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Open Access Article
1 - Determining Various Urban & Rural Deciles Food Optimal Basket in Iran
کامبیز هژیر کیانی سیدشایسته واردیFood security & healthy nutrition are considered as the most significant human needs and a factor for economic growth and development of the countries. Consumer culture and financial potential are two key factors for the individual in society to access proper food a MoreFood security & healthy nutrition are considered as the most significant human needs and a factor for economic growth and development of the countries. Consumer culture and financial potential are two key factors for the individual in society to access proper food and take in the required food stuff & nutrients that among this government also plays it role in order to increase financial capability and use supporting tools to direct the society consumer culture .therefor this main aim in this article is to determine of the optimal food basket based on two factors as financial potential and food knowledge .So that this basket has been determined each person monthly in various income deciles and also separating city (household sample 18729) and village (household sample19787) for the year 2011 by using modeling different expenditures and considering the collection of 24 food stuff and 30 nutrients. The results indicates that the monetary (rials) value of the food optimal basket of an urban person is more than the rural .this difference is meaningful in high income deciles .Analyzing between present & optimal food basket shift implies that the first 4 income deciles in urban area and the first 5 income deciles in rural area need supports from the government to achieve food security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia-Carpinetum natural forest
abdollah Rostamabadi Masoud Tabari Hamid Jalilvand Ali Salehi Ehsan SayadIn this study, impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia Carpinetum natural forest of kolloude region, Amol, Mazandaran were investigated. First, 6 releves 20 m × 20 m were selected in each stand. Nutrition, nutrie MoreIn this study, impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia Carpinetum natural forest of kolloude region, Amol, Mazandaran were investigated. First, 6 releves 20 m × 20 m were selected in each stand. Nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation properties followed by soil properties of each stand were studied. Then, impacts of stand parameters (diameter, height, litter thickness and crown cover percentage) together with soil properties on plant biodiversity were investigated. For purpose, leaf samples of green trees and fallen leaves have been collected inside wooden trap-based sampling to evaluate the nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation in each stand. Soil samples were taken from 0-10 cm depth in each releves. So frequencies of herbaceous and woody plant were record. Results of nutrition, nutrient return, nutrient retranslocation and soil properties in the Alnus and natural stands showed that Alnus in consequence of higher N return, lower N retranslocation in fallen leaves of Alnus led to increase the soil N% and decrease the C/N ratio. Findings of impacts of stand parameters and soil properties on plant biodiversity showed in consequence of lower litter thickness, lower crown cover percentage and soil with higher N% and lower C/N ratio in Alnus in comparison with Natural forest led to increase in the richness of herbaceous plants. By attention to results of this study by Alnus subcordata plantation in degridated plain sites with poor drainage soil, can revive the soil N and Herbaceous richness in same sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Estimating the economic value of the preservation and maintenance functions of soil nutrients in Zagros forest ecosystem (case study: Dalab Ilam region)
Farshid Karami abdolali karamshahi amir modaberi ali mahdavi jalal Hanareh KhalyaniIn this research, one of the most important functions and services of the forest, the function of maintaining soil nutrients in the forests of the Dalab watershed in Ilam province, has been valued. First, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was che MoreIn this research, one of the most important functions and services of the forest, the function of maintaining soil nutrients in the forests of the Dalab watershed in Ilam province, has been valued. First, the amount of erosion and sedimentation in the study area was checked using the modified MPSIAC model in the current condition. By developing two scenarios of converting the (current) natural forest with 30 to 50% canopy cover to bare land through scoring the model, the changes in the amount of erosion and sedimentation were estimated. Next, the amount of soil nutrients was determined by soil sampling and laboratory analysis. Then, taking into account the difference in the amount of erosion in the state of natural forest (current) with 30-50% canopy cover and bare land, the amount of each nutrient element in the soil, and the loss of soil nutrients was also calculated. Then, using the replacement cost method, the service value of forest ecosystem soil nutrient maintenance was estimated. The results showed that the studied forest can maintain 2.52 tons of phosphorus, 35.55 tons of potassium, and 251.96 tons of nitrogen per year with an approximate value of 2,275,700 million rials per year and prevent its loss due to erosion. Also, the value of each hectare of forest for this function was estimated at 88.13 million rials. The estimation of the value of this ecosystem service in Zagros forests indicates the very effective role of forest ecosystems in controlling erosion and protecting soil nutrients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Determination of water quality parameters and nutrient level with an Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference System
Maryam Hosseini Jalal Javadi moghaddam -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of mineral superabsorbent on some characteristics of soil and growth parameters of onion (Allium cepa) under limited irrigation
Elnaz Sabbagh Tazeh Nasrin Sadeghian Younes RameshkniaNowadays, using superabsorbent polymers such as pumice is one of practical approaches to increasing water storage in soil and increasing irrigation efficiency. To investigate the effects of pumice on chemical and physical characteristics of soil, growth parameters MoreNowadays, using superabsorbent polymers such as pumice is one of practical approaches to increasing water storage in soil and increasing irrigation efficiency. To investigate the effects of pumice on chemical and physical characteristics of soil, growth parameters and irrigation schedule of onion, an experiment in CRD design as factorial with three factors including: 1) soil type (with two raters: a) sandy loam and b) clay loam, 2) irrigation schedule (with two rates: a) 7 and b) 4 days) and 3) pumice (with four rates: 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 percentage by weight) and three replications was conducted. Results showed that increasing pumice rate could increase bulb dry matter, bulb diameter and bulb height. Pumice also could increase seales number in bulb, p and K concentration in plant and also available P and K concentration and CEC in soil. Pumice application in both soils, increased soil salinity, but in none of soils, soil EC was not more than 5 dS/m. Pumice application in both soils could decrease soil pH and compaction significantly. There was no significant difference between 5% and 7.5% of pumice rates, in bulb dry matter in sandy loam, height and diameter of bulb in clay loam, P and K concentration of onion and soil, CEC, compaction, salinity in sandy loam and drainage salinity. Between irrigation rates was no significant difference in none of properties, in treatments that received pumice. It can be concluded that using 5% pumice in soil, we can increase irrigation schedule of onion from 4 to 7 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Zoning of Nutrient’s Elements In Soil and Leaves of Orange Trees Using Gaussian Model (Dezful city as Case Study)
Ebtesam Neissian Kamran Mohsenifar Ebrahim Panahpour Teimor BabainejadBackground and Aim: Creating land fertility maps are especially important in terms of determining the areas that need particular nutrients, optimizing the use of agricultural fertilizers, and facilitating the optimal management of soil and plant nutrition. Spatial chang MoreBackground and Aim: Creating land fertility maps are especially important in terms of determining the areas that need particular nutrients, optimizing the use of agricultural fertilizers, and facilitating the optimal management of soil and plant nutrition. Spatial changes in soil and plant nutrients are common, but knowing these changes is essential for accurate planning and management, particularly regarding agricultural lands. This research aims at zoning the spatial distribution pattern of nutrients, aka nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium, in the soil and leaves of Dezful orange orchards trees using the Gaussian model and geographic information system (GIS).Method: A total number of 130 sampling points are set on the map in the vicinity of orange orchards of Dezful City with an area of 3200 hectares. Factors such as soil, cultivation and irrigation system, slope, elevation, and the manner of orange trees growth are considered to determine sampling locations. Following sampling the soil (0-60 cm depth) and plants, the samples are transferred to the laboratory and the concentration of the most consumed nutrients is measured. After preliminary statistical analyzes on the data, the correlation level of the variables that are measured in the soil and leaves of orange trees, are calculated with the Pearson correlation test. The location of sampling points is simulated via Gaussian model by using the R software. The interpolation is computed using simple kriging and kernel methods. The model sensitivity analysis for the changes applied in the base values for implementing the algorithm, is done based on the replacement of the desired values from the posterior functions as well.Results: Analysis of dispersion indices show that the highest coefficient of variation is related to phosphorus element in soil and nitrogen element in leaf samples. The results illustrate that the mean square error values for elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur are calculated respectively as 0.171, 0.152, 0.132 and 0.153 in simple kriging in soil, and as 0.212, 0.152, 0.229, and 0.166 in kernel method in soil; and respectively as 0.121, 0.188, 0.116 and 0.131 in simple kriging in samples of orange tree leaves, and as 0.184, 0.206, 0.172 and 0.229 in kernel method in the leaves samples as well. The results of the spatial distribution pattern of each of the measured elements in the soil and leaves of orange trees demonstrate that the lowest amount of nitrogen is in the south of the region (0.42 to 1.33 mg/kg) and its distribution pattern is similar to the distribution in the leaves of orange trees (0.9 1 to 1.29 mg/kg). Magnesium has the lowest in the north and part of the south (3.11 to 4.57 mg/kg), and sulfur in most soil of the region is between 21.31 and 26.25 mg/kg.Conclusion: In examining the effectiveness of the Gaussian statistical model in the distribution of nutrients in the soil and leaves of orange trees in the gardens of Dezful city, the results display that the calculated Pearson linear correlation coefficient has the highest correlation between calcium and potassium, as well as magnesium and calcium in the soil, but there is no linear correlation between any of the nutrients in the leaves of orange trees. In estimating the best interpolation method, calcium element in soil has the least error in both kernel and simple kriging methods, whereas in plant leaves, magnesium in kernel method and potassium in simple kriging method have less error. The highest error for soil and plant is related to potassium and calcium respectively, in the Cornell method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation of heavy metals and important micro nutrients in milk powder and common baby food in Tehran market
Mahdieh Khazai Shiva Dehghan Abkenar Nazanin KhakipourIntroduction: Powdered milk or complementary foods, despite the importance ofbreastfeeding, play an important role in providing baby food in the world. The aim of thisstudy was to measure the amount of heavy metals in baby food. Heavy metals cadmium, lead,and arsenic ca MoreIntroduction: Powdered milk or complementary foods, despite the importance ofbreastfeeding, play an important role in providing baby food in the world. The aim of thisstudy was to measure the amount of heavy metals in baby food. Heavy metals cadmium, lead,and arsenic cause the highest effects in humans, especially in children, and Fe, Mg, Ca, andZn are important micronutrients that, if deficient in nutrients, can have adverse effects onchildren's health.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 8 baby food samples from 6 commoncommercial products in the market. Sampling was carried out by census method andmeasurement by induced plasma emission ICP-OES methods.Results: The results were reported by descriptive statistics. The results showed that arsenicranged between 2.8 to 8 ppm in all the samples examined that indicated excessiveconcentration of this heavy metal while the trace concentration of cadmium was observed.Lead concentration was in the range of 0.012 to 0.103 ppm. The concentration of iron,calcium, magnesium and zinc in some samples agreed with the standard values while in someindicated lower content.Conclusion: According to the results of this investigation, the amount of arsenic in baby foodsamples is higher than the specified limit. Some attention should be given to those samplesthat contain lower contents of calcium and zinc as noticed by standard values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of Heavy Metals, Aflatoxins and Microbial Contamination in Sayer Date
Rouhollah Shiralipour Maryam Alborzi Elnaz FathizadehIntroduction: According to the nutritional investigations, date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has a good nutritional value and is potentially a strategic export product due to its widespread cultivation in Iran. Date fruit plays an important role in the diets of Irania MoreIntroduction: According to the nutritional investigations, date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has a good nutritional value and is potentially a strategic export product due to its widespread cultivation in Iran. Date fruit plays an important role in the diets of Iranian people. For these reasons, monitoring the quality and safety of date is necessary and essential. Materials and Methods: In this survey, 15 samples of different brands of sayer date fruit were collected through Ahvaz market in order to analyse the heavy metals namely Pb and Cd, as well as Fe, Cu and Zn and detect aflatoxins B and G and evaluate the microbial contaminations. Sample preparations of date fruit were carried out according to AOAC 999.11 (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu and Zn), ISIRI 6872 (aflatoxins) and ISIRI 10899-1 (yeast and mold) standard methods. Results: The mean values of Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn and Cu were 0.062, 0.040, 4.6, 1.5 and 2.5 µg g-1, respectively. There was no evidence to verify aflatoxins B and G existences in the collected samples. Microbial experiments have been performed on yeast and mold in date fruit samples. The results indicated no microbial contamination except in one sample suspicious to the presence of mold that was over the tolerable level according to ISIRI 16217. Conclusion: According to the results, the date fruit distributed in Ahvaz city was relatively healthy and safe to be consumed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Production of a New Drink by Using Date Syrup and Milk
F. Raiesi Ardali E. Rahimi S. Tahery M. A. Shariati -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating Some Chemical Soil Properties in the Pollarded and Less-disturbed Forest Stands in the Northern Zagros (Case study: Baneh forest, Kurdistan)
Jian Rahimi Kyumars Mohammadi Samani Naghi Shabanian Mohammad Shafi RahmaniBackground and Objectives: A Northern Zagros oak forests have been pollarded since a long time ago and finally they have been destroyed by forest dwellers. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of pollarding on some soil chemical properties. Method:& MoreBackground and Objectives: A Northern Zagros oak forests have been pollarded since a long time ago and finally they have been destroyed by forest dwellers. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of pollarding on some soil chemical properties. Method: Two adjacent oak forest stands with similar physiography were selected including a less-disturbed area (as control stand) and pollarded stands that it periodically pollarded once every three years. 10 composite soil samples under the tree crown have been taken from 0-15 cm soil depth of each area. Finally, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, pH and EC were analyzed. Findings: The results showed that all soil factors had significant differences in theses area except magnesium and C/N ratio. The amount of calcium and pH increased in pollarded area compare with control while soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and EC decreased. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that preservation of trees and stop pollarding trees in control area can produce a better soil condition compare with pollard stands. People use trees foliage to feeding livestock by oak pollarding in this forest so that these pollarding activities of local dwellers can reduce the amount of soil organic matter content and soil nutrient reserves. The decreasing of soil nutrient reserves will be very harmful to conserve the soil fertility and productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Pumice on Irrigation Schedule and Nutritional Quality of Onion in two Types of Soil Texture under Deficit Irrigation
elnaz sabbagh tazeh Nasrin SadeghianBackground and Objective: Due to scarcity of water in most regions of Iran, the use of superabsorbent polymers is known as a helpful approach in improving soil physical and chemical properties, soil fertility and water resources storage. The purpose of this study was to MoreBackground and Objective: Due to scarcity of water in most regions of Iran, the use of superabsorbent polymers is known as a helpful approach in improving soil physical and chemical properties, soil fertility and water resources storage. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pumice on water availability, chemical and nutritional properties in a course and fine textured soils under onion cultivation. Method: This research, was conducted in spring of 2017 in greenhouse as factorial in form of CRD design with three factors including soil texture (with two levels: sandy loam and clay loam), irrigation schedule (with two levels: every 4 and every 7 days) and pumice (with four levels: 0 (C1), 2.5 (C2), 5 (C3) and 7.5 (C4) percentage w/w) which were carried out in three replications. Findings: Results, showed that increasing pumice rate, could increase P, K, S, Fe, Mn and Zn concentration in onion. In most cases, there was no significant difference between 5 and 7.5 percentages of pumice rates. Positive effect of pumice in sandy loam soil was more than clay loam. In pumice treatments, there was no significant difference between two irrigation rates, for none of parameters except for Cu concentration in plant. Discussion and Conclusion: By Application of 5 percentage w/w pumice in soil, irrigation schedule of onion could be increased from 4 days to 7 days. Noting that the irrigation schedule is one of the most important factors in onion cultivation, pumice application, can cause a good economic efficiency in water use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Influence of Salinity and Supplementary Calcium on Growth, Concentration of Some Nutrients and Quality of Tomato Fruit under Hydroponic Conditions
abolfazl azadi abdolmajid ronaghi zahra ahmadi mojtaba sadri zahra asadi saber heidariBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in control MoreBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in controlling sodium and chlorine toxicity and increasing the yield of sensitive plants especially tomatoes. This research was carried out to study the effect of salinity and supplemental calcium on growth, concentration of some nutrients and fruit quality of tomato under hydroponic conditions. Method: For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted on the based on a completely randomized design with three replications in year 89-90 in the greenhouse of the Soil Science Department of Shiraz University. The treatments consisted of three levels of salinity (0, 10 and 20 mM) from sodium chloride and three levels of calcium (0, 5 and 10 mM) from calcium nitrate source. Findings: The results showed that the application of supplemental calcium in saline conditions to the nutrient solution reduced the negative effects of salinity and high sodium and chloride on tomato growth, although this supplemental calcium did not improve the growth and yield of the fruit, but could be considered as a competitive factor in the absorption of other cations by the plant. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the sodium chloride had a negative effect on root and shoot dry weight, but this weight loss was significant only for the root (25.77% decrease compared to the control sample). Increasing salinity reduced the amount of nitrogen in the shoots. Changes in potassium were not significant in shoots, but in the root with increasing salinity and calcium, potassium absorption decreased. The lowest potassium uptake in the root was obtained from treatment with salinity of 20 mM and no supplemental calcium. Sodium chloride (salinity) treatment increased root and shoot sodium concentrations, and supplementation of calcium reduced the sodium concentration in them. The highest amount of magnesium absorption in shoots was in salinity treatment (20 mM) and without calcium, and the lowest magnesium adsorption was in non-saline treatments with 10 mM calcium. Salinity increased the concentration of manganese, zinc and copper in shoots and increased zinc in the root. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of the Influence of Sulfur and Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Soil pH and Uptake of Some of the Micronutrients by Corn.
Mohammad Reza Sabour Morteza Shokri Saeed Samavat Mohammad Reza FarahaniIntroduction: Application of sulfur and organic matters has an important role in improving ofphysicochemical properties in soils. In this research optimizing the mixture design between sulfur andmunicipal solid waste compost for application in an alkaline soil was teste MoreIntroduction: Application of sulfur and organic matters has an important role in improving ofphysicochemical properties in soils. In this research optimizing the mixture design between sulfur andmunicipal solid waste compost for application in an alkaline soil was tested.Materials & Methodology: In this research randomized designs with three replications is used. Theapplied factors were the total fertilizer content of compost and sulfur, M, and the ratio between sulfurand compost in fertilizer, T. M factor had four options, zero,0.5, 1 and 2 percent of soil weight and Tfactor include 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 sulfur to compost ratios.Discussion & Results: The obtained results indicated that all of treatments with 99 percentcontingency decreased the soil pH and T2M4 treatment had the best influence. The content of Znuptake by corn has been significant in 5 percent level in many treatments. The content of Fe uptakehad remarkable incensement in treatments, but it wasn't significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Nutrition Properties of Soil and Leaf of Eldar Pine Trees Irrigated by Municipal Effluent
Azadeh Salehi Masoud Tabari KochksaraeiMunicipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municip MoreMunicipal effluents can often contain significant concentrations of organic and inorganic nutrients. There is potential for these nutrients to be used as a fertilizer source when the water is recycled as an irrigation source. Therefore, long-term irrigation with municipal effluents can add large amounts of nutrients to the soil and plant. A case study was undertaken to assess the impact of municipal effluent irrigation on macro and micro-nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) concentration of soil and leaf of eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Medw.) trees, in south of Tehran. For this purpose, Data were collected using technique of systematic random sampling with 4 replicates in two 15 year-old-artificial eldar pine stands 1) under irrigation of municipal effluent and 2) irrigated with well water. Municipal sewage and well water were sampled daily (3 days in each month) from early June to late November. Results indicated that the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in municipal effluent and leaf of trees irrigated with municipal effluent were significantly greater compared with those of well water treatment. Application of municipal effluent resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil macro and micro-nutrients. The nutrients showed their greatest values in the upper layer of soil (0-15 cm). Irrigation using municipal effluent did not result in toxicity of nutrients in tree leaf and soil. The macro and micro-nutrient contents of leaf were correlated with their respective value in soil. It might be concluded that the municipal effluents could be utilized as a source of water and nutrients in afforestations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Concentration of micronutrient in Azola at cadmium and salinity contaminated environment
Salahedin Moradi Leyla Jahanban Tayebeh BasakiIntroduction: Rapid technological advances in recent decades are despite the many benefits for human, exposed the natural resources and environmental components to various contaminants such as heavy and toxic metals. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the pote MoreIntroduction: Rapid technological advances in recent decades are despite the many benefits for human, exposed the natural resources and environmental components to various contaminants such as heavy and toxic metals. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the potential of azolla, to absorb cadmium and micronutrient from solution contaning different concentrations of salinity, a factorial experiment with completely randomized design and three replications were conducted in the greenhouse. Cadmium was used from cadmium sulfate at the levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/liter using Epestin nutrient solution. The concentrations of NaCl in Epestin nutrient solutions were 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mM. Results: The azolla accumulated high concentration of cadmium solutions in their tissues. Assessing the effect of salinity on cadmium of the azolla indicated that increase in salinity levels of nutrient solution, increased cadmium concentration. Cadmium solutions increasing concentrations of cadmium (in plant), sodium, manganese, copper and decrease iron and zinc. Salinity treatments increased cadmium and sodium and decreasing concentrations of iron, zinc, manganese and copper. Mutual effects of cadmium and salinity treatments increased cadmium and sodium and decreasing concentrations of iron and zinc. Conclusion: Aplications of cadmium and salinity decreased the growth rate of azolla and even caused death where their concentrations were high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Soil Enrichment of Cations under the Influence of Canopy and Litterfal Leaching
Akrama Ahmadi Maryam Moslehi Jouybari Omid ZakeriBackground: The leaching from the surface of vegetation resulting from the complex relationship of soil and vegetation is an important part of the nutrition cycle that controls the ability of plants to access elements or the release of food from the ecosystem along with MoreBackground: The leaching from the surface of vegetation resulting from the complex relationship of soil and vegetation is an important part of the nutrition cycle that controls the ability of plants to access elements or the release of food from the ecosystem along with the decomposition process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the importance of trees leaching in the nutrient cycle (base cations) and introduce it as a vital nutrient source for improving soil fertility and sustainability of forest ecosystems.Methods: This study is a review on published studies, a library and a comprehensive review of the literature, nationally and internationally. Results: Leaching of nutrients from the canopy and forest floor with rapid absorption is an important factor of soil fertility and sustainability of ecosystems that should be considered in the forest management. Forest management and forest cover influence the nutrient quality and access in the soil and plants by erosion, litter quality, organic matter and nutrient cycling. For the forest management plan and marking, cut intensity, thinning and lightening intensity, additional information about the status and leaching intensity is required in any area to prevent the imbalance of the ecosystem with a comprehensive plan.Discussion and Conclusion: In fact, with sufficient information on the leaching function of different species and using in management, we can determine the correct combination in forestry and silviculture operations associated with soil fertility protection and increase of production potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Improvement of leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) soybean by Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chelates foliar application under limited irrigation conditions
Mohammad Saeed VagharObjectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited ir MoreObjectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited irrigation conditions to improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration.Methods: The two years experiment was conducted (2016-2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation: full irrigation, irrigation withhold at flowering stage, podding stage, and grain filling period. The subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control).Results: Drought stress reduced leaf area index significantly. The highest reduction was obtained from the interaction of control treatment and cessation of irrigation in the pod stage, which was 31.5% less than the full irrigation treatment. Foliar application of Zn+Mn was more successful in modulating drought stress and increased leaf area index by 49.4% compared to the control. Irrigation cessation in flowering stage increased chlorophyll concentration by 11.2% and decreased it by 16.5% in pod stage. With the application of Fe+Zn nano-chelate increased on leaf chlorophyll concentration in the pod stage and grain formation by 38.8% and 39.1% compared to the control and was recognized as the best treatment.Conclusion: In limited irrigation conditions, foliar feeding of Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chlates is a suitable solution and compatible with water crisis and can improve soybean yield by modifying drought stress and improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Nutritional assessment, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of traditionally used wild plant, Berberis tinctoria Lesch.
Arumugam Vignesh Kumarasamy Pradeepa Veerakumari Subramaniam Selvakumar Rajan Rakkiyappan Krishnan Vasanth -
Open Access Article
19 - The organic extracts from the leaves of Ficus thonningii Blume, Jatropha tanjorensis J.L Ellis and Saroja and Justicia carnea Lindley as potential nutraceutical antioxidants and functional foods
Kingsley Ijoma Vincent Ishmael Ajiwe Stanley Odinma -
Open Access Article
20 - Evaluation of cholesterol lowering property of selected herbs in ghee (heat clarified milk fat)
Krupaben M. Shingala Rayan V. Lunagariya Bhavbhuti M. Mehta V.B. Darji K.D. Aparnathi -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Sulfate Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
Arvin Behdarvandan Yahya Soleymani Mojtaba AlavifazelFor the purpose of study on the different levels effects of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc sulfate on seed yield and yield components of barley (figure 13 sarasari barley), the experiment was conducted to factorial based on statistical plan format of block randomized des MoreFor the purpose of study on the different levels effects of nitrogen fertilizers and zinc sulfate on seed yield and yield components of barley (figure 13 sarasari barley), the experiment was conducted to factorial based on statistical plan format of block randomized design in karun area of Khuzestan province with four replications. In this research nitrogen fertilizer in 3 levels (0,30,60 kg ha-1), and zinc sulfate fertilizer in four levels (0,10,20,30 kg ha-1) that were supply with strip application which available to crop at seeding times. The results showed that different levels of zinc sulfate and nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on yield and yield components at one percent level. So that by using maximum nitrogen fertilizer seed produce increase to maximum (3.28 tons per hectare) and biological yield harvest index (9.34 tons in hectare), obtained by consumption of 60 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare. So grain performance and biological function affected by zinc sulfate as a result maximum of product of grain. (3 tons per hectare). Biological (9.19 tons per hectare) caused by usage of 30 kg zinc sulfate per hectare. Between fertilizer levels, zinc sulfate fertilizer treatment of 30 kg per hectare in terms of production numbers of seeds per yield and harvest index. The most suitable treatment known is nitrogen fertilizer also relative to non-consumption conditions caused increasing of spike per levels, seeds amount per spike and harvest index and the weight of 1000 seeds of barley. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Study on the Effect of Nano-Fertilizer Foliar and Cultivation Date on Growth and Yield of Potato Santeh Cultivar
Amir Khodadadi Karkoki Mohammadreza Yavarzadeh Mohammadmehdi Akbarian Ali akbar AskariGiven the growing population of the world, meeting the nutritional and medicinal needs of plant products is very important. It is very important to pay attention to the effects of cultivation date and suitable cultivation area in order to provide the nutrients needed by MoreGiven the growing population of the world, meeting the nutritional and medicinal needs of plant products is very important. It is very important to pay attention to the effects of cultivation date and suitable cultivation area in order to provide the nutrients needed by plants to achieve high yield and desired quality crops. One of the most important factors in the growth and yield of potatoes is nutrition and determining the appropriate planting date according to the geographical area, which is one of the main objectives of the present study. The research was conducted as a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in Jihad Keshavarzi research farms located in Islamabad, Zahkloot and Kerman provinces. The main factor of geographical areas in the stages of flowering and tuber filling and the sub-factor including two planting dates (October 5 and 25) were examined. The results showed that the results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of area treatment, culture date and foliar application on the concentration of chlorophyll an and leaf carotenoids was significant. While it was not significant on chlorophyll b concentration. All bilateral effects except region on planting date were significant in chlorophyll a but not significant on tripartite effect. The highest concentration of chlorophyll a (34.1 mg / g fresh leaf) was obtained in foliar application of 1% iron nanoparticles with 2% magnesium nanoparticles Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Salt Tolerance in Rice Cultivars and Changes in Sodium and Potassium Ions
Masomeh Farasat -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation Amino Acids and Iron Nano particles on Photosynthetic Pigments and Yield of Potato
Arash Roozbahani Sanaz Pour Ali -
Open Access Article
25 - Evaluation Seed Yield, Its Components and Morphological Traits of Corn in Response of Consume Super Absorbent Polymers and Nitroxin
Sadegh Lamochi Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
26 - Assessment of Foliar Application of Iron and Silicon on Some Agronomic, Quanti-tative and Qualitative Parameters of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Ahmad Estaji Hamid Reza Rousta Mohammad Reza Mir Kahnooj -
Open Access Article
27 - Assessment Effect of Different Irrigation Regime and Fertilizer Combinations on Seed Yield, Radiation Use Efficiency and Biochemical Parameters of Corn
Mohammad Nasri Mansoreh Khalatbari -
Open Access Article
28 - Assessment Iron Application to Improve Agro-Morphological Traits and Bio-Fortification of Grain Wheat Grown in Different Nitrogen Conditions
Majid Abdoli Ezatollah Esfandiari Rana Taheri -
Open Access Article
29 - Influence of Zinc and Cadmium on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Shokofeh Berenjani Mohamad Reza Dadnia Mani Mojaddam Nazli Derogar -
Open Access Article
30 - Interaction effects of different amounts of zinc(Zn) and boron(B) on growth and antioxidative enzymes activity in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L. cv. Paris Island) plant
Farhad Behtash Hadi Fakhr ghazi Masoomeh HasanbaraniOne of the principle factors influencing the plant's growth parameters and yield is nutrition with micro-elements. Boron and zinc are dominant micro-nutrients directly or indirectly affect the plants biochemical potential and hence the yield of plants. In the present ex MoreOne of the principle factors influencing the plant's growth parameters and yield is nutrition with micro-elements. Boron and zinc are dominant micro-nutrients directly or indirectly affect the plants biochemical potential and hence the yield of plants. In the present experiment, we aimed to study the effects of Zn and B on some growth attributes and quality of Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'paris island'. The experiment was conducted at the Research Greenhouse of the University of Maragheh as factorial based on CRBD with Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1) from ZnSO4,7H2O and B from H3BO3 at three levels (0, 2 and 4 mg L-1 ) with three replications. The results revealed that with increasing Zn concentrations in the nutrient solution, the fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll index, chlorophylls a and b content, total chlorophylls content, carotenoids amount, soluble proteins concentration and Zn concentration were increased in the lettuce leaf tissue (p≤0.01). Furthermore, with increasing nutrient solution's B concentration, the proline, MDA, GPX, CAT and APX levels and activities as well as the boron content in the plant tissue were significantly influence and increased. Zn up concentrations under boron high availability reduced the aforementioned traits quantities (p≤0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating the physicochemical conditions of the Caspian Sea water in Sisangan region for setting up a Salmon breeding farm in a cage
Omidreza Touni Nooshin Sajjadi Farhad Moosakhani Rooholah MahmoudkhaniIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services MoreIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services to the environment and society, and in the future will have negative effects. The activities carried out in the aquaculture industry lead to a decrease in the quality of water and as a result the chemical balance in water is disturbed. On the other hand, the increase in metabolic activity in aquatic animals intensifies those effects. In the aquaculture industry, attention should be paid to quality control and monitoring methods. Knowing the basic conditions of the desired water body for the construction of breeding farms and predicting the future situation of the region based on the effluents entering is very necessary.Aim: In this study, the physicochemical conditions of Sisangan region were investigated for setting up a fish farm.Materials and Methods: In order to determine the state of sea water quality, water sample collected for one period to analyze pollution and physicochemical variables. After determining of the variables, the TRIX trophic index was calculated and the trophic conditions of the area were determined.Results: Measuring the physical parameters of water from 5 to 15 meters depth showed that the variables of temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, oxygen and pH do not change much along the depth. The measurement of nutrients indicated that the total nitrogen in the sea in the study area varies from less than 0.1 mg/liter to 2.5 mg/liter. The amount of total phosphorus in the study range varies from less than the measuring limit of the device 0.003 mg/liter to 0.007 mg/liter. According to the measurements made in these studies, the result of calculating the TRIX index is an average numerical value of 2.3.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the area is tropically oligotrophic and the water quality of the area is very good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Eutrophication in Water Resources: Definition, Types, Causes, Ecological Effects and Control Strategies
Mohammad Safari Behzad Mohammadikhangahi Gholamhossein SafariOne of the most common problems is water quality management of seas and reservoirs around the world. About 30-40% of lakes and reservoirs worldwide are affected by abnormally high nutrients. Eutrophic phenomena are caused by an excess of nutrients in an aquatic system, MoreOne of the most common problems is water quality management of seas and reservoirs around the world. About 30-40% of lakes and reservoirs worldwide are affected by abnormally high nutrients. Eutrophic phenomena are caused by an excess of nutrients in an aquatic system, especially by nitrogen and phosphorus, especially in lakes, estuaries and slow streams. Due to the excessive consumption of fertilizers and the discharge of untreated urban and industrial wastewater into water sources, the extent of eutrophication processes has increased significantly since the middle of the last century. One of the obvious signs of eutrophication is dense algal blooms, which cause high turbidity in water systems, decrease of oxygen and increase of hypoxia conditions in the inner parts of water bodies due to the sediments. In addition, extensive development of blue-green cyanobacteria, reduction of biodiversity, formation of hydrogen sulfide, increase in fish mortality, unpleasant odor, and increased phytoplankton and other aquatic plants, are other effects of eutrophication on the ecosystem. The main nutrients of interest are nitrogen and phosphorus, both of which are essential for algal growth, but the role of phosphorus is more critical because many cyanobacteria can obtain the nitrogen, they need from atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. Therefore, most of the eutrophication control measures are directed towards reducing phosphorus. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types, causes, stages and factors, and finally solutions to control, modify and prevent the process of eutrophication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinium L.) Intercropping under Micronutrient Applications
Yaser Esmaeilian Mohammad Behzad AmiriToday, intercropping as a key strategy of sustainable agriculture, is appreciated by both researchers and farmers in increasing efficiency of environmental resourceing uses, reduce damages due to environmental stresses, and improve the farm income. To this end, a split MoreToday, intercropping as a key strategy of sustainable agriculture, is appreciated by both researchers and farmers in increasing efficiency of environmental resourceing uses, reduce damages due to environmental stresses, and improve the farm income. To this end, a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Gonabad University.Main factor, comprised of 25% safflower + 75% chickpea, 50% safflower + 50% chickpea, 75% safflower + 25% chickpea, and 100% safflower + 100% chickpea intercropping patterns, and sole cropping of the two plants. Subfactors consisted of control (without foliar spray) and foliar spraying of 3 g.lit-1 Fe and Zn. The research results showed that the highest values of branches number (10.5) and head number per plant (22.5) of safflower were achieved from 25% safflower + 75% chickpea and 50% safflower + 50% chickpea intercropping, respectively and the highest seed yield (2070 kg.ha-1) from sole cropping. The branch and head number per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield of safflower were increased significantly due to micronutrient foliar application as compared with control. The plant height (26.4 cm) and seed yield (1739 kg.ha-1) of chickpea showed the highest value in sole cropping while the highest values of pod number per plant (31.9) and seed number per plant (22.2) were obtained from 25% safflower + 75% chickpea intercropping. Micronutrients foliar application improved plant height, pod number per plant, pod length, and seed number per plant of chickpea. The land equivalent ratio values ranged from 1.12 to 1.52. The changes in water use efficiency indices were also higher in all intercropping patterns compared with sole cropping, and the highest value (1.31) was achieved from 75% safflower + 25% chickpea intercropping treatment. The aggressivity index indicated the dominance of safflower over chickpea. All of the intercropping treatments, except for 100% safflower + 100% chickpea pattern, showed real yield increase. The highest value of intercropping advantage (0.51) was obtained from 25% safflower + 75% chickpea treatment while the monetary advantage index (26454751) and the relative total value (1.44) were higher in 100% safflower + 100% chickpea intercropping as compared to the other cropping patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effects of Soil Salinization and Waterlogging on the Concentrations of Some Macronutrients and Sodium in Corn Root
نصرت اله NajafiSalinity and waterlogging are two abiotic stresses decrease plants yield. In this research, the effects of soil salinization and waterlogging having concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and K:Na ratio in corn (Zea mays cv. single MoreSalinity and waterlogging are two abiotic stresses decrease plants yield. In this research, the effects of soil salinization and waterlogging having concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) and K:Na ratio in corn (Zea mays cv. single cross 704) root were studied under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment with two factors on the basis of completely randomized design with three replications was performed. The factors under study were: waterlogging duration in five levels (0, 2, 4, 8, 20 days) and soil saturate extract salinity in four levels (0.11, 2, 4, 8 dS/m). A loamy sand soil for plant growth substrate and NaCl salt for establishing the levels of salinity was used. The salinity and waterlogging factors were imposed simultaneously to the plants from the five-leaf stage of plant growth period. The plants were harvested 60 days after sowing and the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na in corn root were determined by dry ashi method. The results showed that by increasing the level of NaCl salinity in the soil, the K concentration and K:Na ratio of corn root were decreased significantly but concentrations of Ca, Mg and Na in corn root were increased significantly. The Mg and Na concentrations of root in waterlogged conditions were significantly lower than that of non-waterlogged conditions but the K and Ca concentrations of root in waterlogged conditions were significantly greater than non-waterlogged conditions. However, the effects of soil waterlogging duration on the Ca, K, Mg and Na concentrations and Na:K ratio of root were dependent on the level of NaCl salinity in the soil. The results demonstrated that even short periods of soil waterlogging had considerable long-term effects on the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na and K:Na ratio in corn root under saline and non-saline conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kaiser) to Different Sources of Fertillizers
Mohammad Reza Saeedi Saeedi Mehrab YadegariTo Study of the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers applications on quantitative and qualitative traits of potato (Kaiser cultivar), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Lordegan city in I MoreTo Study of the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers applications on quantitative and qualitative traits of potato (Kaiser cultivar), a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in Lordegan city in Iran during 2014. The fertilizers used were chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with two levels (nitrogen, 150 kg.ha-1 from urea resource and Phosphorous, 120 kg.ha-1 from super phosphate triple) and biological fertilizers were (nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2) each with two levels. The results showed that the use of nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2 and nitrogen andphosphorous fertilizers affected starch content, plant height, number of main stem per plant, LAI, total dry/fresh matter, the largest and smallest tuber diameter, number of tuber per plant and tuber yield, significantly. The highest tuber yield was observed by using nitroxin, vermicompost and phosphate barvar 2. Results of this research also showed that use of biological and chemical fertilizers affected vegetative traits that are related to qualitative and physiological indices. In spite of these promising effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on quantative and qualitative traits of potato, application of triple super phosphate along with biological fertilizers did not affect quality and quantity of potato. The highest starch percentage in dry matter of tuber (75.27%), number of main stem per plant (6.37), diameter of largest (185.75 mm) and smallest tuber (58.08 mm), tuber yield (33317.5 kg.ha-1), were produced by the use of biological fertilizers. Overall, results showed that the use of biofertilizeres may improve the measured traits of quantity and quality of caeser cultivar of potato and obtain the highest yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Biological and Chemical Phosphorous Fertilizers and Micronutrient on Seed and Protein Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Mona Yousefipor Shahram Lack Khoshnaz PayandehNow-a-days, in addition to the quantity of production its quality, stability and sustainability are taken into account. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Ramhormoz region in 2016-2 MoreNow-a-days, in addition to the quantity of production its quality, stability and sustainability are taken into account. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Ramhormoz region in 2016-2017. The main treatments consisted of phosphorus fertilizers and bio-fertilizers with four levels (without using phosphorus fertilizer as control, bio-fertilizer, phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and 200 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer) and foliar application of micro-nutrients (zinc, iron and manganese) with three levels (without application of micro-nutrients as control, spraying of micro-nutrients with 0.002 and 0.004 concentrations) assigned to sub plots. The analysis of variance of data showed that the combined effect of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizer and foliar application of micronutrient on seed yield, its components, protein yield and its percentage, plant height and spike length were significant. Mean comparisons indicated that phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer produced highest number of spike per m2, seeds per spike, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, protein percentage, protein yield, plant height and spike length. The highest seed yield belonged to phosphorus bio-fertilizer + 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and foliar application of micro-nutrients with 0.004 concentration and the lowest to the control treatment. Generally, to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, cost of production and the prevention of soil contamination use of phosphorus bio-fertilizer +150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and spraying micronutrients with 0.004 concentration can be recommended to the farmers of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Role of Iron and Zinc on Tuber Yield and Yield Components of Potato
Elham Jam Ali Ebadie Gasem ParmoonThe soils of potato production fields in Ardabil due to alkalinity and not having a proper crop rotations are deficient in micronutrients. To evaluate the effect of these micronutrients on the yield and some traits affecting potato tubers an experiment was conducted in MoreThe soils of potato production fields in Ardabil due to alkalinity and not having a proper crop rotations are deficient in micronutrients. To evaluate the effect of these micronutrients on the yield and some traits affecting potato tubers an experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications in Ardabil during 2012. Micronutrient treatments used were the various concentrations of iron and zinc (0.002, 0.004 and 0.008 concentrations of these elements as Fe1Zn1, Fe1Zn2, Fe1Zn3, Fe2Zn1, Fe2Zn2, Fe2Zn3, Fe3Zn1 and Fe3Zn2) and a control treatment (Fe0Zn0). Analysis of variance of traits under study showed statistically significant differences among treatments in terms of tuber yield, number of tubers per plant, tuber size, skin thickness and volumetric weight and dry weight of tubers. The highest tuber yield (48.10 t.ha-1) and maximum skin thickness were obtained from Fe1Zn3 treatment. The highest tuber number belonged to Fe2Zn1 (0.004 and 0.002 concentrations of iron and zinc) and Fe1Zn3 (0.002 and 0.008 concentrations of iron and zinc). Tuber weights higher than 35 grams and higest volumetric tuber weight were produced by using Fe3Zn2. The conclusion is this that using Fe1Zn3 traetment (0.002 and 0.008 concentrations) resulted in highest tuber yield and thickness of tuber skin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Corn Seed Yield and Its Components as Affected by Different Time of Weeding, Seed Osmopriming and Foliar Application of Micronutrient
H. Abbasdokht M. AsgharniaTo study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at t MoreTo study the effect of different times of hand weeding, seed osmopriming and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Shahrood University. Treatments factors were weeding with 3 levels (hand weeding 2, 4 and 6 weeks after crop emergence, seed osmopriming with 2 levels (osmopriming and control) and micronutrients application at 2 levels (foliar application with micronutrient and control). Results showed that the different times of weeding had significant effect on yield and yield components and highest seed yield was obtained with weeding at 6 weeks after emergence. Seed osmopriming significantly increased all of the variables under study. Foliar micronutrient applications also increased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, ear weght, ear length, ear diameter and the 100-seeds weight in comparison to control significantly, but it didn’t effect number of seed rows per ear significantly. The interactions of osmopriming and micro nutrient on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, height of plant, the number of seed in row, 100-seed weight, weight of corn and ear length were also significant. The interactions of different times of weeding and osmopriming significantly affected only ear diameter. The effect of different times of weeding and foliar application of micronutrient on ear diameter was also significant. Seed yield and ear length were affected by triple interactions of treatments. The results of this study showed that osmopriming, foliar application of micronutrient and hand weeding 6 weeks after emergence all had positive effect on improving growth indices and seed yield of corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effects of Micro Elements of Iron and Zinc on Morphological Characteristics of Mycorrhized Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Shahab KhaghaniDeficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological c MoreDeficiency of micro-nutrients in human diet may cause health problems. To increase the amount of these elements in the edible parts of the plants would eliminate the incidence of these health problems. Thus, the effects of iron and zinc on seed yield and morphological characteristics of mycorrhized barley (cv. Bahman) root was studied in Karaj, Iran, during growing season of 2013-14. It was carried out in afactorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted two levels of mycorrhiza, non-inoculation (M0) and inoculation with 10 kg/ha of Glomus intraradices (M1), and three levels of iron from Fe-EDDHA (Sequestrene138) as control (F0), 2.5 kg/ha (F1) and 5kg/ha (F2) and three levels of zinc as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) as control (Z0), 25 kg/ha (Z1) and 50 kg/ha (Z2). The results showed that application of mycorrhiza increased parameters like total root length (TRL), root length density (RLD), specific root length (SLR), root colonization percentage and grain yield by 900.6 cm, 0.52 cm/cm3, 1738.1 cm/g, 5.41% and 1ton/ha respectively. Mean comparisons also revealed that using iron, mycorrhiza and without Zn application increased levels of root dry weight (RDW) by 2.81 g. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Physiological Response of Common Glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.) to Potassium Nano-Particles Grown in Saline Soils around the Lake Urmia
Alireza Pirzad Mehdi JabbarzadehTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with th MoreTo evaluate the effects of spraying potassium nano-particles on the osmolytes, photosynthetic pigments, total carotenoids and nutrients of aerial parts of common glasswort (Salicornia europaea L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the marginal lands of Lake Urmia in 2012. The treatments consisted of application of potassium nano-particle concentrations at five levels (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/l of K nano-particles) applied, once, twice and three times. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant interaction between the levels and concentrations of potassium nano-particles sprayings on aerial parts with respect to their contents proline, total soluble carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids (xanthophyll and carotene) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium). The highest levels of proline (1.84 mg/g dry weight) at one time spraying 4 g/l of K, total soluble carbohydrates (66.9 mg/g dry weight) at three times spraying 4 g/l, total chlorophyll (26.23 mg/g fresh weight) and chlorophyll b (22.85 mg/g fresh weight) at two times of water spraying, and chlorophyll a (9.93 mg/g fresh weight) at three times of 4g/l of potassium nano-particles sprayings were obtained. The highest nitrogen (0.95 % of aerial parts) and phosphorus (2.99 g/kg dry weight of aerial parts) contents were obtained from three times water spraying. However, the highest amounts of aerial plant part of potassium (65.08 g/kg dry weight) and sodium (403 g/kg dry weight) belonged to the two times, and calcium (29.23 g/kg dry weight) to the three times spraying of 4 g/l nano-potassium. Despite of the high concentration of osmolytes by potassium spraying, the nutrient accumulations levels were not significantly different from each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Response of Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) to the Application of Zinc and Iron at Irrigation Cutoff Conditions
Mojtaba Afshari Ahmad Naderi Mani Mojadam Shahram Lak Mojtaba AlavifazelThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in north MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in northwest of Ahvaz. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of water deficit stresses at three levels, complete irrigation, cutoff irrigation both at the vegetative growth stage (12-14 leaf) and early seed growth stage, sub-plots were zinc sulfate foliar application at three concentrations (0, 5 and 10 g.L-1) and sub sub-plots foliar solution of iron sulfate at three concentrations (0, 3 and 6 g.L-1). The results of this study showed that increasing ZnSO4 concentration from zero to ten per thousand at constant levels of FeSO4 application (6 per thousand concentrations) resulted in increase in leaf area index under water deficit condition at the vegetative growth stage and beginning of seed growth stage. The lowest current photosynthesis was obtained in the absence of foliar application of zinc and iron. The lowest content of intercellular carbon dioxide was obtained at the beginning of seed growth stage when irrigation was stopped. The use of zinc and iron sulfate increased the values of this trait and removed the photosynthetic limitations. The highest yield of ear was obtained in complete irrigation with 6 per thousand concentration FeSO4 spray (9135.66 kg.ha-1), which increased by 25.1% compared to non-spray at this irrigation level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Differential Concentrations of some Nutrient Element in Forage of Corn (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Organic Fertilizers and Soil Compaction
N. Najafi A. MohammadnejadSoil compaction is one of the most important limiting factor for normal crop growth, because it reduces absorption by the plant. Application of organic fertilizers in agricultural soils can reduce the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant growth and also suppl MoreSoil compaction is one of the most important limiting factor for normal crop growth, because it reduces absorption by the plant. Application of organic fertilizers in agricultural soils can reduce the detrimental effects of soil compaction on plant growth and also supply some nutrients to plant. Thus, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 treatments to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizers in mitigating soil compaction. The first factor in this study was the source and amount of organic fertilizer at seven levels (control, farmyard manure, sewage sludge compost and municipal solid waste compost and each of organic fertilizers at two levels of 15 and 30 g/kg of soil). The second factor was soil compaction at two levels (bulk density of 1.2 and 1.7 g/cm3). To perform this experiment, 10 kg of dry soil was poured into special PVC pots and then seeds of single cross 704 corn were planted. At the end of the growth period, the corn shoot was harvested and concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined by dry ashing method. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Pb in the shoot, related to the different treatments, were negligible. Concentrations of P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in the corn shoot were increased significantly by application of farmyard manure, sewage sludge compost and municipal solid waste compost at both levels of soil compaction. However, Na concentration of shoot did not change significantly. Soil compaction significantly reduced P, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations of corn shoot, but it affected concentrations of Na and K significantly. Application of organic fertilizers and increasing their levels reduced the negative effects of soil compaction on nutrients uptake by corn plant. This study showed that to improve forage corn nutrition, application of 15 or 30 g of farmyard manure or sewage sludge compost or municipal solid waste compost per kg of soil can be recommended to similar compacted and non-compacted conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Utilization of Micronutrients in Dorotti Sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivar
Saeid Soleymani Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari TabriziMicronutrients have an important role in growth and yield of plants. This investigatin was carried out to evaluate effect of foliar applications of three micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) at different times (4-6 and 8-10 leaf stage) with three replication on sugar beet. Ba MoreMicronutrients have an important role in growth and yield of plants. This investigatin was carried out to evaluate effect of foliar applications of three micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) at different times (4-6 and 8-10 leaf stage) with three replication on sugar beet. Based on results obtained all of the micronutrients used increased sugar beet sugar yield. Highest root yield was obtained by using 9 % of micronutrients at 4-6 leaf stage, but other concentrations did not have any effect on sugar beet yield. All of the three micronutrient concentrations increased root yield significantly. Application of 6% concentration increased root yield by 15.6 %. Mn application did not have any effect on sugar yield. 9 % concentration of Zn foliar application increased sugar yield by 16.4 %, and application of 6 and 9% of Fe increased sugar yield by 18.6 and 36 % respectively. Sugar percent did not changed by Mn application, but high concentrations of Fe and Zn at 8-10 leaf stage increased it. Highest increase in sugar percent obtained by using Fe 9 % foliar appliction. Because of economical importance of sugar and root yield, foliar application of 9 % of Fe and Zn at 8-10 leaf stage will be suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The comparison of serum concentrations of some elements in healthy and pica affected camels
Gholamali Kojouri Reza Gharehdaghli Abdonaser MohebiPica is the ingestion of nonfood materials which may occur due to digestive system disorders, metabolic diseases, parasitic infestation and/or some deficiencies and then leads to intoxication, TRP, peritonitis, reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction, abomasal impaction, ab MorePica is the ingestion of nonfood materials which may occur due to digestive system disorders, metabolic diseases, parasitic infestation and/or some deficiencies and then leads to intoxication, TRP, peritonitis, reticulo-omasal orifice dysfunction, abomasal impaction, abomasitis and intestinal obstruction. In the present study sex, age range and location of camels (Camelus dromedarius) were determined and blood samples were taken before the slaughter. In postmortem examination, forestomach contents of 300 slaughtered camels were carefully examined for the presence of foreign bodies. Blood samples of 20 healthy and 20 camels with pica were used to determine the serum concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, cobalt and copper to zinc ratio. The results showed that 36 of 300 camels were suffering from pica and the incidence was estimated at 12 percent. Among these, metallic objects with a relative frequency of 33.33% had the highest and woody material with 5.26% had the lowest occurrence. Serum levels of iron, copper, phosphorus, selenium, cobalt and the ratio of copper to zinc in camels with pica were significantly lower than healthy ones. Statistical analysis showed that the serum levels of zinc, copper and phosphorus in male camels with pica were significantly lower and serum levels of cobalt were higher than their female counterparts (p<0.05). It is concluded that deficiencies of iron, copper, phosphorus, selenium and cobalt may play a role in camel pica. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Effect of nutrients density on performance of broilers and its correlation with carcass characteristics in grower period of broiler chicks
ابوالفضل Bashiri A.R Safamehr مسعود Mostashari مهرنوش MirzaeiThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the correlation between different levels of diet nutrients in grower period on performance and carcass characteristicsof broiler chicks. The chickens were fed the same diet in starter period; later four diets with di MoreThis experiment was conducted in order to investigate the correlation between different levels of diet nutrients in grower period on performance and carcass characteristicsof broiler chicks. The chickens were fed the same diet in starter period; later four diets with different levels of nutrients were used in grower period. The levels of metabolisable energy in the experimental diets were 3000, 3100, 3200 and 3300 kcal/kg. Diets used in the research are set according to NRC (1994). Furthermore, the ratios of all energy to protein were kept constant. The results showed that weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics were affected by different levels of nutrients. In addition, an increase in density of nutrients had a direct correlation with gain weight, and a reverse one with feed and carcass percentage. Finally, analysis of regression between carcass and nutrients density indicated that there were a correlation between nutrients density changes and carcass with increasing levels of nutrients. In other words, carcass percentage (r=97%), edible carcass percentage (r=95%), thigh percentage (r=92%) and relative weight of gizzard (r=91%) showed the highest regression. Feed cost per kg of meat decreased with lowest energy level (p<0.05). As a result in broiler diets using low density nutrients can be useful than high density nutrients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The effect of nutrient seed priming with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate on the germination and seedling growth of lentil seeds
Mohammad Vahdani Rashvanloi Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi Mohammad Hasan Sayyari Zahan Hadi Shourideh Moslem MostafaeeIn a laboratory study, the effect of seed nutritional pretreatment on germination and seedling growth traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) in the form of two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications for two pretreatmen MoreIn a laboratory study, the effect of seed nutritional pretreatment on germination and seedling growth traits of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) in the form of two separate experiments in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications for two pretreatment materials [prime with iron sulfate (FeSO4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) ] were investigated. In each experiment and for each prime material, five levels of prime material concentration (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mM) were considered. The measured traits were germination percentage and speed, length of root and shoot, wet and dry weight of seedling, and longitudinal root index of seedling. The results of the data showed that in terms of the type of pretreatment, iron sulfate was superior to zinc sulfate and caused the major improvement of the germination indicators, except for the germination speed. Also, by increasing the concentration from 30 to 60 mM, the highest indicators of germination and seedling growth were obtained. However, with a further increase in the concentration of the pre-treatment material, a decreasing trend was observed in all the measured traits, which could possibly be due to the toxicity in the seeds under high concentrations of metals. In general, according to the obtained results, it seems that the use of these two substances, especially iron sulfate, with a maximum concentration of 60 mM, is beneficial for improving the germination and nutritional characteristics of seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Evaluation of growth Feature of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum trees using stem analysis
jamshid eslam dost hormoz sohrabi seyed mohsen hoseyniTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and vo MoreTree growth has a great ecological and economic importance and stem analysis is one of the reliable and widely used methods which is used to study the growth of different attributes of the trees. In the present study, we evaluated diameter, basal area, and height and volume growth of two fast growing species (namely Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum). After falling down the trees, 5 centimeter thick disks at 2 meter intervals were collected and transported to the laboratory. The thickness of the annual rings was measured in two perpendicular directions up to1millimeter precision. The results showed that the highest value of the current growth of diameter of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 4 and 6 year ages, respectively, equal to 1.5 and 5.4 cm and the highest value of the current basal area growth of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 9 and 10 year ages, respectively, equal to 0.1 and 0.14 square meters. Furthermore, the highest value of the current growth of height of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 6 and 9 year ages, respectively, with value of 1.3 m 3.1 m and the highest value of the current growth in the volume of Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum occurred in 8 and 12 year ages, with a value of 0.094 and 0.1 cubic meters, respectively. Finally, there would be concluded that both of these species in such sites can meet the environmental needs such as green spaces as well as economic goals such as commercial wood product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effects of humic acid and mycorrhiza on morphological characteristics and nutrients concentration of red bean (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Mojtaba Yousefi Rad Abolfazl Masomi ZavarianIn order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replica MoreIn order to investigate the effect of interaction of mycorrhiza and humic acid on morphological characteristics, seed protein percentage, and nutrients concentration of red beans, an experiment was conducted as factorial randomized complete block design in three replications. Research factors included mycorrhiza at three levels of control, Glomus intraradice, Glomus mossea, and also foliar application of humic acid at three levels of control, 15, and 30 mg/l. The experiment was conducted as pot and under normal and uncontrolled conditions. Measured traits included plant height, root length, number of plant pods, number of seeds in each pod, 100 seeds weight, seed protein, and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of leaves. Application of mycorrhiza and humic acid increased measured traits except for the number of seeds in each pod and 100 seeds weight. There was no significant difference between the two strains and also levels of 15 and 30 mg/l humic acid in the studied traits. Generally, foliar application of 15 mg/l humic acid in the presence of mycorrhiza was more effective than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The effects of vermicompost and Azomite on growth parameters, biochemical traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Hassan Ebrahimi Danial ShokouhiVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive r MoreVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive range of beneficial elements. In order to investigate effects of different levels of vermicompost and Azomite application on growth and some qualitative characteristics and mineral absorption of summer savory, a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors, namely vermicompost and Azomite in four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and (0, 3, 6, and 9 g/kg soil), respectively in the research greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The traits under investigation included plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, number of branches, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and soluble carbohydrates content, as well as absorption of nutrients. Results showed that application 10% and 15% vermicompost combined with 3 grams of Azomite per kg of soil increased significantly plant growth parameters such as leaf and stem fresh and dry weight, internode length, and stem diameter as well as biochemical traits such as relative water content, soluble sugar content, and photosynthetic pigments compared to control plants (non-application of vermicompost and Azomite). The interaction between vermicompost and Azomite had a significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, and manganese concentrations. The use of vermicompost (levels 10% and 15%) with Azomite (at all three levels) significantly increased the concentration of these elements compared to the control treatment. It was also observed that the use of vermicompost as alone caused a significant increase in potassium and magnesium in plants compared with non-fertilized treatment. In general, the results of this experiment showed that using vermicompost and Azomite mineral fertilizer can improve quantitative and qualitative traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Evaluation of the effect of foliar and soil application of zinc and silicon nanoparticles on some physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
norollah kheyri Hossein Ajam Norouzi Hamid Reza Mobasser Benjamin TorabiTo evaluate the effect of various application methods of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) on some physiological traits of rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replicati MoreTo evaluate the effect of various application methods of zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) on some physiological traits of rice (cv. Tarom Hashemi), a field experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications in Nour in 2016. The experimental treatments included T1: Control, T2: Calcium silicate soil application, T3: Zinc sulfate soil application, T4: Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T5: Nano-Si foliar application, T6: Nano-Si + Calcium silicate, T7: Nano-Si + Zinc sulfate, T8: Nano-Si + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T9: Nano-Zn oxide foliar application, T10: Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate, T11: Nano-Zn oxide + Zinc sulfate, T12: Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate, T13: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide, T14: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate, T15: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Zinc sulfate and T16: Nano-Si + Nano-Zn oxide + Calcium silicate + Zinc sulfate. Results showed that straw protein, zinc and silicon in grain and straw were affected by experimental treatments, but the evaluated treatments showed no significant effect on grain protein and chlorophyll content of flag leaf. Among evaluated treatments, the combined application of silicon and zinc improved nutrient absorption compared to separate application of each element and control. This indicates the aggregation of Zn and Si compounds and their synergistic effects. Combined application of silicon and zinc by both methods of NP foliar application and soil application (T16) improved nutrients uptake in grain and straw of rice, but among the methods used, the NP foliar application had a more positive effects in improving physiological characteristics of rice plants than the treatments of soil application of elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effect of biodegradable and nanotropic fertilizers (Manganese, Cupper, and Zinc) on economic yield, antioxidant enzymes and concentration of some elements in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) under drought Stress
esmat hashemi nafiseh mahdi nezhad barat ali fakheri roghaei mohammadpourIn order to investigate the effects of nanofertilizers (Fe, Zn, and Mn), Bioumik biological fertilizer, and drought stress on the economic yield of the sepal, antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of some elements in roselle plants under drought stress, a spilt plots e MoreIn order to investigate the effects of nanofertilizers (Fe, Zn, and Mn), Bioumik biological fertilizer, and drought stress on the economic yield of the sepal, antioxidant enzymes, and concentration of some elements in roselle plants under drought stress, a spilt plots experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Research Farm of the University of Zabol in 2015. Experimental treatments included drought stress at 4 levels (30, 50, 70, and 90 percent available moisture) as the main factor and four levels of fertilizers (no fertilizer, nano-iron, iron compounds, and nano-biological fertilizers) as the sub-agent. The main effects of drought stress, fertilizer, and their interactions on all traits were significant at P≤0.01. The highest fresh and dry weights were obtained under nano-iron fertilizer and 70 percent drought tolerance. Nano-iron fertilizer and 30 percent available moisture content resulted in the highest levels of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. Application of nano-iron fertilizer increased the concentration of micro and macro elements (Fe, Zn, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) in the plant and the highest concentrations of the elements were observed in the interaction of nano-iron fertilizer with drought stress at 70 percent capacity of the pot. In general, it can be said that stress has a destructive effect on the plant, the use of nano-iron increases plant tolerance to stress, and the use of Roselle plant is suitable for stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Evaluation of the effect of Azospirillum spp. inoculation, alone and in combination with phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium , on alleviation of the effects of salinity stress on Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Nosratollah Abasi Jalal Jalilian Mohhamad Javad ZareIncreasing salinity of soil and water is the most important concern for agriculture in dry lands. In this research the effect of Azospirillum inoculation alone and in co-inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria was investigated in alleviating the adverse effect MoreIncreasing salinity of soil and water is the most important concern for agriculture in dry lands. In this research the effect of Azospirillum inoculation alone and in co-inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria was investigated in alleviating the adverse effect of salinity on mung bean Vigna radiata L. cv Gohar) for 2-year under field condition. The study was a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main factors were application of various serovars of Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium, co-inoculation of both bacteria, non-inoculated treatment as control and two levels of salinity irrigation (0.2 and 12 dS m-1). Analysis of variance indicated significant effect of salinity and microbial inoculation on mung bean seed yield. Salinity resulted in reduction of seed yield by 88%. Under salinity and non-salinity conditions, the highest amount of grain yield, seed weight, and seed number was observed in plants with seeds inoculated with Azospirillum. The minimum Na and K and maximum P contents of seeds were observed in Azospirillum inoculated plants. Co-inoculation with Azospirillum and Bacillus megaterium resulted in no further beneficial effect under saline and non-saline conditions. Overall, Azospirillum appeared to be effective in mitigation of the adverse effect of NaCl and its co-inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria gained no more additives benefit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Study on dynamism of the main nutrient elements along litter decomposition process of Bromus tomentellus Bornm
zeinab jafarian Zahra Yuosefi Mohammad Hodjati Mohammad TayebiSince Bromes tomentellus is one of the most important species in natural ecosystems in Iran both quantitatively and qualitatively, this research investigated decomposition process of Bromes tomentellus through studying dynamism of the main nutrient elements and decompos MoreSince Bromes tomentellus is one of the most important species in natural ecosystems in Iran both quantitatively and qualitatively, this research investigated decomposition process of Bromes tomentellus through studying dynamism of the main nutrient elements and decomposition rate of leaves and stems of the plantin a period of one year. The litter bag technique with size of 20×20 cm and 2 mm pores was used in this research. Each bag was filled with 5 g dried plant specimens. A totallof 54 bags with leaf, stem, and combination of leaf and stem were placed with three replications in Hosein Abad Research Station. Bags were taken at intervals of 60 days (6 times in a year). The amount of nutrients N, C, K, P, and C/N in leaves, stems, and the combination of leaves and stems were measured after each sampling. The results showed that the percentage of N in leaf was 1.02 which was 0.65 and 0.34 more in comparison with the nitrogen content of stem and the combination of leaf and stem, respectively. Also, annual decomposition constants of leaves, stems, leaves and stems of this species were 1.22, 0.95, and 1.88 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effects of Alhagi maurorum and Cardaria draba weeds on mineral nutrients absorption in wheat
Nayer Mohammadkhani Moslem ServatiAllelopathy can affect the plant growth and change the soil nutrient contents. The aim of this study was evaluation of the allelopathic effects of Alhagi maurorum L. and Cardaria draba L. as two important weeds in wheat fields on nutrient absorption of this crop. Pot ex MoreAllelopathy can affect the plant growth and change the soil nutrient contents. The aim of this study was evaluation of the allelopathic effects of Alhagi maurorum L. and Cardaria draba L. as two important weeds in wheat fields on nutrient absorption of this crop. Pot experiments were designed to study the allelopathic effects of A. maurorum and C. draba shoots on mineral nutrient contents in wheat. The absorption of high demand (NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and P) and low demand micronutrients (Fe2+ and Cu2+) in roots and shoots of wheat plants reduced in plants cultivated on rhizospheric soil of A. maurorum and C. draba. Allelopathy did not affect absorption of Mg2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. Allelopathic effect of A. maurorum was significantly (P<0.05) higher than C. draba. It seems that decrease in mineral nutrients absorption was because of allopathic effects of the released allelochemicals from the roots of C. draba and A. maurorum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoclates on some morphophysiological and nutrient traits of peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Hamidreza Bagheri alireza ladanmoghadam Elham Danaee Vahid AbdossiDue to the importance of using nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of agricultural products, This study aims to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoparticles MoreDue to the importance of using nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of agricultural products, This study aims to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoparticles on some morphophysiological traits and nutrient uptake of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) that is one of the most important medicinal plants of the lamiaceae family was done in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2018 in a greenhouse located in Islamshahr. Foliar application treatments of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nanoclates included three levels of 2, 4 and 6 mg/l. Foliar application was applied in three stages with one week intervals and two weeks after the last foliar application, sampling was performed to evaluate the traits. The results showed that the application of nano-chelates significantly increased the evaluated traits compared to the control, so that the highest fresh and dry weight of shoots, total chlorophyll content of leaves and iron in the treatment of iron nano-chelate 6 mg/l, the highest fresh and dry weight of roots and the amount of potassium in the treatment of nano-chelate potassium was obtained 6 mg/l, also the highest amount of phenol and manganese in the treatment of nano-chelate manganese 6 mg/l, the highest amount of flavonoids and vitamin C in the treatment of nano-chelate Manganese 4 mg/l, the highest amount of calcium was observed in the treatment of calcium nano-chelate, 6 mg/l and the highest amount of essential oil was observed in the treatment of iron nano-chelate, 4 mg/l. In general, according to the results of this study, the application of iron, potassium, calcium and manganese nano-chelates with concentrations of 4 and 6 mg/l has a positive effect on increasing the productivity of peppermint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The combined role of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilizer on nutrient uptake of shoot in barley under rainfed conditions
Rahim Naseri Amir Mirzaei Amin AbbasiIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungi on nutrient uptake of barley in rain fed conditions, a field experiment was carried out in factorial analysis based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricul MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungi on nutrient uptake of barley in rain fed conditions, a field experiment was carried out in factorial analysis based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm station of Sarablah Agricultural Research Center, Ilam during 2019-2020 cropping season. Experimental factors were four barley cultivars (Mahali, Mahoor, Khoram, and Fardan) and fertilizer application including: control (without fertilizer application and mycorrhizal fungi), 50% P chemical fertilizer recommended based on soil test (25 keg/ha), mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, and Rhizophagus irregularis), mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% P chemical fertilizer, and 100% P chemical fertilizer as recommended. Results indicated that interaction between cultivar and fertilizer sources had significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, and manganese. Interaction of Fardan cultivar and mycorrhizal fungi + 50% phosphorus fertilizer resulted in the highest nitrogen (11.1%), phosphorus (1.19%), potassium (3.92%), magnesium (0.292%), iron (136.5 mg.kg-1) manganese (65.8 mg.kg-1), and copper (65.71 mg.kg-1) in leaves. According to the obtained results, in the rain fed conditions, the new cultivar Fardan is recommended with mycorrhizal fungi along with 50% phosphorus fertilizer given the high concentration of high macro elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium) and micro elements (iron, manganese, and copper) and the role of these elements in plant growth and photosynthesis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Compensate for reduced yield due to late water stress by using growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Mehrnoush Eskandari Torbaghan sayd fazel fazeli kakhki Mohammad JoleiniThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources MoreThe application of foliar spraying can be practical in critical stages for alleviating plant nutritional needs in the short term. To investigate the effect of growth enhancers in the tillering stage of wheat on the compensation of required compounds from storage sources to grain in the remobilization process in the stopping last irrigation, an experiment was carried out in a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the farm of Kashmar research station in 2020-2021. The main plots were two variety of wheat: V1: Sirvan and V2: Rakhshan, the subplots were growth enhancers including (T1: Control, T2: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + amino acid (2:1000); T3: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + micronutrient (2:1000); T4: Urea phosphate (10 kg.ha-1) + solopotas (8 kg.ha-1) + humic acid (2:1000). The results showed that the highest plant height was obtained from T3 treatment in the Sirvan cultivar. In both Sirvan and Rakhshan varieties, the highest peduncle length was recorded from a foliar spray of T3. The highest plant dry weight (1290 g.m-2) per square meter was also obtained from T2 in Sirvan. Grain weight per square meter in the Sirvan cultivar was 651, 582, and 462 g.m-2 from the application of T2, T3, and T4, respectively, which was higher than the Rakhshan cultivar in these treatments. The highest amount of photosynthesis was 19.1 μCO2mol.m-2. s-1, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 (Ci) were obtained in the Sirvan cultivar by T2 application. In general, the effect of T2 treatment on photosynthesis and yield indicates compensation for the lack of grain yield (52% increase) and biomass (51%) due to the last water stop in the Sirvan cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Effect of different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on micronutrients uptake in shoots and yield of seeds in soybean (Glycine max L.)
آذر دخت Mehdipoor M.A Rezaei احمد Asgharzadeh علی CheratiRhizobium inoculants have been used for a long period of time to increase yield and decrease nitrogen fertilizers application in different legume crops. Application of these biological fertilizers can provide benefits for environmental purposes and considerable improvem MoreRhizobium inoculants have been used for a long period of time to increase yield and decrease nitrogen fertilizers application in different legume crops. Application of these biological fertilizers can provide benefits for environmental purposes and considerable improvement in yield. In order to investigate the effects of inoculating soybean seeds with six different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (include domestic product of soybean inoculum; RS150, RS151, RS152, RS154 and Nitrogen-Italia inoculums) on uptake of microelements in shoots and subsequently yield, an experiment was conducted on field conditions. In 50 percent flowering stage, leave samples were collected and Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn amount of the samples were determined. Yield was also measured in harvesting time. Results showed that Bradyrhizobium bacteria inoculation had a significant effect on nutrients content of leaves in comparison with the control. In addition, comparing yield in control with other treatments showed that the influence of inoculation on yield was significant. Application of biological fertilizers is therefore so important in optimizing fertilizer consumption in agricultural and ecological system. Thus, biological fertilizers can be used instead of chemical fertilizers due to their considerable effects on increasing yield and diminishing harmful effects of chemical fertilizers on the nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - In vitro culture of carnation and acclimatization of the plantlet to ex vitro condition
مه لقا ghorbanli ف nouri-cootanai ب Allahverdi MamaghaniDianthus caryophyllus is one of the most important species in Dianthus genus. In order to propagation virus-free plant material, in vitro culture of this species var cerise royallette were studied. Explants were cultured in Anderson medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylami MoreDianthus caryophyllus is one of the most important species in Dianthus genus. In order to propagation virus-free plant material, in vitro culture of this species var cerise royallette were studied. Explants were cultured in Anderson medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine. 6-benzylaminopurine alone induced callus in nodes and internodes explants. To achieve organogenesis, calli subcultured onto Anderson medium with or without plant growth regulator. The highest shoot length was obtained in medium without any hormone. The most suitable adventitious shoot regeneration medium was Anderson medium supplement with 4 mgl-1 Kin and 0.1 mgl-1 NAA. Root regeneration was observ ed in medium with 0.5 and 1 mgl-1 naphtalenacetic acid. Rooted plantlet transferred into pot with perlite and irrigated by different nutrient solution. The effect of different nutrient solution (An, OM, MS, MC) on growth and development of plantlet were compared. The results showed Anderson medium was more effective than the others. Acclimatized plants were transferred to soil. All plants were survived in field condition and produced flower after 4 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluation of quantity and quality of Linum usitatissimum L. fatty acids under the influence of boric acid, salicylic acid, and urea foliar application during the day
mahtab pouyanfar Naser Mohebalipour Hassan Nourafcan Ali FaramarziLinum usitatissimum L. is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and moreover, its oil is a valuable source of essential fatty acids composed of omega-3 such as alpha-linolenic acid. This plant is sensitive to fertilizer that is poured near the stem. There MoreLinum usitatissimum L. is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and moreover, its oil is a valuable source of essential fatty acids composed of omega-3 such as alpha-linolenic acid. This plant is sensitive to fertilizer that is poured near the stem. Therefore, foliar application of nutrients is used as an efficient method with a major impact on the growth, quantity and quality of active ingredients in this product. This factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Medicinal Plants Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch, during 2019 to assess the effect of foliar application of different concentrations of boric acid, salicylic acid and urea at different hours of the day on increasing the quantity and quality of essential fatty acids. Treatments were applied at ten-day intervals in three periods after the beginning of flowering and the final harvest was performed to extract the oil with N-hexane solvent after capsule maturity. The percentage of fatty acid profile of flaxseed oil were determined using GC and GC-MS connected to mass spectrometer. Based on the results, the foliar application 50 mg/l salicylic acid on the percentage of alpha-linolenic acid and 3 liters of boric acid on linoleic acid after sunset, and 100 mg/l salicylic acid on eicosadienoic acid before sunrise and 5 g/l urea on palmitoleic acid after sunset were effective. Therefore, a combination of environmental effects on the plant before and during foliar application and plant physiology during and after uptake determines the effect of foliar application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Investigate of variation of morphological and phytochemical traits of Matricaria recutita L. affected by foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese and copper
سعید یوسف زادهIn order to investigation of effect of iron, zinc, manganese and copper on morphological and phytochemical traits of Matricaria recutita L, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017 on the Research Field of Payam MoreIn order to investigation of effect of iron, zinc, manganese and copper on morphological and phytochemical traits of Matricaria recutita L, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017 on the Research Field of Payam Noor University of Marand. Experimental treatments consisted of control, foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese, and copper. Results showed that foliar application had significant effect on all studied traits. Application of micronutrients had positive effect on studied traits compared to control treatment. The highest values of plant height, number of flowering branch per plant, number of flower per plant, yield of dry flower, total dry weight, harvest index, chlorophyll content, essential oil percent and essential oil yield were gained of foliar application of iron. The total chlorophyll content increased significantly due to the application of micronutrient elements compared to control treatment. Foliar application of Fe more than twice increased essential oil yield compare to control treatment. The highest and the lowest essential oil yield (1.93 and 0.9 kg/ha) was gained in application of Fe and control treatments respectively. Foliar application of iron treatment (383 kg/ha) increased yield of dry flower percent up to 30% compare to control treatment (258.63 kg/ha). Non application of micronutrients decreased all of the studied traits in plants. In general, results showed that foliar application of iron can be improved quantitative and qualitative yield of Matricaria recutita L. which could be used as a suitable management strategy for reach to optimum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Investiganting the effect of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on physiological and phytochemical variations of Rosa damascena. Mill. esential oil
Zahra Allahverdi Mehrab Yadegari Mohammad MoghaddamRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiologic MoreRosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosa damascena Mill. in two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Farsan during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was performed three times with 4-day intervals before the flowering stage. Essential oil extraction was done by steam distillation (a clevenger apparatus), phytochemical evaluation was performed using spectrophotometric method, and antioxidant performance was evaluated through DPPH test. Results showed that foliar application of elicitors increased dry weight of leaves and photosynthetic pigments. The phenolic compounds of leaves and petals of R. damascena Mill. also increased in response to applied elicitors and the highest increment was observed in plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mg L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also the results showed the positive effect of applied treatments on increasing macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves of damask rose. Methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) increased the essential oil content of the treated plants by 34.32%. According to the obtained results, methyl jasmonate applied at concentration of 1 mM is suggested to improve the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of the R. damascena plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Climate change impacts on nitrogen and phosphorus loading in New England watersheds
Jenna Baker Timothy Randhir -
Open Access Article
64 - Digital soil mapping of Maniyari Basin using Geospatial Techniques
Dipak Bej Naresh Kumar Baghmar -
Open Access Article
65 - Performance of Lactating Sahiwal Cows Fed Corn Stovers Ensiled with Molasses, Urea and Lime Solution
F. Ahmad N.A. Tauqir A. Faraz I. Asghar F. Wadood M.N. Tahir M.N. Mujahid -
Open Access Article
66 - Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S.E. Alu -
Open Access Article
67 - Proximate, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Composition of Wild Ganoderma lucidum: Implication on Its Utilization in Poultry Production
A.O. Ogbe A.D. Obeka -
Open Access Article
68 - Symbiotic-Glyconutrient Mixture or Pasteurized Colostrum as a Strategy to Increase Health and Performance during First 30-d of Birth of Calves Reared in a Dairy Farm with Good Management Practices
M.E. Calderón-Díaz G. López-Valencia A. Barreras F.J. Monge-Navarro Y.S. Valdés García S.M. Gaxiola-Camacho N. Castro Del Campo J.B. Leyva-Morales A. Plascencia -
Open Access Article
69 - The Effect of Trace Mineral Source on Nutrients Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters
A. Abdian Samarin M.A. Norouzian A. Afzalzadeh -
Open Access Article
70 - Impact of Siberian Larch Dihydroquercetin or Dry Distilled Rose Petals as Feed Supplements on Lamb’s Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Count Parameters
N.Z. Stancheva J.L. Nakev D.B. Vlahova-Vangelova D.K. Balev S.G. Dragoev -
Open Access Article
71 - اثر دانه آسیاب شده یا کامل گندم و تریتیکاله بر عملکرد تولیدی، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ، ویژگی های دستگاه گوارش و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در بلدرچینهای ژاپنی تخمگذار
ن. بختیاری معز س. میرزایی گودرزی ع.ا. ساکی ا. احمدیاین مطالعه به ­منظور بررسی اثر دانه آسیاب­ شده یا کامل گندم و تریتیکاله بر عملکرد تولیدی، صفات کیفی تخم ­مرغ، ویژگی­ های دستگاه گوارش و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در بلدرچین ­های ژاپنی تخمگذار انجام شد. مجموعاً تعداد 210 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی تخمگذار از سن 18 Moreاین مطالعه به ­منظور بررسی اثر دانه آسیاب­ شده یا کامل گندم و تریتیکاله بر عملکرد تولیدی، صفات کیفی تخم ­مرغ، ویژگی­ های دستگاه گوارش و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی در بلدرچین ­های ژاپنی تخمگذار انجام شد. مجموعاً تعداد 210 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی تخمگذار از سن 18 تا 26 هفتگی در این آزمایش استفاده شد. آزمایش به ­صورت فاکتوریل 1+ 2 × 2 شامل پنج تیمار طراحی شد: 1) جیره شاهد بر اساس ذرت-کنجاله سویا، 2) دو نوع غله (گندم و ترتیکاله)، 3) دو شکل فیزیکی غله (دانه آسیاب­شده و کامل). هر تیمار شامل شش تکرار و هر واحد آزمایشی شامل قفس با هفت پرنده بود. درصد تولید، وزن تخم ­مرغ، توده تخم ­مرغ و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر منبع غله قرار نگرفتند به استثنای میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه که فقط با تغذیه تریتیکاله کاهش یافت (P=0513). میانگین خوراک مصرفی روزانه و درصد تولید در گروه تغذیه­ شده با دانه کامل در مقایسه با گروه دریافت­ کننده دانه آسیاب ­شده بالاتر بود (p < 0.05). رنگ زرده تخم ­مرغ در گروه­ های تغذیه­ شده با گندم و تریتیکاله در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش یافت (p < 0.05). وزن نسبی کبد، پیش معده، لوزالمعده، سنگدان و روده کور تحت تأثیر گروه ­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. تغذیه دانه کامل نسبت به شکل آسیاب­ شده باعث افزایش اسیدیته ژژنوم (P=0.0014)، روده کور (p < 0.05) و ویسکوزیته روده باریک (p < 0.001) شد. تغذیه تریتیکاله در مقایسه با گندم باعث کاهش قابلیت هضم ماده خشک (p < 0.01) و انرژی قابل سوخت ­و ­ساز ظاهری تصحیح ­شده براساس نیتروژن (p < 0.05) شد. به ­طور کلی، استفاده از دانه آسیاب ­شده تریتیکاله در جیره بر مصرف خوراک، درصد تولید و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی اثر منفی داشت ولی تغذیه دانه کامل غلات باعث بهبود عملکرد تولیدی و قابلیت هضم ماده خشک در بلدرچین­ های تخمگذار شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Rosemary Leaf Meal on General Performance, Carcass Traits, Organ Sizes and Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens
M.C. Ogwuegbu C.E. Oyeagu H.O. Edeh C.E. Dim A.O. Ani F.B. Lewu -
Open Access Article
73 - Effects of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Oils on Nutrients Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Growth Performance of Brown Swiss Neonatal Calves
م.ع. ابراهیمی س. سبحانیراد ا.ع. بیات -
Open Access Article
74 - تأثیر بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجههای خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجههای تخمیری شکمبه گوسفندان نر بلوچی تغذیه شده با جیره آلوده به دیازینون
م.ه. اعظمی ع.م. طهماسبی و. فروهر ع.ع. ناصریانبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هض Moreبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجه­های تخمیری شکمبه در گوسفندان تغذیه شده با خوراک آلوده به دیازینون (آفتکش ارگانوفسفره) هدف این مطالعه بود. 8 گوسفند نر بلوچی (2±40 کیلوگرم) به یک طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با چهار دوره 21 روزه، اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارها شامل: جیره شاهد، جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم، جیره شاهد به همراه 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون و جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون بودند. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، NDF و ADF تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). بنتونیت سدیم نوسانات اسیدیته شکمبه را پس از مصرف خوراک کاهش داد. سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه تیمارهای مختلف قبل از خوراکدهی مشابه بود اما 3 و 6 ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی به طور معنیداری در گروهی که خوراک آلوده به دیازینون مصرف کردند بیشتر بود (05/0>P). هموگلوبین، شمار سلول­های سفید و هماتوکریت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند اما شمار گلبول­های قرمز و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز به طور معنیداری در جیره­های حاوی آفتکش کاسته شد (05/0>P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از سدیم بنتونیت به عنوان یک جاذب برای کاهش اثرات منفی دیازینون بر نوسانات اسیدیته و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز مؤثر است. علاوه بر این اثری بر هموگلوبین، شمار گلبول­های سفید، هماتوکریت و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی خوراک ندارد. بنابراین بنتونیت سدیم می­تواند به عنوان یک جاذب مؤثر دیازینون در جیره گوسفندان استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
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75 - بررسی اثر محدودیت و شوری آب مصرفی روی عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری خوراک در برههای نر بلوچی
و. وثوقی-پوستین دوز ع. طهماسبی ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولی زاده ه. ابراهیمیبه منظور بررسی اثر محدودیت و شوری آب مصرفی بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری خوراک در برههای نر بلوچی، از ۲۰ رأس بره نر (میانگین سن ٥±١٧۰ روز و میانگین وزن ٨/۲±٣١ کیلوگرم) بصورت فاکتوریل (۲×۲) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار در هر Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر محدودیت و شوری آب مصرفی بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری خوراک در برههای نر بلوچی، از ۲۰ رأس بره نر (میانگین سن ٥±١٧۰ روز و میانگین وزن ٨/۲±٣١ کیلوگرم) بصورت فاکتوریل (۲×۲) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تکرار در هر تیمار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل گروه اول: دسترسی آزاد به آب مصرفی با سطح سختی کم، گروه دوم: دسترسی به ٥۰ درصد میانگین آب مصرفی روزانه با سطح سختی کم، گروه سوم: دسترسی آزاد به آب مصرفی با سطح سختی زیاد و گروه چهارم: دسترسی به ٥۰ درصد میانگین آب مصرفی روزانه با سطح سختی زیاد، بودند. طول مدت آزمایش ٤۲ روز که شامل ١٤ روز عادتپذیری و ۲٨ روز دوره آزمایش بود. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که محدودیت آب منجر به ایجاد اختلاف معنیداری در ماده خشک و آب مصرفی، افزایش وزن روزانه و نسبت آب مصرفی به خوراک مصرفی، هورمون آلدوسترون، نیتروژن اورهای خون، کلسترول، تریگلیسرید، هماتوکریت، کلر، پتاسیم، سدیم سرم،pH شکمبه و قابلیت هضم ADF،NDF، CP، ماده آلی، ادرار و مدفوع تولیدی در برهها شده است (05/0>P)، از طرفی مصرف آب با سختی زیاد منجر به ایجاد اختلاف معنیداری در ماده خشک و آب مصرفی، افزایش وزن روزانه، نسبت آب مصرفی به خوراک مصرفی، سدیم سرم و ادرار تولیدی در برهها شد (05/0>P). سایر پارامترهای اندازهگیری شده در برههای آزمایشی، تحت تأثیر محدودیت مصرف و شوری آب قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). با توجه به دادههای بدست آمده میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که هر چند محدودیت آب و سختی آن میتواند اثرات منفی بر عملکرد و فیزیولوژی حیوان بگذارند ولیکن این حیوانات میتوانند تا سطح ٥۰ درصد محدودیت و ٨۰۰۰ میلیگرم در لیتر شوری آب را تا حداقل برای مدت ۲٨ روز بدون تغییرات زیانبار و کشنده تحمل کنند Manuscript profile -
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76 - اثر روش تجویز پروبیوتیک و تراکم مواد مغذی جیره بر عملکرد رشد، سلامت روده و برخی از متغیرهای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی سالم یا مبتلا به عفونت ایمری
ف. خلیق ا. حسنآبادی ح. نصری-مقدم ا. گلیان غ.ع. کلیدریاین آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر روش تجویز پروبیوتیک (PAR)، تراکم مواد مغذی جیره (DND) و چالش آیمریا (ECH) بر عملکرد، ریختشناسی روده و متغیرهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تخم مرغهای دارای جنینهای 5/17 روزه با 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مقطر (شاهد حامل) یا 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مق Moreاین آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر روش تجویز پروبیوتیک (PAR)، تراکم مواد مغذی جیره (DND) و چالش آیمریا (ECH) بر عملکرد، ریختشناسی روده و متغیرهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. تخم مرغهای دارای جنینهای 5/17 روزه با 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مقطر (شاهد حامل) یا 1/0 میلیلیتر آب مقطر حاوی پروبیوتیک مورد تزریق قرار گرفتند. همچنین 72 عدد تخم مرغ دست نخورده نیز به عنوان گروه شاهد تزریق نشده، در آزمایش گنجانده شد. برای بررسیهای بیشتر، جوجههای خارج شده از تخممرغهای شاهد دست نخورده و تخم مرغهای دریافتکننده پروبیوتیک همراه با تعداد 465 قطعه جوجه از همان خواب ستر و گله مادر، طی یک آزمایش پن-بستر 42 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. جوجهها در دو سالن با شرایط محیطی کنترل شده مستقر شدند. هر یک از سالنها دارای 30 عدد پن بودند که این پنها به طور تصادفی به 6 گروه تیماری زیر اختصاص یافتند: جوجههای عادی دریافتکننده جیره استاندارد با پروبیوتیک (گروه 1) یا بدون آن (گروه 2)، جوجههای عادی دریافت کننده جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده، با پروبیوتیک (گروه 3) یا بدون آن (گروه 4) و جوجههای دریافتکننده پروبیوتیک به روش تزریق درونتخم مرغی و تغذیه شده با جیره استاندارد (گروه 5) یا با جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده (گروه 6). کلیه پرندههای یکی از سالنها در سن 28 روزگی با دز پاتوژنیک از واکسن زنده (تخفیف حدت یافته) آیمریاتلقیح شدند. وزن تفریخ و وزن کیسه زرده جوجههایی که پروبیوتیک را به روش درونتخم مرغی دریافت کرده بودند، در مقایسه با جوجههای شاهد کاهش یافته بود (05/0>P)؛ با این وجود، گروه یاد شده دارای بیشترین مقدار افزایش وزن بدن در 10 روز نخست پساتفریخ بود؛ هر چند این بهبود در سنین بالاتر مشاهده نشد. گروههای دریافتکننده جیره استاندارد در مقایسه با گروههای دریافت کننده جیره 5 درصد رقیق شده، عملکرد رشد بهتری داشتند. چالش آیمریا اثرات منفی معنیداری بر صفات عملکردی، ریختشناسی روده و متغیرهای خونشناختی داشت. روی هم رفته، PAR و DND اثرات زیانبار ناشی از عفونت آیمریا بر عملکرد تولیدی و سلامت جوجههای گوشتی را کاهش ندادند. Manuscript profile -
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77 - Effect of Amylolytic and Cellulolytic Enzymes on Whole Plant Corn Silage: Characteristics of Silage and Animal Digestion
J.R. Gandra A.T. Nunes E.R. Oliveira M.S.J. Silva C.A. Pedrini F.S. Machado E.R.S. Gandra P.V.C. Mendes A.G.S. Pause -
Open Access Article
78 - تاثیر محدودیت غذایی دوره آبستنی بر غلظت هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین و هورمون انسولین در بر ههای شیرخوار
ع. کیانیدر این مطالعه اثرات محدودیت تغذیه در دوره آخر آبستنی میش بر غلظت پلاسمایی هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین، لپتین، انسولین و گلوکز در برههای شیرخوار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میشهای آبستن دو قلو در طی شش هفته آخر آبستنی یا به صورت 60 درصد نیاز (گروه محدود) و یا به صورت 100 در Moreدر این مطالعه اثرات محدودیت تغذیه در دوره آخر آبستنی میش بر غلظت پلاسمایی هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین، لپتین، انسولین و گلوکز در برههای شیرخوار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میشهای آبستن دو قلو در طی شش هفته آخر آبستنی یا به صورت 60 درصد نیاز (گروه محدود) و یا به صورت 100 درصد نیاز براساس NRC (گروه کنترل) تغذیه شدند. بعد از زایمان همه میشها به صورت اختیاری تغذیه شدند. برههای شیرخوار در روز تولد و روزهای 7، 17 و 35 بعد از تولد خونگیری شدند. متوسط افزایش روزانه در دوره شیرخوارگی برههای متولد شده از گروه محدود به طرز معنیداری کمتر از گروه کنترل بود (19±216 در مقابل 21±292 گرم در روز). در روز تولد، برههای هر دو گروه هایپوگلایسمیک (2/0±5/2 میلیمول در لیتر) بودند و دارای کمترین سطح لپتین (08/0±6/0 میلیمول در لیتر) نسبت به سایر زمانهای خونگیری بودند. در روز هفتم سطح گلوکز به (2/0±9/5 میلیمول در لیتر) و سطح لپتین به (08/0±5/1 میلیمول در لیتر) افزایش یافت. محدودیت غذایی دوره آخر آبستنی سبب کاهش سطح گلوکز در گروه محدود (2/0±1/3 میلیمول در لیتر) نسبت به گروه کنترل (3/0±1/2 میلیمول در لیتر) در روز تولد شد. گروه محدود در مقایسه با گروه کنترل از سطح پایینتری از انسولین در پلاسما و نسبت بالاتری از گلوکز / انسولین برخوردار بودند. هرچند غلظت هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین در روز تولد تحت تاثیر محدودیت غذایی آخر آبستنی قرار نگرفت، ولی در طی دوره شیرخوارگی برههای گروه محدود سطح پایینتری از هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین را نشان دادند. به عنوان نتیجهگیری محدودیت غذایی آخر آبستنی سبب کاهش سطح پلاسمایی هورمون انسولین و هورمون رشد شبه-انسولین و همچنین تغییر نسبت گلوکز به انسولین در برههای شیرخوار شد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که گلوکز پلاسما در مقایسه با سطح پلاسمایی انسولین از رابطه قویتری با لپتین در برههای شیرخوار برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
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79 - اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای ازت جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج
K.P. Wickramasinghe N.S.B.M. Atapattu R.T. Seresinheگزارش شده که اسید سیتریک راندمان استفاده از فیتات باند شده جیرهای و پروتئین را افزایش میدهد. موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای موادمغذی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج بود. 144 قطعه جوجه گوشتی Moreگزارش شده که اسید سیتریک راندمان استفاده از فیتات باند شده جیرهای و پروتئین را افزایش میدهد. موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای موادمغذی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج بود. 144 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در 48 واحد آزمایشی، یکی از هشت جیره آزمایشی حاوی دو سطح سبوس برنج (20 یا 30 درصد)، اسید سیتریک (0 یا 2 درصد) و فسفر غیرفیتاته (25/0 یا 35/0 درصد) را به طور آزاد از روزهای 21 الی 42 در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمون فاکتوریل 2 × 2 × 2 دریافت کردند. ابقای ازت، فسفر، مواد معدنی و ماده خشک با استفاده از یک آزمایش جمعآوری کل تعیین شد. مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و اوزان پر، کبد، سنگدان و پانکراس به طور معنیداری توسط سطوح جیرهای سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). ابقای ازت، فسفر و ماده خشک توسط سطوح سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک، فسفر غیرفیتاته یا اثرات متقابل آنها تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی ابقای مواد معدنی سبوس برنج در سطح 30 درصدی را در مقایسه با سطح 20 درصدی بهبود داد (05/0P>). محتوای خاکستر استخوان درشتنی بالاتری وقتی جیرها دارای 2 درصد اسید سیتریک و 35/0 درصد از فسفر غیرفیتاته بود، مشاهده شد (05/0P>). نتیجه اینکه، 30 درصد سبوس برنج اثرات سویی روی عملکرد رشدی جوجههای گوشتی از روز 21 الی 42 نداشت. اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی اثرت سودمندی در سطوح جیرهای سبوس برنج در سطح 20 یا 30 درصد یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته 2/0 یا 35/0 درصد ایجاد نکرد. Manuscript profile -
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80 - Physiological response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to application of chitosan and magnesium-nano fertilizers under irrigation cut-off in a sustainable agriculture system
Jaber Khordadi Varamin Farzad Fanoodi Jafar Masuod Sinaki Shahram Rezvan Ali Damavandi -
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81 - Nutritional responses of Thymus exposed leaf spraying under soil nitrogen deficiency
Zeinab Asle Mohammadi Nayer Mohammadkhani Moslem Servati -
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82 - Foliar Application of Iron and Zinc on Quinoa under Drought Stress Affects Its Seeds Germination and Biochemical Properties
Nasim Pakbaz Heshmat Omidi Hassan Ali Naghdi Badi Amir Bostani -
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83 - اثر محیط کشت های مختلف بر برخی از رشد، گل دهی و پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی دو رقم گلایول (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) تحت شرایط کشت بدون حاک
علی جبار علی تهرانی فر محمود شور سید حسین نعمتیاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تاثیر کوکوپیت و پرلیت با سه نسبت (1:1 3:1 1:3 v/v ) در برخی از پارامترهای رویشی، گلدهی و بیوشیمیایی دو رقم گلادیول در شرایط بدون خاک در سال 2016 انجام شده است. داده ها حاکی از آن است که بیشتر پارامترهای رویشی عبارتند از: ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد برگ Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تاثیر کوکوپیت و پرلیت با سه نسبت (1:1 3:1 1:3 v/v ) در برخی از پارامترهای رویشی، گلدهی و بیوشیمیایی دو رقم گلادیول در شرایط بدون خاک در سال 2016 انجام شده است. داده ها حاکی از آن است که بیشتر پارامترهای رویشی عبارتند از: ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد برگ و سطح برگ، پارامتر گلدهی مانند ظهورشاخه، قطر شاخه، طول شاخه و تعداد گل گل در شاخه و پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی مانند کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، قندهای محلول و جذب مغذی ( N، P و K ٪ در برگ ها) به طور معنی داری در ارقام، محیط کشت های و اثر متقابل آن ها تحت تاثیر قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بین اثرات متقابل ارقام و محیط کشت های در ارتفاع گیاه و وزن خشک گل که در رقم strong ومحیط کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت با نسبت 1: 3 بالاتر از رقم white ومحیط کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت با نسبت 3:1 به دست می آید . تمام پارامترهای مورد بررسی نشان دهنده افزایش قابل توجهی در محیط کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت با نسبت 1: 3 در هر دو رقم بوده اند. Manuscript profile -
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84 - بررسی صفات مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار تحت تأثیر کودهای بیولوژیکی فسفر و روی
فرزاد جلالی داود نادریکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P1 Moreکاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک یکی از مهمترین اجزای مدیریت مواد مغذی است که نقش اساسی در کشاورزی پایدار و بهبود ویژگی­های کیفی گیاهان دارد. در این تحقیق، اثرات تیمارهای مختلفی از باکتری­های حل کننده فسفات از قبیل Pantoea agglomerans P5 و Pseudomonas putida P13 (تلقیح بذر، استفاده از کود زیستی 2، 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه و عدم تلقیح بذر به عنوان تیمار شاهد) و محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 (شاهد، 1، 2، و 3 گرم بر لیتر) بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه بهار ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و وزن تر گل در گیاهان تحت تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود بیولوژیک فسفر × 2 گرم بر لیتر سولفات روی و همچنین در گیاهان تحت تیمار با کود زیستی در 2 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین وزن خشک گل و درصد آنتوسیانین تحت تیمار کاربرد کود زیستی در 2 و 4 هفته بعد از سبز شدن گیاه × 1 و 2 گرم بر لیتر از ZnSO4 بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار فسفر در تیمار کود زیستی 4 و 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن × 2 و 1 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین مقدار عنصر روی تحت شرایط کاربرد کود زیستی در 6 هفته پس از سبز شدن گیاه × محلول­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4به­دست آمد. در مقابل، کمترین مقادیر در اکثر پارامترها تحت کاربرد سطوح مختلف کاربرد زیستی × عدم محلول­پاشی ZnSO4 و محلول­­پاشی 3 گرم بر لیتر ZnSO4 مشاهده شد. بنابراین محلول­پاشی برگی ZnSO4 و کاربرد خاکی کودهای حل کننده فسفات می­تواند بر صفات بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار موثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
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85 - اثر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کمپوست آزولا بر خصوصیات فیزیکی بستر کشت، رشد و تغذیه گیاه آهار (Zinnia elegans)
مریم مرعشی داود شفقتیان علی محبوب خمامیتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 Moreتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 و 50 درصد حجم جایگزین خاک شدند. این تحقیق بر اساس یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه عدد از هر گیاه با 54 گلدان انجام شد. خصوصیات شیمیایی بستر شامل هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، مقدار نیتروژن و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم اندازه­گیری شد. شاخص­های رشد گیاه شامل وزن تر و خشک برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل و مقدار کلروفیل برگ و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­های گیاه آهار اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان رشد در تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست آزولا و کمترین میزان رشد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. کمپوست آزولا باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­ها شد که این نشان­دهنده افزایش کیفیت تغذیه گیاه است. مقادیر بیشتر کمپوست (40 و 50 درصد) باعث کاهش شاخص­های رشد گیاه در مقایسه با تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست شد، اما در تیمارهای مشابه، رشد گیاه به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از شاهد بود. به­طورکلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که کمپوست آزولا می­تواند به­عنوان ماده آلی مناسبی در محیط کشت آهار مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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86 - تاثیر سایبان های توری رنگی بر تغذیه و رشد گیاه دیفن باخیا Dieffenbachia amoena رقم "استارلایت"
علی محبوب خمامی محمد نقی پاداشت مرضیه علی دوست طاهره رادفر رضا علی پوربرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به Moreبرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، آزمایشی برای بررسی تأثیر توری سایهدار در سایههای آبی، سفید و سبز (در سطح سایه 50 درصد) بر رشد گیاهان شاخ و برگ زینتی Dieffenbachia amoena انجام شد. طرح پایه آزمایش شامل بلوک های کامل تصادفی بود. در طول دوره رشد اقتصادی پنج ماهه در شرایط گلخانه، ارتفاع بوته، قطر و شاخص کلروفیل هر دو هفته یکبار اندازهگیری شد. در پایان رشد، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک ساقه، شاخص رشد گیاه و عناصر غذایی برگ اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که دیفنباخیا که در زیر شبکههای سایه آبی رشد میکند دارای ارتفاع، شاخص رشد، وزن خشک ریشه و آهن بالاتری نسبت به آنهایی است که در زیر شبکههای سایهدار سفید و سبز رشد میکنند. از آنجایی که اکثر گلخانه های ایرانی این گیاه زینتی را زیر توری های سایه سبز تولید می کنند و با توجه به اینکه این دو توری رنگی دارای قیمت های مشابهی هستند، توصیه می شود دیفن باخیا تحت شبکه های سایه آبی تولید شود. Manuscript profile -
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87 - بررسی رشد گل جعفری در روش های مختلف کوددهی با کودهای کامل با نسبتهای مختلف NPK
Mitradat Ahmadi Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Raheleh Ebrahimi تغذیه یک رکن اساسی در رشد و پرورش گیاهان است. شیوه کوددهی و حاصلخیز نمودن خاک و بسترهای کشت، نقش مهمی در تولید کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی و باغی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف تهیه چند فرمول کودی و چند روش کوددهی بر رشد گیاه محک (گل جعفری) طراحی و اجرا شد. چهار نوع فرمول کو More تغذیه یک رکن اساسی در رشد و پرورش گیاهان است. شیوه کوددهی و حاصلخیز نمودن خاک و بسترهای کشت، نقش مهمی در تولید کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی و باغی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف تهیه چند فرمول کودی و چند روش کوددهی بر رشد گیاه محک (گل جعفری) طراحی و اجرا شد. چهار نوع فرمول کودی با نسبت­های مختلف N، P و K و مقادیر ثابت ریزمغذی­ها به­عنوان کودهای مایع کامل در آزمایشگاه علوم خاک مجتمع آزمایشگاهی شیخ بهایی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران تهیه شدند. در یک طرح کاملا تصادفی، اثر 13 تیمار مختلف کودی به همراه یک تیمار شاهد شامل استفاده از کودهای مختلف در زمان­های مختلف رشد رویشی و زایشی و هر تیمار در چهار تکرار بر رشد گل جعفری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. شاخص­های رشد رویشی گیاه شامل ارتفاع نهایی گیاه، تعداد گل و شاخه­های جانبی، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، گل و اندام هوایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج کلی نشان داد که روش­های مختلف کوددهی و فرمول­های متفاوت کودی بر رشد گیاه، اثر مثبت در مقایسه با شاهد داشت. تغییرات رشد گیاه در مقایسه با شاهد و در روش­ها و فرمول­های کودی معنی­دار بود. بهترین اثر بر رشد گیاه در تیمار شماره 6 دیده شد و این تیمار برای رشد گل جعفری توصیه می­شود. در این تیمار، در هفته چهارم از کاشت نشاء از فرمول اول شامل نسبت پایه نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم، 15-10-15 و در هفته­های پنجم و ششم از فرمول دوم شامل نسبت پایه نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم، 15-20-30، استفاده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - واکنش گل صدفی (Gypsophila paniculata) تحت تاثیر آمیزه ها و مقادیر مختلف کودهای غیرآلی
انریکه ای بیناس جی آر نوآ دی مارویا الن ال تنداسینگگل صدفی در گلکاری ارزش خاصی دارد و برای صادرات به چندین کشور مدنظر است. برای حفظ عملکرد گل صدفی در سطح مطلوب می­ بایست مدیریت تغذیه مطلوبی با کاربرد منابع تغذیه ­ای مطلوب در راستای گلدهی گیاهان زینتی گلدار، انجام شود. بنابراین این مطالعه برای دستیابی به رشد، عمل Moreگل صدفی در گلکاری ارزش خاصی دارد و برای صادرات به چندین کشور مدنظر است. برای حفظ عملکرد گل صدفی در سطح مطلوب می­ بایست مدیریت تغذیه مطلوبی با کاربرد منابع تغذیه ­ای مطلوب در راستای گلدهی گیاهان زینتی گلدار، انجام شود. بنابراین این مطالعه برای دستیابی به رشد، عملکرد و بازگشت سرمایه در گل صدفی با استفاده از آمیزه­ ها و مقادیر کودهای غیرآلی انجام شد. مساحت 100/8 مترمربع به 5 بلوک 4×4 متر برای اجرای آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح RCBD آماده شد. تیمارها به قرار زیر بودند: فاکتور A (آمیزه ­های کودی) شامل: C0: بدون آمیزه کودی؛ C1: عصاره گیاهی تخمیر شده به نسبت 2 درصد حجمی؛ C2: عصاره تخمیر شده میوه به نسبت 2 درصد حجمی و C3: فسفات کلسیم به نسبت 5 درصد حجمی. فاکتور B (کود غیرآلی) شامل: F0: بدون کود؛ F1: 60-60-90 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار؛ F2: 30-30-45 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار؛ F3: 15-15-25 (N-P2O5-K2O) در هکتار. آمیزه و مقدار کودی 15-15-25 از نظر ارتفاع بوته 28 روز بعد از کاشت برتری معنی ­داری داشت. فسفات کلسیم به نسبت 5 % حجمی و 15-15-25 (T15) بهترین ترکیب تیماری برای افزایش ارتفاع گل صدفی 28 روز پس از کاشت بودند، البته همه کودها نسبت به شاهد از نظر تولید پاجوش، گل و گل­ های بازارپسند به مدت 3 ماه شبیه شاهد بودند. بنابراین می­ توان گفت از نظر بازگشت سرمایه، بیلان منفی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - بررسی امکان تعدیل اثرات تنش خشکی خاک با پتاسیم در سطوح مختلف کوددهی پتاسه (مطالعه موردی: گل آهار)
مریم مرعشی بهاره یاراحمدییکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی، عملکرد مناسب محصول در شرایط تنش های محیطی است. طبعا در کشور خشک ایران، کمبود رطوبت یکی از چالشهای اصلی کشاورزی است. تغذیه مناسب گیاه میتواند اثرات تنش خشکی را تعدیل نماید. برای بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد گیاه از آهار به Moreیکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت پایدار کشاورزی، عملکرد مناسب محصول در شرایط تنش های محیطی است. طبعا در کشور خشک ایران، کمبود رطوبت یکی از چالشهای اصلی کشاورزی است. تغذیه مناسب گیاه میتواند اثرات تنش خشکی را تعدیل نماید. برای بررسی اثرات تنش خشکی بر عملکرد گیاه از آهار به عنوان گیاه آزمایش استفاده شد. به همین منظور رشد گیاه آهار در پاسخ به تنش خشکی خاک در سطوح مختلف کوددهی پتاسه در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور بررسی شد. فاکتور اول: سه دوره آبیاری شامل 2 روز، 4 روز، یک هفته و فاکتور دوم: چهار سطح کودی پتاسیم شامل : 1- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه،2-مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک، 3- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک + 2 بار محلولپاشی برگی و 4- مصرف کود پتاسه بصورت پایه و سرک + 4 بار محلولپاشی برگی. بستر کشت درهر گلدان نسبت 2 به1 خاک و کود حیوانی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پس از اتمام دوره رشد، شاخصهای رویشی شامل وزن تر و خشک اندامهایهوایی، ارتفاعگیاه، تعدادشاخههای جانبی، تعدادگل، وزنگل و طول بلندترین شاخه اندازهگیری شد. بیشترین شاخصهای رشد: وزن تر و خشک اندامهوایی در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری دو روز به ترتیب برابر 2/36 و 0/33 گرم، ارتفاع گیاه در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری چهار روز برابر 43 سانتیمتر، تعداد شاخههای جانبی در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری یک برابر 8 و طول بلندترین شاخه در تیمار 4 و دور آبیاری دو روز برابر 9 سانتیمتر به دست آمد. شاخصهای رشد در تیمارهای کودی بهتر از شاهد بود و این نشان داد که پتاسیم در دسترس گیاه در طول دوره رشد مقاومت گیاه را افزایش داده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - عملکرد آنتوریوم (Anthurium andraeanum Lind) تحت تأثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی مختلف
انریکه ای بیناس جونیور گیلبرت وی لومنتاک امینا آ موکادمتولید آنتوریوم بخش مهمی از صنعت گلکاری و گل­ های شاخه بریده است. تلفیق منابع تغذیه آلی و معدنی، برای تولید آنتوریوم یکی از بهترین عملیات مدیریتی است. این مطالعه برای دستیابی به تاثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی به­ عنوان منابع تغذیه خارجی روی عملکرد آنتوریوم انجام شد. ای Moreتولید آنتوریوم بخش مهمی از صنعت گلکاری و گل­ های شاخه بریده است. تلفیق منابع تغذیه آلی و معدنی، برای تولید آنتوریوم یکی از بهترین عملیات مدیریتی است. این مطالعه برای دستیابی به تاثیر کودهای آلی و معدنی به­ عنوان منابع تغذیه خارجی روی عملکرد آنتوریوم انجام شد. این پژوهش با دو فاکتور در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی (RCBD) 3×3، طراحی شد. داده ­ها با ANOVA تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با کمک آزمون معنی­ داری تفاوت­ ها در توکی (HSD) انجام شد. فاکتورهای مختلف عبارت بودند از: M1: پوست نارگیل، M2: پوست نارگیل با کود مرغی و M3: پوست نارگیل با کود گاوی در فاکتور A؛ فاکتور B شامل F0: بدون کود معدنی، F1: 60-60-90 (NPK) و F2: 30-30-45 (NPK). نتایج نشان داد که کودهای مرغی و گاوی به­ عنوان بخشی از بستر کاشت، به شکل معنی ­داری رشد آنتوریوم را بدون در نظر گرفتن مقدار مصرف، بهبود می­ بخشند. درآمد خالص بعلاوه برگشت سرمایه در همه تیمارها، منفی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Investigating the Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Chrysanthemum (cv. Borna)
Mohammad Ali Khalaj Seyed Mohammad Banijamali Mohammad Reza Shafiei Elham Farahani Mostafa Javan Pegah Sayyad-AminChrysanthemum is one of the five main cut flowers in Iran. Knowledge about the optimal range of macro-nutrientsespecially nitrogen (N), for the best quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chrysanthemum is of great importance. Randomized complete blocks design i MoreChrysanthemum is one of the five main cut flowers in Iran. Knowledge about the optimal range of macro-nutrientsespecially nitrogen (N), for the best quantitative and qualitative characteristics of chrysanthemum is of great importance. Randomized complete blocks design in three replications was implemented in this research. Five levels of N included 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/ha (ammonium nitrate) has been applied to chrysanthemum "Borna" cultivar in Mahalat city of Iran. These traits were measured: Score of life after harvest, branch number, flower numbers, flower longevity, days to flowering, chlorophyll, dry weight, shoot fresh weight, crown diameter, stem diameter and flower diameter. The results showed that maximum crown diameter, flower longevity, chlorophyll index, fresh and dry weight of the plant were obtained at the level of 150 kg/ha, compared to the control. Also, the highest total absorption of macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK)), and micro-nutrients (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) was observed at the level of 150 kg/ha fertilization. According to the results, N application in the level 150 kg/ha can be recommended to have best growth condition for the "Borna" cultivar of chrysanthemum in Mahalat city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Effect of Iron and Magnesium Nanoparticles and Planting Date on Yield and Nitrate Content in Potato Tubers
Amir Khodadadi Karkoki Mohammadreza Yavarzadeh Mohammadmehdi Akbariyan Aliakbar Askari The use of nanofertilizers and planting date might improve potato performance. In order to study nitrate accumulation and yield changes of potato tubers using different concentrations of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) nano-particles in cultivation date of "Sante" cu More The use of nanofertilizers and planting date might improve potato performance. In order to study nitrate accumulation and yield changes of potato tubers using different concentrations of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) nano-particles in cultivation date of "Sante" cultivar, a split-split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications were carried out in Research Farms of Jihad Keshavarzi located in Islamabad and Zeh-e Kalut region of Kerman province. Area as main factor and sub-factor including spraying of Fe and Mg nanoparticles (0, 1 and 2%) at flowering and tuber filling stages and sub-sub plot include two planting dates (5 and 25 October) were investigated.Results showed that mean tuber weight was significantly affected by different treatments of nano-particle spraying (p < 0.05).Effect of experimental treatments (area and date of planting) and their two and three effects was non-significant on tuber weight (p>0.05), but on yield were significant (p < 0.01). The highest yield was related to 2% spraying of Fe+Mg nano-particles on 5 October in Zeh-e Kalut area. Also, the highest tuber nitrate was obtained in control (spraying with distilled water) treatment. 1% Fe nano-particles and 1% Fe nanoparticle+2% Mg nanoparticle was divided into a single statistical group and showed significant difference with other treatments (p < 0.05).For all measured traits, it seems that the use of low consumption and essential elements through preservation of leaf greenness, improvement of photosynthetic system and increasing leaf durability led to increase length of tuber filling and tuber conversion and decrease in tuber nitrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Study of correlation between some agronomic traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in different treatments of phosphorus biological and chemical fertilizers
Mona Yousefipor Shahram Lack* Khoshnaz PayandehApplication of bio-fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture perform important role at increasing of crop pro-duction and improving soil fertility. In order to investigate combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on morpho-ph MoreApplication of bio-fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture perform important role at increasing of crop pro-duction and improving soil fertility. In order to investigate combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on morpho-physiologic characteristics of barley, present research was conducted via split plot experiment according randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Ramhormoz during 2016-17. The main treatments consisted of phosphorus fertilizers and bio-fertilizers in four levels (Non use phosphorus fertilizer or control, bio-fertilizer “Barvar2”, bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and 200 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer) and spray micro-nutrient (included micronutrients of zinc, iron and manganese) at three levels (no spray micro-nutrient or control, spray micro-nutrient at 0.002 and 0.004 concentration) belonged to sub plots. Results of analysis of variance indicated effect of combine application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers and micronutrients on measured traits was significant. Mean comparison result of phosphorus fertilizers showed that bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer had maximum peduncle length (9.46 cm), awn length (11.95 cm), leaf area index (4.5), chlorophyll index (40.26) and days to rippening (185 day) also spray micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentration achieved maximum rate of mentioned traits. According mean comparison results of interactions of treatments the highest seed yield (400.1 g.m-2) and main spike weight (2.89 gr) belonged to bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and spray micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentration. Generally to achieved optimum yield use bio-fertilizer “Barvar2” with 150 kg.ha-1 superphosphate fertilizer and foliar application micro-nutrient at 0.004 concentrations for Ramhormoz weather conditions can be advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Evaluation different methods of Salicylic Acid and Pumice Application on Modifying of Salinity Effects and Some Physiological Properties of cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
Nasim Basirpour Elnaz Sabbagh Tazeh Considering the salinity problem and limited water resources in Iran, joint application of salinity moderators and super absorbents, can be an effective approach to improve the growth indexes of plants, grown in saline soils. For investigating the eff More Considering the salinity problem and limited water resources in Iran, joint application of salinity moderators and super absorbents, can be an effective approach to improve the growth indexes of plants, grown in saline soils. For investigating the effects of salicylic acid and pumice on yield and nutrients content in Cress (Lepidium sativum) in a saline soil, a field experiment was conducted in a factorial form on completely randomized design with nine treatments and three replications. The factors were 1) salicylic acid (s) including three rates, consists of a) no amendment (control), b) soaking seeds in salicylic acid 0.1 mM for 24 h and c) spraying plants by salicylic acid 0.7 mM in three stages and 2) pumice (p) including three rates, consists of a) 0 (p0), b)15 T/ha (p1) and c) 30 T/ha (p2). Results showed that seeds soaking in salicylic acid 0.1 mM could moderate the negative effects of salinity in Cress. But there was not a significant difference between spraying plants by salicylic acid 0.7 mM and control, in most growth indexes. Increasing pumice rate, increased Dw and P, Ca, Mg and K content and reduced Na content, prolin, H2O2 and ascorbat peroxidase in Cress. Totally P2S1 treatment or application of 30 T/ha pumice and soaking seeds in salicylic acid 0.1 mM, produced the most Dw and nutrients content and the leastsalinity stress indexes in Cress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Implication of Micronutrients in Agriculture and Health with Special Reference to Iron and Zinc
M. Govindaraj P. Kannan P. ArunachalamThe green revolution fulfilled the food demand of crowded millions. From the time of green revolution to till date high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties have evolved to increase the production per unit area. To improve the productivity only major nutrients a MoreThe green revolution fulfilled the food demand of crowded millions. From the time of green revolution to till date high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties have evolved to increase the production per unit area. To improve the productivity only major nutrients are concentrated almost in all crops. Though the importance of micronutrient realized during past decades in most of the crops but it is not effectively materialized in general crop cultivation practices. The micronutrient deficiencies in soil are not only hamper crop productivity but also deteriorating the produce quality. World health organization (WHO) has estimated that over 3 billion people in the globe suffer from the micronutrient malnutrition and about 2 billion people of these have iron deficiency. Iron is one of the 16 essential elements needed for plant growth. Iron is used for the synthesis of chlorophyll and is essential for the function of chloroplasts. Zinc is involved in membrane integrity, enzyme activation, and gene expression. Rice, sorghum and corn are Zn sensitive and sorghum, sugarcane, groundnut, soyabean, beans, grapes, vegetables and citrus are highly Fe sensitive crops. To overcome these problems foliar spray is being recommended but it is not crop specific or soil specific recommendation. Keeping these problems in the view, recently development of micronutrient efficient genotypes, creating awareness of micronutrient dose, crop specific micronutrient uptake and accumulation are vital to improve productivity and to address human health problems. In this paper we discussed the importance of iron and zinc in agriculture and their role in crop plants and ways to improve the crop productivity as well as human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Survey of physicochemical properties and nutrients in surface waters of the southern Caspian Sea- Seasangan
A. Hamzehpour K. Darvish Bastami H. Bagheri A. Azimi A. Einali R. RahnamaThis study was conducted in the southern Caspian Sea region – Seasangan, to study physicochemical properties of surface waters (salinity, chemical productivity, alkalinity, pH, total suspended solid and dissolved oxygen). In this study, nutrients (phosphate, total MoreThis study was conducted in the southern Caspian Sea region – Seasangan, to study physicochemical properties of surface waters (salinity, chemical productivity, alkalinity, pH, total suspended solid and dissolved oxygen). In this study, nutrients (phosphate, total phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite and silicate) in surface waters was also investigated. Sampling was done in 12 stations in four vertical transects on autumn 2012. The results indicated Salinity range of 11.16- 11.30 g/kg, chemical productivity of 17.75- 18.27 mS/cm, dissolved oxygen of 8.25- 8.42 mg/lit, alkalinity of 187.5- 200 mg/lit as CaCO3, total suspended solid of 8- 12 mg/lit and pH range of 8.25- 8.42, respectivly. The concentrations of phosphate ranging from nd to 0.01 mg/lit, nitrite ( non detectable), total phosphours of 0.001 to 0.005 mg/lit, silicate of 0.064 to 0.221 mg/lit and nitrate of 0.011 to 0.071 mg/lit. There were not significant differences in nutrient levels, alkalinity and total suspended solid in transects (P> 0.05). The results showed that the nutrient levels in the Seasangan surface waters were lower compared to other regions in the southwest and southeast regions of the Caspian Sea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The effects of drought stress and foliar application micronutrients on growth yield and nutritional elements of black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. )
علی اکبر عاملیIn order to survey the effects of irrigation and foliar application of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and yield components black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. ), an experimental design was conducted in the research farm of North Khorasan agricultural and natural MoreIn order to survey the effects of irrigation and foliar application of micronutrients on vegetative growth, yield and yield components black cumin ( Nigella sativa L. ), an experimental design was conducted in the research farm of North Khorasan agricultural and natural resources research center in Bojnourd in 2009. Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factors were irrigation intervals in three levels ( I1=7, I2= 14, I3=21 days ) and subfactors were foliar application micronutrients included M1 = control ( no foliar application ), M2= foliar application with the zinc ( concentration of three parts per thousand ), M3 = foliar application with the Boron ( concentration of two parts per thousand ), M4 = foliar application with the iron ( concentration of four parts per thousand ), and M5 foliar application with the mixture of above elements. Experiment results showed that the impact of irrigation intervals on plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield and seed number per plant , seeds per capsule, seed weight, harvest index percentage, and seed yield, was significant and decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. The effects of foliar application of micronutrients on plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield, and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant organs was significant. Foliar application of micronutrients caused plant height, branch number, number of capsules per plant, biological yield and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant to be increased. Foliar application of micronutrient and irrigation interaction on plant height and biological yield were noticeable. Seven days irrigation intervals and foliar application, the mixture of micronutrient treatment caused the highest plant height, biological yield and Fe, Zn, and Br concentration in plant organs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Effect of Halophyte Patches on Some Soil Properties of a Saline Rangeland Around Urmia Lake, Iran
Javad Motamedi Arezu Alizadeh Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj -
Open Access Article
99 - Forage Yield and Quality of Desmodium dichotomum Accessions in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Hunegnaw Kassaw Tewodros Belay Yohannes Gebre -
Open Access Article
100 - Seasonal Changes of Nutritive Values and Digestibility of Range Forage of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Gholamreza Shadnoush Mohammad Hassan Jouri Diana Askarizadeh Vahid Rahimi Kakroodi -
Open Access Article
101 - Effects of Super-Absorbent Polymers (SAPs) Plus Manure Treatments on Vegetation Cover and Soil Nutrients of Festuca ovina under Drought Stress
Mahshid Souri Javad Motamedi -
Open Access Article
102 - Comparison of Ecological Patches' Potentials and Functions in Rangeland Ecosystems (Case Study: Qahavand Rangelands, Hamedan Province, Iran)
Reza Kavandi Habib Gholamali Heshmati Hamid Siroosi -
Open Access Article
103 - Investigation of the Effect of Biological Stabilization Practice on Some Soil Parameters (North East of Iran)
Somayeh Naseri Mohammad Ali Adibi Seyed Akbar Javadi Mohammad Jafari Mohammad Zadbar -
Open Access Article
104 - EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE RED CELL ON NUTRITIONAL TRANSPORT IN CAPILLARY-TISSUE EXCHANGE SYSTEM
Nirmala P Ratchagar Vijaya Kumar -
Open Access Article
105 - Effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of nutrient elements in Bakraee and Sour orange seedlings
Y. Karami Mohammad Mehdi Faghihi Y. Hosseini R. Rezazadeh A. ShahryariThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of some mineral nutrients in seedlings of Bakraee and sour orange. The experiment involved a factorial combination of two species Bakraee (natural hybrid o MoreThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of some mineral nutrients in seedlings of Bakraee and sour orange. The experiment involved a factorial combination of two species Bakraee (natural hybrid of citrus) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and three culture media (non-sterile soil without fungi, sterile soil without fungi, and sterile soil with mycorrhizal fungi) in a completely randomized design. Seeds of Bakraee and sour orange were sown in pots containing different culture media. The studied attributes were concentration of phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in shoots. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in concentration of these nutrient elements in shoot of mycorrhizal treated sour oranges compared to non-mycorrhizal ones. The concentration of nutrient elements was more in shoot of Bakraee inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus, and significant difference (P<0.05) was observed (except for iron) compared to non-inoculated sterile soil. In conclusion, the results showed that G. intraradices increased the concentration of phosphorous, iron, zinc, manganese and copper in shoots of Bakraee and sour orange seedlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Effects of Vermicompost and Urea Fertilizers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) Organs
A. Sadeghi K. Hajmohammadnia S.M. SeiediIn order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and urea chemical fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) organs, a field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ira MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vermicompost and urea chemical fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in marshmallow (Altheae officinalis L.) organs, a field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in years of 2012. Experiment was conducted using a completely randomized block design based on factorial arrangement with three replications. Experimental treatments were three levels of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t. ha-1) and five levels of urea fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of 200 kg N ha-1). Irrespective of urea fertilizer, vermicompost application had an effective role on increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow. By applying 10 t vermicompost ha-1, phosphorus percentage in seed of marshmallow was increased by 29.5 %, as compared to control treatment. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow (g. m-2) were significantly increased by vermicompost application. From the results, urea fertilizer caused a significant increase on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in seed, leaf and root of marshmallow. According to the results, there was a positive relationship between nitrogen uptake with phosphorus and potassium uptake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Effect of micro-elements of Fe, Zn and Mn on some characteristics of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Azizollah kheiry محمد ویسی Mohsen SanikhaniIn order to evaluate the effect of micronutrients of iron, zinc and manganese on characteristics of borage, an experiment conducted in the base of randomized complete block design with three replications at University of Zanjan in 2015. Treatments were levels of 0 (cont MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of micronutrients of iron, zinc and manganese on characteristics of borage, an experiment conducted in the base of randomized complete block design with three replications at University of Zanjan in 2015. Treatments were levels of 0 (control), 3 and 6 per thousand of micronutrients of Fe, Zn and Mn with total of 15 treatments. Foliar micronutrients applied in both stem elongation and flowering stages. Results showed that Highest 1000-seed weight and Seed yield obtained in combination of 3 g/lit iron and zinc (Fe1+Zn1) treatment and the highest number of inflorescences were in treatment of zinc and manganese at 3 g/lit (Zn1+Mn1). Foliar application of iron, zinc and manganese (Fe1+Zn1+Mn1) 3 g/lit, showed the greatest effects on the content of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. Combination of iron and manganese at 6 g/lit (Fe2+Mn2) had the greatest impact on seed oil content and foliar application of iron plus manganese 3 g/lit (Fe1+Mn1) had the greatest impact on the level of Peroxidase. In conclusion, the results showed that the application of micronutrients of iron, zinc and manganese had significant effects on indices such as: Seed yield, Oil percentage, 1000-seed weight, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The effects of density and application of iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
abdolreza borji abad M. گلوی M. RamrodiIn order to evaluate the effect of density, soil and foliar application iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), an experiment was performed in split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replications in Zabol University. MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of density, soil and foliar application iron and zinc on yield and quality of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), an experiment was performed in split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replications in Zabol University. Density was at three levels 2, 4 and 6 plants per square meter, as the main cause of micronutrient intake in five levels, sprayed with chelated iron 6% rate 4 per thousand, sprayed with chelated zinc rate 2 per thousand, soil application of chelated iron 6% to 50 kg, and soil application of chelated zinc15% to 50 kg per hectare, was performed. The spraying with water was considered as a secondary factor. The results showed that most quantitative traits including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number seeds per plant, weight and dried sepals and biological yield of boll were affected by density. The most wet and dry weight of sepals were obtained in density six plant density,. Sepals much dry so that the density of 6 plants per square meter than 2 density was 200% increased. Effect of soil and foliar application of micronutrients showed significant increase in the number of bolls, biological yield, weight of 1000 seeds, number of branches, number of seeds per plant, wet and dry weight sepals, and amount of anthocyanin and protein sepals. Based on the results of this study, to achieve maximum performance of dry sepals, six plants with foliar application of zinc can be recommended as a suitable treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Effect of various fertilizer sources on growth and hay yield of alfalfa
محمدرضا نادریOptimum plant nutrition has an important role in improving its growth and yield and increasing the inputs use efficiency. The current study was performed with the aim of evaluating the effect of various fertilizer sources, including biofertilizer containing the Rhizobiu MoreOptimum plant nutrition has an important role in improving its growth and yield and increasing the inputs use efficiency. The current study was performed with the aim of evaluating the effect of various fertilizer sources, including biofertilizer containing the Rhizobium meliloti, sea weed extract, fertilizer containing micronutrients and urea on growth and yield of alfalfa during 2015 at Varamin complex of agriculture and animal husbandry as factorial experiment in the form of complete randomized design with three replications. Results showed that foliar application of urea and soil application of biofertilizer did not have a significant effect on growth and yield of alfalfa. Whereas, foliar application of sea weed extract and multimill fertilizer (containing micronutrients) resulted in increasing the hay yield of alfalfa by 12.7 and 24.7%, respectively. Furthermore, foliar application of micronutrient had a greater effect on hay yield of alfalfa than the sea weed extract, as the yield increment resulted from foliar application of micronutrient was 12 percent more than that obtained from foliar application of sea weed extract. Therefore, results of this study showed that foliar application of sea weed extract and fertilizer containing micronutrients can increase the yield and inputs use efficiency of alfalfa through improving its growth parameters and production of higher dry matter per unit of inputs used by plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Investigation the Effect of Different Fertilizing Levels from Various Sources on Yield, and Grain Quality of Sweet Corn
Mohammad Javad Fereidooni Eisa Maghsoudi Ali Mojabghasroldashti Yaaghoub BehzadiIn order to investigation the effects of different fertilizing levels on qualitative and quantitative yield of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 at Marvdasht, Fars province, Iran. Experimental tre MoreIn order to investigation the effects of different fertilizing levels on qualitative and quantitative yield of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 at Marvdasht, Fars province, Iran. Experimental treatments were including different fertilizer sources 1) 200 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen, 2) 300 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen, 3) 8 ton ha-1 poultry manure, 4) 24 ton ha-1 solid waste compost, 5) 150 kg pure nitrogen + 2 ton poultry manure per, 6) 100 kg pure nitrogen + 4 ton poultry manure, 7) 150 kg pure nitrogen + 6 ton solid waste compost, 8) 100 kg pure nitrogen + 12 ton solid waste compost and 9) control (non-fertilizer). The results indicated that the effects of different fertilizing levels were significant on grain canned yield, fresh forage, biological, plant height, length and diameter ear as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of grain. The heights grain canned yield (931 grm-2), fresh forage (2376 grm-2) and biological (4554 grm-2) was obtained from 100 kg pure nitrogen + 4 ton poultry manure treatment. Also maximum nitrogen content (2.27 percent) and phosphorus (0.42 percent) was observed at 300 kg ha-1 pure nitrogen and 8 ton ha-1 poultry manure treatment, respectively. The use of organic fertilizer as integrated with chemical fertilizer can be suitable method for decreasing application of chemical fertilizer to increasing the quantity yield and improvement the quality of sweet corn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Effects of Biological Fertilizer Spray and Planting Date on Yield and Yield Components of cowpea Vigna unguiculata In Bastam Shahrood
A. Nahardani جعفر Masoud Sinaki H. Abaspour saeid gharib boloukA field experiment laid out in the factorial spli-plot arrangement using the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted to study the effects of date of planting, time of spraying fertilizer (multi-micronutrient EDT chelate), and cultivars on MoreA field experiment laid out in the factorial spli-plot arrangement using the randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted to study the effects of date of planting, time of spraying fertilizer (multi-micronutrient EDT chelate), and cultivars on yield and yield components of cowpea. The treatments included three levels of planting date (6 May, 16 May, and 26 May) as the major factor , three fertilizer spray levels (60, 70, and 80 days after planting) and two cultivars ( Bastami and Ghadim) as the minor factors. Results of the table of ANOVA indicated the traits of number of pods per plant and seed yield were influenced by the treatments of planting date, cultivar, and sprays at the 1% probability level. The Bastami cultivar yielded more pods per plant and higher seed yield compared to the Ghadim cultivar. Fertilizer spray on the 80th day after planting had the maximum effect on seed yield (3.17 t / ha). Under the individual effect of planting date, the largest number of pods per plant and the maximum 1000-seed weight were observed in the treatment of planting on 6 May. The mutual effects of planting date and fertilizer spray on the number of pods per plant were significant at the 1% probability level, and the combination treatment of 6 May planting date fertilizer spray on the 80th day after planting had the largest number of pods per plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The effect of different phosphorous fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under with and without pigweed (Amaranths retroflexus)
سیروس منصوری فر مسعود کرکه آبادی A. FallahIn this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed int MoreIn this research grain yield and yield components of corn were examined under competition with pigweed on P in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments included planting methods: pure corn, corn /pigweed intercropping and pure pigweed; and P amount in five levels: 0 (as control), 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1 as triple superphosphate resource. The results showed that P fertilization as 320 kg ha-1 increased grain number in ear (41.6%), thousand grain weight (19.2%), grain yield (33.4%) and biological yield (31.8%) of corn, as well as, plant height (27.0%) and dry weight (34.3%) of pigweed in pure culture. However, thousand grain weight of corn in the last P level (320 kg ha-1) and plant height and dry weight of pigweed in last two levels of P (240 and 320 kg ha-1) in intercropping were reduced. Intercropping of pigweed had negative effect on yield and yield components of corn, especially in lower P levels; while there is no significant effect in highest P level. This means that P had positive effect on competitiveness of corn against pigweed. Overall, for achieving to greater competition ability of corn against weeds such as pigweed and lower cost, 240 kg ha-1 P fertilizer can be recommended for future investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Effect of foliar application nano iron chelate on Yield and growth traits of chickpea cultivars.
Younes mir Mashaalah daneshvar Farhad Nazarian Hamed KhosraviTo evaluate the effect of iron foliar feeding of micronutrient on yield and yield components of chickpea, a factorial experiment with two factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted (crop season, 2012-2013). Factors were Azad, Has MoreTo evaluate the effect of iron foliar feeding of micronutrient on yield and yield components of chickpea, a factorial experiment with two factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted (crop season, 2012-2013). Factors were Azad, Hashem, ILC482 line as cultivar and iron chelated fertilizer foliar application(one, two and three part per thousand). The results of the study showed that the effect of iron fertilizer × cultivar on Plant height, pod length, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield was significantly(p≤.05) and the characteristics of unfilled pods, seed weight and biological yield of peas had no significantly(p≤.05). The highest number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant and biological yield was obtained from combination ILC482 line in three per thousands foliar fertilizer iron nano chelate. ILC482 line Produced The highest grain yield (1296 and 1238 kg/ he-1) was obtained when both 2 and 3 part per thousand iron micronutrient was used, the interaction of. Due to lower production costs and environmental considerations, it is recomneded to apply two part per thousands of iron nano chelated foliar fertilizer (manufactured by issuing Ahrar East) ILC482 line to achieve reasonable yield for rainfed conditions in the region and other region with similar climates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Effect of foliar application time of complete fertilizer micronutrients on yield and yield components of mungbean(Vigna radiata L.) under drought stress
mahmood tohidiAbstract To study the effect of time of application of complete micro(micro-nutrient) fertilizer on mungbean with yield and yield components, an experiment was counducted under drought stress in north Khuzestan(Dezful)as split plots arranged an Randomized Complete Bloc MoreAbstract To study the effect of time of application of complete micro(micro-nutrient) fertilizer on mungbean with yield and yield components, an experiment was counducted under drought stress in north Khuzestan(Dezful)as split plots arranged an Randomized Complete Block Designs(RCBD) with three replicates in 2012. Experimental factors were drough stress in three leves(120, 180 and 240 mm evaporation) as the main-plot factors, and foliar time in four levels(non-foliar, foliar in vegetative phase, foliar in flowering phase, foliar in poding phase)as sub-plot. Results showed that the grain yield, yield components such as number of pods per unit of area, number grain per pod, grain thousand weight and biological yield and harvest index under drought stress treatments, foliar application time and were their interaction. Micro-nutrient foliar increased grain yield in all treatment under drough stress, so that the highest grain yield was for the stress 120mm evaporation and foliar in vegetative amount 2304 kg/ha and lowest grain yield the stress 240mm evaporation and non-foliar amount 521 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Effect of Superabsorbent Combination and Vermicompost on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea under Dry Land Farming Conditions
Mahnaz Farhadi payam pezeshkpourIn order to study the effects of superabsorbent polymer and vermicompost on yield and yield components of chickpea, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications on 2014-2015 cropping year in Alashtar town, MoreIn order to study the effects of superabsorbent polymer and vermicompost on yield and yield components of chickpea, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design with three replications on 2014-2015 cropping year in Alashtar town, Lorestan, Iran. First factor was superabsorbent polymer at four levels (including control, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) and second factor was vermicompost at three levels (including control, 7.5 and 15 ton/ha). According to results, mean comparison showed that highest grain yield (943.6 kg/ha) was associated to third level of superabsorbent (200 kg/ha) and non-application of vermicompost indicating increase compared to control. Based on results, highest grain yield (831.4 kg/ha) was related to third level of superabsorbent representing 20.4 percent increase compared to control. Also, highest grain yield (798.4 kg/ha) observed in 15 ton/ha vermicompost representing 12.3 percent increase compared to control. Application of vermicompost and superabsorbent in wheat at dry farming conditions, caused prominent improvement in growth and growth indices. This positive impact could be attributed to stimulating activity of soil beneficial microbes through vermicompost and its ability to improving macro- and micro-nutrients uptake as well as ability to absorbing and holding water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Effects of of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield component of fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.)
abbas valibeigi zohrab adaviOne of the fundamental principle in sustainable agriculture is use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems in order to eliminate or reduce the use of chemical inputs. In order to evaluate the effect of application of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting rhizobacteria MoreOne of the fundamental principle in sustainable agriculture is use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems in order to eliminate or reduce the use of chemical inputs. In order to evaluate the effect of application of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting rhizobacteria on fennel on yield and yield component, a factorial experiment conducted on the basis of completely randomized block design with three replicates at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam in the spring of 2015. Experimental treatments were seed inoculation with biofertilizer (Azospirillum/Azotobacter) at two levels (seed inoculation and non inoculation) and nitrogen chemical fertilizer at four levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha-1). With increasing N consumption from 0 to 120 kg/ha-1 of the recommended, significantly increased plant height, number of branches per plant, umbels per plant, number of seed per umbel, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and seed yield up to 15.4, 14.7, 13.8, 11.6, 12.9, 18.3 and 16.5 percent, respectively. Also, in comparison with non-inoculation treatment, inoculation treatment increased number of branches per plant, umbels per plant and 1000- seed weight up to 16.2, 15.5 and 11.5 percent, respectively. Mean comparisons for interaction of N fertilizer × biofertilizer indicated that the treatment of seed inoculation with consumption of 40 kg/ha-1 recommended N, produced the highest seed yield. On the other hand, this treatment in addition to produce satisfactory yield, considerably decreased nitrogen fertilizer consumption which could be a step toward healthy production and sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Study of Zinc Chelate Foliar Application on Yield, Yield Components and Harvest Index Some from of Bread Wheat Cultivars in Esfahan Weather Conditions.
Marjan Nekoukhou ahmad majidimehrZinc (Zn) is an essential mineral nutrient for plant and human growth, and a dietary Zn deficiency is a worldwide nutritional problem. In other to Study effect of zinc chelate foliar application on yield, yield components, and Harvest Index 4 bread wheat cultivars in Es MoreZinc (Zn) is an essential mineral nutrient for plant and human growth, and a dietary Zn deficiency is a worldwide nutritional problem. In other to Study effect of zinc chelate foliar application on yield, yield components, and Harvest Index 4 bread wheat cultivars in Esfahan weather conditions. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the crop year 2017-2018 In the central part of city Isfahan. The main factor consisted of zinc chelate foliar application in two levels (Non- foliar application and foliar application with concentration 5 in thousand) and subfactor was Consist of four cultivar bread of wheat (Sirwan, Sivand, Baharan, and Back-Cross). The results of the experiment showed that there was a significant difference between two levels of foliar application and four types of wheat varieties for plant height, Numbers of fertile tillers, number of spikes, grain yield and biological yield. Also, the interaction of foliar application in cultivars has a significant difference in yield and yield components.Maximum amount 1000 grain weight, number of spike and number of seeds per spike belonged to F2V4 treatment. The maximum grain yield (6765.00 Kg/ha) and biological yield (1866.00 Kg/ha) belonged to F2V4 treatment and the lowest was 3933.00 and 6096 Kg/ha, respectively, belonged to F1V1 treatment. In general, to look at the role of zinc element in the physiology of plants, especially crop wheat, as a zinc-deficient herb, it can be increased by the application of zinc-containing compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Comparison of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tall rice cultivars under different planting systems
Morteza Siavoshi Salman DastanIn order to compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tall rice cultivars under different planting systems, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the farmer's field located in Ne MoreIn order to compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two tall rice cultivars under different planting systems, an experiment was conducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the farmer's field located in Neka during 2021-2022. The rice cultivars at two levels (Tarom Hashemi and Sange-Tarom) as the main plot and the planting systems at three levels (traditional planting, improved planting and system of rice intensification (SRI)) as the sub-factor were considered. The results showed that the Tarom Hashemi cultivar (3371 kg.ha-1) and Sange-Tarom (3448 kg.ha-1) were in the same statistical group in terms of grain yield, but the nitrogen concentration in rice grains for Tarom Hashemi (1.49%) was significantly higher than Sange-Tarom (1.39%). The plants cultivated in the SRI produced the highest grain yield with an average of 3736 kg.ha-1, which showed an increase in yield by 14.9% and 11.3%, respectively, compared with the traditional and improved planting systems. The use of SRI management led to the production of the highest concentration of nitrogen in the grain (1.63%) and the application of the improved planting system resulted in the accumulation of the highest concentration of phosphorus (0.15%) and potassium (0.47%) in the rice grain. Therefore, according to the results of the present research, the use of SRI management system increases the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and sustainable production of rice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of iron and zinc spraying and harvesting times on germination and some biochemical characteristics of soybean cultivar Williams 82
Armin Poursafar Mohammad Sedghi Raouf Seyed Sharifi Mohammad HasanzadehIn order to study the changes of seed germination of soybean (Glycine max) and some biochemical characteristics, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil Province (Magha MoreIn order to study the changes of seed germination of soybean (Glycine max) and some biochemical characteristics, a factorial experiment as randomized complete block design was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil Province (Maghan) in 2020-2021. Treatments included 2 spraying factors as iron and zinc sulfates besides three harvesting times: green pod, physiological maturity and dry mature pod. According to the results, interactions of spraying and harvesting time were significant on grain yield and protein percentage, and the highest amounts of both traits were obtained by applying zinc sulfate at dry mature pod. Seed oil content was affected by both treatments so that, the highest amount was obtained at the green pod at rate of 21.4% and zinc sulfate had the greatest effect on grain oil percentage at rate of 20.3%. Furthermore, interaction of spraying and harvesting time was significant on seed Fe and Zn contents and results showed that the highest amount of seed Fe (121.6 mg/kg) was achieved by iron sulfate and that of seed Zn (91.1 mg/kg) by zinc sulfate, both at the physiological maturity. Seed germination was also affected by interaction of spraying and harvesting time and the highest rate (96.6%) was observed at dry mature pod by applying zinc sulfate. In general, Zn consumption increased germination percentage, grain rate, seed oil percentage and grain yield, and iron consumption improved grain protein. The physiological maturity and dry mature pod harvestings improved the values of measured traits except the seed oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Response of yield and seed quality of two rapeseed cultivars to Zn and Fe elements application under water deficit condition
Hamid Reza Zakerin Amirhossein Shiranirad saeed sayfzadeh Seyed Alireza ValadabadiThis experiment was carried out as split plot factorial based on complete block design with three replications during 2018-2019 cropping season in two regions including Qazvin and Karaj, Iran. Irrigation regimes including three levels of full irrigation, irrigation inte MoreThis experiment was carried out as split plot factorial based on complete block design with three replications during 2018-2019 cropping season in two regions including Qazvin and Karaj, Iran. Irrigation regimes including three levels of full irrigation, irrigation interruption from flowering stage and irrigation interruption from silique stage and four levels of micronutrients including zero (control), foliar application of Zn, Fe and Zn + Fe as factorial in main plot and two cultivars of rapeseed namely Sarygol and RGS300 in sub plot comprised experimental treatments. The greatest number of secondary branch per plant (7.72), number of silique per secondary branch (125.80), 1000-seed weight (5.46 g), biological yield (23760 kg/ha), seed yield (5668 kh/ha) and oil yield (5668 kg/ha) obtained in RGS300 cultivar under full irrigation and foliar application of Zn + Fe conditions that showed no significant difference with Sarigol cultivar under similar condition. In this experiment, irrigation interruption from flowering stage showed the greatest loss of seed yield in rapeseed and under water deficiency from flowering stage, foliar spraying of Zn + Fe enhanced seed and oil yield of RGS300 and Sarigol cultivars equal 107 and 153 percent in comparison with control, respectively.Integrated application of Zn + Fe as foliar application increased seed yield through improving of vegetative and reproductive growth of rapeseed plants in different irrigation regimes. Hence, combined foliar application of Zn + Fe micronutrients both with four per thousand concentrations could be recommended to enhance quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed under similar climatic condition Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effects of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea
M. Armin M. BidiTo investigate the effects of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was conducted during the 2011-2012 in Sabzevar, Iran. Treatments were supplemental irrigation time (dry far MoreTo investigate the effects of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of zinc on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an experiment was conducted during the 2011-2012 in Sabzevar, Iran. Treatments were supplemental irrigation time (dry farming without irrigation, irrigation at flowering, irrigation at pod formation, irrigation at both flowering and pod formation) as main plot and time of Zinc foliar application with 2% concentration (control, foliar application at vegetative, foliar application at flowering and foliar application at both vegetative and flowering) as sub plot in a split block experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that supplemental irrigation at both flowering and poding had significantly higher grain yield (49.57 g m-2), biological yield (65.04 g m-2 ), pod number in plant (24.84) and height (27 cm) compared to other irrigation regimes, whereas thousand grain weight had not response to supplemental irrigation. Yield and yield components had different responses to zinc foliar application. Although Zinc foliar application at both vegetative and flowering stages had the highest economic yield (47.44 g m-2), biological yield (65.59 g m-2), and seed per plant (26.65), Zinc foliar application at flowering stage increased 1000 grain weight (173.7 g). Overall, supplemental irrigation at both flowering and poding with zinc foliar application at both vegetative and flowering stages was a suitable treatment to achieve maximum yield in Sabzevar conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The effect of calcium concentration in nutrient solution on growth and postharvest of lilium in hydroponic cultivation
R. Ranjbar Shiekhani A. Mohammadi Torkashvand A. Mahboub KhomamiThe production of many cut flowers such as Lilium is common in Iran. The flower quality is especially important in Lilium flower production processes which one of the most important factors is appropriate nutrition. For this purpose, a completely randomized design exper MoreThe production of many cut flowers such as Lilium is common in Iran. The flower quality is especially important in Lilium flower production processes which one of the most important factors is appropriate nutrition. For this purpose, a completely randomized design experiment with calcium concentrations including 0, 3 and 6 mM in Hogland solution on growth indices, calcium uptake and postharvest of Lilium with six replications was conducted. The seed bed contained 30% v/v perlite and 70% v/v sand. After three months, stem height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot, bud number, reproductive height, flower diameter, postharvest and calcium uptake were measured. The results showed that the concentration of 6 mM Ca had the most effect on vegetative height (71.3 cm), reproductive height (23.5 cm), fresh and dry weight of shoot (83.8 and 7.1 cm, respectively) and the number of flowers (4.4). The maximum postharvest life of flowers obtained in 3 mM calcium concentration amounted 15.6 days. The greatest uptake of calcium by shoot was observed in 3 mM Ca treatment (114.1 mg/pot). In general, increasing Ca concentration in nutrient solution led to increase in stem diameter and height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and postharvest life of cut flowers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Effects of different levels of sodium nitroprusside and arsenic on fruit yield and some biochemical characteristics of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.)
P. Yadollahi M.R. Asgharipour S. Sheikhpour B. Jabbari2 H. GhasemiApplication of plant growth regulators as antioxidant has been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of different stress. Sodium nitroprusside is an antioxidant which makes plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research the effects of arsenic contam MoreApplication of plant growth regulators as antioxidant has been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of different stress. Sodium nitroprusside is an antioxidant which makes plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research the effects of arsenic contamination and sodium nitroprusside foliar sprays was examined on the quantitative characteristics in bitter melonplants (Momordica charantia L.). The experimental design was as factorial on the basis of completely randomized block design with 3 replications in 2012 at the Zabol University greenhouse. Sodium nitroprusside in 3 levels; 0, 50 and 100 μM and arsenic contamination in four levels 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg kg-1. Resuts showed that arsenic application significantly reduced chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content of leaves,and fruit yield. Arsenic at 90 mg kg-1 reduced P and K in fruits by, 47.57 and 31.25 %, respectively. Protein concentration in fruits increased with increasing arsenic and the greatest protein was observed at the highest arsenic toxicity with 34.68%. Sodium nitroprusside had significant effect on all traits except phosphorus content in fruit and the maximum quantity of this trait was observed at spraying with 100 μM sodium nitroprusside. In general, spraying sodium nitroprusside could be recommended in arsenic contaminated area to reduce heavy metal toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Effect of Different Water Potentials on Seed Germination and Growth of some Persian Walnut Populations
Leily Heidari Naser Boroomand Mohammad Sadat-Hosseini -
Open Access Article
125 - Concentration of Some Major Elements in the Kernel of pistacia atlantica desf., p. Vera Variety “sarakhs”, “badami zarand” and Cultivated Pistachio in Iran
Gh Davarynejad T Nagy Peter E Davarynejad -
Open Access Article
126 - Effective Factors in Little Leaf Disease on Pistachio Trees
M. Afrousheh F. Aghamir Mohammad Ali -
Open Access Article
127 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Potassium on Some Characteristics Nut and Physiological Parameters of Pistachio Trees Cv. Owhadi
H.R. Karimi S. Sevandi- Nasab H. R. Roosta -
Open Access Article
128 - Physiological Evaluation of Pistachio Frost Damage Resistant Rootstocks
R Salary Sorkhan S Enteshari H Hokmabadi A Tajabadipour -
Open Access Article
129 - Effects of Humic Acid on Root and Shoot Growth and Leaf Nutrient Contents in Seedlings of Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand
H. Sajadian H. Hokmabadi -
Open Access Article
130 - بررسی تأثیر کودهای با پایه اسید هیومیک ( سه کود موجود در بازار) بر خصوصیات رشدی، جذب عناصر و درصد اسانس نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita L.)
جابر آقارحیمی سهیلا کوره پز محمودآبادیبه منظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک بر روی جنبه های مختلف رشد گیاه داروئی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) در مناطقی با خاک قلیایی، این پژوهش در رفسنجان انجام شد. این تحقیق بصورت طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار (1- شاهد(بدون استفاده از هیچ کودی) 2- اسید هیومیک 50%&nbs Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک بر روی جنبه های مختلف رشد گیاه داروئی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) در مناطقی با خاک قلیایی، این پژوهش در رفسنجان انجام شد. این تحقیق بصورت طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار (1- شاهد(بدون استفاده از هیچ کودی) 2- اسید هیومیک 50% (با نام تجاری بیس هیومیک) به ازای هر هکتار 1000 کیلوگرم(100 گرم به ازای هر کرت با ابعاد 1 متر در 1 متر) 3- اسید هیومیک 40% (با نام تجاری هومی گرین) همراه با 5% ازت ، 2% فسفر، 2 % پتاس به ازای هر هکتار 1000 کیلوگرم (100 گرم به ازای هر کرت با ابعاد 1 متر در 1 متر) 4- اسید هیومیک 40% (با نام تجاری هیومیک پلاس) همراه با 5 % ازت، 5% فسفر، 2% آهن و 25/0 % مس به ازای هر هکتار 1000 کیلوگرم (100 گرم به ازای هر کرت با ابعاد 1 متر در 1 متر) ) در چهار تکرار جمعاً 16 کرت آزمایشی انجام شد. بعد از مشخص نمودن محل هر تیمار به استثنای تیمار شاهد به هر کدام از کرتها مقدار نصف کود تعیین شده اضافه شد (50 گرم برای هر کرت) سپس یک نوبت آبیاری صورت گرفت و نهالها کشت شد. نتایج نشان داد میزان اسانس در تیمار کود هیومیک پلاس به علت افزایش رشد گیاه و بدنبال آن افزایش ماده خشک میزان اسانس گیاه افزایش یافت. میزان جذب عناصر ریزمغذی مثل آهن، مس، روی و منگنز نیز افزایش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Updating Nutrient Requirements for Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Non-Saline Tidal Flood Ecosystem of Bangladesh
P. K. SAHA M. N. ISLAM M. S. ISLAM -
Open Access Article
132 - Survey Yield Components of Spinach under Influence of Biofertilizer and Nutrient Solution in Soils of Chengdu, Hunan, Shannxi and Xiaotanshan, China
PETER OKO OGBAJI JIANMIN Li XUZHANG XUE MOHAMAD HESAM SHAHRAJABIAN ENEJI ANTHONY EGRINYA -
Open Access Article
133 - Comparison of Yield and Silage Quality of some Sorghum Bicolor L. Cultivars and Corn under Salinity Stress
ABOUZAR ASADI -
Open Access Article
134 - The Effect of Magnetic Field Intensity and Duration on the Amount of Nutrients Absorbed by Cucumber Transplant
MORADALI GHANBARPOURI AHMAD MOHAMADI GHAHSAREH MITRA ATTAABADI MEHRAN HODAJI -
Open Access Article
135 - Study the Effects of Micro-nutrients, Macro-nutrients and Plant Shading on Quantitative Traits of Tomato) Lycopersicon esculentum)
MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI SARA KABODI -
Open Access Article
136 - Foliar application of Zinc, Iron and Manganese fertiliZers on yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars
R. Sadradi Haghighi S. S. Sekhavati In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of elements such as Zinc, Iron and manganese on yield and yield components of bread wheat cv. Pishgam an experiment was conducted based on a RCBD with three replications at Torbat-e-jam in 2015-20 More In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of elements such as Zinc, Iron and manganese on yield and yield components of bread wheat cv. Pishgam an experiment was conducted based on a RCBD with three replications at Torbat-e-jam in 2015-2016. Factors were foliar application including Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Iron+Zinc, Iron+Manganese, Zinc+Manganese, Iron+Zinc+Manganese and control treatment. Foliar application was done using micronutrients chelates at the amount of one per thousand at stem elongation and flowering stages. The results showed that foliar application had significant effect on plant height, spike length, the number of grains per spike, and harvest index. Foliar application increased plant height significantly. The highest plant height obtained from application of Iron+Manganese, Iron+Zinc+Manganese and Zinc+Manganese. The maximum length of the spike was seen in foliar application of Iron, Zinc, Iron+Manganese which had not significant difference with control treatment. The number of grains per spike in Zinc and Zinc+Iron+Manganese treatments were higher than control. Generally, it seems that none of foliar application treatments could increase the grain yield compared to control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Investigation of fertilization of Iron, Zinc and Boron and two different irrigation regimes on Soybean field characteristics
A. M. Alijani J. Daneshian S. Seifzadeh A. H. Shiranirad In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of Iron, Zinc and Boron micronutrient elements on two different irrigation regimes on soybean characteristics of M9 cultivar, a RCB design was conducted with 8 treatments in 3 More In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of Iron, Zinc and Boron micronutrient elements on two different irrigation regimes on soybean characteristics of M9 cultivar, a RCB design was conducted with 8 treatments in 3 replications. The experiments were done in Aleshtar, Lorestan province of Iran during two growing years between 2014 to 2016 in two separate experiments. The first irrigation was carried out after 50 mm from the pan and in the second experiment after irrigation after 100 mm from the pan. The investigated factor were micronutrient elements including micronutrient spraying, micronutrient spraying of Zinc, Iron, Boron, Zinc& Iron, Boron + Iron, Boron + Zinc and Zinc + Iron + Boron. The results showed that irrigation effect on plant height, number of nodes, number of pods per plant, 1000 seed weight, oil yield and grain yield were significant at 1% probability level. The effect of foliar application of micronutrient elements on plant height, number of nodes, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight and grain yield at 1% probability level and significant number of lateral branches at 5% probability level were significant. The highest grain yield was obtained from irrigation treatments after 50 millimeters from the pan and the addition of Zinc, Iron and Boron micronutrients, with a mean of 2561 kg ha-1, and the lowest grain yield related to treatment after 100 mm of pan and lack of foliar application of micronutrient elements with an average of 1086 kg ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Effects of micronutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) on quality and quantities yield of Hamoon cultivar wheat in Sistan area
A. A. Hosseinabadi M. Galavi M. Heidari To determine the effects of Fe, Zn and Mn micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat (cv. Hamoon), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and natural resources research center of Sistan during 2003-4. Using RCBD with More To determine the effects of Fe, Zn and Mn micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat (cv. Hamoon), an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and natural resources research center of Sistan during 2003-4. Using RCBD with four replications. Treatments were Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn and control (no micronutrients). The results showed foliar application of these micronutrients increase grain yield but did not have significantly effect on it. However mean comparison indicated that Zn application increased total grain yield from 4334 to 4888 kg/ha. Foliar application of micronutrients expects % N had not significantly effects on the %P and %K content of seeds. The results indicate that micronutrient had not significantly effects on grain yield but by improving condition for growth and yield components they can increase quality and quantities of yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The effect of biofortification with Iron and Zinc on agronomic traits of mycorrhizal barley
Sh. Khaghani M. R. ArdakaniThe main resaon for the low quality and quantity yield of plants is Lack of attention to nutrition with micro-nutrients on poaceae family and other crops. In order to investigate the effect of Iron, Zinc and mycorrhiza on barley yield and yield components, a field study MoreThe main resaon for the low quality and quantity yield of plants is Lack of attention to nutrition with micro-nutrients on poaceae family and other crops. In order to investigate the effect of Iron, Zinc and mycorrhiza on barley yield and yield components, a field study was conducted during 2013-14 years in agricultural experimental station of Islamic Azad University Arak branch. A factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block desing with three replication. Three Levels of Zn, Z1 (no application), Z2 (25 kg/ha-1) and Z3 (50 kg/ha-1) were used. Mycorrhiza fungi including no inoculation and Glomus intraradices and three levels of Iron (no application, 2/5 kg/ha-1 and 5 kg/ha-1) were used. Simple effect of Mycorrhiza on yield showed highest grain yield with (3.90 ton/ha-1) was obtained from Glomus intraradices. Highest levels of straw yield with 3.43 was obtained in treatment Glomus intraradices. The simple effect of mycorrhiza, Iron and Zinc showed the highest biologic yield with 6.91, 6.70, 6.49 was obtained in treatment Glomus intraradices, 5 kg/ha-1 Iron and 100 kg/ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Effect of cycocel and micronutrients on antioxidants rates as indices of drought resistance of rapeseed
S. Hamrahi D. Habibi H. Madani M. Mashhadi Akbar BoojarEffect of micronutrients and cycocel in drought tolerance of rapeseed was determined by using split factorial design on RCBD with 12 treatments and 4 replications. Experiment was done in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2007-2008. The treatments cons MoreEffect of micronutrients and cycocel in drought tolerance of rapeseed was determined by using split factorial design on RCBD with 12 treatments and 4 replications. Experiment was done in research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2007-2008. The treatments considened by irrigation as main factor in 2 levels (normal and drought), 3 levels of micronutrients (0, 1, 1.5 lit/ha) and 2 levels cycocel (0, 1.5lit/ha) as sub factors. 22 variables were determined which were included plant height, full and empty pod number per plant, pod weight per plant, pod number per stem and sub-branch, seed number per pod, stem diameter, seed weight per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, total dry weight, harvest index, relative water content, ionic leakage, SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA , di-Tyro, 8-oh-dg. Result indicated high significant increase in antioxidant enzymes rate in drought condition which means the defensive mechanism of plant in drought condition. Micronutrients caused high significant difference in antioxidant enzymes rate between drought and normal condition so that caused drought tolerance in plant by decreasing the pressure of tension. In addition cycocel consuming resulted in high significant plant height decrease and stem diameter increase due to drought tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Effects of wastewater and foliar complete nutrient application on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria italica (L.)
M. Heidari P. JamshidianIn order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected w MoreIn order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected was split plot design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three kinds of irrigation water (W1=well water and W2= domestic waste water+well water and W3= domestic waste water) in main plot and three foliar complete nutrient (F1=control, F2= 400 and F3= 800 gr/ha) in sub plot. Results showed that irrigation with wastewater and 800 gr/ha foliar complete nutrient significantly increased grain yield. In this study wastewater application decreased antioxidant-enzymatic activity of CAT, APX and GPX enzymes. Foliar complete nutrient except GPX enzyme decreased CAT and APX antioxidant-enzymatic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Growth and Micronutrient Uptake of Oat Plant (Avena sativa) in Oil Contaminated Soils as Affected by Poultry Manure and Biochar
Maryam Barati Sedigheh Shirazi -
Open Access Article
143 - The Efect of Adding Prebiotic, Synbiotic and Phytobiotic Supplements in the Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Some Blood Parameters of Fattening Zell Lambs
Mehdi Saravani Mohsen Hajipour Kaveh Jafari Khorshidi Seyed Makan Mousavi Kashani Parvin ShawrangIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male MoreIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male lambs with an avrage age of about 5 months and an avrage weight of 25.4±0.50 were used for 90 days. The experimental treatments included 1- control group (no supplement), 2- treatment containing 2 g of A-Max prebiotic supplement, 3- treatment containing 4 g of Biomin IMBO synbiotic supplement, and 4- treatment containing 6 g of Bioherbal phytobiotic supplement per head of lamb per day. The growth performance results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental treatments in the fattening weight, dry matter intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The highest weight at the end of the fattening period, dry matter intake and daily weight gain were observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 6 g of phytobiotic supplement had the lowest feed conversion ratio. The highest apparent digestibility of dry matter, NDF and ADF was observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement (p < 0.05). The results of some blood serum parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of glucose was in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement, the lowest concentration of cholesterol was in the treatment of 6 g of phytobiotic supplement. Blood urea nitrogen had the lowest concentration in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 4 g of synbiotic supplement had the highest hot carcass weight, hot carcass percentage, cold carcass weight, cold carcass percentage, thigh percentage and shoulder percentage (p < 0.05). The present research showed that the addition of 4 g of synbiotic supplement in the diet improved the growth performance, valuable parts of the carcass and the apparent digestibility of nutrients in fattening lambs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Importance of Minerals in the Nutrition of the Main Farming Species of the Shrimp Industry
Moslem SharifiniaThe presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrim MoreThe presence of minerals in aquatic food is necessary due to their vital role in physical activities. Shrimps of the Panaeid family are valuable aquatic animals that live widely in tropical and subtropical waters and account for more than half of the world's gross shrimp production. The purpose of the upcoming study is to investigate the knowledge and information available in the field of mineral nutrition in shrimps of the Panaideh family. Also, the present study will examine how the aquatic environment and the life cycle of shrimp affect the needs and role of minerals in the health of shrimp. In addition to the cases mentioned in this review, the methods of supplying minerals to shrimps through water or feed or the use of mineral supplements in the diet have been discussed. The results of various studies showed that the estimation of dietary requirements for most minerals in the main species of shrimp farming (Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus japonicus) is wide and some essential minerals have not been studied. Moreover, currently there is no comprehensive and sufficient information on the requirements of important minerals such as iron, manganese, selenium and zinc as well as other rare minerals for predominant species of farmed shrimp and even in some cases there is no information at all. For example, the magnesium requirements of P. monodon have not yet been confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that more knowledge is needed to understand the mineral needs in different life stages of farmed shrimp, including the critical stages of molting.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Effect of Multiple Dietary Supplements on the Sperm Parameters Quality
F. Bassri M.H. Nasr-Esfahani M. Forouzanfar M. TavallaeeExcessive production of oxidative stress is considered as a risk factor for reproduction. Several studies show that high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect spermatogenesis process and fertility potential in men. For treatment of these individuals, antioxi MoreExcessive production of oxidative stress is considered as a risk factor for reproduction. Several studies show that high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect spermatogenesis process and fertility potential in men. For treatment of these individuals, antioxidant therapy is suggested. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multiple micronutrient supplement that contains vitamins B, Zinc and N-acetylcysteine on sperm parameters in infertile men. This study was performed on 30 infertile men referred to the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Semen parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) were assessed before and after three month of treatment with supplement (2 tablets per day; 600mg). The result of this study showed a significant improvement in sperm motility and morphology (p<0.05) after compared to before treatment. In addition, sperm concentration insignificantly increased after treatment with supplement (p>0.05). Considering multiple micronutrient supplement is containing all of the B vitamins and essential component of One-Carbone cycle, therefore improvement of sperm parameters can be observed due to improved antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Improvement yield and grain protein of barley (Hordeum valgare L.) by iron, manganese and zinc foliar spray
Majid Rajaie Mojtaba CharkhandehIn order to investigate the effect of iron, manganese and zinc foliar spray on the yield and grain protein in barley, an experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design with 3 replications in Darab, during 2012-2013. The total of 8 treatments were use MoreIn order to investigate the effect of iron, manganese and zinc foliar spray on the yield and grain protein in barley, an experiment was carried out in a randomized completely block design with 3 replications in Darab, during 2012-2013. The total of 8 treatments were used that consisted of T1- Control test without spraying, T2- Spraying with a concentration of 0.2% iron, T3- 0.2% zinc, T4- 0.2% Mn, T5- T2+T3, T6- T2+T4, T7- T3+T4 and T8- T2+T3+T4. The results showed that application of micronutrient fertilizers increased the yield and yield components of barley. So that the simultaneous application of iron, zinc and manganese could significantly increase the grain yield, number of grains per ear, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, harvest index, stem soluble carbohydrates and grain protein. The highest concentrations of iron, zinc and manganese in grain and leaf were observed when each one of the elements was individually sprayed on plant aerial parts. The lowest concentrations of iron, zinc and manganese in grain were obtained in the combination of zinc+ manganese, iron+ manganese and iron + zinc, respectively. Among the applied, iron had the best effect on the increase of grain yield than the other elements. By increasing the number of elements used in the spraying solutions, their efficiency in supplying the plant requirement was reduced. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that in addition to grain enrichment, the micronutrient fertilizers have been able to increase the yield and yield components of the barley Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Effect of iron, manganese and boron micronutrients on some morphological and quantitative characteristics of sugar beet seed
masomeh nasiri raouf ssharifi. In order to influence the micronutrient elements on sugar beet seed, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of Ardebil Agricultural Research Station. The treatments consisted of the lack of spraying (control) and spray More. In order to influence the micronutrient elements on sugar beet seed, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications of Ardebil Agricultural Research Station. The treatments consisted of the lack of spraying (control) and spraying with iron, manganese, boron, iron and manganese, iron and boron, boron, manganese and iron, manganese and boron. Each plot consisted of six planting lines with a length of 6 meters and a spacing of 65 centimeters. Seed roots were planted with 50 × 65 cm arrangement (plant density of 3.08 plants /m2). The results of the experiment showed that the effect of treatments on dry weight of branch and dry weight of the whole seed was significant at 1% probability level. Comparison of the averages showed that the fertilizer combination of 4 in 1000 (boron and manganese) in morphological traits was superior to other fertilizer compounds. Also, the effect of micronutrient treatment on seed weight was higher than standard size and seed weight higher than 4.5 mm at 1% probability level. Among the compounds used, the fertilizer combination of 4 in 1000 (Iron and boron) was superior to other fertilizers in terms of traits related to seed traits in addition to increasing the above mentioned traits, weight loss was less effective than control. Therefore, these two combinations of fertilizers (Iron+boron and Boron+ Manganese)are recommended as the best fertilizer levels for achieving high yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Effects of Zinc and nitrogen fertilizer on some qualitative and quantitative indices of wheat under late season low-irrigation condition
javad hasanpour mansoureh Khalatbari laleh Dehghan An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Zn spraying and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat under water stress condition, in varamin agricultural research center in 2005-16. a split-factorial layout within randomized complete bl More An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Zn spraying and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat under water stress condition, in varamin agricultural research center in 2005-16. a split-factorial layout within randomized complete block design with three replications were used. main plots were three irrigation treatments and sub plots were two, Zn spraying and Nitrogen fertilizer treatments with factorial arrangment. The result showed that, Cutting irrigation at both flowering and grain filling stages significantly reduced biological yield and grain yield, but the severity of this reduction was greater for stopping irrigation at flowering time. The highest grain yield was observed in the optimal irrigation treatment at 6667 kg ha-1. Non-Irrigation at the beginning of flowering and seed filling stages resulted in a yield reduction of 30 and 18.6%, respectively. The average weight loss of TKW due to stress at flowering and grain filling stages were 35.5 and 29.7%, respectively. On the other hand, stress caused an increase in protein content as well as moisture content of gluten, while the amount of zinc in grain decreased significantly. Weight loss of 1000 grains of wheat, followed by loss of starch storage increased the protein to starch ratio. There was no significant difference between nitrogen fertilizer supply from urea and ammonium sulfate except for plant height and peduncle length. Foliar application of zinc reduced stress damage on grain yield and increased zinc content from 36 to 38.2 ppm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Effect of different levels of iron and zinc concentrations of micronutrients on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) single cross 260
Hamid Goudarzi Pourang Kasraie Behnam ZandTo study the effects of micronutrient concentrations of iron and zinc on maize (Zea maysL.) KSC 260 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications Education - Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin -Pyshva was condu MoreTo study the effects of micronutrient concentrations of iron and zinc on maize (Zea maysL.) KSC 260 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications Education - Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Varamin -Pyshva was conducted in July 1392. First of iron sulphate fertilizer at three levels (zero, two, four thousand liters) and the second zinc sulfate fertilizer at three levels (zero, four, eight per liter) is sprayed in two steps (first eight-leaf stage and secondly tassel emergence) was performed. The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of iron concentration on four thousand and four hundred on a test characteristics and biological function of the average 24856.3 (Kg.ha), with an average yield of 9496.5 (Kg.ha), with an average of 9.06 percent protein performance fibers with an average 860.4 (Kg.ha), with an average of 38.72% and harvest index (LAI), with a mean value of 6.27 compared to the control (non-use spray), giving the greatest impact on corn (Zea mays L. ) KSC 260 is in Varamin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - The effect of foliar application of cycocel and iron and zinc micronutrient elements on yield and physiological traits of wheat under different irrigation regimes.
سعید Sayfzadeh ناصر Shahsavari سعید AkbarimehrCycocel as a growth regulator and micronutrient elements can moderate the effects of drought stress. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of cycocel and iron and zinc micronutrient elements on the yield and physiological trai MoreCycocel as a growth regulator and micronutrient elements can moderate the effects of drought stress. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of cycocel and iron and zinc micronutrient elements on the yield and physiological traits of wheat pishgam cultivar under drought stress conditions in a private farm in Rabat Karim, Tehran, during the cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The experiment was carried out in the form of split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. In this experiment, irrigation at two levels (I1: full irrigation (custom of the region) and I2: interruption of irrigation at the beginning of the spike emergence stage or 51 Zadoks) As the main factor, cycocel at two levels (C1: no use (spraying solution with pure water) and C2: consumption of cycocel at the rate of 0.5 liters per hectare) and foliar application of micronutrient elements in two stages of stem formation and spike emergence at four levels (F1: no use (pure water spray solution), F2: iron foliar application, F3: zinc foliar application, and F4: iron foliar application + zinc (each at a ratio of 3 per thousand) As sub-factors, they were factorial placed in sub-plots. The results of composite data analysis showed that the main effect of irrigation, cycocel foliar application and the interaction effect of irrigation × cycocel at the level of five percent and foliar application of micronutrient elements at the level of one percent was significant on grain yield. The results of comparing the averages of the effect of irrigation and cycocel on grain yield showed that the highest grain yield belonged to the cycocel application treatment under normal irrigation conditions with an average of 7077 kg/ha. The use of cycocel in normal irrigation conditions and also in stress conditions in the spike stage or 51 Zadoks increased grain yield. This increase was more evident under normal irrigation conditions. The results of comparing the averages of the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on grain yield showed that iron + zinc foliar application had the highest grain yield with an average of 5543 kg/ha, and the lowest grain yield belonged to the control treatment with an average of 4638 kg/ha. According to the obtained results, although the drought is causing damage to wheat, but cycocel, iron and Zinc foliar application partially compensated the damage caused by drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Investigating the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid on sesame yield in Gorgan
مریم Taheri Nejad حسین Ajamnourozi محمدرضا AjamnouroziIn order to determine the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid consumption on the yield and yield components of sesame in the delayed planting date, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Iraqi Mahalle station in the crop MoreIn order to determine the effect of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid consumption on the yield and yield components of sesame in the delayed planting date, an experiment was conducted in the research farm of Iraqi Mahalle station in the crop year of 2022. This research was carried out as a completely randomized block design with 9 treatments in 3 replications in the research farm of the Iraqi Mahalle. In each plot, 5 rows were planted, the distance between rows was 40 cm and the distance between replications was 3 meters. The studied traits included plant height, harvest index, seed yield, thousand seed weight and biological yield. The results obtained from this study showed that the treatment with humic acid + micronutrient, control and control + irrigation fertilizer + humic acid fertilizer had the highest biological performance, and the lowest biological performance was related to humic acid irrigation fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer + micronutrient. Also, the weight of one thousand seeds in the control group and the eighth treatment was significantly lower compared to other treatments. These results show that the use of micronutrient fertilizers and humic acid could significantly increase the weight of a thousand seeds. Finally, the seed yield was significantly higher in control, control + humic acid seed, and control + humic acid seed + micronutrient than other treatments. These results show that application of humic acid has better effects on grain yield than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Study the Effect of Various Levels of Municipal Compost on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat cv. Chamran under Salinity Stress
Majid Rakhshanderu Vahid Mohammad Khani Nasrin Shaban Zeynab SarafrazAbiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, toxicity of chemicals and oxidative stress are serious threats to agriculture and the environment. This research was carried out in a greenhouse in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, in 2018 in a randomized com MoreAbiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, high temperatures, toxicity of chemicals and oxidative stress are serious threats to agriculture and the environment. This research was carried out in a greenhouse in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, in 2018 in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The test factors in this study consisted of three levels of salinity including control (0 ds/m), mild stress (4 dS/m) and severe stress (8 ds/m), and five levels of biological fertilizers including no compost application as control, and two, four, six and eight tons per hectare of municipal compost application. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced the number of seeds per spike of wheat plant and the lowest number of seeds per spike was recorded in severe salt stress treatments. Also, intense salinity stress significantly reduced the grain harvest index compared to non-stress conditions and increased the harvest index from 52% under unstable conditions to 29% in severe stress conditions. According to the results, salinity stress significantly reduced wheat grain yield and the lowest grain yield was recorded in salt stress and non-consumption of compost at a rate of 2.6 tons per hectare. Considering the important role of biofertilizers in improving physical, chemical, biological and soil fertility, providing appropriate levels of these materials in the soil in order to reduce the use of chemical inputs in pursuit of sustainable agricultural objectives in order to achieve a sustainable yield is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Study the Effects of Application of Vermicompost and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Growth and Yield Parameters of Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions
Allah Bakhsh Safari Mohammad Mirzaei HeydariPresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC levels (0, 3 and 6 percen MorePresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC levels (0, 3 and 6 percent) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza. Results of present study showed positive and significant impact of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation on wheat growth traits under drought stress conditions. Also, According to results Highest grain yield by 4.22 ton/ha achieved in control level of drought stress and application 6 percent VC and mycorrhiza and lowest amount obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza and VC by 2.89 ton/ha. Results showed that application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation caused to increasing proline content in plant and consequently increase in plant resistance to drought conditions which was evident in wheat plant yield and yield components. Organic fertilizers due to long term impacts on soil properties, providing micro- and macro nutrients and maintenance of soil biological properties could be economic and compensate production cost of bio-fertilizers and so make possible continuous and optimal use of agricultural land possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Study the Effects of Application of Vermicompost and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Growth and Yield Parameters of Wheat under Drought Stress Conditions
Allah Bakhsh Safari Mohammad Mirzaei HeidariPresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC level (0, 3 and 6 percent MorePresent study was conducted for evaluation of the effect of vermicompost (VC) and mycorrhiza on growth and yield and biochemical traits of wheat under drought stress conditions in greenhouse. Factors include three levels of irrigation, three VC level (0, 3 and 6 percent) and application and non-application of mycorrhiza. Results of present study showed positive and significant impact of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation on wheat growth traits under drought stress conditions. Also, According to results Highest grain yield by 4.22 ton/ha achieved in control level of drought stress and application 6 percent VC and mycorrhiza and lowest amount obtained in non-application of mycorrhiza and VC by 2.89 ton/ha. Results showed that application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza inoculation caused to increasing proline content in plant and consequently increase in plant resistance to drought conditions which was evident in wheat plant yield and yield components. Organic fertilizers due to long term impacts on soil properties, providing micro- and macro nutrients and maintenance of soil biological properties could be economic and compensate production cost of bio-fertilizers and so make possible continuous and optimal use of agricultural land possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Investigating the growth characteristics and composition of fatty acids of the medicinal plant Carthamus tinctorius cultivar Safeh under the influence of humic acid and zinc chelate
Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash Zainab Rashidi Ali HeidarzadehThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of safflower under the influence of humic acid and zinc chelate in field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a factorial form in the form of randomized complete blocks in a farm in Saqez city in 2019. T MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of safflower under the influence of humic acid and zinc chelate in field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a factorial form in the form of randomized complete blocks in a farm in Saqez city in 2019. The results showed that the effect of humic acid treatment was significant at the 5% probability level on plant height and on the number of sub-branches at the 5% probability level. The effect of zinc chelate and the interaction of treatments on both traits were significant at the 1% probability level. The use of all three foliar treatments (humic acid zinc chelate and the interaction of treatments) had a significant effect on the number of seeds per plant. Comparison of averages showed. The highest number of seeds per plant in the combined treatment of 1 mg/liter of zinc chelate and 400 mg/liter of humic acid (125/33) as well as the treatment of 2 mg/liter of zinc chelate (123/25) and the lowest number in There was a combined treatment of 100 mg/l of humic acid and 2 mg/l of zinc chelate. The results showed that zinc chelate treatment and the combined treatment of zinc chelate and humic acid had a significant effect on the number of leaves in safflower plant, but humic acid treatment did not have a significant effect on this trait. C The results of the present study showed that the amount of linoleic acid increased with the addition of humic acid and zinc chelate, but the amount of oleic acid decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The effect of planting pattern and foliar application of micronutrients on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 Sc.
سعيد بداقي mohsen roshdiTo study the effects of sowing pattern and foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 an experiment was done in stripe plot on the basis of randomized complete block design in four replications during the crop year of 2006 in the A MoreTo study the effects of sowing pattern and foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B on yield and yield components of corn Cv. 704 an experiment was done in stripe plot on the basis of randomized complete block design in four replications during the crop year of 2006 in the Agronomical Research Station of Khoy. In this experiment the first factor was in two levels: rectangular and square planting patter. Second factor was foliar application of micronutrients in eight levels which included control, foliar application of Fe, Zn, B, Fe+ Zn, Fe + B, Zn + B and Fe + Zn + B. Foliar application was done in 5000 ppm concentration. Results showed that ear length and seed number on ear were only affected by micronutrients foliar. Interaction of the two factors was significant on harvest index. In general, planting on square pattern and foliar application of micronutrients improved the yield components so that the highest yield was obtained in square pattern with 9.96 ton / ha and in foliar application of Fe, Zn, and B with 10.4 tons/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Effects of Nitrogen and Micronutrient Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of Pinto Beans
فرناز گنج آبادي فرزاد جلیلیTo evaluate the effect of nitrogen and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of pinto bean, an experiment was carried out as a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of W. Azarbaijan Agricultural MoreTo evaluate the effect of nitrogen and micronutrient foliar application on yield and yield components of pinto bean, an experiment was carried out as a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of W. Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Center during the crop year of 2012-13. Treatments included three cultivars of nitrogen and four levels of micronutrient foliar application on many cultivars were significant. The greatest amount of pod length, plant height and harvest index were assigned to nitroxin cultivar and the maximum number of seed in pod and weight of 100 seed were allotted to urea. The highest pod length, number of pod in stem and plant height were assigned to boric acid cultivar and the maximum weight of 100 seed, protein yield and grain yield were obtained from Fe sulfate cultivar. Manuscript profile
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