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Open Access Article
1 - Future Studies for Presenting Model of Personal Differentiation Role on Guerilla Advertising with Using Perceptron Artificial Neural Network
tara taefi vahidreza Mirabi Ghasemali Bazaee soheil sarmad saeidiGuerilla Advertising in Contrast of Definition Pattern, Attempt to Use Simplicity and Flexibility Idea For Penetrate and Attract In Customer Heart to Have Maximum Profit With Minimize their Cost. Personal Differentiation Research is so important for result some side of MoreGuerilla Advertising in Contrast of Definition Pattern, Attempt to Use Simplicity and Flexibility Idea For Penetrate and Attract In Customer Heart to Have Maximum Profit With Minimize their Cost. Personal Differentiation Research is so important for result some side of this Attitude Made by Attention on personal personality. The goal of this research is Future Studies Presenting for Presenting Model of Personal Differentiation Role on Guerilla Advertising. The Purpose is Exploratory, the Method is Descriptive Survey. Two Indicator Recognize such as Attitude with psychology Motivation and technical dimension, personality With Myers-Briggs Indicator Test. Population is Go sport Customer, use classify method to choose the sample, number of Sample with Cochran Formula 277 person. For data collecting have2 Specific and closed Questioner including standard MBTI Questioner with 70 Question and another one with 25 Closed And Specified Questioner Made by Researcher , with use Perceptron Artificial Neural Network by (MATLAB Software). the result of Neural Network Get Fit Model With 92%Coefficience Confidence to Define 4 clearly strategic of Interdependencies between Guerilla Advertising and personality, Attitude Indicator for Predict and analysis the new input and select the suitable strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation the Role of Country of Origin (COO) on Evaluation Consumer about Foreign Product
K. Heidarzadeh M. SanatiThe growth of global competition and the necessity of attention to international matters led thisresearch to engage in one of major subjects of International Marketing fields as “Country of Origin”(COO).This research, in frame of an explorative study assesse MoreThe growth of global competition and the necessity of attention to international matters led thisresearch to engage in one of major subjects of International Marketing fields as “Country of Origin”(COO).This research, in frame of an explorative study assessed the role of COO in consumer’s evaluationabout foreign products. In this way, consumers’ attitude specified about five different countries,including Japan, Germany, France, South Korea and China. The results show that based on COO,consumers’ attitude for foreign product attributes were different, and, just in a few from theseattributes the differences between countries were not significant. Also the results indicate that whenbuying, consumers give the highest priority to Germany (68.2%). but, with knowing the special typesof products, they prefer the German cars or Japanese home appliance . In Hygienic and Cosmetics theygive the priority of first to France, second to Germany and at last Japan and in automobile to Germany,Japan and France respectively.Furthermore, in this research the effect of demographic variables were considered too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Way of Using Socio- Semantic Features to Identify Social Actors in National and International Newspapers about Iran's Nuclear Program.
Giti Taki Maryam NakhaeiCritical discourse analysis basically is the way of representation of social and political events in language. It makes visible the common – sense social and cultural assumptions which below the level of conscious awareness, are embedded in all forms of language t MoreCritical discourse analysis basically is the way of representation of social and political events in language. It makes visible the common – sense social and cultural assumptions which below the level of conscious awareness, are embedded in all forms of language that people use. In this regard and based on critical discourse analysis, Van Leeuwen (1996) has presented a theoretical framework with socio – semantic features, as representation of social actors, which is for analyzing text. Based on the theory, this study will try to analyze the using of four features of the theory, personalization, impersonalization, association, differentiation, in a selection of national and international newspapers' headlines about Iran's nuclear program during 2001-2012. The study will answer this question that whether national and international newspapers use these features to represent social actors and is there any difference between them in using these features? To do this, 242 headlines of two national newspaper, Keyhan and Iran, and two international newspaper, The Washington post and The Guardian were selected and analyzed by using an analytical- descriptive method. The findings showed both national and international newspapers the features in representation of social actors about Iran's nuclear program but each group uses them differently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The survey of relative influence of business strategies on the relationship between financial leverage and performance
سمیرا هنربخش حمید بیرجندی مسعود بیرجندیThis study empirically investigates the effects of business strategies on therelationship between financial leverage and the performance of firms.The research data is collected from 45 firms in the Tehran Security Exchange(TSE) during 1381-1387, using by Rahavard softwa MoreThis study empirically investigates the effects of business strategies on therelationship between financial leverage and the performance of firms.The research data is collected from 45 firms in the Tehran Security Exchange(TSE) during 1381-1387, using by Rahavard software and TSE site. The statisticaltechnique used for examining the assumption is regression coefficients. For testing ofthe assumptions, firms divided to 2 sections: firms with cost leadership strategy andfirms with product differentiation strategy. The results indicate that in the 2 typesfirms, there is positive relationship between leverage with performance.The results also suggest that in the firms with cost leadership strategy, dividendpay out have positive relationship with performance and in the firms with productdifferentiation strategy, there is positive relationship between firm’s size withperformance, but relation between dividend pay out with performance is negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Designing and Explaining the Entrepreneurial Marketing Model on E-Marketing with the Effect of Brand Personality Differentiation on Purchasing Intention
Abdolreza Borhaninejad Fataneh ALIZADEHMESHGANI Mousa Rezvani Chaman Zamin kamaladdin rahmaniThe purpose of this study is Designing and explaining the behavioral finance model on entrepreneurial E-Marketing. In terms of data collection, this research is in the category of descriptive research in terms of developmental-applied purpose, descriptive-survey type, a MoreThe purpose of this study is Designing and explaining the behavioral finance model on entrepreneurial E-Marketing. In terms of data collection, this research is in the category of descriptive research in terms of developmental-applied purpose, descriptive-survey type, and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of this research is the users of social networks (Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram) based on the unlimited Cochran formula and equal distribution among each community, 163 samples for each community and a total of 489 people have been determined as the research sampling method. The data collection tool was Fick et al.'s questionnaire and Jennifer Aker's questionnaire in order to check the reliability and validity of the research. Data analysis was done through structural equations SEM. The reliability of variable questionnaires was at the optimal level (above 80%). The research results have shown that the model has a good fit. The financial behavioral variable has an effect on entrepreneurial e-marketing and purchase intention, also the dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing, namely celebrity credibility, value creation, personality differentiation, focus on innovation, opportunism and risk management, have an effect on e-marketing and purchase intention. The effect of E-marketing on purchasing intention has also been confirmed based on statistical information and surveys. The above results show that in social networks, paying more and more attention to entrepreneurial marketing and electronic marketing has a direct effect on increasing the desire to purchase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of the Effects of Hedonic Value and Utilitarian Value on General Attitude of Customers Evaluation of Shopping Mall (Case Study: Hyperstar)
H. SoleymaniThis study, based shopper’s in shopping malls, establishes investigation that malls can achieve orientations following the hedonic value and utilitarian value dimensions of shopping. Furthermore, investigation perceived differentiation to positively influenc MoreThis study, based shopper’s in shopping malls, establishes investigation that malls can achieve orientations following the hedonic value and utilitarian value dimensions of shopping. Furthermore, investigation perceived differentiation to positively influence customers’ attachment to the mall, a determining factor in the mall’s evaluation. Interestingly, mall’s orientation related to hedonic elements was found appealing by all subjects. This study investigates how the pursuit of singular orientations (along the hedonic /utilitarian range ) can generate a feeling of attachment to the mall for customers. Generating such special connection with customers is important because it influences their general evaluation of the mall. Those findings open promising avenues for segmentation tool to come . The study was conducted on 203 respondents who wer interviewed in two shopping malls; data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Furthermore conceptual model Investigation of the Hedonic Value , Utilitarian Value, place attachment, perceive differatitian , emotion (negative, positive) and General Attitude of Customers Evaluation of Shopping mall Important managerial implications for malls’ tenants providing clear guidance in developing new strategies are discussed along with limitations and avenues for future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - An Empirical Investigation the Role of Management Accountants and Management Accounting Systems on the relationship between Differentiation Strategy and Exploratory Innovation
Mohsen Imeni Seyyed Mohammad MoshashaeiManagement accountants can contribute to the differentiation and success of a company by using the information obtained through the management accounting system. This research aims to empirically investigate the role of management accountants and management accounting s MoreManagement accountants can contribute to the differentiation and success of a company by using the information obtained through the management accounting system. This research aims to empirically investigate the role of management accountants and management accounting systems in the relationship between differentiation strategy and exploratory innovation. As a methodological aspect, this study is an applied and descriptive survey research. The study is based on a survey of 81 individuals, including managers, senior experts, and heads of accounting departments of manufacturing companies in the west of Mazandaran province in 2022. Research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equations with Lisrel 8 software. The results showed that differentiation strategy positively related to the role of business partner management accountants. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between business partner management accountants and factors of the management accounting system, including strategic decision-making, focused attention, monitoring, and legitimation. Furthermore, the results showed that the use of management accounting systems for strategic decision-making, focused attention, legitimacy, and monitoring positively related to exploratory innovation. The correct selection of management accountants during the hiring process or expanding their internal roles can help companies in their development and growth. This study also determined the effect of management accountants on exploratory innovation through the examination of various factors of the management accounting system in Iran's business environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparing the impact of co-determinants on return on assets: focusing on Business Strategies
فرزین رضایی رضا محسنی مریم رایقیThe present study investigates the impact of assets' age and business strategies on therelationship between the growth of assets and the operational performance of the companies.return on net operational assets is considered to be the representatives of the operationalp MoreThe present study investigates the impact of assets' age and business strategies on therelationship between the growth of assets and the operational performance of the companies.return on net operational assets is considered to be the representatives of the operationalperformance of the companies. For this purpose, a sample including 86 companies listed atTehran's stock exchange during the 2006 and 2010 has been studied. By doing hierarchicalcluster analysis, the companies were categorized into two clusters of cost leadership andproduct differentiation. In order to analyze and examine the relationship between the variablesin our study, the approaches of balanced panel data was used. The results show that there's asignificant relationship between and the assets' age operational performance of the companies.These findings underline the influence of the variables of the assets' age and businessstrategies on the relationship between growth of the assets and the performance of thecompanies. These results indicate that the impact of factors on the growth of assets in thecompanies with older assets is more intensive. From the other hand, the findings show that theimpact of the growth of the assets in the companies following the product differentiationapproach is negative. Since the main key to success in investments is to determine eachcompany’s particular competitive advantage and the stability thereof; hence, the empiricalresults of these strategic concepts could provide a useful mechanism for entrepreneurs inorder to gain a better future performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Strategic position and Evaluation of firm performance
Hashem Valipoor Sattar BaseriThe thesis is aimed at studying the strategic positioning and firm performance infirms confirmed by stock exchange of Tehran. Considering the firm’s scope,competitors' status, and customers’ demands and tendencies, firms require a specialstrategy in order to MoreThe thesis is aimed at studying the strategic positioning and firm performance infirms confirmed by stock exchange of Tehran. Considering the firm’s scope,competitors' status, and customers’ demands and tendencies, firms require a specialstrategy in order to compete with their competitors effectively as well as to improvethe financial performance in future. The current research has conducted by selecting38 firms through the ones confirmed by stock exchange of Tehran during 1381 to1387.correlation method was used in this research. Pierson correlation coefficient,multi-variable linear regression, and ANOVA analysis method have used to dataanalyzing and research’s assumptions testing.The obtained results reveal that while applying the differentiation strategy andcosts leadership results in successful financial performance, but the maintenance ofthis successful performance in future years, only can be satisfied by applyingdifferentiation strategy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Study of Productivity and Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategy Effect on Bankruptcy Risk
Majid Azimi Yancheshmeh Mostafa rajabi Zoherh Mahmoud DehnaviThe main purpose of this paper is to investigation of the impact of Productivity and Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy on Bankruptcy Risk of firms. In this regard, uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compute productivity of firms and uses Altman MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigation of the impact of Productivity and Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy on Bankruptcy Risk of firms. In this regard, uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compute productivity of firms and uses Altman model (Z) to compute bankruptcy risk of firms. The data used consists of a sample of 79 firms that are publicly traded in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) in the period 1384-1392. A multi-variable regression model is used for testing of hypotheses and data analyses. The results indicate that productivity has a positive effect on reducing bankruptcy risk of firms, and the results also indicate that pursuing either of the Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy successfully has a positive effect on reducing bankruptcy risk. The study also brings to light the mediating effect of productivity in the relationship between cost leadership strategy and bankruptcy risk Of Firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Strategy of Cost Leadership and Product Differentiation Strategy on Cost of Equity
Elham Eghdami Bahman BanimahdThis study investigate the relationship between strategy of cost leadership and product differentiation strategy on equity costs. The aim of cost leadership strategy is product cost reduction and the objective of product differentiation strategy is product quality impro MoreThis study investigate the relationship between strategy of cost leadership and product differentiation strategy on equity costs. The aim of cost leadership strategy is product cost reduction and the objective of product differentiation strategy is product quality improvement. So, the aim of this research is investigation of theses strategies on cost of capital.The present study is descriptive and correlational in terms of method and is a descriptive study in terms of nature. Also, this research is an applied research. Data analysis was performed using multiple regressions using panel data. The statistical population of the research is the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011 and 2016. Meanwhile 104 companies selected for sample population. The results of this study indicate that there is a reverse and significant relationship between cost leadership strategy and firm's equity cost . But there is no significant relationship between product differentiation strategy and firm's equity cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Identification and differentiation of vaccinal and virulent Newcastle disease virus in Iran by HRM analysis
Dibazar, Sh., Sheikhi, N.*, Hemmatzadeh, F., Charkhkar, S., Pourbakhsh, A. .To control of outbreaks caused Newcastle disease, it is necessary to distinguish virulent virusesfrom vaccine strains, in minimum possible time and with high accuracy. The aim of this studywas using High-Resolution Melting-Curve Analysis (HRM) for detection and differen MoreTo control of outbreaks caused Newcastle disease, it is necessary to distinguish virulent virusesfrom vaccine strains, in minimum possible time and with high accuracy. The aim of this studywas using High-Resolution Melting-Curve Analysis (HRM) for detection and differentiation ofIranian Newcastle disease virus (NDVs) isolates from vaccine strains. In this study, 5 virulentisolates along with 2 vaccine strains, including B1 and Lasota were used. Based on thenucleotide sequence of F gene, 8 primers (A - H) were designed for the analysis of HRM. At thefirst stage, one virulent and 2 vaccine virus was analyzed by 8 primer pairs. Based on thepreliminary results of both RT-PCR HRM, 3 sets of the primers have been selected for finaltesting of the samples. The patterns obtained from wild viruses were compared with vaccinegroup. The melting temperatures for vaccine strains were higher than virulent isolates by A, B,C, F and H primer pairs; despite D, E and G. In this study, B and H primer pairs could separatevaccine strains from each other and from virulent isolates, better than other primers. Based onthese results, HRM analysis and correct primer selection can determinate and differentiatevirulent NDVs from vaccine strains. This technique is able to do this in short time and with highaccuracy in comparison with previous conventional approaches such as pathogenicity indicestests, RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Prediction of Ecological Succession of the Beech-Hornbeam Stand (Case study: Kheyrood forest, Nooshahr Province)
Mahdi Kakavand Khosro Sagheb-Talebi Kiomars Sefidi Mohammadreza Abdoli Mohamad- Reza Marvi- MOHADJER Moeteza MoridiBackground and Objective: Dynamics of Forest communities, before the climax stage, are very high, and small changes in the conditions of the stands would result in sudden responses such as dominant species changing or increasing the number of accessory species in the ac MoreBackground and Objective: Dynamics of Forest communities, before the climax stage, are very high, and small changes in the conditions of the stands would result in sudden responses such as dominant species changing or increasing the number of accessory species in the accessory stand. This study aims to predict the sequence of the beech- hornbeam stand toward beech stand in the semi-virgin forest Hyrcanian of northern Iran.Material& Methodology: After field studies, three sample plots with an area of one hectare (100 × 100 m) were selected, which included hornbeam-beech type (middle stage type of Hyrcanian forest sequence). At first, four species turbulence factors, the ratio of number of seedlings to mother rootstocks, the percentage of abundance of dry matter and the indices of diameter and height differentiation in the sample plots were measured.Findings: Layering Charts of species indicate the conspicuous presence of beech in the understory of three stands with 61.3 percentage on average. In addition, the average number of proportion of seedlings to the number of mother trees in beech and hornbeam were are 30.1 and 2.3, respectively. The highest percentage of dead trees’ (67%) frequency in the plots is related to Hornbeam species. The results of the TDi and THi indexes charts, with averages of 0.13 and 0.1, respectively, demonstrate a dramatic competition between beech and hornbeam.Discussion and Conclusion: Through the measuring of the competition in natural stands and combining results with other factors such as stage and seedling frequency and layering in the stand indicate that beech would be likely to be replaced by hornbeem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Estimation the risk-neutral processes in jump–diffusion models of gold coin future contracts in Iran Mercantile Exchange
Nahid Malekiniya hosein asgari aloujEstimation the risk market prices and the functions of the stochastic processes of the model are necessary in commodity derivatives pricing. When a closed-form solution is unclear, estimating of the risk market price is a main question in the jump–diffusion models MoreEstimation the risk market prices and the functions of the stochastic processes of the model are necessary in commodity derivatives pricing. When a closed-form solution is unclear, estimating of the risk market price is a main question in the jump–diffusion models. This paper along with Gomez's, Habibilashgari's and Rodriguez's review (2016) is suggested to estimate the functions of the risk-neutral processes directly from market data of Iran. In this approach, there is no need to estimate the physical drift and the risk market prices of coin future contracts pricing. This research estimates the risk-neutral drifts, volatilities and parameters of the jump range distributions with Iran Mercantile Exchange data of the coin future contract , from 2010 to 2017. The findings show that JDM and DM under price the futures prices and the prices obtained with the JDM are closer to the observed prices than those obtained with the DM. For the longest maturities the JDM provides smaller errors than the DM. The higher the maturity, the higher the differences between the two models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - عملگرهای ترکیبی مشتق پذیر وزن دار از فضاهای برگمن وزن دار با وزن های پذیرفتنی به فضاهای از نوع بلاخ
شایسته رضاییفرض کنید خودنگاشتی تحلیلی روی قرص واحد در صفحه مختلط ، یک عدد صحیح نامنفی و تابعی تحلیلی روی باشد. در این صورت برای تابع تحلیلی روی عملگر ترکیبی مشتق پذیر وزن دار به صورت تعریف می شود که . در این مقاله، کرانداری و فشردگی از فضاه Moreفرض کنید خودنگاشتی تحلیلی روی قرص واحد در صفحه مختلط ، یک عدد صحیح نامنفی و تابعی تحلیلی روی باشد. در این صورت برای تابع تحلیلی روی عملگر ترکیبی مشتق پذیر وزن دار به صورت تعریف می شود که . در این مقاله، کرانداری و فشردگی از فضاهای برگمن وزن دار با وزن های پذیرفتنی به فضاهای از نوع بلاخ را بررسی می کنیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Effect of Competitive Factors on Asymmetric Cost Behavior
Akbar Karimzadeh Nader Rezaei Zohreh Hajiha Rasoul AbdiPurpose: Cost management and resource consumption planning are among issues to deal with in management in order to create value for the agency under our direction. Yet, this subject requires full awareness of cost behavior and effective factors on that. Former studies a MorePurpose: Cost management and resource consumption planning are among issues to deal with in management in order to create value for the agency under our direction. Yet, this subject requires full awareness of cost behavior and effective factors on that. Former studies about asymmetric cost behavior mostly focused on internal factors while the managers consider both internal and external factors simultaneously when they want to make strategic decisions about costs. Therefore, in order to focus on external factors, this research studies the impact of competitive factors on asymmetric cost behavior in the companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange.Methods: The present study has a practical purpose and it is correlational in terms of method or nature. In order to achieve the research objectives, the data of financial statements of 167 corporations during 2010 to 2019 were explored. For hypothesis testing, multivariate regression with mixed data was used.Results: The results of research hypothesis testing indicate that competitive factors such as product differentiation, input cost, and market size do not have a significant impact on asymmetric behavior of selling, administrative and public costs.Conclusions: Active corporations in competitive industries have less control over product costs and may decrease the costs to maintain definite profitability and or minimize loss. Furthermore, active corporations in industries with high input cost have less tendency to invest on committed sources such as advertisement, research and development as well as selling, administrative, and public costs to avoid the entrance of potential competitors to this market and their achievement of long-term exclusive power. As a result, the managers of these corporations may decrease these costs when they have less selling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Sensitivity Analysis for Optimal Design of Multibody Systems with Clearance Joint
Saeed Ebrahimi Esmaeil Salahshoor Saeed Nouri -
Open Access Article
18 - The role of parents’ self differentiation in predicting high school students’ self differentiation
Fateme Asl dehghan hamid rezaeian faraji simin hosseinianThe purpose of this study was to explore the role of parent s’ self differentiation in predicting high schoolstudents’ self differentiation. The research was a descriptive correlational study. The population consisted of all high school students of Tehran. F MoreThe purpose of this study was to explore the role of parent s’ self differentiation in predicting high schoolstudents’ self differentiation. The research was a descriptive correlational study. The population consisted of all high school students of Tehran. For this study a random cluster sampling method was used and 283 high school students were selected. The participants and their parents completed the Differentiation of Self Inventory (short form; Drake, 2011). The results of stepwise regression showed that the component of emotional reactivity of fathers’ self-differentiation could predict their sons’ self-differentiation (15%), whereas the component of I position of mothers’ self-differentiation could predict their sons’ self-differentiation (7%). Regarding female students, it was revealed that fathers’ fusion with others (7%) and mothers’ emotional reactivity (5%) would affect the self-differentiation of them. Other Components of self- differentiation of parents showed no role in this anticipation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The Determination of the Share of Self-differentiation, Trust, Shame,and Guilt in the Prediction of Marital Adjustment
Salman zarei kiumars farahbakhsh masomeh esmaeiliThe aim of this study was to determine the share of self-differentiation, trust, shame, and guilt in the prediction of marital adjustment. The research method was correlational-survey and a total of 150 married women, who were teachers in Noorabad were selected via si MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the share of self-differentiation, trust, shame, and guilt in the prediction of marital adjustment. The research method was correlational-survey and a total of 150 married women, who were teachers in Noorabad were selected via simple accidental sampling method. Data was collected by Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI), Test of Self Conscious Affect (TOSCA-2), Trust Scale (TS), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) then data was analyzed via correlation, SD, frequency, mode and stepwise regression analysis. Results showed that marital adjustment has a significant relationship with self differentiation, trust and guilt (P < 0.01). Also the results showed that there is not a significant relationship between guilt and marital adjustment (P < 0.01). Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that the combination of self differentiation, trust and shame was significantly predictive of the variance of marital adjustment and predicted 35 percent of variance of marital adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis of Structural Relationships of Self-differentiation Training With Test Anxiety and Self-efficacy Beliefs
طهمورث آقاجانی سارا نعیمی بهزاد شوقیThe aim of the present research was the analysis the structural relationships of self-differentiation training with exam anxiety and self-efficacy beliefs among female students in Saveh city. The statistical Population of research included 470 female students in Saveh MoreThe aim of the present research was the analysis the structural relationships of self-differentiation training with exam anxiety and self-efficacy beliefs among female students in Saveh city. The statistical Population of research included 470 female students in Saveh city during the academic year of 2011-12 . By using Cochran formula and classified random sampling method, 114 students were considered as the sample size. Measuring tools were Self- Differentiation Questionnaire (DSI-R) (Skorown & Schmitt , 2003), Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Sarason, 1984), and Child and Adolescent Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEQ-C), (Muris, 2002). Data analysis was conducted by using structural equations modeling method and with Smart PlS2 and software Lisrel 8.8 in two parts. In the first part, technical characteristics of reliability , convergent validity, and divergent validity were examined and necessary corrections were made. In the second part, the significance of coefficients of software were used to evaluate the research hypotheses . The results showed that self-differentiation have significant effect on the degree of student anxiety (P < 0.01) and also the mediating role that self-efficacy plays in the relationship between self- differentiation and student anxiety. It may be said that self- differentiation have significant effects on self-efficacy (P < 0.01) and self-efficacy on the degree of exam anxiety (P < 0.01) . Also, all the sub hypotheses that measured the effect of self- differentiation dimensions ( emotional reactions, mingling with others, personal positions and emotional faulting ) on the degree of test anxiety were confirmed (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of assertiveness training on quality of life and differentiation of dormitory female university students
fateme poursadegh simindokht rezakhaniThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of assertiveness training on quality of life and differentiation in the female students of Islamic Azad University of Roudehen, who lived in dormitory. It was a quasi-experimental research involving pre- and post- MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of assertiveness training on quality of life and differentiation in the female students of Islamic Azad University of Roudehen, who lived in dormitory. It was a quasi-experimental research involving pre- and post-testing. The statistical population consisted of all female students who lived in the dormitory of Islamic Azad University of Roudehen during the second semester of academic year 2014-15. Thirtyfemale students who received low scores in The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale (Ware & Sherburne,1992) and the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSI-R) (Skowron& Friedlander,1998) were selected via convenience sampling and then were randomly placed into two equal-size groups: the experimental and the control group. The experimental group was trained on assertiveness as an independent variable in eight hour-long sessions (twice a week). The results of multivariate analysis of covarianceshowed that assertivenesstraining significantly affected quality of life and differentiation in the members of the experimental group. In other words, quality of life and differentiation were found out to be higher among the students who received assertiveness training in comparison to the ones who did not (p<0/01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Effect of Training Choice Theory Principles and Training ACT Principles on Self-differentiation in High School Students
Golnar Sadeghnia Mohammad Reza Zarbakhsh Bahri Shohreh Ghorban ShiroudiThis study aimed to compare the effect of training choice theory principles and training ACT principles on self-differentiation in high school students. The method was experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group and follow-up. The statistical population con MoreThis study aimed to compare the effect of training choice theory principles and training ACT principles on self-differentiation in high school students. The method was experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group and follow-up. The statistical population consisted all high school students in Rasht in academic year of 2019-2018. After assessing, 45 students who had self-differentiation below the cut-point were chosen and then randomly divided into three groups of 15, two intervention groups and a control group. For the first intervention group, the choice theory and for the second group ACT principals were taught in 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any training. After 3 month groups had follow-up. To determine the effect of the intervention program, a pre-test, post-test and follow-up were conducted using the Skowron & Schmitt (2003) Self-differentiation Test. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis. The findings showed that intervention groups were significantly different in the post-test, compared to the control group in self-differentiation. The rate of self-differentiation increase after intervention and the size of this increase was higher in the choice theory group. The result showed that choice theory training has greater effect than ACT training on increasing self-differentiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The role of interpersonal cognitive distortions, differentiation of self and interpersonal problems in predicting the organization of borderline personality in undergraduate student
Ghasem Askarizadeh masoud bagheri Maryam Arabnejd KhanukiBorderline personality disorder is characterized by features such as identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, fear of intimacy, and reality-testing deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of components of interpersonal cognitive dist MoreBorderline personality disorder is characterized by features such as identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, fear of intimacy, and reality-testing deficiencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of components of interpersonal cognitive distortions, differentiation of self and interpersonal problems in predicting of borderline personality. For data analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used. 318 undergraduate students were selected by random cluster sampling and filled the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions (Hamamci & Büyüköztürk, 2004), Differentiation of Self (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998), Interpersonal Problems (Barkham, Hardy & Startup, 1994), and Borderline Personality Scale (Leichsenring, 1999). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that among the components of cognitive distortions, the expectation of rejection (R2= 0.20), among the components of differentiation, emotional cutoff (R2=0.34), and among The components of interpersonal problems, aggression (R2=0/15), had the most role in explaining the borderline personality (p< 0/01), which in this study were presented as " triad spacing mechanism " in the borderline personality. Also in borderline personality organization in the component of identity diffusion, cut-off (R2=0/21) in defense mechanisms, reactivity (R2=0/22), in fear of intimacy, cut-off (R2=0/34) and in reality testing, misperception (R2=0/23), had a greater role in explanation (p< 0/01). Considering these dimensions can be useful in redefining borderline personality disorder as a distance personality in preventing and intervening in treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of differentiation, attachment styles and family functioning on couple burnout mediated by emotional intelligence
sanaz kahnamouei azam fattahi malek mirhashemiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of differentiation, attachment styles and family functioning on couple burnout by mediating emotional intelligence. The research method is correlation. The statistical population of the study was all couples livin MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of differentiation, attachment styles and family functioning on couple burnout by mediating emotional intelligence. The research method is correlation. The statistical population of the study was all couples living in Tabriz with at least 5 years of common life, who were 25 to 60 years old. In the present study, 600 (300 couples) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method (based on urban areas) in the first stage of the community. And if they have entry criteria including age range of 25-60 years; the duration of marriage is at least 5 years; lack of mental disorders; lack of experience in counseling and psychological interventions in the last two years; and willingness to participate in research voluntarily, was selected as research sample. Couple Burnout (Pines, 1996) Family Measurement(Epstein, Baldwin & Bishop, 1983), Attachment Styles (Bartholomew & Horowitz 1991), Emotional Intelligence (Bradberry and Greaves, 2005)and Differentiation Questionnaires (Skoworon & Fridlander, 1998)were used to collect data. Questionnaires were administered to 300 couple and data analysis was performed on 300 units (average scores of each couple). The results of path analysis showed that the components of differentiation have an indirect effect on marital boredom mediated by emotional intelligence(P< 0.05). Also Differentiation has a direct effect on boredom (P< 0.05). According to the results, components of family functioning have an indirect effect on marital boredom mediated by emotional intelligence(P< 0.05). Also components of family functioning have a direct effect on boredom(P< 0.05). According to the results, attachment styles have an indirect effect on marital boredom mediated by emotional intelligence(P< 0.05). Also, attachment styles have a direct effect on couple burnout(P< 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The study of prevailing curriculum approach of Shahed University faculty with regards to the nature of specialized courses and their educational level
shahrbano amery mahdi sobhaninejad akbar rahnamaThe aim of present research was to survey the dominant curriculum approach (Adaptation, development, and Fidility) of Shahed University faculties. The research community was 279 faculties of Shahed University in eight colleges that the 161 sample selected as statistical MoreThe aim of present research was to survey the dominant curriculum approach (Adaptation, development, and Fidility) of Shahed University faculties. The research community was 279 faculties of Shahed University in eight colleges that the 161 sample selected as statistical randomly estimation. The current research is conducted in descriptive-analytical method based on survey research and to collect data, scale of with Saad Shawer perspective as well as researcher-made questionnaire fit. Statistical analysis of data use to indicators such as mean, standard deviations and tests » one sample and independent t test», « F ANOVA, Tuky test, and Friedman«. Face and content validity of the instrument was approved and its reliability by the Cronbach alpha was 0.71 as well. The findings show that the scientific disciplines nature, the applied research extents and also updating training syllabus rate and the training curriculum content of doctoral courses implemented for faculties in their education process influenced on the formation of their using dominant curriculum approach and therefore faculties according to their field specialty and educational level stand in the range of specific observant training syllabus to active (Adaptation), in arena with college classroom curriculum planning(Fidility). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The study of the effect of quercetin on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells of sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) in the adult rats
Ali Ebrahimi Kazem Parivar nasim hayati roodbari Akram EidiThe presence of neural precursor stem cells (NSCs) in some parts of the adult brains and the potency of these types of cells for the acceleration of the proliferation and differentiation processes with a therapeutic viewpoint is another beneficial facet of the applicati MoreThe presence of neural precursor stem cells (NSCs) in some parts of the adult brains and the potency of these types of cells for the acceleration of the proliferation and differentiation processes with a therapeutic viewpoint is another beneficial facet of the application of neural precursor stem cells in cell biology. Quercetin, as an herbal flavonoid, has been extensively investigated and shown to have numerous effects on some cell-lines and disorders. We aimed to investigate the impact of quercetin, on proliferation and differentiation of NSCs derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult rat brains. The isolated SVZs were mechanically minced into pieces through repeated pipetting in phosphate-buffered saline, incubated with 0.25% trypsin and treated with trypsin inhibitor; then centrifuged to obtain the cell suspension. The obtained cell suspension was cultured for one week to achieve neurospheres. When the cells reached confluence of 70-80%, they were sub-cultured for three passages and in the third passage, quercetin was treated with the cultured cells at the concentrations of 1, 5, and 15 μM. Methods such as Real time-PCR, MTT assay and ImageJ software, have been used to validate differentiation and proliferation of cells. The results indicated that the differentiation rate of NSCs is affected by various concentrations of quercetin in a dose-dependent manner so that 1µM quercetin had the least, and 15µM quercetin showed the most effects on cell differentiation. However, 1µM quercetin exhibited no significant cell toxicity, the most antiproliferative potential showed when treated with 15µM concentration quercetin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the Process of Differentiation in Mysticism from beginning to the 9th century AH (Case study: Level and Completeness)
Mohsen Fasuniechi alireza mozafaritazehkand Abdolnaser NazarianiOne of the distinguishing features of Sufism from other sects has been the issue of flattery, which ironically has been one of the most controversial features of this group. In this research, we have studied the process of differentiation in mysticism with emphasis on t MoreOne of the distinguishing features of Sufism from other sects has been the issue of flattery, which ironically has been one of the most controversial features of this group. In this research, we have studied the process of differentiation in mysticism with emphasis on the phenomenon of Shath and Taamaat from the beginning to the ninth century (AH). The results show that although mystics initially resorted to certain customs and behaviors to distinguish themselve from other currents of thought, these distinctions were gradually criticized and opposed by both groups. A group that has used the special traditions of mystics as a pretext for its transgression in order to transcend the totality of mysticism, and another group of mystics who have tried to fight against these extremes and deny some behavioral and speech features. Thus, the wave of differentiation from mysticism had continued from the beginning of the formation of this current thought and became more and more intense and pervasive, since the mystics themselves, relying on critique within the discourse began to monitor and refine unusual customs. They practiced Mysticism, Shath and Taamaat were also attacked, and later, in their own interest and in order to protecting their original beliefs and fortifications, Shath and Taamaat, which were the hallmark of mysticism, due to its controversy and marginalization, were attacked. Sufis erased their speech and character of Taamaat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Study of the Effect of Diversification Strategy, Cost Leader-ship Strategies and Product Differentiation on Business Unit Value
Majid Davoudi Nasr Mohsen Cheraghi -
Open Access Article
29 - The Effectiveness Of Self-Differentiation Training On Friendship Relation In Girl Students
Hosein Amiritalab Ahmad EtemadiThis research was intended to study the effectiveness of self-differentiation training on friendship relation in girl students. The statistical population were consisted of the all Allameh Tabatabai University students. 20 subjects were selected as the sample through an MoreThis research was intended to study the effectiveness of self-differentiation training on friendship relation in girl students. The statistical population were consisted of the all Allameh Tabatabai University students. 20 subjects were selected as the sample through announcements and screening. The subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 10 individuals each. In order to control the variables interfering variables, factors such as being single, being female and having previous experience relating to the opposite sex were considered as criteria for sample selection. The experimental group was exposed to self-differentiation training for 8 sessions, an hour and half each and once a week. This research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group. In this study the Relationship Quality with Opposite Sex Questionnaire were used as data source. The results, using covariance analysis showed that self-differentiation training had a significant impact on friendship relation with opposite sex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Role Of Differentiation, Life Meaningfulness And Forgiveness in Predicting Marital Disaffection In The Married Female Students
Kobra Kazemian Moghaddam Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand Ali Reza Kiamanesh Simin HoseinianThe aim of this study was to determine the role of differentiation, meaningful life and forgiveness in predicting marital disaffection in the married female students of Islamic Azad University of Dezful. The research sample consisted of 256 married women that were rando MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the role of differentiation, meaningful life and forgiveness in predicting marital disaffection in the married female students of Islamic Azad University of Dezful. The research sample consisted of 256 married women that were randomly selected using random numbers table. The research was descriptive and correlational. The instruments of this study were Kayser’s Marital Disaffection Scale(1993) , Skowron’s Differentiation of Self Inventory—Revised, Batista and Almond(1973 Life- Regard Index(LRI) and Rye’s Forgiveness Questionnaire (2001). In order to analyze the data; correlation coefficient and multiple regression were implemented. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of differentiation, life meaningful and forgiveness with marital disaffection were negatively significant. In conclusion, the results showed that differentiation, life meaningful and forgiveness played significant role in explaining and predicting the variance of marital disaffection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Comparison of Effectiveness of Monotheistic Integrated Psychotherapy and Object Relations Psychotherapy on Self-Differentiation and Violence of Couples
Jaafar Noori Hamid Nejat Ebrahim Nameni Elham FariborziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of monotheistic integrated psychotherapy and object relations psychotherapy on self-differentiation and violence of couples in Mashhad. A sample of 30 subjects was selected by conve MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of effectiveness of monotheistic integrated psychotherapy and object relations psychotherapy on self-differentiation and violence of couples in Mashhad. A sample of 30 subjects was selected by convenience sampling methodfrom the mentioned population and randomly allocated in the two experimental groups( each group five pairs, totally20 subjects) and a five couples control group(10 subjects). The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test and post-test with the control group). In order to collect data, the Self-differentiation Questionnaire and Marital Violence Questionnaire were used. Interventions were performed on 2 groups in 10 sessions of biaxial weekly and the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that monotheistic integrated psychotherapy and object relations psychotherapy had significant effect on the self-differentiation and couples’ violence. The results also indicated that object relations psychotherapy treatment compared tomonotheistic integrated psychotherapy had a better effect on self-differentiation while the monotheistic integrated psychotherapy compared to object relations psychotherapy had a better effect on reducing marital violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Testing the Model of Marital Life Quality Through the Perception of Equity and Daily Spiritual Experiences by Mediation of Self Differentiation in Married Female Teachers
Leyla Sayahi Malikeh SayahiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the model of marital life quality through equity perception, and daily spiritual experiences mediated by self-differentiation among married female teachers of elementary schools in Ahvaz. The statistical population included m MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the model of marital life quality through equity perception, and daily spiritual experiences mediated by self-differentiation among married female teachers of elementary schools in Ahvaz. The statistical population included married female teachers of elementary schools in Ahvaz. The samples subsumed 200 participants whom were selected by multi-phase random sampling. The research was designed as correlational of structural equations type. To collect data Marital Quality Index (Nortoon, 1983), Measurement of Equity Perception (Perry, 2004), Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (Alipour et al., 2016) and Self-Determination Inventory (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998) were implemented. To analyze data structural equations analysis was applied. The results indicated that equity perception and daily spiritual experiences had direct significant impact on marital life quality. The findings also showed that equity perception and daily spiritual experiences had indirect significant impact on marital life quality through self-differentiation among married female teachers of elementary schools in Ahvaz. The evaluated model had an optimal goodness of fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Causal Relationship of Self-Differentiation and Marital Intimacy with Attitude to Crossover Relationships with Mediating Role of Marital Commitment in Women Referring to Psychological Centers
Pegah Safarzadeh Shirali Sasan BaviThe purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship among self-differentiation and marital intimacy with attitude to crossover relationships with marital commitment as mediator in women referring to psychological centers of Ahvaz city. The statistical p MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship among self-differentiation and marital intimacy with attitude to crossover relationships with marital commitment as mediator in women referring to psychological centers of Ahvaz city. The statistical population of the research included all women referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz city during 1398. 111 women were selected as sample via purposive sampling procedure. The research method was correlational path analysis type. To collect data Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale of Vitely (2006), Self-Differentiation Inventory of Skorn & Schmitt (2003), Marital Intimacy Scale of Thompson & Walker (1983), Marital Commitment Inventory of Adams & Jons (1997) were implemented. To analyze data descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis were applied the results showed that all direct relationships were significant except the relationship between self-differentiation with attitudes to crossover relationships (p < 0.05). There was also indirect and significant relationship between marital intimacy with attitudes to crossover relationships with the marital commitment as mediator role (p < 0.01), but there was not an indirect and significant relationship between self-differentiation with attitudes to crossover relationships with mediating role of marital commitment(p>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - A Comparison of the effectiveness of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) on differentiation of mothers with one child
Farahnaz Koranian Mokhtar Arefi Hasan AmiriThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on differentiation of mothers with one child. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental g MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on differentiation of mothers with one child. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups and a control group. The statistical population of the study included mothers of preschool single children in Kermanshah kindergartens in 2020. A total of 45 people were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group, equal to 15 people. Data were collected in pretest-posttest stages with Skowron (1998) differentiation scale. After performing the pre-test, the members of the experimental group participated separately in eight weekly 1.5-hour sessions of Bowenian family therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the effect of Bowenian family therapy and the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on differentiation in individuals is significant and stable (P<0.05). The results of Bonferroni test showed that due to the size of the differences, the effectiveness of Bowenian family therapy in comparison with other interventions on increasing differentiation and related components was higher. Both treatments can be effective in increasing maternal differentiation, however, Bowenian family therapy can be considered more effective than other interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Developing and testing of the causal model of students' tendency to addiction based on differentiation through alexithymia and responsibility
Shabnam Kamkar Noorali Farrokhi Hossein Salimi Bajestani mozhgan mardani radThe purpose of this study was to develop and test a causal model of students' tendency to addiction based on differentiation through alexithymia and responsibility. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included a MoreThe purpose of this study was to develop and test a causal model of students' tendency to addiction based on differentiation through alexithymia and responsibility. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all undergraduate students of Azad University units in Tehran in the academic year of 2018-19. Cluster sampling was used to select the sample under study, with 350 students being selected as the sample group. Research instruments included the the Wade and Butcher Addiction Scale (1992), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994), the Scorn and Friedlander Differentiation Scale (1998), Nemati Responsibility Scale (1387). They were. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation, tilting and elongation) and inferential (structural equation modeling) methods were used for data analysis using SPSS and Amos software. The results of the measurement model analysis showed that the factor structure of the research scales was acceptable. The results of the conceptual model test indicated that the fit indices of the research model were in good condition. The hypothesis regarding the indirect effect of differentiation on students' tendency to addiction through alexithymia and responsibility was confirmed (p <0.05). The findings of the study indicated that the conceptual model of the research was appropriate. Accordingly, in addiction treatment clinics, attention to antidepressant antecedents and differentiation is necessary to reduce the level of tendency to addiction. . Subsequent results of the study showed that the hypothesis regarding the indirect effect of differentiation on students' addiction tendency mediated by emotional malaise and responsibility was rejected by 95%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Examination relationship between Emotionalintelligence, social adjustmentanddifferentiationwith resilency in female studentsof RamhormzIslamic Azad University
Taiabeh Sarkohaki Rezvan HomaeiThe aim of this study the relationship between emotional intelligence, social adjustment and differentiation act with flexibility in female students of Ramhormz Islamic Azad University. The study sample included 200 offemale students of Islamic Azad University of MoreThe aim of this study the relationship between emotional intelligence, social adjustment and differentiation act with flexibility in female students of Ramhormz Islamic Azad University. The study sample included 200 offemale students of Islamic Azad University of RÄmhormoz that which were selected by random cluster sampling . Present research was correlation type.Datacollection toolsincluded: questionnaire of emotional intelligence (Petrides and Farnham, 2001), social adjustment (Pickel and Weissmann, 1999) , differentiation (Drake, 2011) flexibility, interaction (Kanrvdyvydsvn, 2003) . The datawere analyzedusingPearson correlationandmultiple regression in significant level 0/001. The results showedthatthere was a significant and positive relationshipbetween emotional intelligence, social adjustment and differentiation with resilency. The results ofmultiple regression analysisshowed multiple correlationbetween emotional intelligence, social adjustment and differentiation with resilency and social adjustmentweregoodpredictors of resilency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Explain the relationship between communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction and differentiation with marital intimacy
Zahra jani ali delavarThe aim of this study was to explain the relationship between communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction and differentiation with marital intimacy. The statistical population of this study included all married women who referred to health centers in Tehran in 1398.  MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the relationship between communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction and differentiation with marital intimacy. The statistical population of this study included all married women who referred to health centers in Tehran in 1398. 320 people were selected as a sample according to Morgan’s table, which finally considering the possible sample reduction, 350 married women were selected. The sampling method in this study was multistage cluster sampling. Edelson-Epstein (1981) Relational Belief Inventory, Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (1988), Scorne and Friedlander Differentiation Scale Differentiation of Self-Inventory (1998), and Marital intimacy questionnaire (1995) Couple Intimacy Questionnaire were used to collect data. Findings were analyzed using correlation statistical method in SPSS software version 22. The results showed that there was a direct and negative correlation (-0.145) between communication beliefs with couple intimacy and significant positive correlation (0.315) between sexual satisfaction and couple intimacy; although there is no significant relationship (0.006) between differentiation and couples intimacy at the level of p <0.01. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to promote couple’s intimacy, components such as communication beliefs, sexual satisfaction, and differentiation can be taught and reduced high divorce rate due to the lack of these skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Self-Differentiation and Really Therapy Training on Intimacy, Compatibility and Assertiveness of Married Women
Mehrdad Sasani Ghorban Fathi Aghdam Masuod RezazadehPurpose: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of self-differentiation and the reality therapy training on the intimacy و adaptation and assertiveness of the married women. Methodology: The research method was semi-experimental using a pre-test,post-test and f MorePurpose: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of self-differentiation and the reality therapy training on the intimacy و adaptation and assertiveness of the married women. Methodology: The research method was semi-experimental using a pre-test,post-test and follow up design with a control group.The community of society was all married women whose terms of marriage were under 5 years and their age were between 20 and 40 years in Tabriz city.A sample of 45 married women was selected available method and randomly assigned to two groups of experiments, a group for the treatment of reality therapy and a group for self-differentiation training (each group was 15) and a control group (15 people). To collect the data, the pre-test and post-test stages, Marital intimacy questionnaire (Bagarozzi, 2001), adaptation questionnaire (Spanier,1976) and assertiveness questionnaire (Gambbridge & Richie, 1975), were used. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings: The result showed that the self-differentiation and the reality therapy training is effective on the intimacy and adaptation and assertiveness of the married women. Also, based on the result, there is no significant difference between the efficacy of self-differentiation and the reality therapy on the intimacy and adaptation and assertive of the married women. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be stated that for those who have little intimacy, compatibility, and self-expression, use self-differentiation and reality therapy as a treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Comparison of Dimensions of Emotional Processing and Differentiation of Self in Students with Personality Types D and B
Behnaz Daraei fard Nasrullah Ansari NejadPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the dimensions of emotional processing and differentiation of self in students with personality types D and B. Methodology: The design of the present study was fundamental in terms of purpose and causal-comparative in terms MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the dimensions of emotional processing and differentiation of self in students with personality types D and B. Methodology: The design of the present study was fundamental in terms of purpose and causal-comparative in terms of method. The statistical population included all male and female undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Qods branch in the academic year 2020-2021. 60 students with personality type D and 60 students with personality type B were selected as the sample. According to Covid-19's disease conditions, participants responded virtually to the Baker et al. (2007) Emotional Processing Scale and Scorron and Friedlander (1988) self-differentiation checklist. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance and SPSS software version 25. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between all dimensions of emotional processing and self-differentiation between two groups of students with personality type D and personality type B (p>0.05). In other words, students with type D personality have healthy emotional processing and lower differentiation. Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested that due to the effective role of mental health in the emotional and psychological health of students, it is necessary to think of special measures to make it suitable in universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigation the Causal Relationships of Marital Commitment through Relationship Investment Model and Roots Development with Mediated of Emotional Processing Styles and Self-Differentiation
Leyli Amirsardari Ali Khademi Reza Tasbih Sazan MashhadiPurpose: The aim of this research was investigation the causal relationships of marital commitment through relationship investment model and roots development with mediated of emotional processing styles and self-differentiation. Methodology: This study was a descriptiv MorePurpose: The aim of this research was investigation the causal relationships of marital commitment through relationship investment model and roots development with mediated of emotional processing styles and self-differentiation. Methodology: This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was married male and female students of Islamic Azad University of Qazvin branch in the 2017-18 academic years with number 1416 people. The sample size was estimated based on Cochran's formula 302 people who were selected by cluster randomly sampling method. The research tools were the questionnaires of Adams and Jones marital commitment (1997), Result relationship investment model (1980), Young and Klosko parenting (1993), Baker and et all emotional processing styles (2007) and Drake self-differentiation (2011). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in Amos software. Findings: The findings showed that relationship investment model and roots development on emotional processing styles, self-differentiation and marital commitment had a direct and significant effect and emotional processing styles and self-differentiation on marital commitment had a direct and significant effect (p < 0.01). Also, the relationship investment model with mediated of emotional processing styles and self-differentiation on marital commitment and roots development with mediated of self-differentiation on marital commitment had an indirect and significant effect (p < 0.01), but roots development with mediated of emotional processing styles had not an indirect and significant effect (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of present study, to improve the marital commitment of married students can be designed programs to promote their relationship investment model, roots development, emotional processing styles and self-differentiation and implemented through workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Group Education of Premarital Counseling Concepts based on two Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches and Reality Therapy on Students' self-Differentiation
Sohrab Kahrizi Masomeh Beboodi Faride Dokanehi FardPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the difference between the effectiveness of group education of pre-marital counseling concepts based on two cognitive-behavioral approaches and reality therapy on students' own differentiation.Methods: This research is a q MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the difference between the effectiveness of group education of pre-marital counseling concepts based on two cognitive-behavioral approaches and reality therapy on students' own differentiation.Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental research and its research design is pre-test, post-test design with control group. The study population of this study is single students of Islamic Azad University, Imam Khomeini Memorial Branch in Shahreri and the number of samples studied is equal to 45 people. In order to collect information, the Self-Differentiation Questionnaire (DSI) and the group training course on the concepts of premarital counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach and reality therapy were used in 8 two-hour sessions to the subjects. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.Findings: The results show that group training on the concepts of premarital counseling with two conitive-behavioral approaches and reality therapy on increasing the differentiation of students themselves was significant, but these two training methods were not statistically significant in terms of effectiveness.Conclusion: Although both cognitive-behavioral pre-marital counseling and behavioral therapy training methods have a significant effect on increasing their differentiation, it does not matter which of these two training methods is used for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The mediating Role of Perceived Social Support and Differentiation in Explaining Structural Relationships between Psychological Capital and Psychological Well-Being of Students
Mohammad Hossein Saket Rahim Davari Hassan Pasha SharifiPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between psychological capital and psychological well-being by mediating perceived social support and differentiation of Islamic Azad University of Tehran province. Methodology: This stud MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between psychological capital and psychological well-being by mediating perceived social support and differentiation of Islamic Azad University of Tehran province. Methodology: This study was conducted using correlation method and structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all students of Azad University of Tehran in 1400. The sampling method was cluster sampling. The final sample was 426. Research Tools Included Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989), Luthans and Avillo Psychological Capitals (2007), Zimet et al.'s Perceived Social Support (1988) and Scorn and Friedlander's Own Differentiation (1998). Questionnaires were completed online and collected. It was found that the total path coefficient between psychological capital and psychological well-being was positive and was significant at the level of (P<.01, β=0.479).Indirect path coefficient between psychological capitals and psychological well-being (P<0.01, β= 0.274) was positive and was significant at the level of 0.01. Findings: The results showed that both mediating variables including perceived social support and self-differentiation positively and significantly mediated the relationship between psychological capitals and psychological well-being in students.Conclusion: It seems that teaching self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience plays an important role in students' psychological well-being and ultimately leads to their adaptability and happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The relationship between personality traits and self-differentiation with life satisfaction in couples applying for divorce in Malekan city.
Sakineh Norouzadeh Mohammad Azad AbdollahpourPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and self-differentiation with life satisfaction in couples seeking divorce in Malekan city. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and correlational study. Informatio MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and self-differentiation with life satisfaction in couples seeking divorce in Malekan city. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and correlational study. Information through its Differential Scale (DSI) Scorn and Friedlander (1998); the personality traits of Neo (FEO) (1986) and the Dynamic Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (SWLS) (1985) were collected. The statistical population of this study was a pair of life counseling centers in Malekan city (N = 120), and the statistical sample was selected as a census of 120 people. The sampling method was also targeted. To analyze and analyze the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the data distribution and Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression to test the hypotheses. Results: The present study was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population of this study was a pair of life counseling centers in Malekan city (N = 120) between October and March 2017, and the statistical sample was selected as a census of 120 people. The sampling method was also targeted. Information through its Differential Scale (DSI) Scorn and Friedlander (1998); the personality traits of Neo (FEO) (1986) and the Dynamic Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (SWLS) (1985) were collected. To analyze and analyze the data, using SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05 and using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to test the normality of data distribution and Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions were used to test the hypotheses. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the experiences of individuals in the main family and the importance of these experiences in the formation of later intimate relationships and marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The prediction domestic violence against women based on self-differentiation and family performance with Alexithymia mediation
toktam jafarzadeh Ali akbar soliemanian mohammad mohammadipouIntroduction: Domestic violence is the cause of most physical and psychological damages in women.The purpose of this study is to predict domestic violence against women based on self-differentiation and family performance with Alexithymia mediationin women visiting to c MoreIntroduction: Domestic violence is the cause of most physical and psychological damages in women.The purpose of this study is to predict domestic violence against women based on self-differentiation and family performance with Alexithymia mediationin women visiting to comprehensive urban health services centers in Bojnourd.MethodThis study is a correlational with structural equation modeling method and the statistical،population of all women referring to Bojnourd Comprehensive Health Services Centers in July to November 2019 is 1335.The sample size was estimated to be 250 by Cochran formula. The sampling method is available. In order to measure the research variables, domestic violence, Alexithymia, family performance, and family data were analyzed using Amos software, Self-assessment mediation test method, structural equation method, path analysis.Findings: The results showed that the coefficient of influence of self-differentiation level on mediation variable (Alexithymia) was -0.32 and the coefficient of influence of family function variable on mediation variable (Alexithymia) was 0.41 indirect effect of self-differentiation level and Family performance on violence against women is -0.16 and 0.21.Conclusion: Since the significance level of indirect effect is less than 0.01, it can be concluded that Alexithymia have a mediating role between family function and the level of self-differentiation with domestic violence against women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The effect of elementary school religious education based on content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of elementary school students
Zainab Ejlali hossein momeni mahmouei Marziye AaliThe purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to determine the effect of religious education based on the content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of sixth grade male students. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type, two s MoreThe purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to determine the effect of religious education based on the content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of sixth grade male students. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type, two sixth grade classes were selected by cluster sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Both groups answered their differentiation questionnaire (DSI) as a pre-test. Then the experimental group was exposed to 10 sessions of religious education based on the content approach (p4c), i.e. reflective content including philosophical themes (ontological, epistemological and value-oriented) suitable for Iranian Islamic children, and the control group did not receive any training. Then both groups responded to the post-test and the data was analyzed with the help of Spss24 software. The results of covariance analysis showed that religious education based on the content approach (p4c) is significant according to the differentiation test of the group effect (F = 12.39 and p = 0.030) and religious education based on the content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of the effect has it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The effect of self-expression education on increasing self-differentiation in female junior school students in the first region of Tehran
zhila hdidi abdallah shafieabadi mehdi zareeThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of self-expression education on increasing self-differentiation in female junior school students. The population consisted of all students studying at one of the schools located in the first region of Tehran.&nbs MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of self-expression education on increasing self-differentiation in female junior school students. The population consisted of all students studying at one of the schools located in the first region of Tehran. A sample of 32 was selected through multistage sampling technique. The data gathering instrument was self-differentiation questionnaire. The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of self-expression education. The control group received no instruction. Covariance was used to analyze the results. The self-differentiation of subjects who had received self-expression education had significant increase. The level of emotional reactivity among the experimental group was significantly low. The level of interpersonal infusion among the experimental group was lower to a significant level. There was no significant difference in emotional escape between the experimental and control group. It was also true in terms of self-status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Economic Growth of Regions of Ukraine in Conditions of Disproportional Regional Development
Svitlana Shults Liliia Simkiv Uliana Andrusiv Iryna Bilyk Nadiia Klym -
Open Access Article
48 - The role of self-differentiation and attachment styles in the prediction of marital intimacy
yousef ghasemi elham fathiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-differentiationand attachment styles in the prediction of marital intimacy in Zanjan city couples. The research method was correlation. All married couples living in Zanjan city in 2018 formed the statistical MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-differentiationand attachment styles in the prediction of marital intimacy in Zanjan city couples. The research method was correlation. All married couples living in Zanjan city in 2018 formed the statistical population of this study. The final sample consisted of 278 people selected by stepwise cluster sampling. The instruments of the Bagarozzi intimacy scale (2001), self-differentiated R-DSI revised questionnaire, Hazan and Shaver (1995), attachment style questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using p Stepwise multiple regression. The results showed that the outcomes and dimensions of it can not predict marital intimacy. Among attachment styles, only the avoidant attachment style could predict marital intimacy (R2 = 0.02). The findings of this study can be used to develop and implement educational and therapeutic programs in order to increase marital intimacy of couples. Key words: self-differentiation, attachment styles, marital intimacy, married couples Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Predicting marital conflicts based on early maladaptive schemas,difficulty in emotion regulation and differentiation in couples
Newsha Vaziri Atefeh Nezhadmohamad NamaghiThe aim of this study was to predict marital conflicts based on early maladaptive schemas, difficulty in emotion regulation and differentiation in couples referring to counseling centers. The research method was correlational and the statistical population of this study MoreThe aim of this study was to predict marital conflicts based on early maladaptive schemas, difficulty in emotion regulation and differentiation in couples referring to counseling centers. The research method was correlational and the statistical population of this study included couples who referred to counseling centers and 120 couples were selected using the available sampling method. The research data were collected using the revised marital conflict questionnaires MCQ-R, (2007), Young's Schema (third edition of the short form, 2005), difficulty in emotionally regulating DERS, (2004) and DSI's own differentiation (1998). The collected data was analyzed by statistical method of simultaneous and step-by-step regression analysis. The findings showed that the components of early maladaptive schemas did not have any significant effects on marital conflict. Also, among the difficult components of emotional regulation, the difficulty of controlling impulses and limited access to emotional regulation strategies, and among the components of self-differentiation, the components of my position, and cohabitation with others, predicted marital conflict predictions. According to the results, couples who are less differentiated have less flexibility, are more vulnerable to chronic marital anxiety, and are unable to use rational solutions to life's problems. The more difficult couples are to regulate their emotions and the less differentiated they are, the more prone they are to marital dissatisfaction and marital conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effectiveness of Systemic-Constructivist Couple Therapy on Alexithymia and Differentiation of Self among Women Hurt by Infidelity
saminah porhoseanali Azita afkhradeiThe present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of Systemic-Constructivist Couple Therapy (SCCT) on alexithymia and differentiation of self among women hurt by infidelity. The current study used quasi-experimental research method as well as pretest-posttest an MoreThe present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of Systemic-Constructivist Couple Therapy (SCCT) on alexithymia and differentiation of self among women hurt by infidelity. The current study used quasi-experimental research method as well as pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population included all infidelity hurt women referred to Counseling and Psychotherapy Center of Sirjan in 2018 which 30 women selected among them by goal-oriented sampling method (inclusion and exclusion criteria) and appointed into two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. Systemic-Constructivist Couple Therapy approach applied on experimental group in nine 2-hour sessions, two sessions a week; control group placed in waiting list. In order collect data Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) (1994) by Bagby and others and Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) (1982) by Skowron and Friedlander used in two pretest and posttest stages. Data analyzed by means of multivariate covariance analysis test. The findings of the study revealed that by controlling pretest effect, there is significant difference between experimental and control group in pretest mean scores regarding alexithymia and differentiation of self variables. Accruing to the result of the present study it is concluded that Systemic-Constructivist Couple Therapy influence on alexithymia reduction and differentiation of self increase as an effective interference among women hurt by infidelity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The mediating role of self- differentiation and forgiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and life satisfaction in married women.
roghieh Haji Rostamloo Abdolhasan Farhangi Reza HosseinpourLife satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, which positive psychology has paid special attention to in recent decades. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and MoreLife satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, which positive psychology has paid special attention to in recent decades. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and forgiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and life satisfaction in married women. This research was descriptive and correlational. Its statistical population included 798 married women in Tehran city, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method and used Diener's (1985) life satisfaction questionnaires, Luthans and Morgan's (2007) psychological capitals, Drake's individual differentiation (2011) and interpersonal forgiveness answered by Ehtshamzadeh et al. (2011). Structural equation method and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The results showed that psychological capital, self-differentiation and interpersonal forgiveness directly had a significant effect on life satisfaction (P < 0.05). In addition, these psychological capitals had an effect on life satisfaction indirectly and through the mediation of interpersonal forgiveness and self- differentiation (P < 0.05). The findings of this study can be used to create a solution to reduce the destructive effects of not being satisfied with life in married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The relationship between differentiation and the Desire for virtual space cyberspace with the tendency to divorce due to the mediating role of the main family health in divorce applicants
Seyed Mahdi Alavi Alavi Hoseyn MahoorThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of main family health in relation to differentiation and Desire for virtual space with a tendency to divorce in divorce applicants referred to the Welfare Intervention Center of Mashhad. This research was a MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of main family health in relation to differentiation and Desire for virtual space with a tendency to divorce in divorce applicants referred to the Welfare Intervention Center of Mashhad. This research was applied in terms of purpose by using the method of finding the field and using correlation and regression. The statistical population of this study consisted of all divorce applicants referred to the Mashhad Welfare Crisis Intervention Center in 1999. Using the Cochran's formula, 375 male and female divorce applicants participated in this study voluntarily. The questionnaires used in this study were: Self-differentiation (DSI) Scuron and Fridlender (2000 Hovestadt, Anderson, Piercy, Cochran, & Fine (1985) main family scale (1985) and Young's (1999) which Were distributed to the the sample group. Data were analyzed by statistical software and the results of the present study using structural equations showed that family health plays a mediating role in the relationship between differentiation and the to cyberspace with a tendency to divorce in divorce applicants (p <0.05). It also showed that differentiation and cyberspace are related to the health of the main family and the tendency to divorce.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Canonical Correlation Analysis of the Relationship between Self-Differentiation and Attachment Behavior in Couple Relationships with Sensation Seeking in Women with Tendency to Marital Infidelity
Fahime Kashefi Manouchehr Azkhosh Mohammad Saeed Khanjani Hakime AghaeiThe aim of this study will be to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlatio MoreThe aim of this study will be to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population of the present study was all married women who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran city in year 1401. In this study, according Convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected as samples and they were asked to fill in attitudes toward infidelity scale, sensation seeking scale, self-differentiation inventory short form and brief accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement scale of Sandberg. The collected data was analyzed using Canonical correlation. Findings showed that there was significant relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking (P<0/01). The results Canonical correlation showed that common variance of self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking was 57/6%. According to the findings of this research, psychologists and family counselors can learn about variables predicting sensation seeking, such as self-differentiation and attachment behavior in spouses' marital relationships, and by strengthening them, engage in marital counseling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Predicting Marital Satisfaction Based on Sexual Satisfaction, Distinction, and Thoughtful Thinking Among Young Couples in Isfahan
Akram Lotfi shavea Taqipoor Leila Sadat Masiri Fard Masiri Fard Khadijeh MoradiIntroduction: The relationship of marital satisfaction is one of the most important relationships that introduces the upbringing of the next generation, the psychological well-being of couples, and the independence of individuals themselves. The purpose of this study wa MoreIntroduction: The relationship of marital satisfaction is one of the most important relationships that introduces the upbringing of the next generation, the psychological well-being of couples, and the independence of individuals themselves. The purpose of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on sexual satisfaction, differentiation and definitive thinking among young couples in Isfahan. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all young couples in Isfahan who were married for less than 10 years, which was 7000. Based on Morgan's table, 364 people were selected by clustered and available sampling method. For data collection, Walter W. Hudson's marital satisfaction scales (1992), Hadson-Herison & Kouscap's sexual satisfaction (1981), Scorn & Friedlander’s differentiation of self-scales (1998) and the definitive thinking scale of Younesi and Mirafzal (1383) were used. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression. Findings: Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction (r = 343/0 p <0.05); there was a significant relationship between differentiation and marital satisfaction (0.05 p <205 / 0r =); There was a significant relationship between definitive thinking and marital satisfaction (r = 353 p <0.05); on the other hand, sexual satisfaction variable explained 12.5% of marital satisfaction changes; also, the definitive thinking variable An average of 4.2% of marital satisfaction changes. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, in order to improve the marital satisfaction of young couples, individual and group courses can be trained to adjust the differentiation and achieve sexual satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - پیش بینی کیفیت زندگی دانشجویان دختر براساس متغیرهای تمایز یافتگی و تاب آوری
حسن احدی افسانه علیزاده اصلی -
Open Access Article
56 - Study on the effect of aromatase inhibitors and antiestrogens on the sex differentiation of broiler chicks
E.A Valizadeh حسین JodeiriDuring the development of chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which thereafter creates the male or female phenotype. Differentiation of gonads during the period called “critical period for sexual differentiation “is MoreDuring the development of chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which thereafter creates the male or female phenotype. Differentiation of gonads during the period called “critical period for sexual differentiation “is accompanied with beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Every change in the rate of steroidal hormones concentration during this critical period, affects on the structure of gonads. Therefore, injection of aromatase inhibitors (which blocks the synthesis of estrogen from testostron) in 5th day of incubation into the eggs, causes the production of males with female genotype. These sex reversal females have bilateral testes with complete spermatogenesis, having normal physical appearance and behavior. In this study, 14-α-hydroxy 3,6,17, androstan-trion inhibitor (1mg/egg) was injected into the eggs. Furthermore, the effect of three anti-estrogens (which blocks the estrogen receptor) Tamoxifen, and Clomiphen Citrate and GAR79 were studied. Injection of aromatase inhibitors into the eggs during incubation period caused statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in production of males (%72 to %84) in comparison with control (%52/5 male). The results of this study showed that aromatase inhibitors affects on the sex differentiation of broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Investigating the impact of youth differentiation with the mediating role of hegemony on satisfaction with national identity among Iranian ethnic groups
Abbas Yousefi Sheikh Rabat Ali Hossein Hoseinzadeh Hossein Karimi Fard Fereydoun Akbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
58 - Earnings management, business strategy and bankruptcy risk
Mahdi Filsaraei Mohammadreza shoorvarzi Mahdi ZanganehCompetitiveness in the financial markets puts many companies at risk of bankruptcy and out of competition. This can cause concern for investors. Bankruptcy risk is mentioned as an important fact in the life cycle of modern business units that can lead to heavy economic MoreCompetitiveness in the financial markets puts many companies at risk of bankruptcy and out of competition. This can cause concern for investors. Bankruptcy risk is mentioned as an important fact in the life cycle of modern business units that can lead to heavy economic and social costs to shareholders, creditors, managers, employees and the economy as a whole. The key here is to identify the factors that can be used to predict the risk of bankruptcy in the near future. This research will be conducted with the question of whether accrued earnings management and the type of business strategy of the company can help shareholders and managers in predicting the risk of bankruptcy of the company? The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of business strategy on earnings management and bankruptcy risk in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of the present study, after applying some of the limitations in this study, consists of 140 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2914 to 2020. Multiple linear regression model has been used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study indicate that earnings management has a positive and significant effect on bankruptcy risk. The results also showed that cost leadership strategy has a significant negative effect on bankruptcy risk. In addition, the results showed that the product differentiation strategy has a significant negative effect on bankruptcy risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - A BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA FOR THIRD-ORDER INITIAL OR BOUNDARY VALUES PROBLEMS USING COLLOCATION METHOD
GAFAR TIAMIYU Abosede COLE KHADEEJAH AUDU -
Open Access Article
60 - Pancreatic Differentiation of Sox 17 Knock-in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Vitro
E. Chronowska -
Open Access Article
61 - اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی مهارکننده های آروماتاز بر بازدهی تولیدی جوجه های
ت. مکرمی ب. نویدشاد ن. هدایت ایوریق ف. میرزائی آقجه قشلاقتغییر نسبت­های جنسی جوجه­ های گوشتی دارای مزایای اقتصادی زیادی در صنعت طیور است. گنادها در جنین جوجه در مراحل اولیه قابلیت تبدیل به هر دو جنس (نر و ماده) را دار هستند. تمایز جنسی به دلیل بیان آروماتاز در گناد چپ در روزهای 6-5 دوره جنینی و تولید استروژن از تستستر Moreتغییر نسبت­های جنسی جوجه­ های گوشتی دارای مزایای اقتصادی زیادی در صنعت طیور است. گنادها در جنین جوجه در مراحل اولیه قابلیت تبدیل به هر دو جنس (نر و ماده) را دار هستند. تمایز جنسی به دلیل بیان آروماتاز در گناد چپ در روزهای 6-5 دوره جنینی و تولید استروژن از تستسترون انجام می­گیرد. مصرف مهارکننده ­های آروماتاز مانع سنتز استروژن در پرنده­ های ماده با ژنوتیپ ماده و تولید نرهایی با ژنوتیپ ماده می­ شود. در این مطالعه، اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی 0.1 میلی­گرم عصاره قارچ خوراکی، عصاره گزنه و فدرازول هیدروکلراید به عنوان مهارکننده آروماتاز در روز پنجم دوره جوجهکشی بر قابلیت جوجهدرآوری، تلفات جنینی و بازدهی تولیدی جوجه­های تفریخ شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که هیچ تفاوت معنیداری در قابلیت جوجه­درآوری، تلفات جنینی طی دوره جوجهکشی و وزن جوجه­های تفریخ شده وجود نداشت. مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن روزانه در جوجه­های تفریخ شده از گروههای تزریق شده با عصاره قارچ و فدرازول هیدروکلراید بالاتر از دو گروه دیگر بود (0.05>P). همچنین، تزریق درون تخم مرغی عصاره قارچ، عصاره گزنه یا فدرازول هیدروکلرابد اثری بر درصد لاشه و اندامهای داخلی ایجاد ننمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Explaining the role of technological innovation in the strategic position of the organization(Case of study: Esfahan ́s Mobarakeh Steel Company in Iran)
Manzar Sobhani Mehr Mohammad Mahmoodi MeymandConsidering the ever-increasing progress of various technologies and their importance for the survival and international competition of companies in various industries, it is very important to formulate and implement the correct and appropriate strategies of each organi MoreConsidering the ever-increasing progress of various technologies and their importance for the survival and international competition of companies in various industries, it is very important to formulate and implement the correct and appropriate strategies of each organization according to its special technological capacities and capabilities. This study aims to identify the technological innovation components of the organization and examine their role in the strategic position of the organization. For the present study, quantitative research method (questionnaire) and interview tool were used in order to extract part of the required information. The statistical community of the research is the Esfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company, and the experimental data were analyzed using structural equation modeling by Lisrel software. The results of this research show that there are positive and significant relationships between the components of technological innovation and the strategic position of the organization. In other words, for policymaking and improvement of technological innovation factors in organizations, appropriate strategies can be used for each of them. Therefore, in order to gain a superior competitive position, Esfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Complex must apply the factors of technological innovation at the same time using the right and appropriate strategies and be innovative and progressive. Also, a model was presented to investigate the relationship between the components, which was confirmed according to the research results. Based on the findings of this research, the output factors of technological innovation have the least effect on the cost strategy of this company compared to other components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Microscopic study of flower bud formation and development in almond
Ali Imani Samira Mofakhami Mehrabadiinitiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended wh Moreinitiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended when more than 50% of the dissected buds had pistils initiated. Bud samples were stored in solution FAA. For a detailed study the structure of meristem, tissues and reproductive and vegetative organs of the buds using histological procedure from buds fixed in FAA by microtome cuttings as thick slices 6µ. Results showed that flower induction (flatting of doming meristem) were done in 8, 18 and 31 August of 2007 in middle blooming cultivar (A93), early blooming cultivar (H-2) and late blooming cultivar (Ferragnes) respectively. Sepals primordia were stimulated in A93, H-2 and Ferragnes cultivars in 24 and 31 August and in 13 September, respectively. Petals primordial induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes cultivars were occurred in 13, 15 and 17 September of 2007, respectively. Stamens primordia induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident in that order 1, 10 and 20 October of 2007. The pistil primordium in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident 10, 21 and 31 October of 2007, respectively. Anthesis was observed in H -2, A93 and Ferragnes in 7 and 21 March and in 5 April 2008, respectively. In general, it was found that process floral formation stages in early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars particular the timing of flower induction between cultivars was not similar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Evaluation of adhession and viability of endometrial stem cells-derived osteoblast-like cells cultured on PLGA/HA scaffold
mojdeh salehi jafar ai nasrin lotfibakhshaiesh shiva irani سمیه ابراهیمی باروقIntroduction: The engineered tissue structure includes three components: cells, signaling pathway and scaffold. The polylactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) has attracted much attention due to their optimal properties because of using PLGA polymer and hydroxyap MoreIntroduction: The engineered tissue structure includes three components: cells, signaling pathway and scaffold. The polylactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) has attracted much attention due to their optimal properties because of using PLGA polymer and hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility effect of PLGA/HA scafffold on osteoblast differentiated from hEnSCs. We aimed to evallute the adhesin of cells on scaffolds. hEnSCs were isolated from human endometrium tissue and induced the osteogenic differentiation, then the differentiated cells were cultured on PLGA/HA synthetic scaffolds. A nanocomposite scaffolds based on PLGA/HA were fabricated by electrospinning methode and behavior of differentiated osteoblast cells was evaluated after seeding cells on this scaffold. Osteogenesis was investigated in terms of attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression. Morphogenic of cells in scaffold was evaluated by SEM and biocampatibility of this scaffold was confirmed by MTT assay. The alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed osteoblast differentiation. SEM studies showed that the surface properties of scaffold were desirable and the cells had the ability to attach and proliferate better on the nanocomposite scaffolds. It has been shown that the nanocomposite scaffolds have appropriate properties to support the attachment of differentiated osteoblast cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Study of Relationship between Environment, Marketing Strategy and Performance in Food Industries
Seyaed HamidrezaRezaei Nikoo Nader GharibnavazThis study aimed to assess relationship between environment, marketing strategy andperformance at business level in food industries. Thus, the method of this survey is a descriptiveone that follows a practical objective. This research contains 2 main assumptions and 9su MoreThis study aimed to assess relationship between environment, marketing strategy andperformance at business level in food industries. Thus, the method of this survey is a descriptiveone that follows a practical objective. This research contains 2 main assumptions and 9subsidiary assumptions. The target subjects of this research are managers, sales supervisors andsales professionals in the food industry. According to Cochran formula the sample size is 384.Questionnaire was used to collect data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used as normality testand Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. Data analysis wasdone by LISREL software. After analyzing the data, all hypotheses were accepted. According tothe result, attractiveness of the market, competitive position and aggressiveness, defensivenessand differentiation strategies had the most impact on performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Conceptualization of economic crimes and strategies to deal with them in the criminal policy of Iran and France
meysam imani naghmeh farhud Seyyed Yazdullah Taheri NesabBackground and purpose: Economic crimes are one of the most challenging issues in the world due to their impact on all levels of society, and Iran is no exception. Iran's economic environment, due to suffering from many injuries, compared to economic systems like France MoreBackground and purpose: Economic crimes are one of the most challenging issues in the world due to their impact on all levels of society, and Iran is no exception. Iran's economic environment, due to suffering from many injuries, compared to economic systems like France, creates a more favorable environment for committing economic crimes, the spread of economic crimes prevents the government from achieving its national goals in the field of economic security and general crimes. endangersMethod: The present research was carried out using a descriptive and analytical method.Findings and results: For the first time, the Islamic Penal Code has presented a concept of economic crime by the method of "limited explanation of examples". To some extent, it can be said that examples of economic crimes have been stated. The criticism of economic crimes in Iran's current criminal policy is that some crimes, such as securities market crimes, are excluded from the scope of the definition, and some crimes do not have an economic nature and can only be related to economic crimes. , such as not announcing the occurrence of these crimes by the official authorities, they are included in economic crimes. Contrary to French law, in Iran's criminal policy, especially from the point of view of formal rights, there is no coherent and regular approach and no differential regime has been considered to fight these crimes, and despite the specification of "Special Court for Economic Crimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Presenting the Postmodern Organizational Distinction Model on Consumer Self-Concept
samira gharib garkani Behrooz Ghasemi Soheil Sarmad SaidyNowadayes, consumers use consumption as a means of creating self-consept to express their identity in the social environment through the services they consume. For these consumers value cultural and symbolic are more important. The purpose of this study is to extract th MoreNowadayes, consumers use consumption as a means of creating self-consept to express their identity in the social environment through the services they consume. For these consumers value cultural and symbolic are more important. The purpose of this study is to extract the main indicators of differentiation in the banking industry in order to present the impact of marketing plans on consumers' self-concept as a model. the qualitative data were collected from interviews with experts and then, for validation of the model, the questionnaire field data was collected from clients of Mellat Bank Tehran branches. The method of data analysis in qualitative part is based on coding and on quantitative part is used some statistical software(SPSS, Lisrel and Smart PLS). The model test shows that the direct effect and power of the relationship between postmodern organization differentiation variables on customer self-concept was calculated 0.552 which is positive and significant. Therefore,with 95% confidence can be said that differentiating postmodern organizations has a significant impact on consumers' self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Investigating the Relationship Between Dark and Light Personality Traits and Emotional Differentiation with Life Satisfaction
Batoul Alipour gourand Masoumeh Azemoudeh Khalil Esmaielpour Seyed Davood Hosseini nasabThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between dark and light personality traits and emotional differentiation with life satisfaction. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population was those who were referred to health centers i MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between dark and light personality traits and emotional differentiation with life satisfaction. The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population was those who were referred to health centers in Tabriz in 2021 and 400 people were selected by convenience sampling. The Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diner et al, 1985), Johnson & Webster Dark Traits of Personality Questionnaire (2010), light triads of personality Questionnaire of Kaufman et al. (2019), DSI-SF self-differentiation questionnaire (Skowron and Friedlander, 1998), were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and multiple regression using SPSS software version 26. The results of the Pearson correlation test analysis showed; There is a direct and negative relationship between dark personality traits and life satisfaction. There is a direct and positive relationship between light personality traits and emotional differentiation and life satisfaction. the results of regression model analysis showed that 0.68 life satisfaction changes are explained by predictor variables and light triads of personality have more power among the research components in predicting life satisfaction. Therefore, the results of this study can have practical applications for the use of counselors and psychologists to have a significant impact on increasing life satisfaction by performing psychological interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Meta-analysis of Iranian society's tendency to manage the body
Tahereh Jahanparvar طاها عشایریThe body is a social category and a bio-cultural thing. In proportion to the culture and norm of society, the body also changes. In today's world, the body has become an important thing in social relations, social health and a cheerful lifestyle, as well as gaining soci MoreThe body is a social category and a bio-cultural thing. In proportion to the culture and norm of society, the body also changes. In today's world, the body has become an important thing in social relations, social health and a cheerful lifestyle, as well as gaining social status and approval. Social, the body has become more the focus of society, the current study using meta-analysis method seeks to investigate the reasons for the tendency of Iranian society to manage the body. The statistical population is 68 documents, of which 39 researches were selected by deliberate-judgmental method in the period of 1387 to 1400. Findings in the descriptive section show that in 1392, the most study (23%) was done in this period and was performed in Tehran (23%). Women were the main target of the study (69%) and the research method was cluster type (41%). The tendency to change in the body (body management) is high (35%), medium (29%) and low (36%). The effect size of studies from 39 studies indicates that media resources, cultural capital, social capital, capital, structural resources, consumption style, psychological factors, differentiation, socialization and underlying factors have a significant effect on Iranians' tendency to manage the body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - THE EFFECT OF THE EMERGENCY STATE ON THE LACK OF AN APPEAL STAGE IN THE SPECIAL COURTS OF ECONOMIC CRIMES
Sohrab Neshastehriz Mahmoud Malmir Masoud HeidaryFields and Aims: The process of differentiation of criminal procedure in the field of Economic criminality is due to factors such as globalization of criminal law, inability of the criminal justice system and inefficiency of traditional principles of criminal procedure MoreFields and Aims: The process of differentiation of criminal procedure in the field of Economic criminality is due to factors such as globalization of criminal law, inability of the criminal justice system and inefficiency of traditional principles of criminal procedure in responding successfully to it. In this process some of criteria such as specialization,rapidity and severity of the criminal response are followed. Approval of executive by-law on how to deal with major crimes disrupting the countries economic system which was approved on 29/09/2020 during the Economic War of post (JCPA) is one of the examples of this process, which according to Article 19 the majority of the rulings of courts subject to this article are final and despite severity of charges and convictions they lack appeal stage and sole purpose is to ensure execution of the sentence. This issue is not compatible with the recognition of the right to appeal as one of the principles of governing a fair trial.Methodology: the present Article has been done by descriptively-analytically method.Findings Conclusion: we have come to the conclusion that this issue is in the line with the criteria for describing the State of Emergency in some international documents and seems to be justifiable. Also, in the opinion of the authors it seems to be essential the recognition of the right to appeal against all rulings issued by-law in the courts subject to this regulation which is similar to that provided for in the Code of Criminal Procedure (2013) for Wartime Military Courts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - A comparative study response rate of firms with business strategies and cost leadership firms with different business strategies to the announcement, using the equations of structural failure
fatemeh zholanezhad Vahid BekhradinasabIn the present study the effect of the quality of corporate earnings announcements reaction ratio was investigated. Features strategies may lower the marginal cost sales with higher sales volumes, economies of scale and a major investment in facilities and physical asse MoreIn the present study the effect of the quality of corporate earnings announcements reaction ratio was investigated. Features strategies may lower the marginal cost sales with higher sales volumes, economies of scale and a major investment in facilities and physical assets named.Meanwhile, the differentiation strategy combined with high sales margins and the quality of the product and branding realized through investment in intangible assets such as investment in research and development and advertising is obtained. Characteristics of the above-mentioned double impact on investor reaction to the information published on the company's profits.The response rate in this study, a comparative study of companies with business strategies of cost leadership and firms with different business strategies to the announcement, has been using the equations of structural failure.In this regard, the 147 companies listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009 to 2015 were studied and estimated using econometric software testing hypotheses to be explored.Using the equations necessary structural failure was that if during the review announcement,In each sample is decreasing, breakpoints and found it to be rectified.The system indicates the sustainability Ascending announcement, the company adopted a business strategy that is cost leadership.The other results of the present study is that companies that strategy cost leadership to follow, announcement, they are generally only to companies that method of differentiation to adopt the changes better earnings your users of financial information Company to showcase.As a result, companies that adopt distinct strategies with diverse interpretation and fewer changes in investors' beliefs are associated.This cross-sectional study to improve the level of knowledge about the market reaction to the announcement, the changes will help.In addition, in this study the convergence of market reaction to the announcement, through changes in business strategies in a predictable situation is shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effect of Corporate Strategies on the Market Response to Earnings Announcements of Listed Companies of Tehran Stock and Exchange
mohammadali Mirzaei Emamchay fatemeh samadi MASOMEH LATIFINENMARANThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of corporate strategies on the market response to earnings announcements of listed companies of Tehran stock and exchange .The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of corporate strategies on the market response to MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of corporate strategies on the market response to earnings announcements of listed companies of Tehran stock and exchange .The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of corporate strategies on the market response to earnings announcements of listed companies of Tehran stock and exchange. This study was a descriptive-correlation and an applied research . The statistical l population of research consists of all companies listed in Tehran stock exchange market during 2010 to 2015 that a number of 118 companies were active in this period . Data of research was extracted from financial reports of companies and analyzed by regression models in panel data method . Findings showed that implementing the strategy of differentiation in products has direct effect on the market reaction to earnings announcements . Also the findings showed that increasing the level of cost leadership strategy, the market reaction to earnings announcement will increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Existence and uniqueness of solution of Schrodinger equation in extended Colombeau algebra
M. Alimohammady F. Fattahi -
Open Access Article
74 - The Effect of Embryonic Cartilaginous Tissue Extract on Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts
مرضیه رمضانی رمضان خان بابایی ویدا حجتیAllstem cells are originated from both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The most important adult stemcellsaremesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cellsare pluripotentandnon-hematopoietic cellswithahighdifferentiation potential.There arein thebone marrowand MoreAllstem cells are originated from both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The most important adult stemcellsaremesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cellsare pluripotentandnon-hematopoietic cellswithahighdifferentiation potential.There arein thebone marrowand otherskeletal tissues.Mesenchymalstem cellsderivedfrombone marroware capabledifferentiationto osteoblast, osteocyte,adipocyte, chondrocyte, tendonsand muscle cells underin vivoandin vitro.In vitro osteoblastic differentiation needs to a variety of factors, which creates condition similar to bone tissue microenvironment. In this study, the effects of embryonic cartilaginous tissue extract was studied to differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from mice bone marrow and cultured in flasks containing DMEM-F12, 100 andmu;g/ml streptomycin, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10% FBS.Mesenchymal stem cellswerepurifiedbyseveral passages, then cellswere affectedby 15day mouse cartilaginous tissue extraction. After21 days ofculture, Alizarin Red staining was usedfor the detection ofosteoblasticcells.Aftereffect of extraction, spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cellschange theirshapeAndmany appendages was observedincells. Alizarin Red staining has shown osteoblasticdifferentiation ofmesenchymal stem cells.Also osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells has confirmed morphogenic and osteogenic factors at cartilaginous tissue extracts of 15-day mouse embryo. Theresults express of osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.Therefore, it is used in vitro models of osteoblast differentiation and genetic diseases of bone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Evaluation of the Differentiation Potential of Human Theca Stem Cells to Oocyte-Like Cells in the Ovary of Women of Different Reproductive Ages
Seyedeh Nasim Mirbahari َAzam Dalman Fatemeh Hasani Mehdi TotonchiThe evidence about the existence and function of ovarian stem cells (OSCs) is increasing. In a previous study, we isolated human theca stem cells (hTSCs) from the ovary of a 19-year-old patient and differentiated them into oocyte-like cells (hOLCs) under induced conditi MoreThe evidence about the existence and function of ovarian stem cells (OSCs) is increasing. In a previous study, we isolated human theca stem cells (hTSCs) from the ovary of a 19-year-old patient and differentiated them into oocyte-like cells (hOLCs) under induced conditions. In this study, in order to prove the repeatability of this experiment as well as the presence of these cells in the ovaries of patients with higher reproductive age and their differentiation potential in-vitro, hTSCs were isolated from the ovaries of 20 and 38-year-old patients and their differentiation potential into hOLCs has been evaluated. In this experimental interventional study, based on the instructions of the previous study, hTSCs were isolated from small antral follicles with a size of 3 to 5 mm. These cells were cultured in six-well plates with A number of 5×104 cells per well in DMEM/F12 induction medium containing FBS, human follicular fluid, glutamine and pyruvate for 40 days. Then their development process was measured by assessing the morphology, size and viability. hTSCs were successfully isolated from ovarian tissue of 20 and 38-year-old patients and cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium containing growth factors (EGF, FGF, GDNF, etc.). After 12 days, hTSCs in both patients started to differentiate into hOLCs and their morphology changed from spindle-shaped to round. The size of hOLCs increased during the differentiation period in both patients (from 20-25 µm to 50 µm). The survival of hOLCs compared to hTSCs was similar in all three patients and did not differ significantly. hTSCs can be isolated from ovaries of women of different reproductive ages and there is no difference in their differentiation pattern to hOLCs in laboratory (in-vitro) conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Differentiation Effect of Exosomes Derived from Monocytes and Macrophages on Chitosan Alginate Drip Scaffolds
Nasrin Hosseini Javad Baharara Khadijeh Nejad Shahrokhabadi Saeedeh Zafar BalanezhadBone injuries are one of the challenges of medical science which costs a lot of money in the world for the treatment every year. Exosomes are nanovesicles which carry the proteins and genetic material into the target cell, which in turn, induces the proliferation, cell MoreBone injuries are one of the challenges of medical science which costs a lot of money in the world for the treatment every year. Exosomes are nanovesicles which carry the proteins and genetic material into the target cell, which in turn, induces the proliferation, cell survival, and differentiation in the recipient cell. These features make exosomes a proper differentiation factor. This study aimed to investigate the differentiating effect of exosomes derived from the monocytes and macrophages on chitosan alginate drip scaffolds. Chitosan-alginate scaffolds were made by drip method with fat stem cells. Monocytes were cultured, and the supernatant was collected, and the exosomes were collected by the ultracentrifugation. Exosomes were identified by DLS and SEM methods. The samples were treated, and then MTT and DAPI tests were performed. The osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase and real-time PCR. MTT results showed that the survival rate of differentiated cells with exosomes on days 7, 14, and 21 was increased compared to control group. Moreover, DAPI results showed no cell death in the treatment groups, and the results of the alkaline phosphatase test showed an increase with the control group, and also the results of real-time PCR increased the expression of genes BMP2/6, SMAD4 and differentiation genes Osc and Opn in the treatment group. This study showed that the exosomes derived from the monocytes and macrophages could cause survival and osteogenic differentiation of the fat mesenchymal cells in the chitosan alginate scaffold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Assessment of marital satisfaction based on resilience and self-differentiation
Ayda Ebad Por Sosan SaberAim: The marriage and marital relation satisfaction play an important role in the normal marital relationships. Important factors which have been noted and have a great impact on marital life are resilience and self-differentiation. This study aims to predict marital sa MoreAim: The marriage and marital relation satisfaction play an important role in the normal marital relationships. Important factors which have been noted and have a great impact on marital life are resilience and self-differentiation. This study aims to predict marital satisfaction in married women based on resilience and self-differentiation. The methodology of study is descriptive correlational type, and its statistic population includes all women who refereed to Sorosh, Sajad, Zaeem and Tarannom Zendegi counseling centers in the fall of 2014 in Tehran. 200 women who had inclusion criteria to refer to this center selected randomly using sampling techniques and answered to Asode, Khalili and Lavasani Marital Satisfaction Inventory (2010), Skowron & Schmitt Differentiation of Self Inventory (2003) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). Multiple regression is applied to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that resilience (β=0.320, P<0.05) and self-differentiation (β=0.092, P<0.05) are the predictors of marital satisfaction. Conclusion: Resilience and self-differentiation are important personal factors that can affect marital satisfaction in women. So, this may cause women to involve in lower physical and mental health and explain gender differences in this domain. However, more studies are essential to validate these results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Factor structure and validation of Self-Differentiation Inventory Short Form (SDI-SF)
mohsen rasoli mohamad hosein asodeh farzaneh tamrchi zahra hoseiniIntroduction: Self-differentiation as the core concept of Bowen’s family systems theory refers to individual’s ability of differentiating between affective and mind processes. In other words, achieving a degree of emotional independence so that one is able n MoreIntroduction: Self-differentiation as the core concept of Bowen’s family systems theory refers to individual’s ability of differentiating between affective and mind processes. In other words, achieving a degree of emotional independence so that one is able not be drawn in to the emotional pool of emotionally laden situations, and decides in an autonomous and rational manner. Purpose: The present study aimed at investigating the factor structure and validation of Drake et al.(2015) ’s Self-Differentiation Inventory Short Form (SDI-SF)in Iran. Method: Using convenience sampling procedure, a national sample of 1503 people( 433 males and 1070 females) whose age range was 14 to 62 for males and 18 to 59 for females was selected among internet social networks users. Then the selected users answered the electronic version of DSI-SF. Results: Using principal components method and Varimax rotation, five factors were extracted. So the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the inventory had a good fitness to the gathered data. In addition to checking for the content validity of the inventory, the reliability index was calculated(α= 0.741), showing an acceptable internal consistency. Discussion: the results of factor analysis confirmed the original factor structure of the inventory, the reliability indices were similar to the results of previous research. Therefore according to the results of the study SDI-SF is an reliable and valid measure for determining the level of self-differentiation in the Iranian population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Analysis of the relationship and the distinction between two types of emotional creativity and understanding of each other on the basis of itsagents
Dodaneh Asghari Nastaran SharifiAbstract: Analytical study on the relationship and distinction between two types of emotional creativity and cognitive factors that are each based on the population of high school students is bojnurd. The research with the hypothesis that emotional creativity and MoreAbstract: Analytical study on the relationship and distinction between two types of emotional creativity and cognitive factors that are each based on the population of high school students is bojnurd. The research with the hypothesis that emotional creativity and cognitive creativity are distinguished apart, yet together relationship have been done. The population included all male and female high school students (first period) is in the public high schools in the academic year 95-94 bojnurd had been studying Of the population, 126 males and 227 females were selected by cluster sampling stage. The method of correlation. Data collection also emotional creativity test is April and cognitive creativity Abedi. The results show that these two measures are distinct from each other, and their rod components communicate with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Prediction of coronavirus anxiety based on cognitive flexibility and self-differentiation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
shiva rahimzadegan Akbar atadokhtWith the advent of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), the lives and health of millions of people have been threatened. The epidemic n MoreWith the advent of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), the lives and health of millions of people have been threatened. The epidemic not only leads to high rates of death toll from viral infections, but has also led to the spread of psychological health problems throughout the world. Uncertainty and unpredictability of the outbreak of an infectious disease has a high potential for psychological fear of the disease transmission. The aim of the present research was to predict the coronavirus anxiety in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder based on cognitive flexibility and self-differentiation. For this purpose, in a correlational descriptive research, 86 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to counseling centers in Urmia sity in 2021 were selected by available sampling method and were evaluated in terms of coronavirus anxiety, cognitive flexibility and self-differentiation. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that there is a significant negative relationship between coronavirus anxiety, cognitive flexibility and self-differentiation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and cognitive flexibility and self-differentiation negatively predict the coronavirus anxiety. This research indicates the importance of protective role of the cognitive flexibility and self-differentiation variables against the anxiety caused by the outbreak of coronavirus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigating the Role of Self-Differentiation in Predicting Communication Patterns: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capitals
Mohammad Sharifi MohammadJavad Asghari EbrahimAbad Faezeh SalayaniEffective communication between couples is widely recognized as an effective component of a successful marital relationship, and marital dissatisfaction is the most common reason for couples to seek couple therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of se MoreEffective communication between couples is widely recognized as an effective component of a successful marital relationship, and marital dissatisfaction is the most common reason for couples to seek couple therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of self-differentiation through the mediating of psychological capitals in predicting communication patterns. This was a descriptive- correlational study. The sample consisted of 250 married women residing in Mashhad selected by convenience sampling method and they completed the Communication Patterns Questionnaire, Psychological Capitals Scale, and Differentiation of Self Inventory. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that psychological capitals were significantly correlated with constructive communication, demand/withdrawal communication, and mutual avoidance communication and also self-differentiation was related to constructive communication, demand/withdrawal communication, and mutual avoidance communication. The Bootstrap test also confirmed the mediating role of psychological capitals in the relationship between self-differentiation and communication patterns. Overall, the results of the present study showed that couples ‘communication patterns can be predicted through self-differentiation and psychological capitals and also self-differentiation is related to the couples ‘communication patterns with mediating psychological capitals. Psychological capitals are one of the variables affecting the quality of marital relationship and marital interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Mediating role of self- differentiation and forgiveness in the Relationship between Psychological capital and life Satisfaction in married Women.
roghieh haji rostamloo abdolhassan farhangi Reza HosseinpourLife satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, Has received special attention from positive psychology in recent decades The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and f MoreLife satisfaction is one of the most important factors of well-being and mental health, Has received special attention from positive psychology in recent decades The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of self-differentiation and forgiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and life satisfaction in married women. This research was descriptive and correlational. Its statistical population included 798 married women in Tehran city, who were selected by multi-stage sampling method. The research instruments included Diener's (1985) life satisfaction questionnaires, Luthans and Morgan's (2007) psychological capitals, Drake's individual differentiation (2011) and interpersonal forgiveness by Ehtshamzadeh et al. (2011). Structural equation method and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The results showed that psychological capital, self-differentiation and interpersonal forgiveness directly had a significant effect on life satisfaction (P < 0.05). In addition, these psychological capitals had an effect on life satisfaction indirectly and through the mediation of interpersonal forgiveness and self- differentiation (P < 0.05). The findings of this study can be used to create a solution to reduce the destructive effects of not being satisfied with life in married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Canonical Correlation Analysis of the Relationship between Self-Differentiation and Attachment Behavior in Couple Relationships with Sensation Seeking in Women with Tendency to Marital Infidelity
Fahime Kashefi Manouchehr Azkhosh Mohammad Saeed Khanjani Hakime AghaeiThe aim of this study was to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlation me MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate canonical correlation analysis of the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking in women with tendency to marital infidelity. The quantitative- correlation method was used. The statistical population of the present study included all married women who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran city in year 1401. In this study, through convenience sampling method, 200 people were selected as sample and they were asked to fill in attitudes toward infidelity scale, sensation seeking scale, self-differentiation inventory short form and brief accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement scale of Sandberg. The collected data was analyzed using Canonical correlation. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking (P<0/01). The of canonical correlation showed that common variance of self-differentiation and attachment behavior in couple relationships with sensation seeking was 57/6%. According to the findings of this research, psychologists and family counselors can learn about variables predicting sensation seeking, such as self-differentiation and attachment behavior in spouses' marital relationships, and by strengthening them, engage in marital counseling. Manuscript profile
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