The Quality Variation of Groundwater in Malayer City with an Emphasis on the Impacts of Agricultural Land Use on the Quality of Water
Subject Areas : Water and Environment
1 - Assistant professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.*(*(Corresponding Author).
Keywords: Nitrate, Fluoride, Groundwater, Malayer,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of groundwater in a semi-arid environment area in Malayer,Hamedan Province, with respect to a four-year monitoring data using water quality index(WQI) with an emphasis on the agricultural land use 's impacts on the water quality. The monitoring data related to 14 water quality parameters associated with 26 sampling wells in 2012-2013 and 19 sampling wells in 2010-2011 were provided. The amount of chlorine residue in 50%percent's of the stations was zero. In addition, the fluoride in 14 stations was less than 0.5 mg/l and for 80.7 percent's of the stations the nitrate values were higher than 13 mg/l. Although, there was a significant difference between the level of some parameters between these two time periods, however, this difference was not that much noticeable.76.9 percent's of the stations were slightly to moderately polluted based on the results of water quality index. As a whole, the amount of nitrate in 21 wells (80.7 percent) was higher than the human induced standard level (13 mg/l) and in two wells were higher than the WHO permissible level (40 mg/l).The regional change of nitrate was increasing from North West to the south east part of the area. Although the overall quality of groundwater has not deteriorated according to WQI but there is a health risk of water for local people especially that is associated with the results of nitrate in the study area.
1- United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). 2000. Global Environment Outlook, Earthscan, UK.
2- Jalali, M., 2006. Soil phosphorous buffer coefficient as influenced bytime and rate of P addition. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, Vol. 52(3), pp.269–279.
3- Jalali, M., 2009. Phosphorous concentration, solubility and species in the groundwater in a semi-arid basin, southern Malayer, western Iran. Environmental Geology, Vol. 57, pp.1011–1020.
4- Akkaraboyina, M.K., Raju, B.S.N., 2012.Assessment of water quality index of river Goodavari at Rajahmundry. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, Vol.2,pp.161-167.
5- Brown, R.M., McClelland, N.I., Deininger, R.A., Tozer, R.G., 1970. A water quality index: Do we dare? Water and Sewage Works, Vol.117, pp. 339–343.
6- Stigter, T.Y., Ribeiro, L., Carvalho Dill, A.M.M.,2006.Application of a groundwater quality index as an assessment and communication tool in agroenvironmental policies–Two Portuguese case studies.Journal of Hydrology,Vol.327, pp.578–591.
7- Saeedi, M., Abessi, O., Sharifi, F., Meraji, H., 2010.Development of groundwater quality index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol.163, pp.327–335.
8- Jalali, M., 2011. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Toyserkan, western Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, Vol.62 (5), pp.907-913.
9- Jalali, M., 2007. Assessment of the chemical components ofFamenin groundwater, western Iran, Environmental Geochemistry andHealth, Vol.29, pp.357–374.
10- Jalali, M., Kolahchi, Z., 2008.Groundwater quality in an irrigated, agricultural area of northern Malayer, western Iran. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, Vol. 80, pp.95–105.
11- Rafati, L., Mokhtari, M., Fazelinia, F., Momtaz, S.M., Mahvi, A.H., 2013. Evaluation of ground water fluoride concentration in Hamadan Province west of IRAN (2012), Iranian Journal of Health Sciences,Vol.1(3),pp.71-76.
12- Dissanayake, C.B., 1991.The Fluoride Problem in the Groundwater of Sri Lanka-Environmental Management and Health. International journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 38, pp.137-156.
13- Eckhardt, D.A.V., Stackelberg, P.E., 1995.Relation of groundwater quality to land use on Long Island, New York. Ground Water, Vol.33, 1019–1033.
14- Ekrami, A., Molazadeh, T.,2011.An investigation on the interrelationship between the chlorine residue and the outbreak of diarrhea in local people of Darparchin rural area,Esfarayein City in 2001.First international conference on the health care,Birjand.
15- Deshmukh, A.N., Valadaskar, P.M., Malpe, D.B., 1995. Fluoride inenvironment: a review. Gondwana Geological Magazine,Vol.9,pp.1–20
16- Saxena, V.K., Ahmed, S., 2003. Inferring the chemical parameters for the dissolution of fluoride ingroundwater.Environmental Geology, Vol. 43, pp.731–736.
17- Jalali, M., 2011. Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwater and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Nahavand, Western Iran. Natural Resources Research, Vol.20 (1), pp.65-73.
18- Jacks, G., Sefe, F., Carling, M., Hammar, M., Letsamao, P., 1999.Tentative nitrogen budget for pit latrines-eastern Botswana.Environmental Geology, Vol.38, pp.199–203.
19- Fewtrell, L., 2004. Drinking-water nitrate, methemoglobinemia, and global burden of disease: A discussion.Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol.112 (14), pp.1371-1374.
20- Yang, C.Y., Cheng, M.F., Tsai, S.S., Hsieh, Y.L., 1998.Calcium, magnesium, and nitrate in drinking water and gastric cancer mortality. Japanese Journl of Cancer Research, Vol. 89, pp. 124–130.
21- Dianati, R., Rasouli, Z., 2013.Reviewing the Chemical Quality (Nitrate, Fluoride, Hardness, Electrical Conductivity) and Bacteriological Assessment of Drinking Water in Svadkooh, Iran, during 2010-2011. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Vol.23 (104), pp.51-55.In Persian.
22- Zazouli, M.A., Barafrashteh Pour, M., BarafrashtehPour, Z., Ghalandar, V.,2014.Temporal and Spatial Variation of Nitrate and Nitrite Concentration in Drinking Water Resource in Kohgiluyeh County Using Geographic Information System. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Vol.24 (109), pp.258-263.In Persian.
23- Zazouli, M.A., BarafrashtehPour, M., Sedaghat, F., Mahdavi, Y., 2013. Assessment of scale formation and corrosion of drinking water supplies in Yasuj (Iran) in 2012.Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Vol.23, pp.29-35.In Persian.
24- Kaushal, S.S., Likens, G.E., Utz, R.M., Pace, M.L., Grese, M., Yepsen, M., 2013. Increased river alkalinization in the Eastern U.S. Environonmental Science and Technology, Vol.47 (18), pp.10302–10311.
25- Nourbakhsh, Z., Moharamnejad, N., Mehrdadi, N., Hassani, A.H., Yousefi, H., 2015. Proposing an Index to Evaluate the Groundwater Quality Using “Multi-Criteria Decision Making” Approach and Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of it in Tajan Plain, Northern Iran.Iranian Journal of Health Sciences,Vol.3(3),pp.37-47.
