• List of Articles AES

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Futures Studies of the Goals of the Anti-Daesh Coalition by Using Network Analysis Techniques
        MohamadReza Jamshidi Javad Tavasoli Noghabi Sayed Hasan Hoseini Mehran Keshtkar Toraj Eskandari
        America and its allies took steps to form a coalition and attacked the extremist positions after a long time of the violent extremist activities in South-West Asia, with specific goals as the fight against terrorism. However, the objectives of the action announced by th More
        America and its allies took steps to form a coalition and attacked the extremist positions after a long time of the violent extremist activities in South-West Asia, with specific goals as the fight against terrorism. However, the objectives of the action announced by them, but according to the previous records of America, these goals seem unrealistic and need to understand the real goals of the coalition and with the advice of the past through future study. Therefore, it is trying to determine to a large extent behind the main objectives in this study, with reference to the population of which consists of two categories: "Documentation, media interviews," and "experts". The data were extracted and analyzed using content analysis and exploration as the first population. After the data were categorized in several sections, and then send the questionnaire to the population to judge. Finally, it was recognized with a number of 13 important objective judgment of experts, using network analysis techniques and the use of software Super Decision analysis process. So the most important of them are "to weaken the powers of the Middle East"; "Israel's security" and "Re-penetration of America and its allies in the Middle East" Manuscript profile
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        2 - An Explanation on the Role of Physical Elements of Environment in the Security of Residential Complexes (Case study: Hamedan Residential Complexes)
        Sara Jalalian Farah Habib Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi
        Security is one of the main necessities of every society. From early Prehistoric cave-dwellers to medieval and modern cities, the organization of settlements has always tended to provide security as major human needs. Two different approaches is used in describing the c More
        Security is one of the main necessities of every society. From early Prehistoric cave-dwellers to medieval and modern cities, the organization of settlements has always tended to provide security as major human needs. Two different approaches is used in describing the concept of security; first, security in its objective form which in this dissertation tries to research about it, and it refers to maintenance of people life and property, it is related to crime prevention. In second approach, security refers to subjective concept. The hypothesis of this research is based on this issue that with using results of current researches in the field of relationship between environment and human behavior, it could be possible to formulate a model for crime prevention and improvement of security in building complexes. Universal approach of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED), is used as fundamental theory of this article. It is a different approach to preventing crime and can be said that the design and re-design of an environment may reduce crime opportunity. Four factors in this approach including surveillance, accessibility control, territoriality and image is used as important physical factors in security of residential complexes. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are used in two different parts of this research. In first part, qualitative approach is used for reviewing literature by context analysis and then with interpretation approach and comparative analysis method, this part of research tries to investigate the environmental factors in security of residential complexes. In second part, quantitative method is used for identification of physical elements which affects security in residential complexes of Hamedan. This step results in formulating a model by using interviews and questionnaires. For analyzing the conceptual model, the study used structured equity model by questionnaires in Likert scale answers. The results of analysis are interpreted by descriptive-analytic method. The results show that some physical elements are working through social elements and then affect security. The results of this article shows that some of physical features which are important in security issue, such as lighting, opening , body form, and green space are related to building complexes’ security. The results show that there is not any significant relationship between fence and gate and security of studied samples. Investigation about research findings shows that the physical features of fences and gates and behavioral habits of people as a cultural factor, are of the most important reasons of fading of fences and gates roles in securitization of Hamedan residential complexes. The results show the importance of residential complex periphery context in relation to complex security regarding the existence or the lack of appropriate physical context and the type of adjacent land-uses. The results introduce three level of major, median and minor in relation to building complexes security. City region, situation of building complexes in city and cultural factors are addressed in major level of security researches in building complexes. Urban fabric in median level and physical elements and environmental elements in minor level are addressed in security researches in building complexes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Iranian traditional home aesthetics: Recognition aesthetics elements based on Grounded Theory(Case Study: Yazd)
        Maryam Soleimani Kazem Mondegari
        The aesthetics is the quality of being pleasing, especially to look at, or someone or something that gives great pleasure, especially when looking at it. The conception for aesthetic is used in art, sociology, social psychology, and culture. Thus, aesthetic is one of th More
        The aesthetics is the quality of being pleasing, especially to look at, or someone or something that gives great pleasure, especially when looking at it. The conception for aesthetic is used in art, sociology, social psychology, and culture. Thus, aesthetic is one of the issues that are of concern to all human beings, and especially Architecture and urban planning designer. The factors that achieving it help to success and the functioning of a residential area. Therefore, considering the importance of addressing this issue and extract metrics, this study aims to provide aesthetic standards in the design of housing and residential areas consider to identify of an aesthetics elements of traditional houses in Yazd. Yazd has a rich architectural and historical importance. Therefore it could be fertile ground for recognizing the criteria of aesthetic in architecture. In order to achieve this goal, it tried based on Grounded theory method and identification that derived from the design of housing and residential areas on the aesthetics elements of the home that shaped based on the perception of the aesthetic of interviewees from the spaces. In this way in order to study first, seven examples of traditional houses in Yazd, used as Architectural College, which considered as case study, The continuous presence and personal observations and interviews realized in the deep and open with present residents of these houses that include 25 students and staff. Aesthetic elements of these houses identified by using a systematic method, Strauss and Corbin analyzed and explained in three opening, axial and selective coding. A study using grounded theory is likely to begin with a question, or even just with the collection of qualitative data. As researchers review the data collected, repeated ideas, concepts or elements become apparent, and tagged with codes, which have been extracted from the data. As more data is collected and as data is re-reviewed, codes can be grouped into concepts and then into categories. Finally, in order to further the validity of research results, research findings obtained from field studies in comparative comparison put by the concepts and principles. The results show that four general agents such as: A) Effects on aesthetic of nature, such as the manifestation of the trees, sky, water, clay and effects of light. B) The manifestation of unification by using simplicity, arrangement, symmetry, rhythm, concentration geometry, duplication, using proportion; C) Emphasis on the effects of space on the observer(attention to depth watch in different views) by creating virtual images in water, creating consecutive views and using customary decorations D) The emphasis on meaning through symbolic elements and the concept of the amazing memories (The possibility of The manifestation of mind familiar phenomena from the perspective of these houses present residents were reconditioned by creating niches). It is noted that each of these elements have been achieved through the factors that have been detailed expressed during the investigation. The results obtained in this study can be followed as a new research for affirming theories obtained in this paper. Manuscript profile
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        4 - Assessment of the Factors Affecting Aesthetic Quality in Urban Housing (Case Study: Jamal Abad)
        Afsaneh Masumi Maryam Ghalambor Dezfuly
        10.30495/hoviatshahr.2020.15936
        Throughout human history, beauty has always been at the center of individual needs. Getting to a desirable and beautiful environment is the expectation that every citizen has from the environment. Today, due to urbanization and modern-life and the provision of housing, More
        Throughout human history, beauty has always been at the center of individual needs. Getting to a desirable and beautiful environment is the expectation that every citizen has from the environment. Today, due to urbanization and modern-life and the provision of housing, the aesthetic aspect of urban spaces and housing has been neglected and more attention has been paid to functional and economic dimensions. This is descriptive-analytic research, based on the fundamental-practical purpose. Information gathering of this research refers to using qualitative and content-based exploratory studies. The purpose of this research is to achieve the principles and criteria for designing urban housing and beautiful residential environment. In this regard, because of overlooking the building's interior in urban design, in this research, the domain of design refers to its structure and its features studied on a micro-level. On the other hand, the quality of the building and surrounding environment that correspond to the residential area studied in a macro level. According to the structure of the Maslow neighborhood pyramid, the neighborhood must  satisfy the basic needs of its inhabitants, such as shelter demanding, the provision of basic and daily needs, easy and convenient access to services. Finally, the neighborhood should be pleasing and attractive. Beauty is not just in the bodywork and facade of the buildings. Not only is objective beauty but also it would be a mental one.  This leads to paying more attention to the memories, values, identities, partnerships and social interactions, increasing in the human mind. This research indicates that the feeling of beauty is not restricted to the environment. However, beauty should include all the dimensions of the constructive space, which are physical, functional, social, perceptual, and environmental. Beauty is understandable and sensible in both objective and subjective dimensions. This shows that beauty includes three dimensions of structural, sensory and mental features. In beautiful structure dimension if the principles, rules and common features of beautiful phenomena reproduce properly, an artificial phenomenon, the phenomenon will be built to beauty. In the sensual aspect of beauty, beauty is not only limited to the visual world, but it is perceived through the five senses. Moreover, the subjective beauty of the factors affecting the perception of beauty in the mind, such as cultures, values, inherent sensitivities, etc. The results of the research demonstrate that the availability of the aesthetics qualification in the dimensions of the constructive space, known as physical, functional, social, perceptual and environmental, is necessary to have indicators in this dimension. Therefore, through these indicators, beauty can be felt in all dimensions of the space constructor and these beauties are objective and subjective. Manuscript profile
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        5 - Evaluation of Aesthetics and Place Identity
        Behnaz Aminzadeh
             The shortage of theories and research in the field of urban design aesthetics have caused that the creation of beautiful landscape in cities to be regarded as a marginal and selective subject, depending on individual and personal tastes of the c More
             The shortage of theories and research in the field of urban design aesthetics have caused that the creation of beautiful landscape in cities to be regarded as a marginal and selective subject, depending on individual and personal tastes of the clients and designers. In related literature, the studies about the evaluation of urban aesthetics have been focused on the experts’ opinion about the beauty, and thus people's preferences of urban aesthetics are usually ignored. Galindo’s research (2005) is one of the few studies which establish connections between environmental meanings and urban aesthetics by using the people’s opinion about their environments. He introduces variables such as visual wealth, light, originality, and place memories as the most important variables of beautiful urban landscapes.     This study is an attempt to demonstrate the people aesthetic preferences and its relation to the identity of place. In evaluating people’s preferences we are looking for the “beauty in the eye of beholder”, and thus the evaluation is involved in the perception of beauty and the emotion people have for their living places. Four hundred residents of the district of Navab (old and new fabrics) interviewed according to a visual test (Q-sort). The findings show that there is no considerable differences between the criteria regarding beautiful landscape and those involving sense of place; it is also recognized that for both beauty and identity the objective criteria are cited more than subjective criteria by the respondents.     In detail, the result of people preferences about beauty can be summarized as below: Objective variables related to the physical appearance of the landscape are more effective than subjective variables such as beliefs and values about the place. The design of the building façade has been the most important criterion in evaluating beauty. Beautiful landscapes are mostly selected from new designed fabric of Navab. There is a public consensus in selecting desirable landscapes. Characteristics of the best three selected landscapes are their clarity of form, function, and structure. They all have a strong social context.     The results about preferences for identity shows that: Objective criteria are more notable than subjective ones. Familiarity with place is the important criterion of identity; it obtained the highest rank among other variables. Three higher landscapes which constituted the highest percent of preferences have special characteristics. All are landmarks with distinctive social context and hold clear forms and functions. According to the opinions of residents of both old and new fabrics, the new fabric is more identifiable. Although the reason for this selection is residents’ familiarity with space (place identification instead of place identity) but it demonstrates how much the designed environment (as an expert product), influences the people’s preferences of place. It comes to the conclusion that a professional work holds an inherent value for people. This issue should be regarded by those who participate in designing and making decisions about cities. It seems a participatory place making, supports and enhances the compatibility between built form and the people’s preferences. Manuscript profile
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        6 - The Role of Borderline-Hybrid Space in Signifying Process: Evaluation of Interpretation Potentiality of the Space Employing Semiotic Approach
        Shervin Mirshahzadeh Seyed Gholamreza Eslami Alireza Einifar
         Considering aesthetic manifestation in architecture based on the local culture, is a matter of significance because it demystifies the mystery of the potentiality of the past architectural instances in impressing the observer and leading him to aesthetic experienc More
         Considering aesthetic manifestation in architecture based on the local culture, is a matter of significance because it demystifies the mystery of the potentiality of the past architectural instances in impressing the observer and leading him to aesthetic experience. In other words the way beauty has been manifested in Iranian architecture reveals some aesthetic qualities that will result in obsever’s spiritual pleasure. Thus recognizing the continual, polished and enriched characteristics of the space that bring about such an impression, is an issue that the present study is to investigate through the analysis of architectural evidences and through opening a new window .It is to achieve the aspects that are pleasant and enjoyable and can be reproducible.  Perception of beauty, as an issue resulted from the interaction of architectural space and observer, emphasizes the characteristics that make the space capable of impressing the observer and rousing aesthetics experience within him. The outcomes of the present research reveal that this concept has been manifested in Iranian architecture through creating borderline- hybrid spaces. These are the space that the present study is to reach their efficient and effective characteristics in terms of sensory, formal and symbolic values, applying semiotic approach. Parallel to that, architectural instances of Iran are analyzed from two aspects to recognize the functional characteristics of the space; first from the opposite view (facet) and then from the roof view (plan). Thus the turning point of the spatial structure of the architectural instances are examined in terms of form and space; the spaces that are considered as the signifying base according to semiotics. Then the mentioned spaces are analyzed from three aspects. First according to the used elements (whether natural and abstract) such as water, light, vegetation, breeze, sky, second according to form and space qualities, and then according to their functions in spatial interrelation of the whole complex. Therefore the factors which can involve the observer of the space in various levels of meaning in signifying process are investigated in this level of reading. Then to evaluate the maximum interpretation potentiality of the space in spatial instances of Iranian architecture, Chehel Sotoon palace and Eyvan-e-Hasht Behesht from the complex of historical places during the reign of  Saffavi in Isfahan are scanned. These are the spaces that are capable of involving the observer’s culture and world view in this level of interpretation. They can also provide the observer with more sublime level of meaning in semiotic reading of the space.  Thus the semiotic reading of the spatial instances of Iranian architecture depicts that employing natural, pseudo natural and abstract elements in space turning point not only creates a pleasant emotional experience for the observer but also, by using the tactic of metaphor and allegory, can elevate him from natural and material world through the signifying process and as a result of generating the possibility of watching an unreal subject offer a cause of wonder and thus provide the context for the emergence of a positive aesthetic experience. Manuscript profile
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        7 - The Role of Structure in the Aesthetics of Contemporary Architecture
        ajhang baghaee
              There is a well known relationship between architectural form and structure in Persian, Gothic and vernacular architecture in general. But contemporary evolutions in architecture had made this relationship lead to new aspects, which in tur More
              There is a well known relationship between architectural form and structure in Persian, Gothic and vernacular architecture in general. But contemporary evolutions in architecture had made this relationship lead to new aspects, which in turn, can be utilized as a method in designing more stunning, firm buildings. In this essay various examples are examined to distinguish this method and the relationship. Without doubt, architectural space is intertwined with city image and expresses visual characteristics. A designer should be able to understand structure and its characters in order to utilize them in his design process. Thus 1-forming of an architectural space is simultaneous with its structure 2- semantics and symbolism so that structural form will serve as an underlying format for architectural splendor sought through design. This method depicts a nouvelle form of sculpture that is the delight and utility achieved through creativity in structural design, architectural form and construction technique.       Structure can made architecture as an important role of aesthetics in a new way in texture of contemporary cities and improve the quality of visional life in cities .At first we have to recreat and explore the methods which can prove it. So we can design architecture with new strucuture.   Manuscript profile
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        8 - The Aes‌thetical Perception of Residences in the North and South of the City regarding Residential Building Facades
        Reza Jafariha Media Daneshkar Arasteh Bahareh Pourali MohammadMehdi Moulaii
        10.30495/ijaud.2022.18035
        Manuscript profile
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        9 - The Role of Structure in the Aesthetic Creation of Architectural Space
        Fatemeh Nejati Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi
        Manuscript profile
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        10 - Accompaniment of Natural and Artificial Urban Elements in the Creation of Urban Aesthetics (Case of Study: Isfahan City)
        Sajjad Mohammad Yarzadeh Behnoosh Shamsollahi
        Manuscript profile
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        11 - Identifying economic and cultural criteria affecting aesthetic values using Delphi approach and public questionnaire in Gorgan city
        Somayeh Amirian Marjan Mohammadzadeh Hamed Mirkarimi Sepideh Saeidi
        10.30495/jrnr.2023.70702.10275
        Landscape aesthetic value is one of the ecosystem services, which has many social and economic benefits for the society and the residents. Therefore, identifying the economic and cultural criteria affecting aesthetic values by considering the experts and stakeholders pe More
        Landscape aesthetic value is one of the ecosystem services, which has many social and economic benefits for the society and the residents. Therefore, identifying the economic and cultural criteria affecting aesthetic values by considering the experts and stakeholders perspective in order to assess and evaluate the aesthetic value is very important. The purpose of this research is to identify economic and cultural criteria affecting aesthetic values regarding the experts’ perspective and to examine the role of these criteria by considering the residents view of five districts of Gorgan city. The Delphi method was used to identify these criteria and using a public questionnaire, the role of these criteria on increasing the aesthetic quality of the study area was investigated. According to the results of the Delphi method, nine factors, including the cultural and historical heritage in the region, the number of visitors of natural areas, the existence of man-made tourism areas, the level of people's attitude and knowledge towards environmental protection, infrastructure and welfare services, environmental quality, urban design, safety and security were recognized as the most important economic and cultural criteria affecting the aesthetic values of Gorgan city. The results of surveying of the selected economic and cultural criteria in the public questionnaire showed that, the desirability of the studied districts is decreasing from South Estrabad, Roshan Abad, Qoroq, North Estrabad to Angirab according to public attitudes. The results of this research showed that considering the stakeholders perspective along with the expert’s opinion to determine the economic and cultural criteria can encourage residents and managers to better protection of the aesthetic values of the region. Manuscript profile
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        12 - A comparison of different heuristic, mathematical, and intelligent methods in urban landscape aesthetic evaluation (Case study: Gorgan city)
        Sepideh Saeidi seyed hamed mirkarimi marjan mohamadzadeh abdoulrasoul salman mahini
        10.30495/jrnr.2022.70051.10269
        In today's era, human interventions have caused chaos in landscape patterns and degradation in landscape quality. Therefore, identifying landscape aesthetic beauty, and also fundamental planning and valuable areas, and proper planning and design in order to protect and More
        In today's era, human interventions have caused chaos in landscape patterns and degradation in landscape quality. Therefore, identifying landscape aesthetic beauty, and also fundamental planning and valuable areas, and proper planning and design in order to protect and promote the aesthetic value seem to be necessary and unavoidable. In this research, the aim is to investigate the performance of various experimental methods (multi-criteria evaluation using weighted linear combination), mathematical (logistic regression), and intelligent (neural network)) in estimating the suitability of the aesthetic value of Gorgan city. After theoretical studies and determination of effective criteria, mapping and standardization of the criteria were done and finally, the map of aesthetic-value suitability was prepared based on the methods of weighted linear combination, neural network, and logistic regression. In order to evaluate the performance of different methods and choose the optimal method, ground control points and ROC validation methods were used. The results showed that in the map resulting from the weighted linear combination method, a large part of the data was lost as a result of the linear combination of layers and weighting, and the neural network method with intelligent performance and the ability to combine and analyze non-linearly compared to the weighted linear combination method and also performing back and forth analysis compared to the logistic regression method, better separates the value of the studied area. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that when there is little knowledge about the studied area and it is not possible to conduct field surveys to record valuable points of view, performing the weighted linear combination method can be a solution, but if it is possible to conduct field surveys to prepare a map of real educational samples as a dependent variable, more accurate results can be obtained with the help of the neural network method and logistic regression, more accurate results can be achieved, and in the meantime, the intelligent neural network method has a higher ability to distinguish the values of the environment image. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Culture and Art in Wittgenstein's Philosophy
        دکتر سروش دباغ تکتم فرمانفرمایی
        Wittgenstein's account of philosophy and the researches performed by him in thefield of human behavior has got vast consequences on humanities and the studies onhuman being as a social and cultural creature. As the study of these phenomena is, infact, the study of volun More
        Wittgenstein's account of philosophy and the researches performed by him in thefield of human behavior has got vast consequences on humanities and the studies onhuman being as a social and cultural creature. As the study of these phenomena is, infact, the study of voluntary behavior of human being-any behavior subsumes undernorms and criteria which have certain rules and normative constrains, having haddefinite reasons for producing and consuming these productions- Wittgenstein 'sphilosophy could provide a convincing philosophical and logical background toexplain the impact of culture on creating an artwork.Method of this research is documentary and the results are obtained from thedocuments which are gleaned from Wittgenstein’s philosophical system.According to later Wittgenstein, language is the context of the emergence ofcultural and social phenomena, and art, as a language, is related to the culture and theform of life of a linguistic community .So the creation of an artwork occurs in acultural context. Manuscript profile
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        14 - An exploration on anthropology-urban semiotics and its role in urban spaces readability (A case study of Esfahan City)
        Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Sajjad Mohammad Yarzadeh Behnoosh Shamsollahi
        Manuscript profile
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        15 - The Scope of the Concept of Beauty in the Bible and Its Impact on Aquinas's Aesthetics
        هادی ربیعی
        Among different sources the one which made a considerable impactupon Aquinas’ aesthetics is the teachings of the Bible. Aquinas hasalways tried to prove that these teachings are compatible withphilosophical thought’s achievements on God, universe and human.T More
        Among different sources the one which made a considerable impactupon Aquinas’ aesthetics is the teachings of the Bible. Aquinas hasalways tried to prove that these teachings are compatible withphilosophical thought’s achievements on God, universe and human.This idea is also applicable to aesthetics. This article is to validate theclaim about existence of several words in the Bible which are translatedas "beauty" and are referring to different dimensions of meaning.Accordingly, variant and different referents about beauty can be foundin the Bible. In this respect, the discussion of beauty explores a largedimension of meaning in Aquinas’ perspective. The most importantaesthetic referents in the Bible include the beauty of God the Sun as thesecond person of trinity, beauty of universe and beauty of human.Accordingly, we are encountering the same variety of beauty inAquinas’s aesthetics. In respect of appointing referents of beauty, thesort of relation and their relationship with each other, and theirclassification, Aquinas has considerably followed the Holy Bible’steachings and has matched his ideas with. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Assessment of Schiller's Critique on Kant's Aesthetics
        مریم بختیاریان مجید اکبری
        Friedrich Schiller was in his aesthetic reflexions inspired by Kant'sCritique of Judgment,. Albeit, he is generally recognized as Kantianphilosopher, he was not satisfied of Kant's philosophy, because ofappreahending deep gab between realm of nesessity and freedom.Which More
        Friedrich Schiller was in his aesthetic reflexions inspired by Kant'sCritique of Judgment,. Albeit, he is generally recognized as Kantianphilosopher, he was not satisfied of Kant's philosophy, because ofappreahending deep gab between realm of nesessity and freedom.Which seens to exist among human's mental faculties made himdissatisfied. Therefore he intended to modify some aspects ofKant's aesthetics. In order to overcome on Kant's dualism and hisoppositional dicotomy, Schiller came up with some harmonizingtools. Reflecting on Kant's transcendental deduction, leaded him tothe perception of the beauty as only medium for harmonizeing andsynthetizing human's rupture. He criticized Kant's subjectiveattitude to beauty and suggested the objective one, which namedfreedom in appearance. He refuted Kantian distinction between therealm of aesthetics and of ethics; and maintained that human beingneeds some preliminaries for making him moral person education.These prequisites would be provided by aesthetics education. Theresult would be convergance of the realm of aesthetics to the realmof ethics Manuscript profile
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        17 - Monroe Beardsley''''s On the Status of Aesthetics Object in Art Criticism
        Mahdieh Alsadat Sajadian Maryam Bakhtiarian
        In modern times, with the avant-garde movement, recognizing the aesthetics object from a non- aesthetics object is difficult or impossible. Beardsley is one of the formalist philosophers who seeks to define the aesthetic object in order to make a difference between art More
        In modern times, with the avant-garde movement, recognizing the aesthetics object from a non- aesthetics object is difficult or impossible. Beardsley is one of the formalist philosophers who seeks to define the aesthetic object in order to make a difference between art and non-art. He first of all distinguishes aesthetic object from other aspects, such as paying attention to the artist''s intention or the author''s intention and audience’s perception, that the aspects are considered to be false inputs in the functionalist pattern and disrupt the aesthetic experience. According to this theory, the function of art is the make of aesthetic experience, which is characterized by features such as unity, complex and intensity. These features are followed by artistic value, the value that is the subject of the recognition of an artistic object, and the critic must be know it to use them in the evaluation of artwork that is content-centered. Because the aesthetic experience in art is its value and the only necessary condition for the work of art and is formed on the basis of a positive verdict, the purpose of this study is to identify the aesthetic object from the Beardsley view which can be defined by art. Our methodology, in terms of the nature of the research, is to collect materials through a library study and Internet search, then we examine and analyze them in order to obtain Beardsley’s definition of the aesthetic object and its status in art criticism Manuscript profile
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        18 - The Role of Art in Human Evolution from the Perspective of Evolutionary Naturalistic Aesthetics
        Roja Alizadeh
        10.30495/pi.2022.19563
        On evolutionary naturalist approach, human desire for art and beauty, is the product of his evolution and one of the many adaptations that has been gained through natural and sexual selection during the struggle for survival. Accordingly, the modern man desire for art a More
        On evolutionary naturalist approach, human desire for art and beauty, is the product of his evolution and one of the many adaptations that has been gained through natural and sexual selection during the struggle for survival. Accordingly, the modern man desire for art and beauty is the result of a genetic planning that remains of its oldest ancestors. In support of this claim, this approach relied on such things as universality, ancientity, and the ancient history of art as well as its instinct enjoyment. Evolutionary aesthetics utilizes the achievements of various sciences, in particular evolutionary psychology, to seek to justify, from a scientific and naturalistic point of view, the constant companion of arts to humans and to find logical and theoretical reasons for it. From the perspective of the theorists in this field of art and aesthetics, the result of the mechanism of natural and sextual selection, and therefore arising from human instincts, is rooted in human nature. Manuscript profile
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        19 - etermining the Effects of the Components of Visual Structure Quality on the Receptibility of Sociopetal Environments (Research Subject: Isfahan’s Historical Bazaar Saria)
        Somayeh pahlevan Hossein Soltanzadeh farah habib
        10.30495/ums.2022.21748
        Preface and Purpose of the Study: Understanding the visual structure of historical bazaar saria, as one of the most important architectural elements of design, can be effective for contemplation of their role and latent potential in the quality of their sociopetal space More
        Preface and Purpose of the Study: Understanding the visual structure of historical bazaar saria, as one of the most important architectural elements of design, can be effective for contemplation of their role and latent potential in the quality of their sociopetal spaces, the extent of their receptibility, and their prosperity. This study focuses on the understanding and analysis of principles of sociopetality in the receptibility and the visual quality evaluation of bazaar sariaes. Methodology: Firstly, through correlation and regression analysis, the presence of a students for each of the 12 investigated sariaes, and recording of the number of people and their gathering places, steps were taken to assess the criteria and answer the theories and research questions of the study. The evaluation and determination of the scope of the study were achieved through visual quality and sociopetal concepts in a structural dimension derived from the framework of the research and its conformity with visual parameters defined by space syntax software. The space syntax data was analyzed using the Depthmap software. Findings: Based on the findings of the study, it can be argued that access points and routes to the sariaes (whether directly or at a rotating angle), dimensions and total measurement of the saria and central courtyard, number of primary spaces, and direct access to primary spaces affect the extent of sociopetality and receptibility of bazaar sariaes. Furthermore, halls that have more entry points, larger central courtyards, and lesser rotation angle for accessing their middle saria, are more inviting and receptible and are more sociopetal as a result. In some cases, such as Mirza Kuchak saria, Khansari saria, and Golshan saria, visual quality components have a reverse correlation with structural components because entry points with an indirect view of the saria have no bearings on visual qualities, having high visual quality yet lower sociopetality. Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that although, in most cases, visual quality components affect structural factors and induce sociopetality in the environment, in most bazaar sariaes in Iran such a correlation does not always exist. Sariaes with higher visual quality have lesser sociopetality because, in terms of structure, they do not have intelligible and inviting environments that appeal to the public. Sight and appearance, spatial complexity, practical variety, access and degree of movement, and comfort and number of available facilities affect the spatial quality and thus sociopetality.     Manuscript profile
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        20 - Investigating the Aesthetic Components of Pseudo-Dionysius Iin Urban Views
        Parvaneh Gharib Garkani Esmaeil Baniardalan, Shamsolmoloke Mostafavi
        Introduction & purpose: Pseudo-Dionysius is one of the influential people in the emergence of the attitude to beauty with a Neoplatonic view and has complemented his speeches. Various artists are able to create a beautiful work by expanding and promoting his speeche More
        Introduction & purpose: Pseudo-Dionysius is one of the influential people in the emergence of the attitude to beauty with a Neoplatonic view and has complemented his speeches. Various artists are able to create a beautiful work by expanding and promoting his speeches. This study has been done to the aim of extracting the mentioned aesthetic components from the point of views of Pseudo-Dionysius and examines them in urban views. Method: Documentary studies in the field of beauty by analysis of Grand Theory and with a variety of coding, try to extract the Dionysius' components of beauty from various texts. The extracted components in the survey research, examine these components in urban views. The statistical population (views of residential houses in the metropolis of Tehran) in the quantitative part includes urban space users, which according to Morgan table, 373 users have been selected and in the qualitative part, targeted studies are performed based on optimal sampling. The research is a qualitative-quantitative combination in which the component is first extracted by Atlasti software and then it is examined by a questionnaire for the factor share of each component in Spss software. Findings: Studies show that harmony, proportion, color equality, geometric shapes, comprehensibility all have a coefficient of determination (1.000) and were the first variables that entered the model and have the greatest relationship with the beauty of urban views. The multiplicity and abundance, with value (0.383), was also the last variable that entered the model and has the least relationship with the beauty of urban views. Conclusion: In this study, the laws that form the basis and main core of proportions can be extracted from the writings of the Pseudo-Dionysius and examined in the case of urban views. It turned out that space audiences did not find beautiful for shapes and volumes that they could not understand or could not find a formal connection between its volumes. Being understandable to the extent that it can form a schema in the minds of the audience has a decisive role in creating the beauty of a work. Also, some solutions are suggested for the beauty productivity in urban views.   Manuscript profile
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        21 - The relation between visual image of regions within city of Tehran and the expected behavior of citizens
        نیره زیبایی دکتر راضیه رضا زاده
        Urban design and planning is now influenced by new approaches and different schools of thought.  The visual image of the city for architects and urban designers is now more important than ever before especially in urban metropolitan centers.  The present study More
        Urban design and planning is now influenced by new approaches and different schools of thought.  The visual image of the city for architects and urban designers is now more important than ever before especially in urban metropolitan centers.  The present study is aimed to investigate the relation between visual image of the city of Tehran and the expected behavior of citizens. The subject group consists of professionals employed in architecture, urban planning, and beautification department of City of Tehran as dispersed in the 22 regional offices.  The sample size was 253 consisting of various age groups and both male and female employee.  The data was gathered through a designed questionnaire, and the descriptive and analytical statistical techniques were used to explore the data.  The results show that the main hypothesis of the research, there is a correlation between the visual image of the city and the expected behavior of citizens.  Also the results show that there are correlations between the visual image of Tehran and vandalism, urban security, citizen's calmness and orientation. Therefore it seems that further attention of authorities and urban planners to the issues of visual image of the city of Tehran would provide further possibilities for satisfaction with and preference of citizens. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Anaesthetic effect of glutamate receptors blockers with/or without Alprazolam given by different routes and doses in animal model
        ایلیاد عیسی بیگلو احمد اصغری
        Ketamine one of the more important and clinical blocker of brain stimulatory neurotransmitter(glutamate) receptors is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a lowintestinal absorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is More
        Ketamine one of the more important and clinical blocker of brain stimulatory neurotransmitter(glutamate) receptors is a suitable injectable anesthetic in human and animal that has a lowintestinal absorption rate. It's bioavailability in human with oral administration is %207 andwith rectal administration in cat is %43.56.1 .this drug has some side effects such ashypertension , histamine releasing effects, hallucination, hyper salivation (specially with oraladministration) and etc. Alprazolam is a mild acting benzodiazepine that can pass trough bloodbrainbarrier and causes CNS suppression. Then it seems that co administration of Alprazolamand ketamine cause more effective & deep CNS depression effects.The aim of this study was evaluation of ketamine and Alprazolam CNS suppression effects inthe manner of single and together in cat. Ten free roaming male & mature cats received drugs[ketamine (20, 40, 80mg/kg) & Alprazolam (5, 10, 15mg/kg)] first in mixture of milk (40ml) ormeat (30g) or sublingual spray rout. In 2nd stage they received concomitant doses ofAlprazolam & ketamine by the method mentioned above. Each animal was observed continuallyby educated observer for CNS depression as graded on the behavioral scales.Almost all of the animals rejected receiving drugs in mixture of milk and meat. So sublingualspray rout used for oral administration of drugs. Alprazolam & ketamine showed dosedependent effects in different administered doses. Concomitant use of Alprazolam withketamine improved depth and duration of ketamine's CNS depression effects. So results of thisstudy showed this fact that administration of ketamine & Alprazolam in mixture of milk & meatis not a suitable method in cats. Also Alprazolam in mentioned doses caused a weak suppressionof CNS. But a strong and long time CNS depression is achieved when ketamine sprayed inmouth (as sublingual form). These Symptoms are considered significant in co administration ofthese two drugs Manuscript profile
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        23 - Study of Some of Heavy Metals in Poaceae Triticum, Zea Maize, and Hordeum Vulgare and Non-Carcinogenic Quantitative Risk Assessment: Kashafroud River, Mashhad
        Ghasem Zolfaghari Mehri Delsouz Amaneh Sazgar Zohre Akhgari
        10.22034/jest.2018.21938.3102
        Background and Objective: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea Maize), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are among the most important components of food. This paper provides the first quantitative information on accumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and arseni More
        Background and Objective: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea Maize), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are among the most important components of food. This paper provides the first quantitative information on accumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in ground (soils) overground (leaves) and underground (roots) parts of wheat, corn, and tomatoaround the Kashafroud River in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Method: The concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, graphite furnace (GBC GF3000). Results: Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference among the cadmium concentrations of soil, roots and leaves/grain in various plants (p<0.01 for wheat and corn and p=0.0004 for tomato). There was not a significant difference among the lead concentrations of soil, roots and grain in wheat (p>0.05), but there was a significant difference for other plants (p<0.01 for corn and tomato). Furthermore, statistical analysis was done for arsenic concentrations of soil, roots and leaves/grain in wheat and tomato (p>0.05 for wheat and p=0.026 for tomato). Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study were compared with global standards. As well as in this monitoring, health risk assessment by EPA/WHO instructions has been done. The concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in soil were below the limits proposed by WHO, EPA, and EU. The results of the present study aimed to provide data from Kashafroud River as indicators of natural and anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystem as well as to evaluate the human hazard index associated with wheat consumption. Health risk assessment of consumers from the intake of metal contaminated was evaluated by using Total Hazard Quotient (THQ) calculations. In this study, the THQ through consumption of wheat was less than 1, indicating that there is no significant potential health risk associated with the consumption of wheat from the around the Kashafroud River.   Manuscript profile
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        24 - isual Quality Assessment of Walking Tracks in Natural Recreational Area Using Subjective Approach (Case Study: Ziarat basin, Gorgan)
        Sepideh Saeidi Marjan Mohammadzadeh Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi
        10.22034/jest.2017.10330
        Background and Objective: Nowadays, landscape would be regarded as one of the main elements of identity, existence, stability of the environment and a connector between the environment and its users. In this regard, landscape and its relationship with people perception More
        Background and Objective: Nowadays, landscape would be regarded as one of the main elements of identity, existence, stability of the environment and a connector between the environment and its users. In this regard, landscape and its relationship with people perception are very momentous. Analysis of the relationships between visual quality and structural characteristics of landscape is an effective method in cognitive researches. In general, studies which are performed based on the aesthetic criteria of landscape not only are searching about the beauty or excellence of landscapes but also are looking for the users' aesthetic preferences. In this study the goal is to prioritize walking tracks of Ziarat basin from the point of cognitive and aesthetic value by using conceptual approach. Method: For this purpose, field survey of walking tracks was conducted to take photographs and mark the viewpoints. Finally a questionnaire survey was developed to investigate the landscape preference which ordinal classification was used in it. Questionnaires were distributed between 217 of visitors. Data which obtained from questionnaires were analyzed by using SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the walking tracks of the study area are totally different from the point of visual quality and due to visitor preference, Talambar walking tracks has attached the first priority and Sefid cheshmeh has attached the last priority. Discussion and Counclusion: The results of this paper would lead to introduce preferable walking tracks and special view points and landscape of each walking tracks. The results could also help the managers to develop more beautiful trails, and to design and construct sightseeing places along the trails for visitors. Manuscript profile
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        25 - A Comparative Study about the Relationship between Man and Architecture from the Aesthetic Perspective in Classical, Modern and Post-modern Periods
        Somayeh Moosavian
        Background and Objective: The inseparable connection of man and architecture over different periods, either in the form of drawing a relative resemblance or analogy between the structure of the human body and architecture has always been considerable due to either aesth More
        Background and Objective: The inseparable connection of man and architecture over different periods, either in the form of drawing a relative resemblance or analogy between the structure of the human body and architecture has always been considerable due to either aesthetic reasons or symbolic reasons. The author's attempt is to investigate the type of human-architectural relationship in classical, modern and postmodern periods based on similarities and differences. The aim pursued in this research is a comparative study of this relationship in the aforementioned periods, in order to achieve the cognitive relation between human and architecture from the perspective of the aesthetics. The main question is how western architecture has dealt with human as an aesthetic subject during different periods?Material and Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical qualitative type, and in order to understand the place of man in the architectural aesthetics of different periods, it takes an interpretive point of view by using thematic literature, in a comparative method.Findings: The findings show that the general principles of aesthetics taken from the human body in classical architecture gradually became a complex process in subsequent periods.Discussion and Conclusion: It means, in the classical architecture, the implicit (metaphorical) and symbolic meaning of the aesthetics which was influenced by the human body. These concepts gradually faded to the onset of the modern period. The relationship between architecture and man from an aesthetic point of view in the classical period with an emphasis on its symbolic dimension, and in the modern period, emphasizing its pragmatic dimension, was a purely anatomical approach through mathematical logic. While this approach was transformed by the emergence of postmodernism into perceptional approach; hence, in postmodernism, emphasis is placed on human presence in architecture and cognizance through it, so this two-sided relationship of the body/architecture has come to the subject of "aesthetics experience" through physical perception in post-modernism architecture. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Recognition and Analysis of Theoretical Models of Environmental Psychology with Emphasis on the Role of Human Experience in Perception of the Environment Aesthetics
        Somayeh Moosavian
        Background and Aim: The physical environment causes man to reveal complicated reactions in the form of feelings, feedback, value, interests and desires. These reactions specifically form the human’s cognitive and perceptual process of the environment in the form o More
        Background and Aim: The physical environment causes man to reveal complicated reactions in the form of feelings, feedback, value, interests and desires. These reactions specifically form the human’s cognitive and perceptual process of the environment in the form of aesthetics values such as feeling of environmental desirability. The concept of environmental aesthetics is a complex one and has been widely discussed in different theoretical and empirical studies; however, the effects of environmental stimuli and characteristics on the human’s desirable experience of the environment still looks a vague subject. Thus, in the view of the various levels of experiential perception of the space and resulting feeling of desirability, it is imperative to perform various accurate analyses of environmental psychology, as this will help recognize theoretical components to improve the quality of the environment. Accordingly, the following questions are raised: Which characteristics in theoretical models of environmental psychology do form perception of the environmental aesthetics through experience? Which components do constitute the main elements of experiencing the environmental aesthetics? Methods: The present research has a qualitative approach and uses descriptive-analytical method to review the main models to recognize the key approaches related with the concept of experiential aesthetics so that their underlying mechanisms are determined. In this connection, the process and relationship between the variables of the theoretical models is examined via content analysis.Discussion and Conclusion: Results indicated that three main components can be regarded as the structural dimensions of aesthetics dimensions through experience: 1. Continuous action consciousness through interaction with and attention to the environment; 2. Sensory-motor consciousness by arousal and emotions, and 3. Structural consciousness through participation in the environment and environmental behavior. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Analysis of the quality of the urban environment with the perception of aesthetics and Place attachment in the spaces of Tabriz metropolis (Case Study of Tabriz Saat Square)
        Solmaz Babazadeh Oskoui Ali Zeynali Azim Farank Adlifar Mansoureh Jamshdi
        Background and Aim: Trying to understand the environment and the quality of urban spaces in the living environment is one of the most basic issues that urban thinkers should pay attention to due to the decline in environmental quality, especially urban spaces in terms o More
        Background and Aim: Trying to understand the environment and the quality of urban spaces in the living environment is one of the most basic issues that urban thinkers should pay attention to due to the decline in environmental quality, especially urban spaces in terms of aesthetics and sense of belonging, to a lively environment and create to suit the moods and needs of users. With regard to this issue, the purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of the urban environment with spatial attachment and aesthetic perception in the metropolitan areas of Tabriz. Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey type. The sample size is 384 visitors to Tabriz Clock Square. For the structural model, second-order factor analysis (SEM) of Amos software version 26 and SPSS were used. Results: The results show that in the final structure model, two components of environmental aesthetics (direct with 0.96 and indirect with 0.65) and sense of belonging directly (directly with 0.94 and indirect with 0.78 In total, with 0.93, they have been effective in improving the environmental quality in Tabriz Clock Square. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, there is a direct positive and significant relationship between the environmental quality of urban spaces with aesthetics and the sense of belonging of citizens, which are the cause and effect of each other in improving the environmental quality and urban spaces. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Plants Performance on Noise Pollution Reduction based on Visual Characteristics Perspectives
        Ahmad Hami Neda khodayari
        Because of the rapid industrialization, urbanization and other communication and transport systems, noise pollution has reached to a disturbing level over the years. Plants have been suggested as an affordable and natural construction to mitigate outdoor noise pollution More
        Because of the rapid industrialization, urbanization and other communication and transport systems, noise pollution has reached to a disturbing level over the years. Plants have been suggested as an affordable and natural construction to mitigate outdoor noise pollution in comparison to concrete, metal, plastic and other man-made materials. The goal of noise control is to promote relaxation, satisfaction and well-being in urban residents.  Green belt is known as one of the most important and effective method in residential areas to reduce noise pollution caused by road traffic in urban areas. A row of trees may be an effective technique than other barrier in decreasing noise pollution. In recent years, several methods have been used for measuring the effects of landscape elements on noise reduction. This study attempts to review the applied methods herein. The results showed that green elements not only mitigate noise pollution but also play important role in creating attractive scenes for people which may enhance human tolerance for noise pollution. In addition, organization of plants and their aesthetic values may have positive role on noise reduction.     Manuscript profile
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        29 - Investigating the Relationship between Sense of Aesthetics and Religious Beliefs with Environmental Behaviors (studied in Kerman)
        Ali moradi jamileh esfandiarpour
        Background and Objective: Environmental crises in the form of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, catastrophes, water scarcity and many other problems are facts that have changed the way of life of the present generation and the future. Will be More
        Background and Objective: Environmental crises in the form of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, catastrophes, water scarcity and many other problems are facts that have changed the way of life of the present generation and the future. Will be affected. The main question of this research is what is the relationship between aesthetic sense and religious beliefs with environmental behaviors with emphasis on the city of Kerman? The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between aesthetic sense and religious beliefs with environmental culture. Material and Methodology: The method of survey study and data collection tool is questionnaire. Statistical population is citizens of Kerman city over 16 years. According to the Cochran sampling formula, 374 questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of the analysis (SPSS) show that the sense of environmental aesthetics and religious beliefs of people have a significant relationship with environmental behaviors. This means that by promoting people's sense of aesthetics as well as strengthening their religious beliefs, the tendency to perform environmental behaviors correctly increases. The results of multiple regression show that aesthetic sense (T= 7.21) and significant (Sig= T = 0.000) were able to explain 0.35 of internal environmental variations alone. The results of structural equation modeling (AMOS) show that media use with 0.175 regression coefficient, 0.183 aesthetic sense, and socioeconomic base with standard regression coefficient of -0.160 have significant effect on dependent variable. Discussion and Conclusion: It is inferred that in a society where people have aesthetic tastes and are interested in their environment, they will behave responsibly and correctly towards nature and their ecosystem. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Investigation and identifying of the important and effective elements for visual quality assessment of different landscape types
        Fazlolah Ahmadi Mirghaed Marjan Mohammadzadeh
        Due to limitations and potential of land ecosystems, ecological integrity and interactions between the various components of land show vulnerable because of the escalation of irrational human activities. So, it is essential that different environmental aspects such as l More
        Due to limitations and potential of land ecosystems, ecological integrity and interactions between the various components of land show vulnerable because of the escalation of irrational human activities. So, it is essential that different environmental aspects such as landscape aesthetic quality be considered in landscape management and planning in order to preserve integrity and balance of ecosystems as well as to achieve sustainable development. Also, it seems necessary to identify and study the important elements affecting quality and aesthetic aspects of landscape in visual quality assessment process. In this study, considering the review and identification of important elements in visual quality assessment of landscape, aesthetic criteria and characteristics were examined based on scientific studies and existing documents. After that, the important and effective elements identified about the various ecological, socio-economic and aesthetic aspects in the visual quality assessment of urban, forest, agriculture, coastal, desert and mountain landscapes. The qualitative analysis was performed in relation to each of the landscapes according to the identified elements and components. This study showed that understanding and awareness of the effective environmental and visual elements and their properties can be helpful in visual quality assessment of different landscape types and it will facilitate its process Manuscript profile
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        31 - Ecological and aesthetic criticism of forest parks (Case Study: Lavizan Park, Tehran 4th District)
        Hossein Yousefi Ali Mohammadi
        Abstract It is essential that the urban spaces to be organized, within the framework of the several functions specifically   in such a direction that to give an appropriate response to humans’ physical, material, and intellectual need. Nowadays, human ha More
        Abstract It is essential that the urban spaces to be organized, within the framework of the several functions specifically   in such a direction that to give an appropriate response to humans’ physical, material, and intellectual need. Nowadays, human having recognized the importance and the place of the green spaces and public recreation and promenade in their day to day life and its various applications among the structure of accumulated human settlements, forced them to consider and put forward their efforts for the keeping and regenerating the existing resources in their policies and planning agendas.  Our large cities in our country, especially the metro city of Tehran are standing in a far distance from the necessary size and number of the social spaces, particularly in the field of the recreation promenade areas. Therefore, the policy of developments of green and recreation-promenade spaces in the marginalized and close distance and within the interaction of the cities are more welcomed. One of the very attracting areas in city of Tehran is Lavizan forest park, located at the north-east of Tehran, situated in a direct and constructive interaction with the city and as the city green belt has held specific terms and regulations. This study aimed to investigate the perspective and Ecological aspects of Forest Park Lavizan in Tehran and the opportunities and leading it to the library study and field of work. At first according to the maps, the location of the area where the park is located, was evaluated in terms of environmental issues. Then pros and cons of Lavizan park discussed. Finally park supposed as a patch and limitation of recreations    an ecological subjects with ways to deal analyzed. The results of this research shows the main importance of forest parks and also appropriate approaches for develop this kind of parks. For deficiencies in term of ecological and recreation topics, some techniques such as paying attention to patch’s connection, planting suitable plants and… specified. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Reviews of assessment procedures and analysis of the quality and aesthetics of the environment and the urban landscape
        Mahdi Vaezi
        Aesthetics as a distinct system in West philosophy and science did not have a difinite ed place until the mid-eighteenth century. Since the eighteenth-century the concept of aesthetic has been become more psychological and beauty has been considered in relation to perce More
        Aesthetics as a distinct system in West philosophy and science did not have a difinite ed place until the mid-eighteenth century. Since the eighteenth-century the concept of aesthetic has been become more psychological and beauty has been considered in relation to perception and the observer has also become one of the effective factors of beauty. Human being has two emotional and rational aspects and perception of beauty is a soul activity and this activity does not take place unless by a stimulus from the outside world which ultimately results in three feedbacks (pleasure, surprise, value). Urban landscapes also should include needs of different aspects of human life simultaneously. In professional evaluation models, valuation is done based on the visual aspect of landscape and the beauty in nature (objective). And in the assessment by people's preferences, valuation is done based on people's perception of the landscape. In this study, by the research on evaluation procedures in the existing theories and by investigating the relationship between physical, psychological reactions of the human being and the beautiful perspectives, we have tried to introduce different (psychological) aspects of the perspective assessment. Physiologic and emotional reactions after engaging the human senses in the landscape will result in some feedback such as stress reduction, changes in heart rate, changes in the pupil of the eye, the skin and facial muscles changes and etc. These feedbacks can be used as benchmarks to measure the three reactions to post beauty (pleasure, surprise, value) and as the effective parameters in landscape design. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Artistic reflection of contradiction in the poetry of Abu Tamam and Victor Hugo
        Amir Moqaddam Mottaqi Zahra Haqayeqi Mahboobeh Mehr Afarid
        10.30495/clq.2022.697889
        One of the unique and stylistic methods in the poetry of Abu Tamam and Victor Hugo is the use of contradictions. This article aims to find some similarities and stylistic differences in the use of contradictions in the poetry of Abu Tamam and Hugo, and seeks to see how More
        One of the unique and stylistic methods in the poetry of Abu Tamam and Victor Hugo is the use of contradictions. This article aims to find some similarities and stylistic differences in the use of contradictions in the poetry of Abu Tamam and Hugo, and seeks to see how the contradictions has enriched the poetry of the two poets. In this essay, based on the method of qualitative content analysis, findings show that the contradiction in the poetry of Abu Tamam and Victor Hugo has aesthetic and philosophical functions and indicates a fundamental connection with meaning. Behavioral and practical contradictions is one of the most frequent contradictions in the poetry of Abu Tamam and Hugo. The reason for the frequent use of these two contradictions is their connections with the general concept and structure of poetry. Abu Tamam has used the color of these contradictions to interpret his thoughts and philosophical ideas along with other literary images. Despite the simplicity of his poetry, Hugo’s style of expression has become as confusing and complicated as that of Abu Tamam, whenever he has decorated his poetry with these two contradictions. Manuscript profile
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        34 - A comparison of international didactic thoughts in Aesop myths and Kelileh-va-demneh
        Nemat Esfahani Omran
        Fromancient times, one ofthe fourtypes ofliterature which has been– by common consensus –emphasized among outstanding nations in culture and civilization is Didactic Literature. Didactic Literature is a kind of literature in which the creator of the work in More
        Fromancient times, one ofthe fourtypes ofliterature which has been– by common consensus –emphasized among outstanding nations in culture and civilization is Didactic Literature. Didactic Literature is a kind of literature in which the creator of the work indirectly places two concepts of good and evil against each other while trying to teach the ethical and moral implications to human beings that, in the classical literature of the world, is generally stated through the language of animals (i.e. fable) in the form of advice. Among didactic works of the world, two are more-than-others involved in the ethics and morality; Aesop myths and Kelileh-va-demneh, the former is in the west whereas the latter is belonged to the east.   Therefore, the present study aims at reviewing and analyzing some of the ethical principles in Aesop myths and Kelileh-va-demneh which have venerable place in the history of world literature and which are emphasized by a lot of ethic-oriented thinkers in the realm of didactic literature.   It should be mentioned that these two works, in their teachings, have dealt with religious, social, and political issues more than other fields in society.  Manuscript profile
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        35 - The Comparative study of three stories by Moniro Ravanipour: Kanizu, Gypsy by the Fire, The Drowned
        Shahrooz Shahdin Abolqasem Amir Ahamdi Ali Eshghi Sardehi
        Moniro Ravanipour – one of the most successful Iranian contemporary authors – whose method is magical realism and by imitating Colombian Gabriel García Márquez writing method succeeded to create precious works to the world and Iran's literature More
        Moniro Ravanipour – one of the most successful Iranian contemporary authors – whose method is magical realism and by imitating Colombian Gabriel García Márquez writing method succeeded to create precious works to the world and Iran's literature such as Kanizu, Gypsy by the Fire and The Drowned by inspiring "A Hundred Year of Solitude". On the other hand she is also known as Folklore author because of working on folkloric literature and creating real scenes as well as applying proverbs, allusions and native phrases. This article initially introduces Moniro Ravanipour and her ideas and works then studies magical realism in Persian literature followed by structuralism and content – based criticism in three novels: Kanizu, Gypsy by the Fire and The Drowned Manuscript profile
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        36 - Comparative study of musical space of Siniyeh Showghi and Bolkhayr
        Reza Soleyman Zadeh Najafi Bakhtiyar Mojaz Davood Zarin Poor
        Poets’ interaction in their content and style is common in the world literature and Arabic literature is also not excluded. Bohtori’s Siniyeh has always been considered by scholars and poets. Among these AhmedShowghi, the contemporary poet, has fol More
        Poets’ interaction in their content and style is common in the world literature and Arabic literature is also not excluded. Bohtori’s Siniyeh has always been considered by scholars and poets. Among these AhmedShowghi, the contemporary poet, has followed him in the style and content and Omar Abdullah Bolkhayr has followed both the poets before him and has left a beautiful Siniyeh. Undoubtedly a discussion on various aspects of Showghi’s “Siniyeh” and Bolkhayr’s one is a necessary matter. Here are some questions this study seeks to answer them: How has these two poets’ art been shown regarding the music? How has the appropriateness of content with rhythm, frequency of words and musical augmenters been in these works? Manuscript profile
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        37 - Rhetoric Aesthetic Criticism by a Comparative Approach on Arabic & Persian Eloquence
        Habibollah Jadidol Eslami Hamideh Jamal Zahi
        The common aspects which have existed between Iranians and Persians in different fields such as poetry, literature and music – and more important the religious language and the connection made by Islam between them – caused a wide relation, interaction and m More
        The common aspects which have existed between Iranians and Persians in different fields such as poetry, literature and music – and more important the religious language and the connection made by Islam between them – caused a wide relation, interaction and mutual effects. One of the manifestations of the mutual effect in Islamic culture is undoubtedly in the field of eloquence or better to say Persian and Arabic aesthetics. Thus this paper intends to express some of these literary effects and affects from aesthetic criticism point of view and then study them comparatively. Accordingly, some vague and challenging common expressions such as allegory, simile and etc. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Evidences of aesthetics in Attar and Rumi’s mysticism
        Rashin Bani Najjarian Reza Heidari Nouri
        The aesthetics’ background should be sought among olden and ancient tribes. The first steps have been taken by the civilizations of Iran, India and Greece this direction, and they have left good achievements in memory. Aestheticism school in Islamic Iranian m More
        The aesthetics’ background should be sought among olden and ancient tribes. The first steps have been taken by the civilizations of Iran, India and Greece this direction, and they have left good achievements in memory. Aestheticism school in Islamic Iranian mysticism was formed in initial centuries of Islam applying the achievements of Greek wisdom and Eastern enlightenment, especially with the use of ancient Iranian wisdom, and has become a major school in Islamic mysticism enjoying Qur'anic doctrines.  The pioneers of the mentioned school were all Iranians. Great mystics such as Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi and Attar Neyshaburi, whose willing for beauty and aestheticism have always been remarkable in their mystical works. Attar Neyshaburi also believes in the reflection of the truth beauty in other creatures; Especially the earthly lover who is mentioned in the story of Sheikh of Sana’an and the Christian Girl in " Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr" (Conference of Birds).  The present article attempts to provide information about the concept of beauty and aesthetics in Islamic mysticism by considering Attar and Rumi’s mystical works and ideas. Manuscript profile
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        39 - The Analysis of Species Effects of Holy Quran in Tohfat-Al-Araghain Mathnavi
        Tahereh Ishany
        Khaghani is a great poet in six century (A.H) that is famous by “Dir Ashena Poet” meaning the poet that is difficult to understand his/ her poems. This title shows he composed difficult poems and for understanding his poems we should know traditional medicin More
        Khaghani is a great poet in six century (A.H) that is famous by “Dir Ashena Poet” meaning the poet that is difficult to understand his/ her poems. This title shows he composed difficult poems and for understanding his poems we should know traditional medicine, astrology, religious sciences related to quran, Hadis and so on. Tohfat- Al- Araghain that is as a souvenir of travelling to Mecca has been affected by Holy Quran. Analysis of these effects helps us to understand his poems deeper and also shows how Khaghani’s skill about this holy book. So, in this paper by analysis- statistical method and utilize of book resources we are going to analyze Khaghani’s poems in Tohfat- Al- Araghain mathnavi in order to answer these questions: Which ways has used Khaghani in this book to utilize Quran verses? Also, how much is frequency and percentage of these verses? And what does show this issue? Study of this issue demonstrates Khaghani has applied various ways such as derivation, allusion, translation and so on that shows religious character of him and also his knowledge about Quran. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Comparative Study of Aspects of Beauty Semantics and Ontology from Avicenna and Mollasadra Viewpoint
        Farahnaz Eidi
        Semantics is the first criterion which Avicenna discussed it as a pattern of beauty. He believed there is no beauty per se and becomes valuable relating Lord who is the Source of beauty. Regularity, proportion and conditions balance is the fulfilment of beauty and is a More
        Semantics is the first criterion which Avicenna discussed it as a pattern of beauty. He believed there is no beauty per se and becomes valuable relating Lord who is the Source of beauty. Regularity, proportion and conditions balance is the fulfilment of beauty and is a beautiful creature and own a desirable perfection. Mollasadra knows beauty as the nature itself. The main source and reference of beauty is Lord from his view point and any excellence is derived from His beauty and Excellence; he believes Lord as beauty originality and aggravation. Thus although both philosophers have mostly similar viewpoints about beauty, some differences and could be found out in expressing some issues in accordance with their philosophical system. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Comparative Study of Color Application in Qabbani and Sepehri's Poetries
        Abdolrazzaq Rahmani احمدنور وحیدی
        Colors play important roles in human's lives. That's why they are studied in various sciences such as physics, chemistry, psychology, arts and poetries. The artists and poets pay special attention to the aesthetical aspect of colors. The poets can depict different conce More
        Colors play important roles in human's lives. That's why they are studied in various sciences such as physics, chemistry, psychology, arts and poetries. The artists and poets pay special attention to the aesthetical aspect of colors. The poets can depict different concepts such as sadness and sorrow, happiness, hopelessness and desperateness, ideal world, .… by color for their addressees. On the other hand the social, moral and psychological characters could somehow be recognized by studying colors and the different methods of expressing them. Both poets sometimes call the colors with their original names and sometimes by applying similar and close concepts. The present paper studies two contemporary poets –Sohrab Sepehri and Nizar Qabbani's – poetries in librarian method about their affection of colors. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Analysis of the Aesthetic Experience of the Body - Schusterman Foundation regarding Spinoza and Leibniz
        Hojjat Goodarzi Hossein Ardalani Mohammad Reza Sharifzadeh
        10.30495/clq.2021.683773
        Philosophy from Plato to the postmodern era of Gilles Deleuze has always been more focused and busy with the mind (duality of subject and object) and has had minimal attention to the object (body). From the beginning of the philosophy of aesthetics codified by Alexander More
        Philosophy from Plato to the postmodern era of Gilles Deleuze has always been more focused and busy with the mind (duality of subject and object) and has had minimal attention to the object (body). From the beginning of the philosophy of aesthetics codified by Alexander Bomgarten to the recent study, either little attention has been paid to the body or the root of this idea has been referred to a wrong reference. The present study aims to examine Richard Schusterman's philosophical views on body-foundation aesthetics, and by referring to the diligent aesthetics and the struggle of Leibniz and Spinoza, first of all, investigates the roots of body-foundation aesthetics not in thought of contemporary philosophers such as Merleau-Ponty and Foucault, but in the sphere of Leibniz's monadology and the struggle of Spinoza; And second, it shows that aesthetics is either essentially a physical-emotional matter or not. Thus, the conatus or Spinoza struggle is the root of all movement and body-consciousness, and every bodily object without attention to the conatus suffers from severe deficiency. This study has been done by analytical-comparative method and with library documents. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Examining the aesthetics of Al-Muzzammil and Al- Muddaththir surahs on the based of formalist critique
        kaveh rahimi Hossein abavisani
        10.30495/qsf.2023.1978752.2982
        Formalist criticism as the most prominent critical areas of the 20th century is one of new methods of criticism the main focus of which is the appearance of literary texts. This article is based on the school of formalism after examining the amount of literature the sur More
        Formalist criticism as the most prominent critical areas of the 20th century is one of new methods of criticism the main focus of which is the appearance of literary texts. This article is based on the school of formalism after examining the amount of literature the surahs are Al-Muzzammil and Al- Muddaththir And from the point of view of the principles of that criticism it seeks to diccover the beauty of the mentioned surahs and he is trying to provide a clearer view of the apparent wonders work and their effects in conveying meaning to the audienc. The importance of this essay is trying to prove that religious texts especially surahs Al-Muzzammil and Al- Muddaththir although they seek specific concepts but according to the school of formalism they are not devoid of literary beauties. This research has studied the form and content of Suras Muzzammil and Muddaththir descriptively- analytically based on the principles and foundations of the school of formalism And with the aim of discovering the formal components and explaining the degree of the verses and its role in conveying the content and influencing the Manuscript profile
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        44 - Analyzing the effect of the aesthetic features of the Quran on the purposefulness of the revealed messages
        mohammad taherigandomani mohamadreza Hajiesmaili mehdi moti
        10.30495/qsf.2023.1977816.2967
        AbstractA detailed understanding and examination of the aesthetic aspects of the Holy Quran has a very surprising and significant effect on the practical application of the concepts of this divine book in such a way that the audience of the Quran with any level of think More
        AbstractA detailed understanding and examination of the aesthetic aspects of the Holy Quran has a very surprising and significant effect on the practical application of the concepts of this divine book in such a way that the audience of the Quran with any level of thinking and understanding can, by making their thoughts as fertile as possible, achieve effects New and attractive to understand the beauty of God's word and benefit from it. Since the work of art is the origin of the artist and the artist is the origin of the work of art, therefore, by using this principle in this research, an attempt was made to process examples of the verses of the Holy Quran as a symbol of artistic creation, common and effective elements. Regarding the aesthetics of the revelation verses, of course, examining the image in terms of context and context and providing the desired meaning, realizes the unity of the artistic image in the unity of the text. At the end, Motaqan theories explain the aesthetic aspects of the Qur'an by looking at the two poles of objectivity and subjectivity and tries to show the aesthetic signs of the Qur'an along with the reflection of the beauty of creation and awakening the sense of the beauty of friendship in its audience. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Appealing and preferential stylistics in the Holy Quran from Aesthetic Viewpoint
        Rahimeh Choulanin Nancy Saaki
        Rhetoric scholars have always tried to understand the true meanings of words that express the true meaning of the appealing and preferential style. It is obvious that this style of expression is sometimes used semantically from one meaning to another simultaneously; and More
        Rhetoric scholars have always tried to understand the true meanings of words that express the true meaning of the appealing and preferential style. It is obvious that this style of expression is sometimes used semantically from one meaning to another simultaneously; and sometimes it's possible that these two styles of expression shift according to the context of their application, in a way that their applications were not easily identifiable and determinable; so that the proximity of the meanings (appealing and preferential) is such that sometimes the two mentioned implements are used interchangeably and this application is very popular among the rhetoric scholars. The main point is to explain the aesthetic significance of the meanings of these words and the implements used in two expression styles, and to clarify how they are applied in Qur'an. The method of the article is qualitative and exemplary analysis technique in some Verses of Qur'an and abstract discussions are avoided. The result of the study shows that linguistic structure is not an impartial and unbiased structure in expression and presentation, and when it is used as an insignificant appealing or preferential combination, it would not be limited to them but should incorporate a structure of both meanings and the intended meaning as needed should be provided. Manuscript profile
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        46 - A Study on Aesthetics of Conceptual Metaphors of Nature in Najm & Qamar Surah
        Hossein Goli Shahabeddin Karimi
        Najm (Star) & Qamar (Moon) Surah reflect and express splendid images of metaphoric aesthetic in the field of nature’s concepts; these beauties and attractions are combinations of objective patterns. Since ancestors considered classic metaphors in Quranic image More
        Najm (Star) & Qamar (Moon) Surah reflect and express splendid images of metaphoric aesthetic in the field of nature’s concepts; these beauties and attractions are combinations of objective patterns. Since ancestors considered classic metaphors in Quranic images, it is essential to consider metaphor from modern and up to date view point to clarify the various aspects of aesthetics. Thus we become familiar with two scholars in this field: George Lakoff and Johnson who attempted to express conceptual metaphors from other languages. Nevertheless we reached aesthetic notes in modern linguistics by studying Najm and Qamar Surah. Thus the research method is set based on descriptive – analytical – applied framework.    Manuscript profile
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        47 - The aesthetics of employing the galaxy in ancient Arabic poetry until the end of the Abbasid era
        ahmad karami Syed mahmoud Mirzai Al-Husseini ali nazari
        10.30495/cls.2022.1967536.1374
        The sky, with its enchanting beauty and the astronomical phenomena that surrounds it, was and still is a source of inspiration in describing, comparing, similarizing, metaphorizing, and creating wonderful artistic images. Their poetic language and highlighting their abi More
        The sky, with its enchanting beauty and the astronomical phenomena that surrounds it, was and still is a source of inspiration in describing, comparing, similarizing, metaphorizing, and creating wonderful artistic images. Their poetic language and highlighting their ability in it, and they may deprive it of the subtlety of its beauty, the secret of its beauty, to add to it artistic aesthetic values. The galaxy was one of the tributaries that occupy a part of the poetry of Arab poets for purposes such as praise, description, pride and pride, which they use in their poetic discourse, especially in their analogies. They derive their colour, height, shape, appearance and the lights of the stars they possess to depict the wonderful meanings expressing their feelings, emotions and whims. The contents and images derived from them have evolved over the ages. This study, in summary, attempts to extrapolate the poetic verses in the galaxy from ancient poetry until the end of the Abbasid era and to study the aesthetics of their artistic use.Keywords: aesthetics. galaxy. old poetry Abbasid Manuscript profile
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        48 - A Study on the Aesthetics of Khalil Hawi’s Poetic Language (Case Study of Sodom and Post – Ice Poems)
        Bahman Hadiloo Ebrahim Nateq Tajraq
        10.30495/cls.2021.684661
        In the contemporary period, following the new conditions that occurred in the Arab society, the language of poetry changed and the poets renewed their poetic language. Khalil Hawi, like his other counterparts, innovated in different parts of his poetic language and used More
        In the contemporary period, following the new conditions that occurred in the Arab society, the language of poetry changed and the poets renewed their poetic language. Khalil Hawi, like his other counterparts, innovated in different parts of his poetic language and used poetic language as a tool for creativity and a tool for creating images, so his poetic language has a special charm and beauty that deserves to be studied. The present article descriptively-analytically discusses the aesthetics of the poet's poetic language in order to achieve the aesthetic components in two poems (Sodom and Post ice). He has the power of expression and delicacy, and sometimes we see that he uses a language full of the spirit of life and emotion. Structurally, it has given a new emotional atmosphere to the poem, the use of which has led to beauty in his poetic language, including the most important elements of beauty, a part of the poet who uses it to create a distinctive image in his poetry and express special beauty in his poetic language. They include: repetition of words to emphasize meaning and music creation, change in sentence structure, use of the speaker's (intrinsic) conscience that refers to the poet's concern for the nation, visual paradox, contempt in the structural and semantic type, and the use of the myth of Tammuz. Manuscript profile
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        49 - The aesthetics of employing coffin girls in ancient Arabic poetry until the end of the Abbasid era
        ahmad karami
        10.30495/cls.2023.1973662.1383
        AbstractThe group of coffin girls with its bright and dim stars was and still is a source of inspiration for poets. They draw inspiration from them for meanings, contents, and creative images, and they employ them in various poetic purposes, describing, praising, proud, More
        AbstractThe group of coffin girls with its bright and dim stars was and still is a source of inspiration for poets. They draw inspiration from them for meanings, contents, and creative images, and they employ them in various poetic purposes, describing, praising, proud, or proud in pictorial formations that differ in their artistic level from one era to another. The meanings and images in all of that depended on the mentality of the poets. It is suitable for the natural components of their environments and keeps pace with the social developments surrounding them.The images derived from the daughters of the coffin in the pre-Islamic era were naive and superficial, keeping pace with the era of poets, but they developed and took on a moral character throughout the ages, and they became more beautiful, more splendid, and more dazzling, no matter how mature the mentality of the poets increased. This article - despite its brevity - attempts to monitor the poetic verses in which the poets employed coffin girls or some of their stars in the specified period for research and studying the aesthetics of their employment in a descriptive and analytical approach using library sources Manuscript profile
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        50 - Aesthetics of structural-semantic strains in Ebrahim Nasrallah's poetry
        arman mohamadi mohamadreza beigi
        10.30495/cls.2023.1979545.1401
        In this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce r More
        In this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce resistance towards Palestine and reflect the concept is used? And how these axes is distinct language and content of his poetry. The results show that the surface structure to avoid recession fades nasrallah in ordinary language, the art techniques, rhetoric and composition to highlight new vocabulary word is used and has provided beauty of poetry. The readings also showed deep structure is based on his poems Palestine, Palestinian suffering and human tragedy, resistance, defiance and hope for the freedom to form. The construction of meaning is one of the tools that conscious poet richness of poetry, to contemplate forcing the audience and instill a sense it is used.Keywords: aesthetic, structural-semantic axes, resistance poetry, Ibrahim Nasrallah. Manuscript profile
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        51 - Study and Reviewing of the Theories of Lexicon and Conjugation by Ibn Genni in the Book “Al-khasāex”
        Firooz Harirchi Bagher Kargar
        This study has been derived from my doctorate thesis entitled as ‘’Al derasate val tahghigh hula area alsarfie val nahvie Leibn Geni fi ketabeh al khasaes’’ Which while expressing a little about life and literature of Ibne Geni, explain the subj More
        This study has been derived from my doctorate thesis entitled as ‘’Al derasate val tahghigh hula area alsarfie val nahvie Leibn Geni fi ketabeh al khasaes’’ Which while expressing a little about life and literature of Ibne Geni, explain the subject of accent variations in terms of meaning and structure. It is believed that Ibn Geni in 321 (H-Gh) was born in Mousel. Some believe that his name has been derived from the word »Genayous« which means great and noble and his father way a slave from Bizans. Ibn Geni produced many works about such topics ay conjugation, lexicon, reading, poetry and literature, grammar and etymology. Among au of his works which exceed 60T Alkhases is the greatest book from which this paper has been taken: Ibn Geni has a lot of various inventions and innovations in Arabic science. He also has expressed interesting theories in his book. One of these theories the topic of my own study is the subject of accent variations and the effect of meaning and grammar on them. Some grammatical concepts and meaning have been explained in this paper. Then, part of these varieties has been mentioned and compared with other experts’ points of view. Moreover, it has been tried to examine the varieties in term of meaning so that, for example, two accents are the same in terms of a word, but in terms of meaning they are not similar and even they are sometimes contradictory. After that, accent variation has been studied in terms of grammar; furthermore, some instances of this variation. Have been expressed and the reason why one accent has been preferred over another have been mentioned. Finally, the results of this study have been expressed.  Manuscript profile
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        52 - Literary Criticism: Preference and Comparison
        Meysam Tarom
        Due to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method More
        Due to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism. The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method which has been called preference in some era and comparison in some other era. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Aesthetics of color structure in Arabic poem from the point of purport variety
        Leyla Ghasemi Haji Abadi Mahdi Momtahen
        This article is an attempt to investigate the aesthetics of color themes in Arabic poetry. As a means of psychological description, color is one of the manifestations of realism in poetic images. In the application of colors some mythical and civilized structures are po More
        This article is an attempt to investigate the aesthetics of color themes in Arabic poetry. As a means of psychological description, color is one of the manifestations of realism in poetic images. In the application of colors some mythical and civilized structures are portrayed in the culture of nations. Since languages have their own specific organizations of colors, the author aims to measure the degree the poets are influenced by different colors and what they symbolize at the arabic poetry. This article also aims to focus on the significance of the role of colors as one of the main aspects of aesthetics. Evidently, colors are of paramount importance in conveying the sense of beauty and consequently may influence the meaning of beauty in the formation of poetic images. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the reasons behind technical, religious, spiritual, social, symbolic and mythical aspects of the use of colors.  Manuscript profile
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        54 - Evaluation of Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic and Flavonoid content of the extract of Adonis aestivalis L. collected from Lorestan Province
        mahboubeh taherkhani مجید قربانی مرضیه حسینی
        Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is More
        Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is it's uses in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia or sexual problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic (%80) and ethyl acetate extract of A. aestivalis and compare them with each other. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined using the Folin ciocalteau assay at the presence of galic acid as standard and also the total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometer methods at the presence of catechin as standard. Antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined upon Ferric-Reducing-Antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The result showed that the total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 607.262.35 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content 97.810.007 mg catechin equivalent/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (378.378.64 mg GAE/g sample, 89.730.003 mg catechin equivalent/g sample, respectively). Also the FRAP properties of the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis was determined to be 3.9850.001 mg GAE/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (3.4940.0004) mg GAE/g sample. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis has high antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore further comprehensive investigation is required to determine the antioxidant properties of A. aestivalis. Manuscript profile
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        55 - From Postmodernism to Neo-realism in Julian Barnes’ Flaubert Parrot and The Only Story
        Masoumeh Bakhtiari Leila Baradaran Jamili Bahman Zaarinjooee
        10.30495/dk.2022.1960478.2522
        As a dominant tradition in writing, postmodernism was widely embraced during mid and late twentieth century. Many contemporary authors, and in particular some British authors, deemed postmodernism as alien to their own traditional modes of writing. Julian Barnes, the co More
        As a dominant tradition in writing, postmodernism was widely embraced during mid and late twentieth century. Many contemporary authors, and in particular some British authors, deemed postmodernism as alien to their own traditional modes of writing. Julian Barnes, the contemporary British author who once hailed postmodernism in his writings critically challenged and opposed it. The present research is an attempt to critically and analytically investigate this shift from his postmodern work Flaubert Parrot, to his more recent neo-realistic work The Only Story through the lens of Jacques Ranciere.  The main hypothesis is that the late Barnes has truly grasped the dynamic of author-subject as indicated in his return to neo-realism from Postmodern grand narrative. To accomplish this goal the researchers have employed some of Ranciere’s concepts including ‘politics of aesthetics,’ ‘regimes of art,’ ‘distribution and redistribution of sensible’ to scrutinize the causes of this shift and his return to more essentialist and humanistic modes of thought and writing Manuscript profile
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        56 - Beauty and Aestheticism in Molana’s Masnavi with a Focus on Prophecy and Testimony as the Central Metaphors
        Ali Asghar Abedi Ahmad Zakeri Fateme Heydari
        10.30495/dk.2023.1976053.2656
        Beauty from the perspective of Molavi is the manifestation of the truth and the appearance of God's grace to the universe. But it is the science by which you might, perhaps, discover the advent of a miracle of abstraction to the world of testimony. Molana is in the posi More
        Beauty from the perspective of Molavi is the manifestation of the truth and the appearance of God's grace to the universe. But it is the science by which you might, perhaps, discover the advent of a miracle of abstraction to the world of testimony. Molana is in the position of a great and rare mystic, especially after meeting Shams, where his eyes were closed and his heart was opened. In all parts of the universe, he has observed the light of truth and has tried to draw a picture of his observations. This article attempts to examine part of this understanding of the notion that it contained the beauty and appearance of the universe. The data related to the article with the mode of library research is obtained, and written, in a qualitative, descriptive and analytical report. The authors' goal is to recognize Molana’s perception of beauty and the results show that he has found the connection between beauty   and the source of beauty  due to his forgetfulness and the use of intuition and illumination in an incredible degree but, indeed, the chief thing about him is that he has organized  beauty into the central metaphors of his thoughts, that is to say, the resignation and  the testimony of the unseen. Manuscript profile
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        57 - The Analysis of Shafii Kadkanii’s Poetry in the Light of Critical Aesthetics of Frankfurt School
        Arezoo Hoseinpor Kamran Pashaei Fakhrei Parvaneh Adelzadeh
        10.30495/dk.2023.701841
        Persian contemporary literature is unique in the history of Iranian literature cosidering its deep social and political views and the diversity of its anthropological approach. The writers and poets of this era along with the other members of society  criticesed th More
        Persian contemporary literature is unique in the history of Iranian literature cosidering its deep social and political views and the diversity of its anthropological approach. The writers and poets of this era along with the other members of society  criticesed the ugly aspects of society, and literature, which had been unable to criticise due to social hierachies prior to that time, was acting like a weapon to gain freedom as an efficient tool to express political and social criticisim. M. Reza Shafi Kadkani is an eminent contemporary poet and has mixed Nimaii poem with a social commitment and critical view. Critical theory has become more scientific and concentrated with the advent of Frankfurt school. The present study aims to analyse the poems of Shafi Kadkani based on the theory of Critical aesthetics of Frankfurt School. The approach, taken by Shafii, toward the quality of the link between art and society, is critical. According to Frankfurt school, this approach is quite observable in the genuine modern art. In accorandance  with this appraoch, the modern art, needles to be inferiorized to depict the social realities and trapped in the extremist entertainment,  denies the status qua indirectly. Based on the results, in the poems of Shafii , the interrelation of critical art to society appears in the best possible way. Criticisim utilizing certain ways such as naturalism, symbolism, certain critical contexts and ..etc is salient in his art. In addition to these critical concepts in his poems, it has given an ability to criticize his poems politically as well as socially. Manuscript profile
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        58 - Aesthecism in Amiri Firouzkouhi’s Poems
        Mahboube Hajijafari Touranposhti Touraj Aghdaee
        Manuscript profile
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        59 - Ferdowsi's aesthetic taste Bourdieu's measurement
        saba pezhmanfar Ahmad Zakeri
        10.30495/dk.2021.682068
        In the present research , Bourdieu's theory of genetic structuralism has been employed so that to measure the impact of the social class and cultural production area on ferdowsi's aesthetic taste. After the general definition of the theory , part of the research we have More
        In the present research , Bourdieu's theory of genetic structuralism has been employed so that to measure the impact of the social class and cultural production area on ferdowsi's aesthetic taste. After the general definition of the theory , part of the research we have come to know Ferdowsi's social class and because Ferdowsi was a peasant class and this class was the root of Iran during the Sasanian era, we have fully examined the peasant class.In another section, we examine the characteristics of the fourth and fifth century cultural fields of Iran. Based on the findings, by descriptive – analytical methed (library), the result was that part of Ferdowsi s aesthetic taste is due to his social class and the peasant class has given him the opportunity to learn the teachings that have influenced his taste. Also, the role of his habituses in the cultural fieldof time of discussed. Hi is pulling towards the literary and scientific teachings of Iran, which are part of the Iranian identity and so there is a strategy that goes through Shahnameh. Manuscript profile
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        60 - Investigating the Proportion of the Elements of Simile and Metaphor to the Subject in Persian Poetry
        leila amiri zahra riahizamin
           The components of the imagination, especially the Moshabbahonbeh and the Mostaaronmenh, with a vast and unlimited capacity for lexical, semantic, artistic, and literary, play a key role in the structure of the Simile and Metaphor? The present study seeks to More
           The components of the imagination, especially the Moshabbahonbeh and the Mostaaronmenh, with a vast and unlimited capacity for lexical, semantic, artistic, and literary, play a key role in the structure of the Simile and Metaphor? The present study seeks to investigate how and why elements of imagination are selected in Persian poetry in relation to their subject area,with using qualitative research, analytical-descriptive method, and textual research method. The findings show that in addition to the  aesthetic Dimensions , Epice, Lyrice, Mystical and educational of the subject of poetry, it has a significant role in the selection of the imaginary components. It should be noted that in the context of the imagination and the subject matter of the poems, the frequency of applications is often considered. Manuscript profile
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        61 - Symbolic Colors and Synaesthesia in Mehdi Akhavan Saless’s Imagery
        Nasrin Beyranvand Hossein Arian Nasser Kazem Khanloo
        In literature and in poetry in specific, synaesthesia and colors imagery are of significant value and help the creation of literary works. Since time immemorial, color, as the most pictorial sense, has been of interest for human beings, who have been impressed and infat More
        In literature and in poetry in specific, synaesthesia and colors imagery are of significant value and help the creation of literary works. Since time immemorial, color, as the most pictorial sense, has been of interest for human beings, who have been impressed and infatuated with its power and magic. Moreover, color is an element with undeniably fancy function for everyone everywhere forever. In every culture, some colors represent the manners, the wishes and the innermost feelings of the people, and the colors in the flag of every country represent them to some extent. Today, colors are considered to be the most constituent element in artistic creation; they bring tranquility and they make the world decorated. The poets also rely on colors to express their sensibility and feelings, and use them as vital in their imagery, so that the kind of relation they discover between the occasions and the things around themselves is sometimes through colors. Manuscript profile
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        62 - The Analysis of Temporal Deviation in Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s Collection of Short Stories, With Ghazaleh to Nowhere
        Masoumeh Zare Kohan Azar Daneshgar
        Deviation from the normal standards of a language is a technique of foregrounding the discourse that is used by the literati. Deviation is a benchmark for evaluating the literary aesthetics. It also consists of the use of the terms and structures that are not common tod More
        Deviation from the normal standards of a language is a technique of foregrounding the discourse that is used by the literati. Deviation is a benchmark for evaluating the literary aesthetics. It also consists of the use of the terms and structures that are not common today, and has different types such as phonological deviation, typographical deviation, temporal deviation, etc. This paper attempts to study the temporal deviation (archaism) in Ghazaleh Alizadeh’s With Ghazaleh to Nowhere .Temporal deviation consists of lexical and syntactic types. The results of the study show that the writer has used the temporal deviation in her stories by using archaic and low frequency words, old names of jobs, poetic borrowing, proverbs, old forms of verbs, deletion of verbs, adjective forms, alliteration and anastrophe. This is a descriptive-analytic study and the researcher has tried to discuss the theoretical underpinnings as well as the writer’s style in the use of temporal deviation. Manuscript profile
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        63 - Aestheticism in Zoroastrian Mysticism and Its Similarity with Rumi’s Mysticism
        Soheyla Zoqi
        Manuscript profile
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        64 - Expression of Nasrullah's thoughts between narrative styles in the novel "The Second War of the Dog" (Aesthetic Review)
        Ahmad Arefi Faramarz Mirzaee Isa Mottaghizadeh
        Indeed, the purpose of Ibrahim Nasrallah's thoughts in the novel "The Second Dog War" is to express the facts of the life of the Palestinian nation, which the novelist mentions in each style in a specific way. So how many of these styles have gone beyond their original More
        Indeed, the purpose of Ibrahim Nasrallah's thoughts in the novel "The Second Dog War" is to express the facts of the life of the Palestinian nation, which the novelist mentions in each style in a specific way. So how many of these styles have gone beyond their original meanings to acquire virtual meanings because of the beauty of the text and the stimulation of the audience's emotions, which Ibrahim Nasrallah has often done to a great extent.In this article, an attempt has been made to reveal the novelist's ideas using a descriptive-analytical method based on statistical style until To respond to the appropriateness of these styles and the three levels of language, including storytelling, description and dialogue, and the most important aesthetics of these styles in conveying meaning to the audience. The most important conclusion of the article is that the novelist has used From most syntactic styles 3406 times , so that the style of negation 1759 times: 52%, then the style of question 812times: 24%, Then the bet style 328: 10%, etc, referring to the view of pessimism prevailing over the oppressed Palestinian regimes, Because in the novel there are corrupt opportunistic characters who do negative things, especially The hero of the novel Rashed Opportunist who does everything just for the sake of his own nature, which is so full of evils that trade with human beings is a Repetitive events are far from moral and human values. Manuscript profile
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        65 - A Critical Study of Ghada- al-Saman and Bijan Najdi from American School of Comparative Literature
        Abdollah Alboghbish
        Until the advent of the American school of comparative literature, the studies in the field had focused on finding out the effects of a literary work on another one belonging to a different country and culture. But with the advent of the American school, which can be ca More
        Until the advent of the American school of comparative literature, the studies in the field had focused on finding out the effects of a literary work on another one belonging to a different country and culture. But with the advent of the American school, which can be called the criticism-oriented school, the studies in comparative literature have centered on probing into the aesthetic dimensions of the literary texts and thereafter on their comparison so that a literary text stands in its own deserving status on the basis of scientific viewpoints. Based on the criticism-oriented school of comparative literature, the present study has compared two literary works, ie. "Bimarestan, na Ghatar" (Not Hospital, Train) by BijanNajdi and  "Fazzao Toyuren Akhar" (Another Scarecrow) by Ghada al-Samman, a Syrian writer and poetess, so as to uncover the importance of comparative literature function in understanding literary texts. According to this study, the American or criticism-oriented school is able to actualize its outlined goals, i.e. merging the two knowledge areas of comparative literature and literary criticism without their being fused with one another. This study indicates that the mentioned school can, relying on the new tools of literary criticism, play a role in discovering the aesthetic dimensions of literary texts. Moreover, the two above-mentioned writers convey their intentions to their audience through certain mechanisms that are compatible with the concepts in their texts, except that BijanNajdi has surpassed Ghada al-Samman in creating literary images. The present study also shows that extracting aesthetic dimensions of literary texts is not the final stage of a comparative research: rather, a comparative researcher should thereafter set the aesthetic dimensions for the readers to raise their understanding of the texts and strengthen their viewpoints in opting for the better choice. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Functional analysis of the poet Hafiz color
        Kazem Nazaribagha Ali Dehghan
        Artistshavelongbeen familiarwith theeffects of colorsand Iranianarchitecture, and stainedtileshave fixedthis link. Butincontemporary era scientific discoveriesand findings haveshaken up the nature of institutionalized perceptionand symbols; and contemporarypsychologypro More
        Artistshavelongbeen familiarwith theeffects of colorsand Iranianarchitecture, and stainedtileshave fixedthis link. Butincontemporary era scientific discoveriesand findings haveshaken up the nature of institutionalized perceptionand symbols; and contemporarypsychologyprovidesa new understandingofcolors. These differencesare notextensive, because the sense of innate perception of human beings cannot easily be changed. This process can well be analyzed in the poems of Persian language poets. Color and its analysis have less been paid attention to in thepoetryof Khwaja Hafiz. The present paper has studied semiotics, aesthetics, psychology, social impact of colors, and the link among the color, the sound and the nature in the poetry of Hafiz. This study shows that in the field of color and nature Hafiz encounters with the concept of the nature subjectively. In his poems Hafiz weaves a coherent network of colors into each other with the help of different meanings of the word “color” and in the shadowed fitness opacity. In the field of semiotics, turquoise color, which is also are ligious symbol, is highlighted in his poems. And also, a social, political, and mystical effect of black color is not hidden from the eyes of Hafiz. Manuscript profile
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        67 - The Representation of Parables and Symbols in flowers and plantes, as Depicted in Saeb Tabrizis Poems
        M. Alimi S. A. H. Kazerouni
        This chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a he More
        This chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a hemistich should be reasonable; other important elements found in Saeb Tabrizi’s poem is, paradox, opacity, parables, and metonym. Ultimately, an attempt is made in this article to show that Saeb in his sonnets has been innovative in expression. He has createed beautiful and new themes establishing relationship between man and nature. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Aesthetic Principles of the Beloved’s Face in Homam Tabrizi’s Sohbatnameh
        Fazel Abbaszadeh Jalil Tajlil
        Imagery and image creation is one of the techniques to avoid the clichéd and ordinary language and enter the realm of ambiguous literary language. Homam as a great Persian poet, utilizing artistic imagination and colorful imagery, has managed to express several r More
        Imagery and image creation is one of the techniques to avoid the clichéd and ordinary language and enter the realm of ambiguous literary language. Homam as a great Persian poet, utilizing artistic imagination and colorful imagery, has managed to express several referents in a single sign and create a novel poetic sphere. Profound studies of such examples of imagery familiarize us with some artistic values and rhetorical beauties. In this study, using “expressive” means, we have measured the quality and quantity of Homam Tabrizi’s image creation in Masnavi-e-Sohbatnameh, pictured by the beloved’s face, and analyzed his imagery devices. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Evolution of Allegory Expression in Hakim Ferdowsi’s Rostam and Esfandiar
        mohammadreza kayvanfar Parvaneh Adel Zadeh kamran pashaei
        At first glance, the story of Rostam and Esfandiar and considering the confrontation between them, it is expected throughout the story is of war, the clatter of swords, and the commotion of confrontation. The question is whether Ferdowsi's expression was technical, arti More
        At first glance, the story of Rostam and Esfandiar and considering the confrontation between them, it is expected throughout the story is of war, the clatter of swords, and the commotion of confrontation. The question is whether Ferdowsi's expression was technical, artistic, and mixed with allegorical, verbal or expressive images, or not? After a longitudinal study of the work from technical and verbal perspectives, the researcher has come to the conclusion that the story of Rostam and Esfandiar, which consists of long dialogues between two heroes, is a picture of novel expressive and aesthetic literature devices, especially in term of allegory in various forms, in a context of metaphorical applications of animism and foregrand, as well as, Simile, irony, permissibility, sensuality, vulgarity, epanodos (Laf-o-Nashr), and proverbs. It is more like a practice in expressing literary aesthetics than an epic content that can be simple and straightforward due to its very large content. The necessity of this research is to better understand the allegories used in the story of Rostam and Esfandiar for the students for using novel and expressive devices, in order to better understand the content of the Epic-letter )Razm-nameh(. The research has been conducted using library, descriptive and analytical methods on the Ferdowsi Hakim Shahnameh verses. And this is a sign of nurtured content, and deepening it through iterated revisions that Ferdowsi has incorporated for more than thirty years, from 369 to 402 Hijriijri. Manuscript profile
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        70 - The Beauty of Friend's Face in Saadi's view* (A View of Saadi Aestheticism Thoughts)
        Ali Dehghan Fatemeh Alimohammadi
        Believe in Divine manifestation in human appearance or studying meaning beauty in mien mirror of beautiful youth has been the method of Aestheticism by some sufia's. In their belief, looking at one beautiful knower is permissible provided that it won't be of passion, bu More
        Believe in Divine manifestation in human appearance or studying meaning beauty in mien mirror of beautiful youth has been the method of Aestheticism by some sufia's. In their belief, looking at one beautiful knower is permissible provided that it won't be of passion, but by the objective of credit and observer pays attention to the absent one by looking the beautiful one and see ureator's face and beauty in creature. Sa'adi like other Gnostic men attributed to this school, know worshiping visual beauty and virtual love as the way to perfect beauty. Studying Saadi's works and researchers' suggestion indicate that several factors and fields have made Saadi be fond of beautiful people he knows beautiful people and even the whole existence, evidence of Devine beauty. Therefore, to beautiful he knows conditions in human element and believes that each short – sighted person should not look at the beautiful people's face, but this love should be far from sexual enmities. These research examiners Saadi's works and shows the quality, conditions and factors of Saadi's beauty worshiping description in the mirror of his poems evidence. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Study of the antileukemic activity of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. ethanolic extract and fractions
        Gabriele Taumaturgo Mororó José Roberto de Oliveira Ferreira Michel Mualén de Morais Alves Nayana Bruna Nery Monção Laís Campos Teixeira de Carvalho-Gonçalves Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves
        Manuscript profile
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        72 - definition of aesthetic position in mind sublimity of learners and provide a conceptual model for the arts curriculum
        Naser Taslimian Mohamadreza Sarmadi Mohamad Seifi
        rineforce the aesthetic perception and philosophic mindset as the ultimate goals of education systems are analyzed by educational scholars, but the relationship between these two goals in the design of training and curricula, not review yet.In this article the role of a More
        rineforce the aesthetic perception and philosophic mindset as the ultimate goals of education systems are analyzed by educational scholars, but the relationship between these two goals in the design of training and curricula, not review yet.In this article the role of aesthetic perception in sublimity of the first trace of comprehensiveness philosophic mindset, is revealed and as well as the main design elements of nature in art curriculum based on the above explanation is revealed. For this purpose, first, aesthetic perception and it’s processes and litter of proving to be true, namely the artistic education, is explained.then the philosophic mindset is clear up. Following a descriptive-analitic method, the conceptual relationships and logical geography between the aesthetic perceptions and the first trace of comprehensivenesess philosophic mindset, has been discovered and explained. This research has the constructivism lens and it’s strategy is quality. Method of this resarch is analytic and belonging to transcendent transcendental. documentary method is chosen to gather information. the findings of this study showed that a previously undetected network conceptual and logical geography of undiscovered, between aesthetic perception and the first trace of comprehensivenesess philosophic mindset that can be grounds for curricula and the design with aesthetic approach. Manuscript profile
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        73 - Analyzing the theory of aesthetic experience of John Dewey
        maryam ansari hasanali nasrabadi M.Javad Leiaghatdar khosro bagheri
        Aesthetic is branch of philosophy discussing about the perception issues including beauty, such as aesthetic experience. John Dewey, a pragmatic philosopher, shared the twentieth century with the possibility of an empirically grounded ethics. There is much to learn from More
        Aesthetic is branch of philosophy discussing about the perception issues including beauty, such as aesthetic experience. John Dewey, a pragmatic philosopher, shared the twentieth century with the possibility of an empirically grounded ethics. There is much to learn from Dewey about how to proceed in an aesthetic experience in quire about morality. Therefore, it is important to explore the relation between Dewey's ethics and his aesthetic experience. This essay with analytical method was an effort to explore this relation. The result showed that aesthetic experience responded to the demand of feeling in difference situations. Therefore, artistic factors of this experience such as feeling, imagination and compassion are the essential components of morality to complete the experience, understanding, and meaning of morality in the people. Moreover, aesthetic experience and moral education are inseparable. Manuscript profile
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        74 - ...Evaluation of architectural student’s Aesthetic education in universities (Case Study: Universities of Guilan)
        mohadese seyhani hossein Safari Amirreza karimiazeri Seyedeh Mamak Salavatian
        10.30486/jsre.2021.1939860.1982
        The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of aesthetic education of architecture students in Guilan's universities and explain its importance in shaping the aesthetic tendencies and tastes of students in the academic year of 2019-20. Due to its nature, the presen More
        The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of aesthetic education of architecture students in Guilan's universities and explain its importance in shaping the aesthetic tendencies and tastes of students in the academic year of 2019-20. Due to its nature, the present research method is descriptive-analytical and in the scope of evaluation studies. In order to collect data, two types of questionnaires based on the model extracted from the qualitative part of the research, in the Likert scale and the visual questionnaire were used. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content validity method. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and to calculate it the 21.0 version of SPSS was used in two stages; which were 0.89 and 0.92 respectively. The results showed that, students in both levels of education have a higher level of aesthetic knowledge compared to aesthetic wisdom and competence in universities. Such a way that in the undergraduate course, the scores obtained in the field of knowledge were 3.39, in the field of wisdom were 3.12 and in the field of competence were 2.86. In the master's degree, the scores obtained in the mentioned fields were 3.57, 3.18 and 2.98, respectively. This was reflected in the significant tendency of their aesthetic manner to formal beauty. In other words, based on results, the one-sided tendency of the educational process towards the foundation of education in this field has led to the training of one-dimensional architects in an aesthetic perspective Manuscript profile
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        75 - Investigating the Implementation Barriers of the Fundamental Evolution Education Document Based on the Fullan Model:Case study of the field of aesthetic and artistic education
        Fatemeh Sadat Bitarafan Marjan Sojoodi marziye dehghani
        10.30486/jsre.2020.1884437.1515
        The main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglec More
        The main purpose of this study is to identify the administrative barriers in the field of aesthetic and artistic education of the Fundamental Evolution Document in education, based on the Fullan model (2007). The field of artistic education has been forgotten and neglected, despite the tremendous impact it can have on morale and, consequently, on the learning of learners and even their educators.This research project is the "combined" type (simultaneous test). The study population included two independent groups of curriculum and education specialists (in the qualitative section) as well as primary school teachers (in the quantitative section). The sample size includes 12 curriculum and education specialists and 120 primary school teachers .The sampling method in the first part (qualitative) is theoretical and purposeful method and its tools include semi-constructed and unstructured interview and in the second part (quantitative) it is "purposeful and preferable" and the research tool includes a 30 questions researcher-made questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis involves the Wilcoxon single-sample and Friedman tests to rank the Barriers to the implementation of the Fundamental Evolution Document based on the components of the Fullen model. Qualitative data analysis was also performed using the seven-step )Colaizzi, 1987) method. The results of the study confirm the gap between the designers of the Evolution Document and its implementers in schools, which, in addition to other existing administrative barriers,contributes to the inefficiency of the Fundamental Evolution Document in the implementation phase. Manuscript profile
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        76 - An artistic and aesthetic education approach, a subject-based approach or an approach to feeling and meaning
        S.Elham Aghaie Abrandabadi Tayebeh Mahrouzadeh Mohsen Imani Naieni
        10.30486/jsre.2020.560455.1087
        It seems that the critique of negligence in the field of art and aesthetics in the country tends to focus on the training of special artistic activities and its subordinate role in the curriculum for the development of students' artistic talents. Although artistic educa More
        It seems that the critique of negligence in the field of art and aesthetics in the country tends to focus on the training of special artistic activities and its subordinate role in the curriculum for the development of students' artistic talents. Although artistic education implies certain activities, it seems that aesthetic education seems to have been overlooked as a phrasebook in the educational system of the country. A comprehensive conception of this kind of education in the country's educational system has not been made especially from the Islamic perspective. In this study, Mulla Sadra's philosophical views have come to be the subject of a unanimous approach. The approach of feeling and meaning is based on a linguistic unilateral approach. Therefore, in this research, the necessity of changing the approach of artistic education and aesthetics to the approach of feeling and meaning as the main approach and subject-centered approach is considered as complementary approach. The necessity of changing the approach of artistic education and aesthetics to the approach of feeling and meaning as the main approach and subject-based approach as a complementary approach is explained. The research method is documentary and descriptive-analytical, critical and inferential. Manuscript profile
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        77 - Analytical study of the level of attention to the aesthetic dimensions of citizenship education in the first grade textbooks
        fatemeh ashpaz tayebeh mahroozadeh maryam banahan ghomi parvin samadi
        10.30486/jsre.2020.1897055.1615
        The present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship educ More
        The present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship education indicators from the perspective of aesthetics in books. The research method is descriptive and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the textbooks of the first elementary school in the academic year of 1397-98. The tool for identifying the aesthetic components of citizenship education indicators is the content codes designed by the researcher, which has three cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, according to which the content of the books is coded and analyzed. The formal validity and content of the research tools were confirmed by experts and scholars of the philosophy of education and curriculum planning, and the reliability of the research tools was obtained based on Scott's formula of 0.78. The results of content analysis showed that in the whole content of textbooks of the first elementary school, 558 cases of citizenship education with emphasis on the dimensions of artistic education have been mentioned. At least 8 cases (5.4%) arerelated to the Democracy Familiarization Index Accordingly, considering the number of books and three study pillars studied, paying attention to citizenship education with emphasis on artistic education is not enough, and in fact, this amount of attention to citizenship education in textbooks cannot be in line with students' needs. To be a citizen. Manuscript profile
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        78 - Integrating visual and environmental elements using fuzzy and multi criteria evaluation methods for aesthetic quality assessment of Gharahsoo watershed, Golestan province
        Fazlollah Ahmadi Mirghaed Marjan Mohammadzadeh Abdol-Rasoul Salman Mahini Seyed Hamed Mirkarimi
        The aesthetic value of landscape is considered as one of the most important natural resources created by the interaction of different environmental and visual variables. These values are among the factors that have a large impact on land quality and habitat conditions. More
        The aesthetic value of landscape is considered as one of the most important natural resources created by the interaction of different environmental and visual variables. These values are among the factors that have a large impact on land quality and habitat conditions. This study was implemented with the aim of combining visual and environmental elements of aesthetic quality assessment of Gharahsoo watershed in the southwestern Golestan Province of Iran based on Fuzzy and multi criteria decision making models. First, the evaluation criteria, including various aspects of physical, biological, socio - economic and visual features of the study area were selected based on a literature review and expert’s opinion. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method was used for weighting. In the next stage, data analysis was conducted based on a fuzzy technique for order preference by similar to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) method. The weighting results of evaluation criteria showed that the criteria vegetation type, waterfall viewshed, vegetation density, proximity to rivers and naturalness with values 0.206, 0.155, 0.114, 0.114 and 0.076 respectively, are priority to other criteria in the aesthetic quality assessment of the study area. Man-made elements, including urban and rural settlements, roads and power transmission lines have received the lowest priority. Also, the results proved that there are aesthetic quality classes in various types in the study area, including most of the forest landscape in the central and south of the study area, as well as the southeast and west parts. Manuscript profile
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        79 - A new method in the security of encryption systems by unbalanced gates
        seyyed hamidreza mousavi mehdi safaeian Amir Hassan Ahmadi Ghaleh
        IntroductionNowadays, sharing information in communication systems and computers demands high levels of security. Side channel attacks are mainly considered as a main challenge in cryptographic systems which they are used as attacking techniques to break encrypted devic More
        IntroductionNowadays, sharing information in communication systems and computers demands high levels of security. Side channel attacks are mainly considered as a main challenge in cryptographic systems which they are used as attacking techniques to break encrypted devices such as smart cards. The purpose of this research is introducing a new plan for strengthening on-chip encryption algorithms. The proposed plan is based on using Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) and enhanced XOR gate in Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. In this approach, by disturbing the power consumption and time of execution for each different round of the algorithm, the encryption algorithm is protected against Differential Power Attacks (DPA). The proposed method has been implemented in TSMC 65nm technology in Cadence and the results show that the algorithm becomes immune against DPA using this method. As overheads, the silicon area and power consumption increased about 33% and 25%, respectively, whereas, the clock rate has been reduced less than 3%. MethodIn modern digital systems, if the data in the systems carries classified information, data encryption is unavoidable. For example, encryption in smart cards, portable electronic devices, mobile phones and remote control devices use encryption systems to deal with unauthorized intruders [1][2]. One of the requirements of today's electronic systems is high speed, low power consumption and information security. The basis of this method is the combination of the two characteristics of delay and power noise injection into the system using gates,ResultsThe comparison of the results in the simulation mode showed that the system has a good resistance against DPA attacksOne of the characteristics that exist to check the ability of retrofitting methods is the amount of hardware overhead and the imposition of additional power in the proposed retrofitting method. To check this issue, the hardware overhead and power consumption of the implemented method are presented in Table (2).DiscussionWith a reasonable number of power diagrams, so that compared to In the previous designs, the number of power diagrams has been almost doubled and the only overhead cost of the system is the increase in the volume of the occupied space by 33% and the power consumption by 20%. Manuscript profile
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        80 - The Role of Form in the Transcendence of Aesthetic Experience with an Emphasis on Islamic Philosophers’ Opinions and Look at the Tabatabaei House
        Maryam Bakhtiarian Firoozeh Sheibani Rezvani
        10.30486/pia.2024.2003994.1067
        The purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Islamic form and its relationship with meaning in Islamic art, from the perspective of thinkers in this field by citing examples of architecture in the Islamic era. In this qualitative research, the possibilitie More
        The purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Islamic form and its relationship with meaning in Islamic art, from the perspective of thinkers in this field by citing examples of architecture in the Islamic era. In this qualitative research, the possibilities of form in the excellence of Islamic art, beauty criteria from the perspective of Islamic sages, and considering the formal elements in the architecture of the Tabatabaei family's house were described and analyzed. The results of this research can be summarized as follows; from the point of view of known Islamic philosophers, the importance of the form in the excellence of Islamic art is that the audience approaches the spiritual experience through this art. In comparing the position of the form in Islamic aesthetics with the concept of form in Western aesthetic thinking, it is evident that the role of the Islamic form is in discovering and recognizing mysteries in the phenomena, and the importance of this role can only be identified in the connection between the form and its meaning. Islamic formal elements such as centrism and geometry, symbol and code, light and color, and abstraction have clear evidence in artistic works such as carpet art, painting, calligraphy, and architecture in the Islamic era. In a case study of the Tabatabaei house, elements such as center and geometry, code and symbol, color and light, and abstraction connect sublime concepts such as unity, goodness, perfection, and beauty. Manuscript profile
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        81 - A Comparative Study of Moulavi’serfani -Critical Mysticism based on Critical Aesthetics of ‘Frankfort School’A case study of the story ‘Lion and forest animals’ in Masnavi, First Book
        Aboulfazl Ghanizadeh Hosein Arian
        Frankfort school is a philosophical, intellectual source founded by German intellectuals in 20th century with a socio-critical approach. The aesthetic theory tends to be the most principal drive of this school. Unlike the proponents of the theory- the submission method More
        Frankfort school is a philosophical, intellectual source founded by German intellectuals in 20th century with a socio-critical approach. The aesthetic theory tends to be the most principal drive of this school. Unlike the proponents of the theory- the submission method of two sociology schools: (a) old traditional (Madam Duvstal and Hippolyte Taine) who just focused on social issues in the literature, and (b) newer traditional (George Koumaj and Lucien Goldman) who could not surpass the social interests and the structure of social unit- the thinkers of Frankfort school believe in the informativeness, independence, logical and revolutionary nature of art and try to evaluate the originality of an artistic work based on theses insights. This paper deals with four above-mentioned concepts, i.e. the critical aspect of art, the ideological nature of art (political component), revolutionary approach, and the independence nature of artistic work. Analysin the story of ‘Lion and forest animals’ of Moulavi, it was revealed that-unlike the surface layer in which most scholars of Masnavi deal with- in the underlying layers of the this story, there resides a special revolutionary, critical and mystical style. Manuscript profile
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        82 - Investigating the Aesthetic Role in Influencing the Sufi Poems of Ibn Fariz and Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari
        Fatemeh Gooshehneshin
        Through the lens of aesthetics, the poets' inner thoughts, inner worlds and emotions can be reached to achieve a correct insight and complete knowledge of the poets, and through this, he entered the corners of their minds and reflected on their poems with more understan More
        Through the lens of aesthetics, the poets' inner thoughts, inner worlds and emotions can be reached to achieve a correct insight and complete knowledge of the poets, and through this, he entered the corners of their minds and reflected on their poems with more understanding and insight. The poems of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, one of the great mystics of the eighth century, are among the outstanding works of Persian literature that have a special place in answering epistemological and mystical ambiguities. On the other hand, Ibn Farid Masri is one of the Arab poets of the Abbasid era who is unique in composing mystical poems. In this literary essay, the mystical poems of Ibn Fariz and Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari have been studied from an aesthetic point of view in several branches of unity, perfection and beauty, appropriateness, lexical coherence, emotion and imagination. The results of the research show that both poets have written beautiful poems in a unique style with regard to the principles of balance, unity, certain limit, order and artistic imagery in metaphors and similes. Has been addressed. Manuscript profile
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        83 - Considering the Perception and Manifestation in Dual Approaches on Aesthetics based on Islamic Mystical Aesthetics
        Mohammad Ali Sistani Azadeh Shahcheraghi Hamid Majedi
        In the modern age, the aesthetics subject, has become involved the identity crisis and lack of codified theoretical basis. There are no principles arising from Islamic belief basis based on Iranian culture and identity or Islamic mysticism as the most important source o More
        In the modern age, the aesthetics subject, has become involved the identity crisis and lack of codified theoretical basis. There are no principles arising from Islamic belief basis based on Iranian culture and identity or Islamic mysticism as the most important source of Islamic aesthetics. The researchers have always studied the aesthetic origin and the cause of that from different point of views. But among this, there are two mutual views of which the first one, has known the semantic roots manifested in the existent as the reason and the second one, has known the aesthetic as the effect of human's perception (subject) from the objective aspects of the effect (object). The first approaches are based on the manifestation concept and the second ones are based on the perception concept. Three views selected in the present research include the pre-modern and post- modern aesthetic, the exalted and sensible aesthetic and aesthetic according to the traditionalists and realists (in the Islamic aesthetics). in this research, at first two concepts of manifestation and perception have been studied as the basic concepts. Then the dual approaches belonging to the above subjects were explained. The criteria of these three dual tendencies were extracted and the final conclusions were obtained by their comparison. Mysticism as the main source of beauty in the Islamic world and the manifestation-based approaches in the first category and the perception-based approaches in the second category verified the research hypotheses. This research has been performed in the theoretical aspect and with the librarian studies and by indexation tool. The research method was applied –based research and strategically was the analytical – descriptive research. Manuscript profile
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        84 - جنسیت مترجمان و انتقال عوامل زیبایی شناختی در ترجمه نثر قافیه دار
        Reza Keramat Hafeze Raees Yazdi
        10.30495/jntell.2022.694900
         هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه احتمالی جنسیت مترجمان و انتقال عوامل زیبایی‌شناختی در ترجمه نثر قافیه‌ دار بود. این هدف با استفاده از آزمون ها و تحلیل های توصیفی، مقایسه ای و رابطه ای محقق شد. یک پروتکل ترجمه شامل 10 جمله نثر قافیه دار که توسط 25 دانشجوی دختر و 25 دانش More
         هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رابطه احتمالی جنسیت مترجمان و انتقال عوامل زیبایی‌شناختی در ترجمه نثر قافیه‌ دار بود. این هدف با استفاده از آزمون ها و تحلیل های توصیفی، مقایسه ای و رابطه ای محقق شد. یک پروتکل ترجمه شامل 10 جمله نثر قافیه دار که توسط 25 دانشجوی دختر و 25 دانشجوی پسر کارشناسی مترجمی انگلیسی ترجمه شده است. دانشجویان از بین 115 دانش‌آموز طی یک سری فرآیند انتخاب شدند. جملات نثر قافیه دار ترجمه شده توسط دو ارزیاب با تمرکز بر مدل کیفیت وادینگتون مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل مقالات ارزیابی شده، محققان به این نتیجه رسیدند که شرکت کنندگان پسر عمدتاً بر روی لغت و شکل جملات نثر قافیه دار تمرکز کردند، در حالی که شرکت کنندگان زن عمدتاً روی معنی و نکات دستوری تمرکز داشتند. بنابراین شرکت کنندگان مرد توانستند عوامل زیبایی شناختی را بهتر منتقل کنند و مشخص شد که بین جنسیت مترجم و انتقال عوامل زیبایی شناختی در ترجمه نثر قافیه رابطه وجود دارد. محققان با استفاده از آزمون تی به این نتیجه رسیدند که رابطه بین موضوعات فوق معنی دار است.  Manuscript profile
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        85 - Cassida palaestina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new record for the chrysomelid fauna of Iran
        Hossein Moradian Hadi Ostovan Mostafa Haghani
        Samples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and c More
        Samples of the tortoise beetles genus Cassida were collected on Centaurea behen L. across Gachsaran district during a 2-year period between 2008 and 2009. The beetle was identified as Cassida palaestina Reiche. This species is recorded for the first time from Iran and considered an important natural control agent feeding on weedy herbs such as Centaurea behen L.  Manuscript profile
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        86 - Examining the aspects of musical aesthetics of Nusrat Rahmani's group (Kooch and Kavir).
        ali khooshechin koros karimpasandi naeeme kia lashaki vajihe torkamani barandoozi
        Abstract:Music is one of the prominent features of language and music of speech is one of the most prominent manifestations of poetry. Poetry does not have much effect and beauty without having musical aspects. One of the main characteristics of Nimayi poetry, in compar More
        Abstract:Music is one of the prominent features of language and music of speech is one of the most prominent manifestations of poetry. Poetry does not have much effect and beauty without having musical aspects. One of the main characteristics of Nimayi poetry, in comparison with classical poetry, is the evolution in the types of verbal music and the use of its types. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, the types of music (external, lateral, internal and spiritual) in Nosrat Rahmani's "Koch va Kavir" collection have been studied. The results show that Rahmani in this collection has used internal music (types of repetitions and puns) to create a kind of unity in the axis of companionship and the effect of his words. To create fit, beauty and rhythm of his poems, he has used external and side music. In this section, Rahmani has used about twelve prosody weights. Most of his quatrains in this collection are without "rows" and only the rhyme forms the side music. He has also used the aesthetic elements of speech such as (simile, metaphor, proportion, paradox, sensuality, symbol, permissible and contradiction) to add semantic richness and strengthen the spiritual music of his words. And finally, the use of pure and beautiful combinations with respect to the connection with music and imagination, has caused it to be closer to the ultimate goal of poetry. Manuscript profile
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        87 - Aesthetic aspects of Quranic verses in Marzban Nameh
        heshmat gheisari
        Abstract:Marzbannameh is one of the Persian masterpieces of allegorical literature in artificial prose, which has been translated from the ancient Tabari language into Dari Persian by the prominent writer and author of the seventh century AH, Saad al-Din Varavini.The di More
        Abstract:Marzbannameh is one of the Persian masterpieces of allegorical literature in artificial prose, which has been translated from the ancient Tabari language into Dari Persian by the prominent writer and author of the seventh century AH, Saad al-Din Varavini.The distinctive feature of this book is that it is decorated with verbal and spiritual arrangements, among which the share of Quranic verses is very high and has a high frequency.This research, with analytical-content method, examines the aesthetic aspects of Quranic verses in Marzban Nameh from the perspective of the role of Quranic verses in the literary beauty of the book Marzban Nameh, the author's goals of using Quranic verses and the ways in which Quranic verses appear in the text of the book Gives. Research results shows that the author in the prose of the book has paid more attention to the guarantee and adaptation of Quranic verses than other literary arrays. In fact, in addition to combining the meanings and embellishing the prose of the book, the verses of the Qur'an have been used extensively to enrich the contents and to present arguments and examples. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Introduction of pyr-v –jvan Mirza Naseer Esfahani and Analysis of Aesthetics of on the language structure of Jacobson
        roghayeh porrostam leyla adlparvar mojtaba safaralizadeh
        < p >In the present study, with the aim of identifying and introducing the pyr-v -jvan , Mirza Nasir Isfahani, the linguistic and rhetorical features of this work have been analyzed based on Jacobson''s linguistic theory. Jakobson has used six aspects of communica More
        < p >In the present study, with the aim of identifying and introducing the pyr-v -jvan , Mirza Nasir Isfahani, the linguistic and rhetorical features of this work have been analyzed based on Jacobson''s linguistic theory. Jakobson has used six aspects of communication theory in literature: 1. message (literary role) 2. Message sender (writer or poet) 3. recipients (contacts) 4. codes (rules and norms of language) 5. contact fields (social and cultural status) 6. contact ducts (words or sounds). pyr-v -jvan poetry was written in the 12th century AH in the Zandieh era, and the subject of this conversation is old and young in the subject of sadness and love. A review of this work is illustrated by the Jakobson theory, The result shows: At the heart of the process of communication among the six roles is the literary role of language because of the variety of texts, especially in the first part of the poem. t has influenced other linguistic roles and has led to aesthetics Manuscript profile
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        89 - The aesthetic analysis of mythological contradictions in Attar's poems
        Atie Mashaheri Fard Mohammad Veysi
        Abstract Contradiction and Conflict are an important theme within the field of philosophy and mysticism. One could argue that dichotomies are necessary categories without which the world can’t be apprehended. In addition to extending the capacity of meaning, Contr More
        Abstract Contradiction and Conflict are an important theme within the field of philosophy and mysticism. One could argue that dichotomies are necessary categories without which the world can’t be apprehended. In addition to extending the capacity of meaning, Contradiction and Conflict have an outstanding role in aesthetics of literary text. Mythical oppositions are one of the frequent elements in Attar’s poem. Analyzing the mythical opposition in Attar’s poems, it has been tried in present paper to clarify the role of mythical opposition in beauty creation and to make it clear how and in what ways the aesthetic aspect have strengthened poetry. The results of this analysis show that the aesthetic value of the mythological contradictions is due to the types of emotions that are being transmitted to the audience. The mythical oppositions in Attar's poetry convey emotion to the audience in two ways and thereby create aesthetic pleasure in him: 1- through representation and allegory; 2- through the creation of a sense of oneness and unity. Manuscript profile
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        90 - The Role of Adjective as a Device in the Aesthetics Of Modern Poetry
        hadi heidarinia aliye mehrabi
        < p >Poetry seeks to achieve the most beautiful kind of speech and poet uses all his linguistic, musical, and eloquent abilities to elevate his speech from the aesthetics point of view. The aesthetics of poetry is examined in two aspects. External aspect including More
        < p >Poetry seeks to achieve the most beautiful kind of speech and poet uses all his linguistic, musical, and eloquent abilities to elevate his speech from the aesthetics point of view. The aesthetics of poetry is examined in two aspects. External aspect including language, music, imagination, and internal aspect including content, emotion, and thought. In the Meanwhile, the role of each text''s element in the aesthetics of the work can be noticed because in one text all its components and different elements have a role in the creation of work''s beauty. Adjectives in poetry, in addition to their grammatical and syntactic roles, also have emotional, discursive, and eloquent meaning in direction of work''s beauty. Therefore, adjectives in literary piece or poetry, according to the role they have, can be named as device which applies to all the elements of poetry that are effective in the aesthetics of the text. The results of this study show that the poet''s creativity in using adjective, in addition to creating spiritual music in the modern poetry, can have a great effect on the creation of emotional atmosphere of modern poetry., due to the high frequency of poets'' use of adjectives in new poetry to strengthen internal and spiritual music, in addition to their use of the technique of creating compound adjectives; on the freshness and dynamism of their poetic language in comparison with poetry Traditional has been added. Adjectives play an important role in the field of imagination Manuscript profile
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        91 - Aesthetics of artistic images in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi
        hossein azizpour moallem HOSINALI PASHAPASANDI sozan jahanian
        Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a mirror of the whole of Iranian history, culture and art, in which situations, people, conversations, scenes and events are described with an artistic expression, and novel, attractive and beautiful images are presented to the reader. But how an More
        Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is a mirror of the whole of Iranian history, culture and art, in which situations, people, conversations, scenes and events are described with an artistic expression, and novel, attractive and beautiful images are presented to the reader. But how and by what tricks Ferdowsi created such a beautiful image has been the main subject of this research and an attempt has been made to examine the secret of beauty and charm of the great Ferdowsi's artistic illustrations in Shahnameh, especially from an expressive and novel perspective. This research is a descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and the results show that Ferdowsi with his unique mastery - which indicates the poet's mastery of the spirit of the Persian language - using the element of tone and its masterful combination with content and the use of imaginary forms such as similes, metaphors, allusions and metaphors, phonological and lexical compositions and combining it with original arrays such as repetition and phonemes, good reasoning, exaggeration, observance, etc., could show the peak of artistic images. It is unique in its kind. Manuscript profile
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        92 - A study of aesthetic effects in Ali Babachahi's poems (Case study: seven collections of poetry)
        Mahboobeh Shirgardoon
        Beauty has a deep connection with poetry. In the aesthetics of poetry, imagination, music and novel elements are the most important factors in the beauty of poetry. These beauty factors are not specific to a period and the poet, but in the contemporary era, the role of More
        Beauty has a deep connection with poetry. In the aesthetics of poetry, imagination, music and novel elements are the most important factors in the beauty of poetry. These beauty factors are not specific to a period and the poet, but in the contemporary era, the role of these factors has become more colorful. One of these contemporary poets is Ali Babachahi, he is from Bushehr and is from the land of waves and sea and is a naturalist poet; For this reason, one can examine the aesthetic effects in his poems. In our studies, we have come to the conclusion that most of his poems are based on descriptions and similes, and that natural elements are most used in his similes and metaphors. Most metaphors are sensory to sensory. In terms of spiritual music, the contradiction in his poetry mostly includes the contradiction between two names and adjectives, which expresses the opposition of good and bad in his life. Literary allusions have a special place, he has established a deep connection between his poetry and his senses through sensuality. Phonetic and phonetic elements such as phonetics and puns play an important role in the inner coherence of his poetry. Repetition is the most widely used method in his poetry. In foreign music, he has used most of the usual weights of Persian poetry and most of the weights are gentle. Rhyme and line have been very effective for the richness of the poem and the musical appeal of his speech. Manuscript profile
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        93 - A study of the aesthetics of language and literary arrays in Saadi poetry
        shahrbanoo ranjbar Mohammad ali Davood abadi mohammad reza zaman ahmadi
        If we do not call Sheikh Ajal, Saadi Shirin Sokhan, the lord of Persian poetry and literature, we should undoubtedly and without exaggeration consider him one of the brightest stars in the vast expanse of Persian language, literature and culture. As the great and pionee More
        If we do not call Sheikh Ajal, Saadi Shirin Sokhan, the lord of Persian poetry and literature, we should undoubtedly and without exaggeration consider him one of the brightest stars in the vast expanse of Persian language, literature and culture. As the great and pioneers of Persian literature know Saadi's words and expression as eloquence, rhetoric, simplicity and beauty, these characteristics have caused Sheikh Shiraz's words to continue to capture the hearts of his audience from all walks of life despite centuries of conquest. Saadi's poems are pleasant, concise and tangible for all Persian speakers. What has been exuded from Saadi's pen is in a beautiful word, and this beauty attracts Saadi's poetry. Saadi is a unique master of language, whether in the level of words and phrases, or in the method of effective and captivating sentences and endings, or in the use and invention of literary innovations and arrays, or in creative illustrations. Saadi connects all these great masters in composing poetry with his pure feeling, emotion and exemplary humanity, and according to his own words, if the speaker speaks, the reader will feel this unique beauty. In fact, for this reason, it must be said that Saadi is a poet of beauty and aesthetics. Manuscript profile
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        94 - The aesthetics of puns in the court of Shab al-Zarif
        Esmaeil Eslami
        Punishment is one of the most important literary techniques and verbal arrays that increase the music of poetry and its beauty. Given the importance of this industry in the field of poetry and literature and its impact on the beauty of poetry, the present study is dedic More
        Punishment is one of the most important literary techniques and verbal arrays that increase the music of poetry and its beauty. Given the importance of this industry in the field of poetry and literature and its impact on the beauty of poetry, the present study is dedicated to examining the beauty of puns in the poetry of one of the most powerful Arabic-speaking poets of the Syrian land named Shab Al-Zarif; Because this poet wrote pleasant and delicate poems and was very skilled in using all kinds of novel crafts to the extent that his poems were accepted by the literati. This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library studies. The result of the research shows that Shab Al-Zarif has used all kinds of puns in expressing his desired concepts and themes. He has used this array in different ways and in a very beautiful and desirable way in his divan and he has been very successful in this field. The use of this array has also had a great impact on the melody of the poem, the rhythm of the words, the strength of the link between word and meaning, increasing the musical aspect of the poem and finally attracting the audience. Manuscript profile
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        95 - Examining Salman Herati's poems from the point of view of content aesthetics
        Mazaher Zamani Nematsara
        Salman Herati is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, by using simple language and creating pure and fresh compositions, was able to express many of his social and political, ritual, religious and idealistic concerns in his poems. He has never sacrificed the con More
        Salman Herati is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, by using simple language and creating pure and fresh compositions, was able to express many of his social and political, ritual, religious and idealistic concerns in his poems. He has never sacrificed the content and theme of his poems to the surface and external layers of the poem (rhyme and weight...), but his poems are always in terms of literary creations, melody, simple and clear language, careful choice of words, beautiful descriptions, imagination. Strong, the harmony of image and emotion, artistic and story techniques, the use of historical and mythological elements, and having a deep meaning and concept, have been worthy of attention. In this article, which is written in an analytical-descriptive way, attention is paid to the most significant content and conceptual expressions from the perspective of intellectual aesthetics in Salman Herati's poems. The obtained results show that Salman is interested in concepts and approaches such as idealism and libertarianism, ritual and religious attitudes, martyrdom and martyrdom, patriotism, revolution, manifestations of resistance and stability, nature, resurrection and death, love. , justice and anti-colonialism and some social components such as philanthropy have paid special attention, and among these things, religious and ritual themes as well as politeness have shown more special attention. Manuscript profile
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        96 - Aesthetic study of postmodern sonnets based on the poems of Reza Braheni and Seyed Mehdi Mousavi
        yasra tahmasbizade shahrokh hekmat
        The school of postmodernism became popular in Iran in the 1970s through the translation of Western works and the travel of poets and writers to Western countries. Unlike modernism, this school tended to go back in time and borrow from myths and antiquity. The works of t More
        The school of postmodernism became popular in Iran in the 1970s through the translation of Western works and the travel of poets and writers to Western countries. Unlike modernism, this school tended to go back in time and borrow from myths and antiquity. The works of this school have important differences with other literary schools and are often ambiguous and complex. Reza Braheni and Seyed Mehdi Mousavi are two poets of this type of poetry, whose poems have been studied aesthetically in this study. Braheni himself is one of the theorists of postmodernist poetry and in his poems the components of postmodernism can be seen more. . The postmodern components in the poems of these two poets include such things as: white writing, semantic avoidance, frequent repetitions, lexical and grammatical aberration, familiarization, but the way these elements are used is different. Braheni's poems are in the form of Nimai and have postmodern elements in terms of image and writing; But Mousavi has written more in the form of classical poetry with the same stanzas of poetry. Manuscript profile
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        97 - Aesthetic aspects of myth (In the mind and language of Mehdi Akhavan Sales ("M-Omid"))
        mohsen ghorbanzadeh mohamadreza shad amir arian mehdi mahoozi
        The Third Brotherhood, with an understanding of the history of ancient Iran and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh in epics, myths and mythical narrations, reconstructs with its mind and language, and sometimes from Nezami in Bazm and from Attar and Rumi, Saadi and Hafez in love and More
        The Third Brotherhood, with an understanding of the history of ancient Iran and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh in epics, myths and mythical narrations, reconstructs with its mind and language, and sometimes from Nezami in Bazm and from Attar and Rumi, Saadi and Hafez in love and mysticism and from Naser Khosrow and Iqbal and Nima in Awakening and Shahabuddin Suhrawardi in connection with wisdom and mysticism or myths of ancient Iran with his own literature beautifully narrates the myths.Using the works of the Brotherhood and other sources, we came to the conclusion that the most important goal of the Brotherhood in its works has been to awaken the sections of society. The main question of the research has been answered: what is the place of "aesthetics" in the mythology of the poems, mind and language of the Brotherhood? We have reached this conclusion. The Brotherhood has been more influenced by the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi in the ancient history of Iran.But there is a subtle and fundamental difference with the idea of ​​'pure Ferdowsi', in which Ferdowsi quotes myths but does not interfere with his firm belief. Be .... Manuscript profile
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        98 - Aesthetics of metafiction in Reza Amirkhani's postmodern novels
        Azardokht Khatibi Rahim Taher reza fahimi
        As one of the most common types of postmodern stories, metafiction is a way in which the narrator mentions the process of being a story and story writing during the story. Reza Amirkhani, a prominent contemporary Iranian novelist, has a postmodernist approach in some of More
        As one of the most common types of postmodern stories, metafiction is a way in which the narrator mentions the process of being a story and story writing during the story. Reza Amirkhani, a prominent contemporary Iranian novelist, has a postmodernist approach in some of his novels and tries to direct his writings to the beyond through different methods. The authors of this research have investigated the aesthetics of metafiction in Amirkhani's novels by relying on the descriptive-analytical method, and in addition to definitions of metafiction and aesthetics based on the opinions of experts, they have examined the methods used by Amirkhani for the beauty of metafiction. This research shows that Amirkhani's use of language tricks such as marked names, repetition, separate writing of words, colloquial and colloquial language, multilingualism and language and verbal games, and literary tricks such as metaphor, simile, irony, adaptation and contrast in his novels cause The beauty has become a myth and it has been successfully created by the creation of the myth. Manuscript profile
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        99 - Aesthetics of self-censorship in prose works of the Mughal period )Relying on JahangOsha and Naftha al-Masdoor(
        Mohammad Amin Rajbi Reza Sadeghi Shahpar Shahrooz Jamali
        Self-censorship is an action during which the author takes into account the political and social conditions of the society and for the purpose of self-censorship, it is one of the actions taken by the author or poet, based on reasons such as the influence of individual More
        Self-censorship is an action during which the author takes into account the political and social conditions of the society and for the purpose of self-censorship, it is one of the actions taken by the author or poet, based on reasons such as the influence of individual power, social, political, religious and belief conditions and under the cover of titles such as Self-restraint and expediency are applied to the produced works. This action can be seen in the works of most authors of the Mughal period. Attamalek Joyni and Zaydri Nesvi are among these writers; Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of aesthetic investigation of self-censorship in Jahangasha and Naftha al-Masdoor; In order to clarify the beauty and self-censorship topics in the works of these two prominent writers of the Mongol era. The authors' method in this essay is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies. The results show that the authors of this period have played a major role in the beauty of this literary phenomenon by being ambiguous and using techniques and techniques such as metaphor, allegory, symbol, code and irony, and complexity. Manuscript profile
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        100 - Aesthetics of speech in the poems of Maulana Mohammad Baqer Kashani (Khordeh)
        Abed Karimi Asghar Rezaporian
        Music is one of the essentials of visual and auditory beauty. There are few words that can come to life and be far away from this important factor, that is, music. Almost all the ancient literature of Iran is tied to this art, and in the past, even though they did not h More
        Music is one of the essentials of visual and auditory beauty. There are few words that can come to life and be far away from this important factor, that is, music. Almost all the ancient literature of Iran is tied to this art, and in the past, even though they did not have a formal and fundamental understanding of it, they used it in the most beautiful way and created masterpieces of poetry and prose. Therefore, one of the factors that created the beauty and charm of Maulana Mohammad Baqer Khurde Kashani's poems is the aesthetics, the music of his words and the melody of his language. The beauty of poetry music is one of the main components of poetic language and it implies the sequence, order and arrangement of poetic words to express the feelings, emotions and poetic themes as beautifully as possible. In this research, which aims to investigate the aesthetic aspects of Maulana Mohammad Baqer Khurda Kashani's poetry, an attempt is made to analyze the musical element in Baqer Khurda's poems in a descriptive-analytical way, so the music of Baqer Khurda's poems in two topics of external music and The side music has been checked. The result of this research shows that one of the factors that contributes significantly to the good reputation of Baqir Khord and his poems is his poetic music, which relies more on external, side and spiritual music. Manuscript profile
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        101 - Aesthetics of Plot element of iranian novels of the eighties (A case study in the selected works of Zoya Pirzad, Seyed Abbas Maroufi and Muniro Roufipour)
        jalal barari assd mohammareza mohsen izadyar
        In this research, the aesthetics of the plot element of selected novels from three contemporary authors (Seyed Abbas Maroofi, Zoya Pirzad and Moni Ravanipour) based on its structure (beginning and ending of story, conflict, suspense, etc.) has been studied and analyzed. More
        In this research, the aesthetics of the plot element of selected novels from three contemporary authors (Seyed Abbas Maroofi, Zoya Pirzad and Moni Ravanipour) based on its structure (beginning and ending of story, conflict, suspense, etc.) has been studied and analyzed.The purpose of this study is to compare aesthetics and the application of literary techniques in different types of plots of selected novels. This research is a theoretical type which has been done by descriptive-analytical approach. In the descriptive section, information has been collected through library resources and in content analysis, aesthetics of the elements of the selected novels have been studied accurately. By studying the aesthetics of the plot element of selected novels and special emphasis on its structure, it has been concluded that the aesthetics of the plots of selected novels can be divided into five types: a) complex plot using literary techniques. b) Complicated plot without the use of literary techniques. (c) Medium size. d) Simple plot using literary techniques. E) Simple plot without using literary techniques. Aesthetics in the plot of the novel "Paykar Farhad" have caused the creation of a complex plot using many literary techniques. In the novels "Melted" and "Fereydoun Had Three Sons," the plot of novels is complex without the use of literary techniques. ""The Gypsy by the Fire" is a novel with a mediocre plot. The novels "All Special" and "I Turn Off the Lights" are novels with simple plots using literary techniques. Manuscript profile
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        102 - Investigation of the reflection of vocal music in the aesthetics and content of Ali Akbar Shida, Rahi Mo'ayyeri, Shahriar
        maryam dalili hossengholi sayyadi zheela serati rajab tohidiyan
        music has a long history importance of music in the cultural background of the society, the association of poets with musicians, their activity in the field of music, has created a link between music and Persian poetry. in this field influenced their poetry. In the pres More
        music has a long history importance of music in the cultural background of the society, the association of poets with musicians, their activity in the field of music, has created a link between music and Persian poetry. in this field influenced their poetry. In the present study, the poems of three musical poets: Ali Akbar Shida, Rahi Mo'ayyeri, Mohammad Hossein Shahriar have been analyzed from the perspective of paying attention to vocal music and its effect on their poetry with a stylistic approach. Ali Akbar Shida is a great ballad composer and all his poems are composed, Mo'ayyeri wrote several ballads and had direct contact with musicians. Shahriar himself was a musician and while socializing with musicians, he also played an instrument. The results of the research show: that poets' familiarity with vocal music and collaboration with musicians have influenced the music of poetry, the beautification and content of their poetry. The music of their poetry is in accordance with the rhythm and harmony of the music, as it is suitable for singing, and most of their poems are composed. . In the aesthetics and content, they used musical terms, there are many arrays of similes, allusions, puns, and Congeries. n the theme of the poem, in the lyrical content, they have used musical words, they have expressed the description of love, persecution and unfaithfulness of the beloved, personal and social sorrows, loneliness and solitude with musical terms. Manuscript profile
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        103 - Investigation of the literary beauty of the neglected rhetoric in Persian interpretive texts
        ahmad nazari masood sepahvandi ghasem sahraei
        Extracting literary points and beauties, due to the miraculousness of the Quran, has always been prosperous among rhetoricians. Based on this, many early commentators of the Quran, in their writings, while discussing other Quranic issues, have also spoken about rhetoric More
        Extracting literary points and beauties, due to the miraculousness of the Quran, has always been prosperous among rhetoricians. Based on this, many early commentators of the Quran, in their writings, while discussing other Quranic issues, have also spoken about rhetoric in order to understand the miracles of this holy book and to find its artistic crafts, unfortunately, some of the literary beauties of their words, Until now, it has remained far from the eyes of the scholars of rhetoric or has been given less attention. Since receiving the explanatory notes and subtleties not only reveals the rhetorical wonders of this holy book, but also reveals its hidden meanings and hidden treasures, so that rhetoricians can learn more about the literary beauty of texts and hidden meanings. It is necessary for them to benefit from the discovery, examination and analysis of these beauties from their writings. The present article is a research in which the authors have tried after examining the books of Persian rhetoric with an analytical-descriptive method, as well as through library studies and direct reference to the Persian interpretations of the Holy Qur'an, the literary beauties that have remained away from the eyes of the rhetoricians, or After analyzing the examples, the authors conclude that in the early interpretations of the Qur'an, there are special crafts such as: the occasion, the suitable word, the halal dawn, the grace of zikr and the grace. The mentioned and... have been used Manuscript profile
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        104 - Analyzing the phonetic and lexical aesthetics of the collections (Akher Shahnameh and Azan Avesta) of the Akhwan sales with a norm-avoidance approach
        ali khooshechin naeeme kia lashaki vajihe torkamani barandoozi koros karimpasandi
        Literary aesthetics is one of the most important and significant methods of investigating the concepts and themes of literary points and the manifestation of the beauties in the language of poetry, which has been given a lot of attention. Phonetic and lexical levels are More
        Literary aesthetics is one of the most important and significant methods of investigating the concepts and themes of literary points and the manifestation of the beauties in the language of poetry, which has been given a lot of attention. Phonetic and lexical levels are among the areas that can be investigated in the language field according to the theory of "norm avoidance". This means that the developments that occur in the phonetic level of the language ultimately cause its stylistic identification in the musical field. Examining lexical aesthetics also has a decisive role in distinguishing the style of poets' poetry. This article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way, is devoted to the investigation of phonetic and lexical aesthetics in two prominent works of the Third Brotherhood (from this Avesta - the last of the Shahnameh). The obtained results indicate that Mehdi Akhwan Al-Talihi chose deviation from standard language rules as a method for creating pure poetic themes and creating stylistic distinction in musical and linguistic fields. In phonetic aesthetics, Akhwan has used processes such as: Abdal, ghosts, relief, intensification, deletion and addition in the most beautiful way. The lexical aesthetic of Akhwan has also been done mostly in the areas of composition and archaism in the fields of (noun-verb-adjective and letter). Manuscript profile
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        105 - Aesthetics of four literary virtues in Diwan Shab al-Zarif
        Esmaeil Eslami
        Shab al-Zarif is one of the Syrian Arabic-language poets of the Mamluk period who was very skilled in the use of various genres and literary arrays. Among his beautiful and interesting arrays are four arrays: Hasan Tahir, Hassan Khatam, Hassan Tafam and Hassan Talil. In More
        Shab al-Zarif is one of the Syrian Arabic-language poets of the Mamluk period who was very skilled in the use of various genres and literary arrays. Among his beautiful and interesting arrays are four arrays: Hasan Tahir, Hassan Khatam, Hassan Tafam and Hassan Talil. In the present research, these four literary virtues in Shab al-Zarif's Diwan are examined from the aspect of aesthetics. The author of the present essay has done it in a descriptive-analytical way and based on library studies and has come to the conclusion that Shab al-Zarif has used the four literary virtues: Hassan Tahir, Hassan Khatam, Hassan Tafam, and Hassan Talil in a very artistic way. These merits, Hasan Talil compared to other cases, due to being accompanied by expressive arrays such as similes and metaphors, are among the imaginative and imaginative forms of rhetoric. By taking advantage of these literary qualities, Shab al-Zarif has increased the grace and prosperity of his speech after establishing his speech and meeting the needs of the audience, and has finally attracted the attention of the audience. Manuscript profile
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        106 - Aesthetic analysis of the tone in Massoud Saad Salman's imprisonments
        ali ASMANDJUNEGANI
        One of the sub-branches of Ghanaian literature in Persian is Ḥabsiyeh or prison name. Among Iranian poets, Masoud Saad has the most imprisonment. His poetry of imprisonment in the context of words expresses various tones that play a significant role in creating atmosphe More
        One of the sub-branches of Ghanaian literature in Persian is Ḥabsiyeh or prison name. Among Iranian poets, Masoud Saad has the most imprisonment. His poetry of imprisonment in the context of words expresses various tones that play a significant role in creating atmosphere and conveying his message. The constituent elements of different tones in Abyssinia have influenced the connection with the reader and the aesthetic of his poetry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in creating tone and its types in Masoud Saad's habisiyeh. In this research, we have investigated the factors that were effective in the variety of tone in his poetry with library tools using descriptive and analytical method, and we have come to the conclusion that many elements such as images, music, sounds and tones suitable for confinement, weight, vocabulary, from The factors that create the tone in Masoud Saad's imprisonments are: he has used protesting, aggressive, complaining, sad, helpless, etc. tones in making his imprisonments. This variety of tone has an effect on his success in conveying the message, for this reason, without understanding the type of tone, it is difficult to understand the meaning and structure of his poetry Manuscript profile
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        107 - The survey of internal music and repetition in the poems of Maulana Mohammad Baqir Khorde
        Abed Karimi Asghar Rezaporian
        Poetry is the transmission of experience through the presentation of unexpected methods. Composition of phrases is one of the highlighting methods. Maulana Mohammad Baqer Khorde is one of the prominent poets of the Safavid era. He is one of the phrase composer poets. Va More
        Poetry is the transmission of experience through the presentation of unexpected methods. Composition of phrases is one of the highlighting methods. Maulana Mohammad Baqer Khorde is one of the prominent poets of the Safavid era. He is one of the phrase composer poets. Various musical effects are seen in the poetic compositions. Music is one of the building elements of poetry, which is divided into three categories. External music (prosodic aspect of poetry), side music (epistrophe and rhyme), internal music (types of balances resulting from verbal communication and semantic proportions). In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the poetic phrase compositions of the Diwan manuscript of Maulana Mohammad Baqer Khorde Kashani's poetry from the perspective of inner music. The obtained results show that he used internal music to create a kind of unity in The axis of companionship and succession in poetry. In addition to the appropriateness, beauty and effect of the words, the linguistic richness of the poem and the semantic load of the compositions are also added. He has shown that he has achieved the ultimate goal of poetry, which is to express the meaning and inner meaning of poetry, by observing the appropriateness and connection between music and poetry with other elements. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Investigation of the aesthetics of the element of imagination in the characterization of the giant based on 2 fantasy fiction works "Asrar al-Ghulan DVD" "Kind Giant" based on Freud's theory
        nazita barzegar Shahrokh Hekmat alisarvar yaghobi
        Abstract: In the fiction literature of children and teenagers, the importance of fantasy and the influence of imagination has a special place. Considering the beauty of the components of imagination in creating an effective work, it shows the mental ability and the powe More
        Abstract: In the fiction literature of children and teenagers, the importance of fantasy and the influence of imagination has a special place. Considering the beauty of the components of imagination in creating an effective work, it shows the mental ability and the power of visualization in creating artistic effects that the author uses audience knowledge in the process of imagination to plan challenging and attractive situations through characterizations and The staging deals with it.In processing the imagination in the work of art, writers will be successful if they choose wisely and act purposefully.In this research, the author aims to analyze the aesthetics of imagination components in the characterization of the giant in two novels, The Great Kind Ghul by Roald Dahl and DVD Asrar al-Ghul by Mohammad Reza Marzouqi, in the form of content analysis and based on the psychological theory of imagination and characterization. Freud and with a documentary-library method, investigate and deal with the effect and importance of the role of imagination in the story and it can be concluded that the authors who have paid attention to the aesthetics of the imagination components in their work by increasing the quality of the story, attract the audience. have also been successful. Manuscript profile
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        109 - Aesthetics of Iranian mythological and epic figures in Rumi's poems
        Fatemeh Hajjeforush morteza Razaghpoor Reza Sadeghi Shahpar
        Myths and mythical and epic figures are one of the important and valuable fields of culture of different nations, which have preserved their fundamental connection with poetry in various ways. Iranian poets have commented on these mythical and Iranian figures according More
        Myths and mythical and epic figures are one of the important and valuable fields of culture of different nations, which have preserved their fundamental connection with poetry in various ways. Iranian poets have commented on these mythical and Iranian figures according to their attitude. The presence of these elements in Molvi's poems shows the prosperity, continuity and dynamism of these myths. Now, if the element of imagination is included in the myth, due to its aesthetic nature, it adds to the aesthetic aspect of myths and epics. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to investigate the aesthetic aspect of Iranian mythological and epic characters and figures in Rumi's poems, relying on Masnavi Ma'navi and Divan Shams. This essay is done with a descriptive-analytical method and looks at the mystical function of myth from Joseph Campbell's point of view. Results show that the presence of these mythological and epic figures shows the recognition and attachment of Rumi to ancient stories, mythological and epic characters of the Shahnameh. Also, among the literary arrays, allusion, simile, and metaphor are the most important images that have caused the mythical literaryness of Rumi's poems. Manuscript profile
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        110 - A critical study of simple writing of poetry Aeas the tically (Possible and Impossible)
        mohsen izadyar
        The trend of simple writing of poetry in the decade of 1380 was a reaction to that of 1370 focusing mainlyom complicity and difficulties and ignoring the audience. Thus, the poets of this trend tried to be for away from complexities to attract more audience to poetry. T More
        The trend of simple writing of poetry in the decade of 1380 was a reaction to that of 1370 focusing mainlyom complicity and difficulties and ignoring the audience. Thus, the poets of this trend tried to be for away from complexities to attract more audience to poetry. The present article tries to study this trend while using the Structural and content approaches. The result is that this poetic trend is devoid of poetical aesthetics, though it attempts to attract the addressees. However, the choice of addressee can't be a proper criterion for the preference of poetical or artistic works. On the other hand, this modernist trend has had no benefit for the poetry and Persian literature or it hasn't developed the aesthetic and linguistic capacity of the poetry. Moreover, this poetical trend can't be considered as the continuation of the poetic simple writing in the past eras in Persian poetry. Manuscript profile
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        111 - As artistic roles in the creation of literary language, image and quality of emotion and thought in Shamlu
        mehdi dehrami
        As of the word that case, the name shows and other features. The word created from elements of poetic language over other elements of language reflects his approach to the phenomena and objects of affection and so on could be poetry lot of artistic values.issue. In the More
        As of the word that case, the name shows and other features. The word created from elements of poetic language over other elements of language reflects his approach to the phenomena and objects of affection and so on could be poetry lot of artistic values.issue. In the field of construction of new characters, create music, movement characteristic traits of the old and the prominence of the language has been effective. Spiritually represent the emotion and tone of the poet's character and fitness traits create cohesion and build a cohesive space is poetic. In addition, the type and quality attributes that Shamloo about a phenomenon used to show that his thought. Created in the image as well as in the sense integration, creating metaphors and similes, descriptions and effective dynamics. Manuscript profile
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        112 - Synaesthesia in Maaref e Baha e valad
        kobra nodehi tavagh goldi golshahi ehsan -al-din rezaniya
        Maaref, sermons and speeches of Soltan Ulama (King scientists) Bahaevalad, including outstanding works and wondrous mystical prose style mixed prose and simple written and mental, is similar to poetry. One of the ways of expressing and communicating experiences and conc More
        Maaref, sermons and speeches of Soltan Ulama (King scientists) Bahaevalad, including outstanding works and wondrous mystical prose style mixed prose and simple written and mental, is similar to poetry. One of the ways of expressing and communicating experiences and concepts, at the same time it is a different sense of audience influence In that case, we can increase our power to instill concepts to several times. In this article, one of the most beautiful imagery in Maaref e Bahaevalad the Synaesthesia is analyzed; This Literary figure, sometimes through the use of words and phrases related to the sensory feeling on the other. Thus, after the definition and introduction of this innovative industry, to cite examples of it in Maaref, who have paid a higher frequency. The result of this study indicates that the use Bahaevalad of Synaesthesia, especially in his sense of taste, the art style of his speech, which he has been instrumental bumps. Manuscript profile
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        113 - The study of beauty parades of language in quatrains of Abu-Saeed Abu-Al-Kheir
        Akbar Sayyad Kouh Mahsa Momen Nasab
        Abu-Saeed Abu-Al-Kheir is one of the great mystics of the fourth century and the first half of the fifth century, which, like some other mystics and Sufis left no written work from himself and those words of him which is received to us is the result of efforts of his fr More
        Abu-Saeed Abu-Al-Kheir is one of the great mystics of the fourth century and the first half of the fifth century, which, like some other mystics and Sufis left no written work from himself and those words of him which is received to us is the result of efforts of his friends and his loyal disciples who try to collect his words and statuses. The quatrains of Abu-Saeed are valuable part of Persian literature treasure and represent a part of language evolution in the fifth and sixth centuries of Hegira. In this query it is tried to study Abu-Saeed quatrains language with an aesthetic and structural approach. On this basis, quatrains language is analyzed and studied in four parts of phonetic, lexical, synthesis and syntactic aspects. Manuscript profile
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        114 - Study on impression of Persian literature on Turkmen literature as Aesthetics approach
        siyavash morshedi kamal-al-din arokhi
        As regard to Turkmens role in political and social changes and center of Marv (Mari) (today in Turkmenistan) as an Islamic city in Islamic period, has been mutual influence and impact between Persian and Turkmen literature. This paper – with library description an More
        As regard to Turkmens role in political and social changes and center of Marv (Mari) (today in Turkmenistan) as an Islamic city in Islamic period, has been mutual influence and impact between Persian and Turkmen literature. This paper – with library description and analysis – studies influence of Classic Turkmen literature (in 19th and 20th century) from Persian literature with emphasis on 5 Turkmen poets (Magtymguly, Ghayeb Nazar Ghayevi, Ghorban Ali Maerufi, Meskin Ghlich and Sheydaei). The results of the research say that the Turkmen poets were familiar to Persian poem and uses Persian phrase, themes and literary images. Some Turkmen poets had Persian poems. These influences are impressive in Aesthetics and imagery point of view; means: simile, metaphor and allusion , in the end of the paper showed a chart about most impressive Persian poets on aesthetics and figure speech elements on Turkmen literature in those 5 famous Turkmen poets. Manuscript profile
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        115 - Content aesthetics of the poetry of Frough Farrokhzad
        Masomeh Mousavi Sadati Kamran Phashaei Fakhri Parvaneh Adelzadeh
        This research was conducted in order to examine the content functions and elements of the Farrokhzad poetry and their impact in the accentuation of the concepts of her poems and denote the meaning to the reader. Application of language and awareness on its capabilities More
        This research was conducted in order to examine the content functions and elements of the Farrokhzad poetry and their impact in the accentuation of the concepts of her poems and denote the meaning to the reader. Application of language and awareness on its capabilities is considered as one of the most important characteristics of a poet. This articles has examined the aspects of beauty which have offered Frough poetry a specific manifestation from content perspective and distinguished her from her contemporary poets. This research aim was to explain the nature of beauty and our perception and analyze the aspects of beauty. The research method was descriptive and analytical and the data were collected by documentary method. Frough Farrokhzad is one of the poets who could announce social challenges and her idealism by employing language and making new compounds and in this regard, she never sacrificed content and concept for meter. Of the aspects of beauty in the poems of Frough Farrokhzad employed for denoting contents and concepts, it can be referred to conceptualization, idealism, satire, universalism, contemporary life manifestations and social challenges. Manuscript profile
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        116 - A Study of semantic and aesthetic elements of Al QARE` chapter (A structural Analysis)
        mohamadhasan masoomi fatemeh sharifi tashnizi
        One of the distinctive features of the holy Koran is its miraculous rhetorics as a cohesive text.This feature is vividly seen  in every surah of the Koran and every Ayah has its own surprising rhetorical style .In structure,the short surahs of the Koran ,which are More
        One of the distinctive features of the holy Koran is its miraculous rhetorics as a cohesive text.This feature is vividly seen  in every surah of the Koran and every Ayah has its own surprising rhetorical style .In structure,the short surahs of the Koran ,which are mainly of Mecca,are strong ,harsh and addressing with short phrases and sentences.Of course each has its own artistic features and distinctive from the others.the present article tries to study the semantic and aesthetic elements of Al Qare` surah structurally.Structural analysis belongs to the late Dr. Mahmud Bostani.This penman could analyse the artistic and literary dimensions and features  of the Koran and leaving some fruitful findings behind for the reaserchers. The main objective of the present article is to uncover the literary features and spiritual messages of Al Qare` surah using the structura method. The results of the study is that in structuralism form and content in a surah are inseperable are merged together and to explain the message of every surah the artistic and literary features should be studied along with the thematic and intellectual features. Manuscript profile
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        117 - A study of Aesthetics of Manuchehr Atashi poetry
        mehri mosaed mina mosaed
        Aesthetics is a complicated concept for which no one can give an explicit definition.It is not an absolute subject and every person can see something beautiful or ugly from different perspectives.one of the inherent feature of literature is beauty. the present article s More
        Aesthetics is a complicated concept for which no one can give an explicit definition.It is not an absolute subject and every person can see something beautiful or ugly from different perspectives.one of the inherent feature of literature is beauty. the present article studies musical ,linguistic and imagery elements of Atshi`s poems to show their relationships with poetical emotion,the elements creating beauty through deviations.Because Atashi`s poems originates from internal experiences and inspirations ,innovations and deviations in the musical and linguistic sections ,that is,diction and syntactic deviations are of a high frequency.Moreover, the poet has been able to induce the poetical emotions to the readers very well by these three devices.Thus, there is a proper relationship between the poetical motion and musical ,linguistic and poetical images. Manuscript profile
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        118 - The Impact of Masochism on imageries in the poems of Kelim Kashani
        Masoomeh Lak GhadamAli Sarami
        Indian poetry is characterized by intense Masochistic tendencies of the poet and expression of interest and attachment to painful and annoying things. Tear, cry, blood, pain, difficulty, calamity, death drive... are clearly visible in the works of these poets. The inten More
        Indian poetry is characterized by intense Masochistic tendencies of the poet and expression of interest and attachment to painful and annoying things. Tear, cry, blood, pain, difficulty, calamity, death drive... are clearly visible in the works of these poets. The intense Masochistic tendencies are considered to be one of the main features of the Indian poetry. In the present research, attempts are made to discover the link between masochism and aesthetics in the poems of the Kelim Kashani. Given that imagery has received considerable attention in Indian poetry, Kalim Kashani has managed to use his pessimism to combine this psychological factor and poetic imaginations and create beautiful images. This feature is so prominent in the works of this poet such that, he refers to prophets who suffered a lot during their lifetime even in his allusions. Manuscript profile
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        119 - The aesthetics of popular fiction in Iran
        mohsen izadyar niloofar mohamadi
        Pulp Fiction is a form of literature that audience, the mass of the people, based on their tastes and interests arises. The aesthetics of popular fiction, a concept which has been less studied by researchers because component called Pulp Fiction, general aspects of each More
        Pulp Fiction is a form of literature that audience, the mass of the people, based on their tastes and interests arises. The aesthetics of popular fiction, a concept which has been less studied by researchers because component called Pulp Fiction, general aspects of each story so that when faced with public acceptance; the mind, the subconscious to the point the elite-friendly thinks it's fiction. Authors efforts have been that way descriptive and library method, also known concepts of aesthetics Pulp Fiction to pay this kind of literature. Manuscript profile
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        120 - A Review of the Dark Side of the Story by Houshang Golshiri Based on the aesthetics of narrative in the component of Gerard Genette
        mehdi daryaiee parvaneh adel zadeh kamran pashaiee fakhri
        The narrative art itself is a very important aesthetic. Usually a large number of aesthetic components come into play in well-paid stories. These components include the essential ideas of narrative structure such as point of view, narration center, choice of type of spe More
        The narrative art itself is a very important aesthetic. Usually a large number of aesthetic components come into play in well-paid stories. These components include the essential ideas of narrative structure such as point of view, narration center, choice of type of speech, etc., which are structured in coherent structured lines. In this study, the authors have investigated the structural component of the aspect, namely distance and focalization from the perspective of the genius in the collection of the semi-dark story of the month by Houshang Golshiri. The author has used direct narrative and narrated speech in the distance component in all thirty-six stories. Indirect speech has been used in sixteen stories and free speech in nine stories. Also, in the component of unconventional, homogenous representation, a story. Unconcentrated with heterogeneous representation, two stories. Internal center with homogeneous representation, twenty five stories. An external center with heterogeneous representation and an external center with homogeneous representation, each of the four stories and the external center with homogeneous representation is also not used in any story. Manuscript profile
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        121 - Aesthetics in the works of naser keshavarz
        naser kazem khanlu hossein ariyan nasrin biranvand
        Talk about artists and philosophers. In the past the aesthetics. Beautiful form of poetry in form and content elements interact with each other.in a review of chidrens poetry harmonic and rhythmic aesthetic of clear rational instrument of thought and fantasy of the orig More
        Talk about artists and philosophers. In the past the aesthetics. Beautiful form of poetry in form and content elements interact with each other.in a review of chidrens poetry harmonic and rhythmic aesthetic of clear rational instrument of thought and fantasy of the original elements. To get a true insight and understanding of the singers can be of utility and aesthetics valve to make deep thoughts and inner worlds and poets became emotional and in this way to angles and khbayay entered their minds and by understanding and more insight immortal hesitated.The present research A comparative study of aesthetic array literal and spiritual works of  naser keshavarz and with the aim of introducing aesthatic aspects of chidrens portry naser keshavarz has been developed. This research method is descriptive and analytical nature and the purpose of theoretical and material provided library studies.The most important aspects of the aesthetic poetry  naser keshavarz on the outer side of the inner and spiritual music is studied. .The result of this research shows that the industry naser keshavarz expressive and innovative childrens poetry have special significance Manuscript profile
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        122 - An Aesthetical crticism of Qeisar Aminpour's Ashura-Related Poetical Codes
        Mazaher Zamani Nematsara Mohammad Reza Zaman Ahmadi
        The linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and  the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criti More
        The linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and  the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criticize his Ashura related poems from the perpective of modernism, images and scientific discourse. The findings indicate that Aminpour Ashura related poems distant from extremism, analogy and stereotypes and modified the trend of modernism in these poetical codes. He has rendered new pictures based on his owm experiences and has applied a rational , critical and scientific approach in Ashura - centered poems while avoiding populism and creating a spectacular change in this respect. Manuscript profile
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        123 - Prioritization The Elements and Components of The Facade Structure Based on Its Impact on The Audience's Visual Perception
        Hassan Mansouri Alireza Rezvani Mehdi Sahragard Hadi Sarvari
        10.30495/ccd.2023.698973
        Manuscript profile
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        124 - Suad Al-Sabah And J. Farahani Poetry Sense Aesthetic Review With A Focus On Women And Women's Emotions
        Majid Mohammadi Afsane Maleki
        The purpose of this research was to compare the most important emotional themes of Farahani and Sabah's poems and thoughts expression about women and women's emotions. The results of this descriptive-analytic research indicated that their lyrics included the issue of wo More
        The purpose of this research was to compare the most important emotional themes of Farahani and Sabah's poems and thoughts expression about women and women's emotions. The results of this descriptive-analytic research indicated that their lyrics included the issue of women in the patriarchal society in one hand and, the expression of a delicate soul of women on the other hand; and since these two poets lived in relatively similar cultural and social conditions and suffered from the patriarchal system, the reflection of common thoughts and emotions in their poems were seen naturally. Issues such as love, sympathy, idealism, oppression and protest against the woman's contempt were the most prominent themes and axes of Sa'ad and Jaleh's emotional poetry, which came from the beautiful and rich experience of the inner world of the poet. And were transmitted expressly to the audience. Manuscript profile
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        125 - Reviewing the Religious Bases of Fashion Aesthetics in Dressing and Make up
        Sayedeh Hasamodin Hosseini Fatemeh Khormaei
        Fashion in dressing and make up is one of the social issues that affected many communities especially in the current century. The extreme fashion could lead to the destruction of the traditional social texture. Tendencies to follow the model were considered as the fashi More
        Fashion in dressing and make up is one of the social issues that affected many communities especially in the current century. The extreme fashion could lead to the destruction of the traditional social texture. Tendencies to follow the model were considered as the fashion reasons. The research was intended to explain the behavioral patterns of the Islamic and religious characters with respect to dressing and beautification and provide some examples in the women society. The research method was a descriptive – analytical approach and referred to written sources in addition to Quran verses and traditional interpretation written by contemporaries. Diversitism and esthetics beauty seeking were considered as fashionism correlated variables. In addition to such variables, the capitalistic widespread advertisement for consumerism also was taken as other cause for stylist fashion. Multiple medias today, targeted human natural needs especially hijab(veiling coverage) as dotty and culture and trying to expand and develop the nudity in the context of the ongoing fashion. Fashion trends tend to self glorification that the Holy Quran has mentioned it and avoid its adornment. Manuscript profile
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        126 - Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Bread and Durum Wheat Genotypes
        Fatemeh Torfi
        Manuscript profile
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        127 - Assessment Regression Relation between Wheat Seed Germination Characteristics Affected Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO)
        Mohammad Khayat
        Manuscript profile
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        128 - Comparison and survay of aesthetic schemas in relation to age and gender in generations 16 -20 and 60 - 55 years in Tehran in 2019
        Hadi Bahrami Reza Sharifinia Noorali Farrokhi
        The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic schemas of people aged 20-16 to 55-60 years based on age and gender. The method of this research was of comparative causal type. The statistical population included all men and women aged 55-60 and boys and girls aged 16 More
        The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic schemas of people aged 20-16 to 55-60 years based on age and gender. The method of this research was of comparative causal type. The statistical population included all men and women aged 55-60 and boys and girls aged 16-20 in Tehran in 2019 to 900,000 people who were selected using random cluster sampling method from 22 districts of Tehran to 400 people. Were. In this study, the researcher-made questionnaire of age and gender-related aesthetic schemas (Bahrami et al., 2018) was used. The statistical method of this research is independent T-test. The findings showed differences in aesthetics schemas in people aged 16-20 and 55-60 years. Beauty schemas (F=7/962, (P<0/05), Beauty Criteria (F=18/867, (P <0/05), Face and Face Members (F=5/114, (P<0/05), Limb (F=5 /211, (P <0/05), clothing and accessories (5 / 166, P <0/05).). Also between the aesthetic schemas of people aged 16-20 and 55-60 years in There is a significant difference between the two sexes, and there was a significant difference between girls and boys in addition to the general criteria of beauty. Beauty schemas (F=1.715, P<0.05), general criteria of beauty (F=9.217), P>0/05), face and facial organs (F= 0.056, P <0.05), limb (F= 0.336, P <0.05)), clothing and accessories (F= 3.369, P< 0/05). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the reason for the difference in the aesthetic schemas of 16 to 20 and 55 to 60 people in both sexes is that the beauty criteria in terms of adolescents and young people should be in line with fashion, and basically this Schemas are more common among younger people than older people, which could be due to the proliferation of social networks and the Internet in today's younger generation. Manuscript profile
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        129 - An Investigation on Shamloo’s Poems using Critical Aesthetics
        fariba mirzamohammadnia mohamadali gozashti aliyeh yuseffam
        It can be claimed that Critical Aesthetics is the most important achievement gained from the Frankfort School. As critical Aestheticians believe, noble art should be able to free itself from homogeneity and similarity induced by dominant governments. It should, also, be More
        It can be claimed that Critical Aesthetics is the most important achievement gained from the Frankfort School. As critical Aestheticians believe, noble art should be able to free itself from homogeneity and similarity induced by dominant governments. It should, also, be able to actualize free meaning creation in a world where the origin of meaning is being devastated. In the present article, the art of Shamloo was investigated descriptively and analytically, from the stated perspective. The process followed was extracting case examples from the original text and analyzing them according to the theory. Since his poems are in close relationship with local texture of society, the study necessitates accessing sociological perspectives, as well. In this article, Shamloo’s versatile views toward prevalent semantic norms and the deficiencies of the modern society in this regard are categorized under different headings. His most frequent semantic norm breaking occurs in the domain of conventional ideological beliefs, binary contradictions, and the manifestation of the modern society. Here, Shamloo’s explicit objections target the values dominating the modern society. This way, his coherent thought construct is pictured behind his poems to help the reader to discover the ideology of his work and picture the poet’s world view. Manuscript profile
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        130 - Aesthetics of Iranian cinema based on the theme of stranger consciousness of Sohrevardi, cases of Study Siyavash in Takhtjamshid and Green fire
        nariman khalili Insha'Allah Rahmati Mohammad Aref
        The aesthetics of Iranian cinema based on illuminated stranger consciousness under the title of exemplary cinema is the subject of this article. How the concept of stranger consciousness which means reminding human of his homelessness is created. Escape to the world abo More
        The aesthetics of Iranian cinema based on illuminated stranger consciousness under the title of exemplary cinema is the subject of this article. How the concept of stranger consciousness which means reminding human of his homelessness is created. Escape to the world above in traditional art is the beginning of our reflection on the connection between illuminated aesthetics and cinema. With Sohrevardi's objective aesthetic approach and with exploring beauty from premiere hypostase de la lumiere des lumieres to the world and confinement of human in exile under the management of the lord of all kinds, one can analyze exemplary films in the Iranian cinema. In this article the theme of homelessness in the Iranian cinema with reference to sheikh Ishraq 's allegorical treatises and with the help of Henry corbin's interpretation and phenomenology has been examined. On the basis of descent and enlightment, in the narratology of films with the theme of stranger consciousness it has been revealed that in the three – dimentional unity of the story ( narrator, narration, and the subject of narration), the narrator is the subject, object and the theme of the epics Manuscript profile
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        131 - Asylum as a protest; an analysis of the novel No Friend but the Mountains from the Perspective of Critical Aesthetic Theory
        hamid moradi osman hedayat
        10.30495/farsij.2022.1928524.1481
        AbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimen More
        AbstractLiterature has always been part of the ideological struggle and the struggle against power structures. With the advent of the Frankfurt School, the issue of criticism and the negative view of the present of human society took on a more serious and coherent dimension. The achievement of the Frankfurt School is the "theory of critical aesthetics", which considers the original art to be independent and to reject and change the existing situation. The novel "No Friendship except Mountain" is based on a kind of critical realism that challenges power structures. The purpose of this study is to read the situation of immigration and asylum using Behrouz Buchani's novel "No Friend except the Mountain". Immigration and Asylum is a pretext for criticizing the current situation in liberal-democratic countries, which tries to narrate the situation of "Manus" prison by using the method of expression and protest tone and the use of symbols and metaphors. This challenges the emergence of new forms of capitalism and colonialism that manifest themselves in the refugee subject and refugee status. Manuscript profile
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        132 - Colour,s world in the Bissarani,s poetical work
        Mahin Karimi
        It has been for a long time that Color has had an important role in literature.poets are of/ a group of people who have used the colour element (base)for creating words and poetic pictures to show their work more impressive and leading.Undoubtedly, studying and investig More
        It has been for a long time that Color has had an important role in literature.poets are of/ a group of people who have used the colour element (base)for creating words and poetic pictures to show their work more impressive and leading.Undoubtedly, studying and investigating all the elements of a literary work is very important in the true identity of that work. In this research, in the descriptive-analytical method and (by) using the interdisciplinary knowledge of literature, sociology and psychology, describing and criticizing the aesthetics of colour in poems of one of the outstanding poets, Huraman , has been dealt with.           researchers' purpose includes The study of colour and the method / the way it is used in the Bissarani's poetical works can open a new window for more discovery of / more knowledge about that valuable work and (also) its great poet. It has been tried / endeavoured that all the colours which exist in the Bissarani's poetical works be examined from the point of view of psychology and aesthetics through mentioning examples , Bissarani's world and colour running of different aspects of his life be imagined in his poems and a window be opened to the poet's perception and sensation.         The black colour is more frequent than rest of the other colours. However, the excessive repetition of the black colour in a literary work can be a reflection / an indication of the hopelessness as well as the life's difficulties, hardships which (this) is a negative aspect of the black colour. The black colour, however, has been used for the description of eye and eyebrows and hair/ringlet / lock of hair of a / of one's sweetheart and also creation of beautiful images beside the white colour of her face which this is the positive aspect of the black colour. Manuscript profile
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        133 - A Study on Archer Arash Epic Poem by Siavash Kasraei
        Ayub Moradi
        Arash   storyas   Epic   and   majestic   nostalgiaisa   clear   exampleof Iranianancient culture that showschangethedestinyof anationbydedication ofaperson.Archer Arash poetry,Poemsof SiavashKasrayi More
        Arash   storyas   Epic   and   majestic   nostalgiaisa   clear   exampleof Iranianancient culture that showschangethedestinyof anationbydedication ofaperson.Archer Arash poetry,Poemsof SiavashKasrayi is are-creation of this national epic. Thispoemshould beconsideredthe firstmodernepic poemthatiswritten inthenew style. Kasrayi wears eyefromthe historicaltruthof thisstoryandmakesits epic more than historicalfacts. He also  has  tried  to  portray  symbolically social  and  political  spaceof  the country inthe thirties by usinglinguistictechniques. Archer Arashlyricissongful ofthehopethatwaswritten in spacefull ofdespairafterthe coup of30th of August. Kasrayiwho is inspired by Savior emersion, knows Arashappearance, hopeof everyone inthe world. Inthis article with deliberationin Archer Arash poem, we tried to answerthefollowingtwo questions:1-Whichcapacitiesareusedforre-inventionthe myth ofArcher Arash and Strengthenaspects ofits epic?2- How much poethas beensuccessful Inorderto portrayaspects ofathletics? Manuscript profile
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        134 - The reflection of the wisdom of ancient Iran on the beauty and mystical love of Suhrawardi, relying on aesthetics
        azarnoosh gilani
        Abstract Wisdom and philosophy in Iran have an ancient history. In ancient Iran, especially during the reign of Khosrow Anushirvan, a lot of effort was made to develop philosophy and wisdom in Iran. With the coming of Islam to Iran, this process continued until it reach More
        Abstract Wisdom and philosophy in Iran have an ancient history. In ancient Iran, especially during the reign of Khosrow Anushirvan, a lot of effort was made to develop philosophy and wisdom in Iran. With the coming of Islam to Iran, this process continued until it reached Suhrawardi. Suhravardi is the link between the philosophy of ancient Greece, ancient Iran and the philosophy of Islam. By accessing ancient sources, especially Zoroastrian Avesta and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, he created a remarkable link between Eastern and Western philosophy. As a revivalist of the wisdom of ancient Iran, with full knowledge of Iranian philosophical thought, Suhravardi presents a mystical interpretation of the personality and actions of the legendary heroes of Iran, such as: Ki Khosro, Fereydon and Kiyomarth. Also, Suhravardi's special attention to "Nooral Anwar" shows his affinity with the Quran and ancient Iranian culture. The description that Sohrvardi gives of Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrian concepts in terms of attention to light, fire, divine furnace, division of the world into two parts, Minoan and Gitian, as well as Zoroastrian angels, clearly shows the extent to which he was influenced by the wisdom of ancient Iran. In the discussion of aesthetics, Suhrvardi pays special attention to all aspects of "moral function", "world of example", "beauty and love" and "epistemology". which can be cautiously considered as a special science originating from "aesthetics". In this research, an attempt is made to reflect on the wisdom of ancient Iran and on the beauty and mystical love of Sohrvardi, relying on the philosophy of aesthetics. Manuscript profile
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        135 - Aesthetic reading of the political subject in the everyday movement of Kol-bran Kurd
        mahshin siavashpoori mohammadreza tajik HoseinAli Nozari
        The lack of suitable facilities for life is not only limited to Kurdish areas; Rather, most of Iran's border areas resort to smuggling due to the harsh climatic conditions and proximity to the border. The provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuze More
        The lack of suitable facilities for life is not only limited to Kurdish areas; Rather, most of Iran's border areas resort to smuggling due to the harsh climatic conditions and proximity to the border. The provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuzestan also have almost the same conditions as the Kurdish provinces of the country. In recent years, we can see that the hard life of Kurdish Kolbaran has been discussed and investigated by intellectuals and sociologists more than other border regions. It seems that Col-Bran have been able to present a new image of themselves to the people.This idea has not only forced the officials to answer to them, but it has also managed to arouse the sympathy of the people and the officials in their favor. Every exceptional phenomenon is formed based on reasons. In this article, I would like to answer this question with an aesthetic reading, what important phenomenon happened that raised the status of Kolubran in people's minds as a myth and made talking about them gray. For this purpose, the theoretical and methodological model of Jacques Rancière has been used. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Application of nanoparticles in controlling of phytopathogenic fungi and improving fungicide’s performances
        Mohammad Reza Eslahi roghaeh Asadboland
        Annually, 20-40% of agricultural products are destroyed by plant pests and pathogens. Plant disease management depends on pesticides and toxins that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Nanotechnology can offer benefits to pesticides, including reduced More
        Annually, 20-40% of agricultural products are destroyed by plant pests and pathogens. Plant disease management depends on pesticides and toxins that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Nanotechnology can offer benefits to pesticides, including reduced toxicity, improved reliability and durability and increased solubility in pesticides that are sparingly soluble in water. This paper examines two trends in the use of nanoparticles in controlling of phytopathogenic fungi: nanoparticles as protectors independently or as nanocarriers for fungicides. Despite the many potential benefits of nanoparticles, few nanoparticle-based products have been commercialized for agricultural applications. The lack of commercial applications can be explained by several factors, including the insufficient number of field studies and the lack of attention to the pest-host system. In other industries, nanotechnology has advanced rapidly, and it seems that the only way to continue advancing nanotechnology applications in agriculture is to understand the fundamental research questions and find scientific gaps for the rational and easy development of commercial nanoproducts.   Manuscript profile
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        137 - Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Emergentism: Making the Case for the Philosophical and the Aesthetic
        Rouhollah Aghasaleh
        Manuscript profile
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        138 - Aesthetics and investigation of mystical aspects of paintings and motifs in Islamic civilization
        Leila Mahmoudi Chalbatan
        10.30495/jaa.2023.1984363.1006
        Manuscript profile
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        139 - FPGA Can be Implemented Using Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm
        Shahin Shafei
        Manuscript profile
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        140 - Providing Design Solutions of Urban Facades Based On the Aesthetics Principles of Colors Case Study: Afifabad Street, Shiraz
        Sahar Salahi Hamed Moztarzadeh
        10.22094/soij.2023.1976584.1526
        Manuscript profile
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        141 - Examining the Elements of Intuitive Curriculum Learning Based on the Aesthetic Exploration of the Divan Hafez
        fatemeh taheri narges keshtiara maryam sadat ranjbar seyed hashem golestani
        This study was conducted to determine the pattern of intuitive curriculum design based on the aesthetic review of Divan Hafez and the qualitative hermeneutical analysis of all available print and electronic resources used to collect the information. Data analysis was pe More
        This study was conducted to determine the pattern of intuitive curriculum design based on the aesthetic review of Divan Hafez and the qualitative hermeneutical analysis of all available print and electronic resources used to collect the information. Data analysis was performed using deductive categorization system and results were divided into goals, resources, and teaching-learning strategies in the form of axial categories. The intuitive curriculum model enables all planners and practitioners of the country's education to take a fresh look at the elements of the country's curriculum at all levels, and most importantly the postgraduate courses as well, Have doctoral and postdoctoral degrees and use rich literary, artistic, and mystical resources as teaching and guidance resources in education. Education, with this understanding, will come to the discovery of transcendental meanings in the shadow of boundless and endless inner knowledge as the infallible source of truth. This research is an attempt to open the door to the amazing world of intuitive education. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Explaining the Methods of Aesthetic Education from the Viewpoint of Friedrich Hegel and its Educational Implications
        fahime hajiani Jahanbakhsh Rahmani mohamadreza shamshiri
        This research seeks to elaborate on Hegel's idealistic view of the aesthetic sense of translators in the education system by using Franken's inferential method and resource analysis, books, and numerous researches on Hegel's idealistic view. The findings of this study i More
        This research seeks to elaborate on Hegel's idealistic view of the aesthetic sense of translators in the education system by using Franken's inferential method and resource analysis, books, and numerous researches on Hegel's idealistic view. The findings of this study indicate that Hegel considers mind cultivation as one of the aesthetic training methods. For Hegel, the human mind is not merely abstract and conceptual, because if it is abstract and conceptual it cannot think or become aware of its own thinking. The mind constructs itself in sensory activities and products such as alien or foreign art. Among the methods of imitation and creativity of art, Hegel rejects the method of imitation and praises the creativity of art. Hegel also considers modeling of nature one of the primary ways to create beautiful works of art. And the human mind has shown a tremendous amount of interest in the creation of artworks. The use of art and aesthetics to reinforce religious beliefs and spiritual affairs, as well as emotional evacuation, and to attain spiritual-psychological relaxation are also other ways of applying Hegel's aesthetic education to use. Is in the education system Manuscript profile
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        143 - explanation of aesthetic principles of Khajeh kasiredin tousi and rousseau in children 's artistic training
        nehzat safaee seyed ahmad hashemi abas gholtash aliasghar mashinchi
        The main purpose of this study is to explain the aesthetic concept of the thoughts of Khajeh kasiredin tousi and Rousseau in the education of children. the method used in order to collect information is a library. the result obtained from the present study suggests that More
        The main purpose of this study is to explain the aesthetic concept of the thoughts of Khajeh kasiredin tousi and Rousseau in the education of children. the method used in order to collect information is a library. the result obtained from the present study suggests that artistic training is one of the important elements in the development of child as one of the most important classes of society. Accordingly, the cover - up of artistic training with Western and Western thinkers like Rousseau and Khajeh kasiredin tousi Tusi led to the collection of manners, edification, and artistic morals of the two world poles in education of children, and is used as a strong pattern in the education of education and education. It is therefore necessary to educate the children of education on the type of education and try to educate and train children with the axis of art and beauty (and not the set of traditional and pre - determined educational patterns) to make a sustainable society based on the ethics and humanity of the children. Manuscript profile
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        144 - The effectiveness of aesthetic education on critical thinking and creative teaching of Farhangian University of student teachers
        ali ebrahiminia Firoozeh zangene motlagh hamid Jafarian yasar Mozhgan Mohammadi Naeen Mohammadi NaeenI
        10.30495/educ.2022.1928086.2676
        This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aesthetic-cognitive training on critical thinking and creative teaching of Farhangian University students and teachers in the academic year 2020-2021. The research method was quasi-experimental in a pre-test and post- More
        This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aesthetic-cognitive training on critical thinking and creative teaching of Farhangian University students and teachers in the academic year 2020-2021. The research method was quasi-experimental in a pre-test and post-test design and was performed as a case study on 60 students of educational sciences of Qom Farhangian University who were randomly selected in clusters. A 90-minute session was taught based on the constructivist approach (E5). Measurement tools included two standard questionnaires, California Critical Thinking (1994) and Chaoyang Creative Teaching (2005). The reliability of the California Critical Thinking Questionnaire in this study was 0.91 and the reliability of the Chaoyang Creative Teaching Questionnaire was 0.89. Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis. The results showed that the educational package of aesthetic education has been significantly (with 99% confidence) effective in improving the critical thinking and creative teaching of students and teachers. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, aesthetic education can be considered as an appropriate and effective strategy to improve critical thinking and creative teaching of students and teachers of Farhangian University. Manuscript profile
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        145 - Recognition of contemporary Iranian architecture based on the aesthetic dimensions of Qajar historical buildings (Case study: Decorations of late Qajar royal palaces in the capital)
        Fariba Amini Ghasem Motalebi Samaneh Dabaghchi
        Persian art during the Qajar period had a significant development due to the connection of this period with the West and many artists traveled to Europe and Western countries during this period. Is raised. In this regard, decoration is the most important element that ha More
        Persian art during the Qajar period had a significant development due to the connection of this period with the West and many artists traveled to Europe and Western countries during this period. Is raised. In this regard, decoration is the most important element that has played a significant role in various Iranian arts. Architectural decorations that express themselves in different ways in facades, entrances and interiors, express their identity and value in the path of aesthetic evolution. Decorations cannot be separated from architecture, but far more architectural symbols, social identities, and cultural values can be derived from them than architecture. Therefore, considering the importance of buildings with the function of a palace in the capital, what has been addressed in this research is the study of the aesthetics of decoration in the architecture of late Qajar palaces. This study wants to use the method of content analysis of Qajar historical texts (late Qajar), in other words, thematic and structural analysis of the architecture of this period, to address the question of whether the aesthetics of late Qajar art is based on the principle of decoration or not? What are the factors behind the aesthetics of decoration in Qajar art? This research will have a clear representation of the role of decoration in the architecture of Qajar royal palaces. Manuscript profile
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        146 - Iron and Manganese in Drinking Water: A Review of Sources, Types, Standards, Health and Environmental Effects and Removal Methods
        Mohammad Safari Ahmad Asl hashemi Mehran Dolatkhah Gholamhossein Safari
        Iron and manganese are common natural minerals that are primarily found in groundwater, especially in deeper wells. Iron and manganese in drinking water, at permissible levels, do not pose a risk to human health. Instead, they both have secondary or recommended drinking More
        Iron and manganese are common natural minerals that are primarily found in groundwater, especially in deeper wells. Iron and manganese in drinking water, at permissible levels, do not pose a risk to human health. Instead, they both have secondary or recommended drinking water standards because they lead to aesthetic problems that may make the water undesirable and unpleasant for drinking and other domestic uses. The presence of both often causes stains on clothes, and the loss of color in plumbing installations, as well as creates an unpleasant taste and appearance in drinking water. The iron and manganese in the water cannot be seen with the naked eye, and the water appears practically clear and unpolluted, but if they are mixed with oxygen, they quickly lead to the creation of orange, brown, or black spots. The black stains are caused by the presence of manganese, and the brown and orange stains are caused by the presence of iron in the water. Removal methods depend on the concentration and form of iron and manganese in the water. Therefore, it is important to carefully test the water and determine the type and amount of iron and manganese before treatment. Considering the importance of these elements in drinking water, the purpose of this review article is to investigate the sources, standards, types, health and environmental effects, and methods of removing or reducing iron and manganese in drinking water. Manuscript profile
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        147 - Politics and Aesthetics: An Study of the Political Subject in Jacques Rancière's Theory.
        mahshin siavashpoori mohammadreza tajik Hoseinali Nowzari
        Today, the culture and actions of individuals are very different from those of the past. We are skeptical of the functioning of political institutions and parties, of traditions and ideologies, of inherited intellectual and philosophical schools, and the lack of new con More
        Today, the culture and actions of individuals are very different from those of the past. We are skeptical of the functioning of political institutions and parties, of traditions and ideologies, of inherited intellectual and philosophical schools, and the lack of new concepts and methods in political theorizing is strongly felt. do. In this article, it is written that the discussion begins with the nature of the subject, then shows the role and presence of the "other" in its subjugation, and finally proposes Rancière's policy and aesthetics for the liberation of the subject democracy must go beyond philosophical and sociological boundaries. For him, aesthetics are areas that pave the way for living as equals in society. In this regard, along with describing the key concepts of Rancière's theory such as the distribution of the tangible, police order and equality, how aesthetic theory is transcended by philosophical and discourse topics and theories. Manuscript profile
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        148 - A Comprehensive Model Driven ‘Secure Mobile Application for KFU Email System’ (SMAKE)
        Ayat Bu-Suhail Al-Jwharah Al-Hulaibi Zainab Al-Khalaf Noor A. Jebril Qasem Abu Al-Haija
        Manuscript profile
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        149 - Investigating the Effect of Color Factor on Quality of Urban Landscape Central Region of Iran based on Users Ideas (Case Study: Masjed Hakim and MohammadBagher Sadr Axes in Isfahan City)
        Morteza Lotfipour Siahkalroudi Narges Hamzeh Elnaz Alsadat Nayebieh
        Colors play an important-effective role to improvement of urban identity, readability of environment, vitality of urban spaces, the sense of place and sense of unity in urban spaces. Today, Iran's urban environments are often deprived of the visual richness of color qua More
        Colors play an important-effective role to improvement of urban identity, readability of environment, vitality of urban spaces, the sense of place and sense of unity in urban spaces. Today, Iran's urban environments are often deprived of the visual richness of color qualities with incoherent and chaotic combinations and incomplete adaptations of different styles of Western architecture and urban planning, and by transforming the environment into backgrounds in the gray spectrum, lost the color diversity and various functions of this element. While many communities turn the color element into an opportunity to enhance the quality of the urban landscape and use standard color codes to visually enhance the visual quality of buildings, walls, floors, urban furniture and other building elements in their components and totality, But in many cities of Iran, the same element acts as a threat to the urban landscape due to confusion, irregularity and inconsistency in how it is used. Lack of proper use of color element and its related criteria in urban environments, in addition to adverse effects on place construction, reduced sensory richness, degraded place identity and legibility of urban space, in terms of disorders in the objective landscape of the city and adverse psychological effects of presence in such spaces it is also very important. A correct understanding of the capabilities of the color element in increasing the desirability of urban environments is a necessity today in the design of Iranian cities. Unfortunately, the fast growth of urbanization in recent decades, especially in developing countries, has dramatically changed urban perspectives, that it caused there is not enough accuracy in the principles of color using.Today's construction of Iranian cities, which is an uncoordinated and chaotic combination of incomplete adaptations of different styles of Western architecture and urban planning, deprives urban environments of the visual richness of color qualities and turns them into backgrounds in the gray spectrum of color diversity and various functions has strongly influenced the important element. While many communities have turned the color into an opportunity to enhance the quality of the urban landscape and use standard color codes to visually enhance the visual quality of buildings, walls, floors, urban furniture and other building elements in their components and totality. They have given that in many cities of Iran, this element acts as a threat to the urban landscape due to confusion, irregularity and inconsistency in how it is used. Proper use of color and its related criteria in urban environments, increase the sensory richness, enhance the identity of the place and legibility of the urban space, in terms of organizing the objective landscape of the city visual quality and positive psychological effects. A correct understanding of the capabilities of the color in increasing the desirability of urban environments is a necessity today in the design of Iranian cities.The purpose of this research is to provide some criteria for optimal utilization of the potential of the color factor to increasing the utility of urban landscape in according to the user’s expectations. The hypothesis is that the adaptation of color spectra used in urban environments on the color expectations and mindsets of space users is effective in improving the quality and desirability of urban landscape. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic based on a survey strategy and the data are analyzed by quantitative method. In addition to, data collection is done by library and field studies. Statistical calculations are presented in three sections: Determination of sample size, Descriptive section and Inferential section separately. Information was evaluated with using the Excel and Spss software and significance level of 0.05. The research findings were obtained through study of the city context, statistical data as well as comparing and analyzing the color codes and using of internal and external experiences. At the end, the hypothesis have been analyzed and some solutions have been presented for color composition of urban image and landscape based on principles of aesthetics. These findings indicate that according to the religious, cultural and historical background and identity of the study area, those color spectrums that are reminiscent of religious symbols of this area and create a sense of belonging and religious identity among users in space, will have higher qualities. Manuscript profile
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        150 - Investigating the physical and tectonic components of architecture effective in the aesthetics of Iran's cultural buildingsCase example: cultural landmark buildings of the last 20 years in Tehran
        zhmak mirhadi Mozayyan Dehbash Sharif darab diba
        10.22094/lsj.2024.1988968.1103
        Aesthetics itself is the cause of shaping the identity of the future and has a key role as the minister of construction for any cultural evolution. So, aesthetics has been and is an important subject in different sciences, in different arts and especially in architectur More
        Aesthetics itself is the cause of shaping the identity of the future and has a key role as the minister of construction for any cultural evolution. So, aesthetics has been and is an important subject in different sciences, in different arts and especially in architecture, this recognition and definitions of beauty, we can see how its relationship with architecture has affected buildings throughout history. Understanding beauty is a divine gift and a mental base that leads to objectivity, and art without it is a body without soul and devoid of attraction. It is difficult to fully understand the concept of aesthetics, but it is possible to understand the factors that are effective in the perception of the pleasantness of the environment. . (Grooter, 1375) Since beauty has objective and subjective aspects, beauty in architecture can be examined in two parts, form and meaning. The aesthetics of the form in which structures and patterns are important can be investigated based on the composition patterns that are rooted in Gestalt aesthetics. Semantic aesthetics is another approach in architectural aesthetics that is rooted in psychological and behavioral sciences and examines the role of association and acceptance of patterns by people. Patterns that are received through experiences, socio-cultural and religious backgrounds The link between architectural form and structure has always existed in Iran's traditional architecture based on many evidences. In this regard, we can refer to buildings such as the tomb of Qaboos bin Ziyar, nicknamed Qaboos Dome in Gorgan, Isfahan Grand Mosque, and Soltanieh Dome. Special technologies are under construction. The evolution of the structure in Iranian architecture has been evolutionary. This continuous historical process, which was accompanied by a huge support from the experiences of the past, is one of the reasons for the increasing progress of Iranian architects of that time in the field of construction techniques. From a long time ago, Iranians were very interested in the beauty and arrangement of buildings, and to achieve this goal, they used all kinds of initiatives and innovations. Harmony, stability and stability in a beautiful eye is one of the wonders of traditional Iranian architecture, which has been achieved to the end of elegance and balance along with meaningful content in the body of the architectural work. Cultural buildings as symbolic and beautiful urban collections create the identity of a city or region that has always been affected by various constructions. Constructions transform the form and body of the building more than anything, which due to the lack of knowledge and influence of the components and the extent of their effects on each other has caused divergence in their form and body. This can be clearly seen in newly built cultural buildings. Technology and the advancement of technologies in the field of construction has caused the appearance of various construction materials and also how they are used in various situations. The present article aims to explain the contribution of each component in creating the beauty of cultural buildings of the present and future period by reading the tectonic components in architecture. The research method is of mixed type, nesting and of qualitative type in quantity. which is compiled using the qualitative part of the quantitative tool. A systematic review of the literature is used to formulate the questions of the qualitative stage and conduct semi-structured interviews with experts to extract concepts in the theoretical field. Then the interview begins with 36 experts who are included in the snowball system and the criteria for entering the research. The results from the 28th person to the theoretical saturation dimension have been data reduction in the qualitative field with open coding with the face description and interpretation approach, in the ATLASTI software. The scope of study is the contemporary cultural buildings of the last two decades of Tehran. In the quantitative part, for the effect of each tectonic component, a Likert scale questionnaire is developed for each component. At this stage, ORIGINPRO software is used for data analysis. The results indicate that based on the results obtained from the regression model, the highest coefficient of determination with a value of (1.000) is related to the construction fan component and the lowest is related to The decoration component is 0.265. Manuscript profile
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        151 - Responses of Seed Yield, Yield Components and Some Morpho-physiological Traits of Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum) to the Application Methods of Fulzyme Biofertilizer
        A. Eslami R. Sadrabadi Haghighi M. Zafarian
        To study the effect of application methods of Fulzym biofertilizer (containing Bacillus subtilis) on yield, yield components and some morpho-physiological characteristics of four cultivars wheat, an experiment was conducted in field of Astan Quds Razavi in 2010- 2011. T More
        To study the effect of application methods of Fulzym biofertilizer (containing Bacillus subtilis) on yield, yield components and some morpho-physiological characteristics of four cultivars wheat, an experiment was conducted in field of Astan Quds Razavi in 2010- 2011. The experiment performed was in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Four wheat cultivars (Falat, Pishtaz, Bahar and Toos) were assigned to main plots and four biofertilizer application methods (as seed inoculation, using in irrigation water, seed inoculation and irrigation and control) to sub plots. Results indicated that Falat had the lowest plant height (61.5 cm) than other varieties. Plant height of Toos and Pishtaz were about 14.5 percent higher than Falat. Application methods of Fulzym increased chlorophyll content and plant height. Highest chlorophyll contents were obtained when seeds inoculated by Fulzyme and used through irrigation. At the end of growing season, it was found that chlorophyll content of Falat and Toos flag leaves were higher than Pishtaz and Bahar. It was also revealed that Bahar when Fulzyme was used showed a better response to treatments than other varieties as for as biological and seed yields were concerned. Highest seed yield produced by irrigation and combination of seed inoculation and irrigation (9063 and 8609 kg.ha-1) and lowest seed yield (5858 kg.ha-1) to Falat in the control treatment. Manuscript profile
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        152 - Sociological examination of “women without men” novel (Shahrnosh Parsi poor)
        Jamshid Yadollahi Ahangar Samad Sabagh
        Literary Sociology of literature is one of the new methods. This research is sociological examination of a novel titled “women without men” written by ShahrnoshParsi poor. In this study, it is tried to r More
        Literary Sociology of literature is one of the new methods. This research is sociological examination of a novel titled “women without men” written by ShahrnoshParsi poor. In this study, it is tried to reevaluate the novel using Goldman genetic structuralism Method and Haber MAS communicative action theory.The aimof  thesis  is assessment  of  this  novel by  considering on (or by regarding  to) Iran’s historical ، political and  sociological structure   during 1330. This novel is investigated in 15 chapters and 5 female characters and applied symbols in the text. In this research a mutual connection between aesthetic and objective structure of society Ingestion. Also it isfound that, different chapters ofnovel istried to confuse feminist   ideas and also writers attitude is rooted in feminist thoughts.The writer follows evolution of women’s role and attitudes and she believe that the only way of achieving a feminine identity is participating(taking) in social activities and performing different roles as the same as men. Manuscript profile
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        153 - Analyzing the Plastic Surgery in Fiqh Imammiyeh and Iranian Criminal Law
        Hassan Hajitabar Mahboubeh Mousavi sheikh
        Today, one of medical realities is the issue of plastic surgery containing two reconstructive plastic, parts and aesthetic plastic. In Iran current law system, only general verdict of surgery or medical operations are highlighted ("jeem (g) verse, article 158 of Is More
        Today, one of medical realities is the issue of plastic surgery containing two reconstructive plastic, parts and aesthetic plastic. In Iran current law system, only general verdict of surgery or medical operations are highlighted ("jeem (g) verse, article 158 of Islamic penalty law, 1392); but in the case of plastic surgery operations, there is no obvious verdict in laws and regulations. Therefore, one of the basic doubts and challenges in this respect is the issue of legality and or illegality of various forms of plastic surgery in that there are different views in Islamic jurisprudence among Shiite and other religious leaders. In the case of legality and or illegality of different aspects of the mentioned surgery operations. In this article, by investigating the basic concepts and Shiite scholars, views and the others about the legality and or illegality of plastic surgery and, too, the condition of creating and removing criminal responsibility of the physician, it can be concluded that in the legal system of Iran, regarding the well-known thesis of the Imamiyeh leaders and other reasons, we can take into account plastic surgery forms with respect to terms and conditions as legal surgery operation. Manuscript profile
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        154 - The Explanation of environmental values "In the light of studying the components of urban aesthetics related to the rules of urban jurisprudence"
        Raheleh Fadavi Mehdi MohammadZadeh Ali Mohammadian
        10.22034/ijrj.2022.694915
        The role of "urban landscape" and its beautification is one of the important factors in creating a positive mental image and promoting the aesthetic experience of citizens.Combining landscape design techniques with "environmental" and ecological values is one of the new More
        The role of "urban landscape" and its beautification is one of the important factors in creating a positive mental image and promoting the aesthetic experience of citizens.Combining landscape design techniques with "environmental" and ecological values is one of the newest plans and strategies to achieve sustainable development in the present age.In order to identify the level of concern and attention of Islamic teachings in dealing with the mentioned concepts, the present study has explained the rules of urban jurisprudence by modeling the components and approaches proposed in "urban aesthetics" and urban landscape and evaluates its efficiency. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and has been adjusted by referring to library sources and due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, it has applied and combined theories in the two fields of aesthetics and urban jurisprudence. It should be noted that the purpose of urban jurisprudence is a series of religious teachings and rules of jurisprudence related to the customs and requirements of urbanization, which can be identified, extracted and applied to the subject according to the present research from the written jurisprudential heritage. The results of the research show that by using the existing rules in the written jurisprudential heritage such as the rule of Saltanah, Aitlaf, Tasbib and La darar, and in combining them with aesthetic methods and approaches, efficiency and the greater effectiveness of these standards in managing the place and urban landscape becomes more achievable. Also, the research findings indicate that the concern of paying attention to the environment and human encounter with urban space are among the issues that have been considered by jurists. In this regard, the issue of maintaining the privacy and moral and psychological security of citizens is one of the advantages of urban jurisprudence that should be considered and based on action in urban management.  Manuscript profile
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        155 - Structural aesthetics criticism of story “ Rooz-e 4shanbe” from “ Hasht Behesht” -poetic (versified) story - by “ Amir Khosro Dehlavi”.
        Meisam Zare Maryam Mousavi
        Structural aesthetics criticism of story “ Rooz-e 4shanbe” from “ Hasht Behesht” -poetic (versified) story - by “ Amir Khosro Dehlavi”. Amir Khosro Dehlavi, is a poet of 7th and 8th century, who composed poetic stories impressed by N More
        Structural aesthetics criticism of story “ Rooz-e 4shanbe” from “ Hasht Behesht” -poetic (versified) story - by “ Amir Khosro Dehlavi”. Amir Khosro Dehlavi, is a poet of 7th and 8th century, who composed poetic stories impressed by Nezami`s” quintuple poetic”. One of them as his 5th and the last, named” Hasht Behesht” has been written influenced by Nezami`s “ Haft Peykar”. In the mentioned poetic story, Bahram-e Goor, listens to the story “Rooz-e 4shanbe” which is the story of “ Shahr-e Khamoushan” told by the Roman princess. The poet has depicted the story properly. This research by aesthetic and structural approach, is intended for analyzing this story through consideration and analyzing the main structural elements included the language, the rhythm and the imagination. The consequences indicate that the poet by using selective words and phonemes in the language part, suitable rhymes in the rhythm part and accurate similes and metaphors in the imagination part, creates an admirable poetic story. Meysam zare Ph.D. student of Persian language and literature in Shiraz university. Maryam mosavi M.A student of Persian language and literature in Shahid Beheshti university. Manuscript profile
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        156 - Image and imagery in the lyric poem of Nowrooz and Nowgol
        Hafez Hatami
        Image and imaging is one of the most prominent elements in the field of aesthetics, including the attributes of literary and artistic works. Today, the critical look at literary works from the poient of view of creating new, pure and nugget images is one of the serious More
        Image and imaging is one of the most prominent elements in the field of aesthetics, including the attributes of literary and artistic works. Today, the critical look at literary works from the poient of view of creating new, pure and nugget images is one of the serious issues in traditional linguistic studies, critique and literary theory, especially in the study of formalism and structuralism schools.the purpose of this essay is discuss the types of images of the lyric poem of Nowrooz and Nowgol Arman Rakian , which has just enterd the market. The research is done by descriptive documentation and finally, content analysis and based on the finding. In the course of this research with the introduction of various simple imagery, numerous and extensive and gradually moving away from traditional methods of payment in the form of example of imaginary in the field of science of figurative language, rhetoric and and figures of speech to explore new elements, multi-layerd images types of metaphors in you, combined with myths, archetype narrative and even narrative and description. Manuscript profile
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        157 - Aesthetic Analysis of the Kalidar by Mahmoud Dolatabadi from the Perspective of a New Criticism
        Elham Fatahi
        The study of the nature of beauty in various fields is the subject of "aesthetic" knowledge, which includes philosophy of beauty, beauty psychology, philosophy of art and art criticism. From an aesthetic point of view, it can be said that the main function of beauty is More
        The study of the nature of beauty in various fields is the subject of "aesthetic" knowledge, which includes philosophy of beauty, beauty psychology, philosophy of art and art criticism. From an aesthetic point of view, it can be said that the main function of beauty is to create emotional harmony between man, nature and society. According to modern literary criticism, the only work in which the function of aesthetics - which proves that literature is an art - predominates - is a literary work. Discovering and adapting these new aesthetic features to Kalidar's novel will lead to understanding and receiving the artistic richness and discovering the literary institution of this work. The abundance of images, the organization of spoken music and repetitive human themes, the literary level of this novel is closer to the artistic standards of this literary theory. Manuscript profile
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        158 - مدل‌سازی واکنش سبز‌شدن ارقام گندم به دما در شرایط مزرعه
        محمدحسن پناهی افشین سلطانی ابراهیم زینلی مهدی کلاته عربی علیرضا نه‌بندانی
        Manuscript profile
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        159 - Investigation on the effect of NaCl on the activity of peroxidase and peroxidation of lipids in roots of two sensitive and tolerant cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
        فائزه Ghanati, Elham Nayyeri Torshizi
        In this paper, the effect of NaCl on the activity of soluble (SPO) and wall bound peroxidases (IPO, CPO) as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in roots of two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Two wheat cultivars, Mahooti and Alamoot were sele More
        In this paper, the effect of NaCl on the activity of soluble (SPO) and wall bound peroxidases (IPO, CPO) as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in roots of two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Two wheat cultivars, Mahooti and Alamoot were selected as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars, respectively. The plants were treated with 300mM NaCl for 24, 48 and 96 hours. The content of lignin and the ratio of CWP/FW were studied during 96 hours of treatment as well. Salt treatment increased the rate of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activity of wall bound peroxidases, particularly in roots of Mahooti. These phenomena were also associated with an increase in the content of lignin in the walls. The activity of soluble peroxidase was also stimulated which helps to more scavenging of peroxide radicals produced by NaCl treatment. Meanwhile, the results suggest that in salt-tolerant wheat cultivar, NaCl treatment accelerated aging process. Manuscript profile
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        160 - Selection of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under salt stress condition
        Abbasali Nourinia
        Wheat is a moderately tolerant plant to salinity stress, but its genotypes have difference in tolerance range in saline circumstance. In order to evaluate of breed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under saline and normal conditions, an experiment was conducted in More
        Wheat is a moderately tolerant plant to salinity stress, but its genotypes have difference in tolerance range in saline circumstance. In order to evaluate of breed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under saline and normal conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2004 in Golestan agriculture research center. In this research 25 genotypes were evaluated in lab and farm. In lab phase, germination test was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replication in two environments (saline by NaCl with 10dS/m and distilled water with 0 dS/m) and some seed and seedling characteristica as well as root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight, germination percent were evaluated. In filed experiment seed yield, Cl-, Na+and K+ ions accumulation were measured and some parameters were consist of Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Sensitive Index (SSI) and TOL were calculated. Results indicated that there were significant difference in germination traits among genotype (P<0.05). It was shown that STI is the best parameters for tolerance in genotype selection. IAS58/4/KAL/BB//CJ71/3/ALD/5/CNR/6/BAU/7/BAU/8/BR23/PF, TNMU/SKAUZ SITE/ORL-9127 PRINIA//LIRA/TAN, OPATA85//VEE#5"S"/SARA, TAJAN genotypes have higher tolerance in saline condition and then it could be selected as superior genotypes. Manuscript profile
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        161 - Philosophy and Location: Aesthetic Thoughts and its Relationship with the Building of Urban Spaces (A Case Study of Naghsh-e-Jahan Square in Isfahan and St. Peter's Square in Rome, Italy)
        Abbas Damercheli Navid Saeidi Rezvani Seyyed Mohammad Reza Khatibi
        Aesthetics is somehow engaged in the thoughts of urban planners and architects. Aesthetics is a complex subject that adheres to individual and group tastes complied with a coherent and theoretical framework. The impressions of the various and contrasting aspects of the More
        Aesthetics is somehow engaged in the thoughts of urban planners and architects. Aesthetics is a complex subject that adheres to individual and group tastes complied with a coherent and theoretical framework. The impressions of the various and contrasting aspects of the beautification of urban spaces, in addition to raising the costs of the city, have caused confusion in the aesthetic field of urban planning and architecture. This article deals with what aesthetics in urban planning necessarily involves, which factors one has to deal with, or what kind of sources are used. In this article, the tendencies of theorists in aesthetics in the period of the Safavid and Renaissance in Europe based on the analysis of  Naqsh-e-Jahan Square of Isfahan and  St. Peter's Square in Italy in Rome were selected and studied. Then the adaptation and proximity of the features of the aesthetics have been evaluated applying the methodology of using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Based on the results of the questionnaires and findings, a tangible relationship between the aesthetic thoughts and ideas and the urban spaces designed in both Squares were observed. So, it was concluded that the beautification of urban spaces requires the backing of philosophical and aesthetic ideas, as well as a public art movement in the creation of urban spaces.   Manuscript profile
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        162 - Designing and validating an integrated model of curriculum components and aesthetic training in higher education
        Mohamad Ardashiri Alireza Faghihi Mozhgan Mohamadinaieni
        Manuscript profile
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        163 - Aesthetics of Iranian ethnic art, based on participation law Examples ethnic songs (emphasis on Bakhtiari)
        hosein ebrahimi naghani
        Ethnic art known by every title, whether "national" or "folk" is rooted in totality as ethnic arts career in Iran is unknown, the specific expression of the art in terms of the enjoyment of language and other courses Iran's art is distinctive. The art and species mainly More
        Ethnic art known by every title, whether "national" or "folk" is rooted in totality as ethnic arts career in Iran is unknown, the specific expression of the art in terms of the enjoyment of language and other courses Iran's art is distinctive. The art and species mainly on searching and reflection "pure form" of art and aesthetic experience is based upon. Although the mentality of the early universe and legendary folk art is the same mentality, but because of the remnants of that comprise the art and aesthetics can be explained by many factors, calculation and evaluation. "Natural or legal fusion of" making initial, mythical mentality is essential in the production and reproduction of ethnic arts is essential. In this paper, to set forth on the mentality of people in arts, form values ​​and salty mixed ethnic composition of unfamiliar words and spaces especially Bakhtiari people with perfect aesthetics and Formalistic approach is investigated Manuscript profile
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        164 - The analysis of the musical layers of Bakhtiari Mahdavi Poems
        Farhad Barati Enayatollah Mahmoodi
        10.30495/irll.2022.1955663.1504
        Contemporary Mahdavi Poems are considered as the most valuable and impressive type of resistance literature and ritual genre because of focusing on freedom, justice, fighting oppression, and picturing utopia with bright horizons. After Islamic Revolution in Iran due to More
        Contemporary Mahdavi Poems are considered as the most valuable and impressive type of resistance literature and ritual genre because of focusing on freedom, justice, fighting oppression, and picturing utopia with bright horizons. After Islamic Revolution in Iran due to dominant ideology, waiting culture and Mahdavism have become an important motif in Persian literature and poetry. The Bakhtiari poets also effected by the prevailing thoughts in this era and for the true belief of Bakhtiari people in Shiite teachings, have deeply composed Mahdavi poems. The number of Mahdavi poems studied in this research is thirty-one from eighteen Bakhtiari poets which have been composed and published in a classical form.. The musical layers of Bakhtiari Poems is studied and the aesthetic effects of this layers on the super-layers is analysed. It was determined that Bakhtiari poets while using the musical and phonetic elements of language, in addition to the decorative function, have deeply paid attention to  the roles of sounds and their relationships to the subject matter. In Bakhtiari Mahdavi Poems, all three musical layers including outer,inner ,and side layers، based on theme and subject are used. Manuscript profile
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        165 - Analysis of the aesthetic component in urban landscape design emphasizing the quality of high rise buildings (Case Study: ELGOLI Boulevard axis of Tabriz City- From the Entrance of the ELGOLI road to the intersection of Kasai Highway)
        saeedeh feızı lachın pahlavan
        This research investigates the role of aesthetics in improving the quality of urban landscape with the aim of evaluating the 45-meter-wide El-Goli boulevard with emphasis on the high-rise items through the parameters and indices extracted from the research based on theo More
        This research investigates the role of aesthetics in improving the quality of urban landscape with the aim of evaluating the 45-meter-wide El-Goli boulevard with emphasis on the high-rise items through the parameters and indices extracted from the research based on theories of scholars of experts and authors. The research method is mainly descriptive, analytical, and field. The required information of the present research collected through the various sources as comparative-analytical using library resources, documents, records and reports and the remaining part collected by visiting governmental organizations including municipality-district 2, Organization of green space and parks. Based on field studies, data including Panoramic photography and objective observations from both two sides of the El-Goli Blvd. in four sequences collected. The statistical society compromises 500 people in four groups consisting of experts and administrators of this field, professors and students of architecture of Tabriz University and citizens (including tradespeople, residents and passers-by), domestic and foreign tourists.The logic of sampling for selection the study area and statistical society are targeted and randomly respectively. Data analysis is carried by SPSS software. One-way variance test was used among the four groups of studies to compare the dimensions of the visual quality for the urban landscape of high-rise buildings in 45 meter El-Goli boulevard. The results of the study indicate non-satisfaction of the citizens, experts, managers and experts regarding the urban visual quality of high-rise buildings on 45-meter-wide El-Goli Blvd. which requires improvement and co-ordination among all the groups participated in this study. Manuscript profile
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        166 - مدل‌سازی واکنش سبز‌شدن ارقام گندم به دما در شرایط مزرعه
        محمدحسن پناهی افشین سلطانی ابراهیم زینلی مهدی کلاته عربی علیرضا نه‌بندانی
        Manuscript profile
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        167 - Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception evolution in the transition from traditional to modern society with emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city image
        mohadese seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatian
        The transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectur More
        The transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectural components are rooted in which fundamental changes in the aesthetic approach to accelerate the transition from past traditional society toward today's modern society? The present study tries to, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with the sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, with the aim of identify the relative causes of the decline in the nature of art in present aesthetics and reducing the longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in art including Iranian art, shifting from the traditional society to today’s modern society, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and is tending towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and having a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime Manuscript profile
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        168 - An Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception in the transition from traditional to modern society with an emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city
        Mohadese Seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatian
        10.30495/uss.2021.681349
        The transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach ar More
        The transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach are at the roots of the transition from past traditional society to today's modern society? The present study, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with a sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, aims to identify the relative causes of the decline of arts in present aesthetics and the reduction of longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in arts including Iranian art, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and tends towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and has a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime. Manuscript profile
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        169 - A sociological study of the impact of developments in the bazzar and the social, cultural and economic functioning of the merchants in the past three decades from 1360 to 1380 (Case of Study: Qaesarea bazzar)
        mohamadali chitsaz محمد همایون سپهر امیر مسعود امیر مظاهری
        All over the world, the market is a key concept which influences both everyday life events and political discourses. The market is considered to be a very complex social and economic phenomenon which can also be studied sociologically. Hence, the present study aimed to More
        All over the world, the market is a key concept which influences both everyday life events and political discourses. The market is considered to be a very complex social and economic phenomenon which can also be studied sociologically. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the sociology of the market and the impact of social, cultural and economic changes on business functions in the recent three decades of 1360 – 1380 in Qaesarea bazzar in Isfahan. The research population consisted of the businessmen of Qaesarea bazzar in Isfahan and the other markets connected to it. 384 individuals were selected as the sample. The data were collected using questionnaires, historical documents and interviews. The results indicated that social changes have had a positive effect on cultural functions (Z=21/924) and on political functions (Z=81/026). Also, Cultural changes have a positive effect on economic functions (Z=2/149) and on social functions (Z=31/832), and on cultural functions (Z=12/792). Economic changes have a positive impact on economic functions (Z=68/07) and on social functions (Z=6/058). Manuscript profile
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        170 - Manifestation of aesthetics of Isfahan philosophical school in the sacred architecture of Safavid mosques (Case study: Imam Mosque of Isfahan)
        maryam davarzani amir akbari seyed sina taghavi
        With the formation of the Safavid government, the ground was prepared for the expansion of philosophical schools. During this period, the philosophical school of Isfahan, which was founded by prominent personalities such as Mulla Sadra, was formed and completed all the More
        With the formation of the Safavid government, the ground was prepared for the expansion of philosophical schools. During this period, the philosophical school of Isfahan, which was founded by prominent personalities such as Mulla Sadra, was formed and completed all the doctrinal foundations of its previous philosophers. During this period, the presence of Mulla Sadra and the founders of this school in the city of Isfahan paved the way for the formation of a flourishing period of wisdom and philosophy. On the other hand, the Safavid era was one of the most significant periods in showing the connection between architecture and philosophical schools, which has greatly influenced the foundations of the philosophical school of Isfahan and has created the most magnificent architecture compared to previous eras, which is definitely the highest expression in space. The mosque has appeared. Therefore, the present study tries to answer the question, what effect has the ideas of Mulla Sadra as the most prominent figure of the Isfahan school had on the aesthetics of Safavid architecture? And how did this effect become physical? In this regard, using the historical descriptive-analytical method, first to study the philosophical school of Isfahan, Mulla Sadra's aesthetic foundations and then how it affects the sacred architecture of the Safavid mosque. Manuscript profile
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        171 - An Analysis of Didactic Ideas in Gisuderaz
        Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Hosein Arian
        10.30495/pars.2021.685480
        Didactic literature in the Iraqi style is becoming one of the main teaching branches and it is worthwhile to study the didactic ideas of the poets of this style with a closer look. For describing this issue and answering the research question it is helpful to investigat More
        Didactic literature in the Iraqi style is becoming one of the main teaching branches and it is worthwhile to study the didactic ideas of the poets of this style with a closer look. For describing this issue and answering the research question it is helpful to investigate the didactic teachings of the poets of this style. Since this approach does not address the educational thought of Gisudraz, the authors in this study try to present the didactic trainings of Gisudraz in various realms by means of thematic analysis and citing first-hand sources; among these trainings are: protest against the adversities of existence, kindness and its significance in human's understanding, importance of the book and book-reading. These items have been expressed in simple and fluent language following Saadi. In fact, education and training are the influential themes in his poetry collection.  Manuscript profile
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        172 - Camel; sedation, induction and maintenance of anesthesia; A review article
        Abolfazl Barzegar Bafrouei Moosa Javdani
        Abstract Anesthetics are used for a variety of reasons, such as to minimize or eliminate pain, relax muscles and even to facilitate clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. like other ruminants in camels, most of the surgical interventions are performed with loc More
        Abstract Anesthetics are used for a variety of reasons, such as to minimize or eliminate pain, relax muscles and even to facilitate clinical examination and diagnostic procedures. like other ruminants in camels, most of the surgical interventions are performed with local anesthesia and sedative. Different anesthetic regimens in practice for other animals also hold true in the camel..the most common drugs used for premedication/ sedation in camels were xylazine, romifidine, detomidine, medetomidine, tramadol and butorphanol. For induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, the following drugs were used most commonly: propofol, ketamine, xylazine- ketamine, ketamine-romifidine-diazepam, medetomidine-ketamine, propofol-xylazine, propofol-xylazine-diazepam, tramadol-xylazine, medetomidine-ketamine, medetomidine-ketamine-butorphanol and midazolam-propofol. The drugs used to reverse the effects of analgesia were atipamezole and natrelexone. The objectives of this article were to review all scientific data regarding anaesthetic drugs and anaesthetic protocols used for pre-medication, sedation, induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the field was published 2008-2015.The effective doses and reported side effects were discussed. Manuscript profile
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        173 - A Comparative Study of Spending Leisure Time among the Youth in Somaesara City (A case study: boy and girl students at high school level)
        akbar motamedimehr maryam vaghef koodehi
        One of the most important aspects of human life that has gained special value and attention in human societies is leisure time. So, there should be a systematic and principled planning for the youth that are the fundamental and primary capitals in each society. Regardin More
        One of the most important aspects of human life that has gained special value and attention in human societies is leisure time. So, there should be a systematic and principled planning for the youth that are the fundamental and primary capitals in each society. Regarding the significance of leisure and its potentially cultural and social advantages to the youth, especially young students, the present research has been conducted to study leisure time comparatively among boy and girl students at high school level in Somaesara. Since the research is conducted to study the present situation, the method used is descriptive-analytic through field study.  The subjects of study are boy and girl students at high school level in 88-89 educational year. Data collection is done through researcher-made questionnaire. Based on random sampling, 360students are selected according to Morgan table. To analyze the data and  explore the results, hypothesis testing is employed through inferential-descriptive statistics by the help of SPSS and EXCEL softwares. Based on the results reached, there is a significant difference among boy and girl students in their leisure time. This difference gets highlighted in summer. Similarly, the dire shortage of leisure facilities in Somaesara proven by the students’ needs and desires indicates that there is a no relation between the needs and leisure time creation.  One hypothesis is proven with significance level of 0.05. Manuscript profile
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        174 - ارزیابی زیباشناسی منظر پاییزه گونه های درختی بومی زیرحوزه هیرکانی جهت کاربرد در فضای سبز شهری (مطالعه موردی: حوزه شهرستان ساری)
        وجیهه عباسی قادی مسعود آزادبخت یحیی تاجور محمد اکبرزاده
        در چند دهه اخیر استفاده از گیاهان غیر بومی در کشور گسترش پیدا کرده است. گیاهانی که استفاده از آن­ها در منظر اغلب چالش برانگیز است و کشور را متحمل هزینه­های سنگینی می­کند. این مسائل سبب شده است که در چند دهه اخیر نگرشی جدید نسبت به گیاهان بومی ایجاد شود. گونه More
        در چند دهه اخیر استفاده از گیاهان غیر بومی در کشور گسترش پیدا کرده است. گیاهانی که استفاده از آن­ها در منظر اغلب چالش برانگیز است و کشور را متحمل هزینه­های سنگینی می­کند. این مسائل سبب شده است که در چند دهه اخیر نگرشی جدید نسبت به گیاهان بومی ایجاد شود. گونه­هایی که به علت دارا بودن فاکتورهای اصلی اکولوژیکی و عدم نیاز به تطابق با منطقه ایجاد شده اند. بر این اساس، این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی گونه­های درختی چوبی که می­توانند در برنامه ریزی جهت کاربرد در فضای سبز مورد استفاده قرار گیرند انجام شد. بر این اساس در این مطالعه در مجموع 55 گونه درختی از 20 خانواده گیاهی در منطقه­ی مورد مطالعه پیدا شدند که پس از ارزیابی پارامترهای زیباشناسی ناظر بر زیبایی فصل خزان گیاهان مورد مطالعه، 27 گونه درختی ناحیه هیرکانی به لحاظ معیارهای زیباشناسی در فصل پاییز در زمره گیاهان زیبا قرار می‌گیرند و 14 گونه درختی در گروه درختان بسیار زیبا و 14 گونه در گروه درختان با زیبایی متوسط جای گرفتند. در نتیجه برخی از گونه­های درختی بومی هیرکانی دارای قابلیت استفاده جهت زیباسازی مناظر شهری به خصوص در فصل پاییز می­باشند، لذا انجام مطالعات سازگاری جهت کاربرد این گونه­ها در فضای سبزشهری به خصوص پارک­ها توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile
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        175 - مقایسه پتانسیل بومی سازی گیاه Dracaena Sanderiana ‘Victory’ در محیط های نوری مختلف
        Chalinda Beneragama G.D.K. Kumara
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه Dracaena sanderiana ‘Victory’که یک گیاه برگ زینتی با اهمیت تجاری در بازارهای محلی و بین­المللی است، در محیط­های نوری مختلف و در یک گلخانه نیمه باز در پرادینا (سریلانکا) انجام شد. گیاهان هم­اندازه و هم­سن ک More
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه Dracaena sanderiana ‘Victory’که یک گیاه برگ زینتی با اهمیت تجاری در بازارهای محلی و بین­المللی است، در محیط­های نوری مختلف و در یک گلخانه نیمه باز در پرادینا (سریلانکا) انجام شد. گیاهان هم­اندازه و هم­سن که آماده صادرات بودند در گلدان پلاستیکی پر شده با بستر کاشت استاندارد که به­وسیله گروه کشاورزی توصیه شده بود، پرورش داده شدند. گیاهان در معرض 4 تیمار نوری مختلف قرار گرفتند: نور کامل، 15 درصد سایه زیر توری سبز رنگ، 50 و 80 درصد سایه زیر توری مشکی. پارامترهای مورفولوژی و مرتبط با رشد اندازه­گیری شدند و ارزیابی زیبایی آن جهت تایید تناسب کلی گیاهان تا روز صدم و به فاصله بیست روز انجام شد. این رقم به شرایط نوری مختلف واکنش­های متفاوت نشان داد و صفات مربوط به برگ به شکل معنی­داری تغییر یافتند، در حالی­که سرعت رشد نسبی در همه محیط­ها یکنواخت بود. نسبت­های وزنی که از طریق ماده خشک اندازه­گیری می­شدند، تغییر یافتند، در حالی که سرعت رشد نسبی در همه محیط­ها یکنواخت بود. نسبت­های وزنی که از طریق ماده خشک اندازه­گیری می­شدند، تغییر نیافت. بیشتر پاسخ­ها زیر توری مشکی (50 درصد سایه) با توری سبز (15 درصد سایه) که نسبت R/FR آن کاهش یافته بود، قابل مقایسه بود. دریافتیم که رقم ’ویکتوری‘ می­تواند به­راحتی با شرایط نوری این مطالعه، بومی شود. نکته جالب اینکه این رقم در این شرایط نوری نمره بالای 80 درصد زیباشناسی را بدست آورد که حاکی از پتانسیل استفاده از این رقم در شرایط نوری مختلف است به گونه­ای که زیبایی ظاهری آن تغییری نکند. Manuscript profile
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        176 - زیباشناسی درختان بومی زینتی در فضای سبز شهری شمال ایران (شهر رشت)
        سیاوش ثقفی بیرجند علیرضا اسلامی
        درختان بومی با سازگاری بالا، مقاومت بالا به تنش‌های محیطی و کاهش هزینه‌های نگهداری و با اتکاء به باران و نیاز آبی اندک خود می‌توانند گزینه‌های مناسبی در انتخاب بهترین گیاهان برای کاشت در فضاهای سبز شهری با توجه به اقلیم هر منطقه باشند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی جنبۀ زیباشن More
        درختان بومی با سازگاری بالا، مقاومت بالا به تنش‌های محیطی و کاهش هزینه‌های نگهداری و با اتکاء به باران و نیاز آبی اندک خود می‌توانند گزینه‌های مناسبی در انتخاب بهترین گیاهان برای کاشت در فضاهای سبز شهری با توجه به اقلیم هر منطقه باشند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی جنبۀ زیباشناسانۀ درختان بومی زینتی شهر رشت انجام پذیرفت. مطالعه و بررسی‌های میدانی روی 14 گونه از درختان بومی موجود با ثبت ویژگی‌ها و مشخصات زیباشناسی به کمک مشاهدۀ درختان در طبیعت انجام گردید. پس از تعیین ۱۱ شاخص زیباشناسی و نظرخواهی از متخصصین امر در قالب پرسشنامه‌های طراحی شده بر اساس اطلاعات جمع‌آوری شده، ارزیابی درختان به روش فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی(AHP) انجام و توسط نرم افزارExpert Choice  نسبت به تجزیه و تحلیل نتایج بدست آمده اقدام ‌گردید. نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی‌ها نشان داد که از نظر زیباشناسی، 3 گونه درخت، آزاد (Zelkova carpinifolia)، انجیلی (Parrotia persica) و  افرا شیردار (Acer cappadocicum) بالاترین مطلوبیت و 3 گونه درخت، سفیدپلت (Populus caspica Bornm)، لیلکی (Gleditsia caspica) و ارس(Juniperus foetidissima) کمترین مطلوبیت را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. از این تحقیق می‌توان همچنین نتیجه‌گیری نمود که از دیدگاه زیباشناسی، درختان پهن‌برگ خزان‌پذیر نسبت به درختان همیشه سبز بومی موجود در شهر رشت، از زیبایی بیشتری در طول فصول سال برخوردار بوده و قابلیت بالایی به جهت استفاده و کاربرد در فضاهای سبز شهری دارند. Manuscript profile
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        177 - The Role of Preservative Compounds on Number of Bacteria on the End of Stems and Vase Solutions of Cut Gerbera
        T. Oraee A. Asghar Zadeh M. Kiani A. Oraee
        This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of preservative solutions on vase life, number of bacteria in the end of stem and in vase solution of cut gerbera 'Double Dutch' and 'Red Explotion'. Cut flowers were pulse-treated with nano-silver (2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 mg L-1 More
        This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of preservative solutions on vase life, number of bacteria in the end of stem and in vase solution of cut gerbera 'Double Dutch' and 'Red Explotion'. Cut flowers were pulse-treated with nano-silver (2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 mg L-1) and thymol (12.5, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg L-1) +5 % sucrose. Experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 5 replications and 1 flower in each experimental unit. Flower were harvested from a commercial greenhouse and transported to laboratory with 22±1oC temperature and 60±5% relative humidity. According to the results, these materials had positive effects on vase life of flowers.6 mg L-1 nano-silver treatments in ‘Red Explotion’ cultivar had highest longevity (14 days). All treatments were effective on decreasing of bacteria in stem end and solution. In 4 and 6 mg L-1 SNP treatments was not any bacteria in vase solutions of ‘Red Explotion’ cultivar. Resulty showed that nano-silver can be use for increasing the vase life of cut gerbera ‘Double Dutch’ and ‘Red Explotion’. Manuscript profile
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        178 - simon de bouvar a phnomenological eastathics
        شمس الملوک مصطفوی saeide golmohamadi
        In today's philosophy, the possibility of harmony, closeness and mixing of different fields, including the field of literature and philosophy, has been provided. The purpose of this article is to examine the phenomenological aesthetics of the works of Simon de Beauvoir, More
        In today's philosophy, the possibility of harmony, closeness and mixing of different fields, including the field of literature and philosophy, has been provided. The purpose of this article is to examine the phenomenological aesthetics of the works of Simon de Beauvoir, a famous philosopher and writer of the 20th century, and to explain the positive consequences of this creative attitude. In fact, de Beauvoir writes philosophically and in the form of writing a metaphysical novel, he brings literature and philosophy closer to each other. More than a writer, he is an artist who cultivates ideas about art and literature through his thoughtful texts and fiction works. Simon de Beauvoir is not a phenomenologist, but his thoughts have the talent of phenomenological reading, as his attention to intentionality, inter-subjective relationship, individual, experience, other and self-loneliness, has made his works worthy of phenomenological study and research. The present article aims to provide the possibility of such a reading of his works by briefly reviewing the concepts raised in de Beauvoir's works. Manuscript profile
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        179 - Stratigraphy of lower part of Amiran Formation in N.W and S.E of Khorramabad
        Khosro Khosrotehrani Ahmad Abyat Masih Afghah
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        180 - Aesthetics of Golshan-e Rāz
        تورج عقدایی
            Golshan-e Rāz (Garden of Secrets) is a collection of poems written in the 14th century by Sheikh Mahmud Shabestarī (1288-1340). It is considered to be one of the greatest classical Persian works of the Islamic mystical tradition. Shabestarī uses the fig More
            Golshan-e Rāz (Garden of Secrets) is a collection of poems written in the 14th century by Sheikh Mahmud Shabestarī (1288-1340). It is considered to be one of the greatest classical Persian works of the Islamic mystical tradition. Shabestarī uses the figures of speech to express mystical ideas. At first, to compare abstract and real concepts, simile is used. Then, the metaphor and symbol to state mystical intuitions are employed. And finally, he takes amphiboly and paradox for explaining complicated concepts. The present article tries to show the aesthetical aspects of Golshan-e Rāz.     Manuscript profile
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        181 - Creation of a New Myth from an the Old Odyssey
        علیرضا مظفری محمدنبی تولایی
          The Odyssey, one of the major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, is mainly centereds on the Greek hero Odysseus, his wanderings and long journey home after the fall of Troy. In this journey, the goddess Athena constantly supports Odysse More
          The Odyssey, one of the major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer, is mainly centereds on the Greek hero Odysseus, his wanderings and long journey home after the fall of Troy. In this journey, the goddess Athena constantly supports Odysseus. The main aim of the present article is to explain the reason of for this support. First of all, there are similarities between Athena and Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, and also, between Hephaestus, the god of fire, and Odysseus. It can be imagined that Athena, with protection of by protecting Odysseus, wants to show Hephaestus her love and fidelity. Second, for Greeks, Athena is the goddess of wisdom and on the other hand, Odysseus is symbol of reason. So, the support of Odysseus by Athena means that the Universal and Divine intellect protects the intellect that is partial and human.      Manuscript profile
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        182 - Synthetic Research of the Aesthetic Education Studies Based on the Dimensions of Child Development
        Nasrin Askari Mohammad Nourian Mahmood Abaeikoopaei
          The purpose of this study was a systematic study to provide a series of studies on the elements of aesthetic education based on the dimensions of child development. The study design was qualitative using the strategy of researching synthesis. Data analysis w More
          The purpose of this study was a systematic study to provide a series of studies on the elements of aesthetic education based on the dimensions of child development. The study design was qualitative using the strategy of researching synthesis. Data analysis was conducted using an analytical content analysis method with directional approach. In which recent research has been selected, categorized, and categorized in a systematic way. The surveyed community of related topics from 2000 to 2018 was published on prestigious domestic and foreign sites. Out of 59 papers, 41 samples were selected in a targeted way. First, theoretical foundations and main themes were extracted, coded and classified. The results represent the conceptual model, which has 19 categories related to goals, 18 categories of components and 19 categories of aesthetic education outcomes, which fall into four main categories of personality development, spiritual development, social development and cognitive development. The categories of imagination and accuracy in all aspects of transformation and other components are in some common dimensions.On this basis, it can be concluded that the teaching of aesthetic elements influences the development of children in different aspects.     Manuscript profile
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        183 - Very High Throughput Implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm on FPGA
        Mahdi Rahmanpour Amir Amirabadi Zavare
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        184 - A review of the position of Hafez poetry in Hegel's aesthetic structure
        nooshafarin shahsavan mohamad javad safian esfahani gholamali hatam
        From the Hegel’s viewpoint, the noble poetry is an art which encompasses all aspects of life of an ethnic group and brings the spirit to awareness and freedom. But today art does not play such a role anymore. Hafez poetry collection has always been considered a gr More
        From the Hegel’s viewpoint, the noble poetry is an art which encompasses all aspects of life of an ethnic group and brings the spirit to awareness and freedom. But today art does not play such a role anymore. Hafez poetry collection has always been considered a great art and includes poems with the content of divine and humane freedom. The purpose of this research is to deal with the position of Hafez poetry in Hegel’s thought. The question is that according to the Hegel’s perception of art, despite his claim can we consider the Hafez poetry as a great art in modern ages? In this qualitative research which has been conducted in descriptive- analytic method , it was specified that as in Hafez poetry we are facing with a general worldview in which the deep and universal concepts of human soul are put forth , so the Hafez poetry collection is not limited to any time and place and its content is extendable to each period. Thus , despite the Hegel’s view , the Hafez poetry is considered a great art in modern ages too. Manuscript profile
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        185 - In the Holy Qur'an, check the meaning of the letter from the semantics and aesthetics of discourse
        Masoumeh Pouya Farhad Divsalar
        Holy Quran the greatest miracle of the religion of Islam shows  new sights in every era. Some of the verses of the Holy Qur'an include the Wishes The Holy Quran This great miracle of the religion of Islam, in every era and era, watches its new front. The downsides More
        Holy Quran the greatest miracle of the religion of Islam shows  new sights in every era. Some of the verses of the Holy Qur'an include the Wishes The Holy Quran This great miracle of the religion of Islam, in every era and era, watches its new front. The downsides of the verses of the Holy Qur'an include those that are equivalent to the letter of the Lithium that is one of these great scenes of strong and influential discourse. In this paper, we try to examine these verses by analytical-descriptive method from the perspective of the Grimes semantics square as well as the aesthetic-emotional aspect; an aspect which, as a flexible element, can control a structure with emotional elements, and translators The modern one seeks to understand and understand these subtle aspects in the translation of the word of revelation The most important goal we seek to achieve is the recognition of multiple layers and the application of this structure in emotional aesthetic discourse, taking into account contradictory, contradictory and complementary contrasts by the positive and negative actors, in these seemingly short terms, a large drama of four An effective pole in the discourse and emotions in the flood. In this regard, achieving a dynamic, vibrant and effective translation is our ultimate goal in this research. Studies show that God in the Holy Quran has expressed the words "Evil" in the language of humans in the two worldly and in the past, in very beautiful words and words, and expresses the desire and regret of what others have, or in a pity And regret what has been lost and gone. On the other hand, it expresses a wish for a future that is not available in the present circumstances. Manuscript profile
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        186 - The Critical Analysis of Art and Literature Theory in Plato’s Intellectual and Philosophic System
        Morteza Heydari
        Plato knows all of the world’s phenomena as the shadow of truth and he doesn’t include their existential identity independent. In this research the author has tried to deal with justifying and analyzing his aesthetics system. According to Plato the artistic More
        Plato knows all of the world’s phenomena as the shadow of truth and he doesn’t include their existential identity independent. In this research the author has tried to deal with justifying and analyzing his aesthetics system. According to Plato the artistic works are the imitation from the absolute beauty that is eternal and everlasting. On the other hand he regards the beauty as a useful and working thing and says the art have to be in service of morality and society and he doesn’t like the exciting art. As well as, he doesn’t oppose with unexciting art, although it be without moral and social role. The author after the analysis of Plato’s thoughts concludes the contradictions in aesthetic and philosophic system of Plato that they have questioned the absoluteness of principle of beauty in Plato’s thoughts.       Manuscript profile
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        187 - Aesthetic analysis of Ashoraee, Mazandarani Fadaee’s poemsfrom the aspect of array of intellectual traditional,modern(amphibology,epanodos,synaesthesia and paradox)
        Freydoon Akbari sheldare Sayyed Mansoor Fotookian
        The essence of art, including literature and poetry, beauty and Scholars of rhetoric know, a novel as an arrangement of words .The clever poets in beauty secret are aware of the requirement Words and this article is going to be reviewed  and analyzed the poems of M More
        The essence of art, including literature and poetry, beauty and Scholars of rhetoric know, a novel as an arrangement of words .The clever poets in beauty secret are aware of the requirement Words and this article is going to be reviewed  and analyzed the poems of Mazandarani Fadaee which is decorated by Ashoraee’s flavor from the aspect of Oratory, arrays, opacity, and Epanodos (traditional novel) and Paradox (New Novel). In Fadae’s poems, array of amphibology has a special prominent and it has the most frequency. And proportion opacity was observed in some lines. In his poems, array of opacity in the form of nature elements and religious ritual are artistically seen. It sometimes used expression and musical positions in the form of opacity for declaring the thoughts and religious Contents. It is concluded in “Epanodos ” section that Epanodos has the most frequency in the lines which the beauties of Ashoraee was investigated and in this realm ,the poet also writes  the nature elements and its relation to the enormous event of Ashora and sometimes the other components. More “Paradox” is presented in two cases of Documentary s and expressive composition which Ashoraee has no frequency in the aspect of beauty and finally the array is investigated which sometimes apparently sense is related to mental and sometimes both of them which totally has a middle frequency. Manuscript profile
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        188 - Aesthetic study of Qoranic vocabularies on the subject of personification in Arabic and Persian Literature.
        Hosein Ghadami
        In rhetorical studies by focusing on rhetorical knowledge which is a miraculous aspect, in divine verses is an organizer element and is very impressive to convey the meanings to the audiences. The beauty of these vocabularies come from personified and humanized words wi More
        In rhetorical studies by focusing on rhetorical knowledge which is a miraculous aspect, in divine verses is an organizer element and is very impressive to convey the meanings to the audiences. The beauty of these vocabularies come from personified and humanized words with pleasure of hearing melodies, enjoyment of intelligence and ear, emotional joy and suitability of verses in psychological verses. In such expression divine vocabularies arrange themselves by personifying and making creatures wise. And in addition to their aesthetic rhetorical expressions, they appear in weaving art, too. This unknown late-named literary term rely on achievements and works of great rhetoricians and by working on contemporary rhetorical culture gets new name, personification. Its background goes before revelation of Qoran. And it shows itself more in divine verses and become a subject for Persian and Arabic Literature. This topic is the continuation of rhetoricians’ discussions about metaphor and it is completely different from animism. Because recognizing the participations of word in personification, by making the meanings clear is achievable. It has rational satisfaction and has effect on emotion and sentiment. This article with humility and respect tries to present the aesthetic inspired words in art and personification respectfully to friends. Manuscript profile
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        189 - Aesthetic Epistemology from the Perspective of Pragmatism as Opposed to Analytic Aesthetics
        saeideh golmohamadi shamsoulmolouk mostafavi
        Abstract Aesthetics is the epistemological view of beauty and Pragmatic aesthetics is considered as a kind of aesthetics and a second-degree knowledge, which deals with art and beauty, and discusses its features from a philosophical knowledge perspective using a pragmat More
        Abstract Aesthetics is the epistemological view of beauty and Pragmatic aesthetics is considered as a kind of aesthetics and a second-degree knowledge, which deals with art and beauty, and discusses its features from a philosophical knowledge perspective using a pragmatic method. Since pragmatism appeared in response to analytic philosophy, pragmatic aesthetics also makes sense only in contrast to analytic aesthetics. Functionalism, experimentalism, monism, and contextual relativity are among specific features of pragmatism, which are common in various branches of this school. Pragmatist aesthetics is also recognized and presented as against analytical aesthetics through these features. With the help of Richard Schusterman and based on the fundamental opposition of pragmatism and analytic philosophy, , this paper sought to pave the way for the discovery of the features of pragmatist aesthetics, and meanwhile, to distinguish, as the aestheticist in this field, a pragmatist philosopher who has had the most fruitful epistemological viewpoint. Manuscript profile
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        190 - A study of the epistemological foundations of illuminative “estrangement of consciousness” and explanation of its aesthetic requirements
        Nariman Khalili ensha'Allah Ramati Mohammad Aref
        In this article the epistemological foundations of estrangement of consciousness in Sohrewardi's thought are analyzed by asking the question of what is the origin of these foundations. Illuminative knowledge is knowledge in presence and is the opposite of acquired knowl More
        In this article the epistemological foundations of estrangement of consciousness in Sohrewardi's thought are analyzed by asking the question of what is the origin of these foundations. Illuminative knowledge is knowledge in presence and is the opposite of acquired knowledge. Sheikh Ishraq considers that the inference and opening of what science is? What its foundation is? And how it is understood? By referring to the knowledge in presence. The present study shows that the guide and common point of aesthetics of agent of species and the epistemology of "return to me" by the earthly self will be in the meta-historical process. Sohrevardi's anthropology has led to one of the most basic themes of Corbin, namely the estrangement of consciousness. In this article, based on the origin and function of "fall down", the existence focused on the other side of death has been interpreted in the movies with the theme of estrangement of consciousness. In the narratology of films with the theme of stranger consciousness it was found that in the three - dimensional unity of story (narrator, narration and the object of narration) the narrator is the subject and also the theme and object of epic. To analyze these epistemological foundations and aesthetic accessories, Henry Corbin’s phenomenological method has been used Manuscript profile
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        191 - Position and function of reflective judgment in Kan’s hilosophy
        Mohammad Akvan Esmaeil Tajik
        Kant differentiates between reflective and constitutive judgment explaining them in two teleological and aesthetic spheres. The judgment, in general, is a faculty which considers particular objects beneath universal law. If the niversal law has been given as priori, the More
        Kant differentiates between reflective and constitutive judgment explaining them in two teleological and aesthetic spheres. The judgment, in general, is a faculty which considers particular objects beneath universal law. If the niversal law has been given as priori, the judgment will be constitutive. If particulars are given and its universal law must be found, the judgment will be reflective. He tries to explain that as the faculty of understanding has its own priori principles, he also endeavors to figure out the priori principles for the judgment. The priori principle of reflective judgment is the intrinsic purpose of the nature. Manuscript profile
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        192 - Art and Aesthetics in Whitehead’s Educational Thoughts
        فاطمه زیباکلام مریم قاسمی
        Alfred North Whitehead, the well-known philosopher of 20th century, in his book, The Aims of Education, asserts that art and aesthetics are the component parts of education. His definition of aesthetics is related, on the one hand, to the art and, on the other hand, to More
        Alfred North Whitehead, the well-known philosopher of 20th century, in his book, The Aims of Education, asserts that art and aesthetics are the component parts of education. His definition of aesthetics is related, on the one hand, to the art and, on the other hand, to the values. This article tries to survey different aspects of art and aesthetics in Whitehead’s educational thoughts. Therefore firstly explains the views of Whitehead about organism and dynamics and then deals with the knowledge and cognition from his viewpoint and finally describes Whitehead’s theory of dynamic concepts. From Whitehead’s point of view, the true spirit of education is art. He tries to give a new way of looking at the place of art in making education more enjoyable. The views of Whitehead about the place of art and aesthetics present him as a distinguished educational philosopher; therefore, we believe that his thoughts and theories are useful and applicable for educational systems. Manuscript profile
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        193 - Realize the Identity of Rural Areas with an Aesthetic Approach based on Systematic Review
        Mehdi Ghorbani Sajjad Amiri
        10.30495/jsps.2023.1990947.1052
        TThe landscape in rural areas is always known by tradition and identity, and one of the criteria of rurality is creating a sense of attachment and place belonging to rural areas, on the other hand, the realization of rural identity as a basic indicator requires knowing More
        TThe landscape in rural areas is always known by tradition and identity, and one of the criteria of rurality is creating a sense of attachment and place belonging to rural areas, on the other hand, the realization of rural identity as a basic indicator requires knowing the components and how to restore identity. It is lost among the rural areas. Defining and explaining the theoretical framework of the realization of rural identity requires benefiting from the studies conducted in this field and other related topics. The review of previous research shows the weakness of the existing frameworks in relation to the realization of the rural identity based on the aesthetic approach. The purpose of this research is how to realize rural identity with a systematic review approach. The current research is fundamental in terms of its purpose, and with the approach of a systematic review of the literature related to the components of rural identity, landscape and aesthetics between the years 2000 and 2022, using 3 specific keywords and a clear and pre-designed strategy, from 5 databases. Information was collected. After screening and qualitative assessment, the final analysis was done on 37 articles. For the realization of rural identity with an aesthetic approach, it is necessary to know the structure and executive performance, existing requirements and background and practical measures, on the other hand, we need the participation of local people and related organizations in all stages of the implementation of the mentioned programs. With the help of cooperation and interaction between local people, related organizations and the government, it is possible to create a unique identity for each rural area and contribute to its sustainable economic and social development. Manuscript profile
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        194 - Study of Zinc Chelate Foliar Application on Yield, Yield Components and Harvest Index Some from of Bread Wheat Cultivars in Esfahan Weather Conditions.
        Marjan Nekoukhou ahmad majidimehr
        Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral nutrient for plant and human growth, and a dietary Zn deficiency is a worldwide nutritional problem. In other to Study effect of zinc chelate foliar application on yield, yield components, and Harvest Index 4 bread wheat cultivars in Es More
        Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral nutrient for plant and human growth, and a dietary Zn deficiency is a worldwide nutritional problem. In other to Study effect of zinc chelate foliar application on yield, yield components, and Harvest Index 4 bread wheat cultivars in Esfahan weather conditions. The experiment was arranged as a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in the crop year 2017-2018 In the central part of city Isfahan. The main factor consisted of zinc chelate foliar application in two levels (Non- foliar application and foliar application with concentration 5 in thousand) and subfactor was Consist of four cultivar bread of wheat (Sirwan, Sivand, Baharan, and Back-Cross). The results of the experiment showed that there was a significant difference between two levels of foliar application and four types of wheat varieties for plant height, Numbers of fertile tillers, number of spikes, grain yield and biological yield. Also, the interaction of foliar application in cultivars has a significant difference in yield and yield components.Maximum amount 1000 grain weight, number of spike and number of seeds per spike belonged to F2V4 treatment. The maximum grain yield (6765.00 Kg/ha) and biological yield (1866.00 Kg/ha) belonged to F2V4 treatment and the lowest was 3933.00 and 6096 Kg/ha, respectively, belonged to F1V1 treatment. In general, to look at the role of zinc element in the physiology of plants, especially crop wheat, as a zinc-deficient herb, it can be increased by the application of zinc-containing compounds. Manuscript profile
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        195 - Simultaneous Pre-Concentration of Cadmium and Lead in Environmental Water Samples with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
        M. Salahinejad F. Aflaki
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544021
        Manuscript profile
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        196 - Aesthetic Pathology of Modern Poetry
        Fatemeh Heidari Arash Moshfaghi
        Abstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year More
        Abstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year historical and artistic background or Persian literature, has modern poetry been affected and therefore suffers several defects that could be put into categories of form and content. The present study aims to investigate the defects of form and content in the areas of vocabulary, colloquial language, semantic, syntax, contents etc. all of which are discussed as far as possible, through examples from poems written by Nima Yooshij, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, Sohrab Sepehri, Ahmad Shamloo, Forough Farrokhzad, Tehereh Saffar Zadeh etc. So that the roots and origins of these qualitative and quantitative weaknesses from the point of view of aesthetic pathology be clarified. Manuscript profile
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        197 - Specifying the Relation of the Foundations of Mystical Anthropology with Ethical commentaryBased on Hume's Aesthetics
        Seyyedeh Zahra Tabatabaei Tabatabaei Khalil Bahrami Ghasrchamani Ghasrchamani Javad Ostad Mohammadi
        Abstract        Mystical ethics, as one of the strict and profound moral approaches, with its rich and comprehensive anthropology has provided a necessary and sufficient streamline to pose the moral commentary to achieve the highest&nb More
        Abstract        Mystical ethics, as one of the strict and profound moral approaches, with its rich and comprehensive anthropology has provided a necessary and sufficient streamline to pose the moral commentary to achieve the highest  ethic teachings. David Hume, a Scottish philosopher, is of the experimentalist school pioneers who considers the ethics in an important stance and even appeals him in the higher level. It has been tried in this essay, to study the relationship of mysticism of anthropology with ethical commentary focused on Hume's aesthetics. Since morality and beauty are both based on the feeling of taste, then are of the same quality. Hume believes that whatever as a result of exquisiteness creates pleasure, is considered preponderance. Therefore, the distinction between virtue and meanness is pleasure and toil. Beauty, as the writers of this essay believe, is of the significant ideas in exposing the ethics in Hume's philosophical system. Manuscript profile
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        198 - بررسی اثرتزریق پاراستامول وریدی در انتهای عمل جراحی بر میزان درد پس از عمل سزارین
        Hamed Beyzaee Maria Alian Parisa Najafi Ziba Zohourian
        Background and aims: postoperative analgesia is one of the most concerns of anesthesiologist and patients. Systemic opioids administration is the gold standard in reducing the severe pain after surgery but some side effects prevent the use of adequate doses of opioids. More
        Background and aims: postoperative analgesia is one of the most concerns of anesthesiologist and patients. Systemic opioids administration is the gold standard in reducing the severe pain after surgery but some side effects prevent the use of adequate doses of opioids. The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of intravenous paracetamol at the end of caesarian section procedure on postoperative pain. Methods: in this case-control clinical trial, 60 women condidate for caesarian section (ASA I-II) were enrolled. They randomely allocated in two groups for postoperative pain (n=30), one group received 1 gr paracetamol attenuated in normal saline, infused per 20 minutes at the end 20 minutes of surgery and 6 hours later and control group. Recieved nothing. Pain severity was evaluated exactly then, 1,3,6 hours after surgery, by visual analog scale. Results: mean age and weight of mothers was 26.7±5.2 years and 73.2±8 kg respectively. 55% of mothers were nuliparity and others were multipar. There was no differences between two groups considering age, weight, pariety, paracetamol caused no significant effect on blood pressure (systolic and diastolic)and heart rate. Also although there was a significant trend in pain severity in both groups, there was no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: As there was no significant effect on sever postoperative pain using intervenous paracetamol , future studies on th effect of that on mild to intermediate pain is suggested.   Manuscript profile
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        199 - Effects of Seed Coating on Germination rate of Triticum aestivum Var. Zagros in Soil moisture levels and Sowing Depths
        Hamid Reza Mehrabi
        Seed coating one of the methods seed amplifier in which various materials attach to the outer surface of the seed to minimize negative environmental impacts and improve plant establishment. This research in order to study the effects of different methods of seed coating More
        Seed coating one of the methods seed amplifier in which various materials attach to the outer surface of the seed to minimize negative environmental impacts and improve plant establishment. This research in order to study the effects of different methods of seed coating on the germination of Triticum aesativum Zagros variety in Different Soil moisture levels and Sowing Depth and was conducted in a growth chamber with farming soil as factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatment of coating materials include four levels: none coverage (NC), mineral matter (CC), material with organic base (OC) and material with hydrogel base (HC), soil moisture treatment in three levels including 9%, 14% and 21% of dry soil weight, planting depth treatment in both levels of surface cultivation and three times of the diameter of the seed was used. During testing germination percentage was evaluated, the results showed that all main effects of treatments (coating materials, soil moisture and planting depth) on germination of Triticum aesativum Zagros variety at 1% is significant. The interaction between treatments of soil moisture and seed cover, as well as treatments of planting depth  and seed cover, on the germination percentage significanted (p <0.01). The interaction between soil moisture and planting depth treatments as well as the triple effects of sowing depth, soil moisture and seed cover on germination percentage was not significant (p> 0.05). Manuscript profile
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        200 - Comparison between the two reduction methods of hypothermia induced by anesthesia in hamster
        H. Komeili, A. Taghipour S.H Shirazi beheshtiha, S.A Alavi,
        As ketamine hydrochloride and acepromazine is commonly used in anaesthesia of hamster and hypothermia isthe most dangerous side effect of this type of anaesthesia, it seems necessary to find a preventive method. Todayapplication of thermal pad as a physical method to in More
        As ketamine hydrochloride and acepromazine is commonly used in anaesthesia of hamster and hypothermia isthe most dangerous side effect of this type of anaesthesia, it seems necessary to find a preventive method. Todayapplication of thermal pad as a physical method to increase body temperature is recommended in many referencesreferences. Thermal pad as a physical intermediate in increasing the body temperature has problems and complications, hyperthermia induced by continuous monitoring of the body temperature during anaesthesia, increasing thechance of bleeding from the surgical region and inability to sterilize thermal pads are among these side effects.In this study the effect of injection of dexamethasone was compared with thermal pad. So we provided 18 goldenmale hamster 6 month age with average weight of 150+_30 grams andThey were randomly divided into 3 groups. 1st group (control): body temperature without using dexamethasoneand thermal pad was recorded after anaesthesia. 2nd group (thermal pad): during induction of anaesthesia hamsters was placed on thermal pad. 3rd group (dexamethasone): simultaneously with injection of anaesthetic drugsdexamethasone was administered and body temperature was recorded after 10 minuets of induction of anaesthesia.Statistical study of data showed that the hypothermia diminished in the 3rd group slightly, but there is clear difference between body temperature before and after anaesthesia. In the 3rd group there was not a cleared differencebetween body temperature before and after the anaesthesia. Manuscript profile
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        201 - Dialectic of the Political and the Aesthetic: Jacques Rancière Theoretical Reflections on Aesthetics and Its Relation to Politics
        masomeh mohamadyari Mohammad Tohidfam
        By saying that ‘in essence, politics is aesthetics’, Rancière seeks the aesthetical aspects of politics and the political aspects of aesthetics at the point in which an action amends or changes the sensible categories. By postulating the concept of &l More
        By saying that ‘in essence, politics is aesthetics’, Rancière seeks the aesthetical aspects of politics and the political aspects of aesthetics at the point in which an action amends or changes the sensible categories. By postulating the concept of ‘equality’ in his thought, Rancière re-examines the relation between politics and aesthetics. ‘Both of these subjects’ he maintains ‘are dealing with the same issues through parallel ways’. Both of them, re-distribute the sensible by their own idiosyncratic ways and by creating different forms of innovations, they emancipate the dialogue and speech from its pre-defined roles. There is an integration and sameness of these two and by eliminating the distributive logic of the sensible and re-distributing it, they open up the boarders of experience. That is done only by postulating equality that brings out the emancipation for the political. That is done only by postulating equality that brings out the emancipation of the political. Manuscript profile
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        202 - Exploring Citizens’ Aesthetic Perception in Urban Green Space Design: A Study of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs Distribution in Bushehr, Iran
        Reza Amareh Behzad Kaviani Shahram Sedaghathoor Mohammadsadegh Allahyari
        Expanding and restoring urban green spaces represent a growing social demand among citizens in developing countries. However, in Iran, these efforts face significant challenges due to the country's arid regions and the heightened expectations of people regarding visual More
        Expanding and restoring urban green spaces represent a growing social demand among citizens in developing countries. However, in Iran, these efforts face significant challenges due to the country's arid regions and the heightened expectations of people regarding visual and environmental quality. The selection of tree species in urban landscape design plays a crucial role in shaping the aesthetic, emotional, and environmental aspects of urban areas. To evaluate the impact of ornamental trees and shrubs in Bushehr's urban space, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted with a statistical sample of 200 Bushehri citizens, focusing on five species: Bougainvillea sp., Ficus elastica, Conocarpus erectus, Clerodendrum inerme, and Dodonea viscosa. Analysis revealed that "emotional feeling" and "perceived environmental beauty" constituted 70.9% of society’s aesthetic perception variance. Additionally, Friedman’s nonparametric test highlighted significant differences in society’s aesthetic perception of the studied trees, with respondents noting higher perceived cognitive beauty in Bougainvillea sp. and F. elastica. Effective selection of plant species for urban green spaces not only enhances visual appeal but also positively impacts people’s emotional well-being. This requires a thorough consideration of environmental factors and emotional responses. By integrating these concepts into the design, along with raising awareness of arid region species, satisfaction with urban spaces can be partially increased. Manuscript profile
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        203 - Explaining the Basics and Principles of the Aesthetic Philosophy of the Āshūrá Uprising and Its Implications for Aesthetic Education
        Seyed Hesam Hoseini Maryam al-Sadat  Tabatabaie Hosni Hatav  Saadi
        Looking at the scene of the Āshūrá uprising in its entirety, we will see the manifestation of beautiful manifestations of love, knowledge and chivalry among ugliness and cruelty. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of approach, quality and to coll More
        Looking at the scene of the Āshūrá uprising in its entirety, we will see the manifestation of beautiful manifestations of love, knowledge and chivalry among ugliness and cruelty. This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of approach, quality and to collect data and to achieve the purpose of the research, three methods of documentary analysis, grounded theory and practical inference were used. The statistical population and sources of research data collection included letters, opponents, articles, works and historical narratives related to the Āshūrá uprising. To collect information, appropriate samples from sources related to the research topic were purposefully selected and to record the data, a receipt form was used and the data obtained during the research were continuously analyzed and interpreted. For this purpose, first, all historical narrations about the Āshūrá event were examined by documentary analysis method, and words that contained aesthetic concepts (53 words) were extracted and recorded in fish-taking forms. Then, the objectives and basics were explained and classified using the data foundation method and thematic coding. In the next step, Frankenna's practical inference method was used to extract the principles and approaches using the obtained goals and principles as a prelude. The ultimate goal of the uprising of Imam Hussein (as) and the event of Āshūrá in the aesthetic dimension is to move in the direction of absolute beauty and godliness. And to achieve this goal, four bases, seven principles, new frontiers of beauty, new explanations of the concept of freedom and enlightenment and awakening of minds and seven educational approaches were inferred. Manuscript profile
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        204 - Identifying the aesthetic and artistic components in the primary school curriculum based on verses and traditions and presenting a structural model: a mixed study
        davoud barahoyie hasan shahrakipour افسانه صابر گركانی
        The purpose of this research is to identify the aesthetic and artistic components in the primary school curriculum based on verses and traditions and to present a structural model. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlation and mixed (q More
        The purpose of this research is to identify the aesthetic and artistic components in the primary school curriculum based on verses and traditions and to present a structural model. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlation and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of nature. The number of samples in the qualitative part is 17 experts and in the quantitative part, 250 people from all teachers and education activists in Sistan and Baluchistan province (with the entry criteria: a specialized doctorate in the field of curriculum planning) and authoring and researching in the field of art and aesthetics education, and having at least 10 years of experience in elementary school). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data in the quantitative stage. To analyze the qualitative data from Atlas TI software, and in the quantitative part of the research, in order to validate the model obtained in the qualitative step, structural equation tests with SmartPLS and SPSS software were used. Quantitative findings indicate that all the calculated variables, considering that the absolute value of the t statistic for all relationships between variables is greater than the critical value of 1.96 and all the factor loadings in the standard state are greater than 0.3, therefore all The variables and relationships were confirmed and the model has a good fit Manuscript profile
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        205 - Designing and validating the environment of aesthetic-based brain- based curricula
        Madineh Alikhani Maryam Baratali Jahanbakhsh Rahmani mahdi dehbash
        The purpose of this study was to design and validate the environment of brain-based curricula based on aesthetics. The present study has analyzed qualitative content analysis and deductive categorization system to analyze new and innovative international texts and resea More
        The purpose of this study was to design and validate the environment of brain-based curricula based on aesthetics. The present study has analyzed qualitative content analysis and deductive categorization system to analyze new and innovative international texts and researches in relation to brain-oriented curricula based on aesthetics. The field of research includes all printed and electronic sources that have been collected by sequential purposeful sampling method, theoretical sampling and through fish taking tools and have been analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. . The results lead to the presentation of the model of the environment of the brain-based curriculum based on aesthetics, has five elements out of 9 elements of the Klein curriculum, which are: The target element includes: attention to different ways and different aspects of perception in learning Strengthen the brain in all activities, develop an aesthetic cognitive development order, visualize in learning, develop critical thinking learning. The content element includes: brain flexibility, futurism mapping, creativity techniques, and the creation of deep inner sensory experiences based on a combination of brain and art. The element of teaching-learning strategies includes: practice and core activities, various methods, process-oriented teaching. The environment element includes: happy environment, active learning environment, aesthetic environment, attractive environment, environment for deep learning and pleasant environment. The evaluation element includes: paying attention to individual differences, using continuous and practical techniques, flexible evaluation, creative evaluation compatible with the brain. Manuscript profile
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        206 - Recognizing the objective-physical components affecting the design of residential facades and walls from the perspective of the aesthetic preferences of the observers (area under study: District Two of Tehran)
        Neda Golzari Dehno Azadeh Shahcheraghi Farah Habib
        One of the most important physical components of the city, which strengthens the relationship between citizens and the place, is the composition of the facade of the buildings, in other words, the urban facade.In urban design and development, the physical-aesthetic dime More
        One of the most important physical components of the city, which strengthens the relationship between citizens and the place, is the composition of the facade of the buildings, in other words, the urban facade.In urban design and development, the physical-aesthetic dimension is considered to be the most important quality in the urban space, the purpose of which is to create a pleasant feeling in the urban environment. Meanwhile, the walls of the streets are one of the most important dimensions of effective design on the aesthetics of the urban landscape due to their direct influence on the visual perception of the citizens. The current research tries to provide effective solutions to improve the aesthetic objective in the aspect of facades and residential walls by prioritizing the preferences of the observers.The research method is descriptive and analytical in terms of type and practical in terms of purpose. Information was collected through field visits, document studies and questionnaires. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data from two viewpoints of observers and experts, and then the components obtained in the selected images of the region were analyzed based on the preferences of the users.The findings indicate that the components of color and texture of materials, sky line and volumetric porosity, from both points of view, are in the priority of evaluating residential wall beauty preferences. This article tries to provide suggestions to improve the conditions of urban walls by considering the physical indicators prioritized by supervisors and experts. Manuscript profile
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        207 - Requirements of the Role of Dialogue in Strengthening the Family Foundation by Looking at Razavi's Lifestyle (A Qualitative Study)
        محمد شریفانی nasrin alavinia tayebeh zareie
        One of the most important factors in strengthening the foundation of the family is the dialogue between its members, the realization of which requires the availability of several requirements and the use of religious teachings such as Razavi's way of life. Therefore, th More
        One of the most important factors in strengthening the foundation of the family is the dialogue between its members, the realization of which requires the availability of several requirements and the use of religious teachings such as Razavi's way of life. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the requirements of the role of dialogue in strengthening the family foundation according to Razavi's lifestyle. The method of qualitative research is based on phenomenological approach and thematic analysis, which were selected from family counselors and university professors through judgmental, theoretical and purposeful sampling with snowball pattern. The study sample was selected according to the theoretical data saturation of 12 people and the information was collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done with Claizi's (1978) model. After collecting the data, the key concepts and sentences of the interviews were extracted and the main themes were discovered. According to Razavi's biography, these themes include the 4 main themes of preliminaries and conditions, technical and procedural, dimensions of dialogue and consequences. Manuscript profile
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        208 - Evaluation of salinity toleranceindices in some bread wheat genotypes at seedling stage
        Sepideh Biriyay Manouchehr Khodarahmi Davood Habibi
        To evaluate of salinity tolerance indices in 17 commercial cultivars and 34 lines ofbread wheat against salinity of sodium NaCl, an experiment was conducted in growing season of 2012 in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block with two replications and in More
        To evaluate of salinity tolerance indices in 17 commercial cultivars and 34 lines ofbread wheat against salinity of sodium NaCl, an experiment was conducted in growing season of 2012 in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block with two replications and in salt concentration of 0, 8 and 16 ds m in the greenhouse. In this study, total plant dry weight was measured. To assess the salt tolerance of genotypes stress susceptibility (SSI), tolerance (TOL), stress tolerance (STI), geometric mean productivity(GMP) and the mean productivity (MP) indices were used. In this study, regarding to the indices of MP, GMP and STI, Farahan 4452, Saruq 4468, Trfan4678, Parsi, Rezaieh 2745 and Nishapur genotypes identified to have the highest yield in both control and salt stress conditions. Therefore, they can be used in salineandnon-salineoruncertain areas, also because they had highbiologicalyield. On the other hand, it was observed that Roshan, MV-17, 22762, Zarea, 22919, Azerbaijan 2664 and Mahabad 1856genotypeshad the lowest rate of TOL and SSI indicesandthey can be grown in saline areasbecauseof having highbiological yieldin stress condition. Manuscript profile
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        209 - Influence of KCl and urea spraying on quality and quantity of wheat cv. Sardari under rainfed conditions
        Mehrdad Abdi
        In 2012 a factorial experiment was conducted in Khodabandeh Dryland Research Station to study the effects of foliar spraying of urea, potassium chloride and urea + potassium chloride on grain yield, grain protein and leaf relative water content of Sardari wheat under ra More
        In 2012 a factorial experiment was conducted in Khodabandeh Dryland Research Station to study the effects of foliar spraying of urea, potassium chloride and urea + potassium chloride on grain yield, grain protein and leaf relative water content of Sardari wheat under rainfed condition. Also, to determine the most effective application time of nutrients used at various growth stages including double ridge, milky and double stage + milky stage, factorial experiment had 15 treatments and arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The amounts of urea and potassium chloride used as foliar spraying were equivalent to 20 kg/ha. The urea and potassium chloride were sprayed with concentrations of 5 and 1%, respectively. Growth preserved leaf moisture and resulted in highest leaf relative water content. Spraying potassium chloride + urea in double ridge and milky stages resulted in highest grain yield, biological yield, thousand kernel weight, number of kernel per head and grain protein content. These parameters showed 40, 9.3, 49 and 7.9% increasing comparing to the check, respectively. The overall results showed that spraying potassium chloride before anthesis stage increased grain yield and number of grain per head, while spraying after anthasis stage increased significantly protein content and thousand kernel weight.   Manuscript profile
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        210 - Evaluation and comparision of two surface tillage and conventional tillage methods on grain yeild and yeild components of wheat
        Masoud Zabolestani Ali Reshad Sedghi Ali Salak Zamani
        Every year the degradation of agricultural soils are increasing due to improper tillage operations. The main objective of this study was evaluation and comparison of shallow and conventional tillage methods and their effects on wheat yield and its components. The study More
        Every year the degradation of agricultural soils are increasing due to improper tillage operations. The main objective of this study was evaluation and comparison of shallow and conventional tillage methods and their effects on wheat yield and its components. The study was conducted in three consecutive years with two treatments and four replications in Khosroshahr, Iran. Treatments was 1. conventional tillage method comprised of: moldboard plowing at the depth of  20-25 cm, disk harrowing at the depth of 12 –15 cm, leveling, following by chemical fertilizer and planting with grain drill, and 2. Shallow tillage method was included: disk harrowing in the depth of 6-8 cm after removing residue, disk harrowing in the depth of 12 –15 cm in fall, spike tooth harrowing, following by chemical fertilizer and planting with grain drill. The combined analysis of data indicated that there was no significant difference between conventional and surface tillage methods in grain yield, number of heads in unit area, number of grain in the head, 1000 kernel weight, weight of straw and harvesting index. The average wheat yield by conventional tillage was 79 kg more than that of by shallow tillage. This difference might be due to higher plowing depth and better residual burying with mold board plow. The grain yield in surface tillage was 97.5% of the yield in conventional tillage. Conventional tillage consumes more energy compared to shallow tillage, takes more time, causes more depreciation of the implements and therefore increases costs. Considering short available time for cultivation, and also no significant differences in the yield by the two tillage methods, the shallow tillage can be recommended in irrigated wheat farms. Manuscript profile
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        211 - Effects of nano particle foliar application of iron nano on some morphophysiological traits of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), at Shahr- e Qods rejion
        mitra bakhtiyary payam moaveni behzad sani
          This experiment was done to evaluate the effect of nano iron oxide on some morphophysiological traits  of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at  Shahr-e Qods region  in years of 2013 and 2014. Experimental design, was factorial in a randomized complete b More
          This experiment was done to evaluate the effect of nano iron oxide on some morphophysiological traits  of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at  Shahr-e Qods region  in years of 2013 and 2014. Experimental design, was factorial in a randomized complete block with four replications. Treatments included, treatment of date of nano iron sparaying in milky  and pasty stage and another treatment was, concentrations of nano iron 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 percent. Traits that measured was 1000 grain weight,grain yield,gluten and amount of grain starch. The final results showed that, the effect of date of nano iron sparaying, was significant only on the gluten, starch, 1000 grain weight, grain yield while, of nano iron concentrations treatment, was significant on gluten, starch, 1000 grain weight, grain yield. Interaction effect of date of sparaying and concentrations of nano iron oxide, was not significant on all characteristics. Final results  showed that at effect of stages , maximum amount of grain yield,1000 grain wight,starch and gluten was obtained in milky stage.also results  from spraying with concentrations of nano iron oxide showed that maximum amount sof 1000 grain weight ,grain yield and gluten of grain obtained in 0/04 percent .while most amount of starch obtained in 0 concentraion. Manuscript profile

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