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Open Access Article
1 - Feasibility study of nitrate surface absorption by mineral pumice from Nitrate solution on a laboratory scale
Farzad Bakhshandegan Moghaddam Parisa HoseiniThe surge in population and imprudent consumption of water resources have created many challenges in securing sufficient water for sustaining human life. To supply part of the water demand for agriculture, the reuse of gray water is recommended. However, many decontamin MoreThe surge in population and imprudent consumption of water resources have created many challenges in securing sufficient water for sustaining human life. To supply part of the water demand for agriculture, the reuse of gray water is recommended. However, many decontamination methods are cost-prohibitive and pose challenges in sludge disposal after purification. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of nitrate absorption by a mineral pumice adsorbent from nitrate solutions. The present study was conducted as a two-factor factorial experiment and complete randomized design with three replications. The study involved sampling mineral pumice with diameters of 1 cm, and 5 cm and gradation ranging from 1 to 5 cm over 45 days. The samples were calibrated by spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 470 nm. Results showed that mineral pumice influenced nitrate absorption from the solution. The amount of nitrate in the control treatment was 0.88 grams per liter on the first day. The highest absorption occurred on the 20th day for the 1 cm soil gradation, resulting in a decrease to 0.62 grams per liter, which indicated 0.36 grams per liter of nitrate absorption. Larger gradations, however, showed the highest absorption on the 30th day. The 5 cm treatments and 1-5 cm gradation showed a reduction (absorption) of 0.19 and 0.27 grams per liter of nitrate, respectively, compared to the control treatment. According to the results, mineral pumice, an economical resource, can be used to absorb nitrate from nitrate solutions. Moreover, the used mineral pumice could find applications as a soil texture modifier or fertilizer in various fields beyond nitrate absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigation of carbon monoxide gas adsorption on the Al2O3/Pd(NO3)2/zeolite composite film
Nastaran Mozaffari Alireza Haji Seyed Mirzahosseini Amir Hossein Sari Leila Fekri Aval -
Open Access Article
3 - Synthesis of activated carbon cellulose lignin residue in order to reduce nitrate from aqueous solutions, case study of drinking water in Mlard city
Maryam Khandani Lobat Taghavi Fariba Zamani HargalaniNitrate pollution is a pervasive and international challenge worldwide and trigger various environmental issues and negative effects on the earth. Therefore, studies and researches in the field of nitrate reduction from drinking water are crucial. The present study synt MoreNitrate pollution is a pervasive and international challenge worldwide and trigger various environmental issues and negative effects on the earth. Therefore, studies and researches in the field of nitrate reduction from drinking water are crucial. The present study synthesized activated carbon from plum kernel and then the effect of activated carbon produced in reducing the concentration of nitrate in the water of wells supplying drinking water in Mallard region. In this study, a sample of activated carbon adsorbent was synthesized by pyrolysis furnace method. The structure of synthesized activated carbon was confirmed using XRD, FTIR and BET analyzes. The results showed that at 25 °C, 120 min, pH=5 and with the activated carbon 80 mg L-1, nitrate concentration can be reduced 45%. Studies in Friendlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models also showed that the nitrate adsorption process completely followed the Langmuir adsorption equation and the value of R2 was 85 percent. The findings of the present study showed that activated carbon synthesized from plum kernel lingocellulosic residue is an acceptable option for reducing nitrate from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Thermodynamics of Non-Ideality and Ion-Association in Saturated Aqueous Solution of Barium Nitrate at 25° C
M. Aghaie H. Aghaie A. Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
5 - Synthesis, Identification and Calculation of Complex Crystallographic Structure of Cobalt (II) with theLigand Heterocyclic Derived from Pyridine
Mohammad Mahdi Akbarzadeh Khirollah Mehrani Shahriar Ghammamy Vahideh Hadigheh Rezvan -
Open Access Article
6 - Assessment of Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Contamination of Shoush Plain Using Iso-Parameter Maps, Factor and Cluster Analysis
H.R NaseriFactor analysis of the hydrogeochemical data obtained in four rounds of sampling thegroundwater of Shoush plain reveals that the groundwater composition is largelycontrolled by the geochemical processes viz. dissolution, sedimentation and ionicexchange and surface activ MoreFactor analysis of the hydrogeochemical data obtained in four rounds of sampling thegroundwater of Shoush plain reveals that the groundwater composition is largelycontrolled by the geochemical processes viz. dissolution, sedimentation and ionicexchange and surface activities such as agriculture have little effect on it. Amongstothers, gypsum dissolution is the greatest contributer in regional groundwaterevolution since it increases the concentration of calcium, magnesium and sulphate ionson one hand and reduces the alkalinity through the processes of dedolomitization andcalcite deposition. The dendogram resulting from the cluster analysis also indicates thedominance of bicarbonate type in the unconfined aquifer of Shoush plain. Thesimilarity of Iso-EC and Iso-Cl Maps illustrates the effects of evaporation on thegroundwater composition of Shoush plain. Nitrate contamination is localized and is notspread in the Plain while bacterial contamination is associated with human and animalwaste that are diffused from sewage outlets, cesspools and irrigation wastewater intothe environment. Pollution probability increases from NE to SW corresponding to theflow direction of the groundwater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Soil nitrate transport in subsurface drip irrigation with different lateral spacing under turfgrass culture using municipal wastewater
سید حسن طباطبائی سیدمحمد موسویThe main objective of this study was determination of the effects of water quality, installation depth and space of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) laterals on soil nitrate under turfgrass culture at the experimental farm of the Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. MoreThe main objective of this study was determination of the effects of water quality, installation depth and space of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) laterals on soil nitrate under turfgrass culture at the experimental farm of the Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Split Split Plot was employed as the experimental design with experimental arrangement of completely randomized block design including 16 treatments and three replications. Treatments included two types of water quality: fresh water (W) and treated wastewater (WW), two installation spacing of SDI laterals (45 and 60 cm) and four depths of placement of SDI dripper (15, 20, 25 and 30 cm). Soil samples were collected from two layers (0-30 and 30-60 cm) and analyzed for No3- at the end of the experiment. The ANOVA results show that interaction of irrigation water quality × lateral spacing × installation depth of SDI laterals was significant on No3- concentration in the layers. The results indicated that irrigation with the wastewater as compared to fresh water causes higher No3- concentration. The No3- concentration in the first and second layers increased by increasing lateral spacing. Also in the first layer, by increasing of lateral depth No3- concentration decreased at first, then increased, whereas in the second layer with increasing lateral depth, decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Influence of different subsurface drainage systems on nitrate losses from rainfed-canola croplands
Farzad HaghNazari Fatemeh Karandish Abdullah Darzi-Naftchali Jirka SimunekIn this research, which was carried out in the 4.5-ha consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during two cropping cycles of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, the influence of different drainage systems on total nitrate loss into l MoreIn this research, which was carried out in the 4.5-ha consolidated paddy fields of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during two cropping cycles of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, the influence of different drainage systems on total nitrate loss into local surface water resources was investigated. These systems included three regular subsurface drainage systems with different drain depths and spacings of, respectively, 0.9 m and 30 m (D0.90L30), 0.65 m and 30 m (D0.65L30), and 0.65 m and 15 m (D0.65L15), and a bilevel drainage system consisting of four drain lines with 15 m spacing and 0.65 and 0.9 m alternative depth (Bilevel). In addition to daily measuring drainage fluxes, nitrate concentrations in the collected drainage water were also measured every other weeks during the cropping cycles. Daily average drainage discharges under Bilevel, D0.90L30, D0.65L30, and D0.65L15 varied in the ranges of 0-231 cm3 s-1, 0-220 cm3 s-1, 0-227 cm3 s-1 and 0-250 cm3 s-1, respectively. Analyzing precipitation-drainage discharge correlations reveals that the precipitation intensity of 10 mm d-1 is the threshold of drainage capacity reduction, and precipitation intensities beyond this threshold may result in water logging challenges in the study area. Consolidating the selected drainage systems may result in annual nitrate losses of 2.2-34.7 kg ha-1 into the surface water resources; however, the D0.65L30 systems may have less environmental consequences in this view of point. Therefore, environmentally sustainable operations of these systems for expanding rainfed-cropping requires precious investigations when selecting drain depths and spacings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Groundwater quality trend analysis and zoning using TFPW-MK and GIS(Case Study: Najaf Abad Aquifer)
Hojjat Yonesi Hasan Torabipoudeh Babak Shahinejad Azadeh Arshia hafez mirzapourInvestigating the quality and contamination of groundwater resources in the planning and development of water resources is very important and necessary. The purpose of this study is to map the quality of water, pollution, and study the trend of changes in quality parame MoreInvestigating the quality and contamination of groundwater resources in the planning and development of water resources is very important and necessary. The purpose of this study is to map the quality of water, pollution, and study the trend of changes in quality parameters in the long run in Najafabad aquifer. For this purpose, the parameters EC, TDS, SAR, pH, TH, Cl, CO3, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, NO3 and heavy elements including zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and arsenic were investigated from laboratory samples. . The agricultural water quality classification according to the Wilcox diagram is mainly in the range of C3-S1 and in the drinking water according to the Schuler diagram it is mainly acceptable and intermediate and in some cases inappropriate. The amount of heavy elements is allowed. The trend of changes in qualitative parameters was evaluated using MK and TFPW-MK methods and the results showed that water quality decreased over time. Some qualitative parameters were mapped in ArcGIS environment. The average nitrate concentration was calculated to be 63.13 mg / L and the maximum nitrate concentration in the northern and central parts of the aquifer was 193 mg / L. Regarding the results of this study, continuous monitoring and quantitative and qualitative investigations of groundwater resources and necessary measures to control pollution in the Najafabad aquifer area is very necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Sensitivity analysis of CSM-CERES-MAIZE to field capacity in simulation of nitrogen fate
Rahele Malekian Mahdi GheysariCERES is a family of crop-soil-atmosphere models which is a component of the DSSAT, can successfully simulate N budget of the crop-soil system and also different N management scenarios. Field capacity (FC) is one of the important parameters of soil-water-crop-atmosphere MoreCERES is a family of crop-soil-atmosphere models which is a component of the DSSAT, can successfully simulate N budget of the crop-soil system and also different N management scenarios. Field capacity (FC) is one of the important parameters of soil-water-crop-atmosphere models which the accurate measurement of this parameter is very expensive and time consuming. In this study the sensitivity of the CSM-CERES-Maize model to FC in simulation of soil nitrate and ammonium concentration in different soil layers, and plant N uptake was evaluated. The study was performed using the experimental data obtained from the field study conducted on silage maize in 2003 and 2004 at the south of Tehran, Iran. The treatments were four irrigation levels of 0.7, 0.85, 1 and 1.13 soil moisture depletion with three fertilizer levels (0, 150, and 200 kg N ha-1). The results showed that the percentage change of simulated soil nitrate concentration was between 7.17 and 96.75 due to 25% change of FC (either increase or decrease). This value for simulated soil ammonium concentration was between 33.31 and 139.01. The CERES model was sensitive to FC changes in simulation of soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations and its sensitivity was different in soil layers. This model was little sensitive to FC changes in simulation of mineralization, nitrification, and plant N concentration. Overall the results revealed that an exact determination of FC can reduce uncertainty in simulation of soil nitrate and ammonium concentration using the CERES model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Nitrate contamination of groundwater and assessment potential and sources of pollution in the Evan plain
Saedeh Samani Nasrolah Klantari Mohamad Hosein RahimiAssessing pollution potential and amount of nitrate contamination in Evan plain as results of husbandry and fertilizer applications is of great importance for this plain. In this study, 16 wells and several surface water sources were sampled. Nitrate concentra MoreAssessing pollution potential and amount of nitrate contamination in Evan plain as results of husbandry and fertilizer applications is of great importance for this plain. In this study, 16 wells and several surface water sources were sampled. Nitrate concentrations in these samples were analyzed and were compared to drinking water standards proposed by EPA. The results indicated that most amounts of Nitrate can be found at north part of Evan plain that generally are less than 37 mg/lit. To assess the source of groundwater NO3, the NO3/Cl and NO3/K charts were used. High NO3 concentration and low Cl concentration in the samples from north of Evan plain groundwater was related to leaching of chemical fertilizers to groundwater. Spatial distribution of nitrate concentration confirmed the output of both GOD and AVI models where they predicted maximum NO3 concentration at north part of the Evan plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizers with Chlorophyll Meter for Determining Health Production
jafar shahabi Mohammadmehdi TehraniBackground and Objective: Excessive use of nitrogen pollutes water, soil and plant resources. One of the appropriate solutions in determining the correct and timely amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the use of chlorophyll meter. The purpose of this study is to reduce the MoreBackground and Objective: Excessive use of nitrogen pollutes water, soil and plant resources. One of the appropriate solutions in determining the correct and timely amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the use of chlorophyll meter. The purpose of this study is to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers and prevent nitrate leaching and its entry into groundwater sources. Method: Using chlorophyll assay in leaves, an experiment using 6 treatments of nitrogen fertilizer including: 50, 150, 100, 200, 250 and 300 kg per hectare of urea source in a randomized complete block design with three replications, two locations and It ran for a year. At the stem stage, the chlorophyll in the leaves of the wheat flag was read using a chlorophyll meter. Considering the number 45 as a reference, the amounts of nitrogen road fertilizer at the stem stage were calculated and, if necessary, provided to experimental plots. Findings: With the recommendation of nitrogen fertilizer road using chlorophyll meter, nitrate concentration in soil and plants was reduced. In this study, the nitrogen fertilizer road recommendation was saved so that in the application treatments of 250 and 300 kg / ha nitrogen fertilizer was 25 and 21%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: By using chlorophyll meter in recommending nitrogen fertilizer road in wheat, significant savings can be achieved in consumption. This will produce a healthy crop with less nitrate and prevent nitrate from entering groundwater. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of Sub Lethal Concentration Toxicity of Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) on Some of Hematology and Immunology Indices in Goldfish (Carassius Auratus)
Safoura Abarghouei Seyed Aliakbar Hedayati Rasoul Ghorbani Hamed Paknejad Tahere BagheriBackground and Objective: Todays, due to the antibacterial properties, silver compounds are used in various industries. The effects of non-essential heavy metals such as silver are irreversible in aquatics body. In the present study, the sub lethal effects of silver nit MoreBackground and Objective: Todays, due to the antibacterial properties, silver compounds are used in various industries. The effects of non-essential heavy metals such as silver are irreversible in aquatics body. In the present study, the sub lethal effects of silver nitrate were investigated on hematological and immunological indices of goldfish (Carassius auratus) as a model in the Cyprinid fishes. Method: 105 Fish were randomly assigned to in 15 fiberglass tanks (Per tanks 400 liters). 12 tank for different concentrations of silver nitrate and 3 tank for control groups. Each treatment was separately exposed to effective concentrations of silver nitrate 0.01, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm and for hematological and biochemical test, 9 fish were randomly selected from each treatment. Findings: The results showed that different concentrations of silver nitrate affected (reduce) blood erythrocyte (P>0.05) but did not affect blood leukocyte. Discussion and Conclusion: These resultsmay be due to the resistance of the Goldfish compared to others and blood erythrocyte indices can be used as a suitable biomarker of silver pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Novel Application of Combined Biological and Physical Method for Nitrate and Nitrite Removal from Water
Shabnam Shahveh Mehdi Sedighi Majid MohammadiBackground and Objective: Large amounts of nitrate and nitrite in water cause different diseases in human and jeopardize plants and animals growth cycles. In this study in order to remove nitrate and nitrite ions from input of sample water, including high concentrations MoreBackground and Objective: Large amounts of nitrate and nitrite in water cause different diseases in human and jeopardize plants and animals growth cycles. In this study in order to remove nitrate and nitrite ions from input of sample water, including high concentrations of nitrate by combining biological and physical methods a pilot was designed and tested. It should be noted that industrialization, cheap and availability of used materials in this pilot are benefits of this pilot. Method: The pilot was designed in the form of a cube with four drawers and a glass chamber at one end. The pilot drawers were filled with sawdust, wastewater (wastewater treatment plant in Islamic Azad University, Tehran) of treatment plant, including the best strain, handmade nitrate solution, the bentonite and twice washed sand. The experiments showed that the designed pilot in addition to the elimination of nitrate also removes the nitrite of the medium. The concentration of nitrate and nitrite was analysed by HACH/DR5000 spectophotometer. Findings: In the case of the pilot performance of the continuous system and using the strains taken from the wastewater of the treatment plant after the aeration phase, the nitrate and nitrite removal efficiency of the input of sample water in 20 minutes retention time were measured 74.84% and 99.8% respectively. Additionally, in the case of the pilot performance in the continuous system and using the strains taken from the sludge of the treatment plant wastewater before the aeration phase and the yeast, the nitrate and nitrite removal efficiency in 20 minutes retention time were measured 72.63% and 56.33% respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: During the experiments, the designed pilot had a promising role in the nitrate and nitrite removal. In the case of the pilot performance of the continuous system and using the strains taken from the wastewater of the treatment plant after the aeration phase, the maximum amount of nitrite and nitrate ions were removed. It should be noted that through the pilot performance in all cases, pH and temperature had an increasing and decreasing trend respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Laboratory Study on Efficiency of Bioadsorbents for the Removal of Nitrate from Aqueous Solutions
Karamat Akhavan Giglou Ali Shahnazari Bahman YargholiBackground and Objective: Today, development of irrigated lands is faced with limited resources. With the increased water scarcity, the importance of using municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater is increasing. This study was conducted on laboratory scale to i MoreBackground and Objective: Today, development of irrigated lands is faced with limited resources. With the increased water scarcity, the importance of using municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater is increasing. This study was conducted on laboratory scale to investigate the efficiency of some bioadsorbents (rice husks, wheat straw, woodchips and cotton stalks) in removing nitrate from aqueous solutions and their application as bio filters in agricultural wastewater treatment. Method: First, absorbents were well-washed with distilled water, dried and crushed by the mill, and percolated through a standard sieve mesh 30 to obtain uniform powder from the absorbent samples. In order to prepare the required concentrations, nitrate solution was added to the distilled water with certain amount of potassium nitrate. For each bioadsorber, a spectrophotometer was used to measure the extent of nitrate removal at contact periods in order to determine the periods required to reach equilibrium, the optimum pH values of adsorbents, and the suitable concentrations of adsorbents. Findings: Results indicated the significant differences at the confidence level of 99% among the adsorbents in removing nitrate and these adsobents significantly reduced the nitrate in aquous soloutions. In the four adsorbents, the nitrate removal rates at the studied contact periods (5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 minute) were statistically significant at the confidence level of 99%. Results from determining the suitable concentrations of the four studied adsorbents to reach the maximum efficiency showed that 1 g in 40 ml solution was the most suitable concentration. Moreover, reduction in the adsorbents amounts reduced their efficiencies. Study of isotherm models indicated that for all the studied adsorbents correlation coefficients in Langmuir’s isotherm model were higher compared to Friedrich isotherm model. Therefore, Langmuir isotherm model was more suitable for predicting nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by bioadsorbents. Discussion and Conclusion: Plant absorbers significantly reduce the amount of nitrate in aqueous solution. In this study, Langmuir model can be used as an adsorption isotherm.for adsorption of the bioadsorbents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effectiveness of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles in Nitrate Removal from Water Emphasizing on the Influence of Acidity
Ali Daryabeigi Zand Shima ZiajahromiBackground and Objective: Drinking water supply is an important environmental challenge throughout the world. Water pollution with nitrate is a serious human health hazard in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of synthesized zero-valen MoreBackground and Objective: Drinking water supply is an important environmental challenge throughout the world. Water pollution with nitrate is a serious human health hazard in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of synthesized zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles in removal of nitrate from water emphasizing on the influence of pH variation on performance of nanoparticles. Method: ZVI nanoparticles were synthesized in the laboratory and measured for dimension with Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) before using in the experiment. Impact of ZVI nanoparticles dosage on the removal of nitrate from water was also examined in this study. Findings: Results indicated that performance of ZVI nanoparticles in the removal of nitrate is greater in acidic environment compared to neutral and basic state. In addition, pH increased over the course of the experiment at initial acidic and neutral states. Discussion and Conclusion: Application of small amount of ZVI nanoparticles can reduce nitrate content in water significantly. The principal fraction of removal reaction was achieved at initial stages due to acidic condition. Results of the present study showed application of small amounts of ZVI nanoparticles can reduce nitrate concentration in waster scales significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation and Determination of the Spatial Distribution of Nitrate and Electrical Conductivity in Groundwater by Geostatistical Method (Case Study: Kabudrahng Plain)
Omid bahmani Adel zaliBackground and Objective: Nitrate contamination in drinking and agricultural water is increasing in the Kabudrahng plain. Farmer's Tendency to use a variety of animal and chemical fertilizers has increased the amount of nitrate in groundwater in this region. This study MoreBackground and Objective: Nitrate contamination in drinking and agricultural water is increasing in the Kabudrahng plain. Farmer's Tendency to use a variety of animal and chemical fertilizers has increased the amount of nitrate in groundwater in this region. This study aims to determine the most appropriate geostatistical methods to analyze the spatial variation of nitrate and electrical conductivity of the Kabudrahng groundwater plain.Material and Methodology: The trend of nitrate changes and groundwater electrical conductivity in 41 and 152 wells were investigated using MNITAB16.2 software and the most suitable geostatistical method was determined with ARCGIS9.3 software. To determine the most appropriate geostatistical methods for zoning nitrate and groundwater electrical conductivity used the ordinary kriging (OK), simple kriging (SK) and the specific methods include the inverse distance, weights (ID(, radial basis functions (RBF), global polynomial interpolator (GPI) and local polynomial interpolator (LPI) with ARCGIS9.3.Findings: The results showed that the best method for zoning the electrical conductivity was the RBF method with RMSE=837.07, MAE= 548.01 and R=0.841 and simple kriging (SK) with RMSE=900.68, MAE=581.8 and R=0.699 and the best way to zoning the nitrate was the RBF method with RMSE=3.76, MAE=2.42 and R=0.351 and ordinary kriging (OK) with RMSE=3.86, MAE=2.51 and R=0.372.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the standard of California, 8 percent of the plain area had an electrical conductivity less than 700 μmho/cm, 77 percent between 700 to 3000 μmho/cm, and 15 percent above 3000 μmho/cm. The distribution of nitrate concentrations showed that about 85.57% of the area was lower than 5 mg/liter, 14.43% between 5-30 mg/l, and there was no severe pollution in the plain. The spatial distribution pattern indicated that high levels of electrical conductivity were observed in the western and southwestern parts of the plain. The amount of nitrate in groundwater was in the good range, but in southern and southwestern plains was higher than the standard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Study and Compare Nitrate Intake Of The Vegetable In South Of Tehran
Afsoon Baharipoor Reza Arjmandi Roxana Mooguei Mohammad kazaem RamezaniBackground and Objective: Fresh and processed vegetables, in particular leafy vegetables are main sources of nitrate in the diet. The growth level and absence of contamination matters of these vegetables, particularly their cultivation in farm lands, in the suburb which MoreBackground and Objective: Fresh and processed vegetables, in particular leafy vegetables are main sources of nitrate in the diet. The growth level and absence of contamination matters of these vegetables, particularly their cultivation in farm lands, in the suburb which may using sewage, is so critical. The primary target of this research is to determine nitrate concentration in the edible parts of radish, mint and parsley, and compare them with allowance limits and then introducing the most nitrate intaking herbs of the southern region of Tehran , in 2015. Material and Methodology: Demanded products have been collected during three times sampling from Ahmadieh agricultural complex located in south of Tehran, in August and September of 2015, and the examinations have been repeated in three times for each sample. Eventually 90 samples were tested. The examinations carried out based on instruction provided by Iranian National Standard Organization Findings: The results showed that mean concentration of nitrate in radish, radish leaves, mint leaves, mint roots, shoot mint, parsley leaf and parsley stem are respectively 19.02 ±1.342, 11.00±0.895, 17.70±1.369, 26.69±1.936, 20.82±1.261, 22.43±1.00 mg/kg, and also is indicative of the highest nitrate concentration is related to the mint and the lowest concentration in the radish, among all tested samples. Discussion and Conclusion: By considering vegetables watering with sewages in this region which could increase nitrate concentration in the products, Then it is necessary to check nitrate concentration of more samples to achieve an accurate result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Ground Water Modeling to Estimate Nitrate Dispersion in Critical Aquifers (A Case Study: Mashhad City)
Akbar Baghvand Ali Vosoogh Saeed Givehchi Ali Daryabeigi ZandAt present, due to inefficient and incorrect management, most domestic aquifers in Iran, particularly in dry regions, including the Mashhad plain, face lowering levels of lakes and ponds in water storage and are sometimes subject to various pollutants. In fact, a main a MoreAt present, due to inefficient and incorrect management, most domestic aquifers in Iran, particularly in dry regions, including the Mashhad plain, face lowering levels of lakes and ponds in water storage and are sometimes subject to various pollutants. In fact, a main and significant index which shows the aquifers infections is that nitrate is found in water. In this research, an attempt has been made to prepare a mathematical model for qualitative and quantitative value of the Mashhad plain aquifer. Consequently, the aquifer’s behavior is predicted and simulated based on nitrate ion during the last twelve years. In order to develop a mathematical model for qualitative and quantitative value of Mashhad plain’s aquifer, meteorological, hydrological and hydro geological data and statistics were analyzed using Surfer Ver. 8 software, computer code Modflow 2000 and GMS processor. After calibration settings and verification, this mathematical model is achieved. Results indicate that in the year 2022 the problematic issue of nitrate infections will remain intact for most central and eastern parts of the Mashhad aquifer and its density in these regions varies from 10 to 90mg. Based on this information, in most regions nitrate density is more than the permitted amount (45mg per liter) and the annual mean drop value for this aquifer (0.90 meter) shows its critical situation. The main reason for this aquifer’s pollution during recent years is non-standard waste gathering and sewage burying methods and combination with water wells, thus its penetration through these water wells into the aquifer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparison of Inhibitory Effects of Potassium Chloride, Ammonium Chloride and 3, 4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on Nitrification
mohammad kazem souri kamalsadat asilan Volker Roemheld moein naijiNitrification is the microbial oxidation of ammonium to nitrate in the soil which results nitrate loss and water resource contamination. Nitrification inhibitors basically evolved to improve nitrogen use efficiency of crops particularly in vegetable production systems. MoreNitrification is the microbial oxidation of ammonium to nitrate in the soil which results nitrate loss and water resource contamination. Nitrification inhibitors basically evolved to improve nitrogen use efficiency of crops particularly in vegetable production systems. They also aimed to reduce nitrate accumulation and oxalate problems in fresh leafy vegetables، as well as less ground water nitrate content. The effectiveness of two types of chloride salts were compared to 3، 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)، as a standard synthetic nitrification inhibitor، in pot experiment under controlled conditions. Results showed that DMPP strongly inhibited nitrification during the whole period of experiment (7 weeks). On the other hand، chloride in forms of ammonium chloride and potassium chloride، significantly inhibited nitrification compared to control at all sampling dates. Inhibitory effects of chloride were positively correlated to chloride concentrations، in which higher concentration (500 mg/kg soil) showed more effective inhibition compared to less concentration (250 or 100 mg/kg soil). The results also indicated that apart from commercial nitrification inhibitors، chloride also can retard nitrification in soil. Therefore، where chloride is not a soil problem، chloride forms of nitrogen fertilizers could significantly increase nitrogen use efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigating the effect of modified zeolite on redaction of nitrate in potable water well in Karaj Suger Factory
Soraya Kashki Amir hessam Hassani Aida BayatiBackground and Objective: Pollution and high level of nitrogen in underground water resources are the major agricultural and environmental contemporary concerns. Inappropriate use and management of nitrogen fertilizers in the last decades exacerbated the environmental p MoreBackground and Objective: Pollution and high level of nitrogen in underground water resources are the major agricultural and environmental contemporary concerns. Inappropriate use and management of nitrogen fertilizers in the last decades exacerbated the environmental pollution. Nitrogen fertilizers appear in the environment in three ion forms of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium. Nitrate itself is non-toxic, but its reduction to nitrite by gastric bacteria can endanger human health and cause cancer, intensified cardiovascular diseases, methemoglobinemia, and eutrophication. Hence, presenting solutions to remove nitrogen concentration, which is one of the major environmental pollutants, from polluted waters is necessary. There are many physical and chemical methods to remove nitrogen; however, because of high costs and limited application of some methods, recently the use of natural methods and application of cheap absorbents such as zeolite have been tried recently. Method: In this study, zeolites from Khorasan-e-Razavi mines were used to remove nitrate ion from laboratory solutions. The zeolites were modified using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide organic surfactant to improve their absorbing efficiency. Absorbent dosage, equilibrium time, pH effect, optimum nitrate concentration to be absorbed by zeolite were investigated. Findings and Conclusion: Increase of absorbent dosage has a good effect on nitrate removal, and showed a 22.3% absorbing capacity in 2 g/L concentration. Increase of treatment time had no effect on absorption and a 15-m treatment caused a removal of 52%. Change of pH led to significant nitrate removal of 100%. For nitrate concentrations in the range of 5 to 50 mg/L, increase of nitrate concentration leads to reduction in absorption, and nitrate absorption by zeolite resulted in nitrate removal of about 20% . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability in Lenjan district toTotal Organic Carbon, Nitrate and Cations and Anions using GIS in Pilot Scale
Afshin Ebrahimi Mohammad Mahdi Amin Mahdi Hajian Bijhan BinaGroundwaters can be polluted due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. These water resources are directly used as community’s drinking water. Therefor, pollution vulnerability assessment of them can help the local and national managers and decision make MoreGroundwaters can be polluted due to various natural and anthropogenic activities. These water resources are directly used as community’s drinking water. Therefor, pollution vulnerability assessment of them can help the local and national managers and decision makers in control of many discharged pollutants. For this purpose, the aquifer vulnerability of Najaf Abad plain (Lenjan District) has been surveyed in this study. Today, Geographical Information System (GIS) is used for assessment of vulnerability of groundwater systems. Therefor, GIS was also used to determine the different degrees of vulnerability in the study area. For this purpose, different information layers were prepared. These information layers included electrical conductivity, nitrate, total organic carbon, sulfate, chloride and total hardness concentration which were obtained from 25 wells in Lenjan district through sampling during 4 seasons from summer of 2008 to spring of 2009. Finally, after weight ratings and overlaying of the information layers, the vulnerability of areas were determined both seasonally and annually. Results of chemical analysis of the samples showed that the highest concentrations of nitrate, total hardness, chloride, sulfate and EC levels for spring of 2009 were 98, 3800, 6745, and 3780 mg/L and 14.5 mS/cm, respectively. In contrast, the highest concentration of TOC occurred in summer of 2008 was 21.6 mg/L. However, the lowest concentrations of these agrichemicals were recorded in summer and autumn of 2008. The results obtained with the help of GIS showed that the area in the center of Lenjan district, that had clay type of soil and average groundwater depth compared to the adjacent regions, had the lowest vulnerability to analyzed pollutants. Therefore, vulnerability of the areas increased by moving towards the east of Lenjan district. Thus, digging a well in this vulnerable area will be faced with water resources pollution Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of the sub-lethal effects of silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration toxicity on some hematology and immunology indices in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Safoura Abarghouei Seyed Ali Akbar Hedayati Rasoul Ghorbani Hamed Kolangi Miyandareh Tahereh BagheriBackground and Objective: Among metal pollutants silver ions are the most toxic forms, and have been assigned to the highest toxicity class. Today, due to the antibacterial properties of silver compounds they are used in various industries. The effects of non-esse MoreBackground and Objective: Among metal pollutants silver ions are the most toxic forms, and have been assigned to the highest toxicity class. Today, due to the antibacterial properties of silver compounds they are used in various industries. The effects of non-essential heavy metals such as silver are irreversible on aquatic animals’ body. In the present study, the sub-ethal effects of silver nitrate on hematology and Immunology parameters of goldfish (Carassius auratus) as a model species in Cyprinidae family were investigated. Method: 105 fish werer randomly placed in 15 fiberglass tanks (400 liters); 12 tanks were used for different concentrations of silver nitrate and 3 tanks were used for control groups. The fishe of each treatment were separately exposed to effective silver nitrate concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm, and for hematological and biochemical test, nine fish were randomly selected from each treatment. Measured indices were total number of white blood cells (leukocytes), lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophil, total number of red blood cells (erythrocytes), hemoglobin content, hematocrit level, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin the corpuscular (MCH), hemoglobin concentration and serum glucoses. Conclusion: The results showed that different concentrations of silver nitrate influenced blood erythrocyte (P>0.05) but did not affect blood leukocyte, which may be due to the resistance of the gold fish compared to others. Blood could be introduced as a suitable biomarker of silver pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigation of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater, Soil, and Crops (Case Study: Fasa Plain)
Zohreh Moosavinasab Firoozeh GholamzadehBackground and Aim: Nitrate contamination in groundwater resources and crops is increasing due to human activities and urban development. This study has aimed to investigate on nitrate contamination in groundwater, soil, and some crops of Fasa plain.Methods: After sampl MoreBackground and Aim: Nitrate contamination in groundwater resources and crops is increasing due to human activities and urban development. This study has aimed to investigate on nitrate contamination in groundwater, soil, and some crops of Fasa plain.Methods: After sampling of groundwater, soil, and some crops, the nitrate content and the other quality parameters were measured. T-tests and a data correlation test were performed using SPSS and Excell software to investigate on nitrate contamination and its origin. Spatial zoning of nitrate also performed using ArcGIS.Results: The statistical test indicated the presence of nitrate contamination in the groundwater of the region; however, the soil did not show nitrate contamination in the area. Nitrate level in four types of crops, lettuce, beans, onions, and spinach, was within the allowable range, and in beans, it is close to the allowable limit. At the same time, among the leafy plants, the concentration of nitrate in lettuce was higher than in spinach, and it was lower in onions than in the others.Discussion and Conclusion: The lack of significant correlation between nitrate ions and the other ions of lithological origin suggests the anthropogenic origin of nitrate in the groundwater in the region. The high ratio of nitrate to chloride also indicates the significant impact of chemical fertilizers and the less important role of domestic wastewater, especially in the outlet of the plain. The amount of nitrate in some of the studied crops is close to the permissible level, shows the need to pay attention to their consumption and continuous monitoring of water, soil, and plants in terms of the pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the effect of agricultural use on nitrate concentration in underground water sources using mathematical modeling based on regression equations (case study: Ray Plain)
Pegah mohammadpour Reza Arjmandi Amirhessam Hassani Jamal GhodusiBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can MoreBackground and Objective: Relationship between agricultural use area and fertilizer consumed with changes in groundwater nitrate concentrations is one of the direct methods of agricultural use on nitrate concentration and groundwater inflammation in each region that can manage managers in proper management. Help ground water resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in agricultural and chemical area of consumed on the increase in nitrate concentrations in groundwater sources in Ray plain. Research method: In this study, Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for the years 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2020 were used to monitor land use changes. After processing the images, the area of agricultural land was calculated. According to the statistics obtained from the amount of chemical fertilizer consumed and the qualitative laboratory results of nitrate concentration changes, the effects of these factors on each other and the mathematical relationships between the variables were tested with the Pearson correlation and linear regression method. Findings: The results show that during the investigated period, agricultural land has increased and barren land has decreased. The consumption of chemical fertilizers has also increased. The level of nitrate concentration of underground water sources shows that during the period under review, the concentration of nitrate in underground water wells has increased. The analysis of the correlation coefficient also showed that at the error level of 1% (99% confidence level) there is a significant relationship between the concentration of nitrates in underground water with the area of agricultural land and the amount of fertilizer used. This means that as the area of agricultural use and the amount of chemical fertilizers increase, the concentration of nitrates in underground water resources also increases. In the presented regression model, the accepted square value (R2) is equal to 0.993 and it indicates a relatively strong relationship between the dependent variable (water nitrate concentration in underground water sources) and the independent variables (agricultural area and the amount of chemical fertilizer used). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that with the increase in the area of agricultural land, the consumption of chemical fertilizers has increased in the research area, and due to the nitrate leaching process from the soil surface, the nitrate concentration in underground water sources has increased, which is one of the important reasons for the increase in nitrate concentration in the study wells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite concentrations in Groundwater Resources of Dehgolan City
Farzaeh Mohammadzaheri Bagher Safari Zahra2 Bagheri Soheil SobhanardakaniNitrate and nitrite ions are important pollutants of surface waters and groundwater resources which can have adverse effects on the health of consumers. Therefore the purpose of this study was determination of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in groundwater resources MoreNitrate and nitrite ions are important pollutants of surface waters and groundwater resources which can have adverse effects on the health of consumers. Therefore the purpose of this study was determination of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in groundwater resources of Dehgolan City.Groundwater samples were collected from20 selected stations during before and after of fertilization periods in 2012. The samples are prepared according to APHA method and concentrations of nitrate and nitrite anions analyzed using spectrophotometer on the wavelengths of 420 and 543 nm respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.The results showed that mean concentrations of nitrate and nitrite anions in groundwater samples for before fertilization period were 8.66±0.97 and 0.001±0.0003 mg L-1, respectively, and for after fertilization period were 69.20±8.82 and 0.013±0.006 mg L-1, respectively. Also comparison of the mean concentration of nitrate in groundwater samples after fertilization period with Iran DOE permissible limits for drinking use showed that significant difference (p<0.05). So that the mean concentration of nitrate significantly upper than permissible limits.Conclusion: According to the results of this study because of the mean concentration of nitrate significantly upper than permissible limits, therefore long-term excessive use of agricultural inputs and construction of polluting industries, can cause a threat to groundwater resources, and health of residents in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Quality Variation of Groundwater in Malayer City with an Emphasis on the Impacts of Agricultural Land Use on the Quality of Water
Mohamad SakizadehThe aim of this study was to investigate the quality of groundwater in a semi-arid environment area in Malayer,Hamedan Province, with respect to a four-year monitoring data using water quality index(WQI) with an emphasis on the agricultural land use 's impacts on MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the quality of groundwater in a semi-arid environment area in Malayer,Hamedan Province, with respect to a four-year monitoring data using water quality index(WQI) with an emphasis on the agricultural land use 's impacts on the water quality. The monitoring data related to 14 water quality parameters associated with 26 sampling wells in 2012-2013 and 19 sampling wells in 2010-2011 were provided. The amount of chlorine residue in 50%percent's of the stations was zero. In addition, the fluoride in 14 stations was less than 0.5 mg/l and for 80.7 percent's of the stations the nitrate values were higher than 13 mg/l. Although, there was a significant difference between the level of some parameters between these two time periods, however, this difference was not that much noticeable.76.9 percent's of the stations were slightly to moderately polluted based on the results of water quality index. As a whole, the amount of nitrate in 21 wells (80.7 percent) was higher than the human induced standard level (13 mg/l) and in two wells were higher than the WHO permissible level (40 mg/l).The regional change of nitrate was increasing from North West to the south east part of the area. Although the overall quality of groundwater has not deteriorated according to WQI but there is a health risk of water for local people especially that is associated with the results of nitrate in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Synthesis of Magnetic Iron-Oxide Nanofiber Composite using Electrospinning: An Absorbent for Removal of Nitrate from Aqueous Solution
Elham Ezzatzadeh Masoumeh Meskinfam Langroudi Farhad Jokari Sheshdeh -
Open Access Article
29 - Study Of(LC50 96 h) and Histopathological Lesions Of Nitrate in TheGill, Liverand Kidney Of Persian Sturgeon Acipenser persicus
Arash Jamshidi Hossein Khara ذبیح الله PazhndInroduction and Objective: Spreading ofpollutants, including nitratecausingacuteor semi-acute poisoningespecially in fry fishin water, its concentrationincause interferencephysiological functionsand causeof unknown death. purpose of thispilotstudy was to determinesafele MoreInroduction and Objective: Spreading ofpollutants, including nitratecausingacuteor semi-acute poisoningespecially in fry fishin water, its concentrationincause interferencephysiological functionsand causeof unknown death. purpose of thispilotstudy was to determinesafelevels ofnitratesin the waterandacuteeffectsonthe gill ,liver andkidneytissuesofsturgeon(Acipenser persicus) which isa valuablefish inthe Caspian Sea.Materials and Methods: The concentration of the initial inception of LC10, LC50 and LC90 during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours according to OECD method, for the nitrate on larve of Acipenser persicus (weighing 2to3g) compared with the control group , were measured. As for the larve, Acipenser persicus 750, 773, 798, 823 and 850 mg per liter of nitrate was calculated.Results: The LC10 of nitrate 24, 48, 72 and 96 was 775.6097, 716.2509, 677.9556 and 669.7878 mg per liter, the LC50 nitrate 909.7434, 825.9397, 793.645 and 764.5538 mg per liter and the LC90 nitrate, 1067.074, 952.4265, 929.076 and 872.728 mg per liter, respectively.Resultsshowed that the gills phenomena such as congestion, swelling of the primary lamella, hyperplasia, adhesions secondary lamella, hemorrhage and necrosis were observed after exposure to nitrate within 96 hours. It should be noted that the severity of injuries getting higher in the plots treated 1 to 5 treatments.In theliverof Persiansturgeonafterexposure adverse effectssuch ashyperemia, cellularnecrosis, bilerecordandcellatrophywas observed, buttheir intensitywasvariedineach treatmentand even insometreatmentsmay be oneofthecomplicationsdo not seen. In thekidneyof Persiansturgeon complications such as hyperemiaandbleeding, melanomacrophage, increasedurinaryspaceandhypertrophywereobserved. Themost common complication were in treatments4and5.Conclusion: According topresentstudy Persiansturgeonissensitivespecies to nitrateandnitriteconcentrationsshould beconsideredingrowthstages. That not bemore thandeclared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Study of interaction between plant nutrition and cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum
Parvin Younesi Hasan Reza Etebarian Ali Mohammad RoustaeeCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such MoreCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 on the growth of fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) on PDA medium and interaction between plant nutrition (N) and cucumber Fusarium wiltdisease on some cultivar of cucumber in greenhouse hydroponic culture were investigated. The effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 were investigated on growth area of F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on PDA medium by a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Variance analysis of growth area of the fungus showed significant effect on the different factors used in this experiment. The highest area growth of fungus was obtained at 0.1 g/l for KNO3 . Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) significantly reduced the mycelial growth compared to the control treatment. Effects of different N levels were investigated on two greenhouse cucumber cultivars (exterem and soltan) at the presence of fungus (F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum). A completely randomized design with 4 replications was used for this experiment. The results showed that increasing of nitrogen level (20 meq/l NO3-) compared to the control treatment (distilled water + fungus) decrease the disease severity. The results showed that cucumber nutrition with nitrogen affects the F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Also the importance of plant nutrituin management for decrease of disease severity was shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Assessment Agro-Physiological Traits Response of Green Bean to Different Level of Nitrogen, Potassium and Zinc Fertilizers
Mohammad Nasri Mansoreh Khalatbari -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigation of Nitrate Concentration in Drinking Water of Different Regions of Mashhad
Ali Javid Sadaf Fathi Fatemeh Asadollah nezhad -
Open Access Article
33 - پیش بینی چگونگی حرکت رطوبت و تجمع نیترات در خاک با استفاده از مدل NLEAP
بابک سیفی امید بهمنیرابطه بین تجمع نیترات در خاک و غلظت آن در آب­های زیرزمینی و در سیستم­های مختلف گیاهی هنوز به­طور کامل شناخته نشده است، اما نشان­دهنده این موضوع است که همبستگی زیادی بین شستشوی نیترات و فاکتورهای محیطی و مدیریتی وجود دارد. در این تحقیق به منظور شبیه­س Moreرابطه بین تجمع نیترات در خاک و غلظت آن در آب­های زیرزمینی و در سیستم­های مختلف گیاهی هنوز به­طور کامل شناخته نشده است، اما نشان­دهنده این موضوع است که همبستگی زیادی بین شستشوی نیترات و فاکتورهای محیطی و مدیریتی وجود دارد. در این تحقیق به منظور شبیه­سازی حرکت نیترات در نیمرخ خاک و تلفات گاز نیتروژن در منطقه توسعه ریشه­ها از مدل NLEAP GIS4.2 استفاده شد. مدل NLEAP GIS 4.2 نسخه جدید و توسعه یافته NLEAP می­باشد که به منظور مدل کردن نیتروژن در خاک­های مختلف به کار می­رود. داده­های مورد استفاده مربوط به مزرعه ARC2-14 از اراضی تحقیقاتی نیشکر در واحد امیر کبیر و تیمارهای اعمال شده شامل آبیاری کامل (I3) و 85 درصد (I2) و 70 درصد(II) از آبیاری کامل و مقادیر کود ازته شامل 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار (N1)، 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار (N2) و 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار (N3) کود اوره می­باشد. مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده غلظت نیترات در پروفیل خاک و مقادیر پیش­بینی شده در طول دوره تحقیق مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مدل NLEAP GIS 4.2 غلظت نیترات خاک را با روالی منطقی پیش­بینی کرده است. هم­چنین دامنه تغییرات پارامترهای AE، RMSE و R2 برای برآورد غلظت نیترات در نیمرخ خاک به ترتیب در بازه­های 4/1- تا 3/2، 7/1- تا 3 و 3/0 تا 99/0 به­دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - مطالعات آزمایشگاهی بررسی میزان حذف نیترات و فسفات در سیستم های زهکش زیرزمینی با استفاده از فیلتر زیستی (مطالعه موردی ناحیه II عمرانی رامهرمز)
مهرداد امیری مهدی اسدی لورفرآیند حذف بیولوژیکی نیترات در منابع آبی از نظر اقتصادی، قابلیت کاربرد و راندمان، مناسب ترین روش میباشد. به علاوه این روش یکی از مناسبترین روش ها جهت حذف آلودگی نیترات در محیط­های اشباع می­باشد. در این تحقیق از روشهای آزمایشگاهی برای بررسی کیفی عملکرد پوشش&sh Moreفرآیند حذف بیولوژیکی نیترات در منابع آبی از نظر اقتصادی، قابلیت کاربرد و راندمان، مناسب ترین روش میباشد. به علاوه این روش یکی از مناسبترین روش ها جهت حذف آلودگی نیترات در محیط­های اشباع می­باشد. در این تحقیق از روشهای آزمایشگاهی برای بررسی کیفی عملکرد پوشش­های مصنوعی و زیستی زهکش­های زیرزمینی استفاده شده است. این بررسیها به منظور کاهش غلظت نیترات و فسفات در پوششهای ژئوتکستایل و بهبود پسابهای زهکشی انجام شده است. در این مطالعه با ساخت نمونه­ی فیزیکی شبیه­ساز زهکش منطقهی مورد آزمایش، بررسی و اندازهگیری نیترات و فسفات ورودی به سیستم و مقدار خروجی آن از مدل و توانایی حذف این دو آلاینده در فیلترهای مصنوعی و زیستی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. پوشش مصنوعی مورد ارزیابی از نوع 450 PP تولید کارخانجات ایرانی است. مدل فیزیکی با مقیاس 10/1 نسبت به زمین واقعی ساخته شد و قطر لوله­های زهکشی مورد استفاده 20 میلی­متر انتخاب شد؛ که در عمق 35 سانتیمتری از سطح خاک کارگذاری شد. اطراف لولههای زهکش توسط پوششهای مصنوعی پوشانده و در مرحله بعد به دلیل نیاز به منابع کربنی بیشتر جهت فرآیندهای میکروبی دنیتریفیکاسیون و حذف بیشتر نیترات با فیلتر زیستی (پوشال جو) پوشانده شد. تمام پوشش­ها از نظر استاندارد کومو مورد تایید قرار گرفت. میزان غلظت نیترات و فسفات ورودی و خروجی مدل با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتوفتومتر اندازهگیری شد. نتایج حاصل از کاربرد فیلترهای زیستی نشان از حذف نیترات ورودی بعد از گذشت 20 روز از شروع آزمایش و آزاد شدن کربن پوشال جو را داشت. نیترات ورودی به مدل در ابتدای آزمایش 160 میلیگرم بر لیتر مشخص شد؛ که این مقدار در خروجی به مقدار تقریبی 20 میلیگرم بر لیتر رسید. این مقدار نشان از حذف حدود 87 درصد از نیترات ورودی به مدل فیزیکی بود. میزان فسفات ورودی و خروجی از مدل تقریبا برابر بوده و حذف فسفات توسط فیلترها انجام نشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Kahriz plain aquifer vulnerability assessment using Drastic Model in GIS
yousef mohebbi Asghar Asghari MoghaddamAquifer vulnerability assessment is very important for developing, management, making land use decisions, monitoring of groundwater resources quality and prevent groundwater contamination. In this research, vulnerability of Kahriz plain aquifer was evaluated by DR MoreAquifer vulnerability assessment is very important for developing, management, making land use decisions, monitoring of groundwater resources quality and prevent groundwater contamination. In this research, vulnerability of Kahriz plain aquifer was evaluated by DRASTIC model and Geographic Information System (GIS). The model combines seven hydrological factors affecting groundwater contamination. These factors include: depth of groundwater level, aquifer net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, Unsaturated Zone and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Based on overlapping of resultant map vulnerability zoning map of the aquifer was prepared. Two main vulnerable zones including low and moderate vulnerable zone were determined. Area of moderate and low vulnerable zones are about 78 and 22 percent, respectively. Model validation was performed using the dispersion of nitrate concentration in the aquifer. Almost all areas with high nitrate were in the moderate vulnerable range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Health risk assessment of fluoride and nitrate in Lar area, south Iran
masume nikbakht Mohsen Rezaei Ata ShakeriReducing the quality of ground water in arid and semi-arid southern regions of Iran, most of the pollution is geogenic source and human source. Among the many harmful contaminants, nitrate and fluoride contamination are more spread. In this study, in order to evaluate f MoreReducing the quality of ground water in arid and semi-arid southern regions of Iran, most of the pollution is geogenic source and human source. Among the many harmful contaminants, nitrate and fluoride contamination are more spread. In this study, in order to evaluate fluoride and nitrate concentrations and compare the results with national and international standards, health risk assessment was conducted in non-cancer diseases in the aquifer of Lar. In this study, more than 17 wells in two wet seasons (May) and the dry season (September) were sampled. Selected wells used primarily for agriculture. Anions values, Cl, and Cations Ca, K, Na, Mg, using APHA were analyzed in the laboratory. The human health risk assessment using indicators Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was measured. The average concentration of fluoride and nitrate in the wet season F=2.9 NO3=19.7 and the dry season F=1.8 and NO3 = 16.3ppm, respectively. Risk factor (HQ) and CRlim (maximum water) was calculated for the elements fluorine and nitrate. The results show that the measured concentration for nitrate and fluoride elements in some samples taken over the limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water and hence the aquifer for domestic water use for people and especially the reported amounts of fluorine is dangerous for children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Survey of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in villages of Sari well-waters
M.A Zezoli اسمعیل GHahremani مهدی GHorbanian پگاه Bahmani کبری Zabih zadehDue to carcinogenic and other hazardous effects of nitrate and nitrite this study has been done. TheObjective of this study was survey of nitrate and nitrite concentration at well-waters in villages of Saricity in 2008-2009 and comparison them with standard levels.In th MoreDue to carcinogenic and other hazardous effects of nitrate and nitrite this study has been done. TheObjective of this study was survey of nitrate and nitrite concentration at well-waters in villages of Saricity in 2008-2009 and comparison them with standard levels.In this study, 152 water samples from 38 rural well-water supply facilities in each year have beensurveyed. Nitrate and nitrite ions concentration were determined by DR-5000 spectrophotometer andthen results have been analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods using SPSS 16.Result showed nitrate and nitrite average concentrations respectively were 1.42 ± 0.571 and 0.004 ±0.00141 mg/L in 1386 and their average concentrations were 1.24 ± 0.461 and 0.0081 ±0.0072 mg/Lin 1387 respectively.Nitrate and nitrite average concentrations in the experimented samples were less than recommendedpermissible concentration level of WHO and water quality standard of Iran (10 and 1 mg/Lrespectively) and had no hygienic threat in region, But wastewater disposal in seepage wells maycause increase of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Relationship between Balanced Fertilization and Healthy Agricultural Products (A Review)
M.J. MalakoutiBased on World Health Organization (WHO) report, our society’s health ranks 123 among 192 countries. Unfortunately, this ranking position is very low and its main reason is malnutrition due to imbalanced fertilization. Although more than 85% of Iranian people are MoreBased on World Health Organization (WHO) report, our society’s health ranks 123 among 192 countries. Unfortunately, this ranking position is very low and its main reason is malnutrition due to imbalanced fertilization. Although more than 85% of Iranian people are not hungry, about 90% of them are suffering from cell hunger, because agricultural authorities and hence producers do not pay attention to food security. According to the latest information, about 86.5% of applied fertilizers in our country appertain to urea and triple super phosphate. In fact, this is an alarming issue in respect to the production of healthy agricultural products and it remains a threat to food security. At present, a total subsidy of more than 7,000 billion rials is paid for nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) fertilizers. Whereas, it should be considered that, firstly, the efficiency of these fertilizers, due to different reasons such as mismanagement and existing subsidy level, is low and, secondly, the overuse of these fertilizers causes the accumulation of nitrate (NO3) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural products. Furthermore, according to the law of minimum, the overdosed fertilizers do not have any special positive effect on sustainable production and society’s health. Paying for such high-cost subsidy just for N and P-fertilizers has caused farmers to overuse and waste these fertilizers in the country and moreover not having any tendency to apply biologic, organic and micronutrient fertilizers. Whereas, the application of these fertilizers, beside their adaptability with the environment, has a very positive effect on the human health. Therefore, at this time scientific management of production and application of all kinds of fertilizers is inevitable. In this case, by improving the quality of all types of fertilizers, and following the principle of balanced fertilization, besides achieving the desired yield increase, the quality of agricultural products will be enhanced and the level of society’s health will be promoted automatically. Furthermore, there is a close and positive relationship between balanced fertilization and production of healthy agricultural products. The authorities of the Ministry of Jehad-e- Agriculture are supposed to consider this important principle for a) supplying suitable kinds and amounts of fertilizers during application seasons in producing agricultural products; b) banning the act of burning the plants' residues; c) considering the rules of balanced fertilization; d) enrichment of agricultural products on the farm; e) scientific management of production and application of all kinds of fertilizers; f) implementing the criteria set for Article 61 of the Fourth Development Plan; g) avoiding the import of P-fertilizers which contain Cd in excess of 25 mg/kg and h) removing the subsidy on N and P-fertilizers in order to increase the yield and quality of agricultural products and enhance society's health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Effect of different recovery times on some Indicators of metabolic enzymes in liver and gill tissue and blood biochemical factors in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as a result of the sub lethal concentration of ammonia
هاشم خندان بارانی حسینعلی دهمرده محمدرضا حیدریAmmonia is the most toxic compounds of nitrogen which is a serious problem in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we investigated the effect of sub lethal concentration of ammonia on the activity of tissue enzymes and some blood biochemical parameters and recovery MoreAmmonia is the most toxic compounds of nitrogen which is a serious problem in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we investigated the effect of sub lethal concentration of ammonia on the activity of tissue enzymes and some blood biochemical parameters and recovery ability of common carp. The total of 80 common carps (mean body weight of 50±4.5 g) was divided randomly into four groups of 20 each. Group I: 96 hours under the expose of ammonia, Group II: 96 hours under the expose of ammonia and serving a 24-hour recovery period, Group III: 96 hours under the expose of ammonia and serving a 7-day recovery period and Group IV: were reared in normal freshwater and served as the control. From each group to assess the biochemical and enzymatic factors of tissue and blood samples were collected. The results showed that ammonia significantly increased the activity of enzymes AST, ALP and LDH in both tissues But significant increase in ALT activity were observed in any of these tissues (P<0.05). After seven days of enzyme activity was significantly decreased in the gill tissue And this process were observed in liver enzymes AST and LDH but ALP activity after seven days of recovery, still significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). Ammonia is also significant decreases in serum protein while the amount of cortisol and glucose increased. All of these factors have returned to normal after a seven-day recovery period. The ammonia can cause changes in the activity of metabolic enzymes in the liver and gill damage to the tissues and some biochemical parameters in serum of common carp and proper conditions (absence of ammonia) can be significant improvement in the texture of the fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Determination of some minerals and heavy metals, nitrate and nitrite of Salicornia europaea L. harvested from Urmia Lake in 2017
Shahin Zomorodi H. Behmadi F. Shavakhi S. MadaniThe halophyte Salicornia was recently introduced as a fresh vegetable crop that thrives in extreme salty conditions. In this study, the ash, minerals, heavy metal and nitric and nitrite anions in different parts (root, aerial parts and seeds) of Salicornia europaea L. w MoreThe halophyte Salicornia was recently introduced as a fresh vegetable crop that thrives in extreme salty conditions. In this study, the ash, minerals, heavy metal and nitric and nitrite anions in different parts (root, aerial parts and seeds) of Salicornia europaea L. were evaluated. The results showed that the ash content and sodium in the aerial parts was the highest and in the roots the lowest (p < 0.05). But, potassium, copper and calcium between different organs and seed were not significant. While zinc and magnesium in seed and iron in root were higher, and zinc, manganese and magnesium content were lower in the root than other parts (p < 0.05). Salicornia roots had the lowest arsenic and cobalt and the highest lead (p < 0.05). The seeds containeed the lowest lead, cadmium, mercury and nickel. The aerial parts of this plant also had the least chromium and the highest levels of cadmium, mercury, nickel and cobalt. The mercury in different parts of the Salicornia was lower than the standard value. The lead in the root and cadmium in the aerial parts and chromium, arsenic and nickel in all parts were higher than the limit allowed. The highest nitrate content and the lowest nitrite content in aerial parts and the lowest nitrate content and the highest nitrite content were observed in the seeds (p <0.05). In all studied parts, the nitrate content was found in standard limit. According to the results, aerial parts of Salicornia can be used as a source of calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Comparison of calorimetric and HPLC methods in measuring nitrate content of meat products: An economic evaluation
مسعود moradi کیومرث SHarafi سهراب Delangizan ستار JamshidpoorNitrate is a flavors compound, color stabilizer and growth inhibitor of anaerobic microorganisms in meat products. High concentration of nitrate in food can cause methaemoglobinaemia and is recognized as carcinogenic. Therefore, accurate determination of nitrate is cruc MoreNitrate is a flavors compound, color stabilizer and growth inhibitor of anaerobic microorganisms in meat products. High concentration of nitrate in food can cause methaemoglobinaemia and is recognized as carcinogenic. Therefore, accurate determination of nitrate is crucial to ensure consumers’ health. Regularly, nitrate is estimated by colorimetric and HPLC methods. In measurement of nitrate, the efficiency, accuracy, speed and amount of material are important from economical point of view. In this study, the cost of initial investment, staff, consumable material and equipments used by the two methods were calculated and finally Net Present Value (NPV) was estimated for each of them. The rate of interest was considered from 4 until 30%. According to the results the amount of initial investment, annual cost of staff and consumable materials for colorimetric method were determined as 274000000, 379080000 and 214289130 Rials, respectively. These costs for HPLC method were 342000000, 252720000 and 7633080 Rials, respectively. NPV in minimum and maximum rates of interest (4 and 30%) for colorimetric method were 8368344000 and 2242330000 Rials and for HPLC method were estimated at 4035848000 and 1207544000 Rials. As a consequence, HPLC is more economical and could be recommended for the routine measurement of nitrate in of food safety laboratories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of nitrate and nitrite accumulation in vegetables exposed on ShahreKord's markets
Sh Kiani محبوبه GheytasimIn the last years, the presence of nitrates and nitrites in vegetables has been a public health concern. This study was conducted to examine the accumulation of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables of Shahre-Kord retails. For this purpose, a total of 222 fresh vegetables s MoreIn the last years, the presence of nitrates and nitrites in vegetables has been a public health concern. This study was conducted to examine the accumulation of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables of Shahre-Kord retails. For this purpose, a total of 222 fresh vegetables samples were collected in winter 2011 and summer 2012 and were analyzed for the accumulation of nitrate and nitrite. Results showed a vast deviation between the mean concentrations of nitrate. In other words, the nitrate accumulation for mint was 310.9 mg/kg fresh weight (FW) and for savory was estimated at 3309.1 mg/kg FW. Nitrate accumulation in more than 85% of the vegetable samples was below the approved limit of 2500 mg/kg FW; meanwhile in savory it was higher than 3000 mg/kg FW. Moreover it was revealed that in comparison with nitrate, the mean value of nitrite accumulation was remarkably low (below 1.65 mg/kg FW). According to the results, the nitrate accumulation was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the samples obtained during the summer, but in the case of nitrite the results were reversed. In conclusion the levels of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables of ShahreKord retails were unlikely to pose any health hazard to the general population; nonetheless, the application of efficient techniques for decreasing the nitrate and nitrite accumulation in vegetables is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A survey on nitrite and nitrate levels in vegetables and cucurbits cultivated in northern and western plains of Kermanshah city in 2012
مقداد Pirsaheb کیومرث Sharafi مسعود Morad Given that the capacity of vegetables and cucurbits absorption and retention has large amounts of nitrite and nitrate. Therefore, the intake of these products can threaten human health. The aim of this study was to determine nitrite and nitrate in cucurbits More Given that the capacity of vegetables and cucurbits absorption and retention has large amounts of nitrite and nitrate. Therefore, the intake of these products can threaten human health. The aim of this study was to determine nitrite and nitrate in cucurbits and vegetables cultivated in plains of sothern and eastern parts of Kermanshah. For this purpose, a total number of 330 samples was examined for determination of nitrate and nitrite. The samples were analyzed according to the instructions provided by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (No. 4106). The results showed that there are significant differences in the mean value of nitrite in vegetables and cucurbits, in the sampling locations (P<0.01). However, this difference was not significant (P>0.05) in the case of nitrate. The highest level of nitrite was estimated at 6.05±2.1 and 6.12±0.845 mg/kg in radish tubers and the lowest level was estimated at 0.1±0.022 and 0.174±0.085 mg/kg in cucumber samples in Mahidasht and Drood and Framan plains, respectively. In addition, the highest amount of nitrate in the Mahidasht plain was determined in spinach (392.11 ± 21.17 mg/kg) and in the Drood and Framan plain was observed in radish tubers (316.94 ±158.02 mg/kg). The lowest levels of nitrate in the both sampling areas were determined in tomatoes (11.42 ± 3.56 and 9.1±5.2 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, a significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in the mean quantity of nitrate and nitrite in the different vegetables or cucurbits. It was concluded that the level of nitrite in some vegetables and cucurbits was higher than acceptable limit. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Evaluation of the effect of priming on germination and growth characteristics of sugar beet cultivars (Beta Vulgaris L) under salinity conditions
Seyed GholamReza Salehi حشمت امیدی Mehdi Hasani Mohammad Hosein Bijeh KeshavarziThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics un MoreThis study aims to investigate the effect of priming treatments (control without priming, hydropriming, priming with 0.25% potassium nitrate and priming with 0.5% potassium nitrate) on the germination characteristics of sugar beet cultivars and growth characteristics under five levels of salinity (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dS/m) on germination and seedling growth in four replicates in a petri dish in laboratory conditions as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design. The results showed that the effect of seed priming and salinity stress on the average germination time, germination speed coefficient, germination variance, germination uniformity, root length, stem length, stem and root dry weight, water content relatively, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were significant. The results showed that in all three genotypes, the number of germinated seeds decreased with the increase in salinity level, and in the control levels and the use of water as a priming factor, this decrease was moderated. With the increase of salt concentration up to 12 ds level, the relative water content increased sigmoidally and showed a relatively stable trend at two levels of 12 and 16 ds. In most of the investigated traits, Shokofa variety has shown less reaction than other genotypes. In the investigation of the reaction process of genotypes to the speed, variance and homogeneity of germination in prime and salinity levels, it has shown a decrease with increasing salinity concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Comparative study of the effect of some types of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, alkaloid content and some physiological traits of the ornamental-medicinal plant Agave Americana cv marginata under greenhouse cultivation
Ebrahim Jokar Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazeyar Ahmadi GolsefidiIn the present study, the effect of three types of nitrogen fertilizers under potting and greenhouse cultivation on growth rate, total nitrogen content, protein, free amino acids and leaf and root alkaloids and leaf nitrate reductase activity in American agave cultivar MoreIn the present study, the effect of three types of nitrogen fertilizers under potting and greenhouse cultivation on growth rate, total nitrogen content, protein, free amino acids and leaf and root alkaloids and leaf nitrate reductase activity in American agave cultivar Marginata was investigated.Fertilizers including urea (46%), NPK compound fertilizer of type 20 20 20, and Dr. Bio biofertilizer (containing Azotobacter) were applied in two concentrations each, and their effects were compared with the effects ofsoil without fertilizer as a control. Increasing fertilizer in all cases, and especially in the case of biofertilizer, reduced the nitrate reductase activity of the leaves and also changed the overall nitrogen content of the root in favor of increasing it in the leaves. Urea increased wet and dry weight, total protein content, free amino acids and leaf and root alkaloids. Biofertilizer significantly increased fresh and dry weight and leaf protein content, fresh weight and content of free amino acids and root protein. This fertilizer had no significant effect on the alkaloid content of leaves and roots. Increasing the NPK fertilizer also increased the fresh and dry weight and free amino acids of the leaves and the content of total proteins and alkaloids in the leaves and roots and decreased the fresh weight and free amino acids of the roots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigation of growth, nitrate reductase activity, total content of flavonoids, anthocyanins and some elements in Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl. under the influence of three types of nitrogen fertilizers in greenhouse conditions
Alireza Rahmani Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazeyar Ahmadi GolsefidiIn the present study, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers including urea, NPK and Dr. Bio biofertilizer on growth, content of some elements, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ornamental-medicinal plant Zamioculcas zamiifoliaEngl. was investigated. Plants were planted in MoreIn the present study, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers including urea, NPK and Dr. Bio biofertilizer on growth, content of some elements, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the ornamental-medicinal plant Zamioculcas zamiifoliaEngl. was investigated. Plants were planted in pots and in random blocks in the greenhouse of Farhikhtegan of Islamic Azad University of Gorgan under the influence of different concentrations of fertilizer at the levels of 0, 2 and 4 g/l. Based on the results, urea and biofertilizer treatments had more significant effects on various aspects of growth such as fresh weight and dry weight of roots and leaves than NPK fertilizer. Although the flavonoid content of leaves was not affected by fertilizer, but biofertilizer had a significant positive effect on the anthocyanin content of them. Also, concentration 2 g/l of NPK or urea had a negative effect and concentration 4 g/l of urea had a positive effect on the total anthocyanin content of leaves. All treatments had a positive effect on increasing the nitrogen content of roots. Total nitrogen of leaves was not affected by biofertilizer, but showed some increases in other treatments. Both biofertilizer and urea showed positive and significant effects on increasing nitrate reductase activity of leaves. The effect of NPK fertilizer on this enzymatic activity was increased at a concentration of 4 g/l but decreased at a concentration of 2 g/l. All treatments showed significant effects in reducing phosphorus and potassium of leaves and instead increasing them in the roots. Both biofertilizer and NPK had significantly decreased iron content of leaves and roots. In the case of urea, this decrease was observed only for roots and in treatment 2g/ l, while the treatment 4 g/l increased the iron content in both roots and leaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The effect of sulphate on amount of pigments photosynthesis and activity of catalase,peroxidase and nitrate reductase in leaf and root of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401)
Maryam Niakan Mohammad hossain Mohammadi Vali ollah Rameah Abbas ali NouriniaIn this research, the effect of different amounts of ammonium sulphate as sulphate fertilizer in 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 Kg/ha under farm conditions on amount of chlorophyll a, b, carotene and xanthophyll and enzymes activity of catalase, peroxidase and nitrate reductase w MoreIn this research, the effect of different amounts of ammonium sulphate as sulphate fertilizer in 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 Kg/ha under farm conditions on amount of chlorophyll a, b, carotene and xanthophyll and enzymes activity of catalase, peroxidase and nitrate reductase were evaluated. The results showed that increasing of ammounium sulphate content were ncreased amount of chl a, b, carotene and xanthophyll in leaf of canola significantly. Peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities in root of treated plants increased with increasing of sulphate in soil, while the activity of catalase in two parts of canola (root and leaf) did not have any significantly changes at different contents of sulfur in soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Aluminum positive influences in reduction of copper toxic effects on nitrate reductase and antioxidant enzymes activities of Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick
آرین Sateei شادمان Shokravi نرگس NateghiChlorella vulgaris beijernick was grown in medium BG-11 with 5 concentrations of copper (10, 20, 30, 40, 50μM) without aluminum or with aluminum (300μM) and pH 7.1 for 10 days in 20 hours light and 4 hours darkness. In this study, the effect of different treatment MoreChlorella vulgaris beijernick was grown in medium BG-11 with 5 concentrations of copper (10, 20, 30, 40, 50μM) without aluminum or with aluminum (300μM) and pH 7.1 for 10 days in 20 hours light and 4 hours darkness. In this study, the effect of different treatments on the activity of peroxidase, catalase, Ascorbat peroxidase and superoxid dismotase and nitrate reductase, in vivo, was evaluated. Increase of copper concentration caused increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes. Catalase activity in the presence of aluminum in all copper treatments showed a significant reduction, but peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activities in 20μM treatments decreased significantly when compared with control. The significant decrease in the activity of catalase, peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activity, in 20μM copper with aluminum comparing with 20 μM copper without aluminum was also observed. Results also showed that the effect of different concentrations of copper without aluminum on nitrate reductase activity was not significant and most nitrate reductase activity in treatments with copper and aluminum was observed in 40μM that was significant when compared with 20μM treatment and was not significant when compared with other treatments or control. It is concluded that the presence of aluminum, by increasing some of antioxidant enzymes activities, lead to reduce of copper toxicity and algae growth increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Early effects of salinity on nitrate assimilation in soybean (Glycine max L cv. Pershing) seedlings
Arian Sateie Mahlagha GorbanliIn the present study, the effects of NaCl (100, 150 and 200mm) on nitrate assimilation in Soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pershing) seedlings was studied. In vivo. Based on the results of this study, salinity affects nitrate uptake more than its reduction, and in different MoreIn the present study, the effects of NaCl (100, 150 and 200mm) on nitrate assimilation in Soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Pershing) seedlings was studied. In vivo. Based on the results of this study, salinity affects nitrate uptake more than its reduction, and in different concentrations, these effects are not identical. Treatments 150 and 200Mm influence on the induction phase of nitrate uptake, but 100mM treatment, affects uptake rate only. There is a decrease in nitrate efflux from secondary root tip slices of seedlings that were in Hoagland solutions (one third concentration,during 24 hours) with different concentrations of NaCl, for 150 and 200 mM treatments, that may reflect the changes in the structure of root cells membranes. Regarding the effects of salinity on nitrate reduction, it seems that in spite of inducive type of nitrate reductase, the constitutive type is affected by salinity, significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of aquatic extract of canola (Brassica napus L.) on chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase, catalase and peroxidase activities enzymes of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedling in hydroponic culture
مریم Niakan معصومه TajariCanola contains allelochemicals that effect on metabolism of weeds and crop plants.The aim of this research was to study the effect of aquatic extract of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401) on chlorophyll content in cotyledon, nitrate reductase, catalase and peroxid MoreCanola contains allelochemicals that effect on metabolism of weeds and crop plants.The aim of this research was to study the effect of aquatic extract of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401) on chlorophyll content in cotyledon, nitrate reductase, catalase and peroxidase activity in root, stem and cotyledon of soybean seedling (Glycine max L. cv Gorgan 3) in Hoagland culture. The seeds of canola (Brassica napus L.cv Hyola 401) was planted in pot and provided aquatic extract of total plant in 5 leaf stage.This extract was added to Hoagland culture and catalase,peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities in leaf, stem and root and chlorophyll a and b content in cotyledons in soybean seedling (Glycine max L.cv Gorgan3) after 9 days were evaluated. The results showed that chlorophylls (a and b) amounts in cotyledons and catalase and peroxidase in root and stem and cotyledon decreased in comparison with to control (Hoagland only) in while nitrate reductase activity reduced in cotyledon and in root and stem increasd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Study of growth, ammonium release and nitrate reductase activity of green algae Dunaliella salina in salinity stress, low light and CO2 conditions
زهرا Hosseini k آرین Sateei Sh . Shokravi فریبا Amirlatifi مریم Safaei عماد Hosseini KThe ability of green microalgae, Dunaliella salina for existence, growth, nitrat reductase activity and ammonium release in low light, ambient CO2 and saline condition was studied for a better understanding of it is biotechnological importance. Samples were cultivated i MoreThe ability of green microalgae, Dunaliella salina for existence, growth, nitrat reductase activity and ammonium release in low light, ambient CO2 and saline condition was studied for a better understanding of it is biotechnological importance. Samples were cultivated in Johnson medium whit NaCl, 7.5, 15, 30 and 50% or without NaCl(control), 30◦C±1◦C, continious white light, 1500 lux, provided by fluorescent lamps and were aerated continiously using aquarium pumps. Based on the results of the present research, the best growth obtained in NaCl 7.5% for along term period, although in short term, a very high growth rate was obtained in NaCl 50% (Saturated salinity). Ammonium release was maximum in NaCl 50% and the nitrate reductase activity was minimum in the same salinity but there was no statistically significant correlation between ammonium release and nitrate reductase activity. The ability of Dunaliella salina in releasing high amount of ammonium and growth in low and high salinity makes it an important candidate as a new biofertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Ecological and phytochemical response of Mentha piperita L. to Nitrogenous fertilizers types in Khuzestan region
Adel Poshtdar Ali Reza Abdali Mashhadi Fuad Moradi siad Ahtaalah Siadat Abdolmahdi BakhshandehPeppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is an aromatic medicinal plant, that its cultivation is limited due to low soil from organic matter. Therefore choose right amount and type of fertilizer is very necessary to ensure of satisfactory yield. A factorial experiment was conduc MorePeppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is an aromatic medicinal plant, that its cultivation is limited due to low soil from organic matter. Therefore choose right amount and type of fertilizer is very necessary to ensure of satisfactory yield. A factorial experiment was conducted at research farm of Ramin University during 2014, arranged in CRD design contain three types of nitrogen fertilizer as the first factor: liquid (urea ammonium nitrate), powder (ammonium sulfate) and granular (Urea) which were applied at five levels: 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 KgN/ha as the second factor with three replications. Aerial pares of plant were collected in early of blooming, the essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Result were showed that the nitrogen had significant effects on vegetative traits, quantity and quality of essential oil and finally on efficiency of nitrogen usage. With increases of nitrogen rate the vegetative traits and its yields of essential oil were increased. The effect of UAN was higher than U and SA, however, the trend of nitrogen usage efficiency was descended with AS of the lowest efficiency at 280 kg.ha-1. The rate and type of nitrogen fertilizers were also effective on essential oil components. The highest content of menthol was obtained in controls (37.16%) with 70 kg.ha-1 nitrogen (38.44%) but with increases of nitrogen application the menthol rate was decreased. Additionally, U and AS were respectively had the highest and lowest impact on menthol content, but in other hands the UAN application had the lowest content of menthofuran (1.17%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Optimization of nitrate removal from aqueous solutions using clinoptilolite /CoFe2O4 by surface response methodology
Azadeh Houshangi Mohammad Yousefi Saeed Jamehbozorgi reza Ghiasi -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigation and Comparison of Performance of Modern Intelligent tTechniques in Groundwater Nitrate Simulation
Jafar SerajiToday, due to recent drought, one of the main sources of drinking water in the country is underground resources, and also nitrate is one of the most important pollutants of groundwater resources, which has adverse effects on people's health. The present study seeks to c MoreToday, due to recent drought, one of the main sources of drinking water in the country is underground resources, and also nitrate is one of the most important pollutants of groundwater resources, which has adverse effects on people's health. The present study seeks to compare and provide an efficient and innovative technique for simulating and predicting nitrate in these resources. Therefore, three artificial neural networks (ANN) models of neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and vector-supported vector (SVM) are compared in simulation as a data-driven tool. Simulation based on observation samples from wells in the aquifer under study for 13 years and the modeling period has been selected monthly. Estimates of model simulations include magnesium (Mg), bicarbonate (Hco3), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na). First, the heterogeneous simulation of heterogeneity is carried out on different makeup. Based on the results of the evaluation of the neo-Frazi system The correlation coefficient of R2 = 9978/0 and MS2 = 0002 have better capability and capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Spatial distribution verification of ground water (case study: Dezful plain)
Mohammadhosin Esvandzibaei hossein eslamiGroundwater quality assessment and site monitoring of these waters is very important for nitrate pollution. In this regard, the spatial variations of groundwater nitrate were investigated using interpolation methods and mapping of these changes. Made This cross-sectiona MoreGroundwater quality assessment and site monitoring of these waters is very important for nitrate pollution. In this regard, the spatial variations of groundwater nitrate were investigated using interpolation methods and mapping of these changes. Made This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on drinking water sources in villages in Dezful. For this purpose, 20 drinking water wells were used according to the standard method and 80 samples for 4 season were analyzed. The results showed that the circle Kriging method with less error value than inverse distance weighting, spline and nearest neighborhood methods can perform the optimal zoning for the plain. The summer season has the lowest amount of nitrate and winter. Finally, by investigating the zoning map, it was determined that the eastern and central western regions had the highest amount of nitrate and the north of the plain had a desirable nitrate status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Evaluation of groundwater nitrate in Ahvaz city with geostatistical and deterministic interpolation methods
Mostafa Shojaie hossein eslamiGroundwater quality is affected by several factors. The most important pollutants of groundwater is nitrate. Investigating the shape of spatial variations of nitrate using different methods of interpolation and mapping these changes can lead the knowledge and insights o MoreGroundwater quality is affected by several factors. The most important pollutants of groundwater is nitrate. Investigating the shape of spatial variations of nitrate using different methods of interpolation and mapping these changes can lead the knowledge and insights of experts to future planning. In this research, using nitrate data of 30 sampling wells, nitrate changes in ground water in Ahvaz city have been investigated. The results showed that general methods of deterministic interpolation were better than geostatistical methods and generally the local estimator method had the least error. Zoned maps show that upstream nitrate pollution is lower than 10 ppm, but from the center to downstream , so that the nitrate concentration reached 178 ppm in the outlet. Key words: nitrate, groundwater, intermediation, statistics, Ahwaz Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Phytoremediation capability of nickel and manganese polluted soil by Sorghum biocilor L.
Javad Naeini Mojtaba Yousefi Rad -
Open Access Article
58 - Substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic manure reduces nitrate accumulation and improves quality of purslane
Sina Fallah Behjat Omrani -
Open Access Article
59 - The antagonistic and synergistic effects of naphthalic anhydride and 1aminobenzotriazole to imazethapyr toxicity in maize
Mamdouh Nemat Alla Nemat Hassan -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluation of low temperature tolerance indices in seedlings of Citrus aurantium under potassium nitrate nutrition.
Zeinab Rafie Rad Esmaeil Dordipour Yahya Tajvar -
Open Access Article
61 - Geographical Distribution Gastrointestinal Cancer and its Relation with Soil Nitrate Rural Settlement (Case study: Ardabil County)
Rasoul samadzadeh Seyed Saied Azizzadeh Ahmad GhasemiThis research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) a MoreThis research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) and transferred to the soil lab for nitrate measurement. The location of the samples was determined using a GPS device and the corresponding map with GIS technic. At the same time, a questionnaire was distributed among the farmers of the villages studied and completed. The data from laboratory and questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS19 software and the correlation of studied traits was studied. The relationship between consumption and nitrate accumulation from the soil was also studied by T-test. The average nitrate content of Ardabil plain farms was more than the recommended standard and was 414 mg / kg. The results showed that the amount of soil nitrate and nitrate intake per hectare affected the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer (pv <0.05). Based on the results, it was found that gastrointestinal cancer was scattered in the north and northwest areas of the plain and its geographic distribution was consistent with the type of soil containing nitrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - تاثیر نیترات سریم و اسید سالیسیلیک بر عمر گلجایی و سیستم آنتیاکسیدانی گلهای شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس (Eustoma grandiflorum cv. Pink Picotte)
فیروزه پورزرنگار داورد هاشم آبادیبهمنظور کاهش ضایعات پس از برداشت گلهای شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس رقم ’Pink Picotte‘ آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) (50، 100 و 200 میلیگرم /لیتر) و نیترات سریم (20، 40، 80 و 200 میکرومولار) بودند Moreبهمنظور کاهش ضایعات پس از برداشت گلهای شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس رقم ’Pink Picotte‘ آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) (50، 100 و 200 میلیگرم /لیتر) و نیترات سریم (20، 40، 80 و 200 میکرومولار) بودند که بهصورت پالس 24 ساعته بههمراه ساکارز 3 درصد استفاده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر SA و نیترات سریم در همه صفات ارزیابی شده بهجز ماده خشک معنیدار است. تیمارهای 40 میکرومولار نیترات سریم (42/15 روز) و 100 میلیگرم / لیتر SA (20/15 روز) موفقترین تیمارها در افزایش عمر گلجایی بودند. این تیمارها علاوه بر عمر گلجایی در جلوگیری از کاهش وزن تر، کاهش جمعیت باکتریایی محلول گلجایی و افزایش کلروفیل برگ برترین تیمارها بودند. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز متعلق به 40 میکرومولار نیترات سریم (8.57 IU g-1 FW min-1) بود که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 50 و 100 میلیگرم در لیتر SA اختلاف معنیداری نداشت. همچنین این تیمارها در افزایش فعالیت آنزیم SOD موثر بودند. در این پژوهش کاربرد 200 میلیگرم / لیتر SA اثر منفی بر عمرگلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن داشت. در کل کاربرد غلظتهای بالای نیترات سریم (80 و 200 میکرومولار) و اسید سالیسیلیک (200 میلیگرم در لیتر) در محلول گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده لیسیانتوس رقم ’Pink Picotte‘ توصیه نمیشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - تاثیر غلظت های مختلف نیتروژن و ترکیب بستر کشت بر رشد و کیفیت بنت قنسول رقم ’نوئل رد‘
سمیه کاتبی پرویز نوروزی جواد رضاپور فردبنت­­ قنسول(Euphorbia pulcherrima) گیاهی گلدانی است که براکتههای رنگین آن در روزهای کوتاه تشکیل می­شود. در این تحقیق اثر غلظت­های مختلف نیتروژن (180، 230، 280 و330 میلیگرم بر لیتر) و بسترهای کشت (پیت ماس و پرلیت به نسبت 1:2 و کوکوپیت و پرلیت به نسبت 1: Moreبنت­­ قنسول(Euphorbia pulcherrima) گیاهی گلدانی است که براکتههای رنگین آن در روزهای کوتاه تشکیل می­شود. در این تحقیق اثر غلظت­های مختلف نیتروژن (180، 230، 280 و330 میلیگرم بر لیتر) و بسترهای کشت (پیت ماس و پرلیت به نسبت 1:2 و کوکوپیت و پرلیت به نسبت 1:2) بر برخی صفات گیاه بنت قنسول رقم ’نوئلرد‘ مطالعه شد. این آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 8 تیمار و 3 تکرار اجرا گردید. نتایج حاصل از بررسی صفات اندازهگیری شده نشان داد که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع، قطر تاج بوته و میزان نیتروژن در غلظت 230 پیپیام و بستر کوکوپیت + پرلیت ایجاد شدند. غلظت 230 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن سبب افزایش میزان وزن تر ساقه و ریشه نسبت به سایر تیمارها شد. غلظت 280 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن و کوکوپیت + پرلیت باعث بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک ساقه شد. تیمار پیتماس + پرلیت و330 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن باعث ایجاد حداکثر مقدار میزان کلروفیل a و آنتوسیانین براکته شد. براساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر غلظت 230 و 280 میلیگرم بر لیتر نیتروژن و بستر کوکوپیت موجب بهبود شاخص­های رشدی و در نتیجه بهبود خصوصیات کیفی بنت قنسول شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Effects of Different Floral Preservative Solutions on Vase life of Lisianthus Cut Flowers
M. Kiamohammadi D. HashemaabadiTwo factorial experiments were conducted to study the interactive effects of four levels of sucrose (0, 20, 40 and 60 g l-1), two levels of citric acid (0 and 160 mg l-1) and two levels of one of the following compounds (aluminum sulphate, 0 and 160 mg l-1 and silver ni MoreTwo factorial experiments were conducted to study the interactive effects of four levels of sucrose (0, 20, 40 and 60 g l-1), two levels of citric acid (0 and 160 mg l-1) and two levels of one of the following compounds (aluminum sulphate, 0 and 160 mg l-1 and silver nitrate, 0 and 120 g l-1) on vase life and quality attributes of lisianthus cut flowers ‘Mariachi blue fonce.’ The experiments carried out a randomized complete block design with three replications. After 34 days of storage at 20±2 oC the amount of water absorption, relative water content and opened flower buds were determined. According to the results application of 60 g l-1 sucrose in combination with citric acid led to the highest vase life (31 days). The highest relative water content (82.37%) and also the highest percentage of opened flower buds were obtained in flowers treated with 60 g l-1 sucrose and 160 mg l-1 aluminum sulphate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Study on Some Chemical Compounds on the Vase Life of Two Cultivars of Cut Roses
S. Mohammadi Ostad Kalayeh Y. Mostofi M. BasiratRose (Rosa hybrida L.) is one of the mostly cultivated cut flowers in Iran and around the world. The study was carried out to increase the vase life and quality of cut rose ‘Grand Prix` and ‘Avallanche` by using various floral preservative solutions. Floral MoreRose (Rosa hybrida L.) is one of the mostly cultivated cut flowers in Iran and around the world. The study was carried out to increase the vase life and quality of cut rose ‘Grand Prix` and ‘Avallanche` by using various floral preservative solutions. Floral preservative solutions were AgNO3, 8-HQS, nano silver and distilled water. Treatments were compared with tap water as control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design. The effects of applied treatments on longevity and quality of cut rose flowers were evaluated by using the percentage of opening the flower, flower diameter, the vase life and relative fresh weight. Results showed that the flowers treated with 8-HQS (250 mg l-1) +nano silver (2mg l-1) had the highest flower diameter and the percentage of opening the flower among treatments. Maximum vase life (14.33 d) of cut rose obtained with (nano silver 2mg l-1), and minimum (6.54 d) with AgNO3. The vase life of control was 5.79 d. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Ammonium to Nitrate Ratio Affects Protocorm Like Bodies PLB Formation In vitro of Hybrid Cymbidium
Jaime A. Teixeira da SilvaCarbon and nitrogen are the two elements that most affect plant organogenesis. In vitro, usually as part of the macronutrients. Some anecdotal evidence from the literature suggests that the ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3–) ratio may affect orchid organogenesis. I MoreCarbon and nitrogen are the two elements that most affect plant organogenesis. In vitro, usually as part of the macronutrients. Some anecdotal evidence from the literature suggests that the ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3–) ratio may affect orchid organogenesis. In this study, to test this hypothesis, different NH4+: NO3– ratios were tested on the development of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’, when modified in Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) No.1 medium without plant growth regulators. More PLBs formed per half-PLB or per PLB tTCL when TC medium was used while TC from which PGRs or NO3–or NH4+ were removed (two controls) contained significantly less PLBs/explant. The same trend was observed forneo -PLB (i.e., newly formed PLB) fresh weight. A high NO3– ratio favoured neo -PLB formation, but always less than TC medium, but significantly higher than the two controls. tTCLs performed more poorly (i.e., fewer neo-PLBs/explant and lower fresh weight) than half-PLBs. The NH4+: NO3– ratio can be manipulated to increase the level of PLB production in the absence of plant growth regulators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Effect of Iron and Magnesium Nanoparticles and Planting Date on Yield and Nitrate Content in Potato Tubers
Amir Khodadadi Karkoki Mohammadreza Yavarzadeh Mohammadmehdi Akbariyan Aliakbar Askari The use of nanofertilizers and planting date might improve potato performance. In order to study nitrate accumulation and yield changes of potato tubers using different concentrations of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) nano-particles in cultivation date of "Sante" cu More The use of nanofertilizers and planting date might improve potato performance. In order to study nitrate accumulation and yield changes of potato tubers using different concentrations of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) nano-particles in cultivation date of "Sante" cultivar, a split-split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications were carried out in Research Farms of Jihad Keshavarzi located in Islamabad and Zeh-e Kalut region of Kerman province. Area as main factor and sub-factor including spraying of Fe and Mg nanoparticles (0, 1 and 2%) at flowering and tuber filling stages and sub-sub plot include two planting dates (5 and 25 October) were investigated.Results showed that mean tuber weight was significantly affected by different treatments of nano-particle spraying (p < 0.05).Effect of experimental treatments (area and date of planting) and their two and three effects was non-significant on tuber weight (p>0.05), but on yield were significant (p < 0.01). The highest yield was related to 2% spraying of Fe+Mg nano-particles on 5 October in Zeh-e Kalut area. Also, the highest tuber nitrate was obtained in control (spraying with distilled water) treatment. 1% Fe nano-particles and 1% Fe nanoparticle+2% Mg nanoparticle was divided into a single statistical group and showed significant difference with other treatments (p < 0.05).For all measured traits, it seems that the use of low consumption and essential elements through preservation of leaf greenness, improvement of photosynthetic system and increasing leaf durability led to increase length of tuber filling and tuber conversion and decrease in tuber nitrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Hydrochemical and statistical analysis of Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Meydavod-Sarleh plain
Manochehr Chitsazan Khadijeh Aghbarararian Saadat Rastegarzadeh -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions
Ahmad AfkariSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) u MoreSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil in 2013 was carried out. Experimental treatments include drought stress at four levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and three pre-treatments including potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1% and 2%, water as hydro priming and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and priming on germination components and antioxidant enzymes was significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the percentage of germination, pace of germination, rootlet length, seedling length and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and priming showed that the maximum activity of Antioxidant enzymes were obtained by pre-treatment of potassium nitrate with a concentration of 1% in a -12 bar drought level. In general, it can be concluded that basil seed pre-treatment with 1% potassium nitrate improves the basil germination parameters under drought stress conditions and increased the tolerance of basil plant to drought stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Nitrate removal from aqueous solution with modified clinoptilolite zeolite
َAzadeh jodaei azam afaghi darooush yousefpourNitrate ions are considered as a serious threat to surface and underground water sources due to their high solubility in water. Therefore, it is necessary to remove them from water sources. There are many ways to remove nitrate from water. Among the simple ones, removal MoreNitrate ions are considered as a serious threat to surface and underground water sources due to their high solubility in water. Therefore, it is necessary to remove them from water sources. There are many ways to remove nitrate from water. Among the simple ones, removal with adsorbents such as zeolites can be mentioned. In this research, particles of copper oxide/iron oxide were loaded on the Miyaneh clinoptilolite zeolite. The physical and chemical properties of prepared nanosorbents were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and specific surface area measurement by BET method. After choosing the appropriate adsorbent, The effects of operating parameters such as pollutant concentration, adsorbent dose, and solution pH on the removal efficiency were investigated. The highest nitrate adsorption efficiency was obtained on clinoptilolite zeolite loaded with 5% copper oxide at pH around 4-9, at low nitrate concentrations, and adsorbent dose of 15 mg/l. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Preparation, identification and application of ZnO/Bentonite nanocomposite in nitrate removal from contaminated watere
رباب شاهی معصومه خاتمیان بهارک دیوبندBentonite is a clay which has high surface area and makes it a good option for the placement of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, thereby forming a nanocomposite. In the recent years, various applications of this kind of nanocomposites have been investigate MoreBentonite is a clay which has high surface area and makes it a good option for the placement of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, thereby forming a nanocomposite. In the recent years, various applications of this kind of nanocomposites have been investigated by researchers in water and wastewater treatment. Accordingly, in this research, the bentonite was powdered by ball mills and then, ZnO/Bentonite nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasound irradiation and gel degradation method with starch. The nanocomposite was identified by XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques, and the efficiency of the sample was studied for removing of nitrate ions from water. The results showed that environmental factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, and nitrate concentration were effective in removal percentage. Optimal removing percentage of the nitrate solution with 30 mg/l was achieved by 0.6 g of nanocomposite which could remove 70% of the nitrate from solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Synthesis and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride/kaolin nanocomposite for photocatalytic removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions
Elham Asadi Mohammad Hadi Ghasemi Parviz Ahmadi Nahid Monajjemi Maryam Afsharpour Majid BaghdadiNitrate ion in water causes human poisoning and is very dangerous. Photocatalytic removal of nitrate from water and conversion to nitrogen gas is of great importance. In this study, heterogeneous nanocomposite g-C3N4/kaolinite, due to its natural kaolin substrate has be MoreNitrate ion in water causes human poisoning and is very dangerous. Photocatalytic removal of nitrate from water and conversion to nitrogen gas is of great importance. In this study, heterogeneous nanocomposite g-C3N4/kaolinite, due to its natural kaolin substrate has been considered to nitrate reduction in the presence of UV light. The results of nanocomposite photocatalyst analysis using FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD instruments have clearly shown that the surface of the kaolin is covered by graphitic carbon nitride. In this work, the nitrate aqueous solution containing nitrate ion (50 ppm) was subjected to a photocatalytic reaction. Nitrate removal results showed the highest rate of nitrate degradation in the first 60 minutes compared with graphitic carbon nitride and kaolin individually. With the removal efficiency of 93.15% using the above method, the initial concentration of 50 ppm reaches 3.5 ppm, nitrate ion, which is below the permissible level of nitrate according to the World Health Organization standard. Therefore, the use of nanocomposite is a convenient choice to remove nitrate from water due to the simplicity of the preparation and commercial access to the raw materials required for synthesis, as well as high efficiency and selectivity to N2 in nitrate degradation and non-contamination of effluent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Sources of Nitrate and Bromide ContaminantsinGroundwater ofthe Alluvial Aquifer of Arak, Iran
Feridon Ghadimi Mohammad Ghomi Reza Azimi -
Open Access Article
74 - Study of nitrate and phosphate in eastern south Caspian Sea in spring and summer
P. Nejatkhah Manavi A.A. Pasandi M. Saghali N. Beheshtinia D. MirshekarThis study performed in Caspian Sea in order to estimate nutrients includeing nitrate, phosphate and physicochemical factors (pH, temperature and salinity) from April to October in 2008 . Sampling have done in eastern south of Caspian Sea in seven transects in 56 MoreThis study performed in Caspian Sea in order to estimate nutrients includeing nitrate, phosphate and physicochemical factors (pH, temperature and salinity) from April to October in 2008 . Sampling have done in eastern south of Caspian Sea in seven transects in 56 station on surface water, 5 and 10 meter. The mean temperature, salinity and pH were 26.9°± 4.72° C, 12.13± 2.33 ppt and 8.69± 0.79 respectively. The mean nitrate was 0.061± 0.0161mg/l and phosphate was 0.017± 0.011mg/l. Min and Max of nitrate and phosphate were 0.021, 0.131 and 0.001, 0.096 mg/l respectively .The concentration of salinity, nitrate and phosphate were higher in compared to western south Caspian Sea. There was significant differences in nitrate concentration in transects (P<0.05), but the other parameters were not significantly different (P>0.05). There were not meaningful difference in all parameters upon surface waters, 5 and 10 m. Results showed that the concentration of nitrate and phosphate have increased compared to past years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Variation of physical and chemical parameters by emphasizing on Nutrients in Southern Coasts of Caspian Sea
Parisa Nejatkhah ManaviCaspian Sea and its coastal areas are one of the most important ecosystems. There is great diversity associated with non-biological parameters of water, in this largest lake in the world. In this study the physical and chemical parameters, including nitrates, phosphate, MoreCaspian Sea and its coastal areas are one of the most important ecosystems. There is great diversity associated with non-biological parameters of water, in this largest lake in the world. In this study the physical and chemical parameters, including nitrates, phosphate, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, transparency, EC and pH were investigated. Sampling was performed in 2008 in thirteen regions from Astara to Khajenafas in the south coastal waters of Caspian Sea. There were three stations in each area and sampling was done from surface waters (5 and 10 m) from each station. In this study, the mean temperature, salinity, pH, EC, water transparency, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphate were 19.6 ° C, 11.8 ppt, 8.7, 17.28 (mm/cm), 82.23 cm, 6.22, 0.061 and 0.014 mg/l, respectively. Maximum and minimum of nitrate levels were 0.154 and 0.007mg/l in Kyashahr and Astara, respectively. The peak level of phosphate concentration (0.062mg/l) was found in Bandar Torkaman and the minimum level (0.001 mg/l) was obtained in the Anzali and Nashtaroud. The results show that concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were higher in south-east compared with south-west coast of the Caspian Sea. There was a significant difference in nitrate concentration in different regions (P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the concentration of nutrients in the water column (p>0.05). Results indicate that an increase in level of nitrate was found in compared to previous years. There were positive correlations in dissolved oxygen with nitrate levels and negative correlations with temperature and water transparency. Temperature, salinity and EC had positive correlation and the correlation of temperature with dissolved oxygen was negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigation of Zinc on some biochemical indices of the farmed Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
M. Shakoori S. Abdali H. Negarestan The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of zinc heavy metal on some serological parameters on Silver carp in the vicinity with zinc in short term. In order to do this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight 50±10gr and mean length 13& More The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity effect of zinc heavy metal on some serological parameters on Silver carp in the vicinity with zinc in short term. In order to do this study a total of 135 fish with mean weight 50±10gr and mean length 13±1cm were located to adjacent to 0.5 and 10 mg/L of Zn (NO3)2 in 9 Aquarium with 90 liter of capacity.Sampling of fish was done randomly each 12 hours until 96 hours from caudal vein. The result showed that the level of cholesterol in 10 mg/L treatments in 96 hours were significant difference with 5 mg/ L and control treatments (p<0/05). The results showed that the minimum amount of cholesterol in 10 mg/L treatment in 96 hours was (10.83±0.2 mg/ dL) and the maximum amount was found in 5 ppm treatment in 48 hours was (102.7±22.7 mg/dL). Mean triglyceride fluctuated, so that the maximum amount of triglyceride was found in 10 mg/L treatment in 12 hours (93±14) mg/dL) and the minimum in 96 hours in 5 mg/L treatment was (24.4±2 mg dl). By increasing the concentration of zinc. albumin level were increased significantly. The minimum amount was found in control treatment which was (0.73±0.14 g/dL) and the maximum level in 5 m/g/L treatment at 96 hours was (9.03±0.6 g/dL). Total protein levels were decreased significantly (p<0.05). The minimum amount of total proteins in 5 mg/L treatment at 96 hours was (0/043±0/003) g/dL, and the maximum amount was at 12 hours in 10 mg/L treatment at (3/53±0/3)g/dL. Based on results, Hematological and biochemical parameters are useful for monitoring of Zinc acute toxicity in Silver carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Effect of copper nitrate on some physiological and biochemical indices in ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris)
A. Mohamadrezayei S. Abdali A. Yousefi JourdehiIn order to evaluate copper nitrate (Cu (NO3)2) effects on some blood biochemical indices in Acipenser nudiventris, 120 fish were exposed to 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L of Cu (NO3)2 in 12 aquariums with a volume 100 liters. Blood samples were collected from fish at MoreIn order to evaluate copper nitrate (Cu (NO3)2) effects on some blood biochemical indices in Acipenser nudiventris, 120 fish were exposed to 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L of Cu (NO3)2 in 12 aquariums with a volume 100 liters. Blood samples were collected from fish at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The highest percentage of mortality of up to 24 hours after exposure to the toxin was related to concentrations of 10 (70 percent) and 5 (50%) and 1 (10%) mg/l, respectively. After 24 hours, fish died at 5 and 10 mg/l of copper. However, at concentration of 1 mg/L up to 96 hours almost 20 percent of fish were resistant. No mortality was observed in the control group. Triglyceride levels at concentrations of 10 mg/l Cu (NO3)2, was 479 ± 7.7 mg/dl after 24 h and decreased significantly in comparison with the control (709.3 ± 69.3 mg/dl) and at 1 mg/l concentration of Cu (NO3)2 in 48, 48, 72 and 96 hours it reached 237.9 ± 4.2, 23.5 ± 0.8 and 226 ± 0.6 mg/d, respectively (P < 0.05). Cholesterol level at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/l Cu(NO3)2, was 206.6 ± 7.7 and 229.3 ± 0.6 mg/dl, respectively, after 24 hrs, which had increased significantly compared to the control and 1 mg/l Cu(NO3) concentration (P < 0.05). Glucose levels, at 1 mg/l concentration of Cu (NO3)2 , were 81.5 ± 1.4, 73 ± 1 and 69.3 ± 0.6 mg/dl in 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively, that had increased significantly compared to the control (38.9 ± 1.3 mg/dl) (P < 0.05). Total protein levels were 2 ± 0.1, 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.9 ± 0.1 mg/dl, at 1 mg/l concentration of Cu (NO3)2,in 48, 72 and 96 hours, which had decreased significantly compared to the control (2.1 ± 0.1 mg/dl). Based on the obtained results, copper nitrate affected biochemical indices in blood of ship sturgeon and showed severe toxicity at higher concentrations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The effect of copper on some hematological indices in Ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris)
A. Mohamadrezayei S. Abdali A. Yousefi Jourdehi Z. SalariTo study the effect of copper toxicity on some hematological indices of Acipenser nudiventris, a group of 120 fish were exposed to different concentrations of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) (0, 1, 5, 10 mg/lit). The results showed that the level of hemoglobin (Hb) was increa MoreTo study the effect of copper toxicity on some hematological indices of Acipenser nudiventris, a group of 120 fish were exposed to different concentrations of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) (0, 1, 5, 10 mg/lit). The results showed that the level of hemoglobin (Hb) was increased with the increase in the concentration of copper and also time (P < 0.05). For the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/lit, the numbers of red blood cells (RBC) were considerably reduced after 24 hours (P < 0.05). After 24 hours, the percent of hematocrit (Hct) was increased and the number of white cells (WBC) was decreased, and the volume of red blood cells (MCV) was considerably increased for all concentrations (P < 0.05). The average of hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not change and was the same in all concentrations after 24 and 48 hours (P ≥ 0.05) but was increased considerably after 72 and 96 hours (P < 0.05). The average of hemoglobin concentration (MCH) was increased considerably in 10 mg/lit concentration after 24, but was increased considerably in 1 mg/lit after 72 and 96 hours (P < 0.05). The results of differentiation counting of leucocytes showed that with increase in copper concentration and time, the number of lymphocytes in the 5 and 10 mg/lit concentrations were decreased considerably after 24 hours, but were increased in 1 mg/lit concentration after 48 hours (P < 0.05). The number of monocytes was considerably decreased after 24 and 48 hours in all concentrations, but was considerably increased in 1 mg/lit after 72 hours (P < 0.05). The number of eutrophil was considerably increased in 5 and 10 mg/lit after 24 hours, but was considerably decreased in 1 mg/lit after 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). The study showed that although the copper is an essential element for most of physiologic processes but it showed severe toxic effects on the Acipenser nudiventris, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Study of nitrate waters of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea from Amirabad to Salman Shahr in (Mazandaran Province) in summer
N. Ahmadi R. Noorbakhsh M. FaragiThis study performed in Caspian Sea in order to estimate nutrients nitrate factors (pH, temperature and salinity) from April to October 2008. Sampling was done in southeast Caspian Sea in five transects in 45 stations on surface water, 5 and 10 meter depths based on nat MoreThis study performed in Caspian Sea in order to estimate nutrients nitrate factors (pH, temperature and salinity) from April to October 2008. Sampling was done in southeast Caspian Sea in five transects in 45 stations on surface water, 5 and 10 meter depths based on national standard. The mean concentration of nitrate was 5.37, 8.87 and 0.47 mg/l in first transect, it was 5.81, 9.98 and 0.76 mg/l in second transect, and 5.31, 11.76 and 0.71 mg/l in third transect, 5.40, 11.38 and 0.69 mg/l in fourth transect and 14.28, 14.89 and 2.09 mg/l in fifth transect. The concentration of nitrate was increasing from Salman Shahr to Amirabad. There was significant differences in nitrate concentration in transects (P<0.05), but the other parameters were not significantly different among surface, 5 and 10 m waters (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of different consentration of NaCl on growth, ammonium releasing,nitrate reductase activity and total protein contents in Dunaliella salina
A.S. Borhani Sabzevar M.L. GhorbanliIn this experiment, we studied the effects of different NaCl solutions on (2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl) proliferation, nitrate reductase activity, ammonium release, and protein content in the unicellular, biflagellate, halophilic micro algae, Dunaliella salina. Johns MoreIn this experiment, we studied the effects of different NaCl solutions on (2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl) proliferation, nitrate reductase activity, ammonium release, and protein content in the unicellular, biflagellate, halophilic micro algae, Dunaliella salina. Johnson medium with 2.5%, 7.5% and 12.5% NaCl were selected for treatment. Growth condition was maintained in all experiments (light, 5000 Lux, aeration 1hour daily, temperature 25±5◦C,). The microscopic results showed that in the salt solutionsDunaliella salina can proliferate and shows normal morphology and mobility. Based on results of this experiment, optimum proliferation occurred in 7.5% NaCl. Protein content didn’t show significant changes (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Effect of Iron Nano Oxide Concentration and Application Time on Tuber Yield and Quality of Potato
Ali Barghi عبدالقیوم قلیپوری احمد توبه سدابه جهانبخش شهزاد جماعتی ثمرینIn order to investigating nitrate accumulation, tuber yield and protein variation, affected by different levels of iron nano oxide in different growth stages of potato, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications during 2012 in Ardabil reg MoreIn order to investigating nitrate accumulation, tuber yield and protein variation, affected by different levels of iron nano oxide in different growth stages of potato, a factorial experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three replications during 2012 in Ardabil region. The first factor was iron nano oxide fertilizer at four levels including 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent as well as normal iron oxide at 2 percent and the second factor was spraying stages (vegetative growth, beginning of tubering and tuber filling). Results showed that by iron nano oxide application, nitrate content of tuber decreased significantly and the least value was acquired in the interaction of spraying with 1.5 and 2 percent of iron nano oxide during tuber filling. The most leaf chlorophyll and average tuber weight was acquired in the interaction of spraying with 1, 1.5 and 2 percent during tuber filling and the most protein percentage of tuber by spraying with 1.5 and 2 percent of iron nano oxide during this period. Iron nano oxide levels of 1, 1.5 and 2 percent and spraying during tuber filling had the most tuber yield with a significant difference compared to other treatments. Additionally the application of normal iron oxide significantly increased tuber yield compared to control while it was in the same group with iron nano oxide levels of 0.5 and 1 percent. Regarding all traits measured, iron nano oxide concentration of 2 percent by spraying during tuber filling indicated the best result and is recommended to farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Effect of urea fertilizer application rate on nitrogen uptake and allocation and protein content in of potato
Mahdi AghighiSahverdi Ahmad Tobeh hedieh mosanaieyIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake and allocation to different organs of the plant, especially the tubers, nitrate accumulation and protein yield in potato tuber, during the four-year an experiment implemente MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake and allocation to different organs of the plant, especially the tubers, nitrate accumulation and protein yield in potato tuber, during the four-year an experiment implemented in Agricultural Research Station of Mohaghegh Ardabil University in randomized complete block design with three replications. Factor studied in this experiment was different levels of nitrogen included 0, 80, 160 and 200 kg N ha from urea source. The results showed that application of 160 kg nitrogen per hectare had the highest rates for fresh tuber yield, percentage and yield protein. With increasing of levels of fertilizer from zero to 200 kg per hectare were observed increasing in the characteristics of tuber and shoot nitrogen percentage, nitrogen uptake in tubers, shoots and total plant and nitrate accumulation in dry and fresh matter, so that the characters was lowest in non-fertilizer and application of 200 kg fertilizer was highest value and the highest group statistically. The highest tuber yields (31.49 ton.ha-1) and protein yield (467.95 kg.ha-1) were achived in the first and fourth year, respectively. In general, excessive increase of more than optimal nitrogen in the soil cause reduces the yield of potatoes and also by reducing the amount of protein increases the accumulation of nitrates in tuber and is caused a drop in product quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of Different amounts of Urea Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrate Accumulation in Edible Parts of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Gholamreza Moafpourian mohammad saeed tadayonAbstractIn order to survey on the effect of urea fertilizer on yield and nitrate accumulation in edible parts of basil, an experiment was conducted in Fars agricultural and natural resource research and educational center as randomized complete blocks design with 4 repl MoreAbstractIn order to survey on the effect of urea fertilizer on yield and nitrate accumulation in edible parts of basil, an experiment was conducted in Fars agricultural and natural resource research and educational center as randomized complete blocks design with 4 replication in 2014. Experimental treatments contain: without nitrogen consumption (control, N0), consuming 50 (N50), 100 (N100), 150 (N150) and 200 (N200) kg N.ha-1 from urea fertilizer. The results showed that the effects of urea on nitrate accumulation in basil were significant. A highly significant difference between nitrate accumulation in the morning and in the evening harvesting time of basil leaf blade samples were observed, so that the amount of nitrate in the morning harvested samples were higher than the same sample in the evening. Application of 50 kg N.ha-1 (110 kg urea fertilizer) was showed the highest crop yield equal to 0.95 kg.ha-1 with lover nitrate accumulation as amount as 177.8 mg.kg-1 in dry weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on some morphological and physiological traits of Petroselinum crispum
lamia Vojodi MehrabaniIn order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiolog MoreIn order to study the effects of different levels (control, 5 and 10 ton/ha) of organic fertilizers vermicompost and poultrary mannur and different levels of chemical fertilizer (KNO3 and CaNO3) (0, 50 and 100 kg/ha) on nitrate accumulation and some growth and physiological characteristics of Petroselinum crispum, an experiment was conducted as Factorial based on Completely Randomized Block Design with three replication. The results showed that total nitrogen content in plant was influenced by interaction effects of experimental treatments and the highest amounts of nitrogen contents were recorded at vermicompost10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha and poultrary mannur10 ton/ha × KNO3 100kg/ha. Different levels of chemical and organic fertilizer had positive effects on total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid and flavonoid content. The highest amounts of aerial part dry weights were recorded at 5 and 10 ton/ha of vermicompost fertilizer. Poultrary mannur 5 and 10 ton/ha were increased total soluble solid, phenolic and nitrate content in plants compared to control treatment. Also the highest amounts of total soluble solid content and nitrate content were recorded at KNO3 50 and 100kg/ha. 50 and 100 kg/ha KNO3 and CaNO3 was increased total phenolic content in plant. Organic fertilizers had positive effects on K and Ca content. KNO3 100kg/ha improved K content and CaNO3 50 and 100kg/ha increased Ca content in plant. Dueto the positive effects of organic fertilizers in vegetable growth and less harmful environmental effects, it seems that integrated use of organicand chemical fertilizers had positive effects on sustainable and healthy vegetable production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Survey Changes of Nitrate and Tuber Production of Potato under Integrated Management of Manure and Chemical Fertilizer in Different Locations of Isfahan, Iran
MOHAMMAD ABDOLLAHI NASER LATIFI MOHAMAD REZA DADASHI -
Open Access Article
86 - Hydroponic Phytoremediation of Nickel by Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
Mozhgan Tagharobiyan Vahid Poozesh -
Open Access Article
87 - Potential Health Risk of Nitrate Accumulation in Vegetables Grown in Pol-e Dokhtar County
Mahboobeh Jalali Zahra Amini Farsani Mohammad Hadi Ghaffarian Mogharab Mohammad Feyzian -
Open Access Article
88 - Investigating Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Drinking Water of Five Districts in Tehran and Assessing the Presence of Nitrate Reducing Bacteria
Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad Shirazi Maryam Tala Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Bahareh Nowruzi Zohreh Saeidi Masomeh Negahban -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigating the Nitrate Absorption Capacities of Sargassum Polycystum Biomass
Alzahraa S. Abdulwahid Faraj Mohammed Mohammed Hadi Sarmad Dheyaa Noori Maha Noori Shakir Zainab Jamal Hamoodah Nahed Mahmood Ahmed -
Open Access Article
90 - The Nitrate Content of Commonly Consumed Agricultural Products Including Vegetables, Cereals, and Legumes in Iran
Behrooz Jannat Sara Mohamadi Narges Abdoli Tayebe Zeinali Parisa Sadighara -
Open Access Article
91 - Monitoring and Assessing Health Risk of Exposure to Nitrate Residues in Agricultural Products; Case Study in Qom Province, Iran
Somaye Behnamipour Yadollah Ghafuri Ahmad Reza Yari Ali Ebrahimi Yalda Arast -
Open Access Article
92 - Effect of Sulfur Application on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidant Activity and Arsenic Accumulation in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) under Arsenic Stress
Hosein Asadi Ghalehni Vahid Poozesh -
Open Access Article
93 - Investigation of Microstructure of Alumina Single-Splate Made By Solution Precursor High-Velocity Flame Spraying
Saeid Taghi-ramezani Zia ValefiSolution precursor thermal Spraying (SPTS) processes are suitable methods for producing nano-structured coatings. Due to the uncompleted reactions such as solvent evaporation and pyrolysis of the precursor, achieving coatings with controlled properties at a satisfactory MoreSolution precursor thermal Spraying (SPTS) processes are suitable methods for producing nano-structured coatings. Due to the uncompleted reactions such as solvent evaporation and pyrolysis of the precursor, achieving coatings with controlled properties at a satisfactory precipitation rate remains an important challenge in these processes that needs to precise control of spray parameters. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of Solution precursor high velocity flame spraying parameters such as fuel and oxygen content, spraying distance and solution injection rate, single-scan spraying test was performed on glass substrates. The morphology of the formed splats and their structural characteristics were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Structural comparison in the single-scan spraying test performed in two ratios of fuel to oxygen, showed that in the flame parameter with oxygen pressure of 6 bar and fuel 3 bar at the injection rate of Solution precursor 20 cm3/min and spray distance of 5 cm was selected as the optimal parameter. In this parameter, due to the low injection rate of the solution and higher heat transfer per drop of the solution precursor and completion of processes that resulting in melting and crystallization, the number of splats increased. Also, evaluation of single-scan spraying in the flame with oxygen pressure of 8 bar and fuel bar of 4 bar and spray distance of 5 cm showed that the injection rate of 40 cm3/min solution precursor would be more appropriate due to increasing the number of fine splats and improving coating efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Relationship Between Nitrate Distribution in Groundwater and Agricultural Landuse (Case study: Ardabil Plain,Iran)
Habib Farhadi Ebrahim Fataei Marjaneh Kharrat Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
95 - Evaluating the Effects of Agricultural Activities on Nitrate Contamination at the Kamfirooz District, Shiraz, Iran
Jalal Valiallahi Smaeil Moradi -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating the Efficiency of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) in Wastewater Treatment of Dairy Industry
Hooman Bahmanpour Reza Habashi Seyed Mohammad Hosseini -
Open Access Article
97 - Comparative study on efficiency of ANP and PROMETHEE methods in locating MSW landfill sites
Ebrahim Fataei Seiied Taghi Seiied Safavian -
Open Access Article
98 - The effects of calcium nitrate on the fruit quality in Cucumis sativus
Gholamreza Nasiri Alireza Ladan Moghadam Zahra Oraghi ArdebiliThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of application of calcium nitrate on quality related characteristics of fruits in Cucumis sativusFactorial in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Plants were sprayed with 4 concentr MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of application of calcium nitrate on quality related characteristics of fruits in Cucumis sativusFactorial in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Plants were sprayed with 4 concentrations (0, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) of calcium nitrate in pre and post flowering stages. The application of calcium nitrate led to the decreases in soluble solid, compared to control. In comparison to control, chlorophyll content, acidic and ascorbate levels significantly were increased in calcium nitrate treated samples. on the first day, and the value of 74 quarters and the lowest stiffness for the tenth day of treatment 1% and amounts to 21.4, the highest TTA on the first day and for 0.5% of the amount was 0.52 Lowest TTA also to prepare 2% calcium nitrate on the tenth day of the 0.336, the highest amount of Vitamin C and Calcium Nitrate 1% on the first day to 0.86 and the lowest amount of calcium nitrate 0.5% on the tenth day enzyme activity in the fifth day for the saltpeter 0% and amounts to 76.4 and the highest value for calcium nitrate 0.5% and the tenth day of the 40.34 and the minimum value for the first day of calcium nitrate and 1% to the value of 66/9. The results of this study indicate that the use of positive role of calcium on quality and postharvest life of fruits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Effect of Calcium Intake on Adverse Effects of Salinity of Vermicompost in Production Cucumber Transplant (Cucumis Sativus)
Kazem Alikhajeh Mohammad Khajeh-HosseiniSalinity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is one of the major agricultural issues around the world. Vermicompost has high levels of potassium, phosphorus and sodium, which leads to increased salinity. High salinity is a limiting factor in the consumption of th MoreSalinity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is one of the major agricultural issues around the world. Vermicompost has high levels of potassium, phosphorus and sodium, which leads to increased salinity. High salinity is a limiting factor in the consumption of this substance. Calcium ions have significant effects on plant physiological processes and improves the morphological and biochemical parameters of plants subjected to salinity stress (NaCl). To investigate the effect of calcium on the improvement of damage caused by vermicompost salinity as the experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in autumn 2014 in a research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In this experiment, calcium nitrate (99%) was used as a calcium source. The treatments consisted of calcium vermicompost control, 10mM calcium treated before seeding, 25mM calcium treatment and 75mM calcium treatment with culture medium. The results of this experiment showed that calcium presence had a significant effect on salinity effects and 10mM calcium had the most positive effects on the growth characteristics of cucumber in vermicompost culture medium. The proper application of calcium ion reduces the sensitivity of plants to salinity and improves the desired parameters, therefore, the use of crops with high calcium application efficiency can help reduce economic costs against salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The effect of halo-priming on germination indices of wheat under salinity stress
Noosheen Fallahi Ali Babaei Ghaghelestany Masomeh Asadi Gakieh Nasrin Hatami Gharah GhoviniLow seed germination and seedling emergence is one of the main problems in saline areas. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stress conditions. To evaluate the effects of halo-p MoreLow seed germination and seedling emergence is one of the main problems in saline areas. Seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stress conditions. To evaluate the effects of halo-priming on germination indices of wheat under salinity stress, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in 2015. Treatments consisted of priming with potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate 1% and control without priming and salinity levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM sodium chloride. Among pretreatments, potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate reduced the effects of salinity stress on germination and other indices. Priming with potassium nitrate had the most effects on germination percentage, dry plumule and seedlings weight. Also, priming with calcium sulfate had the most effect on root fresh weight. Primed wheat seeds had better growth. On the whole, with increasing salinity levels, germination and related parameters decreased and that potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate decreased negative effects of salinity. According to result, priming with potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate is recommended for the improvement of germination and initial growth of wheat seedling under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Effect of nitrogen on germination, initial growth, proline and nitrate reductase activity of Borage under salinity stress
Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi Heshmat Omidi Abdolamir BostaniABSTRACT The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen on borage seed germination under saline stress. The experiment was in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were sa MoreABSTRACT The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen on borage seed germination under saline stress. The experiment was in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were salinity stress including 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds.m-1 and five ratio of nitrogen source nutrition, NO3-:NH4+ (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100). The effect of salinity and also effect of salinity and nitrogen source on growth and physiological traits including dry weight, proline content, nitrogen and nitrate reductase activity was investigated. Increasing salinity levels caused a significant decrease of seed germination and seedling dry weight. Nitrogen nutrition with ratio 50% of ammonium with increasing proline in high salinity conditions, to moderate the negative effects of stress, in contrast, by increasing the amount of ammonium than nitrate, nitrate reductase activity and total seedling growth decreased and salinity showed more negative effects, so that the seedling growth of 75 and 100% ammonium was stopped. Amount of nitrogen in terms of more nitrate than ammonium negative correlation with salinity, and conversely by increasing the amount of ammonium than nitrate showed a positive relationship. Applications of nitrogen source with NO3- by rate of more 50% is suggesting for obtaining uppermost germination indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Otostegia persica
halime gholami ebrahim molashahi fateme sargezy alireza aeinaliIn this study we researched about the synthesis of silver nanoparticle by the aqueous extract of Otostegia persica. In the first the results of HPLC was showed extracts of Otostegia persica contains poly phenols compound such as sinapic acid, caffeic acid, trans-feralic MoreIn this study we researched about the synthesis of silver nanoparticle by the aqueous extract of Otostegia persica. In the first the results of HPLC was showed extracts of Otostegia persica contains poly phenols compound such as sinapic acid, caffeic acid, trans-feralic, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillin that sinapic acid, caffeic acid, trans-feralic are significant compound. Therefore, in this research, we have attempted to synthesize nanoparticles by using the aqueous extract of the Otostegia persica, which contains compounds such as sinapic acid, caffeic acid, trans-feralic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillin. In this study, it was found that the aqueous extract of Otostegia persica is able to synthesis silver nanoparticles. In this research, after the reaction of solutions with each other, the first step was the color change from green to brown. Based on previous research, the reaction mixture changes color by adding different concentrations of metal ions. These color changes are caused by the stimulation of surface plasmon vibrations in silver nanoparticles, so the change in the color of the reactive mixture indicates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The aqueous extract of Otostegia persica was used as a stabilizer or capping agent and reducing agent to reduce Ag+ to metallic silver. The phenolic compounds in the Otostegia persica extract have the ability to react with silver ions in silver nitrate solution and exchange electrons and reduce silver ion (Ag+) to neutral silver (Ag0) in nano dimensions. Then we tried to optimize the research and the various components were optimization such as the time, pH, the concentration of extract and silver nitrate. Finally, the volume of the extract was analyzed and by using UV device, we proved the formation of silver nanoparticles and was observed a peak in the area of 734 nm. The results were showed that in the concentration of 1 mM from silver nitrate and the temperature of 22 C and pH=8 are the optimal conditions for the formation of silver nanoparticles. Then were sampled from the silver nanoparticles, the average size of silver particles and the structure of nanoparticles were determined by using TEM duvice and the size of nanoparticle it was found 34 nm and its shape was observed as a sphere. Then we using FTIR and XRD for proved the formation of silver nanoparticles and we proved the existence of silver nanoparticles. Therefore, in this study, it was found that using polyphenolic compounds in the aqueous extract of Otostegia persica as a natural, harmless, inexpensive and with antioxidant and reducing properties can be used for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, including silver nanoparticles that these silver nanoparticles are very important in the medical and pharmaceutical industries. The general conclusion from this research is the high value and importance of medicinal plants in the green synthesis of nanoparticle, which is a suitable alternative instead of using harmful chemicals, including the Otostegia persica, which has the ability to be planted and harvested in areas has different varieties of Iran and the plant is rich in secondary compounds, including polyphenolic compounds with high reductive and antioxidant properties, which is a suitable option for synthesis nanoparticles with appropriate shape and size. Manuscript profile
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