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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of Plants Biological form and flora watershed ivar
حمید علی پور آرش ملکیان میرمسعود خیرخواه زرکش سعید قره چلوFloristic composition of the vegetation in the study of management and conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance. Maintenance, management, protection and rational utilization of rangeland ecosystems requires an understanding of all aspects of them. Also u MoreFloristic composition of the vegetation in the study of management and conservation of biodiversity is of particular importance. Maintenance, management, protection and rational utilization of rangeland ecosystems requires an understanding of all aspects of them. Also use of native plant species and the amount of people asking Khvshkhvarky animal species found in this region. Results indicate the general area was identified 109 plant species belonging to 24 plant dark. The largest plant families in terms of number of species, including 21 species Astracea, Poaceae with 15 species, Lamiaceae with 10 species, Caryophyllaceae and Brassicaceae, 6 species are. erms of Account Value Account Value forage species in the region, 23 are devoted to the most users. Based on the stability or longevity of 33 species of annual, biennial and 4 of 72 perennial species were identified in the region. 71 species form herbaceous broadleaf maximum vegetative growth form field into account. Rangeland class III palatability Terms of 95 species and 14 species with low values of the Range Class II values were averaged. The last point is that the results were due to high pressure on non-palatable pasture species in the region have therefore, management efforts should be made to prevent this process from being exposed to a variety of plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - بررسی فلور، شکل زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان منطقه جنوب غربی کوه دیوری (کلیبر) در استان آذربایجان شرقی
مختار حسن‌زاده کلالق فرهاد فرح‏وش فاطمه خوشبخت -
Open Access Article
3 - بررسی فلور، شکل زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان در دو عرصه تحت چرا و قرق در منطقه شفت، گیلان
ناصر نوروزی‌هارونی ضیاء الدین باده یان -
Open Access Article
4 - شکل زیستی، کروتیپ و تنوع گونه‌ای در رویشگاه گونه جاشیر (.Prangos uloptera> DC>) در میانرودان- خلخال
امیر میرزایی موسی وند اردوان قربانی محمدعلی زارع جاهوکی فرشاد کیوان بهجو کیومرث سفیدی -
Open Access Article
5 - Isolation and identification of normal conjunctival fungal flora in the Persian Arab horse
عبداله عراقی سوره مجید ابراهیمی حامد دیاکو محمدپور محمدحسین صادقی زالیThis study was conducted to identify the fungi isolated from conjunctival sac of clinicallynormal Persian Arab horse living in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran and to determine the effect of sexand age variations on the frequency of isolates. Forty-three horses (21 females and MoreThis study was conducted to identify the fungi isolated from conjunctival sac of clinicallynormal Persian Arab horse living in Tabriz, Northwestern Iran and to determine the effect of sexand age variations on the frequency of isolates. Forty-three horses (21 females and 22 males),aged 1-15 years, without clinical evidence of external ocular inflammation were selected anddivided into three age groups. Samples were taken from both conjunctival sacs of horses andseeded on the sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25 °C for10 days. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests using SAS 9.1. Thirtyeighthorses out of 43(88.37 %) were positive for fungi, 22/43 (51.16 %) had positive culturefrom both eyes. The isolated fungal species were Candida spp (23.15 %), Penicillium spp (16.84%), Aspergillus sp (15.78 %), Mucor spp (13.48 %), Alternaria spp (8.42 %), Pseudallescheriaspp (6.31%), Chladosporium spp (5.26%), Rhodotorula spp (4.21 %), Curvularia spp (3.15 %),Fusarium spp (2.10 %) and Trichoderma sp (1.05 %). There was significant effect of horse sexand age on frequency of fungal isolation. The fungal species isolated are comparable withstudies performed in other countries, although the frequency of Candida isolation was so higherwhich may reflect a geographic difference Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Designing Competitive Nanobiosensor for Ochratoxin based on FRET using quantum dot
Mozaffari, M., Bayat, M., Mohsenifar, A., Hashemi, S.J. .In this research, using FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) from Cd/Te quantum dot (anti Ochratoxin A antibody immobilized on the external surface of quantum dot or QDs) to (Ochratoxin A labeled with Rhodamine 123 bound to albumin), a sensitive competitive imm MoreIn this research, using FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) from Cd/Te quantum dot (anti Ochratoxin A antibody immobilized on the external surface of quantum dot or QDs) to (Ochratoxin A labeled with Rhodamine 123 bound to albumin), a sensitive competitive immunoassay was developed for measuring Ochratoxin A. The highly specific immune-reaction between anti-Ochratoxin A antibody on the QDs and labeled Ochratoxin A brings the Rho fluorophore and the QDs in close spatial proximity, and following photo-excitation of the QDs, causes FRET to occur between the Rho fluorophore (acting as the acceptor) and the QDs (acting as the donor). In the absence of free Ochratoxin A, the immune reaction between labeled Ochratoxin and the anti-Ochratoxin antibody on the QDs induces emission and causes FRET to occur. In the presence of free Ochratoxin A, it competes with the labeled Ochratoxin A-albumin complex for binding to the antibody-QDs conjugate in the Nanobiosensor, leading to reduction in Rhodamine emission after FRET. The reduction in the fluorescence intensity of the Rhodamine acceptor directly correlates with the concentration of free Ochratoxin A in the sample. This method has a detection limit of 220pg per ml. It has also been used to measure Ochratoxin A in human serum samples. A linear relationship is found between the increase in the fluorescence intensity of Rho 123 at580 nm and the concentration of OTA in spiked samples over the 100-800 pg⋅mL−1 concentration range. This highly sensitive homogeneous competitive detection scheme is simple, rapid and efficient. It does not require multiple separation steps and excessive washing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Estimation of genetic coefficients and evaluation of OILCROP-SUN model under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer
Mina Kiani Mahdi Gheysari Behrouz Mostafazadeh-FardCrop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suit MoreCrop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid of sunflower in order to gain a suitable base to conserve soil and water resources. This study was conducted as a strip-plot statistical design with randomized complete blocks design with three replications for each treatment. Total biomass, seed weight, seed yield, percentage of seed oil, and seed nitrogen were measured. Using collected field data, OILCROP-SUN model was calibrated and evaluated for different levels of water and nitrogen applications. Six genetic coefficients were then derived from calibration of OILCROP-SUN model for Euroflor hybrid. The results indicated that seed yields were simulated reasonably well for 12 treatments with NRMSE value of 18.5%, and the d-index of 0.92. The d value of different treatments of water and nitrogen for seed nitrogen was 0.93, and for oil production per hectare was 0.91. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Epifluorescence Light Microscopy as a New Method for Evaluation of Fermentation Activity of Bakery’s Yeast
A. Azizi A. Homayouni Rad H. Homayouni Rad S. Hoshmandi Z. KasaeiIntroduction: Technological performance of Bakery’s yeast is closely related to its viability. In order to predict the performance of baker's yeast, observations concerned with accurate and fast detection of viable and nonviable yeast in the fermentation environme MoreIntroduction: Technological performance of Bakery’s yeast is closely related to its viability. In order to predict the performance of baker's yeast, observations concerned with accurate and fast detection of viable and nonviable yeast in the fermentation environment is essential. Materials and Methods: In this study, three samples of instant dry yeast were investigated by epifluorescence light microscopy (EFLM) using 0.02 % FDA and 0.1% Evans blue. Gasograph apparatus was employed to measure CO2 produced by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentation. Microbial tests were carried out in order to count the number of yeasts colonies formed. Bread volume and height were assessed after baking process. Results: Baker’s yeast (A) had the highest number of green cells (177.8±7.36) and baker’s yeast (C) had the lowest number of green cells (102.2±8.97). The number of yeast colonies formed in baker’s yeast (A) was the highest (15×1010 cfu/mg) while the bakery’s yeast (C) was the least (12×1010 cfu/mg). Gasograph test showed that baker’s yeast (A) produced the highest amount of CO2 (163.3± 1.9 ml CO2/3h) and bakery’s yeast (C) produced the lowest amount during fermentation process (139.67±1.6 ml CO2/3h). Bread (A) produced the highest volume (132.22±1.0 cm3) and height (4.72±0.35 cm) while bread (C) had the lowest volume (108.33±6.21 cm3) and height (3.81± 0.3 cm). Conclusion: The tests concerned indicated that high survivability and bioactivity of bakery’s yeast leads to more production of CO2 and higher volume and height of bread. The results showed a direct correlation between the percentage of live yeasts and ability of CO2 production. Utilization of EFLM can help to predict the bakery yeast bioactivity without the need for baking tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Measurement of Fluoride ions concentration in a variety of black tea brands and their brews
alireza mohammadi hassan parvizi mosaedBackground and Objective: Fluoride is one of the most well-known and useful substances to inhibit tooth decay and bone caries, but high doses of it can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. Since tea and water contains fluoride, the present study was performed to measure MoreBackground and Objective: Fluoride is one of the most well-known and useful substances to inhibit tooth decay and bone caries, but high doses of it can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. Since tea and water contains fluoride, the present study was performed to measure fluoride concentration in drinking water and tea in Tehran in 2014 year. Method: In this descriptive-analysis study, 25 types of Iranian and foreign brands of tea available in Tehran's market and 30 samples of drinking water from Tehran city were studied in 4 replications. The amount of fluoride in the tea and brewed tea samples within 3, 5 and 10 m and water samples after digestion were measured by fluoride ion selective electrode. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed by SPSS Ver. 18 software. Findings: The results indicated that the amounts of fluoride in different brands of tea, tea solution and water were 22.2-303.8 mg/kg, 0.2–2.37 mg/L and 0.95-0.012 mg/L, respectively. Also, the results showed that the amount of released fluoride in tea increases with the increase of brewing time. Therefore, after 3, 5 and 10 m, the average percentages of fluoride released in the tea solution were 31.88%, 53.34% and 78.08% respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, it was found that daily consumption of five cups of the studied tea by children and adults may not lead to health problem. However, other sources of fluoride ions such as drinking water, etc should be taken into consideration to prevent the occurrence of skeletal and dental diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Select the Best Deterministic and Geostatistical Interpolation Model to Investigate the Spatial Variability of Fluoride in Yazd Aquifer Using GIS
S.Ali Almodaresi Alireza Moghaddam Roya Peirovi Raza ali Fallahzadeh Hadi Eslami Mahmood Taghavi Rasoul KhosraviBackground & aim: To use of beneficial effects (prevention of dental caries) and prevent all adverse effects such as dental and skeletal fluorosis, pregnancy outcomes, and blood pressure, the World Health Organization states concentration of fluoride in drinking wat MoreBackground & aim: To use of beneficial effects (prevention of dental caries) and prevent all adverse effects such as dental and skeletal fluorosis, pregnancy outcomes, and blood pressure, the World Health Organization states concentration of fluoride in drinking water as a guideline 1.8-2 mg/L. The aim of this study was to determine the best deterministic and geostatistical interpolation model to investigate the spatial variability of fluoride in Yazd aquifer using a Geographic Information System. Method: In this cross sectional study, samples were collected from 24 wells, fluoride concentration was determined. To interpolate fluoride, deterministic and geostatistical methods was used in GIS software. Based on cross-validation criteria, best model interpolation was determined and zoning map prepared. Results: The mean fluoride concentration in the samples was equal to 0.2 ± 0.6 mg/L. The minimum and maximum fluoride concentrations respectively were 0.3 and 1.5 mg/L. by considering cross-validation criteria local polynomial Interpolation method (LPI) was selected as best model for fluoride mapping. Conclusion: According to the results, In order to prevent the occurrence of side effects caused by a deficiency or excess fluoride on consumers’ health, it is necessary to conduct needful measures by responsible agencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Pollutants of Painting Process in Automotive Industry "Case study: Paint Shop of Saipa Automotive Industry"
Seid Mostafa Khezri Azadeh Akhavan Bloorchian Seid Masoud Monavari Farideh AttabiProduced paint sludge of automotive Industry has heavy metals and because of this, has high pollutionpotential. Incorrect Disposal of paint sludge led to kinds of environmental pollution. The object of thisInvestigation was identification of main pollutants of paint slu MoreProduced paint sludge of automotive Industry has heavy metals and because of this, has high pollutionpotential. Incorrect Disposal of paint sludge led to kinds of environmental pollution. The object of thisInvestigation was identification of main pollutants of paint sludge that can be database to presentingprofitable economic solution for recycling of that. For identifying elements and concentration of paintsludge, various tests have been carried out. These tests contains: XRF3, XRD4 and DTA5.Results proved existing heavy metal elements like copper (1.5 gr/lit), zinc (13.09 gr/lit), Aluminum(58.76 gr/lit), Magnesium (23.004 gr/lit), Titanium (32.68 gr/lit), Vanadium (0.9 gr/lit) and etc.Comparing with environmental Standards showed that most kind of these elements are out of standardranges and are noticeable pollutant elements. These results show the necessity of gaining solution forrecycling of paint sludge. Then, more research about this case for deleting or decreasing pollutions issuggested Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study on Flora, Vegetation Structure and Chorology of Plants in Some Parts of Protected Area of Oshtorankooh, Lorestan Province
Sara Abasi maryam behdarvand Habib Zare Babak Pilehvar Seyed Mohsen HosseiniPlantation area of Zagros in west Iran is amongst the richest and most valuable interconnectedecosystems in Iran which contains enormous genetic and plant resources and it is of the significantimportance in terms of diversity and combination of floristic. The Protection MorePlantation area of Zagros in west Iran is amongst the richest and most valuable interconnectedecosystems in Iran which contains enormous genetic and plant resources and it is of the significantimportance in terms of diversity and combination of floristic. The Protection area of Oshtorankooh inLorestan province is considered as one of the distinguished ecosystems of this area. For this reason,this study addresses the introduction of Floristic, and Chorology investigation and examination ofVegetation Structure of the plants in a certain part of central Zagros mountain slopes located atOshtorankooh, Lorestan. The results of this study include identification of 62 species related to 24families within area of just 50 hectares, located at 1600-1800 Meters altitude in Proteced area ofOshtorankooh. Asteraceae, Papilionaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae and Apiaceae andthey are the most important available families of this region and comprise70%of overall species.Hemicryptophytes (32%) and Therophytes (31%) are the dominant biological forms. Chorologicinvestigation of the species and extraction of Chorotypes showed that Irano-Turanian (39%), Irano-Turanian–Mediterranean (22%) and Irano-Turanian–Mediterranean–Siberian European (17%)growing elements are the most important available chorological groups of this area and other plantcombination is related to Caro-types which are found in two or several regions and stand in the lowerorders of importance. In addition, endemically, 10 species, namely 16% of them are special andendemic within territory of Iran which comprises 0.6 % of overall endemic species of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Quality Variation of Groundwater in Malayer City with an Emphasis on the Impacts of Agricultural Land Use on the Quality of Water
Mohamad SakizadehThe aim of this study was to investigate the quality of groundwater in a semi-arid environment area in Malayer,Hamedan Province, with respect to a four-year monitoring data using water quality index(WQI) with an emphasis on the agricultural land use 's impacts on MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the quality of groundwater in a semi-arid environment area in Malayer,Hamedan Province, with respect to a four-year monitoring data using water quality index(WQI) with an emphasis on the agricultural land use 's impacts on the water quality. The monitoring data related to 14 water quality parameters associated with 26 sampling wells in 2012-2013 and 19 sampling wells in 2010-2011 were provided. The amount of chlorine residue in 50%percent's of the stations was zero. In addition, the fluoride in 14 stations was less than 0.5 mg/l and for 80.7 percent's of the stations the nitrate values were higher than 13 mg/l. Although, there was a significant difference between the level of some parameters between these two time periods, however, this difference was not that much noticeable.76.9 percent's of the stations were slightly to moderately polluted based on the results of water quality index. As a whole, the amount of nitrate in 21 wells (80.7 percent) was higher than the human induced standard level (13 mg/l) and in two wells were higher than the WHO permissible level (40 mg/l).The regional change of nitrate was increasing from North West to the south east part of the area. Although the overall quality of groundwater has not deteriorated according to WQI but there is a health risk of water for local people especially that is associated with the results of nitrate in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - تعیین فلور باکتریایی خارجی ماهیان بازاری (300 تا 500 گرم) مزارع پرورشی قزل آلای رنگین کمان در شهرستان آمل
محمدجواد شکوهیان بابک شعیبی عمرانی سهیل علی نژاد -
Open Access Article
15 - بررسی مقاومت داروئی جدایه‌های اشریشیا کلای از ضایعات تیپیک کلی باسیلوز طیور و جستجوی ژن‌های مقاومت به فلورفنیکل (floR, fexA, cfr) و کلیستین (mcr-1) در بین جدایه‌ها
پگاه والی تبار سید مصطفی پیغمبری جمشید رزم یار عباس برین اعظم یزدانی فتانه نادری نژاد -
Open Access Article
16 - اثر دانه‌ی گیاه خار مریم بر سیستم ایمنی همورال و شمار باکتریهای مفید و مضر دستگاه گوارش جوجه های گوشتی
میثم جعفری رضا نقی ها سیامک پارسایی مهرداد معمار -
Open Access Article
17 - بررسی فلورقارچی مخمری گوش خارجی گوساله‌های شیرخوار درمنطقه گرمسار
مهدی منصوری بهزاد احمدوند افشین رئوفی صمد لطف اله زاده مسعود رضا آئینه چیان -
Open Access Article
18 - اثرات جایگزینی کنجاله سویا با سطوح مختلف کنجاله آفتابگردان مکمل شده با آنزیم پروتئاز بر فلور میکربی روده و ویژگیهای دستگاه گوارش مرغ های تخم‌گذار
سارا میرزائی گودرزی فاطمه برجی زاده علی اصغر ساکی داریوش علیپور -
Open Access Article
19 - جداسازی و شناسایی فلور قارچی خارجی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان در استان البرز
سهیل علی نژاد امیر اقبال خواجه رحیمی -
Open Access Article
20 - بررسی جدایه های قارچی جدا شده از کیسه ملتحمه چشم سالم در اسب ترکمن( تیره یموت)
امیر بهداد عبداله عراقی سوره -
Open Access Article
21 - اثر افزودن نانوذرات اکسید مس و الیگوساکارید مانان به جیره ی جوجه های گوشتی بر فلور میکربی روده و وزن اندام های درونی بدن
شهین ثابت سروستانی محمد رضا رضوانی محمد جواد ضمیری شهرام شکر فروش هادی آتشی نجمه مصلح -
Open Access Article
22 - شناسایی سریع گونههای سودوموناس در ماهی فیتوفاگ (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) پرورشی در استان گیلان
متین وظیفه دوست سمیه حقیقی کارسیدانی خسرو عیسی زاده محدث قاسمی محمد فائزی قاسمی -
Open Access Article
23 - تحلیلی بر منابع ژئواکونومیک با محوریت کانی استراتژیک فلوراسپار
سید مسعود مسعودی عزت الله عزتی نعمت ا... رشیدنژاد عمران -
Open Access Article
24 - مطالعه فلوریستیکی و کورولوژیکی گیاهان منطقه ضلع شرق و جنوب شرقی قله شاهدژ، ساری، مازندران
فاطمه دهبندی بالادهی ناصر جعفری علیرضا نقی نژاد -
Open Access Article
25 - مطالعه فلورستیکی گلسنگ های منطقه پشمین استان ایلام
یاسر عارف زاده طاهره ولدبیگی -
Open Access Article
26 - بررسی دیاتومه‌های اپی لیت و تعیین ارتباط آنها با خواص فیزیکو- شیمیایی آب، در رودخانه سیاهرود، ایران
امین علی نقی زاده ناهید مسعودیان بستان رودی -
Open Access Article
27 - بررسی فلورستیک منطقه دامنه‌های حرمه شهرستان فاریاب(استان کرمان)
سید محمد علی وکیلی شهر بابکی منصوره خدا شناس محمد رشیدی -
Open Access Article
28 - The effect of foliar feeding of iron, zinc and manganese nanochelates on chlorophyll fluorescence, iron, zinc and manganese concentration in seeds and soybean yield
Mohammad Saeed VagharObjective: Dehydration stress disrupts the balance of absorption and transfer of micronutrients from roots to aerial organs and is a serious threat to agricultural products. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of iron, zinc and manganese nano chelate MoreObjective: Dehydration stress disrupts the balance of absorption and transfer of micronutrients from roots to aerial organs and is a serious threat to agricultural products. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of iron, zinc and manganese nano chelate spraying on chlorophyll index, chlorophyll fluorescence, concentration of iron, zinc and manganese elements in seeds and their relationship with soybean yield.Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out in the form of a split plot, in the form of a completely randomized block design with three repetitions in two consecutive years. The main factor of the irrigation regime in the main plot includes stopping irrigation at the stage of flowering, podding, seed filling and full irrigation and the secondary factor of spraying with distilled water (control), iron, zinc, manganese, iron + zinc, iron + manganese, zinc + manganese. And iron + zinc + manganese were in sub-plots.Findings: Drought stress significantly reduced grain yield, which was the largest reduction in podding stage (31.4% reduction compared to the control). The lowest and highest amount of chlorophyll fluorescence was obtained due to stress in the stage of podding and full irrigation. Iron and iron + zinc treatments had the highest chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll index, respectively. The control treatment had the highest and the stress treatment had the lowest concentration of iron, zinc and manganese in the seed during the podding stage.Conclusion: Fertilization of iron, zinc and manganese nanochelates in water deficit conditions is a practical method to reduce chlorophyll fluorescence, increase the content of micronutrients in seeds and seed yield. The combined treatment of iron + zinc was the best treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Floristic and chorological survey of plants in Miandar region in Gilangharb city
Elahyar Kamari Maryam Mohammadi Ayoub Razmjo Ahmad KhazaeiiPurpose: The purpose of the current research is to investigate the floristics and chorology of plants in Miandar region in Gilangreb city.Materials and Methods: After preparing a map (scale: 1:25000) and viewing photos and determining the geographical area of the regi MorePurpose: The purpose of the current research is to investigate the floristics and chorology of plants in Miandar region in Gilangreb city.Materials and Methods: After preparing a map (scale: 1:25000) and viewing photos and determining the geographical area of the region, plants were collected in late winter and all months of spring and summer seasons of 2013. The collected samples were pressed dry and pasted on herbarium cardboards according to the conventional method.Findings: The collection of plants in Miandar region is more than 229 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 148 genera. Asteraceae families (33 species, 14.41 percent), papilionaceae (22 species, 9.6 percent), poaceae (19 species, 8.3 percent), Apiaceae (16 species, 6.99 percent), Lamiaceae (15 species, 55 (6.6%) and Liliaceae (12 species, 5.24%) are the most important plant families in the region, which include 51.09% of all species. Astraglus (10 species), Silene (5 species), Euphorbia (5 species) are among the largest plant genera in the studied area. In terms of biological form, 40.6% of species are hemicryptophytes, 35.38% are trophites, 11.36% are cryptophytes, 8.3% are phanerophytes, 3.94% are camphytes and 0.44% are geophytes.Conclusion: The study of the geographical distribution of the Miandar region flora showed that the most geographical distribution is in the Iranian-Turanian region with 122 species (53.27%) and the Iranian-Turanian/Mediterranean region with 34 species (14.85%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The effect of mechanical and chemical weed control on the yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) seedlings cultivated fall in Hormozgan province.
بهروز بابایی نژاد جعفر آلبوغبیش علیرضا دادخواهIn order to evaluate the effect of mechanical and chemical weed control on the yield of onion seedlings cultivated fall in Hormozgan province. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight treatments and three replications in research farm of Agricu MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of mechanical and chemical weed control on the yield of onion seedlings cultivated fall in Hormozgan province. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with eight treatments and three replications in research farm of Agriculture Shamil district of Bandar Abbas city functions the growing season was 2015-2016. The treatments were: Control (no control), Oxyfluorfen (Goal) (EC%24) at 2 Lit.ha-1, Sethoxydim (Nabu-s) (EC%12.5) at 3 Lit.ha-1, Haloxyfop-R methyl ester (Gallant Super) (EC%10.8) at 0.75 Lit.ha-1, Oxadiazon (Ronstar) (EC%48) at 3 Lit.ha-1, Chlorthal dimethyl (dacthal) (WP%75) at 8 Kg.ha-1, Ioxynil (Totril) (EC%22.5) at 2 Lit.ha-1 and weeding (control weeds growing in all periods). The results showed that the density, dry weight of weeds and yield of onion was affected by treatments. Mechanical methods (weeding) in between treatments the highest effect on the density, dry weight of weeds and yield of onion was. So that the yield of onion increased at a rate of 5.50 tons.ha-1. Among the herbicides, herbicide oxyfluorfen (2 to 4 leaf stage of weeds) after mechanical method have the greatest impact on the density, dry weight of weeds and yield of onion accounted. As weed density and dry weight, by 65.2, 63.1% respectively, and yield of onion as much as by 509% increased performance. In total, herbicide efficacy in controlling weeds oxyflorfen and Ioxynil, C. album L., A. retroflexus, P. oleracea, M. sylvestris L. and C. rotundus L. was good. Chlorthal dimethyl on A. retroflexus and C. rotundus L., Oxadiazon on M. sylvestris L., A. retroflexus, and C. rotundus L. weed control and herbicide Haloxyfop-R methyl ester, P. oleracea and C. album L. and C. rotundus L. was good. Primarily mechanical methods (weeding) with good control of weeds and the highest yield of onion best treatment was experimental and oxyflorfen in the second herbicide and another herbicide Oxadiazon and Ioxynil is recommended in the Hormozgan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation the Effects of Some Pre-plant Herbicide and Plastic Mulch on Weed Flora of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Alireza Ranjbaran Mehdi RastgooTo evaluate the effect of plastic mulch and some pre-plant herbicides on weed control and yield of transplanted tomato, an experiment was conducted in factorial arrangement as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Fariman in 2015. The expe MoreTo evaluate the effect of plastic mulch and some pre-plant herbicides on weed control and yield of transplanted tomato, an experiment was conducted in factorial arrangement as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Fariman in 2015. The experimental factors including herbicide application at seven levels including no herbicide application and application of 3 and 1.5 L.ha-1 of Trifluralin, pendimethalin (stomp) and microcapsule formulation of pendimethalin (prowl) as first factor and second factor was mulch application at two levels including transparant and black plastic mulch. In addition a full season hand weeding as control treatment considered in each replication. Results indicated that using both of mulches (black and transparant) and pre-plant herbicides was controlled weeds compeletly and increased 60 percent of tomato biomass and 67.5 percent of fruit yield. Black mulch was more effective in weed control and increases tomato yield more than transparant mulch and in three date of sampling, black mulch was controled weeds compeletly. Using 3 lit ha-1 of herbicides showed the more weed control and tomato yield than 1.5 lit.ha-1 of herbicides, like using 3 lit.ha-1 of Trifluralin reduced 25 percent of weed biomass and increased 25 percent of of fruit yield. Using black plastic mulch with pre-plant herbicides showed that the highest weed control (100%) and highest tomato biomass (118 ton.ha-1) and highest tomato fruit (150 ton.ha-1) was obtained in black mulch with 3 lit.ha-1 of prowl herbicide. According to our results, we can use black plastic mulch with pre-plant herbicides for good control of weeds and earn the high transplanted tomato yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluation of Imazetapyr herbicide efficiency for weed control in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Delavar Behrouzi Foroud SalehiThe effect of pre-planting application, pre-emergence and post-emergence of Imazethapyr herbicide in different rates was studied in comparison with Trifluralin, Ethalfluralin and Bentazon. Experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design in 19 treatments an MoreThe effect of pre-planting application, pre-emergence and post-emergence of Imazethapyr herbicide in different rates was studied in comparison with Trifluralin, Ethalfluralin and Bentazon. Experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design in 19 treatments and 4 replications, at Chahartakhteh staton, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province during 2016-2017. The lowest level of weeds density was observed at 15 days (2 plants/m2) and 30 days (1 plant/m2) after application of herbicides in pre-planting treatment of Imazethapyr (0.7 l/ha). Moreover, the highest level of weeds biomass reduction was observed at 15 and 30 days after herbicides application in pre-planting treatments of Imazethapyr at 0.7 and 1 l/h. The percentage of biomass reduction of weeds population was calculated more than 95% for mentioned treatments. Therefore, the pre-planting application of Imazethapyr (at the rate of 0.7 l/ha) is recommended for weeds management of bean fields, because of the lower active ingredient of Imazethapyr compare to the other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of (E)-N'-(n-Fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene) Nicotinohydrazide: A DFT study
Zainab Moosavi-TekyehThe nature of intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB) in (E)-N'-(n-Fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene) nicotinohydrazide (nF) compounds have been investigated at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Then the parameters related t MoreThe nature of intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IHB) in (E)-N'-(n-Fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene) nicotinohydrazide (nF) compounds have been investigated at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Then the parameters related to hydrogen bonding for O-H···N fragment in nF compounds compared with the corresponding parameters in (2-hydroxybenzylidene) nicotinohydrazide (2HBNH). The results of OH- vibrational frequencies, chemical shift and some geometrical parameters support a stronger intramolecular hydrogen bond for 4F compound (which F atom is in the para position with respect to the imine group) than 2HBNH. The geometrical and vibrational results were explained by considering the calculated electron density properties in AIM analysis and the natural charge of atoms and second order interaction energy of orbitals in NBO method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Investigation on the Firing Behavior and Chemical Properties of Nano-Fluoroapatite-Fluorocanasite Glass-Ceramic Dental Glaze
B. Behdarvand Dehkoordi B. Eftekhari-Yekta A. Nemati -
Open Access Article
35 - The Effect of Hydroxyapatite and Fluorohydroxyapatite on Human Osteoblast and Mesenchymal Cells
L. Montazeri M.A. Shokrgozar J. Javadpour S. Bonakdar M. Rabbani -
Open Access Article
36 - Synthesis of Graphene Oxide-Chitosan Nanoparticles for Evaluation of 5-Fluorouracil Controlled Release System in Glycerol Monooleate Matrices
R. Ahmadi Alehashem S. Shahsavari S.A. Vaziri Yazdi E. Moniri -
Open Access Article
37 - Survey Of Digestive Enzymes Activity, Body Composition and Intestine Bacterial Flora Of Sobaity (Sparidentexhasta) Fingerling in Response to Different Levels Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharide
Vahid Morshedi Naser Agh Jasem Marammazi Farzaneh Norii Takavar MohammadianInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study i MoreInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (Sparidentex hastaMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 405 individuals of sobaity fingerlings (45 in each replication) were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and replications in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0, 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition and intestine samples were collected for estimating digestive enzymes activity intestine bacterial flora and body composition. Results: The obtained results indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide did not change sobaity digestive enzymes activity, including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase (P > 0.05). In this study, weak, positive and no significant correlation were observed between dietary prebiotic and alkaline protease activity, amylase activity and lipase activity (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that different levels of prebiotic did not affect body composition including protein, fat, ash and moisture and intestine bacterial flora (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Overall, this study showed that digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary prebiotic. Moreover, the diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide had no significant effects on body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation dietary effect of Apple cider vinegar on histology of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota of the Litopenaeus vannamei
szjad pourmozaffar Abdolmajid Hajimoradlo Hamed Kolangi MiandareInroduction & ObjectiveOrganic acids product such as Apple cider vinegar usually alter or reduce bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract and decrease pH in the intestinal tract, thus inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria the host animal. The objectives of this study MoreInroduction & ObjectiveOrganic acids product such as Apple cider vinegar usually alter or reduce bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract and decrease pH in the intestinal tract, thus inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria the host animal. The objectives of this study, was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Apple cider vinegar on total hemocyte count, histology of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota of the Litopenaeus vannameiMaterials and Methods:In this study two hundred twenty-five Litopenaeus vannamei with an average initial weight of 10.2 ± 0.04 g, that they were fed diets supplemented with different levels of a Apple cider vingar after 60 days. Treatments included levels of 0, 2% and 4% Apple cider vinegar diets. Shrimp were randomly sampled at the end of the experiment. The hemolymph was withdrawn from abdominal segments of samples for measuring total hemocyte count. The number of the B-cells and R-cells, as well as tubule diameter were quantified for histological examination. Also, the gut microbial fora count (log CFU g¹) was determined using nutrient agar medium plus salt.ResultsThe results indicated that, shrimp fed Apple cider vinegar diets had significantly higher total hemocyte count (p 0.05), whereas the number of the resorptive cells significantly decreased in shrimp fed a diet containing Apple cider vinegar and a dramatic decrease was observed in 2% Apple cider vinegar treatment (p Conclusion: This study was the first reported data on the use of dietary Apple cider vinegar in aquatic animal. These findings indicate that the Apple cider vinegar was introducing suitable organic acid alternative and also it has the greatest potential for use as a diet supplement for L. vannamei Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The effects of adding essential oils (Thymus vulgaris L. and Mentha pulegium L.) and microbial phytase on intestinal microflora and immune level (humoral immunity (HI) and blood cells) in broilers
eslam Ghalandari alireza safamehr ali nobakht Yousef Mehmannavaz saman mahdaviBackground & Aims: Although medicinal plants have been used in different ways in feeding poultry, including broiler chickens, the simultaneous use of essential oils and enzymes, especially microbial phytase enzyme, has been used less. Thyme and Mentha are plants tha MoreBackground & Aims: Although medicinal plants have been used in different ways in feeding poultry, including broiler chickens, the simultaneous use of essential oils and enzymes, especially microbial phytase enzyme, has been used less. Thyme and Mentha are plants that affect the immune system. The positive effects of phytase have been documented in poultry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mutual effects of essential oils and phytase enzyme on intestinal microflora and immunity level of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: This experiment examines intestinal microflora and immune level (humoral immunity (HI test) and blood cells) using three levels of thyme essential oil, Mentha essential oil and microbial phytase with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions and a total of 32 test units for 42 days. It was done on broilers. Culture methods (MRS-Agar and EMB) and ELISA method and commercial biochemistry kits were used to check intestinal microflora and immune level, respectively.Results: Examining the main effects showed that the treatments that consumed thyme essential oil had lower coliform population and total aerobic bacteria (TAB) compared to other treatments (p<0.05). The level of humoral immunity showed a significant difference among different experimental groups (p<0.05). The treatments that did not receive essential oils of thyme and Mentha had the lowest ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the use of microbial phytase enzyme and thyme essential oil reduces the population of intestinal coliform bacteria and the use of thyme essential oil improves humoral immunity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail
Saman Mahdavi Ali Nobakht Reza Mokhtarian aslIntroduction & Aim: Addition of natural nutritional compounds including colostrum in the diet can be useful for quail. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail. Materials and Methods: 12 MoreIntroduction & Aim: Addition of natural nutritional compounds including colostrum in the diet can be useful for quail. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of colostrum in diet on intestinal microbial flora of Japanese quail. Materials and Methods: 120 Japanese quails were tested in a completely randomized design using a diet without colostrum, a diet with 2% cow's colostrum and 4% cow's colostrum in 3 treatments and 4 replications and 10 Japanese quails in each replication. After a period of 42 days, two quails were selected from each replicate. Then, a piece of the ileum of each bird was examined to count the population of lactobacillus and coliform. Results: Quails fed with 4% colostrum had the highest total counts of lactobacillus (p< 0.05) and lowest total counts of coliform bacteria among the experimental groups (p>0.05). Also, the treatment group fed with 2% colostrum also showed an overall increase and decrease in the population of lactobacilli and coliform bacteria compared to the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The use of pasteurized cow colostrum in amounts of 2% and 4% in the diet of Japanese quail increases the total count of lactobacilli and reduces the total population of coliform bacteria, which can be used as a new nutrient to improve the intestinal microbial flora in the diet of farmed poultry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The effects of cotton and soybean selective herbicides on mycellial growth of Rhizoctonia solani causal agent of damping off
Elham Modiri Mansoor MontazeriThis investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbicides trifluralin, ethalfluralin, alachlor and metribuzin on mycellial growth of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 4, the causal agent of cotton and soybean damping off. The experiments were carried out MoreThis investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbicides trifluralin, ethalfluralin, alachlor and metribuzin on mycellial growth of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 4, the causal agent of cotton and soybean damping off. The experiments were carried out in 2011 at Department of Weed Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran. At first stage, growth reaction of the fungal colonies to the herbicides on PDA was studied. Then, this reaction to discs contaminated with the herbicides, compared with not using herbicide control, in two series of experiments was investigated. The results of high concentration of herbicides in PDA indicated that growth of the fungal colonies on PDA containing trifluralin at 12500 or 25000 ppm, ethalfluralin at 17500 or 35000 ppm, alachlor at 20000 or 40000 ppm was completely inhibited. R. solani growth on PDA containing metribuzin at 2500 or 5000 ppm was not completely inhibited, but this treatments, compared with control, significant reduced mycellial growth of the pathogen. The experiment at lower concentrations of the herbicides showed that alachlor, trifluralin and ethalfluralin, resprctively at 509, 318 and 445 ppm, significantly reduced the colonies growth. Among the recent treatments, the effect of alachlor was significantly more than the others. Paper discs contaminated with herbicides at three different concentration, showed no evidence of their effect on mycellial growth of the pathogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating the effects of silver nano particles on fungi flora of seeds of Chamran wheat cultivar
Mohsen Ghamari Masoud Latifian Mansour Farbod Nazanin Amir BakhtiarThis study was carried out in order to investigate the possibility of controlling seed-born disease of wheat Chamran cultivar by nano silver seed coating and indicate relevant concentration of nano silver on fungal seed-born of wheat at Khouzestan-Rami MoreThis study was carried out in order to investigate the possibility of controlling seed-born disease of wheat Chamran cultivar by nano silver seed coating and indicate relevant concentration of nano silver on fungal seed-born of wheat at Khouzestan-Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University. Experiment was conducted in the form of completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments. Treatments included one level of disinfection by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and five levels of seed coating by different concentration of silver nano particle (S1 = 1.30, S2 = 4, S3 = 6.70, S4 = 9.3 and S5 = 2666 mg of silver nitrate solution). Results showed that there was a significant difference among disinfection levels (P≤0.01) for disease index. In comparison with sodium hypochlorite, the Disease Index was declined about 50% by S1 treatment. The most favorable effect on decreasing Disease Index was observed with S5 treatment where it dropped up to 75%. According to results the mean of mortal concentration of nano silver on dominant species (Aspergillus sp.,fusarium graminiarum, Penicilium sp ., Torula sp., Alternaria alternaria) was calculated using Fini method in order to approach the finest concentration. The maximum LC50 was obtained for Torula sp. 1875.6 ml/lit and the minimum 0.02 ml/lit was for Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria alternaria. Regarding to this point that fungal seed-borne are active on seed bed in the form of a band, for approach to efficient disinfection it is essential to use the maximum needed concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Chemical Weeds Control in Fall Transplanting Onions in Southern Kerman Province
Ahmad Aien Ebrahim MamnoieIn order to control weeds in transplanting onions in southern Kerman province, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and four replications during 2003-2004. The treatments included of Pendimethalin 33% in 4.5 L/ha (pre), MoreIn order to control weeds in transplanting onions in southern Kerman province, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and four replications during 2003-2004. The treatments included of Pendimethalin 33% in 4.5 L/ha (pre), Oxyfluorfen 24% in 2 L/ha (post), Oxadiazon 12% in 3 L/ha (pre and post), and Oxadiargyl WG and EC in 120 g/ha and 4 L/ha (post), respectively; plus weedy check .The results indicated that the application of herbicides decreased density and biomass of weeds and increased onion yield. Oxyfluorfen had maximum effect on reducing density and biomass of mallow (Malva parviflor L.), lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). Barnyard grass (Echinochloa colonum L.) was successfully controlled by oxadiazon; lambsquarter was successfully controlled by all herbicides except Oxadiargyl; the highest onion yields belonged to Oxyfluorfen with 71.75 t/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Variation of Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitidae) Gut Bacteria and Isolation of Gut Lignin-Degrading Bacteria
Behzad Habibpour Zeinab Fathollahi S. Imani nader hasanzadeh M. Abd GodarziLignin is the most abundant aromatic (phenolic) polymer and the second most plentiful raw material in the terrestrial environment. It is degraded by bacteria and fungi in the natural world. To evaluate whether the role of symbiotic bacteria in lignin degradation a MoreLignin is the most abundant aromatic (phenolic) polymer and the second most plentiful raw material in the terrestrial environment. It is degraded by bacteria and fungi in the natural world. To evaluate whether the role of symbiotic bacteria in lignin degradation among termites, four colonies of Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri (Termitidae) were collected from traps in Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas, and two islands of Khark and Kish. Sample suspensions were prepared from guts in 5 ml D.H2O. The samples were cultured on nutrient agar (NA) medium. The plates were incubated at a temperature of 270C for 24-72 h. Different types of bacteria with different colony morphologies were selected and purified. To differentiate lignin-degrading bacteria, all 47 bacterial isolates were grown on different extracted lignin agar containing MSM. In total, 45 isolates were positive for lignin degradation. Culture-independent 16S rDNA sequencing in combination with classical culturing methods were applied to identify the bacteria. These were assigned to genus/species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Elizabethkingia anopheles, Ochrobactrum anthropic, Serratia marcescens, Lysinibacillus pakistanensis, Actinetobacter pitti, Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp. To specify the amount of ligninolytic activity, family selected bacteria were grown on lignin agar medium. Dye decolorization in culture plate assays with Methylene Blue was evaluated. Clear zones in agar around the isolates were measured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Investigation on the effect of FMBO nanoparticles on the structure and morphology of composite nanofibers PVDF/FMBO
parisa aliahmadipoor rasool jamshidi gohari Dadkhoda GhazanfariRecent research has shown that long, porous nanofibers are one of the safest nanomaterials due to their controllable production, high specific surface area and continuous matrix structure. In this study, following the previous study of the authors, Structural phases of MoreRecent research has shown that long, porous nanofibers are one of the safest nanomaterials due to their controllable production, high specific surface area and continuous matrix structure. In this study, following the previous study of the authors, Structural phases of nanofibers were synthesized from combination of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and iron/manganese binary oxide nanoparticles (FMBO) were evaluated. Mineral adsorbents were integrated into polymer matrix in the range of zero to 0.5. The properties of nanofibers according to the structure and surface characteristics using SEM and TEM were determined. In this study, structural phases of PVDF and PVDF/FMBO electrospinning nanofibers were distinguished by examining the FTIR vibration bands and analyzing the XRD characteristics due to the different reports on the analysis of α, β and γ phases according to the measured data. The results of FTIR, specifically by examining bands 762 and 612, 1275 and 1234 cm-1 and its compliance with XRD results and reviewing published research the α, β and γ phases were distinguished, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Identification and Molecular Detection of Microbial Flora of Fermentation Agent of Different types of Traditional Dough Products of Kerman Province
Mohadeseh Tajalli Mohammad Mehdi Motaghi Ashraf KariminikSourdough microflora generally contains yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and the interaction of microorganisms for its metabolic activity is important. Lactic acid bacteria produce numerous metabolites such as organic acids, enzymes, and exopolysaccharides during sourdou MoreSourdough microflora generally contains yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and the interaction of microorganisms for its metabolic activity is important. Lactic acid bacteria produce numerous metabolites such as organic acids, enzymes, and exopolysaccharides during sourdough fermentation, which have a positive effect on the structure of the dough and bread's texture and staling. This study aimed to identify and compare the microbial flora of traditional bread dough in different cities of Kerman province by culture and molecular methods. MRS culture medium and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar were used in order to isolate lactic acid bacteria and yeasts respectively. Biochemical and antimicrobial tests were performed. 4 isolates of bacteria and 4 isolates of yeasts were identified by molecular method and comparing the resulting sequences of the sequences in the gene bank, respectively. Bacterial species were Weissella cibaria, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Staphylococcus gallinarum, and yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis. Based on the results, the microorganisms identified in this study can be suggested to improve the quality of bread and create a better taste and aroma of bread. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Aut Ecology, Ethnopharmacology, Ecomorphology Sclerorhachis leptoclada Boiss "Mastar" and Floristic Spectrum of Medicinal Plants in Ark (Birjand city)
Maliheh Mahmoudi Mohammad javad Seghatoleslami Mozhgan Sabet TeimouriSclerorhachis leptoclada belongs to Asteraceae family is one of the most medicine vegetable in traditional medicine in Birjand. In many field observation duos to investigate of aut ecology, ethnopharmacology and ecomorphology of Sclorhachis leptoclada Boiss. aerial part MoreSclerorhachis leptoclada belongs to Asteraceae family is one of the most medicine vegetable in traditional medicine in Birjand. In many field observation duos to investigate of aut ecology, ethnopharmacology and ecomorphology of Sclorhachis leptoclada Boiss. aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from Ark (1395-1396). Ethno pharmacological data and biological spectrum of medicinal plants were obtained from rural healers. Also, by selecting three points in the habitat and three heights in each position, morphological characteristics such as plant height, number of leaves, number of flowering stems, dry weight and tremor were evaluated at the flowering stage. Results showed that this natural plant was wild grew in sandy loam soil, Ec=8/18, PH=7, Plant flowers appeared in Jun and May falled in late of July. Biological spectrum was showed that 31 medicine plants were grow wild in this region belongs to Asteraceae (19/3%), Apiaceae (12/9%), Lamiaceae (16/1), and in terms of biophyte Therophytes with 13 species (93.41%), Geophytes with 11 species (48.35%), Had the largest number of species and mostly belonged to the Iranian-Turanian, Mediterranean (41.9%) European-Siberian, Mediterranean (19.3%) origin. The results also showed that with increasing altitude in all three selected locations in the habitat, the number of leaves, dry and wet weight and plant height decreased. Finally, the observed diversity can be related to the role of altitude and the genetic structure of the populations, which can also be considered as a kind of adaptation and physiological response of Mastar to environmental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Study on the interaction between glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with spectroscopic technique
Zahra Shojaeifard Bahram HemmateenejadThe interactions of Gold nanoclusters capped with glutathione (GSH-AuNCs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopic technique at pH 7.4. The quenching constants and binding parameters (binding constants and number of binding sites) MoreThe interactions of Gold nanoclusters capped with glutathione (GSH-AuNCs) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopic technique at pH 7.4. The quenching constants and binding parameters (binding constants and number of binding sites) were determined by fluorescence quenching method. The obtained results revealed the presence of a static type of quenching mechanism in the binding of GSH-AuNCs with BSA. Based on the thermodynamic parameters extracted from the fluorescence data, it was shown that binding of GSH-AuNCs to BSA was driven mainly by van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions. The displacement experiment shows that GSH-AuNCs can bind to the subdomain IIA (site I) of albumin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effectiveness of Flortime Play Therapy on Improving the Attitude and Adaptive Behavior of Children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Zahra Darvish Damavandi Fariborz Dortaj Bahram Ali Ghanbari Hashemabadi Ali DelavarPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorotime play therapy on improving the behavior and adaptive behavior of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-po MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fluorotime play therapy on improving the behavior and adaptive behavior of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all children aged 9-11 years with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) under the auspices of Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) Clinic in Rey in 2018-19 that 30 people were selected as a statistical sample and divided into two groups. (One experimental group and one control group) were randomly replaced. First, both groups were measured with Barclay Executive Activity Failure Scale (BDEFS-CA), adaptive behavior with the adaptive behavior scale of Limbert et al. (1974). They received 8 sessions of 60-minute fluorotime play therapy. At the end of the course, both groups were tested with the mentioned questionnaires. Findings: The results of analysis of covariance showed that fluorotime play therapy was effective in improving the behavior and adaptive behavior of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this way, fluorotime play therapy reduces executive failure and also reduces behaviors. Unexplained in the experimental group (p <0.01). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of fluortime play therapy on improving the behavior and adaptive behavior of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), fluorescence play therapy can be used as an effective method in attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by psychologists. To be placed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Identification of Flora and Life Forms of Plants in Kandovan (East Azarbaijan)
Zh. ToupcvhiKandovan is located in the north west of Iran in the province of east Azarbaijan. Its geographical position is 46ْ 10′ to 46 ْ 20َ and 37 ْ 42َto 37 ْ 52َ. This survey carried out at elevations of 1800-3200 m from sea level. The aim of this project was the collect MoreKandovan is located in the north west of Iran in the province of east Azarbaijan. Its geographical position is 46ْ 10′ to 46 ْ 20َ and 37 ْ 42َto 37 ْ 52َ. This survey carried out at elevations of 1800-3200 m from sea level. The aim of this project was the collection and identification of plants grown in its 7000 hectares of range land. During two seasons about 400 plant samples were collected and identified in herbarium. In this project 256 species were identified to belong to 153 genus and 37 families. The most important plants families that collected in this region belonged to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Apiaceae. Asteraceae (40 species), Fabaceae (29 species), Lamiaceae (25 species), Brassicaceae (22 species) and Apiaceae (16 species) were the dominant species in the area, respectively. The life forms of these species were determined by using of Raunkierُs method and they consist of 58.20% Hemicryptophytes, 30.07% Therophytes, 1.17% Phanerophytes, 5.85% Chamaephytes and 4.68% Geophytes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Efficiency of Some Selective Herbicides in Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivation and Their Interaction with Biofarm Biological Fertilizer
Z. Pouri, S.J. Angadji M. Montazeri M. Mashhadi JafarlooTo evaluate the effect of herbicides and biofarm (Pseudomonas spp.) as biological fertilizer on weeds and yield components of canola, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Center o MoreTo evaluate the effect of herbicides and biofarm (Pseudomonas spp.) as biological fertilizer on weeds and yield components of canola, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of East Azarbaijan in 2009. The treatment factors consisted of herbicide (factor A) at 4 levels (application of trifloralin, Treflan, at 2.5 l/ha as pre-planting, chlopyralid, Lontrel, at 0.8 l/ha when canola plants were at 2-4 leaf stage, metazachlor+quinmerac, Butizan star, at 2.5 l/ha at cotyledonous stage of canola, and not controlling the weeds as check. Biological fertilizer (factor B) at 2 levels, using or not using the biofarm. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvvensis) and tansy mustard (Descurainia sophia), being in same family with canola, were the dominant weeds in the field. Traits like number of species and biomass of weeds, biomass and yield of the crop were recorded to evaluate the effects of the treatments. The statistical analysis indicated that Botizan star and Treflan, compared with control, significantly reduced the number and biomass of wild mustard. In spite of non significant effect of the herbicide on number of tansy mustard and total weed, Botizan star and Treflan significantly reduced their biomasses. Application of biofarm and its interaction with herbicides did not influence the evaluated traits significantly. The herbicides, also, did not have significant effect on biomass and yield of the crop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Variation of Agronomic Traits and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Using Subirrigation
Hossein Sabouri Hojat Ghorbani Vaghei Mohammad Reza Jafarzade Razmi Mohsen Rezaei Mahnaz Katozi Somayeh SanchouliTo evaluate variation of agronomic traits and chlorophyll fluorescence in rice genotypes using subirrigation, as randomized completely block design with three replications was conducted in 2013-2014. During the growth of seedlings in the treasury, the main plot was prep MoreTo evaluate variation of agronomic traits and chlorophyll fluorescence in rice genotypes using subirrigation, as randomized completely block design with three replications was conducted in 2013-2014. During the growth of seedlings in the treasury, the main plot was prepared according to the experimental design in the plots. Transplantation was carried out after 4-3 leaves with the selection of healthy and uniform seedlings on June 20th. In the method of flood irrigation, the land was prepared as usual. To prepare subirrigation treatments, each plot was removed to a depth of 40 cm and porous clay capsules were used. The irrigation system consisted of three main pipelines (the number of irrigation treatments), one valve head and one volume meter installed on each main pipe. The main tubes were spread along the floor and the water needed for each treatment was taken using 16 mm tubes at the beginning of each plot. By placing the pressure gauge at the beginning of the pipelines, the system pressure was modulated in the subirrigation irrigation system. Significant differences detected between genotypes in all traits at 1% probablity. HHZ1-DT3-Y1Y1, HHZ 22-Y3-DT1-Y1, HHZ 6-DT1-LI1-LI1, IR14L110 and HHZ 23-DT16-DT1-DT1 had the highest grain weight. These genotypes in terms of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, it is evident that these genotypes are in terms of parameters such as Y (II), ETR, qP, qL, NPQ, Fm, Fv / Fm and F'v / F'm were high and were low in terms of qN, NPQ and Fo parameters. High yield genotypes and high photosynthetic potency can be used to cultivation and breeding programs in subirrigation stress areas. Therefore, these genotypes can be of further studies to be used as genotypes with low water requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Effect of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Pigment Amount of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Varieties under Irrigated Conditions
E. Bagheri, J. Masood Sinaki M. Baradaran Firoozabadi M. Abedini EsfhlaniTo study the effects of foliar applications of salicylic acid under cutting off irrigation at BBCH and phenological growth stages of plants and their interaction on chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid concentrations and chlorophyll fluorescence of sesame varieties (Sesamum ind MoreTo study the effects of foliar applications of salicylic acid under cutting off irrigation at BBCH and phenological growth stages of plants and their interaction on chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid concentrations and chlorophyll fluorescence of sesame varieties (Sesamum indicum) a split factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at Shahrood (Semnan province of Iran) during growing season of 2011-2012. Main factor was three irrigation levels (full irrigation as control, cutting off irrigation at 69 BBCH (at 90% flowering stage), and cutting off irrigation at BBCH79 (at full growth of pods). Sub plots were three cultivars of sesame (Biarjomand native, Dashtestan 2, Darab 1) and two levels of the foliar applications salicylic acid (0, and 0.6 mM). The results of variance analysis showed that drought stress due to cutting of the irrigation at 90% flowering and full growth of pods reduced content of chlorophyll a, carotenoid and chlorophyll fluorescence significantly. Foliar application also reduced chlorophyll b and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm) significantly. Experimental results indicated that highest concentrations of chlorophyll a and carotenoid 0.629 and 0.265 mg/g.Fw respectively produced by plants when irrigation was cutted off at BBCH 69 and the highest concentration of Fv/Fm (0.656) in control treatment. Based on the results obtained the maximum chlorophyll b content belonged to Darab (0.423 mg/g.Fw) and the lowest (0.364 mg/g.Fw) to Biarjomand native. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation of Photosynthetic Activity, Carbohydrates, Proline and Essential Oils (Ocimum basilicum L.) under the Elicitor of β-Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles
Azadeh Loni Sara Saadatmand Hossien Lari Yazdi Alireza IranbakhshInduction of engineered nanoparticles into medicinal plants causes resistance, enhances quantitative and qualitative performance and effective substances in them. In this study, β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles (β-CDNPS) were synthesized. The nanoparticle profile MoreInduction of engineered nanoparticles into medicinal plants causes resistance, enhances quantitative and qualitative performance and effective substances in them. In this study, β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles (β-CDNPS) were synthesized. The nanoparticle profile was determined by UV-VIS spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Then different concentrations of β-CDNPs including 0, 10, 50, 100 mg / l were used for foliar spray of basil (Ocimum basilicumc.v. Keshkeni luvelou). The amount of chlorophyll pigments and basil essential oil was significantly different (P≤ 5%) compared to the control.The maximum amount of chlorophyll b was observed in 100ppm treatment. The results showed a significant reduction (P≤5%) of the minimum fluorescence value (Fo) in the treatment of 50 ppm compared to the control and two levels of 10 and 100 ppm of β-CDNPS. The level of 50 ppm significantly increased (P≤ 5%) the maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence (Fv), photochemical efficiency of the photosystem compared to the control. Foliar spray of β-CDNPS caused changes in basil gas exchange. Soluble sugars and proline of basil leave and root in 50ppm treatment had a significant increase (P≤%5) compared to the control, so that insoluble sugars in leave and root showed the opposite trend. In the presence of β-CDNPS, phenylpropanoids and terpenoids concentration, in the basil showed a significant difference (P≤5%) compared to the control group. Induction of β-CDNPS nanoparticles in the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites results in plant productivity Basil plant under the treatment of nano β-cyclodextrin, with concentration-dependent behavior increased yield per unit area. Therefore, foliar spray at the right concentration can act as an inducer while stimulating, preserving the active ingredients in basil and increase the content of essential oil for food and drug consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Dominant bacterial flora of gut in Rainbow trout and probable important viewpoint probiotic
علیرضا MobarhanfardAbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months MoreAbstractThis research conducted for recognition of dominant bacterial flora of rainbow trout gut. 20 fingerlings of trout with average weight of 2gr, prepared by Isfahan Fisheries Authority in last winter. The stock of fish reared isolation tank, and during four months of rearing period, neither any disinfections nor antibiotic agents have been used. The temperature of farming tank maintained at the range of 10 to 16. After this period, the stock of fish pocked in ewo layer bags and transported at night time to lobaratory of science and Research Unit of Azad University in Tehran. All samples of fish arrived at healthy condition to laboratory. The average weight of fish measured as 30 10g, and total length of 8-12 cm. After word, the fish disinfected by 70% alcohol, and them by the strile apparatus the gut have been removed for primary and subtractive culture. The media used for culture was N.A, M.A, TSI, SIM, and recognition of positive or negative grams carried by staining. In addition, biochemical reagents like methyl red, oxidase – catalase test, sugar fermentation test, gelatin hydrolysis test and starch hydrolysis test for final recognition of bacteria and abundance ratio is carried out. Edwardzillata sp.(8%), itrobacrer sp. (10%), Shewanella sp.(30%), Haemophilus sp.(2%), Plesiomonas sp.(25%), Aero,onas sp.(25%) Dominant bacteria of gut flora in rainbow trout showed following species; Shewanella sp., Plesioonas sp. and Aeromonaa sp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Study of Fluorene Phenanthrene and Anthracene petroleum hydrocarbons in economic fish wetland Anzali
M. Seifzadeh A. Valipour A. khanipourPetroleum hydrocarbons are among the routine chemical pollutants in industrial areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in six commercial fish species consisting of common Carp, Pike, Caras, Sefid fish, Tinca tinca and Catf MorePetroleum hydrocarbons are among the routine chemical pollutants in industrial areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in six commercial fish species consisting of common Carp, Pike, Caras, Sefid fish, Tinca tinca and Catfish in stations of Anzali wetland. For this purpose, Anthracene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene PAHs measured by Gas Chromatography with a detector (GC-FID). Ten numbers were studied from each fish type including Catfish, Karas, and Pik from the central and East stations, Carp fish from the west and central stations and Sefid fish from the central station (with any Fluorene contamination). Phenanthrene and Fluorene concentration among the west, east, and central stations showed difference significant (p<0.05). Anthracene was observed in Pike, Catfish, Tinca tinca of the central and east stations, Carp fish of the central station, Sefid fish of the west and east stations and Caras of the central and west stations. Based on the results, Carp fish of east station and Pike fish of the west station in terms of contamination to Fluorene and Carp fish of the east and west stations and pike and Tinca tinca of the west stations were not suitable for human consumption based on the WHO measures. Moreover, according to the the WHO rules (No. 48568, 73338 and 31581), Tinca tinca of the central and west stations, Karas of the west and east stations, Catfish of the west, east and central, Sefid fish of the central stations and Carp fish of the central and east of wetland in terms of contamination to Phenanthrene were found unsuitable for human consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Evaluation of the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) essential oils on intestinal microflora of broilers
Saman Mahdavi ali noubakhtEssential oils as growth stimulants play an important role in improving intestinal microflora and morphological properties and immune system in broiler chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Zizipho MoreEssential oils as growth stimulants play an important role in improving intestinal microflora and morphological properties and immune system in broiler chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Ziziphora (Ziziphora tenuior L.) essential oils on intestinal microflora of broilers. For this purpose, 468 one day old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were divided into 13 treatments with 3 replicates (12 chicks per replicate). The treatments were administrated Thyme, Ziziphora and a mixture of both essential oils in two levels (0.15% and 0.3% of diet) using two routes of drinking water and food and studied from the age of 10 to 42 days. Two birds were selected from each replicate at 42 days old and were slaughtered after 12 hours of starvation. Then, a piece of ileum of each chick was cut for counting the microbial population and was transferred to the laboratory. Total counting of coliform and lactobacillus for each sample was performed and the results were analyzed with SPSS software. Total counting of coliform were the least in groups fed with 0.3% of mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora but it didn’t show significant difference in comparison with the control group. Total counting of lactobacillus were the most in groups fed with 0.3% of mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora in feed and it showed significant difference in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between treatment groups for the route of consumption of Thyme and Ziziphora. The results indicated that adding 0.3% of a mixture of Thyme and Ziziphora essential oils to broiler diets can be effective in improvement of gut useful microflora (lactobacillus) and reduction of harmful bacteria (coliform) in the ileum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Isolation and identification of the conjunctival fungal flora in healthy Holstein cattle in Urmia district
M. Soodi A. Araghi-SoorehFungi are considered as normal inhabitants of the ocular surface of healthy animals, however under certain conditions such as eye trauma could cause disease. This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying the fungal isolates of healthy eyes from Holstein MoreFungi are considered as normal inhabitants of the ocular surface of healthy animals, however under certain conditions such as eye trauma could cause disease. This study was conducted with the purpose of identifying the fungal isolates of healthy eyes from Holstein cattle in Urmia district . Conjunctival swabs were taken from both eyes of 40 healthy Iranian Holstein cattle and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C for 14 days. Effect of host age and sex on prevalence of isolates were analyzed by mann whitney and fisher’s exact tests using SAS software. Overall, 34 filamentous fungi were isolated from 24 (60%) cattle and 27 (33.75%) eyes. The isolated fungal genera in order of frequency were Aspergillus (44.12%), Curvularia (20.59%), Penicillium (14.7%), Pseudallescheria (14.7%), Fusarium (2.97%) and Scopulariopsis (2.97%). Isolation rate of fungi in older cattle (p=0.04) and male cattle (p=0.032) was significantly higher. This is the first report of ocular fungal flora in Iranian Holstein cattle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Seroepidemiologic survey of Hydatidosis in northwest Iran by Indirect Immunoflurscent Test
Ahmad Nematollahi رسول Jamali Gh MoghaddamThis survey was conducted to study the seroepidemiology of hydatidosis in northwest of Iran. Totally 852 blood samples from rural inhabitants of Sarab, Meshkin shahr, Moghan and Urmia were collected and their sera were separated. For antigen preparation, the livers and MoreThis survey was conducted to study the seroepidemiology of hydatidosis in northwest of Iran. Totally 852 blood samples from rural inhabitants of Sarab, Meshkin shahr, Moghan and Urmia were collected and their sera were separated. For antigen preparation, the livers and lungs of sheep infected with hydatid cyst and slaughtered at Tabriz abattoir were collected. The protoscolex was separated from the hydatid cyst and injected into the rabbit diaphragm using the sandwich technique. Then sections of the diaphragm were cut using the cryocut apparatus and fixed onto slides. The prepared sections were examined using marked antihuman globulin stained with Evan’s blue by IFA test. Initially sensitivity and specifity of this test was evaluated on sera of 58 hospitalized hydatidosis patients and 70 healthy persons. The sensitivity and specifity of the test were estimated 88% and 98/6% respectively. In this survey the titers over 1:10 were considered positive. Among 852 tested samples, 30(3/52%) were infected. Infection rate in males was higher than females. The highest infection rate was from Meshkin shahr (3.5%) and the age group of 20-40 years was the highest infected category. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluation of the clinical function and ecosystem of the rumen in cows with theileriosis
Ali Hasanpour Gh Afshari A.P Rezaei-Saber Ali MardaniThis study was conducted on 20 cows with theileriosis and 12 control cows in order to evaluate the clinical function of rumen and its ecosystem. The occurrence of fever in cows with theileriosis was significantly more than the control cows (p<0.05). Rumen movements a MoreThis study was conducted on 20 cows with theileriosis and 12 control cows in order to evaluate the clinical function of rumen and its ecosystem. The occurrence of fever in cows with theileriosis was significantly more than the control cows (p<0.05). Rumen movements and its consistency in palpation had decreased insignificantly in the affected cows. The consistency of rumen contents was significantly altered in comparison with the control cows (p<0.05) but alterations in the odor and color of the contents were not significant. The pH of rumen in the diseased group of cows was insignificantly more than the normal cows. The mean precipitation time and methylen blue reduction time of the rumen contents was higher than the normal group. The total acidity of rumen contents in the test group demonstrated a significant reduction (p<0.05). There were no significant alterations in the number of rumen protozoa, the ratio of live to dead protozoa and the morphology of rumen bacteria in cows with theileriosis in comparison with the control cows. In conclusion, the clinical function of the rumen and its ecosystem is affected in theileriosis and attention should be paid to these alterations in the treatment of theileriosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A study on fungal flora of the normal eye surface in Iranian native cattle
tohid nouri abdollah araghisourehThe microflora of the normal ocular surface is one of the sources supplying fungal agents for keratomycosis. This study was conducted to identify fungal isolates of the conjunctiva in clinically healthy Iranian native cattle in Urmia district. Swabs were taken from both MoreThe microflora of the normal ocular surface is one of the sources supplying fungal agents for keratomycosis. This study was conducted to identify fungal isolates of the conjunctiva in clinically healthy Iranian native cattle in Urmia district. Swabs were taken from both eyes of cattle (n=45) and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C and examined for 7 days. Data were analyzed for the effect of age and sex by fisher’s exact test. Thirteen cattle (28.89%) were found to be positive for fungal growth. The isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus spp-7 cases (53.84%), Penicillium spp-6 cases (46.15%), Rhodotorula sp-1 case (7.69%) and Candida sp-1 case (7.69%). Yeast genera represented 13.3% of all the isolates. Sex and age of cattle had no significant effect on prevalence of isolates. Incidence of fungal colonization of the eyes compared with similar studies was low which may reflect differences in season and technique of sampling. Unexpected high frequency of Aspergillus may be due to geographic differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Seroprevalence survey on wild canine visceral Leishmaniasis in Sarab District (East Azerbaijan Province) Northwest of Iran during 2009-2010
مجید Khanmohammadi اسماعیل Fallah صادق Rahbari سعید HesarakiThis study was done to determine the prevalence of Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) in wild canines around the city of Sarab and the possible association between infection in wild canines and people during 2009-2010. In this study 10 serum samples from foxes (Vulpe MoreThis study was done to determine the prevalence of Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) in wild canines around the city of Sarab and the possible association between infection in wild canines and people during 2009-2010. In this study 10 serum samples from foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and two serum samples from wolves (Canis lupus) were prepared. Samples were examined in the parasitology laboratory of Tabriz Medical University using Elisa and IFA serological tests. Only one fox of 10 with IFA and ELISA tests was seropositive. The IFA titre was greater than or equal to 1:1280 and amount of light absorption in ELISA equal to 2.127 and percent of samples (S/P%)=138%. The fox had specific symptoms of disease including cutaneous ulcers, hair loss, Impotence, Onicocriptosis, local or general lymphadenopathy, Keratitis and Hepatosplenomegaly. In slides prepared from impression smear of liver and spleen Leishman body was observed and culture results were positive. In this study the two wolves were not seropositive and the result of culture was negative. Parasites isolated from seropositive fox were tested with specific primers of k-DNA using PCR and indicated 99% homology with complex Donovani (L.infantum, L.donovani, L. Chagasi). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Identification of conjunctival fornix mycoflora of Equidae (horse and mule) in Urmia district
abdollah araghisourehAbstract Fungi present on normal ocular surface become pathogen in certain conditions such as corneal damage. Therefore, Knowledge of normal conjunctival mycoflora is important for prompt and proper treatment of equine keratomycosis. The objective of this MoreAbstract Fungi present on normal ocular surface become pathogen in certain conditions such as corneal damage. Therefore, Knowledge of normal conjunctival mycoflora is important for prompt and proper treatment of equine keratomycosis. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the mycoflora of conjunctiva in clinically normal equine species in Urmia, Iran. Swabs were taken from the conjunctival fornix of both eyes of horses (n=35) and mules (n=50), without external ocular inflammation. The culture samples were seeded in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and incubated for 10 days at 25° C. Collectively, 191 isolates belonging to 13 fungal species were identified. Aspergillus was the most commonly isolated fungal genus in horses (48.63%) and mules (38.88%). The fungal species isolated are comparable with similar studies performed on horses in other countries. This is the first report of conjunctival mycoflora in mules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - تأثیر باکتریهای محرک رشد و قارچ تریکودرما بر جوانه‌زنی بالنگو (Lallemantia royleana L)تحت تنش شوری
زهرا مرادیان فرشته آزادبخت حشمت امیدی رحیم بازمکانی -
Open Access Article
65 - Floristic study of Alagol, Almagol and Ajigol wetlands and their adjacent areas in Golestan province
Jamileh Panahy Mirzahasanlou Nurmohammad Shirmohammadli Eisa Jorjani Nurmohammad NazariDetermination of the Flora of natural areas and identification of plant species is the basis for environmental planning in any region and identification of the vegetation status. The aim of this study is to investigation of the flora and chorotype of plants in Alagol, A MoreDetermination of the Flora of natural areas and identification of plant species is the basis for environmental planning in any region and identification of the vegetation status. The aim of this study is to investigation of the flora and chorotype of plants in Alagol, Almagol and Ajigol wetlands in Golestan province. In order to study the region's flora, plant species were collected during the growing seasons of years 2015 to 2016 and were identified. In total, 105 species belong to 84 genera and 39 families were recognized. Asteraceae with 18 species, Chenopodiaceae with 18 species and Poaceae with 14 species were the largest families according to species number. Results of the life form spectrum indicates that therophytes (48.3%) and hemi-Cryptophytes (21.9%) were the most frequent life forms of the region. With regard to the geographic distribution, most of the species were belonged to pluriregional (20%) and Irano-Turanian (16.19%) elements. Comparison of wetlands based on life form indicates that therophytes are most dominant life form in all three wetlands; Hemi-cryptophytes are in the next order. Comparison between wetlands based on geographic distribution indicates that bi or tri-regional elements consists most of the flora in all three wetlands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Identification and determine the distribution of plants used by bees in Galehdar watershed (Fars province)
عبدالحمید Karimi حسن Nazarian عفت Jafari احمد HatamiIn addition to knowledge of the biology of honey bees, beekeepers are required to define species, amount of nectar and pollen and flowering duration. This information can be used in preparing beekeeping calendar and suitable usage of different nutrient sources in order MoreIn addition to knowledge of the biology of honey bees, beekeepers are required to define species, amount of nectar and pollen and flowering duration. This information can be used in preparing beekeeping calendar and suitable usage of different nutrient sources in order to have an economical apiculture management. This study conducted in southern of Fars province (Galehdar watershed) to plants identification, flowering period determination, beekeeping calendar preparation and apiculture improvement.Galehdar watershed covers an area of 52250 hectares, with a minimum height of 480 m and a maximum of 1600 m above sea level, is located in southern of Fars province. In this study, using aerial photographs and topographic maps, early type of plants were classified. Then Plant density and canopy cover of honey bee plant resources determined in different sites of this area. Botanical studies of research area and identification of main species of plant types of Galehdar watershed showed six dominant plant types in this area. Also, data showed that the plants genus such as Veronica, Calendula, Plantago and Silene in the form of forbs, Astragalus fasiculifolius, Convolvulus acanthocladus and Platychaete aucheri in the form of shrubs, Ziziphus spina-christii and Amygdalus eburnea in the forms of tree and bush had the highest plant density in the Galehdar watershed. The best flowering time of these plants is from March to May. Thus during this period bee keepers can use this area for having high productivity and performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Intrudoction to the flora,life form and plant geogerafical distribiuotion of haraun Region,in kerman province ,iran
S.M.A Vakili ShahrbabakThe harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this MoreThe harrarun region,with total area about 13000Hectars,and with average altitiude about2044meters from the sea Level,,situated in Sowth of Baft city in kerman province,iran, the aim of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of hararrun region .flora of this region includes:112plant species(3gymnosperms7monocots and 102dicots).that belong to 33 families and89genera.the important families are Asteracea, Lamiaceae,، Papilonaceae,Rosaceae, and Geramineae,with15,15,13,8 and 6species respectively,life form of the plant species of hararun region include:hemicryptophytes 29/47%therophytes 27/67%chamephytes11/64% phanerophytes %11/6jeophyte:11/6% chryptophytes: 7/14%: from the veiw point of regional elements plants of this region include: ،65/17%Irano-turanian, 12/5%Irano-turanian and saharo-sindian, ، 8/05% saharo-sindian,6/7%Mediterranean 4/4% Hyrcanean3/65%cosmic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Aut-ecological Investigation of Ribes biebersteinii , as a Valuable Shrub in Arasbaran, Case Study: Arasbaran Forest, Mardanaghom Watershed
Erfan Zolfaghari M.R Marvi Mohajer GH Zahedi AmiriMedicinal plants as a none-woody forest products in each region, are valuable resources of related ecosystems that we can,t extraction its activate substance in other places. Oriental Currant shrub, ( Ribes biebersteinii ), is a valuable and infrequent shrub of Arasbara MoreMedicinal plants as a none-woody forest products in each region, are valuable resources of related ecosystems that we can,t extraction its activate substance in other places. Oriental Currant shrub, ( Ribes biebersteinii ), is a valuable and infrequent shrub of Arasbaran and due to its interesting medicinal cares,has been received attention by rural people and around counties Spicer markets. Therefore the present study was prepared with the objective to investigation of effective ecological factors in distribution and settlement of Oriental Currant as a medicinal shrub in Arasbaran forest, Mardanaghom-chay watershed. For achieve to this aim, vegetation coverage in different strata with environmental characteristics was recorded in plots. For chemical & physical characteristics of soil, soil samples were taken from under organic layer from 10-20 centimeter depth. Floristic and environmental data was analyzed with Ordinations approach CCA (Canoncial Correspondence Analysis). Correlation analysis results showed that under studying specie, has positive and strong correlation with Sand rate in sub-soil and region. Preference to Loamy with suitable drainage soil can be seen, but showed negative correlation with sub-soil acidity and clay percent. Cultivation & Developing of native medicinal plant species in the region, as none-woody forest products, will be notifiable solutions to reduce rural people and foresters unsuitable pressure on forest ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Floristic study of Vark region in Khorramabad (Lorestan)
fatemeh pourfallahi Gholamhasan VeiskaramiAbstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families MoreAbstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families are Fabaceae and Lamiaceae , with 33 and 27 plant species respectively. Therophytes 47% , Geophytes 26% , Chamaephytes 12%, Hemichryptophytes 10% and Phanerophytes 5% and were the most important structure groups of the local biological spectrum according to Raunkaiaer method from the view point regional elements plants of this region include: 43% Irano – Touranean , 23% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean،17% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean and Europe – Siberean and 5% Cosmopolitan. The aim of this research was identify plant species in vark region of Khorramabad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The effect of mycorrhiza fungi on the morphological characteristics, phenolic compounds. and chlorophyll fluorescence of Borage (Borago officinails L.) under draught stress
علی Rahimi Sh Jahanbin امین Salehi هوشنگ FarajiDrought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a ra MoreDrought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Boyerahmad region during 2015 - 2016. The experiment factors consisted of irrigation levels (main plot) as irrigation after S1 =30, S2 =60, S3 =90, S4 =120 and S5 =150 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan class A and mycorrhiza fungi (sub plot) consisted of non-inoculation (NG), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi species of Glomus mosseae (GM) and Glomus intraradices (GI). Results showed that the effect of year on the studied traits of Borage was not significant. The effect of drought stress on leaf area index of Borage was significant and in the irrigation after 30 and 60 mm evaporation the highest LAI was obtained. The application of mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the amount of phenols of Borageby %13 and% 9, respectively as compared with the plants not inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi. Increase in the drought from 30 mm to 150 mm decreased evaporation, height, number of tributaries and chlorophyll fluorescence, but the application of mycorrhiza could increase the studied characteristics of Borage under drought stress conditions and decrease the negative effects of stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effects of supplementary irrigation and application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter on grain filling components of rain fed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
neda ebadi raouf seyed sharifi hamed narimani razieh khalilzadehIn order to study the effects of supplementary irrigation and application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter on grain filling components, chlorophyll content, and grain yield of rain fed barley (Var. Sahand), a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complet MoreIn order to study the effects of supplementary irrigation and application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter on grain filling components, chlorophyll content, and grain yield of rain fed barley (Var. Sahand), a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the village of Khalkhoran Viand, Ardabil province during 2017. Factors of the experiment included irrigation levels (no irrigation as rain fed, supplementary irrigation at 50% heading, and booting stages) and biofertilizers application at four levels (without biofertilizers as control, application of mycorrhizal fungi, application of azetobacter, and combined application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter). Results showed that the highest chlorophyll a (1.76 mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (0.88 mg/g FW), carotenoid (0.83 mg/g FW), chlorophyll total contents (2.64 mg/g FW), maximum fluorescence (1433.2), variable fluorescence (1281.3), quantum yield (0.847), grain filling period (32.06 days), and maximum grain weight (58.3 mg) were obtained under supplementary irrigation treatment at boot stage with both application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter while the minimum levels of these traits were obtained under rain fed condition without application of biofertilizers. Moreover, the highest grain filling rate (1.9 mg/day) was obtained under rain fed condition and no application of biofertilizers while the lowest rate was obtained under supplementary irrigation at boot stage with application of mycorrhiza. Supplementary irrigation at boot stage and combined application of mycorrhiza and azetobacter increased grain yield by 29.87% in comparison with no application of biofertilizers under rain fed condition. Based on the results, it seems that application of biofertilizers and supplementary irrigation can increase grain yield of rain fed barley through improving chlorophyll content and grain filling components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of superabsorbent polymer on photosynthetic traits, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence indices of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress
Ahmad AfkariIn order to investigate the effect of using superabsorbent polymer on photosynthetic traits, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress, an experiment was conducted using a split-plot arrangement in ra MoreIn order to investigate the effect of using superabsorbent polymer on photosynthetic traits, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress, an experiment was conducted using a split-plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with 4 replications in the Research Field of Islamic Azad University, Kaleibar Branch, Iran in crop year 2018. Experimental treatments included irrigation intervals in the main plots (after 70, 140, and 210 mm water evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and application of different amounts of superabsorbent polymer (0, 75, and 150 Kg.ha-1) in sub plots. Results showed that the main effect of drought stress and superabsorbent were significantly different in most measured traits (p≤0.01). Interaction between drought stress and superabsorbent was significant only in the stomatal conductance, cell membrane stability, and chlorophyll index. Mean comparison results showed that severe drought stress significantly reduced maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, maximal fluorescence (Fm), chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, CO2 concentration under stomatal chamber, and photosynthesis rate, indicating the role of stomatal factors in reducing photosynthesis under stress conditions. The use of superabsorbent significantly increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, cell membrane stability, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, maximal fluorescence (Fm), minimum fluorescence (F0) and chlorophyll index while CO2 concentration under stomatal chamber reduced. The highest records of most measured traits were observed in 75 Kg.ha-1 superabsorbent polymer treatment. In general, it was concluded that superabsorbent improves photosynthetic properties, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, and chlorophyll content of beans under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Study of physiological and biochemical responses of rice mutant lines derived from gamma ray irradiation and local varieties under saline field conditions
Leila Bagheri Sara saadatmand Neda Soltani Vahid NiknamRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the crops which is the main source of food for more than a third of the world's population. Limiting factors such as environmental stress require increasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area. Soil salinity is one of the mo MoreRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the crops which is the main source of food for more than a third of the world's population. Limiting factors such as environmental stress require increasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area. Soil salinity is one of the most important factors reducing the productivity of crops throughout the world. Induced mutation is widely used as an effective tool for improving the yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in product modification. In order to screen salt-tolerant superior mutant lines of rice, 10 mutant lines (M5) derived from three Iranian local varieties (Tarom, Anbarbo, and Hasani) were assessed during two generations (M6 and M7) at saline field (EC of soil was 6-8 ds/m). The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three salt-tolerant superior mutant lines (13-3, 32-18 and 22-1) were selected in comparison with their parents (control). Physiological parameters of superior mutant lines (high stomatal conductivity, Fv/Fm, and total chlorophyll) were biochemical (lower Na+/K+ ratio, high proline accumulation, less membrane damage). These superior mutant lines will be introduced as new salt-tolerant rice varieties and sources of plant germplasm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The effect of drought stress and selenium on some morphophysiological characteristics of Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.)
Masoomeh Amerian Alireza zebarjadi javaneh alsadat mehrabiIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress and different levels of selenium on growth and physiological characteristics of the Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications MoreIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress and different levels of selenium on growth and physiological characteristics of the Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at Razi University Research Greenhouse. Experimental treatments consisted of different levels of humidity levels (full irrigation, 25%, 50% and 75% field capacity) and the second factor contained different concentrations of selenium (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate). Foliar application of sodium selenate was performed in two stages. According to the results, drought stress had a negative effect on stem and leaf dry weight, inflorescence fresh weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Selenium increased shoot and leaf dry weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Under drought stress, selenium increased plant height, shoot number, stem fresh weight, leaf number and leaf fresh weight. Selenium increased biological yield, inflorescence dry weight, number of flowers, seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Selenium had a positive effect on stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves. As a result, foliar application of sodium selenate can overcome drought stress and prevents reduce in seed yield. The increase in seed yield in Dragons head may be related to increase in number of flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. Therefore, under drought stress, foliar application of sodium selenate in two stages can prevent or reduce seed yield by reducing the effects of drought stress. Therefore, foliar application of 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate is recommended to reduce the effects of drought stress on the cultivation of Dragons head. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Seasonal and diurnal changes in photochemistry and antioxidant responses, and phenolic metabolism in evergreen Jasminum fruticans
ghader habibiIn this study, seasonal and diurnal changes in photosynthesis and phenolic metabolism in evergreen jasmin (Jasminum fruticans L.) were examined over a 12-month period. We found the differences in pigment and phenolic contents between the values determined during the aut MoreIn this study, seasonal and diurnal changes in photosynthesis and phenolic metabolism in evergreen jasmin (Jasminum fruticans L.) were examined over a 12-month period. We found the differences in pigment and phenolic contents between the values determined during the autumn and winter months and the values determined during the spring and summer months. During the autumn and winter months, the low seasonality of Chla was accompanied by increases in both carotenoids and phenol levels which play a major role in photoprotection processes. While the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) showed diurnal changes during the winter months, such diurnal changes were not observed for the other seasons. These diurnal changes reflected dynamic photoinhibition, as an adaptation mechanism, which may actually protect the leaves against photodamage under cold conditions. During the winter months, increased O–J phase (from the OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence curve) and decreased I–P phase in parallel with the reduction of Fv/Fm, revealed that the cold stress influenced both the donor and acceptor sides of PSII. Interestingly, we found the relationship between diurnal changes of Fv/Fm and those of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and catalase (CAT) activity during the winter months. Diurnal changes in CAT activity represented the differences between the values determined in warm and cold seasons. Compared with the diurnal changes during the spring and summer months, the maximum activity of CAT was observed at 15:00 h during the winter months, which indicated that CAT may play an effective role in protection of photosystems under a high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during cold days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A introduction to the flora of Kahman Aleshtar aera (Lurestan province)
عارفه Hasanvand یونس Asri حسین Lari Yazdi و محمد MehrniaKahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study MoreKahman reserve covers an area of 400 km2 situated in the northeast of Aleshtar. The reserved area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study area are 1600 and 3600 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 554 mm and mean annual temperature is 15.2 ˚C. In this study, 228 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 47 families and 154 genera. Asteraceae with 34 species, Lamiaceae with 25 species, Fabaceae and Poaceae each with 21 species are main families of this area. Life forms using Raunkier method indicates that the therophytes with 45.1 % (101 species) and hemicryptophytes with 33.9 (76 species) are the most frequent life forms. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 49.1 % of species (110 species) belong to Irano – Turanian region. Of these, 25 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - معرفی فلور، اشکال زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان مراتع ییلاقی پلور
شکوفه شکرالهی حمید رضا مرادی قاسمعلی دیانتی تیلکی -
Open Access Article
78 - Introduction of flora, Life from and Plant Geographical distribution of Warsan region in Ashtian (Markazi Province) Iranin
معصومه Khosravy Rine یونس Asri عظیم AbotalebiWarsan region covers an area of 990 hectares situated in east of Ashtian city. The altitude of study area is throught 2042 to 2314M. The amount of annual precipitation of the area is 333/11 mm and mean annual temperature is 11.5oC. The aim of this research was to identi MoreWarsan region covers an area of 990 hectares situated in east of Ashtian city. The altitude of study area is throught 2042 to 2314M. The amount of annual precipitation of the area is 333/11 mm and mean annual temperature is 11.5oC. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant specimenswere collected from the area during growing season in 1387. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 270 species were collected and identified. These species belong to 37 families and 139 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (45 species), Papilionaceae (36 species) Geramineae (22 species) and Apiaceae (19 species). Hemicryptophytes with 127 species (47%) were the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 201 species (74.44%) belong to Irano-Turanian region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - معرفی لیست فلورستیک منطقه سر علی آباد گرگان - ایران
سید علی حسینی -
Open Access Article
80 - Floristic study of Einolkosh area in Kermanshah
مهتاب Shahraki منیژه Pakravan یونس AsriEinolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of th MoreEinolkosh region covers an area of 2000 hectares situated in the southwest of Kermanshah. Minimum and maximum altitudes of study area are 1550 and 1850 m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 430.7mm and mean annual temperature is 15.1˚C. The aim of this research was to identify the plant species, introducing the flora, determination of life forms and geographical distribution of species in the area. For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats of the area during growing seasons in 1385. The biological spectrum of the area was plotted by means of life forms results. The position of the area within Iran’s phytogeography classification was studied based on geographical distribution data. In this study, 156 species are collected and identified. These species belong to 27 families and 118 genera. The following families had the highest number of species: Asteraceae (32 species), Fabaceae (27 species) and Poaceae (14species). Therophytes with 91 species (58.3%) are the most frequent life form. Investigation on geographical distribution of species showed 86 species (55.1 %) belong to Irano–Turanian region. Of these, 12 species are endemics of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Introduction to the flora, life form and geographical distribution of plants in the Nodooshan region (Yazd province)
علی Mirhosseini عباس Zarezadeh ناصر Baghestani مهدی Soltani The Nodooshan region is a part of Sadoogh Township with 109400 hectars. It located in 80 Km West of Yazd city. Its geographical position is 52, 24 to 53, 47 N and 31, 46 to 32, 15 E. The lowest and highest of its heigh are 1529 to 3260 meters and average annual pr More The Nodooshan region is a part of Sadoogh Township with 109400 hectars. It located in 80 Km West of Yazd city. Its geographical position is 52, 24 to 53, 47 N and 31, 46 to 32, 15 E. The lowest and highest of its heigh are 1529 to 3260 meters and average annual precipitation reaches between 109 to 220 mm. Flora of this region includes 282 plant species that belong to 204 genera and 48 families. Plant samples were collected between 1995 to 2005 years. The important families are Asteraceae with 44 species (15.6%), Papilionaceae with 27 species (9.57%), Brassicaceae with 25 species (8.86%) and Lamiaceae with 24 species (8.51%) respectively. Studying of plants life form by Raunkiaar method showed that Hemicryptophytes with 37.94 percent (107 species) are the most frequent life forms. Therophytes with 28.72 and Champhytes with 16.31 percent of species are less important. Investigation on geographical distribution of plants species showed 74.47 percent (210 species) of the species belong to Irano-Touranian region. Other species can be observed in other zone too. From the 282 species of flora this region 55 species (19.5%) are medicinal plants, 32 species (11.35%) endemic of Iran and 3 species endemic of Yazd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Flora, life forms and chorotypes of plants in Khezr Abad, area (Orzank) Yazd province
Gh.R Bakhshi Khaniki, رزا Ghouchani,Khezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species an MoreKhezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species and introduction of the flora in Khezr Abad (Orzanak). For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats, of the area in three growing seasons, spring, summer and autumn of 2004 year and the then were identified by different floras. The life forms of species were determined and the biological spectrum of he area was plotted. The position of the region was studied with respect to phytogeographical classification based on geographical data and references. From 103 identified plant species are 1gymnosperms, 86 dicotyledones and 16 monocotyledones. They belong to 30 families and 86 genera. The following families have the highest number of species: Asteraceae (%20.4), Poaceae (%12.6), Lamiaceae (%9.7), Fabaceae (%8.7) and Rosaceae (%7.8). Hemicryptophytes with 40 species (%38.8) and therophytes with 23 species (%22.3) are the most frequent life forms in the area. The distribution of 71 species (%68.9) is restricted to Irano-Turanian region, 29 species (%28.1) of them are endemics of Iran. Among of endemic species, two species Nepeta gloeocephala and Helichrysum davisianum are endemic of Yazd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - بررسی فلور، شکل زیستی و پراکنش جغرافیایی گیاهان دارویی منطقه خشک و نیمه‌خشک شمال شرق استان گلستان
سیده زهره میردیلمی غلامعلی حشمتی معصومه مازندرانی -
Open Access Article
84 - اثر سویه‌های فلورسنت سودومونادس (Pseudomonas fluorescent) بر وضعیت هورمونی، قندهای محلول و پرولین ذرت تحت تنش خشکی
محمد حسین انصاری محمد رضا اردکانی هادی اسدی رحمانی فرزاد پاک‌نژاد داوود حبیبی -
Open Access Article
85 - Introduction to the flora, Life form and plant geographical distribution of Deh Zaman iron mine in Bardascan (Razavi Khorasan province)
محمدرضا Joharchi مه لقا Ghorbanli فاطمه AsadollahiIn this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by usin MoreIn this survey flora of Deh Zaman iron mine region in Bardascan. has been studied. The method of plant collection in this region was classical method of plant taxonomic studies. Collected plants were recognized and determined families, genera and species of them by using of indispensable references. Alphabetically list of taxa in this region was provided on the base of families and scientific name. Collected plants are transmited to Herbarium of Reserch Center for plant Sciences in Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. The life form of plant species was determined by using of Raunkiaer’s method. The plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including 29 families, 75 genera and 95 species the more species belong to Asteraceae with 12 species. Life forms of plants of Deh Zaman iron mine region are including: 68.42% therophyte and 12.63% hemicryptophyte, 8.42% geophyte, 5.26% chamephyte and 5.26% phanerophyte. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - بررسی فلور و شکل زیستی گیاهان در جنگل‌های طبیعی حوزه آبخیز سراب ایوان در استان ایلام
علی رستمی -
Open Access Article
87 - Revision in Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. et Buhse. and Glaucium vitellinum Boiss. et Buhse in Flora Iranica
افسانه Gran فریبا SharifniaGenus Glaucium Mill. is belongs to Papaveraceae family and included 25 species in the world yet. Iran have about 19 taxa and it is one of the important country for diversity of these plants. There are 11 species in Flora Iranica. G. oxylobum is synonym of G. vitellinum MoreGenus Glaucium Mill. is belongs to Papaveraceae family and included 25 species in the world yet. Iran have about 19 taxa and it is one of the important country for diversity of these plants. There are 11 species in Flora Iranica. G. oxylobum is synonym of G. vitellinum in this flore, while in valid floras and references such as, Flora orientalis, Flore del’Iran and Engler’s Book; there is separated description for these species. Recent research pay attention to micromorphological differences in pollen grains and seeds; also macromorphological and comparative anatomical in viewpoint several vegetative and reproductive organs in G. oxylobum and G. vitellinum is done. Our results in morphological studies showed that there are basic diffrences between two species. Also morphological studies showed that there are basic diffrences between two species. Anatomical studies showed that there are diffrences in several organs in two species such as: stigma, ovary, pedicle, stem and leaf. Our results showed that there are diffrences in qualities and quantities characters in pollen grains and seeds too. Thus separation of these two species is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Revision in Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. in Iran
افسانه Gran فریبا SharifniaGenus Glaucium belongs to papaveraceae. We studied two species of Glaucium. Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. is synonym of Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. & Buhse in Flora Iranica while it is seprated in Flora orientalis, Flora U.S.S.R and Flore DeL’iran. Current res MoreGenus Glaucium belongs to papaveraceae. We studied two species of Glaucium. Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. is synonym of Glaucium oxylobum Boiss. & Buhse in Flora Iranica while it is seprated in Flora orientalis, Flora U.S.S.R and Flore DeL’iran. Current research is large studies in morphological study in vegetative and reproductive organs in two species. For further assurance, comparative anatomic in several organs and micromorphologic technical in pollen and seed and their differences is done. Samples were fresh or herbarium spacimen.Herbarium specimen from Herbarium of Plant Protection Research Institute of Iran and Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch were prepared. Our results indicated that, two species are differented together in morphology, comparative anatomic in several organs and micromorphological study in pollen and seed. In conclusion, two species are distinct, base on other floras and this result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The chorology and identification of medical, rare and endemic species of Doo Abe Aleshtar area Lourestan province, Iran
عارفه Hasanvand,Doo Abe ecology covers an area of 200 km 2 situated in the northwest of Aleshtar. The ecology area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of stud MoreDoo Abe ecology covers an area of 200 km 2 situated in the northwest of Aleshtar. The ecology area presents a variety of habitats, including cliffs and rocky outcrops, piedmont plains, alluvial plains, valleys and aquatic habitats. Minimum and maximum elevations of study area are 1500and 3500m, respectively. Mean annual precipitation of the area is 530mm and mean annual temperature is 15.8C˚. In this study considered the plant biodiversity, medical, rare and endemic species of Doo Abe Aleshtar area. These species collected and identified by current ways in floristic considerations. The flora consideration showed 206 plant species are belong to 40 families and 139 genera. There are 70 medical species in this area. Asteraceae with 33 species, Lamiaceae with 25 species and fabaceae with 20 species are main families of this area. The Life form study using Raunkier method showed the most biological spectrumare are therophytes (40.5%) and hemicriptophytes (29.3%). The threat species identified according to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources and by using Red data Book of Iran. There are three classes of Vulnerable, Lower Risk and data deficient in this area. The great number of them is Lower Risk 5.85% (12 species). The area is consist of 26 species of Iran endemic. According to the chorology consideration of this area 50.5% of plants are belong to Irano-Turanian region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - بررسی اثر انواع مختلف اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی پسته رقم عباسعلی
حسین افشاری مجید پور علی صادق ساجدی حسین حکم آبادی -
Open Access Article
91 - Comparison of the chemical compositions of the essential oils of Spach Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Poir) tree leaves in different stages of phenology in Gilan region
حسین بتولی -
Open Access Article
92 - بررسی نیازهای اکولوژیکی، طیف فلورستیک، فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی Nepeta cataria L. در استان‌های گلستان و مازندران
معصومه مازندرانی محمد قاسمعلی محمد غفوریان -
Open Access Article
93 - بررسی نیازهای اکولوژیکی، اتنوفارماکولوژیکی، ارزیابی فنل و فلاونوییدکل، آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره اندام‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی Stachys inflata Benth. و تهیه طیف فلورستیک گیاهان کوهستان چهارباغ (شمال ایران)
معصومه مازندرانی امیر محمدی -
Open Access Article
94 - Silica photonic crystal fiber structure in order to simplify the process of making them
Ashkan Ghanbari Mehran NikooIn this research, a new structure of photonic crystal fibers(PCFs) will be proposed,in which instead of using the aire- holes in the cladding region, the flourine(2%) doped solid silica rods in order to reduce the problems associated with deformities of air-holes in the MoreIn this research, a new structure of photonic crystal fibers(PCFs) will be proposed,in which instead of using the aire- holes in the cladding region, the flourine(2%) doped solid silica rods in order to reduce the problems associated with deformities of air-holes in the cladding region will be used.Also, in the following, a few of the propagation charactristics of the proposed Photonic Crystal Fiber with a conventional silica Photonic Crystal Fiber such as, Normalized frequency,effective refractive index,total dispersion and higher order dispersions ( Group velocity dispersion and Third Order Dispersion) will be analyzed and compared. Finally it will be observed that, the proposed PCF structure is much simpler than the conventional one in the fabrication process. But they are not suitable for femtosecond solitons propagation .Also, it will be shown that, the situation of the conventional Photonic Crystal Fiber is much better than the proposed structure in the femtosecond optical solitons propagation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Experimental study of modulus of elasticity of Alkali-activated concrete based on XRF and SEM tests
Mohammadhossein Mansourghanaei Morteza Biklaryan Alireza MardookhpourIn this research, firstly, three mix designs of alkali-activated concrete containing 92, 96, and 100% blast furnace slag and 8, 4, and 0% nano-silica were made. After performing the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity tests and choosing one design as the opti MoreIn this research, firstly, three mix designs of alkali-activated concrete containing 92, 96, and 100% blast furnace slag and 8, 4, and 0% nano-silica were made. After performing the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity tests and choosing one design as the optimal design in terms of superior mechanical properties, by adding 1 and 2% polyolefin fibers to the optimal design, two more designs of alkali-activated concrete were made. All concrete samples were subjected to compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, XRF and SEM tests. The results of the tests exhibited superiority in mechanical and microstructural properties of the alkali-activated concrete compared to normal concrete at all processing ages. At the processing age of 90 days (as the best age in performance due to the progress of the chemical process), following the compressive strength test, the lowest (49.94 MPa) and the highest (66.36 MPa) compressive strength values were obtained, respectively, for design 1 including Normal concrete and design 4 including alkai-activated concrete containing 8% nanosilica. At the same processing age, the lowest (32.44 GPa) and the highest (42.51 GPa) modulus of elasticity were achieved in design 1 and 6 of the alkali-activated concrete containing 8% nano-silica and 2% polyolefin fibers, respectively. At this age, addition of 8% nano-silica and 2% fibers in the alkali-activated concrete of design 6 resulted in a decrease of 22.49% in the compressive strength and an improvement of 7.05% in the modulus of elasticity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Experimental Study of Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Based on XRF and SEM Analysis
Mohammadhossein Mansourghanaei Morteza Biklaryan Alireza MardookhpourIn this research, three mixing designs were made of geopolymer concrete containing 92, 96 and 100% composite blast-furnace slag including 8, 4 and 0% nanosilica, respectively. After performing the compressive strength test and selecting one of these three designs a MoreIn this research, three mixing designs were made of geopolymer concrete containing 92, 96 and 100% composite blast-furnace slag including 8, 4 and 0% nanosilica, respectively. After performing the compressive strength test and selecting one of these three designs as the optimal design in terms of superior mechanical properties, by adding 1 and 2% of polyolefin fibers to the optimal design, two more designs were made of geopolymer concrete. Concrete specimens were subjected to compressive strength tests (at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing), XRF (at 7 days of curing), and SEM (at 90 days of curing). The results were evaluated and compared with the results of a mixing design made of ordinary concrete containing Portland cement. The results of the analyses in this research exhibited the superiority in mechanical and microstructural properties of the geopolymer concrete in comparison with the ordinary concrete at all ages. At the 90-day curing age, as the best age in terms of performance, the minimum (62.43 MPa) and maximum (82.96 MPa) compressive strength values were obtained in designs 1 and 4, respectively. At this age, adding up to 8% nanosilica in geopolymer concrete enhanced the compressive strength up to 21.94% and adding up to 2% of fibers reduced the compressive strength up to 22.49% in this type of concrete. The results of XRF and SEM analyses overlapped with each other and were in accordance with the results of the compressive strength test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - تأثیر باکتریهای محرک رشد و قارچ تریکودرما بر جوانه‌زنی بالنگو (Lallemantia royleana L)تحت تنش شوری
زهرا مرادیان فرشته آزادبخت حشمت امیدی رحیم بازمکانی -
Open Access Article
98 - Effect of Olive Leaf and Oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens
Neda Sadeghi ronizi seamak parsaei vahid mohammadiThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 tre MoreThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of olive leaf and oregano supplement on performance, oxidation and microbial flora of breast broiler chickens. For this, 400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments include; control, 5 g olive leaf, 5 g oregano, 5 g mixture of olive leaf and oregano and 50 g erythromycin . At 42 day of age, four birds from each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Finally, carcass characteristics were evaluated. To determine oxidation by measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde and for the number of breast meat bacteria per unit colony formation per gram of meat, samples were extracted from the breast tissue of the chickens and stored at 4 ° C. The results showed that a significant reduction in FCR was observed in the birds fed ERY compared to Control group (P < 0.04). Relative breast weight in control birds was low compared to other treatments (P <0.002). Lipid oxidation showed a significant difference between treatments on days 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 during storage in the refrigerator (P < 0.05). Also, the erythromycin bacteria in breast meat up to day 8 of storage in the refrigerator was affected by the experimental treatments (P <0.05). Overall, the use of a mixture of 5 g of olive leaf and oregano improves the quantity and quality of broiler chickens by reducing the oxidation and TVC bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - مطالعه فلور منطقه قیصری استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با 179 گونه گیاه دارویی
حمزه علی شیرمردی اصغر شاهرخی حسین محمدی نجف آبادی محمود طالبیمقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آن­ها از Moreمقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آن­ها از جنبه در خطر انقراض بودن و معرفی منطقه به عنوان یکی از کلیدی ترین مناطق از نظر اولویت حفاظتی انجام شد.روش بررسی: برای بررسی پوشش گیاهی با گذر از کلیه راه­های قابل عبور و صعود به ارتفاعات و انجام گشت های متعدد در محدوده منطقه، در فصل رویش (اردیبهشت تا مهر) در سال 1388 نمونه های گیاهی جمع آوری، پرس و با استفاده از فلورها و کتب مرجع و متخصصان علم گیاهشناسی، نام علمی آن­ها تعیین شد. در این تحقیق برای بررسی گونه های دارویی منطقه از اطلاعات اهالی منطقه و منابع موجود در زمینه گیاهان دارویی، برای تعیین گونه های نادر و در حال انقراض منطقه از معیارهای استاندارد استفاده شده است.نتایج و بحث: به طور کلی در منطقه مورد مطالعه تعداد 65 خانواده با 301 جنس و 487 گونه وجود دارد. از بین 487 گونه ذکر شده در منطقه حدود 179 گونه آن (یعنی حدود 76/36% گونه ها) دارویی هستند. نام این گونه ها در منابع و متون معتبر گیاهان دارویی کشور به ثبت رسیده و یا این­ که به طور سنتی اهالی منطقه و یا استان، آن­ها را جهت مصارف گوناگون دارویی و موارد مشابه به کار می گیرند. 86 گونه در خطر انقراض در این منطقه شناسایی شد که همه آن­ها متعلق به ایران- تورانی می­باشد. از 86 گونه فوق، 67 گونه در طبقه کمتر در خطر، 3 گونه در طبقه آسیب پذیر، 2 گونه در طبقه در معرض خطر و 14 گونه اطلاعات در باره آن­ها ناکافی است. از 86 گونه در خطر انقراض، 33 گونه آن به نوعی دارویی می باشند که از این 33 عدد، 25 گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با خطر کمتر، پنج گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با کمبود اطلاعات، یک گونه آن از گونه های آسیب پذیر و دو گونه آن متعلق به گونه های در معرض خطر می باشد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به تنوع زیاد منطقه و هم­چنین حضور گونه های در خطر انقراض و دارویی، مدیریت صحیح منطقه خصوصاً مدیریت چرای دام امری ضروری به نظر رسیده و منطقه مورد نظر می‌بایستی در اولویت حفاظت دستگاه­های مسئول قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - مطالعه مقدماتی گونه های گیاهی دارویی شهرستان کازرون در استان فارس
مهدی دولتخواهی مهدی یوسفی جواد باقرنژاد علی دولتخواهیمقدمه و هدف: شهرستان کازرون با مساحت تقریبی 4060 کیلومتر مربع در 110 کیلومتری غرب شهر شیراز (مرکز استان فارس، ایران) واقع شده است. این منطقه از نظر تنوع زیستی گونه های گیاهی حائز اهمیت است، زیرا زیستگاه­هایی از قبیل تالاب بین المللی پریشان در جنوب شرقی، جنگل های بلو Moreمقدمه و هدف: شهرستان کازرون با مساحت تقریبی 4060 کیلومتر مربع در 110 کیلومتری غرب شهر شیراز (مرکز استان فارس، ایران) واقع شده است. این منطقه از نظر تنوع زیستی گونه های گیاهی حائز اهمیت است، زیرا زیستگاه­هایی از قبیل تالاب بین المللی پریشان در جنوب شرقی، جنگل های بلوط (Quercus persica) در شرق و انشعابات رودخانه شاپور در غرب این شهر قرار گرفته است. بنابراین با توجه به قدمت تاریخی این شهرستان و تنوع زیستی بالای گونه های گیاهی، در این پژوهش گیاهان آوندی دارویی در شهرستان کازرون و مراتع اطراف آن پس از جمع آوری و شناسایی از لحاظ کاربردهای دارویی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.روش تحقیق: برای این منظور نمونه های گیاهی بسیاری طی فصول رویشی بین سال های 1386 تا 1389 جمع آوری شدند و به صورت نمونه های هرباریومی استاندارد تهیه شدند. نمونه ها با استفاده از منابع در دسترس شناسایی شدند و در هرباریوم های مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل­ها و مراتع و دانشگاه پیام نور نگهداری شدند. اشکال زیستی و موقعیت کورولوژی آن ها نیز مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.نتایج و بحث: بر طبق نتایج به دست آمده 90 گونه گیاهی دارویی متعلق به 87 جنس و 39 خانواده در منطقه شناسایی شد. بیشترین گونه­های دارویی در خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) با 11 گونه و سپس خانواده آفتابگردان (Asteraceae) با 9 گونه قرار داشتند. بزرگترین جنس نیز جنس بارهنگ (Plantago) با 3 گونه بود. بنابراین وجود 90 گونه گیاهی دارویی نشان دهنده تنوع زیستی بالای منطقه است. از طرفی یافته­های این پژوهش با شرایط منطقه که دارای ویژگی های یک اقلیم نیمه خشک با تابستان­های خشک و میزان کم بارندگی می باشد، کاملاً منطبق است.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به پوشش گیاهی غنی منطقه از نظر گیاهان دارویی و توجه مردم به استفاده از گیاهان نظیر خار مریم، علف مار، خارشتر و غیره نتایج این تحقیق می تواند در آینده کاربرد صنعتی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - تحلیلی بر منابع ژئواکونومیک با محوریت کانی استراتژیک فلوراسپار
سید مسعود مسعودی عزت الله عزتی نعمت ا... رشیدنژاد عمران -
Open Access Article
102 - Studying and assessing the origin and structure of Parthian (Clinky) wares in Kordestan province and performing comparative experiments with clay samples taken from Hashemiz village
Hassam alddin Shahidi Hamedani Aliasghar Mirfattah Babak ZhalehTaking into account the appropriate conditions and geographical distribution in Kurdistan province, twenty pieces of Clinky pottery were selected by survey method and also by referring to the pottery bank of the cities of this province. Clay samples were also collected MoreTaking into account the appropriate conditions and geographical distribution in Kurdistan province, twenty pieces of Clinky pottery were selected by survey method and also by referring to the pottery bank of the cities of this province. Clay samples were also collected from Hashemiz village of Kurdistan province for testing and elemental analysis, with the aim of obtaining production technology and identifying the origin of this type of pottery. Experiments included X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA / TG), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. With the exception of one sample, the analyzes obtained represented a homogeneous chemical and mineralogical group. The observed mineralogical phases were quartz, mica (biotite), potassium feldspar (microcline) and plagioclase (albite and oligocles). From the study of XRD experiments, two samples of native clay of this region, the presence of quartz, kaolinite, mica, feldspar and plagioclase were observed. The presence of a heat sink in differential thermal analysis (DTA / TG) in the control sample and its absence in the sample curve of the pottery showed that the firing temperature of the pottery was higher than 550-600 ° C; This temperature is the stage of transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite. Baking experiments at temperatures between 400-1200 ° C in the reduction medium showed that the mica mineral disappears at temperatures above 900 ° C. Therefore, the firing temperature of pottery should be between 600-900 degrees Celsius. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - روش‌های تعیین جنسیت جنین در پرورش گاو: مروری
و. ساچان ب. کومار جی. کومار آگراوال آ. کومار آ. ساکسنابخشهای مختلف پرورش چارپایان اهلی همانند صنایع گوشتی از تولید حیوانات نر سود می‌برند، اگرچه صنایع لبنی از تولید شیر توسط حیوانات ماده سود می‌برد. بنابراین، نیاز به تولید حیوانات دارای جنس مطلوب مورد نیاز است، اگرچه می‌تواند توسط پیش تعیین جنسیت جنین در رحم در زمان آبستن Moreبخش‌های مختلف پرورش چارپایان اهلی همانند صنایع گوشتی از تولید حیوانات نر سود می‌برند، اگرچه صنایع لبنی از تولید شیر توسط حیوانات ماده سود می‌برد. بنابراین، نیاز به تولید حیوانات دارای جنس مطلوب مورد نیاز است، اگرچه می‌تواند توسط پیش تعیین جنسیت جنین در رحم در زمان آبستنی انجام شود، بدین معنی که پیش‌تعیین جنسیت ممکن است از اهمیت اقتصادی زیادی برخوردار باشد. کنترل نسبت جنسیت توسط پیش‌بینی جنسی رویان پیش از لانه‌گزینی سودمند خواهد بود، نه تنها در رابطه با جنبه مدیریتی، تولید و برنامه‌های پرورشی چارپایان اهلی، بلکه همچنین در تشخیص ناهنجاری‌های ژنتیکی در مرحله قبل از تولد. تعیین جنسیت پیش از لانه‌گزینی رویان‌ها نه تنها کارایی انتقال جنین را بهبود می‌دهد، بلکه همچنین انتقال جنین‌های با جنسیت مطلوب را تسهیل می‌کند. اسپرم طبقه‌بندی شده جنسی یکی از تکنیک‌های است که این نیاز را برآورده می‌کند اما بسیار گران و با کارایی کمتر است. مفهومی دیگر از حیوانات بهبود یافته ژنتیکی با جنس مطللوب تعیین جنسیت جنین است. تعیین جنسیت جنین پتانسیل بالایی برای حداکثر‌سازی بهره‌وری تولید لبنی از طریق کنترل نسبت جنسیت گونههای اهلی دارد. روش‌های بسیاری برای تعیین جنس جنین دسته‌بندی شده به عنوان تکنیک‌های تهاجمی و غیر تهاجمی با کارایی و شایستگی‌های متنوع وجود دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - اثرات نعناع و آلوئه ورا بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجههای گوشتی در مقایسه با آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد
ب. دارابی‌قانع ف. میرزایی آقچه قشلاق ب. نوید شاد ع. مهدوی ا. زارعی س. ناهاشوناین تحقیق به منظور مقایسه اثرات دو گیاه دارویی (نعناع و آلوئه ورا) و آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر (راس 308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و هر تیمار شامل 5 تک Moreاین تحقیق به منظور مقایسه اثرات دو گیاه دارویی (نعناع و آلوئه ورا) و آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد بر جمعیت میکروفلورای ایلئوم و عملکرد رشد در جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. در این آزمایش از 375 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر (راس 308) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و هر تیمار شامل 5 تکرار و 15 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره شاهد ( جیره پایه بدون هیچ افزودنی)، 2) جیره پایه + 10 گرم/کیلوگرم برگ خشک شده نعناع، 3) جیره پایه + 10 گرم/کیلوگرم ژل آلوئه ورا، 4) جیره پایه + 5 گرم/کیلوگرم برگ خشک شده نعناع + 5 گرم/کیلوگرم ژل آلوئه ورا و 5) جیره پایه + 10 پی‌پی‌ام آنتی‌بیوتیک ویرجینیامایسین بودند. پارامترهای عملکرد رشد برای دوره‌های آغازین، رشد و پایانی و جمعیت باکتریهای لاکتوباسیلوس و اشرشیاکلی در روز 42 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. بیشترین تعداد باکتریهای لاکتوباسیلوس در ایلئوم جوجههای تغذیه شده با خوراک حاوی مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا مشاهده شد (05/0>P). جوجههای دریافت‌کننده مکمل گیاهان دارویی، کمترین جمعیت اشرشیاکلی را در مقایسه با جوجههای شاهد داشتند (05/0>P). جوجههای تغذیه شده با آنتی‌بیوتیک خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و درصد لاشه بیشتری نسبت به جوجههای شاهد و جوجههای تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی را بدست آوردند و جوجههای تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن بدن و درصد لاشه بالاتری نسبت به جوجههای شاهد را دارا بودند (05/0>P). جوجههای تغذیه شده با خوراک حاوی مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا عملکرد رشد و درصد لاشه بهتری را داشتند. این مطالعه بیانگر آن است که استفاده از مخلوط برگ خشک شده نعناع و ژل آلوئه ورا بعنوان مکمل خوراک جوجههای گوشتی می‌تواند جایگزینی برای آنتی‌بیوتیک محرک رشد باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - تأثیر جایگزینهای آنتیبیوتیکی بر فلور میکروبی و صفات بافتی روده جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره بر پایه گندم
ح. هاشمی پور ح. کرمانشاهی ا. گلیان ا. راجیاین آزمایش به منظور مطالعه تأثیر آنزیم و ترکیبات فعال فیتوژنیکی (گیاهی) بر جمعیت میکروبی ایلئوم و صفات بافتی ایلئوم و ژژنوم جوجه‏های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره گندم، گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 2 با 2 سطح آنزیم اندوفید W (صفر و 05/0 درصد) و سه سطح Moreاین آزمایش به منظور مطالعه تأثیر آنزیم و ترکیبات فعال فیتوژنیکی (گیاهی) بر جمعیت میکروبی ایلئوم و صفات بافتی ایلئوم و ژژنوم جوجه‏های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره گندم، گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل 3 × 2 با 2 سطح آنزیم اندوفید W (صفر و 05/0 درصد) و سه سطح تیمول + کارواکرول (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی‏گرم به ازای کیلوگرم) انجام شد. هر یک از 6 جیره آزمایشی به 5 تکرار 12 جوجه‏ای، از صفر تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شد. اضافه کردن آنزیم و تیمول + کارواکرول به جیره گندم، جمعیت لاکتوباسیلوس را افزایش و اشرشیاکلی را کاهش داد در حالی‌که بر جمعیت بیفیدوباکتریوم تأثیری نداشت. بافت‏شناسی ژژنوم در 24 روزگی نشان داد که افزودن آنزیم به جیره گندم، ارتفاع پرز، سطح پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش داده در حالی‌که عرض پرز را در مقایسه با جیره کنترل کاهش می‏دهد. تیمول + کارواکرول در جیره گندم، ارتفاع پرز، مساحت پرز، نسبت ارتفاع پرز به عمق کریپت و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش داده اما تأثیری بر عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و لایه ماهیچه‏ای نداشت. نتایج اندازه‏گیری‏های ژژنومی در 42 روزگی نشان داد که آنزیم، ارتفاع پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش می‌دهد، اگرچه عرض پرز در مقایسه با جیره کنترل کاهش می‌یابد. بافت‏شناسی ایلئوم در 24 روزگی مشخص کرد که آنزیم، ارتفاع پرز، مساحت پرز و تعداد سلول‌های گابلت را افزایش می‌دهد اما عرض پرز، عمق کریپت، ضخامت لایه مخاطی و ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای را تحت تأثیر قرار نمی‌دهد. اثر تیمول + کارواکرول بر بافت‏شناسی ایلئومی در 24 روزگی الگویی مشابه با آنزیم داشت. در 42 روزگی، اندازه‌گیری‏های ایلئومی نشان داد که مکمل آنزیمی به طور معنی‌داری ارتفاع پرز و عمق کریپت را افزایش می‌دهد. تیمول + کارواکرول موجب افزایش ارتفاع پرز و مساحت پرز می‌شود. بنابراین، افزودن آنزیم و تیمول + کارواکرول می‏تواند با افزایش جمعیت میکروبی مفید و کاهش باکتریهای بیماری‏زا وضعیت میکروبی روده را تعدیل نماید و ساختار مخاطی ژژنوم و ایلئومی را از طریق افزایش ارتفاع پرز، سطح پرز و سلول‌های گابلت، بهبود بخشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - اثر اسیدی فایرها بر ویژگی های دستگاه گوارش و عملکرد جوجه های گوشتی
س. یخکشی پ. شورنگ س. رحیمیاثر Selko-pH (1 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر آب آشامیدنی)، Termin-8 (2 کیلوگرم در تن) و Neogermicin (2 لیتر در تن) بر pH دستگاه گوارش، جمعیت میکروبی، قابلیت هضم و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی مطالعه شد. کمترین مصرف خوراک در کل دوره مربوط به جوجه‌هایی بود که جیره حاوی Selko دریافت کردند ( Moreاثر Selko-pH (1 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر آب آشامیدنی)، Termin-8 (2 کیلوگرم در تن) و Neogermicin (2 لیتر در تن) بر pH دستگاه گوارش، جمعیت میکروبی، قابلیت هضم و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی مطالعه شد. کمترین مصرف خوراک در کل دوره مربوط به جوجه‌هایی بود که جیره حاوی Selko دریافت کردند (05/0P<). بیشترین افزایش وزن در 22 تا 42 روزگی و کل دوره مربوط به جوجه‌هایی که Neogermicin دریافت کردند و گروه شاهد بود (05/0P<). بیشترین و کمترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در 22 تا 42 روزگی و کل دوره به ترتیب متعلق به گروه کنترل و گروهی بود که Neogermicin دریافت کردند (05/0P<). افزودن اسیدی‌فایر به جیره جمعیت باکتریهای اسیدلاکتیکی را افزایش و تعداد کلی‌فرم‌ها را در سنین مختلف کاهش داد. گروه شاهد و پرندگانی که Neogermicin دریافت کردند به ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک و انرژی خام را داشتند. pH در قسمت‌های مختلف دستگاه گوارش با افزودن اسیدی‌فایر بر جیره نسبت به گروه شاهد کاهش یافت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که افزودن اسیدی‌فایر بر جیره سبب بهبود میکروفلور روده با کاهش دادن pH روده می‌شود. قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی و انرژی با افزودن اسیدی‌فایر بهتر می‌شود. در بین اسیدی‌فایرها Selko کمترین اثر را داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - تأثیر افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C به جیره بر خصوصیات لاشه، مرفولوژی روده و فلور میکروبی ایلئوم جوجههای گوشتی مواجه شده با تنش گرمایی مزمن
H. Hajati A. Hassanabadi A.G. Golian H. Nassiri-Moghaddam M.R. Nassiriاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C بر خصوصیات لاشه، مرفولوژی روده، و فلور میکروبی ایلنوم جوجههای گوشتی مواجه شده با تنش گرمایی مزمن انجام شد. جیرههای آزمایشی شامل یک جیره کنترل (بدون افزودنی)، 3 سطح عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300، 450 میلی Moreاین مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C بر خصوصیات لاشه، مرفولوژی روده، و فلور میکروبی ایلنوم جوجههای گوشتی مواجه شده با تنش گرمایی مزمن انجام شد. جیرههای آزمایشی شامل یک جیره کنترل (بدون افزودنی)، 3 سطح عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300، 450 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم جیره) و ویتامین C (300 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم جیره، به عنوان کنترل مثبت) بودند. هر کدام از پنج جیره به جوجههای گوشتی کاب 500 در 5 تکرار و 12 جوجه در هر تکرار از سن 1 تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شدند. پرنده‌ها از سن 29 تا 42 روزگی روزانه 5 ساعت با تنش گرمایی مزمن با دمای 1 ± 34 درجه سانتی‌گراد و رطوبت نسبی 70-65 درصد مواجه شدند. افزودن عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C به جیره پایه درصد وزن نسبی لاشه خوردنی، سینه، ران + ساق، کبد، سنگدان خالی و چربی محوطه شکمی را تحت تأثیر قرار نداد. به علاوه قبل و بعد از تنش گرمایی طول نسبی دئودنوم، ژژنوم، ایلئوم جوجه‌ها در مقایسه با گروه شاهد تغییر معنی‌داری نشان نداد. استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور و ویتامین C در جیره سبب تفاوت معنی‌دار در ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای ژژنوم، ارتفاع پرز، عرض پرز و عمق کریپت پرنده‌ها قبل از تنش گرمایی شد. افزودن عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C تأثیر معنی‌داری بر ضخامت لایه ماهیچه‌ای ژژنوم، عرض پرز، عمق کریپت و نسبت پرز: کریپت جوجه های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی نداشت (42 روزگی). اما، جوجههای گوشتی تغذییه شده با جیره حاوی عصاره هسته انگور پرز طویل‌تری نسبت به گروه شاهد در سن 42 روزگی داشتند (05/0<P). افزودن عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C جمعیت کلی فرم‌ها و اشرشیاکلی ایلئوم جوجههای گوشتی را قبل از شرایط تنش گرمایی کاهش داد (28 روزگی). تحت شرایط تنش گرمایی مزمن، جمعیت کلی فرم‌ها و اشرشیاکلی در ایلئوم جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با عصاره هسته انگور در مقایسه با پرنده‌های شاهد بیشتر بود (05/0<P). بنابراین ما عصاره هسته انگور را به عنوان یک منبع جدید مکمل عصاره گیاهی برای استفاده در جیره جوجههای گوشتی برای بهبود ارتفاع پرز ژژنوم و کاهش باکتریهای مضر در ایلئوم پرنده‌ها قبل و حین شرایط تنش گرمایی مزمن پیشنهاد می‌کنیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - بررسی پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای به عنوان یک خوراک نامتعارف در تغذیه جوجههای گوشتی
م.ر. پورعلمی س. سیفی ع.ر. عبدالهی کاکرودی ر. خوشبختپروتئین تک یاخته‌ای تعریفی برای سلول‌های خشک شده‌ای است که از ارگانیسم‌های تک سلولی تشکیل شده‌اند و به عنوان منبع پروتئینی در غذاهای انسان یا خوراک حیوانات مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. آزمایشی برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای بر روی میکروفلور مدفوع و صفا Moreپروتئین تک یاخته‌ای تعریفی برای سلول‌های خشک شده‌ای است که از ارگانیسم‌های تک سلولی تشکیل شده‌اند و به عنوان منبع پروتئینی در غذاهای انسان یا خوراک حیوانات مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. آزمایشی برای ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای بر روی میکروفلور مدفوع و صفات تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. در مجموع 192 جوجه یکروزه نر نژاد راس 308، به صورت تصادفی به 4 تیمار تقسیم شدند. هر تیمار شامل 48 پرنده و 4 تکرار 12 قطعه‌ای بود. از روز اول پرورش، جوجه‌ها با یک جیره غذایی بر پایه ذرت و سویا به همراه سطوح مختلف پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای (0، 5، 10 و 15 درصد جیره) تغذیه شدند. در روز 47 دوره پرورش، چهار پرنده از هر تیمار به صورت تصادفی برای کشتار و مطالعه میکروبی انتخاب شدند. تعداد کل باکتریهای هوازی، لاکتوباسیل‌ها و کولی فرم‌های روده در تیمارهای مختلف، تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای در سطوح 10 و 15 درصد باعث تلفات بالا شد. همچنین استفاده از پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای، تأثیرات نامطلوبی بر وزن‌گیری، مصرف غذا و بازده خوراک داشت. در نتیجه، اگر چه استفاده از پروتئین تک یاخته‌ای باعث کاهش قیمت جیره شد، اما تأثیرات نامطلوبی بر عملکرد پرندگان داشت. Manuscript profile -
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109 - اثر پرتوتابی بیم الکترون بر جمعیت میکروبی، مورفولوژی روده، قابلیت هضم ایلیومی و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی
س. یخکشی ش. رحیمی پ. شورنگتعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه کاپ 500 به‌صورت تصادفی بین پنج تیمار، پنج تکرار و در هر تکرار 15 جوجه تقسیم شدند. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد (جیره پرتوتابی نشده)، و جیره پرتوتابی شده با دزهای 3، 5 و 7 کیلوگری بود. ترکیبات شیمیایی جیره تحت تاثیر پرتوتابی قرار Moreتعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه کاپ 500 به‌صورت تصادفی بین پنج تیمار، پنج تکرار و در هر تکرار 15 جوجه تقسیم شدند. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد (جیره پرتوتابی نشده)، و جیره پرتوتابی شده با دزهای 3، 5 و 7 کیلوگری بود. ترکیبات شیمیایی جیره تحت تاثیر پرتوتابی قرار نگرفت. پرتوتابی در دزهای 5 و 7 کیلوگری سبب حذف کامل بار میکروبی جیره شد (05/0P<) و با افزایش دز پرتوتابی جمعیت باکتریهای هوازی و کلی‌فرم‌ها در ایلیوم و سکوم در روزهای 14، 28 و 42 دوره پرورش کاهش یافت (0001/0; Q: P<001/0L: P<). جمعیت کل کلی‌فرم‌ها در ایلیوم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش کاهش معنی‌داری داشت (0001/0Q: P<). به‌استثنای لاکتوباسیلوس در ایلیوم، جمعیت لاکتوباسیلوس‌های دستگاه گوارش در روز 42 دوره پرورش با افزایش دز بیم الکترون کاهش یافت. افزایش خطی در ارتفاع پرزهای دودنوم، ژژنوم و ایلیوم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش مشاهده شد. افزایش خطی و کاهش خطی در نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در ژژنوم به‌ترتیب در روزهای 21 و 42 دوره پرورش مشاهده شد (05/0P<). نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در دودنوم و ژژنوم به صورت خطی با افزایش دز بیم الکترون افزایش یافت (001/0Q: P<). مقدار خوراک مصرفی، مرگ‌و‌میر، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی بین تیمارهای مختلف در دوره 1 تا 12 و 14 تا 28 تفاوتی نداشت. طی کل دوره پرورش و دوره 28 تا 42 افزایش وزن بدن به صورت افزایشی (001/0Q: P<) و ضریب تبدیل غذایی به صورت کاهشی (01/0Q: P<) با افزایش دز بیم ارتباط داشت. قابلیت هضم ایلیومی ماده خشک، ماده آلی، عصاره اتری، انرژی خام و انرژی قابل متابولیسم با افزایش دز بیم الکترون افزایش یافت (001/0Q: P<). نتایج نشان داد که پرتوتابی جیره با بیم الکترون سبب کاهش بار کلی‌فرم‌ها و زیاد شدن باکتریهای تولیدکننده اسید لاکتیک می‌شود. در ضمن قابلیت هضم ایلیومی، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل با پرتوتابی بیم الکترون بهبود می‌یابد. Manuscript profile -
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110 - A zwitterion metal-organic framework for Fluoride removal from aqueous solution
Mostafa Aliakbari mahdi Borghei Roya Mafi GholamiAbstract: Excess fluoride is one of the water pollutants in the world, which is removed from the water by chemical methods to produce sludge, and other methods such as R.O. also have problems in electricity consumption and wastewater disposal. Metal-organic complexes ar MoreAbstract: Excess fluoride is one of the water pollutants in the world, which is removed from the water by chemical methods to produce sludge, and other methods such as R.O. also have problems in electricity consumption and wastewater disposal. Metal-organic complexes are one of the newest adsorbents used in the separation of anions. In this study, MOF 1 was used to remove fluoride from aqueous solution. Existing factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent amount and temperature were examined. Based on the results, the MOF synthesized in acidic media absorbs more fluoride ions. Contact time of up to 20 minutes has a significant effect on the removal of fluoride ions and then its effect is greatly reduced. The amount of adsorbent used is up to saturation and the water environment has no significant effect on the absorption of fluoride ions. Also, the results of kinetic studies confirm the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for fluoride adsorption reactions in the presence of MOF1. Also in this research, zinc metal is used as a zebrafish as a central metal with the aim of reducing the environmental MOF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - .
niloofar sadat abdollahi -
Open Access Article
112 - Effect of Seed Inoculation with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Yield and Growth faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at the Different Values of Phosphorus Fertilizers
Peyman Sharifi Zeinab MaghbolKerdar This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculation More This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculationand uninoculation) and six levels of phosphate fertilizer from super phosphate triple source (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha). Pseudomonas effect was significant on pod length, number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P≤ 0.01). Effect of phosphate fertilizer was significant on number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P≤ 0.01). Interaction effects of two factors were significant on all of the studied traits except of harvest index (P≤ 0.01). The highest value of phosphorous seed content (355 ppm) was observed in combination treatment of 150 kg P/ha and Pseudomonas inoculation. Seed yield was 3893.3 kg/ha in combination of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha), which there was no significant differences with 120 and 150 kg P/ha. This fertilizer combination increased 38 percent seed yield in comparison to 90 kg/ha phosphate fertilizer and uninoculation of Pseudomonas bacteria. Overall, the inoculation with Pseudomonas bacteria and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha) could achieve seed yield potential, reduce the adverse environmental impacts and save the P-fertilizer utilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The effects of irrigation periods and soil texture on fruits number, vascular transport defect of ovule (seed) and fruits blankness in two pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars
farkhondeh rezanejad Najmeh Hosseini Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadiThe vascular system allows plants to rapidly transport water and nutrients over long distances between roots and other plant parts. It also provides mechanical support for the plant body. In this study, the effect of soil texture (light and heavy) and irrigation periods MoreThe vascular system allows plants to rapidly transport water and nutrients over long distances between roots and other plant parts. It also provides mechanical support for the plant body. In this study, the effect of soil texture (light and heavy) and irrigation periods (24 and 48 days) were assayed on vascular transport defect of ovules and fruits blankness in two pistachio cultivars (Kalehghoochi and Ahmadaghae). Eight weeks after flowering, some branches were kept in disodium fluorescein solution. Then, the small fruits were sectioned by hand and studied with fluorescence microscopy for vascular defect. The rate of fruit blankness was determined at harvest time too. Overall levels of developed ovules (fruits) in each inflorescence as well as fruit blankness were studied. The fruits numbers were higher in shorter irrigation period (24 days) and heavy soil compared with longer irrigation period (48 days) and light soil. Also, the rate of vascular transport defect in ovules as well as fruit blankness were higher too. These results can be attributed to the higher number of fruits produced in high water availability and heavy soil, as optimal condition, and in results, their stronger competition for fruit filling. It was also shown that in comparison with Ahmadaghaee cultivar, the Kaleghoochi cultivar mostly through the vascular transport blocking in developing ovules (seeds) is resulted in blankness of fruits. Vascular transport defects can occur transiently and be repaired by the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Histological study of seed development in Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae)
fahimeh mokhtari elham mohajel kazemi mina kazemian mahboubeh aliasgharpour ali movafeghiThe study of embryonic and endosperm development in different plant species is important from a phylogenetic and systematic point of view. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological evaluation of seed development in Tribulus terrestris L. by micros MoreThe study of embryonic and endosperm development in different plant species is important from a phylogenetic and systematic point of view. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological evaluation of seed development in Tribulus terrestris L. by microscopic analysis. Samples were studied at different developmental stages after fixation by different histological techniques. The results showed that the ovules were anatropous, bilayer and axially placentation. Endosperm was observed in the early stages, which was a nuclear type that changed to a cell type during embryonic development. In the latest stages, remnants of the endosperm were observed as a net-like structure around the cotyledons. According to histological studies, divisions occurred faster in the basal cell than in the apical cell. The suspender was completely degenerated during the torpedo embryo stage. According to cyto-chemical studies, accumulation of starch grains in the seed coat was observed in the early stages of embryonic development. Moreover in the mature embryo, storage components contained protein bodies and lipid compounds. The seed coat consists of two layers, the outer layer of which contains calcium oxalate crystals. Fluorescent microscopic analysis showed that a cumulative lipid nature of waxes was observed in the grain. It seems that the study of features such as the pattern of organ formation in this plant can be effective in understanding the heterogeneity between species of the Zygophyllaceae family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Effect of quartz filler with fluoride-containing barium aluminosilicate on the mechanical properties of light-cured dental composites based on Bis-GMA/UDMA/TEGDMA
babak akbari Sahar Vahedi Maryam Jamshidi Farhood Najafi: In this project, a dental composite has been prepared using Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA resins along with quartz and barium aluminosilicate fillers containing fluoride. After the fabrication stage, FTIR tests were performed to study the surface modification of fillers, More: In this project, a dental composite has been prepared using Bis-GMA, UDMA, and TEGDMA resins along with quartz and barium aluminosilicate fillers containing fluoride. After the fabrication stage, FTIR tests were performed to study the surface modification of fillers, UTM to determine the flexural strength and stiffness test. Then, SEM images were obtained from the fracture surfaces of the bending test. The results of the UTM test were about 23% higher than the standard level of ISO4049 (93MPa) and the hardness test result was 84.4 HV, which is in the acceptable range for dental composites. FTIR peaks related to quartz and barium silicate glass systems showed the success of the silanization process in these two systems. In general, it seems that the composition prepared in this study can meet the requirements of a dental composite. However, further studies need to be carried out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Invention of a new method for indirect measurement of dimercaprol using the on/off fluorescence emission of functionalized graphene dots
Mohammad Hassan AminiDimercaprol with a molecular structure containing two groups of thiols is a suitable drug in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. The use of graphene quantum dots has been highly regarded by researchers in various fields, including the manufacture of chemical sensors MoreDimercaprol with a molecular structure containing two groups of thiols is a suitable drug in the treatment of heavy metal poisoning. The use of graphene quantum dots has been highly regarded by researchers in various fields, including the manufacture of chemical sensors, due to their low cost and availability of raw materials, non-toxicity and simple method of their synthesis. In this study, the fluorescence emission of graphene quantum dots whose surface was functionalized with monoethanolamine was used to develop a new method for indirect measurement of dimercaprol concentration. At first, the fluorescence emission of quantum dots quenched in the presence of mercury ions due to the complex formation of mercury ion with functional groups of quantum dots. Then by increasing dimercaprol and forming a strong complex with mercury, the quantum dots released and their fluorescence emission restored. In the invented method, by detecting the linear relationship between quantum dot emission recovery and dimercaprol concentration, in optimal conditions, dimercaprol was measured at concentrations between 0.1-5 μM and with a detection limit of 50 nM in aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - A simple method for on-site determination of iodide ions by recording fluorescence intensity changes of rhodamine B with a home-made fluorimeter
Leila Khoshmaram Maryam Mohammadi Adel Nazemi BabadiIn the present study, a simple and inexpensive method has been presented for on-site determination of iodide ions in various aqueous samples. The proposed method is based on the fluorescence quenching process of rhodamine B and the use of a home-made portable fluorimete MoreIn the present study, a simple and inexpensive method has been presented for on-site determination of iodide ions in various aqueous samples. The proposed method is based on the fluorescence quenching process of rhodamine B and the use of a home-made portable fluorimeter. In the fluorimeter, light-emitting diodes with emission wavelength of 530 nm (as the excitation source) and a mobile phone (as the detector and data processing unit) have been used. Experiments showed that in the presence of iodide ions, the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B decreases. The fluorescence intensity changes of rhodamine B was determined by taking digital images of rhodamine B solutions and analyzing these images. Digital image analysis showed when the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B changes, the values of the G and R channels change, too. Therefore, the values of these two channels were used as analytical signals for determination of the concentration of iodide ions. After investigating experimental parameters affecting the quenching process of rhodamine B by iodide ions and selection of optimal conditions, based on ∆G as analytical signal, limit of detection was obtained 1.26 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ and the calibration graph was linear in the range of 2.1 × 10⁻⁵ - 2.3 × 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. The relative standard deviation for 5 iodide solution with concentration of 1.57 × 10⁻⁵ mol L-1 was 0.83 %. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine iodide in water samples with satisfactory recovery ranged from 98.62% to 108.65%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - کاربرد نانوحسگر فلوئورسانس بر پایه نقاط کوانتومی کربنی برای سنجش مولیبدن در نمونه‌های آب و کشاورزی
رضا تبارکی عمران عبدی سرتنگ شهرام قمری -
Open Access Article
119 - Ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on a deep eutectic solvent for extraction carvedilol from plasma samples before determination by spectrofluorimetry method
Hassan Heidari Zeynab Esmaeilzadeh Kazem Jamshidi GhalehIn this study, an ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (UALLME) method based on the deep eutectic solvent (DES) was developed, for the first time, for extraction of carvedilol from plasma samples before analysis by spectrofluorimetry method. The DES was pre MoreIn this study, an ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (UALLME) method based on the deep eutectic solvent (DES) was developed, for the first time, for extraction of carvedilol from plasma samples before analysis by spectrofluorimetry method. The DES was prepared by mixing the appropriate amount of the choline chloride and phenol in the ratio of 1:2. The prepared DES was used without any further purification for UALLME of carvedilol from plasma samples. The effects of some critical parameters including DES components ratio, salt addition, and kind of emulsifying solvent were studied and optimized by a one-at-a-time approach. A central composite design was used for efficient optimization of the rest of the main variables in the extraction procedure including pH, the volume of DES, the volume of THF, and ultrasonication time. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9993) in the range of 15-1000 ng ml-1, under the optimal conditions. The extraction recovery of 93.2 % was obtained, and LOD and LOQ values were found 3.3 ng ml−1 and 9.8 ng ml−1, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the drug in spiked human plasma samples where it gave relative recoveries of 91.7 % and 93.2 %. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - بررسی واکنش‌های جانشینی هسته دوستی پاره‌ای از هسته دوست‌های فعال زیستی با سوکلران
ابوالقاسم مقیمی سیده سمیه موسوی -
Open Access Article
121 - طراحی حسگر گزینش‌پذیر فلورسانسی برای اندازه‌گیری یون نیکل
سید مرتضی حسینی فرهنگ میزانی مهدی مطلبی -
Open Access Article
122 - Effects of microbial fertilizers on the chlorophyll a fluorescence responses of tomato plants
Saber Nezamivand Chegini Mojtaba Jafarinia Ali Akbar Ghotbi RavandiBackground & Objectives: Plant growth-promoting bacteria in rhizosphere improve plants’ growth in different ways. In this study, the effects of five growth promoting bacteria, in the form of three biofertilizers were investigated on the chlorophyll a MoreBackground & Objectives: Plant growth-promoting bacteria in rhizosphere improve plants’ growth in different ways. In this study, the effects of five growth promoting bacteria, in the form of three biofertilizers were investigated on the chlorophyll a fluorescence changes of tomato seedlings.Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design. The bacteria were Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus lentus, Pseudomonas putida and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans; and biofertilizers were nitroxin, biosporphosphate and biosulfur. Chlorophyll a fluorescence changes were recorded using a Handy PEA device and analyzed by the JIP-test method.Results: The results showed that the use of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum caused L band formation about 15 microseconds after light exposure, which revealed an improvement in the grouping and connectivity of antenna chlorophylls with photosynthetic reaction centers. Besides, the formation of the K band about 0.3 milliseconds after light exposure showed that the performance of the water-splitting complex was increased under the influence of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum. The increase in electron transfer efficiency and the rate of reduction of the end electron acceptors in photosystem I were confirmed by the formation of J, H, and G bands in the presence of plant growth-promoting bacteria. Conclusion: The results of this study proved that the best photosynthetic performance in tomato plants including electron transfer between carriers of the photosynthetic electron transport chain occurred in the nitroxin bio-fertilizer containing Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Isolation of fluorene degrading microorganisms from sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea Coasts and evaluation of their bioremediation potential
Ehteram Sadat Rahimi Jamshid Fooladi gholamhossein ebrahimipour Mohammad Reza Soudi Tayebeh FooladiBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important environmental pollutants. Bioremediation using microorganisms is a cost-effective and safe method for the removal or conversion of these pollutants to less toxic substances. This s MoreBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important environmental pollutants. Bioremediation using microorganisms is a cost-effective and safe method for the removal or conversion of these pollutants to less toxic substances. This study aimed to isolate and introduce fluorene-degrading microorganisms from the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Materials and Methods: The mixed microbial culture enrichment and isolation was done in salt-based culture medium containing fluorene. The qualitative analysis of fluorene degradation in the solid basal salt medium was investigated. The rate of fluorene removal by the isolated mixed microbial culture was also determined using gas chromatography in a liquid salt base medium. The molecular identification of the fungal and bacterial isolates was performed using the sequential analysis of the ITS protected region and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Results: The mixed microbial culture including bacterial isolates (belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Acromobacter, Chryseobacterium, Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus) and fungal isolate (belonging to the genus Fusarium) was enriched and isolated. Chromatographic analysis showed that the mixed microbial culture was able to degrade 87% of fluorene (200 mg / l ) in a basal salt medium at 30 °C, pH 7 and 7 days of incubation. Conclusion: According to the results, the mixed microbial can remove a large amount of fluorene from the basal salt medium under the mentioned conditions and it is possible that under a similar situation, it can remove a large amount of fluorene from the contaminated area through bioremediation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Isolation and identification of culturable bacterial flora of dental lesions in a clinic
Ali Kazemtabrizi Azam Haddadi Mahmoud Shavandi Nasser HarzandiBackground & Objectives: Dental plaque is structurally and functionally a biofilm that may lead to caries and root infection due to disruption of microbial homeostasis. The present research aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of dental flora of patien MoreBackground & Objectives: Dental plaque is structurally and functionally a biofilm that may lead to caries and root infection due to disruption of microbial homeostasis. The present research aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of dental flora of patients in East Tehran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 9 samples of dental plaque, caries, and root canal from five patients who were randomly selected in 2017 were collected under sterile conditions. Bacteria were cultured using the standard BHI broth culture medium. General primers of the 16S rRNA gene were used for molecular identification of bacteria and investigation of their phylogenetic relationships. Demographic characteristics of the subjects were also examined. Results: Thirteen bacterial isolates were identified from clinical specimens of plaque and tooth decay. The isolated bacteria belonged to three phyla, five families, six genera Arthrobacter, Brevundimonas, Granulicatella, Kocuria, Neisseria, and Streptococcus, as well as seven species. The most abundant isolates were N. perflava (n=5) and S. salivarius (n=3). The identified bacteria were arranged in four branches of a phylogenetic tree. No association was found between bacteria and demographic characteristics. Conclusion: Identifying the factors involved in dental infections is an effective approach to prevention. In this study, 11 bacterial isolates from dental plaque and 2 bacterial isolates from tooth decay were identified and no strains from the root specimens were identified. The discrepancy between plaque bacteria and caries may be due to the small sample size and microbiological methods used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Biodegradation of fluoranthene by indigenous bacteria isolated from sediments of mangrove forests in Persian Gulf
Farshid Kafilzade Parvin Amiri Atefeh Rezaei Narges AhmadiBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of organic compounds with two or more aromatic rings, and approximately 90 percent of these compounds are carcinogen. Although there are different methods to clear such contaminants from environment MoreBackground and Objectives: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of organic compounds with two or more aromatic rings, and approximately 90 percent of these compounds are carcinogen. Although there are different methods to clear such contaminants from environment, microorganisms are more effective and more cost friendly. This study was designed to isolate indigenous microorganisms which are able to biodegradation fluoranthene from sediments of mangrove forests in Persian Gulf and to evaluate their biodegrading ability on fluoranthene. Materials and Methods: This sectional study was performed on the sediment samples collected from Persian Gulf mangrove. The bacteria were counted in two series of media; one containing fluoranthene and another one without any contaminants. The degrading bacteria were isolated on two basic mineral media (MSM and MSM Agar). The degradation ability were assayed based on High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The total number of bacteria grown on the medium without Fluoranthene was significantly more than those contaminated with Fluoranthene (cfu/g). Among the isolated bacteria Bacillus circulance, Alcaligens fecalis, Entrobacter, Listeria and Staphylococcus showed the highest ability to degrade Fluoranthene. Bacillus circulance and Alcaligens fecalis showed the most biodegrading activity and growth at the presence of fluoranthene (73.4% and 71%, respectively). Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that there are many fluoranthene degrading bacteria in Persian Gulf mangrove sediments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Effect of different irrigation regimes, plastic mulch and anti-transpiration materials on some physiological attributes and grain yield of rainbow corn
Davoud Adelian Hooshang Farajee Amin Salehi Ali Moradiبه منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل آبیاری در سه سطح، شامل: 1) 25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک؛ 2) 40 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و 3) 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و عامل فرعی در دو سطح شامل خاکپوشه پلاستیک و بدون خاکپوشه و عامل فرعی فرعی در سه سطح شامل مواد ضد تعرق کائولین، آترازین و شاهد بدون مصرف ماده ضد تعرق بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش سطوح مختلف آبیاری، مواد ضد تعرق بر نسبت Fv/Fm و برهمکنش خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق بر میزان قند محلول برگ معنی‌دار گردید. در سطح آبیاری 60 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی، بیشترین نسبت Fv/Fm (578/0) در تیمار آترازین و کمترین مقدار آن (468/0) در تیمار کائولین بدست آمد. در شرایطی که میزان رطوبت خاک محدود است، استفاده از خاکپوشه پلاستیک و آترازین جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد کیفی و کمی قابل توصیه میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Effect of pre and post emergence herbicides and mixture of them on control of spring and summer weeds in apple and grape orchards
batoul samedani Seyyed Mihsen Hoseyni Seyed Mihamad Mir vakiliThese experiments were conducted in order to study effect of pre and post emergence herbicides on grass and broad leaf weeds in vine orchards in Qazvin and apple orchards in Tehran in 2008-2009. Experimental design was factorial with two factors and three replications. MoreThese experiments were conducted in order to study effect of pre and post emergence herbicides on grass and broad leaf weeds in vine orchards in Qazvin and apple orchards in Tehran in 2008-2009. Experimental design was factorial with two factors and three replications. Factor one was pre emergence herbicides (diuron (WP 80%) 1.6 kg a.i. ha-1, napropamide (SC 45%) 4.1 kg a.i. ha-1, oxyfluorfen (EC 24%) 0.48 kg a.i. ha-1, trifluralin (EC 48%) 1.2 kg a.i. ha-1, and check (no herbicide) and factor two was post emergence herbicides (glayphosate (SL 41%) 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1+ 8 kg ha-1 ammonium sulfate, glayphosate (SL 41%) 2.5 + 2.5 kg a.i. ha-1 plus ammonium sulfate 8+8 kg ha-1, triclopyr (EC 62%) 1.2 kg a.i. ha-1, and triclopyr 1.2+1.2 kg a.i. ha-1). The results showed that pre emergence herbicides, especially napropamide, oxyfluorfen and trifluralin controlled annual winter weeds. One time use of glayphosate could control annual weeds, but not perennial weeds. One and two times use of triclopyr and two times glyphosate controlled perennial weeds. Use of pre emergence plus post emergence herbicides controlled perennial weeds well. Napropamide and trifluralin plus triclopyr reduced weeds, but diuron plus post emergence herbicides provided best broadleaf weed suppression. As compared to glayphosate, triclopyr controlled weeds with delay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Distribution and diversity of weed species in Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L) Fields of Kermanshah Province
عبدالرضا احمدی مجید رستمی فریبا خاموشی Mozhgan veisiIn order to study the diversity of weed flora in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) fields of Kermanshah province, 92 fields in five cities of this province investigated during the spring and summer of 2014. The first stage of sampling was in May and the second stage was in Sep MoreIn order to study the diversity of weed flora in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) fields of Kermanshah province, 92 fields in five cities of this province investigated during the spring and summer of 2014. The first stage of sampling was in May and the second stage was in September. After sampling and identification of weeds, the diversity and evenness indices were calculated for each field. Acording to results in different cities of this province, five species of weeds have the highest value of dominance index. The most important weed in this experiment were warm season species such as Chenopodium album, Amaranthus spp, Setaria viridis, Xanthium strumarium and Convolvlus arvensis. The calculated value of domoinance index for above mentioned weeds were 197.7, 187.3, 170.3, 150.6 and 105.3, respectively and calculated dominance index for the rest of observed weeds was less than 100. Considering Shannon-Wiener diversity indices at the first stage of sampling the studied cities classified in two groups whereas in second stage the cities placed in three groups. In the first stage of sampling the highest value of Simpson diversity indice (0.78) calculated for Sahneh and the lowest value (0.67) observed in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, but in the second stage the highest value (0.93) of this indices belonged to Eslamabad-e-Gharb and the lowest value (0.83) calculated for Harsin. The obtained results after t-test showed that in both of stages there was the significant difference for species diversity of weeds among the studied cities Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Study of flora and mapping the distribution of weeds on field chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.) in Khorramabad
A. Ahmadi K. MosaviThis study was conducted to find out the weed floristic composition of 24 chickpea farms in Khorramabad during 2012. Based on a floristic study, 70 weed species belonging to 20 families were identified. The results showed that dicots were predominant in the chickpea far MoreThis study was conducted to find out the weed floristic composition of 24 chickpea farms in Khorramabad during 2012. Based on a floristic study, 70 weed species belonging to 20 families were identified. The results showed that dicots were predominant in the chickpea farms. Maximum of weed densities were recorded for Gallium tricornutum (10.27 plants.m-2), Vaccaria grandiflora (4.3) and Vicia villosa (3.4) plants.m-2respectively. Maximum frequency of different weed species was recorded as G. tricornutum (93.8%), V. garndiflora, and C. dichotomum with frequency of 75%, and 59.4% respectively were the two others prevalent species. Carthamus oxyacantha, and Centaurea spp. With frequency of 56%, and Conringia orientalis, Vicia villosa, and Sinapis arvensis by frequency of more than 50% were the others prevalent weed species. Plant families of caryophyllaceae, compositae, and brassicacea any with two species, and rubiacea, and fabaceae families any with one species included the 8 species with frequency more than 50%. Among 30 species with frequency more than 10% only 4 species were biennial or perennial, that is 83.3% of weed species that had frequency more than 10% was annual. Of the total weed is detected (64 spacies , 75/92 % ) were C3, and (5 species , 25/7 %) had C4 photosynthetic pathway. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on some traits of marjoram medicinal plant(Origanum majorana L.) under salinity stress
M. Yosefirad A. Masoumi M. AsghariIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria )PSB( on marjoram plant under salt stress condition, a greenhouse examination was done as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication in 2013 in Q MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria )PSB( on marjoram plant under salt stress condition, a greenhouse examination was done as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication in 2013 in Qom salafchegan region. The first factor, salinity levels including control, 100 and 150 mM NaCl salt , the second factor in two level of non use and use of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae strains) and the third factor in two level of non use and the use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain) was. Results of variance analysis showed that the main effects of salinity, mycorrhiza and PSB was significant on studied traits (P<0.01). As well as interaction of mycorrhiza and salinity on the flowers number per plant, number of branches, plant dry weight and oil percentage, interaction mycorrhiza with PSB on plant height, number of flowers per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of branches and dry plant and triple interaction of treatments on the number of leaves per plant was significant (P<0.05). According to the examination results, the studied traits decreased with increasing salinity so that 150 mM salt had the most negative effects on the plant. It was also observed mycorrhiza and PSB in favorable conditions and salinity stress improved studied traits. The results showed that the combined application of mycorrhiza and PSB had better outcome in different levels of salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Effect of silicon and Nitrocara bio-fertilizer on morpho-physiological parameters of wheat under different irrigation regimes
Mehrdad Arab Aval Ha,mid Reza GanjaliIn order to study the effect of silicon foliar application and Nitrocara biofertilizer on some morpho-physiological traits of wheat under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot, during two cropping years in research farm of I MoreIn order to study the effect of silicon foliar application and Nitrocara biofertilizer on some morpho-physiological traits of wheat under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot, during two cropping years in research farm of Islamic Azad University, Zabol Branch, Iran. Experimental treatments included water stress (irrigation regimes after water depletion of 50, 75, and 90% of field capacity) in the main plots and silicon acid foliar application at three levels of 0, 1 and 1.5 mM and Nitrocara biofertilizer in two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation (one liter per hectare as seed) in subplots were assessed. The results showed that the non-inoculate seeds with Nitrocara under 50% irrigation regime and seed inoculation under 75% irrigation regime in the second year of the experiment resulted in the highest wheat grain yield with an average of 1901.5 and 1892.3 g/m2, respectively. The highest total biomass was related to the inoculation of seeds with Nitrocara along with the use of 1 mM silicon in the second year of the experiment under irrigation regime of 50% moisture depletion (8793.3 g/m2). In general, under low irrigation conditions, the use of Nitrocara biofertilizer as well as silicon foliar application led to improved physiological parameters and increased growth and yield indices of wheat in Sistan climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effects of laser leveling and tillage on spatial correlation, population dynamic and weeds seed bank
M. Yosefi M.J. Bahrani E. Kazeroni Monfared M. DastoryWeeds are present in all agroecosystems and their presence depends on seeds in soil. Information on seeds bank and their effective environmental factors provide possibility for their prediction in future weeds seedlings density. An experiment was conducted in three sepa MoreWeeds are present in all agroecosystems and their presence depends on seeds in soil. Information on seeds bank and their effective environmental factors provide possibility for their prediction in future weeds seedlings density. An experiment was conducted in three separated fields at Zarrin dasht in the southwest of Shiraz, Iran, to determine the effect of laser leveling on seed bank and the dynamic of weeds population in year 2010. The field was divided into 20 × 20 m2 grids for sampling. The sample was taken at the intersection of each unit at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm and number of weed seeds were counted. Results showed that laser leveling operations had different effects on weed seeds density and distribution so that 30٪ of weed seed density and spot deterioration decreased. All weed seed spots had a high seed density in the center and gradually decreased within their fringes. On the other hand, although structural position of weed seed population were maintained prior and after leveling, it had a decreasing trend in this crop rotations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - بررسی باکتریولوژیک فلور طبیعی پوست و آبشش در ماهی شورت Sillago sihama و ارتباط آن با آلودگی سواحل بندرعباس (شمال خلیج فارس)
امیرهوشنگ بحری فروغ فلاح پدرام یاسمی فر یوسف آفتاب سوار -
Open Access Article
134 - مقایسه اثرات کلریدسدیم و متیلن بلو بر فلور باکتریایی محیط پرورشی، پوست و آبشش بچه تاس ماهی ایرانی Acipenser persicus
رقیه فتح الهی حسین خارا ذبیح الله پژند علیرضا شناور ماسوله بتول مشتاقی زهرا منافی -
Open Access Article
135 - فلور قارچی چشم الاغ های سالم درایران
سعید ظفر نادری آرش عراقی سورهقارچ ها ساکنین طبیعی سطح چشم در اسب سانان می باشند، لیکن در شرایط خاص باعث ایجاد کراتومایکوز می گردند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی فلور قارچی ملتحمه سالم الاغ ها در ایران وتعیین اثر جنس و سن میزبان بر روی این فلور می باشد. نمونه ها از هر دو چشم 120 راس الاغ سالم با گستره Moreقارچ ها ساکنین طبیعی سطح چشم در اسب سانان می باشند، لیکن در شرایط خاص باعث ایجاد کراتومایکوز می گردند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی فلور قارچی ملتحمه سالم الاغ ها در ایران وتعیین اثر جنس و سن میزبان بر روی این فلور می باشد. نمونه ها از هر دو چشم 120 راس الاغ سالم با گستره سنی 1 تا12سال اخذ و در محیط سابرودکستروز آگار کشت گردید. در کل08/92% از نمونه ها برای یک تا 6 گونه قارچی مختلف مثبت بودند . در مجموع 10 جنس و 13 گونه قارچی جدا گردید. فراوانترین قارچ های جدا شده شامل جنس های کاندیدا(01/33%)، آلترناریا(91/25%)، پنی سیلیوم(89/16%) و آسپرژیلوس(70/11%) بودند. مخمرها (جنس های کاندیدا، رودوتورلا و جئوتریکوم)38% از جدایه ها را بخود اختصاص دادند. جنس و سن میزبان میزان جداسازی تعدادی از قارچ ها را تحت تاثیر قرار داد. یک همبستگی مثبت ما بین سن و تعداد گونه های قارچی جدا شده به ازای هر چشم دیده شد(008/0=P ، 187/0=r). قارچ های جدا شده مشابه موارد قبلی گزارش شده برای دیگر اسب سانان بود، اگر چه فراوانی جدا سازی مخمرها بیشتر بود که می تواند ناشی از تفاوت های جغرافیایی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Introduction of medicinal plants in Arak county
Noralah Abdi Masumeh Abdi Sedigheh Hasan zadeh ArakCounty with an area of 5594 km2 is located in Markazi province. The altitude ranges from 1650 m in the Meighan lake to 3118 m in Sefidkhani mountain. The mean annual precipitation varies from 200 mm in Ebrahimabad plain to 440 mm in th More ArakCounty with an area of 5594 km2 is located in Markazi province. The altitude ranges from 1650 m in the Meighan lake to 3118 m in Sefidkhani mountain. The mean annual precipitation varies from 200 mm in Ebrahimabad plain to 440 mm in the Sefidkhani mountains. Thus, this area has climatic variation and floristic richness. This study was conducted to introduce, classify and determine the distribution of medicinal plant species of Arak county. According to field studies and literature review, medicinal species was listed and some information including scientific name, family name, Persian name, botany specifications, distribution area, habitat altitude from sea level, utilized organ were recorded for each medicinal plant. According to results, in Arak county 143 medicinal plants species were identified belonging to 121 genera and 40 families. Asteraceae with 17, Papilionaceae with 16, Lamiaceae with 14, Brassicaceae and Linaceae (each with 9), Rosaceae with 8 and Apiaceae with 7 species, were the most families that have the highest number of medicinal species. About 40 percent of medicinal plants grow in the plains and 60 percent grow in mountainous areas. 126 species of medicinal plants were self-grown (wild) in natural resource boards and 17 species were planted. Considering the diverse climatic and topographic conditions and diversity of medicinal species in Arak county, this area has a high potential for development of medicinal plants cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Study of German Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) Midguts Bacterial Flora in Tehran
ساناز اکبری مجید مقبلی محمدعلی عشاقیGerman Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) are insects that often live in dirty environment such as sewagesand toilets and feed from contaminatedmaterials.This insect is one of the most important factors to transport and spread bacteria in human environment, particularlyba MoreGerman Cockroaches (Blattela germanica) are insects that often live in dirty environment such as sewagesand toilets and feed from contaminatedmaterials.This insect is one of the most important factors to transport and spread bacteria in human environment, particularlybacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family. In this study, German cockroachand#39;s midgetandrsquo;s bacterial flora in Tehran was identified. German cockroaches from various regions of Tehran were round up and their gut were extracted and cultured on microbial media. Grown samples identified with differentculture media.Ten bacterial genera were identified in cockroachand#39;s midgut. Nine genera were belonging to gram negative bacteria and one isolates belong to gram positive bacteria. These genera belong to Citrobacter (20%), Psedomonas (18%), Proteus (17%), E. coli (15.5%), Enterobacter (12%), Staphilococcus (11.1%), Salmonella (3.3%), Klebsiella (1.1%), Shigella and Hafnia (1%). Several pathogenicbacteria are growing within the body of German cockroach and transmittedto the human environment with these insects. Most of these bacteria are pathogenic and can effect on human health. In this study, the most of identified bacteria were belong to Enterobacteriaceae family, and could be pathogen and effective on human hygiene. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Anti-tumor effects of Silybum marianum essential oil and 5-fluorouracil combination on Hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2)
Mohammad Jaber Masoud Khooy Mohammadreza Salehi Salmi Massoumeh Farasat Hamed MirzaeiThe present study evaluated the efficacy of combining 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Silybum marianum essential oils to suppress in vitro Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth by influencing the Wnt, NF-κB, angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Silybum marian MoreThe present study evaluated the efficacy of combining 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Silybum marianum essential oils to suppress in vitro Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth by influencing the Wnt, NF-κB, angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Silybum marianum essential oils were studied alone and in combination with 5-FU in the HepG2 cell-line. The expression of NF-κB and Wnt signaling pathway genes as well as angiogenesis-, apoptosis- and autophagy-associated genes and proteins were evaluated using Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques. Each treatment decreased the viability of HepG2 cells compared with the control group. Moreover, S. marianum essential oils from Khozestan or Isfahan (Sm-K and Sm-I) in combination with 5-FU reduced the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. Angiogenesis-related proteins i.e. VEGF, COX-2, Bfgf and HIF-1α were significantly reduced. Apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins i.e. caspase-8, Bax, Bcl-2, Beclin-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II were modulated by each treatment. Each treatment decreased total NF κB (p65) and phospho NF κB (p65) at protein levels. The expression levels of Wnt pathway-related genes were also decreased. Taken together, these findings revealed that S. marianum, either alone or in combination with 5-Fu, could exert anti-tumor effects via modulating autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, NF κB and Wnt signaling pathways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Immobilized Peptide on the Surface of Core-shell LaVO4: Eu3@poly (levodopa) for Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil to Breast Tumor
Maryam Nazemian Vida Hojati Hamid Madanchi Hamid Hashemi-Moghaddam Saeed Zavareh Behrouz JohariChemotherapy using drug delivery systems can target tumor cells selectively and do not affect normal cells. In this study, a specific drug delivery system was designed with immobilized NL2 peptide on the surface of polymeric nano drug for breast tumor treatment. Th MoreChemotherapy using drug delivery systems can target tumor cells selectively and do not affect normal cells. In this study, a specific drug delivery system was designed with immobilized NL2 peptide on the surface of polymeric nano drug for breast tumor treatment. The tertiary structure of NL2 peptide (AEGEFIHNRYNRFFYWYGDPAK) was selected from the database and synthesized. After that, it was coupled to the synthesized poly-3,4-dihydroxy-1-phenylalanine (DOPA)/SiO2 nanocomposite and tested for targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to SK-BR3 breast cancer cell line and MCF-10A normal breast cell line. The results of MTT and hemolysis of red blood cells showed that the components of the nanocomposite and NL2 peptide do not have any cytotoxicity, while the results of the MTT test after washing showed that the nanocomposites functionalized with NL2 peptide had specificity for cells with Her2 marker, i.e. SK-BR3 cells, but after washing, they were separated from MCF-10A cells, which lack this marker, and the drug 5- Fluorouracil cannot exert its toxic effects on these cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress
Dariush safari fatemeh jmali hamid reza nooryazdan farashteh bayatIn order to Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress , experiment desing was a split plot design with three repetitions in the year of 1394-95 in the research greenhouse at the Faculty of agric MoreIn order to Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress , experiment desing was a split plot design with three repetitions in the year of 1394-95 in the research greenhouse at the Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr was implemented. Salinity stress was considered as a major factor in four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl), wheat cultivars (Kuhdasht, dehdasht, Karim and Bam) as a first sub-plots and four strains of fluorescens pseudomonads (WKZ1-93، 2-79، WB1-7 and WBO-3) along with a control treatment (no bacteria) were considered as the second subplots.. The results analysis of variance of the experimental data determined there was a significant difference between salinity levels in all studied traits except spike weight and spike number and the interaction of salinity × variety in all measured traits except for peduncle length and other simple and cross effects were significantly different in each trait. Results of correlation coefficient showed the highest correlation between grain yield and peduncle length (r = 0.58**).In stepwise regression, peduncle length, spike length, grain weight, plant height and number of grains per spike were entered the model and confirmed the 51% of the total yield variations. Path analysis for grain yield revealed a direct and positive impact of peduncle length, spike length and 1000-grain weight and indirect effect of 1000-grain weight through peduncle length and peduncle length through spike length on yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - بررسی تاثیر قطره ی چشمی فلورومتولون بر میزان ایجاد عارضه فشار داخل چشم بعد از عمل PRK
Ladan Safarian Toosi Hamid Khakshor Mohammad reza VojdaniBackground and objective: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is generally believed to be safe and effective for treatment of myopia. Steroid responders may develop elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) within a short time following steroid administration. This ocular hyper MoreBackground and objective: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is generally believed to be safe and effective for treatment of myopia. Steroid responders may develop elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) within a short time following steroid administration. This ocular hypertensive response to corticosteroids is an autosomal dominant trait found in one third of the general population. The current study was performed to evaluate the incidence of Flurometholone induced ocular hypertension following myopic PRK. Methods: PRK was performed on 400 eyes of 200 patients. Flurometholone was administered for first group %0.1 four times a day in first week each time one drop, 3 times a day for second week, 2 times for third week and one time a day for forth week. Second group received FML %0.1 for 3 months, first months 4 times, second month 3 times and third month 2 times a day each time one drop, Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured preoperatively, after 1, 2 and 3 month(s) in both groups. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS V21. Results: Mean age of first and second groups were 30.2± 5.58 and 30.2± 5.68 years respectively. 74 percent of first and 73% of second group were women. Mean IOP of right eyes preoperatively, after 1, 2 and 3 months were 15.1± 2.13, 15.5± 2.06 , 16.2±1.81 and 17.2±2.06 mmHg in group 1 respectively, and in group 2 , 15.4±2.04 , 15.8±1.98, 16.2±2.07 and 17.2± 2.08 mmHg respectively. IOP of left eyes in group 1 were 15.1±2.03, 15.5±1.98, 16.4±1.87 and 17.2±1.77 mmHg and in group 2 15.4±2.03, 15.9±1.95, 16.4±1.96 and 17.5±1.75 mmHg respectively. There was no difference between two groups considering IOP and also in details (men and women, 20-35 and 36-50 years) no significant differences was seen between two groups considering IOP in each time level (P>0.05). Conclusion: In this cohort, reducing regimens of FML proved to be a safe anti- inflammatory treatment in terms of avoiding corneal haze after PRK. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Fungal profile of the normal ocular microflora in Kurd horse
Abdullah Araghi-Sooreh saber mameghaniKnowledge of resident fungal species on the normal ocular surface may influence selection of antifungal agents for the treatment of keratomycosis. In this study conjunctival fungal flora of 40 Kurd horses with normal eyes (n = 80) from Tabriz was identified using horses MoreKnowledge of resident fungal species on the normal ocular surface may influence selection of antifungal agents for the treatment of keratomycosis. In this study conjunctival fungal flora of 40 Kurd horses with normal eyes (n = 80) from Tabriz was identified using horses of both genders and aged 2-30 years old. Samples were taken from the lower conjunctival sac of both eyes with a dry cotton swab, seeded in Sabouraud's dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, and incubated at 25 °C for 21 days. Thirty-one (77.5%) horses and 49 (61.25%) eyes were culture positive. The most commonly isolated fungi were Aspergillus species (38.82 %). Other isolates in order of frequency were Candida spp, Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp, Cladosporium spp, Mucor spp, Scopulariopsis spp, Pseudallescheria sp, Rhodotorula sp, and Trichoderma sp. Yeast genera represented 18.82% of the total isolates. Sex of horse had significant effect on the frequency of certain fungi. Fungal contamination of eyes decreased with increase of horse age but correlation between them was not significant (r = -0.255; P = 0.064). The fungal species isolated are comparable with those reported for horses in other areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Comparative investigation of bacterial and fungal infections causes of otitis in dogs and cats of a certain breed
majid sadeghpour Ehsan stabraghi Farzaneh Tajdini tayeb Seyyed Hosseini Purizdi Narges PashmiExternal otitis means swelling and inflammation of the outer ear canal. Following swelling and inflammation of the outer ear, the natural area of the duct changes. Clinical signs are more indicative of an infection in the middle ear. These symptoms in the middle area of MoreExternal otitis means swelling and inflammation of the outer ear canal. Following swelling and inflammation of the outer ear, the natural area of the duct changes. Clinical signs are more indicative of an infection in the middle ear. These symptoms in the middle area of the ear, especially in cats, are often clinical or mild, but in dogs, they are more likely to indicate simultaneous external otitis. Bacteria and fungi can grow too much in the ear and cause infections. Many fungal pathogens cause opportunistic ear infections and cause severe fungal infections of the ear in animals and cause numerous disorders. The study was conducted on 30 dog collars and 30 cat collars of different ages, genders and breeds. Samples isolated from dog and cat ear discharges were sent to the lab to identify pathogens. The samples were randomly collected from Tehran's Avina Veterinary Hospital. how to collect the sample; After attenuation, the sampling was done with a sterile swab of ear secretions of dogs and cats, then put the swab into a sterile tube، Samples were immediately sent to the laboratory. Bacterial study of animal-derived swabs was cultivated in the base environment of blood agar and agar neutrinos. In order to identify and isolate mushrooms, a surface culture method was used in the sabro dextrose environment of agar. According to this study, among different breeds in dogs, the highest abundance of bacteria and fungi was observed in the native and Malinois breed and in cats with short street hair breed (DSH). The results of this study include bacteria isolated from dog ear discharge: Bacillus cereus 6 cases (20%), Staphylococcus aureus 4 cases (33/13%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3 cases (10%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus3 (10%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 (66/6%), Pseudomonas 2 (66/6%) and Bacillus 2 (66/6%), isolated bacteria cat ear secretions include: Staphylococcus aureus 3 (10%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 9 (30%), Entrobacter aerogenes 4 (33/13%) and E. coli 4 (33/13%), Fungal isolated from dogs include penicillium 2 (33/13%), Rodoterola 4 (33/13%), Geotericum 3 (10%), Alternators 2 (66/6%), Alocladium 2 (66/6%), Penicillium (6.66%), Aspergillus (66/6%)، Cladosporium 2 (66/6%) and in cat ear discharge Aspergillus fungus 8 (66/26%), Penicillium 3 (10%), Rhodotrola 2 (66/6%), Geotericum 1 (33/3%). According to past studies and current research, external otitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the outer ear that occurs more frequently in dogs than cats, and especially dogs with longer hanging ears They are more influenced by external otitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 -
عبداله Narighi soreh وحید Hasanpour The objective of this study was to identify the fungal flora of conjunctival sac in clinically normal Ghezel sheep and determine the effect of host eye,age and sex on this flora.the animals(n=50) were selected from both sexes and divided into three age groups ac More The objective of this study was to identify the fungal flora of conjunctival sac in clinically normal Ghezel sheep and determine the effect of host eye,age and sex on this flora.the animals(n=50) were selected from both sexes and divided into three age groups according to age.swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of both eyes(n=100) and cultured onto saboroud dextrose agar and malt extract agar,incubated at 25C and examined for 21 days.thirteen sheep out of 50 (26%) were positive for fungi:5/50(10%) had positive cultures from both eyes.the isolated fungal genera were cladosporium spp.-7 eyes (38.88%) , Aspergillus spp.-3 eyes(16.66%) penicillium spp. -3 eyes (16.66%) rhodoteurella spp. -3 eyes(16.66%) and curvularia spp. -2 eyes(11.11%). the isolation of cladosporium spp. was significantly frequent among the left eyes,females and sheep above three years of age (p<0.05).this study is first report of funhal flora of normal ovine conjunctiva. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Effect of different levels of dicalcium phosphate in the diet on growth performance, bone characteristics and microbial flora in broiler chickens
S, M Motamedi جواد Vahed Khoshchehreh ملیحه RahatiThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 20 MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dicalsium phosphate on growthperformance, bony characteristics and intestinal microbial flora in broiler chickens. Dicalsium phosphate wasadded in 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 % to basal diet. A total of 200 Ross- 308 broiler chicks in 4 treatments and 5 replicates(with 10 birds in each replicate) in completely randomized design, reared for 42 days. The results showed thatall levels of dicalsium phosphate in diet of broiler chickens had a signifcant difference on daily weight gain andfnal weight compared to control group signifcantly (P>0.05). There was no signifcant difference between testand control groups as feed intake, but FCR was lower in test group signifcantly (P<0.05). In characteristics ofbone, the weight of the bones in test groups was signifcantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05).But the other characteristics (bone length, width bone, bone strength, bone ash) were not signifcant. Also, the testgroup had lower intestinal microbial flora signifcantly compared to controls group (P<0.05). Rate of intestinalmicrobial flora in treatments with 0.5 % dicalsium phosphate was less than the others. It can be concluded that thesupplementation of diet with dicalsium phosphate has positive effects on broilers performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Effect of salinity stress on germination and initial growth of two sunflower cultivars and red-root amaranth in in vitro and hydroponic condition
Fatemeh Tavakoli Mansoureh MoeeniThe effect of salinity levels on germination and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cvs. Euroflor and Record and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was studied in two separate experiments under laboratory and hydroponic conditions. The experiments were MoreThe effect of salinity levels on germination and growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cvs. Euroflor and Record and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was studied in two separate experiments under laboratory and hydroponic conditions. The experiments were in split plot based on completely randomized design. Main plot and subplots were devoted for plant type and salinity level, respectively. The salinity levels were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM of sodium chloride in laboratory condition. The seeds were placed in each Petri dish separately and 5 ml of salt solution was added and were incubated at 30 °C. The germination and primary growth parameters were evaluated in one week. Increasing salinity levels, caused reduction of germination percentage and seedling growth parameters of sunflower cultivars and redroot pigweed, significantly. The redroot pigweed was less tolerant to salinity than sunflower cultivars in germination stage. In hydroponic condition, the seeds were sown in sand and after plant transferring to Hoagland solution, salinity treatments including 25, 50, 100, and 150 mM of sodium chloride were added to the culture medium. After 4 weeks, the growth parameters and leaf chlorophyll content were recorded. The growth parameters and leaf chlorophyll content were decreased significantly, increasing of salinity levels. In addition to the sunflower cv. Euroflor was less tolerant to salinity than Record and redroot pigweed. The sunflower cv. Record is recommending being cultivated in saline soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Comparison of conventional sowing date with late sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annus L.) in Hamedan climate
Mohsen Rajabi Mohammad Hadi Faraji Arman Moslem FetriTo study the effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars as a second crop, an experiment was conducted in Research Field of Education Center of Jihade-Agriculture of Hamedan. The experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized MoreTo study the effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars as a second crop, an experiment was conducted in Research Field of Education Center of Jihade-Agriculture of Hamedan. The experiment was carried out in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was sowing date including 20th May, 25th June and 10th July and the second factor was sunflower cultivar vic. Sirna, Euroflor and Armaviruski. Acoording to the results, there were significant differences in seed and biological yield, head diameter, thousand seed weight in P th May) had the highest seed yield (495.45 g m-2) and both 25th June and 10th July had the minimum values. Conventional sowing date and 25th June were placed in similar groups based on harvest index, biological yield, number of seed per head and thousand seeds weight traits, but were more than 10th July. About plant height, the highest value related to 25th June. There were significant differences among cultivars about head diameter, 1000-seeds weight (P <0.05) and plant height (P <0.01). The highest head diameter and plant height related to Euroflor and Armaviruski cultivars, respectively. Armaviruski cultivar had the highest plant height in compared with the others. Delay sowing date of 25th June is suggested in this climate of region and it is possible to cultivate all three cultivars in this region after cereal harvesting (especially Barley). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Identification of Fusarium species associated with wheat, barley and corn in West Azarbaijan Province, Iran
Nabi Khezrinejad Younes Rezae DaneshFusarium is the soil born fungus which is very economically important and includes several plant pathogenic species infecting a wide range of different plants including geramineous ones. In this research, diversity of Fusarium species associated with wheat, barley and c MoreFusarium is the soil born fungus which is very economically important and includes several plant pathogenic species infecting a wide range of different plants including geramineous ones. In this research, diversity of Fusarium species associated with wheat, barley and corn was studied morphologically. The infected or suspected crown, root and stem of plants were collected from different area of West Azarbaijan Province, Iran. For isolation, the growth media of PDA, NS and DCPA were used. After purification, to make sporulation, microconodium chain and chlamydospore production, different media cultures were used. Identification was conducted using morphological and morphometrical characteristics on especial media cultures and conditionsusing diagnostic keys. Totally, 11species including Fusariumacuminatum, F. bactridiodes, F. chlamydosporum, F. compactum, F. culmorom, F. coeruleum, F. flocciferum,F. nygamai, F. oxyporum, F. polyphialidicum, and F. solaniwere identified. The most species diversity belonged to barley, wheat and corn, respectively. F. polyphialidicum, F. bactridiodesand F. coeruleumare new reports for mycoflora of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The effect of acclimatization and osmopriming of seeds on salt stress tolerance in wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.)
Afagh Yavari Ghader Habibi Masoumeh Abedini Gholamreza Bakhshi KhanikiSalinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects seed yield and crop production. Salinity causes adverse morphological, physiological and biochemical effects on wheat seedlings. In this research, the effects of seed priming (1 mM proline) on the respo MoreSalinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that affects seed yield and crop production. Salinity causes adverse morphological, physiological and biochemical effects on wheat seedlings. In this research, the effects of seed priming (1 mM proline) on the response of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to salinity stress in acclimatized and non-acclimatized conditions were investigated. Wheat seeds were subjected to acclimatization and seed priming with proline (1 mM) for 12 hours. Then, the seeds were planted in pots containing saline soil (EC=26.5 dS/m) and plant growth and physiological parameters were investigated. The results showed that in non-stressed conditions, seed yield increased with proline treatment. Pretreatment of seeds with proline under salinity stress preserved their photosynthetic performance compared to acclimatization. The results of examining the characteristics of shoot dry weight along with the measurement of malondialdehyde showed that acclimatization with low salt concentration cannot reduce the inhibitory effect of high salinity (EC=26.5 dS/m). Therefore, more research is needed to optimize the acclimatization protocol, seed osmopriming factors and environmental conditions to increase plant tolerance to salinity stress Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - ی
marjan shamsipour reza fotout farhad jabari
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