amender’s Effect on the Leaching Process of Saline- Sodic Soils
MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN FATEMEH ZABIHI samira sarbazrashidBackground and Aim: Soil salinity and alkalinity are one of the most important destructive soil processes, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Sodium soils are faced with degradation of soil structure, reduction of permeability and speed of water movement in the s MoreBackground and Aim: Soil salinity and alkalinity are one of the most important destructive soil processes, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Sodium soils are faced with degradation of soil structure, reduction of permeability and speed of water movement in the soil, runoff increasing, decrease of land use, ventilation decreasing, and finally, decrease of crop yield. Many researches have been conducted based on physical, chemical, and biological methods to improve the saline and sodic soils, but the hybrid method is the most effective in the improvement of these soils. In this study, the effect of two organic amenders (Potassium Humate and Chicken Feather-CF) with leaching in improving some physical and chemical properties of saline and sodic soils has been investigated.Method: In this research, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications was conducted. The first factor was the type of amender (Potassium Humate and Chicken Feather), the second factor was the amount of amender (0.75 and 1.5 Weight percentage) and the third factor was leaching levels (no leaching, 45, 90, and 135 days of incubation). After sampling from depth 0 to 30 cm and measuring some physical and chemical properties of the soil samples, the amenders are mixed with the soil and the soil moisture content was delivered to the field capacity (0.7-0.8 FC). Then the soil samples were poured into the columns. Soil columns were leached at three intervals of 1.5 months with the amount of one pore volume (P.V). At each leaching stage, the properties such as soil acidity (pH), electrical conductivity (ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in drainage water (DW) and pH, EC, SAR, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), wet aggregate stability (WAS), organic carbon (OC) and hydraulic saturation conductivity (Ks) were measured in soil columns. Statistical analyzes and the comparison of means were performed by LSD test and using SPSS17 software. The graphs were drawn with EXCEL software.Results: The results showed that Potassium Humate reduced the pH of the soil and increased the pH of DW. This effect was more as the amender’s weight and leaching increased. Also, Potassium Humate reduced the ECe of soil and this effect was more as the leaching increased. The findings showed that the high amount of amenders led to the high SAR in DW. As the leaching stage increased, the SAR of soil decreased in both amenders. The 1.5% of amenders amount had more effect on the reduction of SAR than the level of 0.75% in both amenders. With increasing leaching, the CEC of soil decreased. The highest CEC (31.2 cmolc.kg-1) was obtained in the CF with 1.5% of the amender’s amount. When the number of amenders increased, the CEC of soil increased. Also, when the leaching and the amount of CF increased, the ESP of soil decreased.The results showed that with increasing the leaching in Potassium Humate, the % OC of soil decreased. The WAS increased with increasing the amount of CF. The highest amount of WAS was in CF (1.5%). Potassium Humate in high amounts (1.5 %) reduced Ks. Ks decreased with increasing leaching from the second leaching stage onwards.Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that the addition of amenders increases the pH and SAR in the DW and decreases the pH (from 8.24 to 7.39), ECe (from 17.07 to 0.8 dS.m-1) and SAR (from 19.34 to 11.1 (cmolc.l-1)0.5) in the soil. Leaching increased pH and ECe in DW and decreased CEC, ESP in soil and decreased KS by increasing leaching stages after the second leaching stage. Potassium Humate reduced OC%, KS and Chicken Feather increased CEC and WAS and decreased ESP in soil. In general, Chicken Feather (with 0.75%) along with leaching is recommended to modify the saline and sodic soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating the Effects of Salinity Stress Caused By Different Levels of Sodium Chloride (Nacl) and Potassium Chloride (Kcl) On the Growth and Quality of Sport Turfgrass
Elham Danaee Amir DoostmohamadiBackground and Aim: Grass is one of the most important cover plants in most green spaces, and considering that Iran is considered one of the dry and semi-arid regions of the world, water and soil salinity affects the growth of plants, as a result, using salt-resistant g MoreBackground and Aim: Grass is one of the most important cover plants in most green spaces, and considering that Iran is considered one of the dry and semi-arid regions of the world, water and soil salinity affects the growth of plants, as a result, using salt-resistant grass is one of the solutions to create green space in these areas. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the salinity tolerance of sport turfgrass caused by sodium chloride and potassium chloride salts. Method: In April, sports grass seeds were planted in an area located in Karaj province in the form of a r randomized complete block design with three replications in plots of 2 m2 (1 x 2 m2) and were cultivated with a density of 40 g m-2. The experimental treatments included sodium chloride and potassium chloride salts with concentrations of zero, 25, 50 and 75 mg l-1. After about 5 weeks of planting the seeds, salt stress was applied for one month through irrigation with salts twice a week and each time with 12 liter of salt solution and then sampling was done to evaluate fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, total chlorophyll, proline, protein and activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Results: Data analysis showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the assessed traits. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots (3.85-4.87 g) and roots (1.46-23.2 g) and total chlorophyll (16.96 mg g-1) were observed in the control, while the highest protein (3.73 μg mg-1) and activity of superoxide dismutase (4.62 enzyme units g-1) and peroxidase (4.12 enzyme units g-1) in 75 mg l-1 sodium chloride treatment and the highest proline content (12/ 8 mg g-1) was observed in 75 mg l-1 potassium chloride treatment, also the lowest fresh and dry weight of aerial parts (2.12-3.08 g) and total chlorophyll (12.53 mg g-1) in 75 mg l-1 potassium chloride treatment and the lowest fresh and dry weight of roots (0.59-0.96 g) were obtained in 75 mg l-1 sodium chloride treatment, and the lowest content of proline (4.48 mg g-1), protein (2.48 μg mg-1) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (3.00 enzyme units g-1) and peroxidase (2.93 enzyme units g-1) were in the control. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, sport turfgrass was able to tolerate stress conditions in 25 and 50 mg l-1 salt stress to some extent by increasing compounds such as proline, protein and antioxidant enzyme activity, but increasing the concentration of salts used, especially potassium chloride salt (75 mg l-1) had the greatest effect in reducing the vegetative traits and increasing the enzyme activity of sport turfgrass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of 1 – methy Cyclopropene and Nano Particles of Potassium Permanganat on Qualitive Characteristics and Storage Life of Two Apple Cultivars
Bahram Pashazadeh Seyyed mahdi Seyedin Ardabili Hassan Hajnajari Farrokh Shavakhi Gholam hassan AsadiIntroduction: Apple is one of the most important horticultural crop that storage and post-harvest problems attract the growing interest of researchers and industry’s authorities. In this study, the effect of 1 - methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene nano-absorb MoreIntroduction: Apple is one of the most important horticultural crop that storage and post-harvest problems attract the growing interest of researchers and industry’s authorities. In this study, the effect of 1 - methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene nano-absorbent (potassium permanganat) as a new combination, effective and low cast treatment on the durability of apple and its storage was investigated.Materials and Methods: Two commercial apple cultivars, Wealthy and the native Dirras-e Mashhad, present in National Horticultural Research Station, kamalshahr-karaj were selected. The samples were harvested according to the starch index (2-2.5) and were pre-cooled for 24 hours and then treated with 1 ppm concentration of 1-methyl cyclopropene by spraying in an impenetrable atmosphere and maintained for 8 hours at room temperature and finally transferred into the cold room. Ethylene treatment was performed by placing the nano absorbent packets of 5 gr within the cardboard containers together with the non treated fruits as control. The samples were stored at 0.5 °C and 90% of relative humidity. Series of tests consisting of fruit weight, flesh firmness, ascorbic acid concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA) and pH measurement were carried out on the sampls once a month in triplicate order. Sensory evaluations were carried out at the end of five months of storage period, comparing the treated samples of both cultivars with the control. The experiment was organized as completely randomized design and the collected data were analyzed by SAS software.Results: weight loss and flesh firmness in both experimental samples demonstrated less reduction as compared to the control the use of 1-MCP affected TSS, pH and TA significantly (p<0.05) and inhibited the rise pH and reduced also acidity TA during storage, while no significant effect (p>0/05) was noted by the use of nano-absorbent. The native 'Dirras-e Mashhad' showed higher pH value than 'Wealthy' under the combination of ENA and 1-MCP.Conclusion: The results showed that this technique can increase most characteristics of apples duringthe storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating the Possibility of Producing Low-sodium Yoghurt Drink Containing Dill Essential Oil and Potassium Chloride
S. Samaee L. Nateghi S. BerenjyIntroduction: Yoghurt Drink is an Iranian dairy drink with nutritional benefits. However dueto the presence of sodium chloride salt, it restricts the its use in people with hypertension. Onthe other hand, the antifungal and antibacterial effects and desirable aroma of d MoreIntroduction: Yoghurt Drink is an Iranian dairy drink with nutritional benefits. However dueto the presence of sodium chloride salt, it restricts the its use in people with hypertension. Onthe other hand, the antifungal and antibacterial effects and desirable aroma of dill essential oilhave been confirmed. Therefore, in order to help patients with blood pressure and to takeadvantage of the health benefits of Yoghurt Drink, a low-salt Yoghurt Drink product with thereplacement of potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride and the use of dill essential oilis produced to improve the taste and increase the shelf life of the Yoghurt Drink.Materials and Methods: Salts were substituted in Yoghurt Drink formulations withconcentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% by potassium chloride alone and with 0.3%of dill essential oil. Therefore, 10 treatments were designed according to completelyrandomized design. Physicochemical tests including acidity, pH, sedimentation, dry matterand sediment, mold and coliform, and sensory evaluation (taste, salinity, oral sensation, totalacceptance) were camied out in triplicate orden on the first and sixty days of maintenance.Results: The results of the tests were analyzed according to Duncan's one-way ANOVA testat 95% confidence level. The results of physicochemical and microbial properties showed thatreplacement of sodium salt with potassium chloride had no significant effect on acidity, pH,sedimentation, dry matter (p < 0.05). According to the results, by increasing the concentrationof potassium salt in respect of sodium salt at concentrations higher than 50% in the presenceof 0.3% of the essential oil, the organoleptic properties of the product significantly decreased(p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study proved the possibility of replacing sodium salts withpotassium salts up to 50% in the presence of 0.3% of essential oils, without undesirableeffects on the physico-chemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Super Absorbent Polymer Effects on some Chemical and Physical Properties of Soil and Nutrients Releasing from Manure in Different Humidity Levels
Elnaz Azizvand Elnaz Sabbaghe taze Maryam Haji rasouliBackground and Objective: Considering the limited water resources and organic matter deficiency in Iran, joint application of super absorbent polymer and organic manure can be effective option to improve soil physical and chemical properties, fertility and maintenause o MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the limited water resources and organic matter deficiency in Iran, joint application of super absorbent polymer and organic manure can be effective option to improve soil physical and chemical properties, fertility and maintenause of water storage. The purpose of this study was investigation the effect of super absorbent polymer on the amount of releasing of nutrients from manure in low humidity levels. Method: An experiment was conducted in a factorial form based on a completely randomized design with 18 treatments and three replications. The first factor was amendment type and amount including six levels consists of a) no amendment (C), b) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2 % W/W (AS0.2), g) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/W (AS0.4), d) manure in rate of 2%W/W (M), m) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W (AS0.2+M), h) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W (AS0.4+M). The second factor was humidity with three levels including 80 % (h1), 70% (h2) and 60% (h3) of field capacity. Findings: Results showed that application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W was more effective in improving chemical soil properties such as increasing available phosphorus, available potassium, field capacity and cation exchange capacity and decreasing available sodium. In most cases there was not significant difference between super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W and super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarded to results it can be suggested that joint application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W was the best treatment in low humidity levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Determination and Measurement of Natural Radioactivity in Environmental Samples of Songons Mine in Iran
Bahare Azarvand Satar Anvarian In this study amount of natural radioactivity in soil and stone of songons copper mine of different areas has been measured. Special activity of 238U, 232Th and 40K radio nuclides by the use of Gamma-ray spectroscopy system and High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detecto More In this study amount of natural radioactivity in soil and stone of songons copper mine of different areas has been measured. Special activity of 238U, 232Th and 40K radio nuclides by the use of Gamma-ray spectroscopy system and High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector has obtained and the analysis of obtained gammas spectrum by Mastro software and with consideration of samples self- coefficient absorption has been calculated. Thanks to the importance of recognizing the environmental contaminators factors and its protective responsibility against them, the purpose of this study, is determining the range of natural radioactivity on mentioned area and is comparing those factors with universal standard level. Calculations indicate that the range of foresaid elements specially 40Kon the most regions are higher than the presented universal average range by (UNSCEAR, 2000). Attention to the effects of biological radiation in human was acquired against rays (security of safety) for those people who are working in mines which is a very important factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Optimization of Experimental Conditions in Single-Stage Process for Preparation of Potassium Sulphate from Magnesium Sulfate and Potassium Chloride
Elham Arshadi Babak Nahri-Niknafs Manoochehr Dastoor Seyed-Ali Sobhanian -
Open Access Article
15 - LC50 Evaluation Of Potassium Permanganate Disinfectant Effects on Microorganisms Histology Of Skin and Gills Of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella) (Valenciennes1844
Fatemeh Jooyandeh Ali SadeghPour Hossain Khara Zabieh Ullah PajandInroduction and Objective: Disinfectants, to destroy or disable pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, viruses, etc. are used. Performance is a complex function of several variables, a disinfectant, such as the type and amount the material and the type and c MoreInroduction and Objective: Disinfectants, to destroy or disable pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, viruses, etc. are used. Performance is a complex function of several variables, a disinfectant, such as the type and amount the material and the type and concentration of microorganisms, contact time, water quality, etc. So, in many cases it's best to choose an appropriate disinfectant, is an in vitro study. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations tolerated by potassium permanganate in fish carp and their impact on the flora of skin and tissue of the gills are.Material and Methods: Experiment with 5 treatments and a control (each with three replicates) at the Institute of International Sturgeon doctor Rasht Dadman phenomenon in the summer of 1391. Toxicity Testing in the 25-liter tank, two-thirds filled with water and were aerated for 24 hours, were conducted. weighted average of 10 fish per tank storage was 3.74± 0.45 g. The first, LC10, LC50, LC90 at 96 hours in residence on the 180 grass carp fish concentrations were determined by the logarithmic method. Within 96 hours of the end of the gill tissue was studied histologically.Results: The results showed that the gills after exposure in the presence of potassium permanganate phenomena such as congestion, adhesions secondary gill filaments and cell necrosis (low), hyperplasia, atrophy of primary and secondary fibers were seen clubbing. After 96 h of exposure to concentrations determined in order to evaluate in terms of total bacteria, CFU skin biopsy was performed. And results in skin samples treated 0.25 milligrams per liter compared with the other treatments and the control of bacteria were lower.ConclusionIn general we can say based on LC50 96h, this antiseptic is very toxic to fish carp with respect to the influence of physicochemical factors on the toxicity of these substances on fish, can be in different conditions will show different results.Visitors will be different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Iodine Solution, Methylene Blue and Potassium Permanganate for Disinfection of Stellate Sturgeon Acipenser stellatus(Pallas, 1771) Eggs
Abdolali Rahdari Bahram Falahatkar Hossein Mohammadi Samad DarvishiInroduction & Objective:Considering the importance of stellate sturgeon fish as endangered species, the artificial breeding plays an important role in the restoration of natural resources of this fish in the Caspian Sea. One of the essential activities in the incubation MoreInroduction & Objective:Considering the importance of stellate sturgeon fish as endangered species, the artificial breeding plays an important role in the restoration of natural resources of this fish in the Caspian Sea. One of the essential activities in the incubation period is disinfection of eggs, which if done correctly can increase survival and larvae production. Therefore, finding the best approach for disinfection of stellate sturgeon eggs is so necessary.Material and Methods:Eggs were artificially fertilized and subjected to a bath dip treatment in given concentrations of the above chemicals before being incubating. Prior to treatment, the eggs were splited into three disinfected groups (100 mg L-1 iodophor, 15 min; 20 mg L-1 potassium permanganate, 30 min exposure and 100 mg L-1 methylene blue; 2 hours and) and non-disinfected group (control). Then, the eggs were transferred to Yushchenko incubators for incubation. During the incubation period, fungal and dead eggs were separate and counted physically every day. After hatching, the numbers of larvae per box were counted separately.Results: Eggs that disinfected with iodine solution and methylene blue were less likely to fungal infection and their conversion to larvae was higher than eggs that disinfected with potassium permanganate and the control group.Conclusion: The study showed that using iodine solution to disinfect stellate sturgeon is more effective and easier than some other disinfectants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Effect of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on nano leakage and micro tensile bond strength of composite to demineralized dentin in primary teeth
Forouzan Vahidi Shahrzad Javadinejad Parvin Mirzakochaki -
Open Access Article
18 - Study of interaction between plant nutrition and cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum
Parvin Younesi Hasan Reza Etebarian Ali Mohammad RoustaeeCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such MoreCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 on the growth of fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) on PDA medium and interaction between plant nutrition (N) and cucumber Fusarium wiltdisease on some cultivar of cucumber in greenhouse hydroponic culture were investigated. The effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 were investigated on growth area of F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on PDA medium by a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Variance analysis of growth area of the fungus showed significant effect on the different factors used in this experiment. The highest area growth of fungus was obtained at 0.1 g/l for KNO3 . Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) significantly reduced the mycelial growth compared to the control treatment. Effects of different N levels were investigated on two greenhouse cucumber cultivars (exterem and soltan) at the presence of fungus (F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum). A completely randomized design with 4 replications was used for this experiment. The results showed that increasing of nitrogen level (20 meq/l NO3-) compared to the control treatment (distilled water + fungus) decrease the disease severity. The results showed that cucumber nutrition with nitrogen affects the F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Also the importance of plant nutrituin management for decrease of disease severity was shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Study of cucumber plant nutrition effect by different levels of potassium on biological parameters and life table of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae)
M. Motahari K. Kheradmand A. M. Roustaee A. A. TalebiTwo-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of cucumber. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of potassium on biology and life table of this mite, cucumber plant was nourished by th MoreTwo-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of cucumber. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of potassium on biology and life table of this mite, cucumber plant was nourished by three levels of potassium including deficiency level of potassium K1 (5 meq­/­l K+), standard level of potassium K2 (7 meq­/­l K+) and excess level of potassium K3 (9 meq­/­l K+). The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions at 25±1 C°, 60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. Based on the obtained results, the mean of pre-imaginal developmental time in deficiency, standard and excess levels of potassium was 11.66, 12.15 and 11.35 days for males and 12.2, 11.78 and 10.73 days for females, respectively. The highest mean of females life span was observed in plants which nourished by the lowest concentration of potassium and showed significant different with two other levels of potassium. The maen of oviposition period in mentioned levels was 13.71, 8.18 and 11.72 days, respectively. Also the maximum value of total fecundity was recorded in deficiency level of potassium. Mortality percentage of pre-imaginal stages was estimated 30.74, 23.65 and 20.34% in mentioned levels, respectively. Age specific survival rate (lx) at adult emergence in deficiency, standard and excess levels of potassium was estimated 0.55, 0.66 and 0.73, respectively. The highest value of life expectancy (ex) in the start of the experiments was recorded as 35.31 days in 9 meq­/­l K+ concentration. The results showed that deficiency of potassium in cucumber plants is caused more reproduction in two- spotted spider mite. So proper management of plant nutrition can be one of the most effective strategies to control this pest in integrated pest management programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Shrimp Culture Impact on the Surface and Ground Water of Bangladesh
A. K. M. Munirul Haque M. Sarwar Jahan Md. Abul Kalam AzadA case study was carried out to see the impacts of shrimp culture on the surface (pond) and ground water (tube-well) quality in three coastal sub-districts of Bagherhat Sadar, Rampal and Morrelganj of Bangladesh. The people of Rampal (100%), Morrelgonj (87.5%) and Baghe MoreA case study was carried out to see the impacts of shrimp culture on the surface (pond) and ground water (tube-well) quality in three coastal sub-districts of Bagherhat Sadar, Rampal and Morrelganj of Bangladesh. The people of Rampal (100%), Morrelgonj (87.5%) and Bagherhat (75.5%) expressed that salinity of both surface and ground water increased after shrimp culture, and water becomes more turbid, odorous and less tasty compared to pre-shrimp culture scenario. The ground water pH was foo be slightly acidic (6.07– 6.71) but the surface water was mildly alkaline in nature (7.00–7.46). Ground water was more saline (1893–2673ppm) than surface water (513-2253ppm). Potassium level of surface water was very high (97-242ppm) compared to the ground water (11.73-27.37 ppm). This exceeds the WHO Guideline Value (10ppm) and the Bangladesh Standard for Drinking Water (12ppm). The pollution levels of phosphorous and iron were found to be a little higher but other pollutants like nitrate, boron and zinc were found to be very low in surface and ground water in the shrimp culture area of Bangladesh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation Response of Different Genotypes of Sugarcane to Absorb and Transfer of Nutrition Elements Affected Salinity Stress
Faraj Mosavi Alireza Shokuhfar -
Open Access Article
22 - Response of Yield and Morphophysiological Characteristics of Corn (SC 704) to Different Source of Potash Fertilizer under Deficient Irrigation Situation (at South West of Iran)
Sattar Kazemi Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
23 - Assessment Effect of Silicon on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Corn (Zea mays L.) Under Salinity Stress Conditions
Afsaneh Bolbol Sharifloo Mojtaba Yousefi Rad -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation Impact of Different Irrigation Regime and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat
Morteza Mohamadi Kamran Mohsenifar Abdolali Gilani -
Open Access Article
25 - Determining the Effect of Different Level of Fertilizer and Tuber Weight on Quantitative Traits of Potato Cultivar under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Mansour Timar Alireza Shokuhfar Naser Zarifinia -
Open Access Article
26 - بررسی تأثیر زهکش زیرزمینی بر کیفیت خاک در جنوب خوزستان
سیدماجد موسوی فرد خوشناز پاینده ابراهیم پناهپوردر اراضی کشاورزی، عناصر غذایی پرمصرف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به دلیل نیاز زیاد گیاهان به آنها از اهمیت وافری برخوردارند. با تأمین عناصر غذایی پرمصرف در خاک های سدیمی، وضعیت حاصلخیزی و رشد گیاهان بهبود می یابد. برهمین اساس به منظور بررسی تأثیر زهکش زیرزمینی بر کیفیت خاک د Moreدر اراضی کشاورزی، عناصر غذایی پرمصرف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به دلیل نیاز زیاد گیاهان به آنها از اهمیت وافری برخوردارند. با تأمین عناصر غذایی پرمصرف در خاک های سدیمی، وضعیت حاصلخیزی و رشد گیاهان بهبود می یابد. برهمین اساس به منظور بررسی تأثیر زهکش زیرزمینی بر کیفیت خاک در منطقه خوزستان، این آزمایش در قالب بلوک کاملا تصادفی در چهار نقطه با 3 تکرار در دو عمق (30-0) و (60-30) سانتیمتر در جنوب استان خوزستان در منطقه آلبونعیم واقع در شهرستان شادگان انجام گرفت. تحقیق در دو قطعه زمین، یکی دارای زهکش زیرزمینی و دیگری فاقد زهکش صورت گرفت. پس از انجام کامل عملیات مشاهده گردید که میزان شوری (EC) در عمق های (30-0) و (60-30) سانتیمتر در مزرعه زهکش دار کمتر از مزرعه فاقد زهکش بوده بطوریکه اختلاف معنی داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد را بین دو منطقه نشان می دهد. نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم تحت تاثیر زهکش زیرزمینی و عمق نمونه برداری قرار نگرفته و مقدار آنها اختلاف معنی داری را نشان نداد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluation of resistance inducer effect as a substitution of fungicide for downy mildew control in onion genotypes
Mohammad reza Eslahi Abdol-Sattar DarabiUsing plant resistance inducers leads to the reduction of disease incidence and severity. The effect of several resistance inducer compounds on onion downy mildew disease was tested in a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design comprising of 10 treat MoreUsing plant resistance inducers leads to the reduction of disease incidence and severity. The effect of several resistance inducer compounds on onion downy mildew disease was tested in a factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design comprising of 10 treatments in 3 replications at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station. Treatments consisted of chemical indicers in five levels of 50mμ dipotassium phosphate, 80mμ nicotinic acid and 3mμ salicylic acid, and ridomil mancozeb fungicide (3g/L) and control that treated with water. Treatments were applied 5 times from mid-February when the plants were in 3 to 4 leaf stage until late April every two weeks. Genotypes were in two levels including modified onion of Behbahan and Early White Texas. Disease severity was calculated by evaluating 40 plants in each treatment when the disease index in the control treatment was more than 75% in two middle rows of each plot in each treatment. The highest percentage of disease severity (75.50%) was observed in the control treatment with no spraying and the lowest rate of disease severity was observed in the application of Ridomil with 14.17%. The severity of the disease was 28.33%, 33.33% and 23.33% in dipotassium phosphate, salicylic acid and nicotinic acid treatments, respectively. Therefore, the use of resistance inducers can be a substitute of fungicides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effects of Different Cropping Systems on Fertility of Paddy Soil
A.A. Tabrizi G. Nour Mohammadi H.R. MobasserTo study the effects of multiple cropping systems on some characteristics of paddy field soil, this experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Mazandaran for two years during MoreTo study the effects of multiple cropping systems on some characteristics of paddy field soil, this experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Mazandaran for two years during 2009 - 2011 cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of four multiple cropping systems as: maize – clover - rice, maize – canola - rice, maize – broad been - rice and fallow - rice which were assigned to the plots. Results showed that pH and EC, were not significantly affected by multiple cropping systems, but the effect of multiple cropping systems on available organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were significant. The highest OM, total N and available P of paddy soil were obtained after maize – clover – rice.Highest available K was also obtained after fallow – rice cropping systems. The minimum OM, N, P and K content of paddy soil belonged to maize – canola – rice cropping system. Based on the climate and soil conditions of paddy fields in Mazandaran maize - clover – rice cropping system increased production and soil fertility more than other cropping systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Evaluation of Growth Indices and Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Forage Amaranth in Comparison with Forage Millet
Naser Zareh Bahram Amiri Hamid Reza Miri Omid Alizadeh Reza HamidiDrought is one of the major factors limiting productivity in agriculture and nutrition management, including the use of potash fertilizers, plays an important role in plant resistance to drought. In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of f MoreDrought is one of the major factors limiting productivity in agriculture and nutrition management, including the use of potash fertilizers, plays an important role in plant resistance to drought. In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forage amaranth in comparison with forage millet, a split factorial experiment was designed and conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 and 2017 in Saadatshahr region of Fars province. In this experiment, three irrigation intervals (5, 10 and 15 days) were used as the main factor, potassium fertilizer (50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) and forage plants (amaranth and millet) as sub-plots. The results of mean comparison of two-year combined analysis showed that amaranth had significantly more height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, dry forage yield, ash percentage, crude protein and carbohydrate content than millet. Increasing the irrigation interval reduced the height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, 1000-seed weight, percentage of crude fiber, dry matter yield, ash percentage, and soluble carbohydrates. By increasing potassium fertilizer level, plant height, stem diameter, inflorescence length, number of leaves per plant, percentage of crude fiber, dry forage yield, ash percentage, crude protein percentage, ADF percentage and NDF percentage in the plant decreased. In general, it can be concluded that amaranth plant has higher yield and drought tolerance than millet and the application of 150 kg.ha-1 of potassium fertilizer can be recommended to achieve higher yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Protein Profile in Wheat as Affected by Drought Stress and Nano-Chelate Potassium
sodabeh jahanbakhsh Nafiseh Asghari Asghari Ali Ebadi Nasibeh TavakoliTolerant systems in plants including wheat are affected by several chemical factors, like nano-chelate potassium. Use of nano-chelated potassium under drought stress reduces its negative effects and increase yield. To study protein profiles of wheat under drought stress MoreTolerant systems in plants including wheat are affected by several chemical factors, like nano-chelate potassium. Use of nano-chelated potassium under drought stress reduces its negative effects and increase yield. To study protein profiles of wheat under drought stress, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed. The first factore was three levels of irrigation (85%, 60% and 35% field capacity), the second factor consisted of three wheat cultivars (Zagros, Chamran and Kuhdasht) and the third factor consisted of four nano-chelated potassium concentrations (zero, 25, 45، 65 ppm). The results showed that concentrations of proline and carbohydrates which play a major role in plant defense mechanisms due to nano-chelated potassium treatment were increased. Catalase and butpolyphenol oxidase activity decreased with increasing concentrations of nano-chelate potassium, while peroxidase activity increased. The results of two dimentional electrophoretic studies showed changes of protein expression, due to the effect of nano-chelated potassium as a direct contact with the defensive system against drought stresses, such as 11, 6, 5, 19, 14 bands. Nano-chelated potassium is also associated with proteins involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein and final energy production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Effect of Topping on Yield and Qualitative Characteristics of Autumn Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars in Gorgan Condition
Nourallah Tazikeh Abbas Biyabani Alireza Saberi Ali Rahemi Karizaki Masoumeh NaimiLeaves are one of the most important organs of plants where food (starch and sugar) are produced. These materials are used to maintain plant tissues, growth and production of new leaves. In order to evaluate the commercial fall growing cultivars of sugar beet, their pot MoreLeaves are one of the most important organs of plants where food (starch and sugar) are produced. These materials are used to maintain plant tissues, growth and production of new leaves. In order to evaluate the commercial fall growing cultivars of sugar beet, their potential to produce new leaves, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at Varsan Agricultural Research Station (Gorgan), during 2018 growing season. The first factor consisted of 6 commercial sugar beet cultivars (5 foreign cultivars and Sharif, domestic) and the second factor of two times at toppings in May (middle stage of growth) and June (final stage of growth). Sugar beet root yield and some important quality characteristics were measured after harvesting. The results showed that the commercial cultivars showed significant differences in terms of yield and percentage of sugar (grade) at the one percent level of probability. Highest root yield was obtained from Jrakavas and lowest from veles cultivar. The highest percentage of sugar was due to veles and lowest to Rosagold cultivars. Topping reduced borb quantity and quality of sugar beet root, while May and June toppings reduced quality and yield of sugar beet root by 8.8% and 10.2% respectively as compared to the control treatment. The interaction effect of cultivar × topping was significant in all studied traits except root dry matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Response of Late Maturing Hybrids Seed Corn to the Application of Potassium Sulfate under Deficit Irrigation
Zohreh Henteh Henteh Roghayeh AminianTo study the effect of potassium sulfate on seed yield, yield components and traits affecting seed yield of late maturing corn, a split split plot experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in Kashan Desert Research Stati MoreTo study the effect of potassium sulfate on seed yield, yield components and traits affecting seed yield of late maturing corn, a split split plot experiment using a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in Kashan Desert Research Station. Irrigation levels consisted of complete irrigation and cutting off irrigation at panicle emergence and seed filling stages which were considered as the main factor, three levels of potassium sulfate 200 (recommendation based on the soil analysis), 245 and 290 kg.ha-1 as the subplot, and two single cross of corn, KSC 700 and 704, as sub-sub plots. Effect of irrigation on traits like seed number per row, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, relative water content and relative water loss were significant. The effect of cultivar on all traits, except relative water loss, and the effect of fertilizer on all traits, except number of rows per ear, were also significant. All of the KSC700 traits, except plant highest were better than those of cultivar KSC704. The highest values for the most traits were obtained in full irrigation condition, applying potassium sulfate at the rate of 290 kg.ha-1 for KSC 700. Cutting off irrigation at the panicle emergence of KSC 900 and seed filling of KSC 704 did not cause significant reduction in seed yield. Highest correlation of grain yield were obtained with number of kernels per row, 1000 grain weight and harvest index. Stepwise regression results showed that number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and 1000 grain weight in KSC 700, and biological yield and harvest index in KSC 704 justified 98.7 and 98.5 percent of changes, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of Foliar Application of Magnesium and Potassium Sulfate on Morphological, Biochemical and Yield Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) During Water Deficiet Stress
Arman Sotoodeh Tayeb Saki Nejad Alireza Shokuhfar Shahram Lak Mani MajaddamDrought stress is one of the most important factors that limiting the growth and yield of plants. In recent years the use of various methods to reduce its negative effects has been considered by many researchers. This experiment was performed as a split plot in the form MoreDrought stress is one of the most important factors that limiting the growth and yield of plants. In recent years the use of various methods to reduce its negative effects has been considered by many researchers. This experiment was performed as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks with four replications in two years. The effect of foliar application of different ratios of magnesium and potassium on the morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of maize (single cross cultivar 704) in different irrigation cycles (50, 75 and 100 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan) was evaluated. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of irrigation and magnesium to potassium ratio on the characteristics of height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, potassium uptake, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, Carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index had a statistically significant effect. The results of the study of the effect of potassium and magnesium on morphological and biochemical changes in drought tolerance in maize (Single Cross 704 cultivar) showed that consumption of these elements significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, ear length, number of seeds per ear, uptake rate Potassium, magnesium uptake, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index in water deficit conditions; So that the highest value of these traits in evapotranspiration conditions was 50 mm from the evapotranspiration pan and application of 200 kg of magnesium sulfate/ 300 kg of potassium sulfate. Also, foliar application of different concentrations of potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate by increasing the uptake of potassium and magnesium, preserving leaf chlorophyll, resulting in more effective photosynthesis as well as increasing the concentration of proline in plant leaves, moderate the negative effects of water deficiency and corn tolerance to conditions. Improve water shortage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of Different Potassium Levels on Yield and Growth Indices of Potato in Mashad Climate Condition
A. Sobhani H. HamidiTo study the yield and growth indices of potato under different potassium levels an experiment was conducted in Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran during 2010. Potassium levels 0, 90, 180 and 270 kg K2O per hectare were inc MoreTo study the yield and growth indices of potato under different potassium levels an experiment was conducted in Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran during 2010. Potassium levels 0, 90, 180 and 270 kg K2O per hectare were included. In the experiment the tuber yields were 18.90, 21.59, 22.26 and 24.94 t/ha in 0, 90, 180 and 270 kg K2O per hectare, respectively. Potassium increased total dry matter (TuDM), root dry matter (RDM), stem dry matter (SDM), leaf dry matter (LDM), tuber dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), and net assimilation rate (NAR).The maximum TDM (835 g.m2) was obtained in 270 kg K2O per hectare and lowest TDM (778 g.m2) was taken in 0 kg K2O per hectare. The maximum RDM, SDM, LDM and TDM were in 1600 GDD, 1800 GDD, 1500 GDD and 2300 GDD, respectively. The maximum RDM, SDM, LDM and TDM obtained in 270 kg K2O per hectare and were 26.1, 324.86, 171 and 500 g.m2, respectively. The maximum LAD (309.37 m2.GDD-1) was obtained in 270 kg K2O per hectare in 1600 GDD. In the general potassium increased all of the growth indices in potato. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Physiological Response of Common Glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.) to Potassium Nano-Particles Grown in Saline Soils around the Lake Urmia
Alireza Pirzad Mehdi JabbarzadehTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with th MoreTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the marginal lands of Lake Urmia in 2012. The treatments consisted of application of potassium nano-particle concentrations at five levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l of K nano-particles) applied, once, twice and three times. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant interaction between the levels and concentrations of potassium nano-particles sprayings on aerial parts with respect to their contents proline, total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids (xanthophyll and carotene) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium). The highest levels of proline (1.84 mg/g dry weight) at one time spraying 4 g/l of K, total soluble carbohydrates (66.9 mg/g dry weight) at three times spraying 4 g/l, total chlorophyll (26.23 mg/g fresh weight) and chlorophyll b (22.85 mg/g fresh weight) at two times of water spraying, and chlorophyll a (9.93 mg/g fresh weight) at three times of 4g/l of potassium nano-particles sprayings were obtained. The highest nitrogen (0.95 % of aerial parts) and phosphorus (2.99 g/kg dry weight of aerial parts) contents were obtained from three times water spraying. However, the highest amounts of aerial plant part of potassium (65.08 g/kg dry weight) and sodium (403 g/kg dry weight) belonged to the two times, and calcium (29.23 g/kg dry weight) to the three times spraying of 4 g/l nano-potassium. Despite of the high concentration of osmolytes by potassium spraying, the nutrient accumulations levels were not significantly different from each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effects of Potassium and Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications on Yield and Lodging of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Different Irrigation Regimes
Zahra Rabiei Naser Mohammadin Roshan Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi Ebrahim Amiri HamidReza DoroudianTo evaluate the effects of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and lodging characteristics of Gilaneh rice cultivar under two irrigation regimes (permanent flooding and irrigation with to 10 days interval) a field split split plot experiment based on complete ra MoreTo evaluate the effects of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and lodging characteristics of Gilaneh rice cultivar under two irrigation regimes (permanent flooding and irrigation with to 10 days interval) a field split split plot experiment based on complete randomized block design with 3 replications in Rasht. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers used were at the 0, 60 and 120 kg.ha-1 and 0, 80 and 160 kg.ha-1 as sub and sub sub factor, respectively. The results showed that the highest seed yield obtained about 3713 kg.ha-1 from permanent flooding with the application of 120 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer and 80 kg.ha-1 of potassium fertilizer and the lowest yield 634 kg.ha-1 from 10 days irrigation interval, without using of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers. The 10-day irrigation interval reduced the bending moment of the internode 4 by 40%. With increasing the rate of potassium fertilizer, the lodging index of intermediate 4 decreased, which was due to the increase of cellulose content by 60% in this intermediate. Increasing nitrogen and potassium fertilizers decreased the lodging index at internodes 3 and 4. Irrigation at 10 days intervals decreased plant height, internode bending moment, cellulose and hemicellulose and seed yield It increased lodging index of intermediate, butincreasing fertilizer levels in both irrigation regimes had adverse effect on the traits under study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Top-dressing of Potassium Fertilizers on Safflower
Neginsadat Amir Khalili Alidad Amiri Behzadi Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh SajiraniTo determine the effects of potassium foliar application (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium sulphate source and top-dressing application of potassium fertilizer (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium chloride source on number of seeds per capit MoreTo determine the effects of potassium foliar application (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium sulphate source and top-dressing application of potassium fertilizer (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium chloride source on number of seeds per capitulum, number of side branch per plant, seed yield, seed oil content, oil yield, seed to coat ratio, plant height and shoot dry weight in three safflower, genotypes including KW.2, Padideh and Goldasht a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was conducted during 2013 growing season at the Agricultural Research Center of Semnan province (Shahroud). Results showed that the highest average of number of seeds per capitulum (28.70), number of side branch per plant (17.83) and seed to coat ratio (1.47) were found in KW.2 genotype. The highest seed yield (2627.7 kg/ha) and oil yield (1350.5 kg/ha) were found from potassium sulphate foliar application in Padideh and KW.2 genotypes respectively. The interaction effect of genotype × potassium foliar application was significant for seed and oil yields. In conclusion, it was determined that potassium sulphate foliar application has better impacts on seed and oil yield of safflower genotypes than potassium top-dressing application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Effect of Hand Weeding Times on the Reduce of Herbicide Application in Sugar beet
Mohammad Nowbakht Alizadeh Sabzevari Mohammad Armin Matin Jami moeiniThe effect of times of weeding on reducing herbicide dose in sugar beet was studied in 2011-2012 in Jovein. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was herbicide doses (0, 25, 50, 75 MoreThe effect of times of weeding on reducing herbicide dose in sugar beet was studied in 2011-2012 in Jovein. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was herbicide doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose (Chloridazon 3.25 kg. a.i. ha-1 soil applied) and sub plot was times of hand weeding (0, one time hand hoeing, tow times hand hoeing, at 30 and 60 days after plant emergence). Traits like root yield and white sugar yields, impure sugar content, alkalinity coefficient, sodium, potassium, α-amino nitrogen and sugar content in molasses were evaluated. The result showed that the increased frequency of weeding reduced weed density, weed dry weight, α-amino nitrogen and percentage of impure and pure sugar contents, root yield and sugar yield. The least weed density and biomass of weeds were observed in recommended dose. Increasing the doses of herbicide increased impure sugar content (14.48%), α-amino nitrogen (57.86%), pure sugar (19.30%), root yield (77.67%) and sugar yield (111.17%) while it decreased potassium (18.77%), sodium (28.84%) contents and alkalinity coefficient (52.76%) as compared with that of control. For most of the traits, there were not statistically significant difference between the recommended dose and 75% of the recommended dose. Increasing the number of hand weedings reduced herbicide dosages. The, results finally showed that 25% dose reduction of herbicide in one time weeding and 50% dose reduction of it in twice weedings might produce desirable economic yield (root yield). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigation of the NPK Nutrition of Henna Ecotypes (Lowsonia inermis L.) Based on Photosynthetic and Growth Indices in Shahdad Area
Amin Pasandi Pour Hassan FarahbakhshDetermination of crop NPK requirements is important for proper crop growth. To determine the NPK nutrition of henna (Lowsonia inermis L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in the Shahdad, Kerman province, in 2015-2016. In MoreDetermination of crop NPK requirements is important for proper crop growth. To determine the NPK nutrition of henna (Lowsonia inermis L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in the Shahdad, Kerman province, in 2015-2016. In this study, response of three henna ecotypes (Bam, Shahdad and Roodbar) with four fertilizer combinations consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: K: P, 0: 0: 0, 100: 50: 50, 200: 100: 100, 300: 200: 150 kg/ha) were investigated for some growth indices like CGR, RGR, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. The results indicated that the highest mean of CGR, RGR, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and total dry yield belonged to Shahdad ecotype. While, there was no statistically significant difference between the Shahdad and Roodbar ecotypes for leaf dry yield. The effect of NPK nutrition treatment on the most of traits measured was significant at 1% probability level. The highest mean of traits measured belonged to NPK combination of 300: 200: 150, while the difference was not significant from 200: 100: 100 for leaf dry yield and RGR. In this study, the interaction of ecotype and nutrition was not significant for the traits under study. Therefore, according to the results, it can be concluded that Shahdad and Roodbar ecotypes and combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with a ratio of 200: 100: 100 are appropriate for henna in Shahdad climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Analysis of chemical properties and determination of two preservatives in industrial Dough consumed in Shiraz
M. Abbasvali H. Taleb Najafabadi A. Falah MehrjerdiThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt c MoreThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt content) were determined. The mean concentrations of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were 31.84 and 31.83 mg/kg, respectively. Based on Iranian National Standard (No 2453), none of these preservatives are permitted to be used in the dough. According to the results, 73.8% and 85.3% of the samples contained potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, respectively and consequently inappropriate for consumption. Moreover, pH, salt, fat and SNF contents in 100%, 95.1%, 70.5% and 100% of the samples were found in the acceptable limit, respectively. Among the samples, 11.5% had potassium sorbate and 23% had sodium benzoate, and 62.3% contained both of the preservatives. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of sodium benzoate and the shelf life of the samples. However, there was a significant correlation between the concentration of potassium sorbate and the shelf life (r= 0.37, p= 0.001). Despite the Iranian National Standard legislation, presence of these chemical preservatives in dough could be a public health concern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Evaluation of the relationship between serum lactate and potassium levels with clinical signs of calf diarrhea syndrome in calves referred to the large animal clinic of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Branch
A.P Rezaei Saber محمد Nouri علی Hasanpour Sh Farhang اکبر Arfaie Akhole Diarrhea in newborn calves is often accompanied by metabolic acidosis which is the main reason for the establishment of symptoms related to diarrhea syndrome such as lethargy, recumbency, decreased suckling strength and etc. In order to be informed of More Diarrhea in newborn calves is often accompanied by metabolic acidosis which is the main reason for the establishment of symptoms related to diarrhea syndrome such as lethargy, recumbency, decreased suckling strength and etc. In order to be informed of lactic acid levels in the blood of diarrheaic calves, samples were collected from 100 affected and 20 healthy calves as the control group referred to the large animal clinic. In this respect, 120 blood samples were collected from the jugular vein using Venoject tubes, their sera separated by centrifugation and stored at -20°C in micro tubes and lactic acid levels were determined by enzymatic method. In this study, mean lactic acid levels of 4.72±0.02 mmol/lit and 1.2±0.05 mmol/lit were recorded in diarrheaic and healthy calves. Also, mean potassium levels in healthy and diarrheaic calves were 4.20±0.03 mmol/lit and 6.70±0.01 mmol/lit respectively. The results of the present study indicated that there was a significant relationship between diarrheaic and serumic levels of lactic acid and potassium (P<0.01) and the increase in serumic levels of lactic acid and potassium brings about sign such as bradycardia, bradyphea and hypothermia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of the effect of priming on germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet cultivars (Beta Vulgaris L) under salinity conditions
Seyed GholamReza Salehi حشمت امیدی Mehdi Hasani Mohammad Hosein Bijeh KeshavarziThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics un MoreThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics under five levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dS/m) on germination and seedling growth in four replicates in a petri dish in laboratory conditions as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that the effect of seed priming and salinity stress on the average germination time, germination speed coefficient, germination variance, germination uniformity, root length, stem length, stem and root dry weight, water content relatively, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were significant. The results showed that in all three genotypes, the number of germinated seeds decreased with the increase in salinity level, and in the control levels and the use of water as a priming factor, this decrease was moderated. With the increase of salt concentration up to 12 ds level, the relative water content increased sigmoidally and showed a relatively stable trend at two levels of 12 and 16 ds. In most of the investigated traits, Shokofa variety has shown less reaction than other genotypes. In the investigation of the reaction process of genotypes to the speed, variance and homogeneity of germination in prime and salinity levels, it has shown a decrease with increasing salinity concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The effect of potassium on the yield and concentrations of microelements in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) under drought stress
seyed morteza zahedi Farzad Rasoli Gholamreza GohariIn order to study the effect of drought stress and application of potassium on seed yield, some biochemical characteristics, and the content of micronutrients such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in cowpea, a factorial experiment was carried out in randomiz MoreIn order to study the effect of drought stress and application of potassium on seed yield, some biochemical characteristics, and the content of micronutrients such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in cowpea, a factorial experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran in 2016. Treatments were water stress at two levels (normal or 100% and 50% field capacity) as the first factor and potassium at five levels (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg) as the second factor. Results showed that drought stress reduced the growth parameters and the concentration of the elements in plants while application of different levels of potassium increased shoot dry weight, yield, and carbohydrate by adjusting the effects of drought stress. Also, application of 120 mg potassium in stress conditions caused an increase in the concentration of Cu, Zn and, Mn. Findings seem to suggest that potassium improves growth characteristics in cowpea by decreasing the undesirable consequences of drought stress. Therefore, application of potassium sulfate is recommended as a strategy to mitigate the effects of draught stress in cultivation of cowpea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effect of different media cultures on some growth characteristics of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants under drought stress
Mahsa Bahrampour Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Mostafa Shirmardi Jalal GholamnezhadDrought is one of important environmental stresses that cause decreasing of production and yield in arid and semi-arid areas. Aim of this study was using of some amendment compounds in soil to increase marigold plant (Calendula officinalis L.) resistance to drought stre MoreDrought is one of important environmental stresses that cause decreasing of production and yield in arid and semi-arid areas. Aim of this study was using of some amendment compounds in soil to increase marigold plant (Calendula officinalis L.) resistance to drought stress. Experiments were performed in factorial according a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatment were consisted of six amendment compounds (control (only soil), 1 and 2 g/kg nano- potassium fertilizer, 30% of vase volume cocopeat, 30% of vase volume palm peat and 30% of vase volume madder plant residues) in three levels of drought stress (40, 60 and 80% of field capacity). According to the results by increasing the drought level, fresh and dry weight of flower and root significantly decreased. While peroxidase enzyme activity significantly increased. The highest fresh and dry weight of flower and root was obtained in plants were treated by madder plant residues. The lowest fresh and dry weight of flower and root in all drought levels obtained in plants were treated by palm peat. Plants were treated by palm peat in all three levels of drought did not show reproductive phase and flower. Fresh weight of flower had significant correlation by dry weight of flower, fresh and dry weight of root and phosphorus uptake. Generally, results showed that madder plant residues in compare to other treatments increased marigold resistance to drought stress and could be introduce as a suitable organic compound of media culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Simultaneous effects of silica nanoparticles, potassium, biological and nitrogen chemical fertilizers on the absorption of some elements and yield of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)
mehrdad Ghasemi Lemraski Hamid Madani Nasibe Rezvan talab salman dastanIn order to investigate the effect of silica and potassium nanoparticles and nitrogen levels in two native and improved rice varieties, a field experiment was conducted in Sari city in 2014. The experiment was split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with t MoreIn order to investigate the effect of silica and potassium nanoparticles and nitrogen levels in two native and improved rice varieties, a field experiment was conducted in Sari city in 2014. The experiment was split-factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Two native cultivars of local and improved Tarom Hashemi were considered as main factor and nitrogen fertilizer in three levels including 35 and 70 kg of urea per hectare with biological fertilizer nitroxin (without fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer) and nanoparticles in three levels of nanosilicon spraying, Potassium and their lack of use (control) were considered as a sub-factor as factorial. The results indicated that cultivar of Tarom Hashemi produced the maximum grain yield (5000 kg ha-1) with 70 kg of nitrogen and nanopotassium. For local Tarom cultivar, the highest yield of rice (4657 kg ha-1) was obtained by consuming 35 kg of nitrogen and nanopotassium. The highest concentration of silica was obtained by using nanosilica. The highest nitrogen and potassium concentrations were obtained with 70 kg N ha-1. For each cultivar, the highest concentration of potassium potassium was obtained using 70 kg of nitrogen plus nanoparticulate and nano-silica. Therefore, the use of nanoparticles in both cultivars increased the quantitative and qualitative yield of rice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Interaction of salinity and chromium on pigments and photosystem II function of Portulaca oleracea L.
Zahra Talebzadeh Rahele Rahbarian Mohabat Nadaf Hamid SobhanianThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some morphological and physiological characteristics of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) usin MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some morphological and physiological characteristics of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications and 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation and 5 levels of chromium (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 mg/ml). Kg (dry weight of soil) experiment was performed and before sowing seeds in soil with increasing potassium dichromate to soil, different levels of chromium treatment were prepared. The values of ion leakage, fresh and dry weight and leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total, chlorophyll stability coefficient, carotenoids, photosystem II efficiency and relative water content of leaves were measured after 60 days of planting. The results showed that with increasing different levels of chromium and salinity, a significant decreasing trend (P≤0.05) was observed in fresh and dry weight, leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids, photosystem II efficiency. The lowest efficiency of photosystem II and the highest rate of ion leakage were observed at salinity levels of 12 dS/m and chromium 28 mg/kg. The interaction of salinity and chromium had a significant decreasing effect on chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight and leaf area. Was alone. However, salinity and chromium reduced the growth of portulaca oleracea leaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for phytodesalination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine under different water salinity stresses
Sepideh Hoseini Roxana Moogouei Mehdi Borghei Zahra Abedi Mehdi RamezaniThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with thre MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included 4 salinity levels of zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 dS / m and two species of wheat and quinoa. In this study, traits such as total plant dry weight, accumulation of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total plant chlorine and the efficiency of water uptake by plants were measured. The results of this study showed that quinoa has more ability to absorb and accumulate elements than wheat and is a plant resistant to salinity stress. The results showed that the concentrations of sodium, chlorine and magnesium per plant (5.48, 10.12 and 1.12 g for wheat and 10.76, 11.65 and 2.66 g for wheat, respectively). Absorption efficiency of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from water (12.28%, 11.30% and 20.22% for wheat and 23.12%, 14.60% and 24.79% for quinoa, respectively). The results also showed that the amount of sodium, chlorine and magnesium accumulated in the plant and the efficiency of phytodesalination of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from saline water significantly increased with increasing in salinity for both wheat and quinoa. In the case of calcium and potassium bioaccumulation and phytodesalination efficiency decreased with increasing salinity. As a result, quinoa showed a significant bioaccumulation efficiency in dry weight production, compared to wheat, so it can be considered as an alternative plant for cultivation in salinity and dry climate conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The effect of sulfur fertilizers in intensifying or modulating the stressful effects of NPK fertilizer on the ornamental-medicinal plant Euphorbia tirucalli L. in potted conditions
Raheleh Farnia Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazeyar Ahmadi GolsefidiThe present study investigates the effect of sulfur fertilizer on Euphorbia tirucalli L. in pot culture conditions. Plants were cultivated under 10 NPK treatments with sulfur fertilizers (granular or bentonite, with or without thiobacillus and ammonium sulfate each in t MoreThe present study investigates the effect of sulfur fertilizer on Euphorbia tirucalli L. in pot culture conditions. Plants were cultivated under 10 NPK treatments with sulfur fertilizers (granular or bentonite, with or without thiobacillus and ammonium sulfate each in two concentrations) and one NPK treatment without sulfur, compared with the control in randomized complete blocks for 4 months. Growth parameters including dry and fresh weight of plants, roots, shoots and the ratio of fresh or dry weight of roots to plants as well as protein, chlorophyll, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur content in roots or shoots were measured. NPK fertilizer did not increase phosphorus and potassium uptake but decreased root growth. Addition of sulfur fertilizers except for bentonite sulfur with a concentration of 0.8 g per 80 cm2 of soil with Thiobacillus commercial liquid fertilizer, 250 ml / l, had no effect on recovering the negative effects of NPK and even in most treatments, shoot dry weight and fresh weight decreased. Ammonium sulfate showed the most negative effect on growth parameters. Also, some sulfur treatments had a positive effect on increasing the amount of shoot protein. Chlorophyll a, b and total levels did not show a significant difference between treatments. The effect of sulfur fertilizer on soil pH was different and higher concentration of granular sulfur fertilizer containing Thiobacillus caused a more severe drop. None of the sulfur treatments increased the phosphorus of the shoot and even some treatments had a negative effect on the phosphorus content of the roots as well as the potassium content of the roots and shoots. Only in the treatment of granular sulfur fertilizer with Thiobacillus at lower concentrations, root potassium content increased. Negative effects of sulfur fertilizers were not due to increased sulfur uptake, because the sulfur content changes between treatments were not significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation of biochemical parameters of Portulaca oleracea under chromium and salinity
Zahra Talebzadeh Raheleh Rahbarian mohebat Nadaf Hamid SobhanianThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some biochemical characteristics of portulaca oleracea. This study was conducted in a completely randomized greenhouse design with 3 replications. 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some biochemical characteristics of portulaca oleracea. This study was conducted in a completely randomized greenhouse design with 3 replications. 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m) were provided using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation and chromium treatment levels (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 mg/kg dry weight of soil) and before from seed cultivation in soil, different levels of chromium treatment were obtained by increasing potassium dichromate to soil. The levels of Soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in alcohol, proteins, proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were measured after 60 days of plant cultivation. The results showed that with increasing levels of chromium and salinity, the amounts of proline, peroxide, malondialdehyde, soluble carbohydrates increased, but insoluble carbohydrates and proteins decreased. The lowest amount of insoluble carbohydrates and proteins and the highest amount of proline, peroxide, malondaldehyde and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates were observed in the combined stress of salinity levels of 12 ds/m and chromium 28 mg/kg. The combined stress of salinity and chromium caused a further reduction in insoluble carbohydrates and portulaca protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Positive and negative effects of two types of iron fertilizers on growth, chlorophyll content, protein, phosphorus and some metal elements in the ornamental-medicinal plant Euphorbia tirucalli L. under pot culture conditions.
Fateme Bagheri Aryan Sateei Mazeyar Ahmadi golsefidi Mehdi EbadiEuphorbia tirucalli L. is an ornamental-medicinal plant. The present study investigates the effect of two types of iron fertilizers (HUM or Excel) in two concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 g per 80 cm2 of soil, with or without NPK (20 20 20) with a concentration of 3 g / l o MoreEuphorbia tirucalli L. is an ornamental-medicinal plant. The present study investigates the effect of two types of iron fertilizers (HUM or Excel) in two concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 g per 80 cm2 of soil, with or without NPK (20 20 20) with a concentration of 3 g / l on growth and the amount of potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese and magnesium in the roots and shoots. A total of 9 treatments and control in four replications were made in randomized complete blocks for 11 months. Growth parameters included dry and fresh weight of plant,, root and shoot, and ratio of fresh and dry weight of root to whole plant. In this study, general effects of iron fertilizers on the dry weight of plants, roots and shoots,, ratio of fresh and dry weight of roots to plants, shoot protein content, and root phosphorus were not significant. Addition of Excel + NPK(20 20 20) at higher concentration, reduced the fresh weight of plants and shoots significantly. HUM + NPK(20 20 20) at higher concentration caused a significant increase in chlorophyll content of the plant compared to the control samples, but no significant difference was observed between other treatments and the control sample in terms of chlorophyll content. Also, HUM + NPK (20-20 20) caused a significant increase in the amount of some metal elements in the roots or shoots of the plant compared to the control samples.Another highlight in this study is the negative correlation of growth parameters and the correlation of some other parameters with the plant zinc content. There is also a positive correlation between chlorophyll and iron levels. Another aspect of using iron fertilizer has been the change in the pattern of absorption and distribution of the elements between the roots and shoots of this plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc and potassium sources on growth factors and physiological of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivar SC704
tahereh tavan Mohammadali Rezaei mehrali mahmod janlouIn order to evaluate the changes obtained from nitrogen, zinc and potassium sources on the morphophysiology of hybrid Maize SC704 experimental in the form of complete randomized block design in four replications was conducted in spring and summer of 2018 in Golestan pro MoreIn order to evaluate the changes obtained from nitrogen, zinc and potassium sources on the morphophysiology of hybrid Maize SC704 experimental in the form of complete randomized block design in four replications was conducted in spring and summer of 2018 in Golestan province in an area located in Mazraeh Katoul. The treatment included nitrogen fertilizer, potassium, zinc alone, nitrogen + potassium, nitrogen + zinc, zinc + potassium, combined use of nitrogen + potassium + zinc, versus control. The results of analysis of variance showed that the treatments on grain yield, plant dry weight, corn length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, silk soluble sugars and silk protein were significant at a probability level of one percent. Application of these fertilizers increased corn length, plant dry weight and grain yield, as well as increased sugars and silk protein of corn and photosynthetic pigments of corn and the highest content of photosynthetic pigments was observed in the treatment of application of potassium fertilizer alone and combined application of fertilizers (Zn + K+ N). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of pre-sowing crop rotation and nitrogen consumption on quantities and qualities yield of rice (Oryza sativa)
Seysed Rasoul Mousavi Yousef Niknejad Hormoz Fallah Salman Dastan Davood Barrai TariRegular rice transplanting due to flooding, puddling and leveling has a negative impact on the soil structure, chemical properties and soil microbial activity. Therefore, the study was conducted on the effect of residues of pre-sowing some plants on quantitative and qua MoreRegular rice transplanting due to flooding, puddling and leveling has a negative impact on the soil structure, chemical properties and soil microbial activity. Therefore, the study was conducted on the effect of residues of pre-sowing some plants on quantitative and qualitative yield of rice in crop rotation. The experiment was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Sari region during 2016 and 2017. Six crop rotation levels including fallow (control), faba bean, clover, perko, buko, and clover + ramtil + phaselia were used as main plots and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer including no consumption (control), 50% less than recommendation amount, recommendation amount based on soil test and 50% more than recommendation amount were 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha of urea source as a sub plots, respectively According to the findings, the highest paddy yield (5147 kg/ha) was obtained for perko pre-sowing with 100 kg urea consumption per hectare, and pre-sowing of buko and multiple of clover + ramtil + phaselia was ranked next with 100 kg urea consumption per hectare. Totally, the highest paddy yield was achieved with pre-sowing of perko, buko, multiple of clover + ramtil + phaselia and clover and nitrogen consumption equals 100 kg urea per hectare. But, in pre-sowing of faba beans and fallow, the highest paddy yield was obtained with nitrogen consumption higher than recommendation amount (150 kg/ha). The highest protein yield was attributed to perko and buko pre-sowing. Moreover, the highest conversion efficiency, amylose content and gel consistency were obtained with perko pre-sowing, and these parameters got ranked next with pre-sowing of buko, clover + ramtil + phaselia, clover and faba bean, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Investigating the effects of six types of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, and the content of chlorophyll , protein, phosphorus, and potassium in Euphorbia tirucalli L. under pot culture conditions
Athare Zabihi Aryan Sateei Mazeyar Ahmadi golsefidi Mehdi EbadiThe present study investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth indices, chlorophyll content, protein of the aerial parts, and the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the roots and aerial parts of Euphorbia tirucali. Plants obtained from seven-month cuttin MoreThe present study investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth indices, chlorophyll content, protein of the aerial parts, and the amount of potassium and phosphorus in the roots and aerial parts of Euphorbia tirucali. Plants obtained from seven-month cuttings, spent a period of four months in soil without fertilizer (control) or in twelve treatments including biofertilizer containing Azotobacter crococum, urea fertilizer and four common types of NPK fertilizer in two concentrations of 2 and 4 g / l in complete randomized blocks in the greenhouse of the Islamic Azad University of Gorgan from the beginning of March 2019.The growth indices including the dry and fresh weight of the plant, roots and shoots as well as the ratio of fresh and dry weight of the root to the plant have been studied.The results of the present study showed that, contrary to expectations, chemical fertilizers, especially urea, mostly reduced the growth indices and especially the growth of the root system. Biofertilizer also did not improve growth indices compared to the control. Also, the use of these fertilizers did not increase the protein content of the aerial parts. Despite the increase in root potassium in some treatments or the increase in phosphorus transfer from root to shoot in most treatments, the correlation study showed that changes in root potassium or shoot phosphorus content were not correlated with growth changes. However, increase in shoot phosphorus showed a significant positive or negative correlation with shoot chlorophyll a and b content, respectively. Changes in chlorophyll content also had a negative correlation with root system development. The need to reconsider the cost of nitrogen fertilizer for this plant is a practical result of the present work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation of morphophysiological reaction of Eryngium campestre under the influence of nitroxin, humic acid and glycine
Zeinab Nasrollahnejad Khodayar Hemmati Vahid Erfani Moghaddam Mehrdad BabarabieEryngium campestre is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, which is very important in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glycine, nitroxin fertilizer, and humic acid on morphophysiological traits of E MoreEryngium campestre is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, which is very important in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glycine, nitroxin fertilizer, and humic acid on morphophysiological traits of Eringum campster. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 factors namely, nitroxin (0, 1, 2 ml.l-1), humic acid (0, 1, 2 ml.l-1), and glycine (0, 75, 150 g.L-1) and 3 replications in the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in the autumn of 2019. The measured traits included root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length, plant height, number of leaves, leaf surface, and absorption rate of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus elements by leaves. Results showed that the traits measured under nitroxin, glycine, and humic acid factors separately and in combination with each other were significantly different compared to the control. In general, the results showed that the factors used in this study had the potential to improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of the Eringum campster plant and can be used in commercial production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effects of potassium and gibberellin alone or in combination on the pigments and growth parameters of lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
گیتی Barzin, R.A Khavari-Nejad, حمید Fahimi, ُُS Saadatmand,In this study, we evaluated the effects of potassium (5, 10, 15, and 20mM KCl) and gibberellin (0.05 and 0.1mM), either alone or in combination, on the amount of carotenoids and chlorophyll a & b and also on the plant growth parameters including NAR and RGR on 37&nd MoreIn this study, we evaluated the effects of potassium (5, 10, 15, and 20mM KCl) and gibberellin (0.05 and 0.1mM), either alone or in combination, on the amount of carotenoids and chlorophyll a & b and also on the plant growth parameters including NAR and RGR on 37–day plants of lentil. It showed that the amount of above mentioned pigments was affected by various levels of either potassium or gibberellin alone. In addition, all of the plant growth parameters increased significantly by each of the evaluated levels of potassium and GA3. However, the combination of K and GA3 did not have any additive effect either on the pigment content or on the plant growth parameters. We concluded that the addition of potassium and gibberellin to a growing lentil might increase the amount of carotenoid and chlorophyll and enhanced the plant growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Photocatalytic degradation of phenylephrine hydrochloride in aqueous solutions by synthesized SnO2-doped ZnO nanophotocatalyst
Masoud Giahi Akram Hoseinpour Dargahi -
Open Access Article
57 - Iron and zinc interaction on leaf nutrients and the essential oil of Pimpinella anisum L.
Alireza Pirzad Mohsen Barin -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluation of uptake rate and distribution of nutrient ions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under waterlogging condition
Seyed Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
59 - Identification of QTLs related to rice seedling traits under K deficiency stress in Iranian inbred lines population
Hossein Sabouri Abdollatif Gholizadeh Sharifeh Alegh , Somayyeh Sanchouli Mahnaz Katouzi -
Open Access Article
60 - Effect of Potassium Silicate on Growth and Biochemical Attributes of Tomato under Salt Stress
Riti Kapoor Pooja Yadav -
Open Access Article
61 - Effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate on the growth and flowering of Gazania rigens (L.)
Zahra Nasiri Elham DanaeeGazania, belongs to the family Asteraceae, is widely grown in gardens and other environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluated the effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate treatments on the growth and flowering of gazania. For these purposes, a c MoreGazania, belongs to the family Asteraceae, is widely grown in gardens and other environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluated the effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate treatments on the growth and flowering of gazania. For these purposes, a completely randomized design was used, with three levels of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (25, 50 and 100 μM/l), potassium silicate (PS) at the concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg/l and control. Some important traits such as fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, number of flowers, root volume, longest root length, plant height, cell membrane stability index, petiole carotenoid, leaf chlorophyll, protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and flower longevity. It was observed that plan that shoot fresh/dry weight, flower number, root length, plant height, carotenoid, leaf chlorophyll was increased under 100 mg/l PS treatment. The results suggest that the application of 50 μM/l SNP has favorable effects on the raise root fresh/dry weight, root volume, cell membrane stability index, protein, SOD and POD activity. Over the growth stage, 50 mg/l PS was found to be the best treatment to maintain flower longevity with 7.2 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of low temperature tolerance indices in seedlings of Citrus aurantium under potassium nitrate nutrition.
Zeinab Rafie Rad Esmaeil Dordipour Yahya Tajvar -
Open Access Article
63 - بررسی اثر کود پتاسمی زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش (Catharanthus roseus Cv. ‘Acillata’)
مریم جدید سلیماندارابی داود هاشم آبادی فاطمه زارع دوستمطالعه حاضر بهمنظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدینمنظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش­های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال × ریشه Moreمطالعه حاضر بهمنظور بررسی اثر کود پتاسه زیستی و شیمیایی روی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پروانش انجام شد. بدینمنظور آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 2 فاکتور: 1) روش­های مختلف کاربرد کود بیولوژیک پتاسه (شاهد (B0)، بذرمال (B1)، ریشه مال (B2)، بذرمال × ریشهمال (B3)) و 2) سطوح مختلف پتاسیم شیمیایی (0 (K0)، 100 (K1)، 200 (K2) و 300 (K3) میلیگرم در لیتر) در 3 تکرار و 48 واحد آزمایشی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلدانی متعلق به تیمار ریشهمال × 100 میلیگرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی (58/35 روز) بود. بیشترین تعداد شاخه جانبی (66/3)، تعداد برگ (88/42)، وزن تر بوته (69/17 گرم)، تعداد گل (46/4) و کلروفیل a (61/10 میلیگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) به تیمار بذرمال × 300 میلیگرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی اختصاص داشت. تیمار ریشه مال × 200 میلی­گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی برترین تیمار در صفت پتاسیم گیاه (9/28 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. بیشترین مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ (04/178 میلیگرم در 100 گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار "بذرمال × ریشهمال" × بدون پتاسیم شیمیایی مشاهده شد. مناسبترین تیمار جهت بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گل پروانش تیمار بذرها با کود بیولوژیک و 300 میلی­گرم در لیتر پتاسیم شیمیایی معرفی می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - بررسی رشد کاج مطبق (Araucaria excelsa L.) در چند روش مختلف کود دهی
Shirin Seyed Nasir Hosein Nikfarjamیکی از مشکلات اساسی کشت گیاهان زینتی، فقدان یک برنامه علمی و کاربردی کود دهی است و تغذیه گیاه معطوف به بستر کشت است. یک طرح کاملا تصادفی برای بررسی 8 روش مختلف کود دهی با استفاده از کودهای سولفات آمونیوم، سولفات پتاسیم، دیآمونیوم فسفات، فریلن و کریستالون در گلخانهای د Moreیکی از مشکلات اساسی کشت گیاهان زینتی، فقدان یک برنامه علمی و کاربردی کود دهی است و تغذیه گیاه معطوف به بستر کشت است. یک طرح کاملا تصادفی برای بررسی 8 روش مختلف کود دهی با استفاده از کودهای سولفات آمونیوم، سولفات پتاسیم، دیآمونیوم فسفات، فریلن و کریستالون در گلخانهای در چابکسر گیلان طراحی و اجرا شد. صفاتی که اندازهگیری شدند شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخههای جانبی، تعداد طبقات و فاصله آنها، وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ساقه و وزن کل بود. نتایج نشان داد که رشد گیاه در تیمار محلولپاشی فریلن و کریستالون با غلظت یک در هزار به تعداد سه مرتبه افزایش معنیداری نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر داشت. شرایط رشد گیاه در تیمار مصرف پایه کودهای سولفات آمونیوم، سولفات پتاسیم و دیآمونیوم سولفات به ترتیب به مقدار 2، 1 و 5/0 گرم در هر گلدان، مشابه تیمار فریلن و کریستالون بود. در کل بهترین رشد گیاه در تیمار سه مرتبه محلولپاشی فریلن و کریستالون به دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - اثر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کمپوست آزولا بر خصوصیات فیزیکی بستر کشت، رشد و تغذیه گیاه آهار (Zinnia elegans)
مریم مرعشی داود شفقتیان علی محبوب خمامیتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 Moreتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 و 50 درصد حجم جایگزین خاک شدند. این تحقیق بر اساس یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه عدد از هر گیاه با 54 گلدان انجام شد. خصوصیات شیمیایی بستر شامل هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، مقدار نیتروژن و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم اندازه­گیری شد. شاخص­های رشد گیاه شامل وزن تر و خشک برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل و مقدار کلروفیل برگ و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­های گیاه آهار اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان رشد در تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست آزولا و کمترین میزان رشد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. کمپوست آزولا باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­ها شد که این نشان­دهنده افزایش کیفیت تغذیه گیاه است. مقادیر بیشتر کمپوست (40 و 50 درصد) باعث کاهش شاخص­های رشد گیاه در مقایسه با تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست شد، اما در تیمارهای مشابه، رشد گیاه به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از شاهد بود. به­طورکلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که کمپوست آزولا می­تواند به­عنوان ماده آلی مناسبی در محیط کشت آهار مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم در تخفیف تنش شوری در گیاه زینتی جعفری
ابوالفضل باباپور چالکی محمود شور سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی بهرام عابدیبه منظور ارزیابی اثر مواد تخفیف دهنده اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری زینتی (Tagetes erecta L.Nana) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در تابستان 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان مش Moreبه منظور ارزیابی اثر مواد تخفیف دهنده اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری زینتی (Tagetes erecta L.Nana) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در تابستان 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان مشهد انجام شد. فاکتور اول سطح شوری در چهار سطح ( 0، 4، 8 ، 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتور دوم سیلیکات پتاسیم در سه سطح ( 0 ،100 ، 150 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد شوری و سیلیکات پتاسیم تاثیر معنی داری بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه در سطح شوری صفر با 100ppm سیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک گیاه اندامهای هوایی در شوری 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 150 ppm سیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان پتاسیم برگ در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر و با کاربرد 100 ppm سلیکات پتاسیم و بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم ریشه در تیمار شوری 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 100 ppm حاصل شد. نتایج نشان دادکه در گیاه گل جعفری در شوری های بالا (بیشتر از 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر ) ترکیب سیلیکات پتاسیم نتوانست تاثیر مطلوبی بر رشد گیاه داشته باشد. استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر توانست غلظت سدیم را در بافتهای برگ کاهش و مقدار پتاسیم را افزایش داد هرچند مقدار افزایش پتاسیم در شوری های پایین بیشتر بود. به طور کلی استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم میتواند به عنوان یک ماده مکمل در تغذیه گیاهی در شوریهای پایین مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - اثر بسترهای کشت مختلف روی گیاه شیپوری (Zantedeschia spp)
محمدعلی خلج محمد حسین عظیمی پگاه صیادامینگل شیپوری (Zantedeschia spp.) از تیره شیپوری یک گیاه چند ساله علفی است و استفاده تجاری از این گیاه برای گل­ های شاخه بریده، فضای سبز و محوطه سازی می باشد. هیچ مرجعی برای مطالعه اثرهای بسترهای مختلف رشد بر روی این گیاه وجود ندارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی بسترهای مختل Moreگل شیپوری (Zantedeschia spp.) از تیره شیپوری یک گیاه چند ساله علفی است و استفاده تجاری از این گیاه برای گل­ های شاخه بریده، فضای سبز و محوطه سازی می باشد. هیچ مرجعی برای مطالعه اثرهای بسترهای مختلف رشد بر روی این گیاه وجود ندارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی بسترهای مختلف رشد بر پارامترهای رشد و وضعیت تغذیه­ ای گل شیپوری می ­باشد. آزمایش در گلخانه با رطوبت نسبی 5 ±70 و دمای 4 ± 24 در سال 1398 تا 1399 در قالب یک طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی به اجرا درآمد. تیمارها شامل 13 محیط رشد با نسبتهای 80:20، 60:60، 40:60 و 20:80 پرلیت به کوکوپیت، 80:20، 60:40، 40:60 و 20:80 پرلیت به پیت ماس، 25:75، 50:50 و 75:25 پرلیت ریزدانه به پرلیت، پرلیت ریزدانه و پرلیت به­ تنهایی بودند. تغییر نسبت پرلیت به کوکوپیت از 80:20 به 20:80 باعث افزایش وزن اندام هوایی در مقایسه با پرلیت به ­تنهایی شد. تغییر از 80:20 تا 40:60 پرلیت به کوکوپیت، طول، عرض و تعداد برگ را افزایش داد. افزایش کوکوپیت یا پیت ماس به پرلیت منجر به افزایش قطر سوخ شد، اما این افزایش در نسبتهای بالاتر آن­ ها کمتر بود. نسبت­ های 80:20، 60:40 و 40:60 پرلیت به پیت ماس سبب افزایش نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ شد. به ­دلیل جذب بهتر عناصر غذایی ضروری ترکیبات محیط رشدی به­ کار رفته در این آزمایش مفید بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Study of salinity effect on grain yield, sodium and potassium accumulation on Eighteen wheat (Triticum aestium L.) genotypes in grain-filling stages
shabnam Kamiab Khalil Alami-Saeid Mohammadreza Eslahi Mohammad MoradiSalinity stress is a major problem of limiting agricultural productivity and plant growth in many regions of the word including south-west Iran. There are various practices that can apply including Improvement of saline soils and irrigation management and introduction o MoreSalinity stress is a major problem of limiting agricultural productivity and plant growth in many regions of the word including south-west Iran. There are various practices that can apply including Improvement of saline soils and irrigation management and introduction of toleratedcultivars. The aim of experiment is introducing tolerant and semi tolerant cultivars in many regions for acceptable crop yields. Breeding for salinity tolerance, pot experiment under natural conditions in a completely randomized design and enforced in three replications in three states in a stress, fourteen ds/m and twenty-one ds/m. Genotypes were evaluated for salinity tolerance by using dry matter of grain, seed number, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and relative water content, leaf Na+, leaf K+, leaf K+/Na+. Sirvan cultivar at both salinity levels 14 (17.30 mg/g) and 21 (28.43 mg/g) ds/m, had the highest amount of leaf sodium and aflak cultivar (8.70 mg / g dry weight), had the lowest sodium concentration under 21 ds/m salinity stress. According to the results, among the genotypes studied, aflak as resistant cultivar, Sirvan as susceptible and Arg cultivar as a medium were selected from varieties adapted to Khouzestan conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Biochemical Response of Different Hybrids of Corn to Consumption of Biological and Chemical Potassium Fertilize and Drought Stress in Dehloran climatic
Mohamad Sadegh Azadi1,2 Alireza Shokoohfar2* Mani Mojadam2 Shahram Lak2 Mojtaba Alavifazel2This study was carried out to evatuate the effects of combined application of chemical and biological Potassium fertilizer, on biochemical characteristics and grain yield of corn hybrids under drought stress conditions in 2015 and 2016 years in Dehloran city. The experi MoreThis study was carried out to evatuate the effects of combined application of chemical and biological Potassium fertilizer, on biochemical characteristics and grain yield of corn hybrids under drought stress conditions in 2015 and 2016 years in Dehloran city. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main factor consists of three levels of stress,optimum irrigation, irrigation cut in 12 leaf stage and irrigation cut at the corn flower emergence stage, Sub-factor contains of three levels of potassium: application of 100% fertilizer requirements as Potassium sulfate fertilizer, application of 70% Potassium sulfate fertilizer along with 30% Pta-Barvar-2 bio-fertilizer, 50% Potassium sulfate fertilizer along with 50% Pta-Barvar-2 bio-fertilizer and sub-sub- factor contains of three corn hybrids: AS71, NS640 and CORDONA. The results of compound analysis showed that the interaction between year, drought stress, fertilizer and hybrid were significant on chlorophyll content, proline and grain protein at 1% probability level. Also, the interaction of drought stress, fertilizer, hybrid had significant effects on the enzyme superoxide dismutase, potassium grain and grain yield. Also, Application of biological and chemical potassium fertilizers under drought stress had a positive effect on biochemical characteristics and grain yield. Based on the interaction between treatments, the highest grain yield (12230 kg.ha-1) was found in 50% potassium fertilizer + 50% fertilizer Peta Fertilizer in hybrid AS71 under favorable irrigation conditions and the lowest grain yield (4616 kg.ha-1) obtained by NS640 hybrid and 100% chemical fertilizer application and by the irrigation cut at the corn flower emergence stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of Pseudomonas and chemical fertilizer of potassium sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.)
Layla Neiayeshpoor1 Seyed Keyvan Marashi2 Abolali GilaniIn order to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria and potassium sulfate fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in summer 2015 in Shavo MoreIn order to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria and potassium sulfate fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in summer 2015 in Shavour Agricultural Research Station, affiliated to the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan. The treatments included: T1: Without inoculation and use of potassium fertilizer at recommended rate (as control), T2: using autoclaved inoculum and using chemical fertilizer of potassium as recommended, T3: inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas and application of potassium fertilizer to Recommended rate, T4: Inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas without the use of potassium fertilizer and T5: Inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas and Potassium fertilizer use were 50% less than recommended rate. The results showed that the effect of treatments on the number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, starch percentage and potassium percentage of seed and in regard to phosphorus percentage was not significant. The maximum grain yield and biological yield was belonged to T3 treatment. T4 treatment showed the minimum grain yield and biological yield. There was no significant difference between two treatments of T3 and T5 in terms of starch percentage. The highest amount of potassium was obtained from T3 treatment and showed the lowest amount of T4 treatment. In general, there was no significant difference between T3 and T5 treatments in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of yield and the T5 treatment was recommended as a suitable treatment due to reduced potassium fertilizer in terms of sustainable agriculture and reduction of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of potassium nano-chelate and ascorbic acid on grain yield and some qualitative characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L., Kamran cultivar)
Sara Barat Zadeh Tayeb Saki Nejad2* Teymour Babaei NejadIn order to investigate the effect of potassium nano chelate and ascorbic acid on acid yield and some qualitative characteristics of cowpea seed, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Sh MoreIn order to investigate the effect of potassium nano chelate and ascorbic acid on acid yield and some qualitative characteristics of cowpea seed, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Shahid Salemi Research Farm in Ahvaz. Factors included different amounts of potassium nano fertilizer at three levels (0, 2 and 4 liters per hectare), and levels of ascorbic acid (0, 15 and 30 mM). Results showed that there was significant difference at 1% probability level between potassium nano fertilizer and ascorbic acid in number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage and potassium percentage. Among the measured traits, only interaction of potassium nano chelates and ascorbic acid on harvest index was significant at five percent. The highest harvest index was obtained with four liters per hectare potassium nano chelate and sprays application with 30 mM ascorbic acid with 39.68% and the lowest harvest index with 24.03% non-foliar treatment. The highest grain yield was obtained using 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM ascorbic acid, respectively, with 3640 and 3183 kg.ha-1, and the lowest grain yield was obtained by control. The highest protein percentage was obtained by spraying with 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM ascorbic acid, respectively, with 22.02 and 23.57 percent, respectively, and the lowest one was in control. In general, according to the results spraying with 4 liters.ha-1 of potassium nano fertilizer and 30 mM of ascorbic acid increases the quantitative and qualitative yields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Survey of anatomical features, yeild reaction of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and the amount of soil potassium in response to potassium nitrate
Maryam kolahi Sobhan Mousavi Hossein Haj sharafi Mehdi mosavati mohammad hosein sheikhorezaei Elham saffar Atefeh Kord zangenehAfter Nitrogen, Potassium is an essential and most consumed element, in plant’s growth. Potassium has very important functions to regulation the osmotic potential of the cell amass retention, the development of cells and stomata activity. Sugarcane (Saccharum offi MoreAfter Nitrogen, Potassium is an essential and most consumed element, in plant’s growth. Potassium has very important functions to regulation the osmotic potential of the cell amass retention, the development of cells and stomata activity. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), as an important product for the supply sugar and side industries, due to the high biomass need to attract a large amount of potassium during its life cycle. This research was done as a complete randomized block design, in applied research farm of Amir-Kabir Agro-industry. To do research, treatment of potassium nitrate fertilizer was applied at three levels, control, 75 and 150 kg/h potassium. During the implementation of the research the density, yield, weight of stem, amount of available, fixed potassium and anatomical structure of plant aerial part were studied. Applying potassium fertilizer on treatment did not show significant changes on density and yield of the plant in the farm. As well as the amount of fixed potassium under the influence of potassium fertilizer treatment did not show significant changes, but in treatment 150 kg/ha, a significant difference in the amount of available potassium was seen. The amount of the stem weight in the treatment of 150 kg/ha potassium in compared to control and treatment of 75 kg/ ha potassium showed significant difference. Often anatomical characteristics showed significant changes in sugarcane under the potassium treatment. The consumption of potassium fertilizer at the time of use didn’t developed growing conditions of sugarcane. Anatomical changes of aerial organs under the potassium fertilizer consumption represented the anatomical adaptation of plant to increase the soil potassium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions
Ahmad AfkariSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) u MoreSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil in 2013 was carried out. Experimental treatments include drought stress at four levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and three pre-treatments including potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1% and 2%, water as hydro priming and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and priming on germination components and antioxidant enzymes was significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the percentage of germination, pace of germination, rootlet length, seedling length and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and priming showed that the maximum activity of Antioxidant enzymes were obtained by pre-treatment of potassium nitrate with a concentration of 1% in a -12 bar drought level. In general, it can be concluded that basil seed pre-treatment with 1% potassium nitrate improves the basil germination parameters under drought stress conditions and increased the tolerance of basil plant to drought stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Effect of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide as adjuvant on the formation of {PEG 600-potassium citrate} aqueous biphasic system at different temperatures
Sholeh Hamzehzadeh Mostafa AbbasiAbstract: In biotechnology, separation, extraction, and purification of biomolecules using aqueous biphasic systems, as environmental and economic sustainable alternatives for conventional water-organic solvent extraction techniques, have always been the focus of great MoreAbstract: In biotechnology, separation, extraction, and purification of biomolecules using aqueous biphasic systems, as environmental and economic sustainable alternatives for conventional water-organic solvent extraction techniques, have always been the focus of great attention and examina-tion. One approach proposed by researchers is based on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as adjuvants in ABS, making the capability of these systems for the extraction of biomolecules to be promoted. In this regard, this work is devoted to study the effect of IL 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([C4C1im] Br) on the formation of ABS Composed of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weight 600 and a biodegradable organic salt potassium citrate. For this purpose, the binodal curves and the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the studied ABS, along with the partition coeffi-cients of [C4C1im]Br were determined at two temperatures of 278.15 K and 318.15 K. The results obtained indicate that the ability of [C4C1im]Br to promote the formation of the studied ABS de-creases with increasing temperature, so that at 318.15 K, the addition of IL makes the formation of two-phase system more difficult. In addition, [C4C1im]Br displays the partition coefficients greater than one for all the compositions and temperatures studied, which increases with increasing TLL at a given temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Effect of salinity on morphological and physiological activities Accumulation in Mustard Plant (Brassica nigra.)
Mahroo Ghadrian -
Open Access Article
76 - Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Macro-elements on the Amount of Production in Flue – cured Tobacco Coker 374
عليرضا فرخIn order to verify the effects of nitrogen and potassium on yield and yield components of flue-cured tobacco, an experiment was carried out in agronomical year of 2009 in Rasht Tobacco Research Institute in the form of factorial with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Fer MoreIn order to verify the effects of nitrogen and potassium on yield and yield components of flue-cured tobacco, an experiment was carried out in agronomical year of 2009 in Rasht Tobacco Research Institute in the form of factorial with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Fertilizing levels used were ( N1 ) 35, ( N2 ) 45, ( N3 ) 55, ( N4 ) 65 kg of net nitrogen per hectare from urea fertilizer source and ( K1 ) 150 and ( K2 ) 200 kg potassium per hectare from potassium sulfate source. Variety used in this experiment was coker 347, dry leaf yield, stalk height, stalk diameter and the number of leaves on the bush. On the basis of gained results, the effect on nitrogen on dry leaf yield at level of 1% (p<%1 ) and on the stalk height the stalk diameter at level of 5% ( p<%5 ) was significant. The effect of potassium on dry leaf yield and stalk diameter at level of 1% ( p<51 ) and stalk height and leaf number on bush at level of 5% was noticeable. Also interaction effect of nitrogen and potassium on dry leaf yield and stalk diameter at levels of %1 ( p<%1 ) and 5% ( p<%5 ) showed a significant effect respectively. The use of 65 kg N/ha and 200 kg K/ha had given the highest dry leaf yield with the mean of 2194 kg/ha. Application of 55 kg N/ha and 200 kg K/ha had given the highest stalk diameter with mean of 23.12 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Screening of indigenous potassium-solubilizing bacterial strains and evaluation of their ability in solubilisation of absorbable potassium
Jafar Dorjdor Sajjad Yazdansetad Mohammad Hosein Arzanesh Hatef AjoudanifarBackground & Objectives: Approximately 98% of total potassium in soil is in unavailable mineral forms for plants. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria are able to dissolve potassium bearing silicate minerals and release available form of potassium to the plants. The pres MoreBackground & Objectives: Approximately 98% of total potassium in soil is in unavailable mineral forms for plants. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria are able to dissolve potassium bearing silicate minerals and release available form of potassium to the plants. The present study was intended to isolate potassium-solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil of crop plants and to evaluate the ability of isolates in solubilisation of absorbable potassium. Material & Methods: Potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of different crop plants. The isolates were grown on optimized Aleksandrov agar and were assayed based on the diameter of zone of potassium solubilization. The selected isolates were identified using macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular methods. The Flame photometry was used to quantify potassium released by isolates in Aleksandrov broth and soil. Results: Totally, 5 out of 30 isolates with ability to release potassium showed high activity in potassium solubilisation. The biochemical and molecular studies indicated that these isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas. The flame photometry results showed that the amount of potassium released by the isolates ranged from 950 to 1250 mg/l in broth media and 525 to 550 mg/kg in soil. Conclusion: The potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and identified from rhizosphere samples and identified. These isolates showed high ability for solubilisation of silicate minerals and release of absorbable potassium and therefore they can be used in biofertilizers to enhance the availability of potassium in the soils and to improve the growth and yield of crop plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Improved Sorbitol MacConkey Agar Medium Containing Cefixime and Potassium Tellurite for Isolation and Diagnosis of E. coli O157:H7 from clinical case
Yahya Tahamtan Masomeh Hayati Mohammad Mehdi Namavari Gholam Reza MoazeniIntroduction and Objectives: E. coli O157:H7 form colorless colonies on SMAC and may be distinguished from intestinal flora. Some Enterobacteriaceae present in gut, also grow on SMAC and made difficulty to differentiation and diagnosis. Therefore modification and improv MoreIntroduction and Objectives: E. coli O157:H7 form colorless colonies on SMAC and may be distinguished from intestinal flora. Some Enterobacteriaceae present in gut, also grow on SMAC and made difficulty to differentiation and diagnosis. Therefore modification and improvement of SMAC medium is necessary to select E. Coli O157. The aim of this study is improvement this medium in order to better differentiation of this bacterium. Material and Methods: 250 fecal swab sheep slaughtered in slaughterhouses Shiraz to isolate the bacteria E. coli O157 was selected. Prepared SMAC plates containing from 0.05 mg L-1 ceffexime and 2.5 mg L-1 potasium tellurite as standard (1S) to 6 time standard (6S). Certain pure E. coli O157 EDL933 was plated on SMACs.All plates incubated in 37°C over night. Results: E. coli O157 was growth on all six SMACs, but all plates had grown with the same count in 1S to 3S plats. Some bacteria decreased according to dose of antibiotics. Two and four percent contamination rate was shown high sensitivity in 3 S than 1 S. use of media with high antibiotic deleted extra intestinal bacteria. Conclusion: We recommend using ICT-SMAC medium supplemented with 1.5 and 7.5 mg L-1 ceffexime and potassium tellurte respectively in spite of current SMAC to isolate E. coli O157 from clinical case. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Effects of Salinity Stress on Yield and Yield Components and some Physiological Traits in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) produced by Callus
mahsa fazel mohammad Armin Jalal Saba ali mohammad TazariChoose plants resistant to salinity at germination stage through in vitro culture are a reliable and economical method in order to select the salt tolerant plant. In this experiment the effect of different concentrations of salinity on mass cumin was investigated. , an MoreChoose plants resistant to salinity at germination stage through in vitro culture are a reliable and economical method in order to select the salt tolerant plant. In this experiment the effect of different concentrations of salinity on mass cumin was investigated. , an experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of different salinity levels on Cuminum cyminum varieties in a completely randomized design with three replications . In this paper , effect of : Salinity with five levels 0 , 3 , 6 and 9 Mm ( NaCl ) and eight varieties of Cuminum cyminum . Cumin variety include: Shiraz , Abadeh, Kerman, Jiroft, Birgand, Sabzevar, Torbat-e-Hydareyhe and Jagarm. Explant plumule produced from seedling vitro culture of Cumin for producing Callus and Subshrub regeneration with contents 1 mgL-1 NAA and 2 mgL-1 kinetin concentrations. Cumin from callus cultures were grown under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of salinity. The result showed that all growth indices, economic and biological yield of cumin decreased with increasing salinity levels. Salinity also reduced the percentage of essential oils and k+. highest umbrella numbers per plant, seed numbers per umbrella, economic and biological yields in Kerman and highest percentage of essential oil and content of K+ was in Jiroft. Kerman in saline conditions of biological yields, umbrella numbers per plant was more than other varieties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of potassium sulfate on chlorophyll and drought toleranceindexin the Mungbean genotypes in the north of Khuzestan Province
Naser Zarifinia hossein farzadi mohammad khoramianIn order to evaluate the effect of potassium sulfate nutrition on chlorophyll contentand drought tolerance indexon Mungbean genotypes in the north of Khuzestan Province, this study was conducted in split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three re MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of potassium sulfate nutrition on chlorophyll contentand drought tolerance indexon Mungbean genotypes in the north of Khuzestan Province, this study was conducted in split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 1390 and 1391 at the agricultural Research center south of west Country (Safiabad). The main plot was irrigation after 120, 180 and 240 mm evaporation from pan evaporation (respectively marked I120, I180 and I240),and the subplots were potassium fertilizers with 0, 37.5 and 75 kg K2O per hectarfrom potassium sulfate(respectively marked F0,F1 and F2) and genotypes (Parto, Hindi and VC6173, Cn95 and KPS1lines ) in a factorial arrangement.The results showed that grain yield in I180 and I240 treatments, reduced 21.8 and 30.4 percent respectively in comparison with control treatment(I120).the highest and lowest tolerance to drought stress were allocated to Hindi (0.83) and KPS1 (0.47) respectively. Potassium application at the rate of 75 kg/ha in I240 treatment, increased drought tolerance in all genotypes except KPS1. chlorophyllcontent was influenced irrigation regimes, irrigation and genotype, irrigation-fertilizer as well as the interaction of three factors at the of 1% and fertilizer and genotypes at the level of 5%.The overall results showed that Hindi due to high drought tolerance and VC6173 due to shoot standing and high drought tolerance were superior to other varities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Effect of Sulfur Fertilizer and Thiobacillus on Qualitative Traits and Nutrients Concentration of Potato
Farhad Golmoradi marani مرتضی برمکی محمد صدقی محمدجواد فیروزیAbstract In order to study the effect of different amounts of sulfur fertilizer in the presence or absence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria (biosulfur) on qualitative traits and nutrients concentration in Potato cv. Agria, a factorial experiment was conducted based MoreAbstract In order to study the effect of different amounts of sulfur fertilizer in the presence or absence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria (biosulfur) on qualitative traits and nutrients concentration in Potato cv. Agria, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication, in research farm of the faculty of agricultural sciences, university of Mohaghegh Ardabili at during growing season 2011-2012. The experimental factors contain sulfur fertilizer in four levels zero, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 and biosulfur as biofertilizer in two levels control (without application) and using Thiobacillus. The results showed that the effect of sulfur fertilizer on the starch, dry matter and nitrate of tuber, also Thiobacillus, sulfur fertilizer interaction of those on the characteristics tuber yield per hectare, number of tuber per plant, content potassium and phosphorus of tuber and the soil pH were significant effect. highest amount of tuber yield per hectare, number of tuber plant and content phosphorus and potassium of tuber by application of 400 kg ha-1 Sulfur and terms of using Thiobacillus bacteria was obtained. The application of sulfur fertilizer and biosulfur was reduced soil pH, so that the highest rate of soil pH was observed in terms without application of sulfur and Thiobacillus bacteria. The highest amount starch and dry matter of tuber by using 400 kg ha-1 of Sulfur was resulted. Generally the application of 400 kg ha-1 sulfur with Thiobacillus bacteria recommended to increase the quantity and quality of potato in a calcareous soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Ions content and antioxidant response of barley to different methods of salicylic acid application under salinity conditions
Elahe Hashemi Yahya Emam Hadi Pirasteh-AnoshehAlthough it has been well-known that salicylic acid (SA) can increase salinity tolerance in barley; there is no consensus on the best method and time of application. Thus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design under controlled conditions was condu MoreAlthough it has been well-known that salicylic acid (SA) can increase salinity tolerance in barley; there is no consensus on the best method and time of application. Thus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design under controlled conditions was conducted at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University in 2014. In this research, the effect of SA at five levels: control (No SA), seed priming, foliar application at complete establishment, double ridges and anthesis was examined on grain yield, sodium (Na+ ) and potassium (K+ ) concentration in shoot and root as well as antioxidant enzymes activities of barley cv. Reyhane under three salt stress levels: control, 6 and 12 dS m-1. The results showed that salt stress, depended to its severity reduced Na+ and increased K+ in shoot and root and enhanced antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, so that the most severe salt stress caused 147.4% increase in Na+ and 44.1% reduction in K+ . Nevertheless, SA in priming and foliar application could compensate some of these changes and so increased grain yield. For example, seed priming and foliar application at complete establishment, double ridges and anthesis increased K+ by 72.7%, 77.3%, 22.7% and 18.2% and decreased Na+ by 37.8%, 40.5%, 27.0% and 13.5%, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that the highest positive effect f SA was observed in seed priming and foliar application at establishment, which showed that SA might induce more salt stress tolerance if applied at early growth stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of potassium source and application rate on qualitative characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Aras) under full and deficit irrigation
Mahdi Mehrandish Matin Jami Moeini Mohammad ArminTo study the effect of potassium source and application rate on qualitative characteristics of sugar beet, a field experiment was conducted at county of Jovein, Khorasan Razavi, during 2010-2011. Experiment was carried out as split factorial in a randomized complete blo MoreTo study the effect of potassium source and application rate on qualitative characteristics of sugar beet, a field experiment was conducted at county of Jovein, Khorasan Razavi, during 2010-2011. Experiment was carried out as split factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included two irrigation regimes (full and deficit irrigation), two potassium sources (potassium sulfate and potassium chloride) and three potassium application rates (0, 50 and 100 kg K2O ha-1). Results showed that deficit irrigation increased sodium content of root by 16.8 percent compared with full irrigation. However, other qualitative characteristics of sugar beet were not influenced by irrigation treatments. Application of potassium chloride, increased root dry matter percent and decreased root nitrogen content compared with potassium sulfate. The sugar percent, white sugar percent, sugar purity and root alkalinity increased and molasses sugar percent, root potassium, sodium and nitrogen content decreased with increasing potassium application rate. The highest sugar percent (19.92), white sugar percent (17.96), sugar purity (90.70%) and root alkalinity (2.77) and also the lowest molasses sugar percent (1.82), root potassium (5.03 meq/100 g root) , sodium (1.35 meq/100 g root) and nitrogen content (2.39 meq/100 g root) were observed in 100 kg K2O ha-1 treatment. According to the results, in similar climatic conditions, the use of large amounts of potassium, particularly in the form of potassium chloride, is recommended for improving the qualitative characteristics of sugar beet under full and deficit irrigation conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Screening for salt tolerance via assessment of ion levels and nutrient contents in Iranian alfalfa ecotypes
Masoud TorabiAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Ghargholog MoreAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Gharghologh, Shorkut, Bami and Nik-Shahri were evaluated for their response to salt stress in a split plot trial, where five ecotypes were as main plots and levels of salinity including 2, 6, 12, and 18 dS/m were as subplots. To assess of ion levels and nutrient contents the samples from shoots were obtained at each stage of salinity including 6, 12 and 18 dS/m. The results showed that the nutrients content and ion levels were affected by salt concentration and there were varying responses between ecotypes. Salt stress affected the concentration of Na+, Cl-, N, K+ but the concentration of P was not significantly affected by salinity levels. In terms of Na+, Cl-, N and K+ concentrations in shoot the ecotypes were significantly different, vice versa phosphorus concentration in shoot among the ecotypes was not significantly different. It is concluded that ecotype number 2 (Gharghologh) identified as the most tolerant ecotype because of minimum accumulation of Na+ and Cl- and maximum absorption of nutrients in its shoots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Effect of vermicompost and Phosphate Barvar-2® biofertilizers on some quantitative charactrestics and elements absorption in green basil (Ocimum basilicm L.) in Gachsaran region
Mehdi Hosseini Farahi M. Norouzi nejadIn order to evaluation the effect of biofertilizers Vermicompost and Phosphate Barvar-2® on quantitative charactrestics and yield of green Basil (Ocimum basilicm L.) in Gachsaran region, a factorial experiment based on randomized block design with three replication MoreIn order to evaluation the effect of biofertilizers Vermicompost and Phosphate Barvar-2® on quantitative charactrestics and yield of green Basil (Ocimum basilicm L.) in Gachsaran region, a factorial experiment based on randomized block design with three replications was conducted in 2014. The first factor was including Phosphate Barvar-2® in four levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 g/ha) and second factor was different ratios of vermicompost and soil (0-100, 25-75, 50-50, 75–25 and100–0). Traits such as height plant, fresh and dry weight of shoots, chlorophyll index (SPAD), number of leafs and concentration of potassium and nitrogen were measured. Results showed that interaction of vermicompost and Phosphate Barvar-2® have significant effect (p<0.05) on all of traits exept chlorophyll index. The highest plant height, noumber of leaf and concentration of nitrogen and phosphorous were observed in application of Phosphate Barvar-2® at 100 g/h and equal ratio of soil and vermicompost (50-50%). The maximum sh of fresh and dry weight were obtained in plants that treted with 75 g/h Phosphate Barvar-2® and media culture 100% soil as compare to other treatments. According of obtained results, use of 75 to 100 g/h Phosphate Barvar-2® and vermicompost and soil (50-50%) is useful to improving of qualitative properties of basil in Gachsaran region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The effect of magnetic saline water on absorption of sodium and potassium in Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves
امین الله باقری فرد یوسف حمیداوغلیArtichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) is a medicinal plant that is relative adaptation to salinity. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized factorial design with three salt irrigation treatments including 0 (control), 3, 6 dS/m NaCl and four magnetic water lev MoreArtichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) is a medicinal plant that is relative adaptation to salinity. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized factorial design with three salt irrigation treatments including 0 (control), 3, 6 dS/m NaCl and four magnetic water levels (Zero, 3000, 6000 and 10000 Gauses) with three replications in green house. Seeds were sown into round plastic pots. 120 days after planting, growth, dry weight and sodium and potassium concentration were measured. Analysis of variance showed that salt and magnetic stress had significant effects on morphological parameters and potassium concentration. Salinity (non-magnetic) reduced plant height and increased dry weight. The use of water magnetization increased growth parameters and amount of potassium. Salinity decreased plant height and increased fresh and dry weight of leaves. Statistical comparison showed that with increasing salinity, reduced amount of potassium but there was no significant difference in amount of sodium. Although, the levels of magnetic field had different effect on potassium absorption. But, generally, the field of 6000 gauss showed better performance than all of treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Yield and yield components response of cotton to potash source and zinc amount in saline condition
mohammad Armin حمید حاجی نژادYield and yield components of cotton to potash source and zinc amount application under saline condition was studied as a factorial experiment based on randomized block design with three replication in Bardaskan's Astan Ghods Razavi farm research at 2011-2012. Factors w MoreYield and yield components of cotton to potash source and zinc amount application under saline condition was studied as a factorial experiment based on randomized block design with three replication in Bardaskan's Astan Ghods Razavi farm research at 2011-2012. Factors were Potash source (Potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate and potassium chloride (100 kg.ha-1 K2O) and different levels of Zinc (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg.ha-1 as Zinc sulfate). The experiment was conducted on 8.2 and 9 ds.m-1 soil and water electrical conductivity. The results showed that Potash source and Zinc amount had significant effect on plant height, number of boll, boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage and earliness. Application of potash (70 kg.ha-1) as Potassium nitrate was better than other source for all traits. Although, There was no significant difference between 40 and 60 kg.ha-1 Zinc application but increasing of zinc level to 60 kg.ha-1 increased plant height (23.46%), number of boll (17.01%), boll weight (15.58%), seed cotton yield (23.38%), lint percentage (4.66%) and earliness (4.86%) compared than control. Overall, Zinc improved plant growth under salt-affected soil conditions and 40 Kg.ha-1 zinc application and potash (70 kg.ha-1) as Potassium nitrate were enhanced yield and yield components of cotton. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigation of cotton mutant lines with nuclear technology response in saline water irrigation and potassium spray
majid jafaraghaei Alireza MarjovviThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation on yield and yield components of cotton genotypes. Experiments were carried out at Rudasht saline Research Station in Isfahan during 2013, 2014 and 2015. In the first year, two cotton mutant genotypes MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation on yield and yield components of cotton genotypes. Experiments were carried out at Rudasht saline Research Station in Isfahan during 2013, 2014 and 2015. In the first year, two cotton mutant genotypes and two commercial cultivars as control were selected for the second and third years. The second year experiment was split factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications. In this experiment, the main plots consisted of irrigation with 4 (control), 8 and 12 dS / m saline water and subplots including factorial combining of three genotypes (mutant genotype 1673, LM 1303 and Shayan) with spraying three levels of potassium sulfate (2, 4 and 6 kg / 1000 liters of water per hectare and water). The results showed that salinity of irrigated water reduced linter percentage, yield and harvest index. Among the cultivars, the highest linter percentage and its yield were observed in the LM 1303 genotype. Spraying with potassium sulfate had a positive effect on these traits and increased cotton genotypes yield under salinity conditions. The results of this study showed that in saline conditions, soluble potassium sulfate was used to reduce the effects of salinity and increase the yield of cotton genotypes. Also, the results of this study showed that the LM 1303 mutant genotype during the two years of experiment had a higher yield compared to other genotypes, and this genotype could be recommended for planting in saline areas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Effect of Drought Stress, Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer on Some Physiological and Agronomical Traits of Maize hybrid (Zea mays L. CV. Single cross 704)
Reza Rezaei Sokht-Abandani Seyed Ata Siadat Alireza pazoki shahram lack mani mojddamAbstract:In order to study the effect of drought stress, different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth of corn this research were done at the agricultural research center of biokola (Neka) during two years 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conduct MoreAbstract:In order to study the effect of drought stress, different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth of corn this research were done at the agricultural research center of biokola (Neka) during two years 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conducted as split factorial in a completely randomized block design with three replications on S.C704. The main factor was 4 levels of drought stress (irrigation after 75, 100, 125 and 150 millimeter evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and the sub-factor three levels of nitrogen (80, 160 and 240 kg.ha-1) and three levels of potassium (75, 150 and 225 kg.ha-1) were considered.The mean comparison results showed that with increasing nitrogen and potassium consumption, the harvest index decreased by 30.52%. Also, the lowest nitrogen removal index under the interaction of irrigation × nitrogen irrigation intervals with irrigation intervals of 150 mm evaporation from class an evaporation 240 kg N/ha decreased by 30.91%.The highest relative leaf water content and leaf chlorophyll content were obtained for irrigation intervals of 75 mm with kg.N.ha-1, 94.12% and 61.59%, respectively.Also, the highest grain and nitrogen yield were obtained for the second year in 75 mm irrigation interval and 240 kg.N.ha-1 with average 12807 kg/ha and 2.72%, respectively. So after increasing in drought stress, nitrogen and potassium, the traits as harvest index and nitrogen removal index decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Effect of potassium Sulfate fertilizer levels and row spacing on yield and yield components of bean in tea uprooted garden
shahin soufifard seyyed mustafa sadeghiOptimal usage of tea gardens during surface cutting period is one of the basic needs of gardeners in Guilan province.One of the solutions is the cultivation of legumes among rows of surface cutting tea bushes. In order to investigate the effect of application of differe MoreOptimal usage of tea gardens during surface cutting period is one of the basic needs of gardeners in Guilan province.One of the solutions is the cultivation of legumes among rows of surface cutting tea bushes. In order to investigate the effect of application of different potassium sulfate levels and row Spacing on yield and yield components of bean in tea garden, a field study was conducted at Amlash in 2016 growing season. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with split plot arrangement with three replications. The main plots included 4 levels row spacing (20 × 20 , 20 × 30, 20×40 and 20×50 cm) and subplots included 3 levels of potassium sulfate [ 0 (control), 75 and 150 kg/ha]. The highest pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100- seed weight, seeds per plant, grains yield, biological yield, harvest index, straw yield, pod yield, plant height and number branch per plant were obtained with 75 kg potassium sulfate. Plant spaces had significant effects on pods per plant, 100 seed weight, seed per plant, grain yield, biological yield, straw yield, pod yield and number of branch per plan and 20 × 30 cm plant spacing had the highest pods per plant, 100- seed weight, seeds per plant and number of branch per plant. The highest grain, biological, straw and pod yield was achieved at 20 × 20 and 20 × 30 spaces cm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effects of drought on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of red bean genotypes
M. Zadeh Bagheri Sh. Javanmardi O. Alozadeh M.M. KamelmaneshIn order to study the effect of drought stress on seed yield and some physiological characteristics of different genotypes of red bean, an experiment was performed in split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications at the research field of Isl MoreIn order to study the effect of drought stress on seed yield and some physiological characteristics of different genotypes of red bean, an experiment was performed in split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications at the research field of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The main plot factor was irrigation surfaces (normal and stress) and the sub plot factor was red bean genotypes including KS31169, D81083 and Goli. Samples were taken after drought stress in the 50% flowering stage, and the amounts of soluble sugars, proline content, sodium and potassium, relative water content and leaf chlorophyll index were measured. Grain yield and 100 grain weight traits were also estimated after harvesting. The results of the experiment showed that the concentration of soluble sugars, proline content, leaf chlorophyll index and K+ increased and relative water content decreased under drought stress. Sodium ions revealed no significance different among genotypes under normal and stress conditions. KS31169 genotype had the highest rain yield, 100 grain weight, leaf chlorophyll index and proline content. D81083 genotype had the highest 100 seed weight, relative water content and soluble sugar content. Amount of potassium ions, relative water content and chlorophyll index increased in Goli genotype. The results indicated that the accumulation of excess sugars, chlorophyll, potassium and proline content in beans can make the plant resistant to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Effect of partial rootzone drying (PRD) and application potassium and zinc fertilizer on water use efficiency on corn
H.R. Ebrahimi H. Heydari Sharifabad Sh. Lak A. Naderi A. ModhejInnovations for saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency are of paramount importance in water-scarce regions. Therefore, to see how restricted irrigation systems and different potassium and zinc fertilizer affect water use efficie MoreInnovations for saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency are of paramount importance in water-scarce regions. Therefore, to see how restricted irrigation systems and different potassium and zinc fertilizer affect water use efficiency and yield of corn, an experiment was conducted in an arid area in Marvdasht, Iran in 2012. A split-Factorial experimental design was used based on a complete randomized block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two irrigation methods: FI (full irrigation) and partial rootzoon drying (PRD). Each subplot received three rates of K fertilizer application: 0, 2.5 or 5 kg ha-1 and three rates of Zn fertilizer application: 0, 2.5 or 5 kg ha-1 .The results showed that the plots receiving the full irrigation resulted in significantly higher grain yields, 1000-kernel weight and grain number per cob than PRD treatment. However, the highest WUE and IWUE were obtained in PRD, 5 kg K ha-1 and 5 kg ZN ha-1 and the lowest one was found in the FI treatment .In general, PRD irrigation method at high level of potassium and zinc fertilizer improved WUE and decreased WU in corn to 40% in an arid region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Effects of Irrigation-based Potassium Fertilizer on Leaf and Nut Nutrients of Two Pistachio Cultivars
Afsaneh Shool Majid Esmaeilizadeh(new) Hamid Reza Roosta Hossein Dashti -
Open Access Article
94 - بررسی اثر متقابل کود پتاسیم و تنش آبیاری بر عملکرد، همچنین صفات فینیولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی بذر سورگوم به منظور پیشنهاد کشت با بیشترین مدیریت و عملکرد در محیط منطقه اسفراین.
H. Dadzaritt A. Mehraban H. Rabaninasabبرای در نظر گرفتن تأثیر اولیه آهکهای آبیاری، کود پتاسیم و تعیین تأثیر متقابل آنها بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه سورگوم برای طرح کشت در بهترین مدیریت و آزمایشیترین عملکرد، الگوی کرتهای خرد شده بر اساس تصادف بلوک کامل کشاورزی 90-91 با سه تکرار در Moreبرای در نظر گرفتن تأثیر اولیه آهکهای آبیاری، کود پتاسیم و تعیین تأثیر متقابل آنها بر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه سورگوم برای طرح کشت در بهترین مدیریت و آزمایشیترین عملکرد، الگوی کرتهای خرد شده بر اساس تصادف بلوک کامل کشاورزی 90-91 با سه تکرار در قالب آموزشگاه کشاورزی امام رضا واقع در شهرستان اسفراین. این تحقیق با چهار مراقبت اولیه آبیاری (اول شرقی، افزایشی، آبیاری مرحله گلدهی، آبیاری در پایان مرحله گلدهی، آبیاری برای رسیدن به فیزیولوژیک و چهار مراقبت فرعی حاصل از کود پتاسیم (0.20.40.60 کیلوگرم در هکتار) انجام شد. مقایسه میانگین در سطوح کود در هر سطح آبیاری مربوط به روش دانکن نشان داد که هر سطح در سطح عامل دیگر به ما نشان می دهد که هر یک از عوامل را می توان در سطوح ثابت عامل دیگر در نظر گرفت بنابراین ما دقیقاً هر سطح عاملی را تخمین می زنیم. همچنین در این تحقیق از سطح سوم کود (40 کیلوگرم در هکتار) شامل هر چهار مرحله متمایز برای بررسی صفات آزمایشی استفاده شد که در این تحقیق ویژگی های فوق در درجات بالایی در نظر گرفته شد.یکی از صفات به دست آمده به عنوان اثر متقابل مربوط به آبیاری در پایان گلدهی و همچنین مصرف 40 کیلوگرم کود پتاسیم در هکتار برای به دست آوردن پانیکول طولانی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Potassium carbonate as a base for cycloalkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl cyanoacetate in solid-liquid two phase systems
Fuping Liu Yan Zhu Ming Lu -
Open Access Article
96 - Effects of Potassium Sulfate Fertilizer Application on Sugarcane (Cultivar CP 48-103) Qualitative-Quantitative Yield
BEHNAM HAJJARI Ebrahim Panahpour ALI GHOLAMI -
Open Access Article
97 - Effect of different level of potassium sulfate and zeolit on yield and yield component of potato in Arak region
hamid madani reza Hosseinkhani nor ali Sajedi To investigate the effects of different levels of potassium sulfate and zeolite on yield and yield component of potato Apria variety, a factorial experiment based on RCBD was conducted with three replications in 2009. It was done on More To investigate the effects of different levels of potassium sulfate and zeolite on yield and yield component of potato Apria variety, a factorial experiment based on RCBD was conducted with three replications in 2009. It was done on Moradi farm which was 5 km far from faculty of agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Arak, Factors were considered as three levels of potassium sulfate, 125, 250 and 375 kg/ha, and four levels of zeolite including of zero, 2, 4 and 6 t/ha in Clinoptilolite type. The results showed that application of potassium sulfate and zeolite on all traits at 1% level was significant but interaction effects of potassium fertilizer and zeolite on any of traits were not significant. Increasing the potassium and zeolite levels, traits of main stem number, number of tubers per plant, mean weight of tuber, tuber yield per plant, tuber density, economic yield and total yield increased. The highest average of total yield equal 60.33 t/ha was obtained by 375 kg of potassium sulfate combined with 4 t/ha of zeolite and use of 250 kg.ha-1of potassium sulfate with 4 t/ha of zeolite with average yield 54.72 t/ha in one group were analyzed. Therefore logical that in accordance with local conditions of the experiment consumed 250 kg of potassium sulfate and 4 t/ha zeolite the desired yield is achieved Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Effect of silicon and potassium foliar application and nitrogen rates on yield and yield components of Iranian rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli
mehrdad Ghasemi Lemraski GHorban Normohamadi Hamid Madani hosein Heidari Sharifabad hamid reza MobasserThis research was carried out in the farm located in sari with latitude 36/38 and longitude 53/12 and 13/5 meter height above sea level in the year 2013 and 2014. Experiment was carried out as split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replicatio MoreThis research was carried out in the farm located in sari with latitude 36/38 and longitude 53/12 and 13/5 meter height above sea level in the year 2013 and 2014. Experiment was carried out as split split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Rice cultivars were chosen as main plots including Tarom Mahalli and Tarom Hashemi. Nitrogen rates, 35 and 70 kg N ha-1 and nitroxin was chosen as sub plot and spraying water, nano silicon, nano– potassium and nano-silicone + nano-potassium were sub subplots. The results showed that the most panicle length (28/77 cm) and the most spikelets per spike (113/80 spikelets) respectively belong to Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli . the most fertile tiller per hill and straw yield (kg ha-1) had obtained respectively with (21.7 and 6129/17 kg ha-1) and the lowest filled spikelet number and harvest index was achieved (91.09 and 42/75%) with consumption of 70 kg of nitrogen per hectare, respectively. nano-silicon lonely spraying results the most grain yield, equal 4746/67 kg ha-1, While the highest harvest index (45/18%) obtained by integrate application of nano-silicon and nano- potassium chelate .without spraying,the least filled spikelet per panicle was achieved (90/53 spikelets), respectively. under twofold interaction effect, The highest maximum spikelets (119/6 spikelets) and filled spikelet number (107/7 spikelets) were obtained with the use of nitroxin in Tarom cultivar. With consumption of 70 kg ha-1of nitrogen and without spraying, the lowest filled spikelet (77/21 clusters) was obtained and by the application of nano-potassium chelate, the highest straw yield and biological yield (respectively 6633 and 11580 kg per hectare) was achieved. The highest harvest index observed with consumption of nitroxin in Tarom mahalli cultivar (46/34%) and also obtain with combined nitroxin and nano-silicon (46/29%), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Salinity effect on some nutrient concentration of rice crop (Oryza sativa L.) tissues and total biomass in different growth stages
A. Fallah E. Farahmandfar F. MoradiSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity, affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leave MoreSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity, affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves, was carried out pot experiment in the greenhouse of rice research institute of Iran(Amol) in 2014. The experiment as a split plot factorial in base of completely random design with three replicates, with two rice varieties, hybrid rice (Dialam) and PSBRC88 as main plots, and three levels of salinity (0, 6, 12 ds.m-1) with three growth stages (Tilling, Stem elongation, Flowering) as sub-plots factorial. Hydroponic culture was done in pots with 6 L Yoshida solution. The content of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were measured that salinity treatments were done about 20 days for each stage. The results showed that the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were decreased with increasing of salinity level at each growth stage. In check treatment, the highest of ions concentration was at flowering stage and the ions content of roots was always less than stems and leaves. The concentration amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher in PSBRC88 variety than hybrid rice (Dialam). Therefore, PSBRC88 variety had higher ions uptake efficiency of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in slat stress and had more biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Investigation of zeolite and potassium effects on vegetative growth and yield of sugar beet
Mohamad Akbari GHolamreza Maleki Eskandar ZandIn order to investigation of zeolite and potassium effect on sugar beet yield and its vegetation growth an experimental design was done based on RCBD with three replications. Research was done in a farm 5 km far from Arak along to the Farahan road in 2007. Traits were s MoreIn order to investigation of zeolite and potassium effect on sugar beet yield and its vegetation growth an experimental design was done based on RCBD with three replications. Research was done in a farm 5 km far from Arak along to the Farahan road in 2007. Traits were selected as zeolite (500 kg/ha), zeolite+potassium (200 and 50 kg/ha respectively) and no zeolit and potassium as control. Planting process was done in 14th of April in row crop method with 50 cm distance between rows and 25 cm within seeds. Leaf area index (LAI), the dry and wet basis weight of branches, branches moisture content, root yield, biomass and root length were measured as main characteristics before and after of harvesting. Results showed that there were significant effects on traits about LAI, dry and wet basis weight of branches and biomass but no significant difference between zeolite and zeolite+potassium traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The effect of salinity on concentration of some elements of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) tissues and biomass in different growth stage
E. Farahmandfar F. Moradi A. FallahSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and MoreSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves, was carried out pot experiment in the greenhouse of rice research institute of Iran(Amol) in 2014. The experiment as a split plot factorial in base of completely random design with three replicates, with two rice varieties, hybrid rice (Dialam) and PSBRC88 as main plots, and three levels of salinity (0, 6, 12 ds.m-1 ) with three growth stages (Tillering, Stem elongation, Flowering) as sub-plots factorial. Hydroponic culture was done in pots with 6 L Yoshida solution. The content of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were measured that salinity treatments were done about 20 days for each stage. The results showed that the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were decreased with increasing of salinity level at each growth stage. In check treatment, the highest of ions concentration was at flowering stage and the ions content of roots was always less than stems and leaves. The concentration amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher in PSBRC88 variety than hybrid rice (Dialam). Therefore, PSBRC88 variety had higher ions uptake efficiency of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in slat stress and had more biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Silicon and potassium application facts on lodging related characteristicm and quantity yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tarom Hashemi variety
Morteza Sam-Daliri Hamid reza Mobasser Salman Dastan Arash Ghasemi Mianaie In order to investigate Silicon and potassium application facts on lodging related characteristics and quantity yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tarom Hashemi variety, an experiment was carried out at split-plot in randomized complete block desig More In order to investigate Silicon and potassium application facts on lodging related characteristics and quantity yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tarom Hashemi variety, an experiment was carried out at split-plot in randomized complete block design with four replications at Mazandaran province in 2010. Main factor was silicon rates in four levels including 0, 250, 500 and 750 kg Si/ha and subfactor was potassium rates in four levels including 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg K/ha. Results showed that the all of traits except panicle length, fourth internode length, fourth internode bending moment and harvest index significantly (p 0.01; p 0.05) at the silicon rates. Also stem length, plant height, fourth internode length, fourth internode bending moment, fertile tiller number, grain yield and harvest index significantly (p 0.01; p 0.05) at the potassium rates. None of the investigated traits, not significantly (p 0.01; p 0.05) at silicon rates × potassium rates. The maximum of grain yield (612 g/m2) obtained on 750 kg Si/ha, because most of the tiller number per hill and fertile tiller number due this treatment. The least of the fourth internode bending moment obtained in 90 kg K/ha. Most of the fertile tiller number, grain yield (575.3 g/m2) and harvest index (35.6 %) was produced in 90 kg K/ha.Grain yield had been positive correlation with total tiller number per hill and fertile tiller number. Harvest index had been positive correlation with flag leaf length, fertile tiller number and grain yield. Therefore, 750 kg Si/ha and 90 kg K/ha due to as most of yield components, grain yield and harvest index introduced the best of treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Effects of different transplanting dates on quantitative and qualitative traits of flue-cured tobacco (K326) in Mazandran, Iran
Yaghoub Yaghoubi Sobhan alah GHanbari Hamid reza Mobaser Abdol rahim Mahdavi Ali SadeghiIn order to determine the best transplanting date for the flue-cured tobacco (cv. K326) in rain fed conditions, this study was done in randomized complete block design with 7 transplanting dates every 10 days(4, 14 and 24 April, 4, 14 and 24 May and 3 June) in 4 replica MoreIn order to determine the best transplanting date for the flue-cured tobacco (cv. K326) in rain fed conditions, this study was done in randomized complete block design with 7 transplanting dates every 10 days(4, 14 and 24 April, 4, 14 and 24 May and 3 June) in 4 replications in Tirtash Research and Education Center in 2009. The results showed the significant effect of transplanting date on all studied factors except the number of leaves, the percentage of sugar and nicotine. Days from transplanting to flowering were the lowest for April 4th (90.3 days). Maximum dry weight of leaves (3824 kg/ha) was obtained for transplanting date May 4th that shows about 36% increase compared to the lowest yield of dry leaf (13 June). Maximum and minimum price for one kilogram of tobacco were obtained for transplanting dates April 4th and June 3rd, respectively and there was 1.5 $ difference per kg. Maximum length and width of leaves was obtained on May 4th. Maximum percentage of leaf nitrogen (2.3%) was seen for June 3rd that was 39.2% more than April 14th (1.4%) and the maximum percentage of potassium (%2.25) was 41.7% higher than April 24th (the lowest percentage of potassium). Dry leaf yield had positive and significant correlation with leaf number, plant height and gross income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Effect of salinity on ion content, plant pigments, soluble sugars and starch of halophyte plant (Aeluropus littoralis)
Fatemeh Mehrinfar Ghorban ali Nematzadeh Hematollah Pirdashti Hamidreza Mobaser In this research some of physiological parameters and ion uptake and accumulation of halophyte plant Aeluropus littoralis were investigated. Experiment design was randomized complete block design in greenhouse condition in Gene More In this research some of physiological parameters and ion uptake and accumulation of halophyte plant Aeluropus littoralis were investigated. Experiment design was randomized complete block design in greenhouse condition in Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Universitywith with five salt levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 dS/m) and three replicates in 2010. Some parameters such as plant pigments٫ soluble sugar concentrations and starch and sodium and potassium content in three parts of plant (leaves, stems and roots) were determined. Results indicated that increasing of salinity significantly decreased chlorophyll a٫ b٫ a+b and carotenoeids content. Starch amount increased up to 20 dS/m and then markedly declined. By contrast٫ soluble sugars decreased up to 20 dS/m and then significantly increased. Salinity also significantly affected sodium and potassium content in plant organs so that with increasing salinity, sodium content significantly increased but potassium content declined. Results also showed that in high levels of salinity, sodium concentrations in roots are more than shoots. Under salt stress, sodium might returns from aerial organs to roots or maybe it is because of limiting transfer of sodium from roots to shoots and save it in roots as a mechanism of salt resistance. These results showed that Aeluropus littoralis as a halophyte plant could resistants salinity up to 20 dS/m and then with increasing salt stress, starch was broken down and produce soluble sugars to help osmotic adjustment to tolerate against salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the current agricultural and ecological systems
P. Moradi N. A. Sajedi M. GomarianIn order to evaluate response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the common agricultural and ecological systems, an experimental carried out as split plot design a randomized complete block with four replications in the village o MoreIn order to evaluate response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the common agricultural and ecological systems, an experimental carried out as split plot design a randomized complete block with four replications in the village of Qara-Chai that khondab city located. The main plots included in organic and chemical fertilizer treatments at six levels: 100, 75 and 50% NPK fertilizer recommended by the laboratory, 75% NPK fertilizers + 10 t/ha manure, 50% fertilizers NPK + 25 t/ha manure, 40 t/ha of manure, and subplots sprayed with different concentrations of zinc sulfate in three of control (no spray), sprayed with zinc sulphate two and four per thousand. Results showed that maximum forage yield 92291 kg/ha was recorded from 40 t/ha manure that with 75% NPK fertilizers combined with application of 10 t/ha manure with forage yield equal to 88845 kg/ha was no significant difference. The foliar application of zinc at a concentration of 4 per thousand, the highest yield (87379 kg/ha) were produced. The highest protein content (12.59 %) was obtained from treatment 40 t/ha of manure. The foliar application of zinc sulfate at concentration of 4 per thousand showed that highest protein content (18.73%). foliar application of two and four per thousand zinc sulfate concentrations increased the grain yield by 8, 9 and 23.08 % compared to the control. The maximum of zinc concentration (47.13 mg/kg) was recorded from application of zincsulfate at the rate of 4 per thousand. In general, results showed that application of 75% NPK recommended combined with 10% t/ha manure along with foliar application of 4 per thousand zinc sulfate can obtain good quantitative and qualitative yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Effect of drought stress and potassium sulfate on yield and yield components of sunflower
M. Yarnia P. Safaie M. B. Khorshidi-benam E. Farajzadeh In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Wate More In ordsr to study yield and some physiologic characteristics of sunflower (cv. Euroflor) in reaction to water and potassium applying, a RCBD base split plot experiment was conducted in 2009 at Islamic Azad University- Tabriz branch research farm. Water deficite stress at four levels (50, 90, 130 and 170 mm evaporate from class A pan) arranged in main plots and five K2SO4 levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) in sub plots. The results of variance analyzing of date showed that interaction of stress and K was highly significant on height of stem, leaf dry weight, number of grain in anthodium¸ weight of grain in anthodium, biomass, yield¸ harvest index and 100 kernel weight, effective filling period was significant. Result showed that the interaction effects of treatments had significant different in these traits. Rate of a traits under study increased when 200 kg/ha of potassium sulphate was used and field irrigated after 50 mm evaporation from pan. Application of potassium decrease drought stress damage. Irrigating after 50 to 90¸ 130 and 170 mm evaporation from pan decreased yield by 10.36¸ 24.43 and 59.46 percent. But yield reduction by application 200 kg/ha potassium sulfate fertilizer was only 32.48 percent. This indicates that by applying potassium fertilize yield reduction will be decreased under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Silicon and potassium application facts on lodging related characteristics and quantity yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tarom Hashemi variety
A. Ghasemi Mianaei H. Mobasser H. Madani S. DastanLatin abstract is not accessible.Latin abstract is not accessible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Determination of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate in “Doogh†Samples in Post Market Surveillance in Iran 2012
B. Akbari-adergani S. Eskandari N. Bahremand -
Open Access Article
109 - Evaluation of some Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Narcissus tazatta Under BA Treatment and Nano-Potassium Fertilizer
Sulmaz Asgari Hossein Moradi Hossein Afshari -
Open Access Article
110 - Predictive Toxicology and Toxicogenomics of Potassium Sorbate-Gene-Diseases Association
K. Shanmuga Priya V. Pushpa Rani A. Anitha Nancy -
Open Access Article
111 - Assessment of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Sorbate Preservatives and Artificial Color in Bulk Tomato Paste Samples in Qazvin, Iran
Peyman Ghajarbeygi Azam Rahimi Niaraki Ali Soltani Abkenar Razzagh Mahmoudi Fatemeh Jalilevand Ali Sadeghi Niaraki Ahad Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
112 - Low Serum Potassium Level and Its Effects on the Severity and the Rate of Hospitalization in Asthmatic Adults
W. J. Majid Hanaa S. Khadem Tayseer A. Talab , Mahdi M. Thuwaini -
Open Access Article
113 - Determination of optimum production condition and characterization of Potassium Ferrate particles synthesized by electrochemical method
Sina Samimi Sede احسان صائب نوری seyed Ali Hasanzadeh TabriziProduction efficiency and energy consumption are two important factors in electrochemical synthesis of potassium ferrate particles. In this research, the effects of different parameters including applied current density, KOH electrolyte concentration and its temperature MoreProduction efficiency and energy consumption are two important factors in electrochemical synthesis of potassium ferrate particles. In this research, the effects of different parameters including applied current density, KOH electrolyte concentration and its temperature on production efficiency and energy consumption have been studied. The condition of optimized production has achieved in current density of 40 mA.cm-2, 13M KOH electrolyte with temperature of 70 oC for two hours. In this situation, the production efficiency was 84.63% and the energy consumption was 5.05 kwh/kg. In next step, the effect of time duration on production efficiency, purity, formed phases and the size of potassium ferrate particles has been investigated in optimal condition. The results showed that due to decomposition of potassium ferrate particles with time, iron hydroxides and oxides components have been formed which reduces the purity and production efficiency. The sizes of potassium ferrate particles were measured by two method of Debye-Scherrer and modified Debye-Scherrer. This revealed that the size of potassium ferrate particles increases as time passes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigating the Effects of Aqueous Extract of Carum Copticum on Renal Indices and Serum Sodium and Potassium Levels in Male Wistar Rats
Marzieh Niakan Bijan Akbarpour Ameneh KhoshvaghtiDue to the compounds such as thymol, para-fat, Lfapnyn, D Pntn, Gamatrpnyn, Btapnyn, limonene, myrcene and carvacrol, Ajowan is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of Carum copticum on renal indic MoreDue to the compounds such as thymol, para-fat, Lfapnyn, D Pntn, Gamatrpnyn, Btapnyn, limonene, myrcene and carvacrol, Ajowan is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of Carum copticum on renal indices in male wistar rats. In this study 72 rats were divided into 6 groups, including control, sham and experimental groups (1 to 4). The control group didn’t receive any treatment while the sham received 0.2 ml distilled water daily and 1 to 4 experimental groups received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/ kg/day of aqueous extract of C. copticum intraperitoneally, respectively. After lapse of 16 and 32 days, serum samples were collected. Renal indices were measured by Autoanalayzer (with Pars Azmoon kits) and sodium and potassium were measured by flame photometer. Data was analyzed by ANOVA statistical tests and Tukey test (p <0.05). Regardless of the dosage of the extract, it increased the renal function in short-term and long-term. Compared to the control group, while serum concentrations of sodium in exp. groups 1 and 3 (200 and 400 mg/ kg/day) was decreased in the short term, it was increased in the all experimental groups in long term. Administration of extract in both short and long terms increased serum concentrations of potassium in all experimental groups compared to the control group. This study suggests that increased consumption of aqueous extract of C. copticum increases renal function, although its effects are somewhat different in the short term and the long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Effect of seed priming and potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of canola in different planting dates
Hamid HatamiTo evaluate the priming effect and potassium on yield and yield components of rapeseed cv. Okapi at different planting dates, an experiment was conducted during 2012 at Bojnourd. Factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in MoreTo evaluate the priming effect and potassium on yield and yield components of rapeseed cv. Okapi at different planting dates, an experiment was conducted during 2012 at Bojnourd. Factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two planting dates was conducted (1 October and 1 November). Factors examined included two levels of seed priming (non-Prime and priming solution of KNO3 ,-1 MPa for 24 h) and potassium fertilizer levels (zero, 75 and 150 kg K2o. ha). After analyzing the results of two simple planting date, were combined for analysis. Combined analysis of variance showed that all three experimental factors affect the number of pods per plant, grain yield, harvest index, and oil yield had significant impact. Planting date and priming showed a significant effect on 1000 seed weight. Planting date 1 October compared with 1 November, seed priming compared with non- Prime and potassium fertilizer consumption compared with no use, the characteristics were significantly increased. Therefore Planting date 1 October was optimum planting date on canola in the region, and in case of delay in sowing seed, priming done with a solution of KNO3 (-1 MPa for 24 h) or K2o consumption of 75-150 kg per hectare is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Evaluation of agronomic characteristics of Potato under water deficit stress conditions using line-source sprinkler irrigation method and potassium fertilizer amounts
علیرضا Sobhani S.A Rzavi حسن Hamidi حمید TajaliIn order to investigate the agronomic characteristics of Potato under water deficit stress conditions using line-source sprinkler irrigation method and potassium fertilizer amounts an experiment was done in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Cent MoreIn order to investigate the agronomic characteristics of Potato under water deficit stress conditions using line-source sprinkler irrigation method and potassium fertilizer amounts an experiment was done in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center during 2015-2016 as split plot design based on completely randomized blocks design. Water deficit levels at 0.75m from line-source (control), at 3.75m from line source (very light), at 6.75m from line-source (light), at 9.75m from line-source (severe deficit), at 12.75m from line source (very severe deficit) were considered as main factor and potassium levels included 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg.ha-1 K2O were as subfactor. Studied traits were included, tuber yield, percent of small, medium and big tuber yield, number of tuber per plant, average of tuber weight, plant height and stem number per plant. The results showed that water deficit stress levels had significant effects on total traits and potassium nutrition levels had same effects except percent of small and medium tuber yield and stem number per plant. Higher water deficit levels significantly decreased the tuber yield, tuber number per plant and average of tuber weight that in very severe deficit these traits reduced 92.29, 84.32, and 53.81 percent respectively. The highest tuber yield (17.92 ton.ha-1), tuber number per plant (7.94) and average of tuber weight (38.73 g) resulted in 270 kg.ha-1 K2O. The highest and lowest tuber yields were in control with 270 kg.ha-1 K2O and very severe deficit with 0 kg.ha-1 K2O. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Effect of potassium amount on reducing the effects of salinity stress in Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)
mohamadreza salehabadi mohamad armin matin jamimoeini In salt stress conditions, the use of moderating substances such as potassium-containingfertilizers can reduce the negative effects of saline on yield and yield components of crops.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of potassium amount on yiel More In salt stress conditions, the use of moderating substances such as potassium-containingfertilizers can reduce the negative effects of saline on yield and yield components of crops.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of potassium amount on yield andyield components of Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) grown under salt stress.The study was conducted in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions in Sabzevarbranch, Islamic Azad university in 2016. A factorial experiment was carried based oncompletely randomized design with three replication. Factors were: amount of potassium(0. 150 and 300 kg k2O ha-1) as Solopotash form and salinity levels (0, 6, 9 and 12 dS.m-1).The results showed that increasing potassium amount in salt stress conditions increasedthe yield and yield components of Common purslane and the highest plant height, numberof lateral branches, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, dry weightof plant, grain yield, potassium content and lowest amount of sodium was obtained byconsuming 300 kg. ha-1. Salinity at 12 dS.m-1 level, 57.75% reduced plant height, 55.75%number of lateral branches, 37.27% capsules per plant, 68.56% seeds per capsule, 67.57%1000 seed weight, 71% plant dry weight, 47.21% grain yield and 41.91% plant potassiumcontent and increased 27.65% sodium content compared to control. In total, the resultsshowed that till 9 dS.m-1 grain yield was not statistically significant and consumption of300 kg.ha-1 was more suitable for reducing the effects of salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Effect of different quantities of super adsorbent and potassium sulfate on growth dynamics and product parameters of cowpea
Asieh Talashan Tayeb SakinejadThis research in the form split plot in format of random complete block design in three replays was implemented. The main plots consist of three levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 1- no potassium sulfate, 2- 70 kg/ha pure potassium 3- 140 kg/ha pure potassium, from MoreThis research in the form split plot in format of random complete block design in three replays was implemented. The main plots consist of three levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 1- no potassium sulfate, 2- 70 kg/ha pure potassium 3- 140 kg/ha pure potassium, from the source potassium sulfate fertilizer, and subplots inclusive three levels of super absorbent polymer with amounts: 1- no super absorbent, 2- 50 kg/ha super absorbent, 3- 100 kg/ha super absorbent. The results showed Increased potassium sulfate up to 140 kg/ha and super absorbent up to 100 kg/ha cause improvement and increase total dry matter process, leaf area index, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate were. The difference between levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer was also significant in terms of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield at 1% probability level and harvest index at 5% level. The difference between super absorbent polymer surfaces in all measured traits was significant at 1% probability level. In the interaction between potassium sulfate and super adsorbent, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield at 1% probability level and harvest index were significant at 5% probability level, but In the remaining traits no significant difference was observed. The highest grain yield with 140 kg/ha of potassium sulfate and 100 kg/ha of super absorbent polymer with 4336 kg/ha and the lowest grain yield in control treatment (without application of potassium sulfate and superabsorbent) with 1334 kg/ha. According to the results, application of 140 kg ha-1 of potassium sulfate and 100 kg ha-1 of super absorbent polymer in terms of physiological indices and yield the results are acceptable and can be recommended in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The effect of potassium and zinc sulfate spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and yield of barley under drought stress conditions in the last periods of the cropping season
جواد مرادلو sasan rezadustTo investigate the effect of potassium and zinc spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and grain yield of barley under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three repl MoreTo investigate the effect of potassium and zinc spraying at different developing stages of vegetative characteristics and grain yield of barley under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Khoy in which irrigation cutting at 3 levels ( full irrigation, irrigation cutting at milking stage, and irrigation cutting in the dough stage ) in main plots and potassium sulfate and zinc sulfate spraying at four levels ( spraying at the stemming + milking, stemming + dough, milking + dough, and stemming + milking + dough ) were considered as sub plots. The results of the experiment showed that irrigation was significant at 1% level for all traits. potassium and zinc sulfate spray were significant for all traits at 1% level. The occurrence of drought stress increased the barley protein content. The increase in irrigation cut treatment at the dough stage was the highest ( 31.10% ). In addition to the spraying surfaces, treatment B4 (spraying at stemming + milking + grain dough ) proved to be better than other treatments and increased grain yield from 3924 kg ha-1 in clustering treatment to 4824 kg ha-1 in dough treatment of the grain. Interaction effect of two factors was significant only on 1000 grain weight at 1% level. Keywords : Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Effect of plant density and potassium consumption on the quantitative and qualitative yield in Sunflower ( Helianthus annus L. ) var. Hayson
هدي جماليIn order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran provi MoreIn order to study the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower var. Hayson, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research in Mazandaran province ( Sari – Dashte Naz ) in crop year of 2009. In this experiment, four density levels 55, 63, 83, 111 thousand plants per hectare ) were considered as the main factor and three levels of potassium as ( 0, 50, 100kg per hectare ) as the sub factor. Analysis of variance showed that the density had significant effect on seed protein and the percentage of oil, but the number of rows of seeds, the number of filled seeds and seed yield were not significantly affected by the density. The results showed that the density of 83 thousand plants per hectare with 100kg potassium fertilizer had the greatest impact on increasing of the number of rows of sees, number of filled grain and seed yield. Density and potassium levels did not have significant effect on seed protein but the greatest oil percentage belonged to 83 thousand plants per hectare. On the basis of results, it is defined that increasing density on the optimum level, caused to increase yield components, oil percentage and seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effect of Organic Fertilizers, Mycorrhiza and Tillage on Yield and Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Seed, Leaves and Soil under Maize Cultivation
Alireza Feilinezhad Mohammad Mirzaeiheydari Farzad Babae Abbas Maleki Mahmood Rostami niaThe present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in A MoreThe present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tillage, organic fertilizers and mycorrhiza on quantitative traits and nutrient uptake in maize. The experiment was performed as a split plot with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design in August of the crop year 2017 and 2018 in Ivan city in Ilam province. Tillage at 3 levels (no tillage, tillage to a depth of 10 cm and tillage to a depth of 30 cm), organic fertilizer at 3 levels (no use, vermicompost 30 tons per hectare and bovine manure 30 tons per hectare) and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and it was by soil inoculation method (consumption and non-consumption). In a minimal tillage system, seed yield was 7053.2 kg ha-1, an increase of 21% compared to the least amount of tillage-free treatment. In the minimum tillage system and the consumption of cow manure, the highest grain yield was obtained in the amount of 8198.2 kg ha-1. The interaction of mycorrhizae and tillage on grain yield was significant. In the case of minimal tillage and mycorrhizae, the maximum grain yield was707.1 kg ha-1, which was significantly different from the treatment without tillage and deep in both mycorrhizal and non-amycorrhizal states. According to the results obtained in this study, it was found that soil application at least relative to the deep system has increased plant yield. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024