تغییرات پارامترهای کیفی آب زیرزمینی در محدوده شهرستان ملایر با تاکید بر تاثیر کاربری کشاورزی بر کیفیت آب
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست
1 - استادیار، عضو هیات علمی گروه بهداشت و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت دبیرشهید رجایی، تهران، ایران. *(مسئول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: نیترات, فلوراید, آب زیر زمینی, ملایر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف مطالعه کنونی بررسی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی در محدوده شهرستان ملایر، استان همدان، براساس اطلاعات پایش شده در یک دوره زمانی چهار ساله و با توجه به شاخص کیفیت آب با تاکید برتاثیر کاربری کشاورزی برکیفیت آب بوده است. داده های پایش شده در ارتباط با 14 پارامتر کیفیت آب مربوط به 26 چاه در طی سال های 1392-1391 و 19 چاه طی سال های 1390-1389 بدست آمدند. میزان باقی مانده کلر در 50 درصد از ایستگاه ها در حد صفر بود. علاوه براین میزان فلوراید در 14 ایستگاه پایین تر از حد آستانه 5/0 میلی گرم در لیتر قرار داشت وبرای 7/80 درصد از ایستگاه ها میزان نیترات بالاتر از 13 میلی گرم در لیتر بود. علی رغم اینکه تفاوت معنی داری بین غلظت برخی از پارامترها در بین این دودوره زمانی بدست آمده بود اما این تفاوت آن چنان چشمگیر نبود. براساس نتایج شاخص کیفیت آب 9/76 درصد از ایستگاه ها در حدآلودگی ناچیز تا متوسط قرار داشتند. درکل، مقادیر نیترات در 21 چاه (7/80درصد) بالاتر از حد استاندارد آلودگی ناشی از منابع انسان انگیخته(13 میلی گرم در لیتر) و در دو چاه بالاتر از استاندارد سازمان بهداشت جهانی جهت مصارف شرب (40 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. روند تغییرات ناحیه ای نیترات با استفاده از روش درون یابی از سمت شمال غرب به سمت جنوب شرق افزایش نشان می داد. علی رغم این که با توجه به نتایج شاخص کیفیت آب، کیفیت کلی آب دچار زوال نشده است اما همچنان ریسک بهداشتی مصرف به ویژه در زمینه نیترات برای مردم محلی وجود دارد.
The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of groundwater in a semi-arid environment area in Malayer,Hamedan Province, with respect to a four-year monitoring data using water quality index(WQI) with an emphasis on the agricultural land use 's impacts on the water quality. The monitoring data related to 14 water quality parameters associated with 26 sampling wells in 2012-2013 and 19 sampling wells in 2010-2011 were provided. The amount of chlorine residue in 50%percent's of the stations was zero. In addition, the fluoride in 14 stations was less than 0.5 mg/l and for 80.7 percent's of the stations the nitrate values were higher than 13 mg/l. Although, there was a significant difference between the level of some parameters between these two time periods, however, this difference was not that much noticeable.76.9 percent's of the stations were slightly to moderately polluted based on the results of water quality index. As a whole, the amount of nitrate in 21 wells (80.7 percent) was higher than the human induced standard level (13 mg/l) and in two wells were higher than the WHO permissible level (40 mg/l).The regional change of nitrate was increasing from North West to the south east part of the area. Although the overall quality of groundwater has not deteriorated according to WQI but there is a health risk of water for local people especially that is associated with the results of nitrate in the study area.
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