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Open Access Article
1 - Thematic and structure analysis of the political poems of Yousef Al-Khatib and Malek Al-Shoaraye Bahar
Fatemeh Masoomi Sheikh Ahmad Louiy Katayoun Fallahi Tahereh ChaldereStructural and content analysis in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary, it is an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the poet. This type of analysis, among the types of language use, pays the most attention to language in liter MoreStructural and content analysis in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary, it is an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the poet. This type of analysis, among the types of language use, pays the most attention to language in literature, and most of the research in this branch of study focuses on identifying literary styles, personal language, and the individual creativity of the author. Yusef Khatib is one of the contemporary Palestinian political poets who were himself a member of the Ba'athist Arab Socialist Party, which has been active in many political activities. His poetry collection is full of political concepts about the Arab world that emphasizes the resistance and stability. The similarities between the poetic concepts of Yusuf al-Khatib and Malek al-Shoaraye Bahar led the writers to discuss their poems from a content and structural point of view. In the present study, the authors examine and critique the data with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
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2 - Adaptive analysis of homeland in the poems of Mohammad maghot and Mohammad tage malek alshoary bahar1
rahim ansariporUndoubtedly the love of the homeland of the most important affairs tenderness the poets home to it has dealt stray missile hit his house. A tattered French uniform to dusand home one of the important extension of poetry poets of the. mor depths of the people. Feel, frie MoreUndoubtedly the love of the homeland of the most important affairs tenderness the poets home to it has dealt stray missile hit his house. A tattered French uniform to dusand home one of the important extension of poetry poets of the. mor depths of the people. Feel, friendship in history humanity among all peoples huma are responsible to different problem. Mohamad maghote of poets and writers and literaturemoasear arabeaceandandconsidered. Of Syria is but a part of his life. in Lebanon run. Like two too homeland Adouneasand emaciated gobani years Far from home life. But Malik bahare of laureate the most outstanding poets and writers, the representative of active and militant several of the National Council and the most famous journalists and dignitaries and political intellectuals period of constitutional monarchy and semi-the First Pahlavi monarchy is the political life of him from the beginning of the national movement mashroutehpolitical life of spring like other aspects of his life and complex, and the other with performing the scientific and literary him close poet affect bad conditions of society political poems From Islamic Shariats point composed by writing poems color, sense of friendship and become a shoe and stimulate and seed hatred of enemies in their hearts within both the poet In the period of colonial hard, poverty, UAE corruption, tyranny From Islamic Shariats point of life the ruling political time terms were similar. Manuscript profile -
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3 - Religious Thought in Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar and Ahmad Safi al-Najafi’s poems
Yadollah Rafiee Ramazan RezaeeIf poetry is to serve the public good, and it lead sit to the moral utopia of faith in God, it will be undoubtedly authentic from the viewpoint of Islam; and the Qur'an, the Prophet(pbuh) and the Ahlul Bayt(AS) also support such a poetry. However, with adherence to the MoreIf poetry is to serve the public good, and it lead sit to the moral utopia of faith in God, it will be undoubtedly authentic from the viewpoint of Islam; and the Qur'an, the Prophet(pbuh) and the Ahlul Bayt(AS) also support such a poetry. However, with adherence to the traditions of Islam and the Holy Prophet(SAW), the poem is used as an effective weapon in defense of the moral and religious principles, and to counter enemy attacks from the appearance of Islam till now. In this field, Bahar and Ahmed Safi, are clear examples that religious beliefs and doctrines of the faith has a clear manifestation in their poems. This paper attempts to investigate with content analysis the emergence of religious thoughts in these two poets’ poems. Manuscript profile -
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4 - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMAGE OF WOMEN IN THE POETRY OF JAMIL SEDQI ZAHAWI AND MALEK AL-SHORA BAHAR
Hedieh Ghassemifar Fatemeh ghaderiWomen and their status is among the most important issues the poets of past and present have paid attention to. This elegant creature has been able to develop and improve in the history in the way that she deserves in spite of all the hardships and adversities MoreWomen and their status is among the most important issues the poets of past and present have paid attention to. This elegant creature has been able to develop and improve in the history in the way that she deserves in spite of all the hardships and adversities. Jamil Sedqi Zahawi the Iraqi poet and Malek Al-Shora Bahar the Iranian poet have paid attention to this fact in their works and have helped women through their free and conscious way of thinking. The present article studies the role and status of women in the 19th and 29th century Iraq and during the Qajar and Pahlavi Period in Iran and brings examples of their poetry. The article finally concludes that both poets have similar points of view although there are some minor differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Effect of Arabic Poetry on Persian Literatue
Jalil TajlilArabic poetry could have a remarkable effect on Persian literature from bygones according to the plethora of the poets. It also could reduplicate the themes and concepts by derivation.Many of the forth and fifth centuries have derived their themes from Persian literatur MoreArabic poetry could have a remarkable effect on Persian literature from bygones according to the plethora of the poets. It also could reduplicate the themes and concepts by derivation.Many of the forth and fifth centuries have derived their themes from Persian literature and could make a new style in poetry. This new style is a sign of the effect of Arabic poetry on Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
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6 - Matching Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar’s lyrical themes with Sami al-Baroudi’s ones
Sadegh Ebrahimi Kavary Sakineh Asadi Rezvan LorestaniComparative literature is one of the newly-founded, useful and efficient sciences that refer to the literature of all nations in an indiscrete series and a single category(despite language and form differences). Obviously, many Iranian poets have similarity in poetry an MoreComparative literature is one of the newly-founded, useful and efficient sciences that refer to the literature of all nations in an indiscrete series and a single category(despite language and form differences). Obviously, many Iranian poets have similarity in poetry and language with other poets in the world(including Arab poets) .In every poet’s works, various themes such as literal, political and social can be found, but in the poems of Mahmoud Sami Albaroudi and Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar, two contemporary Arab and Persian poets, there are many similarities. This paper is an attempt to examine their common lyrical themes. Manuscript profile -
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7 - Malek Al-Shoara Bahar and Ibrahim Toghan
Ali Salimi Peyman SalehiSince the countries of Iran and Palestine have historically undergone many events, the literature of resistance has become widely popular in these countries. Poetic expression of patriotism, fighting against colonialism and oppression and sacrificing for MoreSince the countries of Iran and Palestine have historically undergone many events, the literature of resistance has become widely popular in these countries. Poetic expression of patriotism, fighting against colonialism and oppression and sacrificing for the sake of home has been among the prominent features of this literary type. In many occasions in their books of poems the liberal Iranian poetMalekal-ShoaraBahar and the nationalist Palestinian poet Ibrahim Toghan perfectly show the patriotism and sacrificing for one’s hometown. Therefore their political and social poetry has many things in common. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative Study of Utipia from Bahar and Heinrich Böll's Viewpoint
Asiyeh Soveini Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh Adel ZadehPoets and authors as members of the society have always expressed their views about societies' situations. Amongst all Malek o-Sho'Ara Bahār and Heinrich Böll from Iran and Germany had stated their political and social viewpoints in order to criticize the existing MorePoets and authors as members of the society have always expressed their views about societies' situations. Amongst all Malek o-Sho'Ara Bahār and Heinrich Böll from Iran and Germany had stated their political and social viewpoints in order to criticize the existing situation and unwrap their own societies' injustice and lacks. The present research attempts to survey and study the abovementioned subject in Malek o-Sho'Ara Bahār's valuable poetries and Heinrich Böll's stories to express their ideas and views; then it shows that ideal criteria were global for Malek o-Sho'Ara Bahār and Heinrich Böll by focusing utopia's criteria and are known as ideal message for today's human. Manuscript profile -
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9 - Contemporary Literature in Syria and Lebanon
Nader Nezam TehraniContemporary literature has been created in Syria and Lebanon because of the suitable backdrop which was provided by previous poets. So they could create schools in their countries by using Western classic methods. For instance, in classic poet which was based on "wisdo MoreContemporary literature has been created in Syria and Lebanon because of the suitable backdrop which was provided by previous poets. So they could create schools in their countries by using Western classic methods. For instance, in classic poet which was based on "wisdom" philosophy, emotion has given up against wisdom; this school followed the Arithmetic school. On the other hand, by composing rhythmic poets in Persian, the close relation is clearly observable; such as Nima and shamloo's. Contemporary poets such "Nazek al-Mala'ek" and "Nezar Ghovani" could use these in their songs and emotions which have the most important effect on Arab, Syrian and Lebanese poetry. Manuscript profile -
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10 - Free Verse and Ode in Iran and Arabic Countries
Nader Nezam TehraniEffecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry could be seen in Abbasid era. Although effecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry can not be seen in the contemporary era, it has played an important role in Abbasid era. This cultural exchange has only exis MoreEffecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry could be seen in Abbasid era. Although effecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry can not be seen in the contemporary era, it has played an important role in Abbasid era. This cultural exchange has only existed in early 20th century. Some translate Arabic poetry into Persian and others translate vice versa; that's because of both group's talents the emergence of the modern poetry and prose could be found in both contries and that was the result of both nobility. Manuscript profile -
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11 - Principles of Time Management and its Pathology in the Divan of Bahar
Haniyeh Taherloo Kamran Pashaei Fakhri Parvaneh AdelzadehTaking advantage of life and achieving success are among the main goals of human beings. One of the most important steps in this direction is to master time and manage it properly, and human beings move towards perfection until they reach the source by going throug MoreTaking advantage of life and achieving success are among the main goals of human beings. One of the most important steps in this direction is to master time and manage it properly, and human beings move towards perfection until they reach the source by going through the poisons of life (wasting time) along the way. The result is that if one knows the value of time, one knows the value of life. What is being retrieved and reviewed in the present article is the optimal way to use time and its harmful factors in Bahar's poetries. Poetries that emphasize the transience of life and the grabbing the moments; this shows the importance of the mentioned subject as well as its necessity. The research sources are written references and the method is descriptive – research. Manuscript profile -
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12 - The aesthetics of employing the galaxy in ancient Arabic poetry until the end of the Abbasid era
ahmad karami Syed mahmoud Mirzai Al-Husseini ali nazariThe sky, with its enchanting beauty and the astronomical phenomena that surrounds it, was and still is a source of inspiration in describing, comparing, similarizing, metaphorizing, and creating wonderful artistic images. Their poetic language and highlighting their abi MoreThe sky, with its enchanting beauty and the astronomical phenomena that surrounds it, was and still is a source of inspiration in describing, comparing, similarizing, metaphorizing, and creating wonderful artistic images. Their poetic language and highlighting their ability in it, and they may deprive it of the subtlety of its beauty, the secret of its beauty, to add to it artistic aesthetic values. The galaxy was one of the tributaries that occupy a part of the poetry of Arab poets for purposes such as praise, description, pride and pride, which they use in their poetic discourse, especially in their analogies. They derive their colour, height, shape, appearance and the lights of the stars they possess to depict the wonderful meanings expressing their feelings, emotions and whims. The contents and images derived from them have evolved over the ages. This study, in summary, attempts to extrapolate the poetic verses in the galaxy from ancient poetry until the end of the Abbasid era and to study the aesthetics of their artistic use.Keywords: aesthetics. galaxy. old poetry Abbasid Manuscript profile -
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13 - Studying and analyzing the elements of alienation and loneliness and comparing them in the poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simin Behbehani
sa sa mahnaz bahraniNostalgia or the feeling of loneliness or sadness resulting from alienation from a psychological point of view is heartbreak and a person's longing for his past. This feeling appears as a manifestation of unconscious human behavior. Nostalgia, or feeling lonely and sad, MoreNostalgia or the feeling of loneliness or sadness resulting from alienation from a psychological point of view is heartbreak and a person's longing for his past. This feeling appears as a manifestation of unconscious human behavior. Nostalgia, or feeling lonely and sad, manifests itself within the framework of longing for home, lover, family, happy childhood and adolescence, and favorable political, social, economic, and religious conditions in the past. The result of this research shows that Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simon Behbehani, as followers of the romantic school of contemporary literature (Arabic and Persian), used nostalgia as one of the basic and necessary foundations in their poetry and based on psychological sources and indicators are presented among the poets of nostalgia, although al-Bayati's words and feelings are more attractive and emotional Compared to Simin Behbehani. This research studies the poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simon Behbehani with an analytical and descriptive approach based on library sources. Its aim is to discover the components of nostalgia and to know the intellectual and poetic lines of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
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14 - The effects of dystopia in the poetry of Ahmad al-Waeli, a case study of the ode "Baghdad"
Alireza Mohammad Rezaei Seyed Yusef Nejat Nejad Mostafa ChananiMany contemporary writers and poets have investigated the phenomenon of dystopia or the opposite of the utopia; the corrupt city, in their works, and blamed the oppressive governments and rulers, with their poetry and works, who do nothing for the sake of people and the MoreMany contemporary writers and poets have investigated the phenomenon of dystopia or the opposite of the utopia; the corrupt city, in their works, and blamed the oppressive governments and rulers, with their poetry and works, who do nothing for the sake of people and their future but their own interests and supporters, and informed their own people and audiences for the evil effects and stimulated them for their removal and correction. Unemployment, poverty and deprivation of natural and legal blessings, destructive wars and their bad effects, lust and the luxurious life of rulers and leaders of power are its most prominent features. Ahmad al-Waeli warned Iraqi people in a poem titled "Baghdad" and his other poems, against the existence of the corrupt city and criticized the rulers and governments with his poem. In this article, we examine the characteristics of this anti-utopia in the poet's poem "Baghdad" using a descriptive and analytical method, and at the end, we refer to the results of this study. Manuscript profile -
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15 - A study in the effectiveness of argument patterns in the mirror of Samih al-Qasim's poetry
ayat shokati ali sayadani ali khaleghi Jafar AmshasfandA study in the effectiveness of argument patterns in the mirror of Samih al-Qasim's poetryThe social use of speech highlights the pilgrims as a distinctive feature, so every argument presupposes a counter-argument, and there is absolutely no pilgrims without counter-arg MoreA study in the effectiveness of argument patterns in the mirror of Samih al-Qasim's poetryThe social use of speech highlights the pilgrims as a distinctive feature, so every argument presupposes a counter-argument, and there is absolutely no pilgrims without counter-arguments, given that the truth, when revealed in the context of human and social relations, is difficult to comprehend and becomes a subject of dispute and controversy in the absence of material and objective arguments. The field of pilgrims, then, is not the truthful and necessary, which distinguishes it from the proof - but rather the potential. That is why Gilles Declercq says that the pilgrims, while taking human and social relations as their field, emerge as a linguistic and intellectual tool that allows decision-making in a field dominated by conflict and dominated by argument. Samih al-Qasim is one of the most important and famous contemporary Arab and Palestinian poets whose name is associated with the poetry of revolution and resistance. The subject of our research, as indicated by its title, is a study of the pilgrims in the poetry of Samih Al-Qasim, and by studying here we mean looking at the sum of the techniques that the poet adopts to invoke an opinion or refute an idea, trying to convince the reader of what he simplifies or make him acquiesce in what he presents. This will inevitably lead us to study the structure of pilgrims on the one hand, and its methods on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
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16 - Release of contemporary man from crisis in Khalil Havi's poems
Afshar GhasemabadiKhalil Havi's poems contain an echo from contemporary man and his problems and hardships that speak of the pain, suffering and oppressions on him. Havi considers man in the present age, especially Arabic contemporary man, to be a captive creature that is caught in the c MoreKhalil Havi's poems contain an echo from contemporary man and his problems and hardships that speak of the pain, suffering and oppressions on him. Havi considers man in the present age, especially Arabic contemporary man, to be a captive creature that is caught in the current crisis and is surrounded by oppression. Poet in his poems also deals with the oppressions and crises that caused man to be stagnant in the present age, to the extent that a deep crisis and tragedy is depicted in his poems, and this is the crisis and sorrow that is the basis of human existence. Havi is not unaware of contemporary man's awareness of his oppression and problems and it is to explain contemporary man with the human principle. In his poems, he considers ideas for human release and uses his existential experiences and expresses them. According to Khalil Havi, contemporary man, in order to free himself, has made release as the top priority of his life and with slogans such as hope, waiting for miracles, certainty, struggle and revolution, resurrection and idealism, strives for release and freedom and alleviation of its pains and sufferings in order to be able to do an action with these ideas and efforts and struggles for the release of humanity, in particular, the Arabic man and in all these circumstances, he hoped to achieve the freedom he wanted. Manuscript profile -
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17 - Comparative Study of the Poems of Mohammad Hossein Shahriyar and Nazak al-Malaeka from the Perspective of Social Criticism
Jamal Talebi Qara Gheshlaghi Muharram Ghorbani Mehdi ShafaeiMohammad Hussein Shahriyar and Nazak al-Malaeka are two great poets and pioneers in contemporary Persian and Arabic literature. Nazak al-Malaeka, like Shahriyar, has reached true love after the failure of love that he has seen displaced and confused. The spirit of oppre MoreMohammad Hussein Shahriyar and Nazak al-Malaeka are two great poets and pioneers in contemporary Persian and Arabic literature. Nazak al-Malaeka, like Shahriyar, has reached true love after the failure of love that he has seen displaced and confused. The spirit of oppression, altruism, justice and the expression of social pains are in the poems of both poets and it is the way for oppressed nations. Undoubtedly, the penetrating and miraculous language of Mohammad Hossein Shahriyar in creating dramatic and happy stories of his life is so fascinating and sweet that it can be boldly said that none of his contemporaries is equal to him. Social and political poems, his love poems and pieces and poems, especially Turkish Shahriyar, have been expressed in a fascinating and emotional way that expresses the nostalgia of the poet's childhood to the highest degree and all poets and speakers in Turkish literature and Persian and the literature of other nations of the world are also astonishing. This article is expressed in an analytical-descriptive way. The present study has tried to know the secret of permanence and attractiveness of social and mystical poems of Mohammad Hossein Shahriyar and Nazak al-Malaeka and the influence of knowledge and thought in themes such as justice, oppression, love and altruism, love, anti-poverty and ... take one more step to the destination. Manuscript profile -
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18 - The Function of Colors in Nouri Al Jarrah’s Poetry Case study: White, Green and Black Colors
Masoud Bavan Poori Katayoun Fallahi Kobra AlvarNouri Al-Jarrah is one of the contemporary Syrian poets who color has different functions in his poetries. The mentioned colors in his divan are to describe a thing or a phenomenon; or having metaphorical, ironic and sometimes allegorical meanings. The present article a MoreNouri Al-Jarrah is one of the contemporary Syrian poets who color has different functions in his poetries. The mentioned colors in his divan are to describe a thing or a phenomenon; or having metaphorical, ironic and sometimes allegorical meanings. The present article attempts to express and analyze the functions of green, white and black colors in his poetries with descriptive – analytical method. The results of the research indicate that the colors in Al-Jarrah’s poetry provide the basis for creating conflict, contradiction, ambiguity as well as sadness and grief; In other words, the poet plays with the audience’s traditional expectations against colors. From the statistical point of view and the frequency of the presence of colors in the poet’s poetry, neutral colors such as white and black have a wide presence in Al Jarrah’s poetry and in many situations the presence of these two colors is felt along with other colors. The mentioned colors in addition to their symbolic function have negated or neutralized the meaning of other colors. Manuscript profile -
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19 - A Study on the Aesthetics of Khalil Hawi’s Poetic Language (Case Study of Sodom and Post – Ice Poems)
Bahman Hadiloo Ebrahim Nateq TajraqIn the contemporary period, following the new conditions that occurred in the Arab society, the language of poetry changed and the poets renewed their poetic language. Khalil Hawi, like his other counterparts, innovated in different parts of his poetic language and used MoreIn the contemporary period, following the new conditions that occurred in the Arab society, the language of poetry changed and the poets renewed their poetic language. Khalil Hawi, like his other counterparts, innovated in different parts of his poetic language and used poetic language as a tool for creativity and a tool for creating images, so his poetic language has a special charm and beauty that deserves to be studied. The present article descriptively-analytically discusses the aesthetics of the poet's poetic language in order to achieve the aesthetic components in two poems (Sodom and Post ice). He has the power of expression and delicacy, and sometimes we see that he uses a language full of the spirit of life and emotion. Structurally, it has given a new emotional atmosphere to the poem, the use of which has led to beauty in his poetic language, including the most important elements of beauty, a part of the poet who uses it to create a distinctive image in his poetry and express special beauty in his poetic language. They include: repetition of words to emphasize meaning and music creation, change in sentence structure, use of the speaker's (intrinsic) conscience that refers to the poet's concern for the nation, visual paradox, contempt in the structural and semantic type, and the use of the myth of Tammuz. Manuscript profile -
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20 - Resisting foreign occupiers in the poetry of Jawad al-Hattab
Mehdi Shahrokh Arshad Thamer Ibrahim Al-KhafajiResistance literature charts the course of the popular struggle that comes with the aim of liberating the land, and defending religion and culture against evil aggressors against those national and human values in a refined literary style. Contemporary Iraqi poet Jawad MoreResistance literature charts the course of the popular struggle that comes with the aim of liberating the land, and defending religion and culture against evil aggressors against those national and human values in a refined literary style. Contemporary Iraqi poet Jawad Al-Hattab is famous for his struggle stance and his resistance poetry in the Iraqi arena. And staying at home, where his book “A Wreath of Music on the Corpse of a Piano” was the first anti-occupation book of a poet living under occupation. This research aims to study the poetry of Jawad Al-Hattab's resistance against the American occupier, based on the descriptive analytical method. The results of the research indicate that the poet’s poetry is replete with issues of praising the martyrs and heroes, denouncing the American invaders, revealing their crimes, and inciting armed struggle against them, and the poet’s resistance axes is a call to struggle and expose American crime in Iraq with the aim of mobilizing world opinion and mobilizing the Arab masses against them and praising the heroes and martyrs because The role of the martyr in advocating the cause of liberating the country. We also see the emphasis on the element of hope for liberation in abundance in his poetry of resistance, where the recipient finds hope of victory and liberation important to his poetry. Manuscript profile -
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21 - Meta-poetry in Contemporary Arabic Poetry
hosein taktabar Rewaa MaawnaThis article aims to show that the poet is the son of his environment, and his tools and poetic themes must stem from that environment, whether he likes it or not. Our goal is to study the civilizational development and its impact on the poet's thought and the impact of MoreThis article aims to show that the poet is the son of his environment, and his tools and poetic themes must stem from that environment, whether he likes it or not. Our goal is to study the civilizational development and its impact on the poet's thought and the impact of social, political and economic life, that most of the poetry was speaking about the life lived by the poet and the extent of its impact on the poet and society in general.We also note that the study of concepts, terms and meanings has dominated a wide area in Arab and non-Arab criticism, and each group is interested in presenting the juice of their thought about a specific meaning.In this article, we relied on the thematic, semantic and semiotic approach, on a careful consideration of the deep, not superficial, transformations taking place in Arabic poetry, which can be included in the section of modernity. Poetry and how to choose poetic tools and how to use themThis thesis is distinguished from others in that it dealt with metacharism by addressing Arab poets from several countries and different social conditions, cultures and religions that had not previously been collected in similar previous studies.The findings of this thesis in studying several fields of poets of the modern era by renewing the language in the light of a new experience and a new understanding of the poet's life and experience. Manuscript profile -
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22 - Manifestations of Commitment in the Poetry of the Arab Spring Revolutions in Egypt (Analytical review of selected samples)
askar babazadeh aghdam jamal talebii ghare gheshlaghi asma aljiaboushaiebAbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation MoreAbstractCommitment in literature means that the poet or writer uses his intellectual and literary talent and ability in the service of his community, expresses the pains and sufferings, hopes and aspirations of his people in an honest language and away from affiliation and prejudice against the party or political tendency. Special portrayed. This thinking is the essence of committed literature. Accordingly, the poetry of the 2011 Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt is considered a committed poem, and after the decline of this type of poetry in the past decades, it has criticized the most important political and social issues during the rule of Hosni Mubarak. The present article seeks to study and analyze the manifestations of commitment in the poetry of the Arab Spring revolutions in Egypt shortly before and after 2011 in the poems of famous poets such as Abd- al Moati Hejazi, Farouk Gouida and Abd al Rahman al-ashmavi and some other anonymous poets. One of the most important findings of the study is that political tyranny as well as social problems such as poverty and unemployment have been the main reasons for the revolution of the Egyptian people. Therefore, committed poets opposed tyranny by focusing on tyranny and lack of civil liberties, and challenged it because of corruption in the administrative and governmental system. They also addressed social problems such as poverty and unemployment because of their attachment to society, and did not forget the leading role of poetry in awakening and calling for revolution. Manuscript profile -
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23 - Irony in the poetry of Muhammad Reda al-Shabibi
abdollkarim alboughbish raheem ansaripour aziz eshmidianAbstract:Many Iraqi poets, in their poems, touched on the prevailing and ruling situation on the Iraqi people and the extent of the oppression of the ruler and occupier of their country, and they took different approaches to explain what happened to their homeland, Iraq MoreAbstract:Many Iraqi poets, in their poems, touched on the prevailing and ruling situation on the Iraqi people and the extent of the oppression of the ruler and occupier of their country, and they took different approaches to explain what happened to their homeland, Iraq. Among these methods, which have had an effective and effective resonance in the hearts of Iraqis, is the use of satirical poetry, and many satirical poets have emerged who use satirical poetry as a weapon to defend their principles and enlighten the ideas of their oppressed people. Irony in dealing with many social, cultural, religious and political issues in the Iraqi society in particular and the issues of the Arab world in general. Al-Shabibi and his political ideas went beyond the framework of Iraq and included a broader and more comprehensive framework, which is the Arab framework. Religion and mocking customs and traditions and the like. This study relied on the descriptive-analytical approach in dealing with the features of irony in the poetry of Muhammad Reda Al-Shabibi and showing his goals from employing such an art to reach his goals. Keywords: irony - al-Shabibi - Iraq - poetry - satire Manuscript profile -
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24 - Comparison of Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi and Yadollah Royaei 's Views on the elements of contemporary poetry
Gholamreza Khanmohammadi Ali Sabbaghi Hassan Heidari Tahereh MirhashemiThere has been an old and new confrontation in the field of poetry and speech since very past to the present. The present article intends to compare Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi’s (1258-1321) Viewpoint as a pro-traditional poetry critic and Yadollah Royaei (1311) as a p MoreThere has been an old and new confrontation in the field of poetry and speech since very past to the present. The present article intends to compare Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi’s (1258-1321) Viewpoint as a pro-traditional poetry critic and Yadollah Royaei (1311) as a pro-modernist critic in Persian poetry, about poetry and poesy by applying inductive method and studies Yadollah Royaei and Vahid Dastgerdi’s articles and comments in Armaghan magazine The result of the research shows that Vahid Dastgerdi considers poetry as a medium for conveying high moral and mystical concepts by adhering to traditions. In contrast, Yadollah Royaei emphasizes the intelligent use of image, language and the coherence of poetic elements. For Vahid Dastgerdi, it is important to enjoy rhythm and rhyme, but not for a Royaei; but both poems are considered linguistic art. Manuscript profile -
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25 - Manifestations of Resistant Literature in Iranian Literature and Contemporary Palestine
Mohammad reza Beigi mehdi mohammadi Khadijeh Safari kendsariLanguage is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "w MoreLanguage is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "what to say" and "how to say". The occupation of Arab countries, including Iraq and Palestine, as well as the imposed war after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, were a great test for the field. Anyone could protect the homeland in any way he could. This current remains to this day and is necessary to preserve the values of sacred defense. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the research findings indicate that the language of contemporary stability poetry with persuasive functions has religious, epic, cultural and mythological themes, and using structures such as allusion, simile, metaphor, aberration, The archetype, etc. depicts the blowing of the spirit of morality and the strength and heroic authority with a suitable and eloquent tone and meaning for the audience. Manuscript profile -
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26 - A Comparative Study of the Social Image of Women in Jami's Poems and Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s Poets
Roqiyeh Khoddami Mahnaz Ramezani Zohreh SarmadThe Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, MoreThe Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, the situation has changed during the constitutional period. In the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poets, this change of attitude and improvement of the position of women can be clearly seen. This can be related both to the political and social conditions of the poet's age and to his personal view of women. Analytical-descriptive study shows that Jami in Leili and Majnoon presents a positive image of female characteristics such as beauty, loyalty, intellect, etc. introduced as a liar and lustful. This dual approach is also observed in the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poetries, with the difference that a positive attitude towards women is more prominent. Woman is not only mentioned as a mistress, but also the rationality, personality and humanity of women In Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poems. Manuscript profile -
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27 - A Study of the Theme of Palestine in the Literature of Sustainability in the Poems of Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi, Nasrallah Mardani and Javad Jamil"
Forouzan joolaei nahid fowziThe literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This t MoreThe literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This type of literature as a branch of committed literature in the occupied territories due to concerns as well as oppression and resistance of the people and also due to its formation in contexts such as oppression, rape, tyranny, oppression and repression from a high position. And the issue of resistance against the occupiers, due to the recording of the struggles of the peoples of the Orient due to the political commonalities and beliefs that exist between the two nations of Iran and Palestine, as one of the central themes of Islamic Revolution poetry, in the works of many committed poets And there is a revolution. In this article, with a comparative approach to the poetry of Javad Jamil, a prominent Iraqi poet, and Seyyed Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi and Nasrallah Mardani, prominent poets of the Islamic Revolution, the common themes of these poets in dealing with the issue of the occupation of Palestine are examined. The resistance and stability of the Palestinian people and the fighters of this land have been praised by poets. Anti-authoritarianism and the expulsion of the usurpers of the land of Palestine are the aspirations of all three poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - A comparative study of the figurative paradox between Bushra al-Bustani and Abu al-Qasim
ZAHRA SAIDI Mohammad reza BeigiPictorial paradox is an art that the contemporary poet uses to highlight the contradiction between two opposite sides. There is a kind of contradiction between them. Figurative irony is one of the poetic elements in Arabic and Persian literature. which Abu al-Qasim Hala MorePictorial paradox is an art that the contemporary poet uses to highlight the contradiction between two opposite sides. There is a kind of contradiction between them. Figurative irony is one of the poetic elements in Arabic and Persian literature. which Abu al-Qasim Halat and Bushra al-Bustani employed as an artistic element to highlight their thoughts and emotions, and through them they described popular society, political repression, and colonialism; This poetic mechanism leads to popular awakening and urges to confront the colonialists. Bushra Al-Bustani, an Iraqi poet and critic (1949 AD); Abul-Qasim Halat, poet, writer and translator in 1289 A.D. Both are contemporary poets who come up with sarcastic verses between their poems. There is no doubt that the two poets Abu al-Qasim Halat and Bushra al-Bustani were influenced by the literature of paradox, and for this reason we find that there are many common denominators between the two literatures in Iran and Iraq. We see that the paradox led to the emergence of commonalities between the nationalistic tendencies of the two poets, the method of expressing them, and the common contents of their productions; The revolutionary spirit committed to oppression and colonialism, which you see in their poems, is evident. The most important results of this study: the manifestation of patriotism, anti-colonial movements, freedom and justice in their poetry. And the approach that we adopted in this article is descriptive and analytical. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Alienation and its motives in the poetry of Soraya Al-Arid )study and analysis(
faroogh nemati behnam fealiThe manifestations of sadness, anxiety and loss of intellectual and social balance, are different manifestations of the feeling of alienation in man. The contemporary Arab poet, as an educated person with strong emotions, whether he lives under colonialism or under regi MoreThe manifestations of sadness, anxiety and loss of intellectual and social balance, are different manifestations of the feeling of alienation in man. The contemporary Arab poet, as an educated person with strong emotions, whether he lives under colonialism or under regimes that confiscate freedom, suffers from all kinds of loss and alienation, so he loses his humanity and becomes unable to communicate with society and with his forgotten self. Soraya Al-Areedh faced in her life bitter struggles with colonialism and internal tyranny, and she spent a long time in an intellectual struggle with herself and the society around her. Away from the homeland, bewilderment with eternity, failure in love and loss of maternal care, feeling lost and lost in the world and spiritual loneliness in it, boredom with society and its traditions, and the experience of political tyranny, are among the most important factors for the emergence of the feeling of alienation in Soraya Al-Arid. In its study plan, this article relies on the descriptive-analytical approach and investigates the types of alienation and then applies it to poetic models of the poet as a prominent writer in contemporary Kuwaiti poetry. It was reflected in her hair. Manuscript profile -
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30 - The effectiveness of Binary oppositions and the structure of meaning in the poem of Abd –al wahhab al-bayati In light of the structuralist theory
askar babazadeh aghdam jamal talebiDual contrasts are a kind of textual structure that the poet uses to reveal the harmony of contradiction within the text. This type of textual structure is one of the most important forms of expression in the poetry of al-Bayati, and she has used it significantly to exp MoreDual contrasts are a kind of textual structure that the poet uses to reveal the harmony of contradiction within the text. This type of textual structure is one of the most important forms of expression in the poetry of al-Bayati, and she has used it significantly to express her thoughts, ideas and emotions. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach and criterion of Bayati's collection of poetic works, examines some important dual contrasts such as the contrast of death and life, me and the other, travel and return, love and revolution, homeland and exile, and the contrast of times. One of the most important findings of the present study is that the dual confrontations in Bayati's poetry have gone beyond a limited perspective, that is, word-for-word confrontation, and have taken on various political and social implications such as critique of the ruling hegemony and critique of the tragic situation of the Iraqi people. Regarding the contrast between life and death, research has shown that death, from Bayati's point of view, is necessary for the revitalization of Iraq. In contrast to me and the other, it was concluded that the other has played an effective role in expressing Bayati's wishes and desires and thoughts and ideas and deepening her innate will in different situations. In connection with the confrontation between the journey and the return, it was revealed that the Bayati journey was a journey in search of hope and the promised dream. Bayati established a link between love and revolution, Manuscript profile -
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31 - The impact of immigration on the poetry of the Diaspora and Palestinian poetry (a comparative study)
habib keshavarz Mehdi TorkshvandThe poets of the diaspora and the poets of the homeless Palestine, both of them live outside their countries, and in addition to their feeling of alienation, they have a longing for their homeland. But the motives and reasons behind the migration of these poets differ; MoreThe poets of the diaspora and the poets of the homeless Palestine, both of them live outside their countries, and in addition to their feeling of alienation, they have a longing for their homeland. But the motives and reasons behind the migration of these poets differ; The poets of the diaspora migrated to the countries of the North and South America of their own free will and in order to live a better life, and they may return - whenever they want - to their homelands. As for the poets of Palestine, they did not leave their country voluntarily. Rather, it was the Zionist occupiers who expelled them, and they did not return to their homeland. In this article, we try, using an analytic-descriptive approach, to study the effects of migration on the poetry of Palestine and the poetry of the diaspora, and to show the differences between these effects. The results obtained from this research work show that the different motives and causes of emigration have had a direct impact on the poetry of the poets of Palestine and the poets of the diaspora. The poets of the diaspora yearn for the homeland, but they do not return to it, begging for flimsy pretexts, and aiming arrows of criticism at the masses, while the poets of Palestine love their country and call the masses to struggle. In addition, the emotions of Palestinian poets and their feelings of longing for their homeland are truer. Manuscript profile -
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32 - The aesthetics of employing coffin girls in ancient Arabic poetry until the end of the Abbasid era
ahmad karamiAbstractThe group of coffin girls with its bright and dim stars was and still is a source of inspiration for poets. They draw inspiration from them for meanings, contents, and creative images, and they employ them in various poetic purposes, describing, praising, proud, MoreAbstractThe group of coffin girls with its bright and dim stars was and still is a source of inspiration for poets. They draw inspiration from them for meanings, contents, and creative images, and they employ them in various poetic purposes, describing, praising, proud, or proud in pictorial formations that differ in their artistic level from one era to another. The meanings and images in all of that depended on the mentality of the poets. It is suitable for the natural components of their environments and keeps pace with the social developments surrounding them.The images derived from the daughters of the coffin in the pre-Islamic era were naive and superficial, keeping pace with the era of poets, but they developed and took on a moral character throughout the ages, and they became more beautiful, more splendid, and more dazzling, no matter how mature the mentality of the poets increased. This article - despite its brevity - attempts to monitor the poetic verses in which the poets employed coffin girls or some of their stars in the specified period for research and studying the aesthetics of their employment in a descriptive and analytical approach using library sources Manuscript profile -
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33 - Savior Effects in the utopia of contemporary Persian poets(Study in the opinions of three political currents)
mohamareza ziaae esmaiil eslamiAbstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) accor MoreAbstract The contemporary history of Iran witnessed many political and social events, especially in the twentieth century, and its echoes were reflected in contemporary literature, especially poetry, Contemporary poets tried to depict their virtuous city (Utopia) according to their political views and religious positions. Contemporary Iranian poets, in their virtuous city, placed part of their hopes and aspirations on the shoulders of the promised deliverer. Although there are similarities in the nature of the proselyte, we see differences in its attributes and characteristics. This study, depending on the descriptive and analytical methods, seeks to shed light on the views of a number of contemporary Iranian poets about the Savior in their utopian city by providing some examples and studying them, and comparing them with the three opinions of religious scholars to reveal the common and different denominators between them. One of the most important findings of the study is that there is rich material in contemporary Persian poetry about the promised deliverer, and that contemporary Iranian poets almost agree on the idea of waiting and the appearance of the deliverer, but they differ in the credibility of the deliverer. Some of them believed in Imam Mahdi, and some of them went in another direction, and looked for people with different characteristics. Manuscript profile -
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34 - Aesthetics of structural-semantic strains in Ebrahim Nasrallah's poetry
arman mohamadi mohamadreza beigiIn this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce r MoreIn this study, we want to discuss analytical method and relying on structural and semantic aspects of empowering palestinian poet lyrics nasrallah , To understand how the beautymaker axes the superstructure, and the construction of deep thoughts and emotions to induce resistance towards Palestine and reflect the concept is used? And how these axes is distinct language and content of his poetry. The results show that the surface structure to avoid recession fades nasrallah in ordinary language, the art techniques, rhetoric and composition to highlight new vocabulary word is used and has provided beauty of poetry. The readings also showed deep structure is based on his poems Palestine, Palestinian suffering and human tragedy, resistance, defiance and hope for the freedom to form. The construction of meaning is one of the tools that conscious poet richness of poetry, to contemplate forcing the audience and instill a sense it is used.Keywords: aesthetic, structural-semantic axes, resistance poetry, Ibrahim Nasrallah. Manuscript profile -
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35 - The structure of the poetic text in the attempts to “create a cloud” by Ibrahim Mustafa Al-Hamad (a stylistic study)
ysra tamer MOHAMMAD GHAFOURIFAREbrahim Mustafa al-Hamad is one of the poets whose poetry expresses the life conditions and glory of his people. His poetry is distinguished by its eloquence in description and beauty of meanings with artistic features and goals.This research, with descriptive-analytica MoreEbrahim Mustafa al-Hamad is one of the poets whose poetry expresses the life conditions and glory of his people. His poetry is distinguished by its eloquence in description and beauty of meanings with artistic features and goals.This research, with descriptive-analytical method, tries to examine the poetic view of Ibrahim al-Hamd through his poetry divan "Attempts of Ghaimah's initiative" in four levels (lexical level, syntactic level, phonetic and semantic level). . One of the most important findings of the research is that: First of all, this collection of Al-Hamd Diwan poems is an outstanding love poem, because it contains a lot of romantic words and flirting with the beloved, describing her and singing about her beauty. There are many terms of literary words in the divan of the poet and his likes, etc. and the most comprehensive words that refer to nature and related to it. Secondly, the study conducted in the analysis of the compositional level of the poem shows the wide presence of present sentences and the variety of compositional sentences. The importance of musical repetition and puns, strange sounds and abandoned sounds in most of the poems of the poet Ebrahim al-Hamad in his divan is due to the feeling of comfort and The calmness is evident. Mental stability, which requires transparency in transferring his poetic dialogue to another. Thirdly, there are many sources of artistic images in Ebrahim al-Hamd's poems, hence we see the wide and prominent presence of similes and metaphors in his poetry collection. Manuscript profile -
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36 - The rhythmic structure in the collection "The Angels Return to Work" by Abdul-Azim Finjan
jasim zaghir almosawey hamideh salehiPhonetic semantics play a key role in expressing aesthetics, through the study of the characteristics of sounds, the repetition of words, and their relevance with meanings.Contemporary Iraqi poetry was not limited to the care of good systems only. But the concern was wi MorePhonetic semantics play a key role in expressing aesthetics, through the study of the characteristics of sounds, the repetition of words, and their relevance with meanings.Contemporary Iraqi poetry was not limited to the care of good systems only. But the concern was with that and before it in the sense. Abd al-Azim Finjan (1955-) an Iraqi poet who sang romantic poetry in contemporary Arabic literatureThe most prominent of his poetry collections is "Angels Return to Work", consisting of two parts. The first is: "A People of Butterflies and Crystal", which is a celebration of love in all its variations. The second is titled "The Legend of the Book Thief" and deals with personal legends of men and women, with an important paragraph called "Gospel". Apocryphal" where wisdom mingles with the everyday poem. In his poetry, there is a kind of music that was not perceived except through a delicate sense and a precise understanding. This inner music hides in the conscience of words, structures and sentences and affects the listener with a special effect. This research pays attention to the vocal aesthetics through the semantics of sounds, and the statement of the characteristics of poetic sounds. We chose the collection of poetry "The Angels Return to Work" because of the abundance of what we saw in it of the sounds' indication of its subject matter and because of the implications of these vocal techniques in the poet's poetry. Manuscript profile -
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37 - A Research on Al Jedariyah Ode by Mahmoud Darvish Stylistic from Russian Formalism Point of View
Rasool Balawi Alireza SheikhianiStylistic is a branch of modern linguistic which surveys and analyzes the literary styles and technical methods. Formalism school is one of important modern approaches in stylistics. Russian formalisms believe that only the style (frame) can determine the meaning and th MoreStylistic is a branch of modern linguistic which surveys and analyzes the literary styles and technical methods. Formalism school is one of important modern approaches in stylistics. Russian formalisms believe that only the style (frame) can determine the meaning and the concept of the context. Mahmoud Darvish – Palestinian poet – is one of the poets who worked in modernism style. He could present his thoughts and concepts in an attractive and gorgeous structure. This article studies Al Jedariyah ode which presents frame and content simultaneously. The present paper attempts to depict the vocal and verbal criteria of the mentioned ode in descriptive – analytical method from Russian formalisms point of view. The most important outcome of the survey is that the stated ode presents itself in the most beautiful frame and format. Darvish was trying to develop the formalism style and that's why various rhythms and rhymes could be found in his ode. Manuscript profile -
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38 - Breaking Norms in Mahmoud Darvish's Poetry by Emphasizing Al-ʾAʿmāl aš-Šiʿriyyat al-Kāmilah
Fatemeh Asadi Ezzat Molla EbrahimiBreaking the norms is one of the Formalists' findings which today forms the basics of methodology and linguistics. Mahmoud Darvish has deformed the usual and normal formations in different cases and has created new combinations and attractive images. Breaking the norms MoreBreaking the norms is one of the Formalists' findings which today forms the basics of methodology and linguistics. Mahmoud Darvish has deformed the usual and normal formations in different cases and has created new combinations and attractive images. Breaking the norms from Leech's point of view is of eight types which the present paper intends to study and analyze lexical, semantics and scripting breaking norms in Al-ʾAʿmāl aš-Šiʿriyyat al-Kāmilah. The results show that Mahmoud Darvish has enjoyed similes and metaphors more than other poets as well as ancient lexicons beside new additional combinations, paradox, alliteration and … . Manuscript profile -
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39 - Grief's Romantic Song: Various Motivations and Interpretations (Samples from Arab Poets)
Mohammad Hassan Omraei Gholam Abbas RezaeiArabic literature has always been full of emotional and sorrowful songs but it has been developed and some poets could accompany their poetries with sorrow. Thus the reflection of grief and sadness is obvious in their works; sadness feeling is known as a remarkable char MoreArabic literature has always been full of emotional and sorrowful songs but it has been developed and some poets could accompany their poetries with sorrow. Thus the reflection of grief and sadness is obvious in their works; sadness feeling is known as a remarkable characteristic of their works. The present paper initially studies grief's romantic song in Nazik al-Malaika, Salah Abdel Sabour, Ahmed Abdel Muti Hijazi and Badr Shakir al Sayyab's poetries as samples; and then the effective elements in emotions forming and growth are surveyed. Finally it analyzes psychological, social, philosophical and metaphysical approaches and motivations in grief's interpretation. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Norm breaking in Ahmad Matar poetry
Azam dehghani Roghiyeh Rostam Pour MalekiAhmad Matar – Iraqi satirical poet – attempted to save the Arabic governments from imperialistic yoke who tried to arrogate nations’ freedom. His poetic language has sensible characteristics which the poet applies them in order to invite people to free MoreAhmad Matar – Iraqi satirical poet – attempted to save the Arabic governments from imperialistic yoke who tried to arrogate nations’ freedom. His poetic language has sensible characteristics which the poet applies them in order to invite people to freedom and liberty. Norm breaking is one of his poetry’s features. The present article tries to survey the vocal norm breaking – including rhyme, rhythm, and phoneme norm breaking – in Ahmad Matar’s poetry in descriptive – analytic method by using contemporary critic and study the reasons of this kind norm which are: tendency to modernism, expressing the expectations and discomforts. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Poetic Mystery and Technical Image in Ali Jaafar Al-Allaq's Poetry
Mohammad Ali Azarshab Hossein Elyasi Bayan QamariMystery is one of the substantial elements of contemporary Arabic poetry and the contemporary poet applies it as a strong tool in his poetry because of the mystery importance in strengthening and dynamic role. In fact mystery application is not only for expressing the m MoreMystery is one of the substantial elements of contemporary Arabic poetry and the contemporary poet applies it as a strong tool in his poetry because of the mystery importance in strengthening and dynamic role. In fact mystery application is not only for expressing the meanings in a complex format; but also the poetic mystery plays a vital role in increasing the power of expressing poetries as well as its beauty and that's why it has always been applied in contemporary Arabic poetry. Ali Jaafar Al-Allaq is one of the famous contemporary poets of sixth decade who surveys his era's society by realism view point. He is one of the poets whose poetries include pessimism which originates from breakups and destructions in his society. The present research studies "Babylonian songs". The results show that the poet criticizes and challenges the present situation by emphasizing his societies past conditions. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Alienation in Abu Isaac Albiri’s Poetry
Abbas Yadollahi Farsani Zeinab RezapoorAlienation and isolation is of the concepts which is of antiquity in literature, and has been emerged as the result of unorganized political, social and economic conditions in human societies. The present paper seeks to investigate alienation, its concept and reflection MoreAlienation and isolation is of the concepts which is of antiquity in literature, and has been emerged as the result of unorganized political, social and economic conditions in human societies. The present paper seeks to investigate alienation, its concept and reflections in Abu Isaac Albiri poetry. He was living in an environment that was replete with political and intellectual struggles and religious rigidities that paved the ground for the isolation in his poetry. In fact the religious and profligacy were two main factors. Thus riot against social values can be seen in his poetry. The most important reflections of alienation in in his poetry include religious, situational, social and mental alienation. Manuscript profile -
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43 - Organic unity and Applied review of ode Altomanyneh Mikhaeel Noaimeh
Zinah Erfatpoor Mohammad Khosravi ChitgarIn the modern era, under the influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken about Organic Unity in Arabic ode But many researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it mean MoreIn the modern era, under the influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken about Organic Unity in Arabic ode But many researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it means the ode become confined to an Personal experience or a feeling and while they study it in the poetry they are amaze between logical unity and the unity of subject .So this essay express the concept of Organic unity and the unity of subject and the logical unity at contemporary Arabic poetry critics and schools and then the Organic Unity of the ode Altomanyneh of Mikhaeel Noaimeh that the Just to see what elements are applied to the organic unity between the components of the ode until the Organic unity is achieved. Manuscript profile -
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44 - The Victory Vocabulary in Al – Asf Al – Makoul
Jahad yousef Ibrahim Al Arja Abdollah Yadollahi FarsaniThe present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and t MoreThe present article studies the vocabulary relating to victory in Palestinian contemporary poets poetry in Al – Asf Al – Makoul. The present paper attempts to compare the type and the structure of these vocabularies which contain the concept of victory and triumph in Quran and ancient poetries. In fact these lexicons divide into two parts: first the old words such as victory, triumph and so on and the other are the new ones which the Palestinian poet has apply them in order to depict the war and combat scenes such as missile, explosion, destroy and so on. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Call for Prophets Character and its Semantic Evolution in Palestine's Resistance Poetry
Mohammad Hassan AmraeiCall for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvi MoreCall for ancient characters phenomena is one of the most important phenomenon which has had notable influence profundity and extension rather than its appearance. The religious and sacred parts are the richest in the field of traditional resources in which Mahmoud Darvish could achieve all in the past and reach the present and future status. He expresses his constructive emotions in order to create ideal and dreamy future. The present paper studies the selective and called prophets and expresses symbolic and semantic reasons of these religious characters which have been introduced by Mahmoud Darvish. Manuscript profile -
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46 - Life & Death Dual in Al Jabouri's Poetries
Hossein ElyasiMuad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era. The present research – which is analytical &nda MoreMuad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era. The present research – which is analytical – descriptive – attempts to study the dominant thought of Muad Al Jabouri: death and life. The outcome of the study is that he enjoyed the natural mysteries about death in the form of Saddam's dictatorship government and occupier America on Arabic lives. The poet runs toward the living life by the flames of hope and optimism. Being in his poetry means death and martyr and martyr for hometown means heroic death from his view point. Manuscript profile -
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47 - A Research on Love and Motherland's Image in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour's Poetries
Sakineh Saremi Geravi Seyyed Hossein SeyyediRomanticism is an emotional reaction to wisdom and is a tendency to bold human's ego toward dreams, historical background as well as unknown lands. Freedom, naturism, emotion and excitement, historical and geographical travels are of the most important principles of thi MoreRomanticism is an emotional reaction to wisdom and is a tendency to bold human's ego toward dreams, historical background as well as unknown lands. Freedom, naturism, emotion and excitement, historical and geographical travels are of the most important principles of this school. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour are well known and capable Iraqi poets who both are pioneers in romanticism and homeland, love, nostalgia and homesickness are the obvious and apparent elements in their poetries. The mentioned elements express sadness and grief in their poetries and some assumptions are presented in this article: 1- Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour are civil romanticism followers. 2- Geographical travel and escaping the living town to reach the hometown is obvious in their works. The aim of the present paper is to recover the method of romanticism's basics and fundamentals as well as expressing the similarities and differences of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Salah Abdel Sabour's Poetries with analytical – descriptive method to prove the abovementioned assumptions. Manuscript profile -
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48 - Sea and Seashore's Motif in Mohammad Javad Al Jazayeri's Diwan
Nafiseh Haji Rajabi Hassan AbdollahiMotif means theme in literature or frequent subject, term, factor or motivation in literary works. Motif includes mysterious indications and hints in literary works which have close relationship with poet's thoughts, ideas and spirit. Motif has been appeared in various MoreMotif means theme in literature or frequent subject, term, factor or motivation in literary works. Motif includes mysterious indications and hints in literary works which have close relationship with poet's thoughts, ideas and spirit. Motif has been appeared in various forms such as concepts, terms and mysteries in Iraqi poet's works – Mohammad Javad Al Jazayeri. Two important mysterious motifs which are applicable to express philosophical issues and own semantic indications are "Sea" and "Seashore" motifs and related issues. The mentioned terms have been entered in his poetries widely in order to offer new ideas and indications. Sea possesses various associations and manifestations in Al Jazayeri's pictorial language which human's soul, this world and nature amongst all. Seashore also indicates general existence, this world, past and future and specific natural creatures. The present article intends to way of applying the abovementioned terms and their implications based on descriptive – analytical method according to poet's experiences. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Unity ideological resonance in the literature of resistance to the movement of Bahrain
Ali Bagher Taheri nia Farzaneh Mahmoodi Nasrin AbbasiIslamic consciousness is set of people-revolutionaries which has being started at late 2010 s, including rising and rebelling of Bahrainian on 14th Feb. 2011. But this rising is different from others because of Bahrain Media's trying as well as western governing's effor MoreIslamic consciousness is set of people-revolutionaries which has being started at late 2010 s, including rising and rebelling of Bahrainian on 14th Feb. 2011. But this rising is different from others because of Bahrain Media's trying as well as western governing's efforts about clannish so that it is adapted as Shiite cultism, belligerent antagonistic motion against Sunnite. The topic has been reflected clearly within resistant literature, as far revolutionary poets states ideological solitariness between Shiite and Sunnite Muslims. Along direction, in this study was analyzed total relation among Islamic resistance in general and acknowledge in special. Manuscript profile -
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50 - Hafez and Sayyid Qutb
Jahangir Amiri Mohammad Fareqi ShadIn addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with MoreIn addition to the religious works, poets Divan in which most are sonnets, has been remained by Seyyid Qutb – contemporary scholar and Quran researcher. He was familiar with Hafez poetries and according to the Arabic translation of his poetry, he fell in love with Hafez’s and started praising him. This made him tend toward mystical poetries and being affected by Hafez, his poetry and his poetry. He knows Hafez’s as spiritual factor for Arabic poetry which rescues the poems of today’s philosophical and logical storm. Love in Sayyid Qutb’s poems exists so deep which mortal loves are not counted. The present paper studies common poetic concepts of Hafez and Sayyid Qutb’s poetries. Manuscript profile -
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51 - Imam Ali (AS) and a Lesson from His Devotedness
Seyed Ebrahim Arman Rahele ArsanDevotedness and honesty of intentions are adornment of personality. The holy Religion of Islam has always encouraged human to wear this adornments as well as being ethical. The life of prophets and pious ones is full of attempts to be ethically upright an MoreDevotedness and honesty of intentions are adornment of personality. The holy Religion of Islam has always encouraged human to wear this adornments as well as being ethical. The life of prophets and pious ones is full of attempts to be ethically upright and to be away from ingloriousness. The present article studies one of the ethical characteristics of Imam Ali (AS) and exemplifies him as a symbol of good manners and a role model for behavior. The article is based on some of his behavior in one of the wars against infidels. The original story is recited in Mathanvi by Mowlana. In the story by Mowlana Ali (AS) is depicted as a courageous fighter with no wrath and selfishness. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Comparison of the prophet job’s mask between Mahmud Darvish and Badr Shaker Sayyab
firouz harirchi saeedeh birjandiAbstract This study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. One of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists MoreAbstract This study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. One of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists in the Quran. This character is a symbol of patience. Darvish and Sayyab are the most important poets who used the mask of this character. Each of them used this character to express a special experience. Darvish Who suffered from occupying his country and getting refugee, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. Also, Sayyab Who suffered from his illness and pain, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. However, their ways differ in how to apply this mask in poems of these two poets. Each of them has some traits of this character that are relevant to their own mental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Abdolrazagh Aladsani: A Contemporary Kuwaiti Author, Critic, and Artist
Seyed Ebrahim ArmanThe present paper is an attempt to study a contemporary author, critic and artist from Kuwait in the hope that it may lead to more thorough researches in the analysis of comparative studies of Iran and countries around Persian Gulf-whose cultural as well as economic int MoreThe present paper is an attempt to study a contemporary author, critic and artist from Kuwait in the hope that it may lead to more thorough researches in the analysis of comparative studies of Iran and countries around Persian Gulf-whose cultural as well as economic interactions has a long historical background- eventually culminating in praiseworthy works.This paper is a literary review of some masterpieces, the product of prolonged years of study of an author who is considered among Kuwait’s outstanding contemporary writers and whose works and critical perspectives have been echoed in the modern literature of the Arab world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Formation and progress of Articulate Poetry in Kuwait
Seyed Ebrahim ArmenThe process of poetry in Kuwait has always been progressive during the past centuries as well as the present century. This progression has raised remarkable questions such as is the good economical situation because of the foundation of petrol in this country and so on. MoreThe process of poetry in Kuwait has always been progressive during the past centuries as well as the present century. This progression has raised remarkable questions such as is the good economical situation because of the foundation of petrol in this country and so on. The last question is about the time of formation of rticulate Poetry in Kuwait. The poets of Kuwait do not care about the publication of their works; that’s why hey had not developed in writing style.The present article attempts to find the appropriate answers for the mentioned questions; it has divided the poets of Kuwait into three generations based on these answers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - -
Mohammad reza Haji Ismaieli Majid Khazaie Zahra Ghasem Nezhad -
Open Access Article
56 - The Invocation of Poetic Figures in Mahmoud Darwish’s Poetry
Ali Nazary Yunes ValyeeTradition has primary importance in Modern Arabic poetry, and invoking traditional elements is a remarkably invaluable poetic source. Tradition has many resources among which literary tradition is a rich storehouseon whichpoets deeply rely. Literary tradition contains m MoreTradition has primary importance in Modern Arabic poetry, and invoking traditional elements is a remarkably invaluable poetic source. Tradition has many resources among which literary tradition is a rich storehouseon whichpoets deeply rely. Literary tradition contains many elements among which poetic figures are probably the most influential and inspirational. This article attempts to study the poetic figures invoked by Mahmoud Darwish. Darwish invokes like-minded poets who have undergone similar experience.Among the poets invoked by Darwish, one can name Imru' al-Qais, Djamil bin Ma‘mar, al-Mutanabbi, Abu Firas, among many others. These figures are placedin two frameworks: in the first oneas minor characters,and in the second one as main characters in a certain ode. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Epic "Hell revolution" in Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi’s poem
Samad Soleymani Rahmatollah Heydari maneshSaga is considered of the oldest types of poetry at the ancient nations, and of the richest world literature. And as we know contemporary Arabic literature is of the richest and the most well-known in the art of epic Literature and many of contemporary writers MoreSaga is considered of the oldest types of poetry at the ancient nations, and of the richest world literature. And as we know contemporary Arabic literature is of the richest and the most well-known in the art of epic Literature and many of contemporary writers and poets were interested in epic poetry. Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi is considered one of the greatest epic poetry poets and among the most famous contemporary poets. The study of epic poetry, which is one of the finest, and richest, and oldest arts literature is of a great importance. As we study the epic poetry, we see the story of championships and legends in it. To study the epic in the Diwan of Jamil Sidqi Azzahawi is of a great importance. And the epic "hell revolution" is of the best poetic epics in contemporary Arabic literature. Because it is an epic dealing with literary issues, as well as historical, religious, political, ethical, and mythical issues in the community. And it puts in front of the reader and listener a mythical model, and a fictitious or realistic hero. And it’s the epic that hasn’t got any attention, and from this viewpoint this article deals with its study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - aThe methodology of Al Hindi the Ahl Al Bayt Poet
محسن سیفی سجاد خندانSeyyed Reza Mousavi Al Hindi is one the Iraqi contemporary poets who had done his job targeted and had created a beautiful image of sincerity. The present article studies his poetry in the field of Ahl Al Bayt from the linguistic aspect and also surveys the external and MoreSeyyed Reza Mousavi Al Hindi is one the Iraqi contemporary poets who had done his job targeted and had created a beautiful image of sincerity. The present article studies his poetry in the field of Ahl Al Bayt from the linguistic aspect and also surveys the external and internal music of them as well as the vocabulary. It has done the above mentioned results by tables and graphs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Quranic intertextuality in Fadva Toqan poetry
Sadeq Sayyahi Farhan Golmoqani zadehContemporary poets have allocated a great share in Quranic intertextuality to themselves. One of these poets is the Palestinian one called Fadavi Toqan who has used the Quranic concepts and vocabulary in order to express social and political problems as well as his own MoreContemporary poets have allocated a great share in Quranic intertextuality to themselves. One of these poets is the Palestinian one called Fadavi Toqan who has used the Quranic concepts and vocabulary in order to express social and political problems as well as his own pains and suffers. In the present article the poet has studied all three kinds of pun by bringing examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The state of Sharif Al-Razi among the poets of Eulogy
Mohammad Javad Esmaiel GHanami Ali SepahyarNo matter what the extent of effort and diligencr devoted, it seems almost impossible to duely appreciate the role and works of Sharif Al-Razi: In addition to specific and unique features of his time/age which flourished in science, knowledge, and enlightment, Al- MoreNo matter what the extent of effort and diligencr devoted, it seems almost impossible to duely appreciate the role and works of Sharif Al-Razi: In addition to specific and unique features of his time/age which flourished in science, knowledge, and enlightment, Al-Razi had his own distinguished poetic personality. Though this article we aim at fairly evaluating the genius and talent of Al-Razi over- shadowed by Al-Motanabi and susequently Abo-Al-A’la Alma’ri, and over- looked by his contemporaries. This study we claim is to acknowledge his state among the poets of eulogy. The research reveals his recognized rank if compared to his contempories or of other times. His eulogical backgrounds are different from those known and attributed to other poets, since it does not arise from an intention to earn a living, profit or the satisfactoin of an authority or king. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Duality manifestation in Abu Shabakeh poetry
Masoumeh Ne'mati Qazvini Raheleh Hassan Poor Maryam HashemiThe influence of social conditions on literature is an issue that many critics and scholars confirm and prove it; as duality is one of the manifestations of the influence of social conditions on the poet. It Means that whenever the ambitions and beliefs of poet opposes MoreThe influence of social conditions on literature is an issue that many critics and scholars confirm and prove it; as duality is one of the manifestations of the influence of social conditions on the poet. It Means that whenever the ambitions and beliefs of poet opposes the social facts, the duality will manifests in his poetry. The reality that the contemporary poets live in, imposes strong contradicts that influences their poetry. Abu Shabakeh (1903-1947) – the Lebanese contemporary poet – feels and understands numerous differences and contradicts between his utopia and society in the past and present; specially after the world war and the social and political events happened in Arabic countries. This caused many contradicts in his poetry. The present paper which has been done in analytic – descriptive method comes to this result that many dualities such as good and bad, past and present, optimism and pessimism, love and hate, hope and disappoint, light and dark can be seen in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
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62 - Modernity Manifestations in Amal Donqol's poetry
Hossein Elyasi Ali Akbar Moradian QobadiTitle is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the MoreTitle is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the poet text and the verses only proof the title. Following the traditions is one of the most important techniques that a poet applies it in his poetry and makes his poet more active. The present paper studies the applied techniques in Amal Donqol's poetries in order to clarify this strategy's role in the poets' text and in depicting the poet's feelings and emotions. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Irony in poems of Ahmad Al-Safi Al-Najafi
hamed sadeghi abdolkarim alboghiyeshAbstract Satire is one of the methods of expressing in literature that is used in two ways of direct and indirect. Among these two methods, the second one is used more by the poets and writers because it helps them escaping from being face to face with the governments MoreAbstract Satire is one of the methods of expressing in literature that is used in two ways of direct and indirect. Among these two methods, the second one is used more by the poets and writers because it helps them escaping from being face to face with the governments and their organizations. Concerning the Iraqi government and its cruel policies on those days, using first kind of satire was problematic and could result in that the poet or the writer was hanged or sent to jail for many years because of his piece of poem or writing. One of these poets is Ahmad Al-Safi Al-Najafi. He was one of the outstanding Iraqi satire poets who were not comfortable because of the Iraqi government. He had a hard life and had to emigrate from one country to another. He also spent some time in the jail, but all these couldn’t keep him from creating satire poems. He continued the satire poems to the end of his life, these poems had so many things to say. In this article, we first introduce the satire and its implication in literature, then we give a biography of this poet, and finally we study and look at the satire poems by this poet. Manuscript profile -
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64 - Tamim Al-Barghouti and His Famous Ode “In Al - Quds”
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi Bayazid TanedResistance literature is full of patriotism and liberalism. The resistance poet defends the aims of his hometown by his poetry weapon and applies his poem at his country’s political and social service. Thus the resistance poetry contains a strong epic and national MoreResistance literature is full of patriotism and liberalism. The resistance poet defends the aims of his hometown by his poetry weapon and applies his poem at his country’s political and social service. Thus the resistance poetry contains a strong epic and national spirit. This kind of literature calls people for defending their grand ideals. Tamim Al-Barghouti is a young Palestinian famous poet who applies his poetry and art at the service of Palestine problem. He has a famous ode calls “In Al - Quds” in which he depicts his countrymen pains well. The authors of the present article study the psychological and spiritual aspects of these poems in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - External sources of Jibran Khalil Jibran's view to death
Habib KeshavarzDeath is a natural phenomenon that has been talked by both ancient and modern literati. Contemporary literati have talked a lot about this and sometimes their opinions have been very different. Also, their view to death is deeper and more emotional than the past. Jibran MoreDeath is a natural phenomenon that has been talked by both ancient and modern literati. Contemporary literati have talked a lot about this and sometimes their opinions have been very different. Also, their view to death is deeper and more emotional than the past. Jibran Khalil Jibran is one of these literati who have spoken a lot about death in his poems and prose and his view of this phenomenon is different from the view of the ancestors. Jibran who is one of the most famous literati of the northern mahjar and one of the members of Al-Rabeta Al-Qalamiya. In his view, in addition to his personality traits and the death of his sister and mother, he was also influenced by Western literati and schools including Nietzsche, Edgar Allan Poe and William Blake, and the school of Romantic and Romantic literati. He loved death, which was one of the influences of the Romantic school. He felt homesick in this world and believed that death would eliminate this homelessness, save man, and heal him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Ethical Values in Aisha Taymur Poetry
Soudabeh MozaffariArabic contemporary literature endues literati – amongst women - to the literary society who wonder the world by their literary works; as they play a notable role in Arabic literature, culture and ethics development and growth. Aisha Taymur - Egyptian contem MoreArabic contemporary literature endues literati – amongst women - to the literary society who wonder the world by their literary works; as they play a notable role in Arabic literature, culture and ethics development and growth. Aisha Taymur - Egyptian contemporary poet lived in an era in which literature was obscene for women but she did not give up and tried her best to in the field of literature; she studied literature and presented in literary circles. She had different poetic motives but the most distinguished which attracted others was the ethical values. The aim of the present paper is to study those ethical values in Aisha Taymur poetries in analytical – descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Arabic Language & Literature's Manifestation in Amiri Firuzkuhi's Poetry
Masoumeh Bakhsh AlizadehAmiri Firuzkuhi is one of the Iranian contemporary poets who was born in Firuzkouh (1990 - 1984). He was completely affected by Arabic language; in a way that he has versed some odes in Arabic. This research studied the mentioned odes and calls the poet for the first ti MoreAmiri Firuzkuhi is one of the Iranian contemporary poets who was born in Firuzkouh (1990 - 1984). He was completely affected by Arabic language; in a way that he has versed some odes in Arabic. This research studied the mentioned odes and calls the poet for the first time "bilingual poet". It seems that Holy Quran was his first inspirational source which he was enjoyed terms and meanings both. His poetries contain Arabic combinations such as expressions, verbs, nouns and proverbs without any mistake and error. He also mentioned some Arabic poets and authors among his works and compares them with himself. The article – descriptive – analytical method – attempts to introduce the above-mentioned poet and his works as a new sample of Arabic's effect on Persian language. It can be claimed that memorizing Holy Quran is the most important factor in Amiri Firuzkuhi's Arabic learning and fluency. Manuscript profile -
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68 - Literary Criticism in the Abbasid Era
Mohammad Bagher AlhosseiniThe Abbasid Era has been the period of florescence of the Islamic culture and civilization. Literature was of great contention in this era.The present article studies the relationship between translation and literary criticism which resulted in changes in the basic theo MoreThe Abbasid Era has been the period of florescence of the Islamic culture and civilization. Literature was of great contention in this era.The present article studies the relationship between translation and literary criticism which resulted in changes in the basic theories of literary criticism by critics. Manuscript profile -
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69 - Social, Ethical and Wise Themes in the Poetry of Ahmad Shoghi
Mohammad Ali Abol HassaniAhmad Shoghi known as Amir Al-Shoara, is one of the most famous contemporary poets of Arabic literature. His poetry never served himself or his personal life but was all the time for the sake of others. He never ignored the poetic motives; on the contrary MoreAhmad Shoghi known as Amir Al-Shoara, is one of the most famous contemporary poets of Arabic literature. His poetry never served himself or his personal life but was all the time for the sake of others. He never ignored the poetic motives; on the contrary, he studied them very deeply, although he was not a poet with a worldwide reputation, Shoghi was one of the famous poets of East and one of the greatest founders of the movement that promoted Arabic poetry magnificently. The present article studies some of his poems with social, ethical and wise themes. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Immitation in ‘’Andelos”poem
Hassan Shavandi Ali KordiMany critics and researchers believe that Andelos poem is the continuation of Arabic poem in the East.This viewpoint comes from this matter that the East was the aspiration of the people in Andelos and they searched their ideal poem in Arabic East and con MoreMany critics and researchers believe that Andelos poem is the continuation of Arabic poem in the East.This viewpoint comes from this matter that the East was the aspiration of the people in Andelos and they searched their ideal poem in Arabic East and considered the eastern poem a model for the form and the contents of their poems. Therefore,poetical intentions in Andelos poem are the same poetical intentions in theEast, i.e.eulogy and elegy, lyric poem and glory, lyric poem and satire. As the contents of their poems were imitation of eastern concepts. Undoubtedly, the effect of atmosphere and the particular culture of Andelos was consciously or unconsciously felt in Andelos poem. Manuscript profile -
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71 - Critical Criteria in Seven Elements of Poetries (Comparative Analysis)
Mohammad Etemadi Rahim Ansari PourSince the expressed ideas in poetry creation and the image forms in reader's mind are not enough to rise up the poetry to the highest point, western critics consider seven features and facts for poetries which then entered Arabic critics; thus the artistic aspect could MoreSince the expressed ideas in poetry creation and the image forms in reader's mind are not enough to rise up the poetry to the highest point, western critics consider seven features and facts for poetries which then entered Arabic critics; thus the artistic aspect could be manifested in the best way. Obviously these features are different in each poem and poet's taste; while they are different from person to person or even from one society to another. The mentioned features stand beside seven elements which are language of poetry, artistic experience, poetic emotion, effort's level, complexity degree of poetry, music and form balance and the application of these features determine the goodness of a poem. The method of the present paper is analytical – descriptive. Manuscript profile -
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72 - The Methodology of Al – Behar and Darvish Odes by Khalil Havi
Seyyed Ismael Hosseini Ajdad Maghsoud Bakhshesh Shahram DelshadLiterary texts critics in the contemporary era have had an outstanding development. Schools and critical approaches have been created in this regard such as structuralism, deconstruction or the attitudes which pay attention to reader’s reading. These attitudes do MoreLiterary texts critics in the contemporary era have had an outstanding development. Schools and critical approaches have been created in this regard such as structuralism, deconstruction or the attitudes which pay attention to reader’s reading. These attitudes do not belong to new text but belongs to the ancient ones as well. One of these schools was structuralism which its consequent was methodology. Methodology which derives from structuralism studies the general structure of text in different layers such as vocal, syntax and eloquence. The present paper shows an analysis from “navigator and mendicant” by Khalil Havi based on methodology layers. The results show that all the layers interpretation has contradicts but the poet could bring a harmony in the ode. Manuscript profile -
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73 - Of Holy Quran The Influeance And Hadith narrated from the Prophet and Ahl' Al- Beit in Mortaza's Hosseinian elegies.
Mohammad Esmaiel Zadeh Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein. Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these More Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein. Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these touching elegies which he used to sing on the day of Ashura, he defended Shi'as basic thoughts and its ideals. He has grown under the care of his mother Fatemah, in religious and shiites family. He learned the holy Quran by heart at period of infancy and learned the religious sciences. We don't surprise that observe the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. In this paper, will be discussed the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. Manuscript profile -
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74 - Sadness and Grief in Ibrahim Naji’s Poetry
Bahman Hadiloo Ali Hossein Gholami AqajSadness is one of the common phenomena in many Arabic contemporary odes which is proportionate with modern civilization and today’s problems. Grief’s phenomenon is a general feature in Arabic poetry and is more remarkable in romantic poetry. Ibrahim Naji is MoreSadness is one of the common phenomena in many Arabic contemporary odes which is proportionate with modern civilization and today’s problems. Grief’s phenomenon is a general feature in Arabic poetry and is more remarkable in romantic poetry. Ibrahim Naji is pionner in this type of poetry amongst Egyptian poets who is more interested in glory; in a way that reader finds out sorrowful whispers which unwrap his thoughts and opinions by studying his works. The mentioned songs are more appear in the themes such as love, life, Egypt and death and etc. the present article attempts focus on the manifestation of sadness and grief and their reasons and also tries to point out the concept of sorrow in Arabic literature; the method id descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Reform in Al – Rassafi’s Poetry
علی نظری یونس ولیئی سیدمرتضی طباطباییThe social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-19 MoreThe social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-1945) was well – known in cultural and literary fields. His poetry is about social problems such as people’s poverty, ignorance and unawareness, superstition under the religion cover, lack of democracy especially for women. He was committed to political issues and biased about the Ottoman’s corruption and Britain’s occupation and tried to aware people against the Britain’s goals. He invited people to peace and calmness, brotherhood and cooperation and humanity. Manuscript profile -
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76 - The political analysis of Hosseini poetry by Emphasis on Hassen Al Senaid Poetry
Soqra Falahati Morteza Zare Hossein AshouriThe present article is an attempt to familiarize with Ashoura political poetry in the Iraq contemporary literature. The emphasis is on Hassen Al Senaid Poetry as one of the most important remonstrant poets in Iraq. The method of reading the revolutionary – politic MoreThe present article is an attempt to familiarize with Ashoura political poetry in the Iraq contemporary literature. The emphasis is on Hassen Al Senaid Poetry as one of the most important remonstrant poets in Iraq. The method of reading the revolutionary – political poetry which is related to the Iraqi poet is inductive – analytical. The results have shown that the most important aim of the poet was to encourage people to counterrevolution against Ba’athist regime and disclosure their crimes and offences. Invitation to counterrevolution is the most important goal of Hassen Al Senaid. Manuscript profile -
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77 - Nemesis in religious and literary texts
majid KhazaeiThe nemesis is of an antiquity among human society but its rules differ from the divine rules; because the human society has punished the convict without any special rule in past. In many cases there was not any relationship between the punishment and the crime. Th MoreThe nemesis is of an antiquity among human society but its rules differ from the divine rules; because the human society has punished the convict without any special rule in past. In many cases there was not any relationship between the punishment and the crime. The divine religions had enacted special rules in order to make a relation between the punishment and the crime. The main goal of nemesis is to inhibit people to commit a crime. Did the nemesis have any effect on Arabic poetry and is there any related word in Arabic poetry? The present article attempts to find an appropriate answer for the raised questions. Manuscript profile -
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78 - Code and poets of the Arab resistance (Boland al-Heidari, Abdul Aziz al-Maqaleh, Soleiman al-Issa, and Ezz al-Din al-Mihubi as example)
Nader Mohammadi Mojtaba Omranipour Jihad Faiz al-Islam Sadegh Fathi DehkordiAmong the most famous poets of the Arab resistance are Boland Al-Heidari from Iraq, Soleiman Al-Issa from Syria, Abdul Aziz Al-Maqaleh from Yemen, and Ezz al-Din al-Mihubi from Algeria. This article using a descriptive-analytical method studies cryptography in the Arab MoreAmong the most famous poets of the Arab resistance are Boland Al-Heidari from Iraq, Soleiman Al-Issa from Syria, Abdul Aziz Al-Maqaleh from Yemen, and Ezz al-Din al-Mihubi from Algeria. This article using a descriptive-analytical method studies cryptography in the Arab world and the reasons for its use in poetry by studying the poetry of these poets as an example. Code and decryption are among the practical capacities in the resistance literature, and with this capacity, national and internal sufferings can be expressed. Familiarity with Western literature, fear of suffocation, and oppressive practices such as imprisonment, assassination, and exile, as well as modernism and the deepening of meaning and the embodiment of feelings and concepts, and the audience's participation in discovering meaning, are among the reasons for using code in resistance literature. The code in the resistance literature in Arabic poetry is related to the occupation and the revolution against it, and among the concepts discussed in it are right and wrong, occupation and freedom, oppression and justice, revolution and resistance and intifada. Codes such as spiders and crows and ... to indicate the concept of occupation and occupier, the secrets of dragons and storms and ... to indicate oppression and tyranny and the secrets of rain and wind and ... to indicate the revolution and the codes of spring and green are used to indicate freedom. Manuscript profile -
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79 - The Symbol of Comber in Jawdat Al-Qazwini and Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani works
Majid Yaqoubi Mahmoud ShakibThe goal of the present paper is to express how the Arab contemporary poet - Jawdat Al-Qazwini - applied comber in his poetry as a symbol; his aim was to depict the painful conditions of prisons and lack of acuity of the society which the cause of all was the political MoreThe goal of the present paper is to express how the Arab contemporary poet - Jawdat Al-Qazwini - applied comber in his poetry as a symbol; his aim was to depict the painful conditions of prisons and lack of acuity of the society which the cause of all was the political and social disorder. On the other hand this article intends to describe the way Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani – Iranian poet – applied the comber in his poetries and the purpose is to reflect the social, political and symbolic characteristics of the comber. Manuscript profile -
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80 - Examination of structure in Hoboubi Najafi,s elegies
Nahede Fouzi Maryam Peykanpour Sad JaberianiThe fivefold elements of elegy which has come from classical Arabic criticism has special place in Hoboubi,s poem.Hoboubi, like his other contemporaries, insisted on using these elements and applied their rules and regulations on the basis of the former critic MoreThe fivefold elements of elegy which has come from classical Arabic criticism has special place in Hoboubi,s poem.Hoboubi, like his other contemporaries, insisted on using these elements and applied their rules and regulations on the basis of the former critics,s ideas in his poem well and nicely. He believed that the elements of the ancient poem are valuable heritage in literature which is remained from predecessors. And first, every poet must try to apply them nicely in his poem. Second, a poet must try to achieve the goal of creating new literal works out of traditional styles of poems. In this examination we see that Hoboubi has used special talent and genius in selecting anice opening verse and agreement of the contents of opening verse with the poems and its end. Manuscript profile -
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81 - Technical Structure of Complaint from Hafiz Ibrahim Point of View
Ali Pirani ShalEmotional complain is derived from the human being inner pains and grief. Hafiz Ibrahim poetry is full of cries and yells because of happiness loss in his life. He has experimented poverty and difficulty and heard the oppressed people complians and shared with them. A s MoreEmotional complain is derived from the human being inner pains and grief. Hafiz Ibrahim poetry is full of cries and yells because of happiness loss in his life. He has experimented poverty and difficulty and heard the oppressed people complians and shared with them. A strong relationship between his chosen vocabulary and his grief can be seen that the reader would understand the depth of his saddness. His language is simple and has used the simple past tense to express his memories. He also applies the Holy Quran, Haddith and humorous in order to express his sorrow. The complain’s effect also can be seen in his poetry rhyme and rhythm. The words and sentences repeatition helps him to transfer his grief to thev reader and aids to concentrate. Manuscript profile -
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82 - Manifestation of Hallaj's Mask in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati's Poetry
Foad Abdollah Zadeh Ali Asghar Habibi Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari Mojtaba BehrouziPoetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way MorePoetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way by applying different symbols of dream. This article – which is done in descriptive – analytic method – studies symbolization and its importance in al-Bayati's poetry in general as well as analyzing Hallaj symbol. He has applies this symbol in many different poetries such as "Hallaj's Torture". The common points in two characters caused forming mask technique in the best way. Manuscript profile -
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83 - A study and Analysis on Allusive Images Implications in Razouk Faraj Razzouk Poems
Maryam Rahmati Ashraf Mane' FarhoodRazouk Faraj Razzouk is one of the 20th century Iraqi poets who played special role in cooperation with Nazik al-Malaika and Badr Shakir al Sayyab in foundation of "Ekhwan Abqar" association. He had applied allusion technique in depicting most of his works in MoreRazouk Faraj Razzouk is one of the 20th century Iraqi poets who played special role in cooperation with Nazik al-Malaika and Badr Shakir al Sayyab in foundation of "Ekhwan Abqar" association. He had applied allusion technique in depicting most of his works in order to envoy his main message; thus he used different mythical, religious and historical mysteries derived from nature. The present article attempts to initially study poetic images as keys to enter the mystical issues in general in descriptive – analytical method and then analyzes mystical images of the abovementioned poet. The aim of the present paper is to introduce the literary and scientific character of Razouk Faraj Razzouk and studying his poetic mysteries and their beauties. He could create new approach in preparing poetic symbols and that's why he knows as a different poet amongst his contemporaries. Manuscript profile -
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84 - Charity (Zakat) of His Excellency Ali (puh) in The Committed Literature
Hossein ChoobinCharity (Zakat) has different meanings; one is the literal meaning and the other is the religious one. His Excellency Ali (peace be upon him) paid his Charity (Zakat) while praying when he hears a poor man's words asking for help; he donated his signet. Different poets MoreCharity (Zakat) has different meanings; one is the literal meaning and the other is the religious one. His Excellency Ali (peace be upon him) paid his Charity (Zakat) while praying when he hears a poor man's words asking for help; he donated his signet. Different poets have poems about this event. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - A Study on Ahmed Shayeb's Critical Views in Poetry
Morteza Barari Raeesi Hossein Taktabar FirouzjaiAncient and modern critics of Arabic poetries have had special attention to poetry and offered kinds of concept which are different from critic to critic. Amongst the contemporary critics, Ahmed Shayeb had had new point of view and posed various works. Thus the present MoreAncient and modern critics of Arabic poetries have had special attention to poetry and offered kinds of concept which are different from critic to critic. Amongst the contemporary critics, Ahmed Shayeb had had new point of view and posed various works. Thus the present paper tries to study his critical views of his book titled "Principles of literary criticism" by descriptive – analytical method. He believes that there should exist order among the words and phrases. In his view point lexicon is applied as a means of expressing the meaning and there is cohesion between them in a poetry. Emotion is the most important element of the poetry in his view point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - A Study on Persian and Arabic Contemporary Poetry
Seyyed Soleiman Sadat AshkevarTraditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth ce MoreTraditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth century and invited them to avoid old formats and to define literature and poetry in another way. Since then, Persian and Arabic literature experienced changes that the main parts followed the West and its literary works. Literary and critical populations such as Jamaal Diwan and Apollo in the Arabic East and Ghalam literary forum and Andolos in the west rose against traditionalists and their literary works as, in Iran, many poets like Bahar, Adibolmamalek and others invited to new themes and subsequently Nimā Yushij established a new era in poetry. Poem from the modernists’ point of view is derived from an independent character. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Mystical Motifs of Quds in Mahmoud Darvish poetry–Implicit and Statistical study
Kobra Roshanfekr Hamed Poor HeshmatiCities are known as the geographical territory exclusive to a scholar where indicates the strong relationship between him and the city in which his honor belongs. Cities in fact turned to be the scenes and stages in which imaginaries, concepts and remarkable mysteries a MoreCities are known as the geographical territory exclusive to a scholar where indicates the strong relationship between him and the city in which his honor belongs. Cities in fact turned to be the scenes and stages in which imaginaries, concepts and remarkable mysteries appear in Palestine poetries. But their motivic application has been manifested in Mahmoud Darvish poetry by his insist. An example is Quds which its motifs contain causes and motivational mysteries such as sainthood, Arabic civilization and ancient history of Quds. Thus the present research intends to study Quds's motifs in Mahmoud Darvish poetry briefly and in analytical – descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Holy Quran's Reflection and Quranic Characters in Palestinian Contemporary Poetry
Ashour Ghelich Paseh Masoud Bavan Poori Narges Lorestani Hadiseh MotevalliResistance poetry's method and frame is cultural and national which makes the poet enjoy the religious and the related issues in this kind of literature. One method to study the religious contexts is the intertextual study. Undoubtedly any Muslim literate who own a stro MoreResistance poetry's method and frame is cultural and national which makes the poet enjoy the religious and the related issues in this kind of literature. One method to study the religious contexts is the intertextual study. Undoubtedly any Muslim literate who own a strong religious relations, has been affected by religious books and has apply them. Intertextuality can be seen in these poets' works in different types. The present paper tries to study contemporary Palestinian poets' divans and express the way they have applied Holy Quran and their affects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Social Commitment in Nima Youshij and Muhammad al-Maghout’s Poetries
Maryam Yaghoubi Rahimeh ChoulanianMuhammad al-Maghout – Syrian poet and literary man – created prosy poetry and is one of the pioneers in contemporary Arabic poetry who played vital role in Arabic poetry’s development and revolution. He felt and understood the pain and suffer very soon MoreMuhammad al-Maghout – Syrian poet and literary man – created prosy poetry and is one of the pioneers in contemporary Arabic poetry who played vital role in Arabic poetry’s development and revolution. He felt and understood the pain and suffer very soon and witnessed Palestine’s occupation and chaos of the region’s countries. The hard situations made him disobedient and defiant. He is a social critic and his critical ideas are mostly about Arab world and their weak points against Israel. He called every one for unity and resistance. This article believes that social poetry and literature manifest humanity; liberalism and being against dictatorship are the most important factors of humanistic and social approach in Nima Youshij and Muhammad al-Maghout’s Poetrie. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Aesthetics of Calling Ancestral Characters in Ali Foudeh's Odes
Fatemeh Jamshidi Hossein KianiThe present article intends to study and analyze the ancestral characters in Ali Foudeh's – Palestinian contemporary poet – odes. Thus it considers the experience relationship of these characters with Ali Foudeh's spiritual, social and political experiences. MoreThe present article intends to study and analyze the ancestral characters in Ali Foudeh's – Palestinian contemporary poet – odes. Thus it considers the experience relationship of these characters with Ali Foudeh's spiritual, social and political experiences. According to the results of the research, Ali Foudeh has been affected by some ancestral characters or religious characters such as Moses and Bilal ibn Rabah, mythical characters such as Cleopatra and Sinbad and literary characters such as Saalik and Urwah and tried to call for them in his odes to not only express his effective political and social experiences but also adds to the effectiveness of his odes. The results have come in analytical method out of some literal, political, psychological and social sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - A study on scientific and literary life of Hodbat-ibn-khashram
ramezan rezaeiHodbat-ibn-khashram was from Ozreh tribe. Information about him and his poetry can be rarely found in sources. The only findings are about his arguments with his cousin Ziyadat. Ibn Khashram was the one who had started this struggle which caused him to ki MoreHodbat-ibn-khashram was from Ozreh tribe. Information about him and his poetry can be rarely found in sources. The only findings are about his arguments with his cousin Ziyadat. Ibn Khashram was the one who had started this struggle which caused him to kill Ziyadat. For this reason, their tribes fought each other as well and finally he was hanged. In their struggle, at first, Ziyadat cursed at Hodbat,s sister and he cursed at his sister too and at last, Ziyadat was killd by Hodbat and he was imprisoned. Hodbat was an eloquent poet and narrator as well. His poetic style is primitive and there is a little feebleness and contortion in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Symbolic Hallaj between al-Bayati and Iqbal Allahori
Majid Yaaghoobi Firooz HarirchiHallaj, facing different circumstances, is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government, he met his dark fate and condemned to death. The age in which Hallaj lived was the real renaissance in Islamic thought. Massignon r MoreHallaj, facing different circumstances, is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government, he met his dark fate and condemned to death. The age in which Hallaj lived was the real renaissance in Islamic thought. Massignon resembles this age with that of the fifteenth century in the West. But Hallaj was economically belonged to poor rank, and scientifically and intellectually belonged to a high rank. Hallage’s symbolic character played an important role in the modern poetry, and occupied an important space in the poem of contemporary poets like AL-Biati in Arabic literature and Iqbal Al-Lhoori in Persian literature. Since Hallaj is an Iranian character which occupied an international position, so many contemporary poets in both mentioned literatures- and in accordance with their literary ability- employed this symbolic character to express political and social events. So Al-Biati employed Hallaj as a symbol to express his suffering from being away from home and the tyranny of the government. Also Iqbal Al-Lahoori employed Hllaj,s symbolic character to express his feeling about cosmic creation, bad social conditions and his invitation to the youngs to take necessary steps to reach the real independence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Poetry Image application in Omar Abu Risha Poetries
Abbas YadollahiThe present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts MoreThe present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts and opinions such as Muslim nations' expectations especially Syrian people. The most important and common images are: repetition, opposition, dictation and exclamation. These poetry images were usually different from their main meanings and imply a second meaning. The conclusion of the present research is that such depictions added value to the poets' works in a way that his works are more distinguished than others'. Manuscript profile -
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94 - Why Arabic Literature lacks Epic poetry
Ali SaberiEpic poetry is a sort of ancient literature which exists in most of the world's literatures such as Roman, Greek, Indian and Iranian; but Arabic Literature has not used this type of literature. Major reasons for this are as follows: 1. Lack of nationalistic sense 2. MoreEpic poetry is a sort of ancient literature which exists in most of the world's literatures such as Roman, Greek, Indian and Iranian; but Arabic Literature has not used this type of literature. Major reasons for this are as follows: 1. Lack of nationalistic sense 2. Arabic poetry is mostly based on vocality 3. There haven't been real long term wars between Arabs 4. Arabic poetry has had mostly one type of rhyme and rhythm and thus has not been able to adapt itself with Epic poetry Manuscript profile -
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95 - The politic and social issues of Iraq in the poems of Adnan Al_Sayegh
Raheleh Mahmoodi Seyyed Mohammad reza Ebn o rasoolAdnan Al_Sayegh is one of the dominant poets of the war who is belong to 80 decade of Iraq. He spent a lot of his time in challenging with death in war time and because of this he is very averse of it. He has several collects of poems and most of the subjects of his poe MoreAdnan Al_Sayegh is one of the dominant poets of the war who is belong to 80 decade of Iraq. He spent a lot of his time in challenging with death in war time and because of this he is very averse of it. He has several collects of poems and most of the subjects of his poems are about political and social issues in Iraq. He is the most complete instance of current poem in Iraq. He writes free poem and some of his poems alternates between poem and free poem. The way of research in this one is descriptive-analyzing, because it survey the poems of Adnan Al_Sayegh and find the thoughts pearl from its poems sea, and after that it presents a politic and social analyze from it. Manuscript profile -
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96 - Aesthetics of color structure in Arabic poem from the point of purport variety
Leyla Ghasemi Haji Abadi Mahdi MomtahenThis article is an attempt to investigate the aesthetics of color themes in Arabic poetry. As a means of psychological description, color is one of the manifestations of realism in poetic images. In the application of colors some mythical and civilized structures are po MoreThis article is an attempt to investigate the aesthetics of color themes in Arabic poetry. As a means of psychological description, color is one of the manifestations of realism in poetic images. In the application of colors some mythical and civilized structures are portrayed in the culture of nations. Since languages have their own specific organizations of colors, the author aims to measure the degree the poets are influenced by different colors and what they symbolize at the arabic poetry. This article also aims to focus on the significance of the role of colors as one of the main aspects of aesthetics. Evidently, colors are of paramount importance in conveying the sense of beauty and consequently may influence the meaning of beauty in the formation of poetic images. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the reasons behind technical, religious, spiritual, social, symbolic and mythical aspects of the use of colors. Manuscript profile -
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97 - The Methodology of "Al Bahhar and Al Darvish" Ode by Khalil Havi
Seyyed Ismael Hosseini Ajdad Maghsoud Bakhshesh Shahram DelshadThe literary works criticism in the contemporary era has had a significant development. Thus the critical schools and approaches such as structuralism, deconstruction and etc. were founded. These approaches were not unique in the new texts but they have been gener MoreThe literary works criticism in the contemporary era has had a significant development. Thus the critical schools and approaches such as structuralism, deconstruction and etc. were founded. These approaches were not unique in the new texts but they have been generalized to the ancient texts as well. One of these important schools were structuralism followed by methodology. Methodology studies the general structure of a text in different layers such as vocal, lingual, syntactic and semantics. The present paper tries to present an analysis of Al Bahhar and Al Darvish Ode based on methodology layers. The findings show that all levels of interpretations are at the poet's service; thus the poet could create a balance and harmony in the ode which are completely interrelated. Manuscript profile -
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98 - Resistance Echo in "Bahrain's Wounds" by Ibn Al Bahrain
Farouq NematiIslamic awareness in the region demonstrates consciousness and emotions to nations' freedom and their readiness to combat injustice and impression undoubtedly. The present paper attempts to extract the resistance themes in "Bahrain's Wounds" by Bahraini poet MoreIslamic awareness in the region demonstrates consciousness and emotions to nations' freedom and their readiness to combat injustice and impression undoubtedly. The present paper attempts to extract the resistance themes in "Bahrain's Wounds" by Bahraini poet Ibn Al Bahrain by analytical – descriptive method. The outcomes express that suffocation and dictatorship in Bahrain are the most important factors to form the resistance concepts in his poetry. He also applied various methods such as mocking House of Khalifa, enjoying the rhetorical and oratorical patterns to stay in patience condition. The abovementioned poet also remarks and points out Islamic Republic of Iran's revolution and knows it as a blessed event which ended injustice and chaos in the world. Manuscript profile -
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99 - The Reflection of Wisdom in Dark Era and Contemporary Poetries
Rahimeh Choolanian Jafar AmouriWisdom is the spirit of experience, suffering and viewpoint to the society and existence which a scholar (literary man) put it in the speech frame in order to transfer a fact or reality by the aim of advice and guidance to future generations and its condition is its gen MoreWisdom is the spirit of experience, suffering and viewpoint to the society and existence which a scholar (literary man) put it in the speech frame in order to transfer a fact or reality by the aim of advice and guidance to future generations and its condition is its generality and liability. It should be applicable to any time and place. The present research studies the wisdom reflection on the poetry of dark and contemporary eras with descriptive – analytical method. The aim is informing the wisdom and expressing wise notes in dark and contemporary eras. Poetries of wisdom contains simple terms and avoids complexities and is the origin of great goals and far away from allusion and full of meanings. Manuscript profile -
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100 - The color's role and position in poetic images of Abdolvahab Bayati
Azam Shamsoddini Fard Tayyebeh SeyfiSince long time ago, mobile metaphor and simile are most important mean for poetic images creation. The present paper studies Bayati works according to the important role of the colors in poetic images creation in. we came to conclusion that the poet has used the colors MoreSince long time ago, mobile metaphor and simile are most important mean for poetic images creation. The present paper studies Bayati works according to the important role of the colors in poetic images creation in. we came to conclusion that the poet has used the colors in order to express his feelings, his unsatisfactory as well goals, aims and ideologies. The colors application or secret semantics in his poetry attract the audience attention. Manuscript profile -
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101 - A Study on Revolutionary Violence and Population Rush in Mohammad Mahdi Jawahiri's Poetry
Farzaneh Ismaeli Rahim Ansari Poor Sediqeh Sadat MeqdariThe present study tries to survey the revolutionary violence and public's rush in Mohammad Mahdi Jawahiri's poetry. Jawahiri entered Iraq in the political evolution era in the early twentieth revolution. Thus revolutionary violence refers to the outrageous nature in Jaw MoreThe present study tries to survey the revolutionary violence and public's rush in Mohammad Mahdi Jawahiri's poetry. Jawahiri entered Iraq in the political evolution era in the early twentieth revolution. Thus revolutionary violence refers to the outrageous nature in Jawahiri's personality which differentiate his character. Jawahiri's violence is not the violence with hatred and hostility but the time, place and conditions create the first violence; his violence is a natural reaction to the bitter and unpleasant fact. He mentioned and considered his people in all his odes and defends the in some way. Although he lived in a foreign country but he never forgot his country's people, pains and sufferings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Thinking about Death and its manifestation in Samih Ghasem works
Hamed Sedghi Rasool Zare'Death is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his MoreDeath is one of the main issues in Samih Ghasem works; because he paid special attention to it in his works. The present paper studies his ideologies about death as well as his motivations on expressing this issue. His aesthetic view strengthens resistance spirit in his hometown fellows and causes changing in their view point on death. This article has been done in descriptive – analytic method and focused on his poetry. At last we have found out that death has two aspects from his point of view: intuitive and calculated. Then studied this phenomenon from political, national and ethnic aspects and decoded the aesthetic view about death and expressing its realities. Manuscript profile -
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103 - The Reverberation of Eastern Mysticism and the Reverberation of Western Surrealism in the Poetry of Sohrab Sepehri
Mehrdad Aghaei Fazel Abbaszadeh Susan GhayebzadehModern poetry is considered as a remarkable source for the imaginary and hyperreality world or what is called surrealism. Surrealism, with all its doubts and confusions, has influenced literature in such a way that it has turned the East like the West like a devastating MoreModern poetry is considered as a remarkable source for the imaginary and hyperreality world or what is called surrealism. Surrealism, with all its doubts and confusions, has influenced literature in such a way that it has turned the East like the West like a devastating flood and influenced whole world. Sohrab Sepehri, an Iranian poet, painter, and naturalist, during his travels to the East and the West, as well as his acquaintance with Eastern mysticism and the schools of Western literature caused surrealistic inspirations appear in his poetry. This article while introducing the school of surrealism examines its features in Sepehri's poem "Sedaye Paye Ab". According to the evidence in this famous poem, it was concluded that Sepehri in his poetic style in " Sedaye Paye Ab" has influenced many surrealist principles and foundations and entered the realm of hyperrealities that even Westerners themselves have not acquired it. The purpose of this research is to draw the real world with hyperreality language and to reach the supreme truth through mental and spiritual affairs, using the school of surrealism in this work of the mentioned poet. Manuscript profile -
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104 - Mutual impact of The Holy Qur'an And The Glorios
Mehran Kordi MirThis research studies different aspects of the Islamic literature of Iran by studying the impact of the Holy Qur'an and prophet's glorious Hadith on the Persian literature and variations of these impacts on the Persian poetry and prose and delineates the deep effects of MoreThis research studies different aspects of the Islamic literature of Iran by studying the impact of the Holy Qur'an and prophet's glorious Hadith on the Persian literature and variations of these impacts on the Persian poetry and prose and delineates the deep effects of Islam on the belief of the Iranians, especially Iranian poets; through; evidence from Persian poetry and prose of Arab readers. Manuscript profile -
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105 - Conceptual Metaphor of Time and its Imaginable Schemes in Souad Sabah's Poetries(Case Study: Poet & Prose Just for You)
Ali Pirani Shaal Soqra Falahati Zohreh Naemi Fatemeh KhoramianThe present research studies conceptual metaphor of time in "Poet & Prose Just for You" Divan by Kuwaiti poet Souad Sabah emphasizing Lakoff and Johnson theory – who were initiators of this theory and the method is descriptive – analytical based on MoreThe present research studies conceptual metaphor of time in "Poet & Prose Just for You" Divan by Kuwaiti poet Souad Sabah emphasizing Lakoff and Johnson theory – who were initiators of this theory and the method is descriptive – analytical based on semantics; it also surveys imaginable schemes which contain conceptual structures and form according to various experiences. One of the most important results of this research is that the poet makes numerous parts of her poetry tangible by applying conceptive metaphor in the mentioned Divan in order to give us a better and clearer understanding of conceptive metaphor. It also studies the parts in which time is more paid attention by applying different schemes. Manuscript profile -
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106 - Nationalism in Muhammad Alfituri’s Poetry
Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi Parviz Lakzaeeyan FakoorMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering L MoreMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq wherein he calls upon nations to struggle for their freedom and to fight submission and slavery. Alfituriis a visionary who foresees the blessed occasion when amental restorationin the east would drive nations out of oblivion and misguidedness. Then nations would cry out loud the anthem of freedom and independence from all the pangs and anguish caused by a colonialism which has deprived them from their basic right in being alive and free. Self-sacrifice and martyrdom are the only path to freedom and glory. Alfituridenounces the failing submissive status quo inflicting the Arab world. Alfituri’s denial and rejection is not aimed at mere devastation, but he complains and yet demands a constructive approach to uproot the causes of underdevelopment and regression. All this springs from a compassionate concern for security, prosperity, and civilization. Alfituriemploys symbolism and irony in his nationalistic compositions to which he adds an aura of pain and pessimism in order to treat certain critical political causes. Manuscript profile -
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107 - Realism in Nizar Qabani’s Political Poems
Hussein Shamsabadi Mahdi Shahrokh Asghar Molavi NafchiNizar Qabani, a great modern Arab poet, is best known for his poetry on women and politics. However in his political poems there are some conspicuous realistic veins which reflect the special effects of geography, customs, religion, traditions, and though MoreNizar Qabani, a great modern Arab poet, is best known for his poetry on women and politics. However in his political poems there are some conspicuous realistic veins which reflect the special effects of geography, customs, religion, traditions, and thought across the Arab world on Realism as a literary school. The mission of Arabic literature is to reflect the realities of Arab societies, which are partly different from their western counterparts naturally due to their peculiar characteristics Manuscript profile -
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108 - A Pause with the Yemeni Present Writer, Abdelaziz AlMaqaleh, and Analysis of his Poetry
Mehdi Momtahen Seyyed Javad Hosseini NanizThe writer and professor Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh is considered one of the most contemporary writers of and outside Yemen and especially in the field of poetry and literary criticism and teaching university but he also has other literary works and intellectual and politic MoreThe writer and professor Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh is considered one of the most contemporary writers of and outside Yemen and especially in the field of poetry and literary criticism and teaching university but he also has other literary works and intellectual and political writings and has columns in newspapers and magazines in Yemen and other Arab countries. He also sang a verse of poetry in various purposes of the poetry, therefore, we find his divans, poetry collections, dealing with a variety of topics such as: praise and lamentation and the description and asceticism and mysticism, and the play and dram and the patriots and the prose poem and that to the purposes of poetry, we also note the influence of the Koran and the sciences, religion and the environment in which he lives on his poems where he used the allusion and the quotation best. On the other hand, the poet, Abdulaziz AlMaqaleh, was an epic self who worked hard in the passing of his poetry from lyrics to metaphysical poetry, a patriot who chooses a national patriotism by hiding the direct superficial meaning of this love and improving it, and from historic event to the deep dream through nostalgia for the past and its resurrection and he regarded it as a lost paradise like his lost childhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - A Study on Imageries in the Light of Committed Literature
Fereshteh Jamshidi Yahya Ma’roufImagery is one of the most expressive and applicable literary tools. Its function is to make abstract concepts more objective and understandable and always tries to attract reader’s attention by deconstruction in meaning and terms. Imagery is not only applicable a MoreImagery is one of the most expressive and applicable literary tools. Its function is to make abstract concepts more objective and understandable and always tries to attract reader’s attention by deconstruction in meaning and terms. Imagery is not only applicable and unique to classic poetry. Mahdi Jinah Al Kazemi is one of the one hundred poets who attempted to depict the great art of imagery which is wrapped by words. It is remarkable to state that in the analysis of the abovementioned odes, metaphor and simile are the most frequent parts of speech. The main subject of the article is to find out the hidden images in poet’s poetry and thoughts. Thus the present paper studies the types of poetries in which imagery manifests in by descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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110 - The Comparison of Social Consensus in the Contemporary Arab and Persian Poetry
maryam saed vaghefi elaheh razaghi parviz Lakzaeian FakoorAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquett MoreAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method. Manuscript profile -
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111 - The Iranian Kurd Eulogist Of Prophets And Bordeh Bosiri
Robabeh Ramezani Vasim MahdaviEulogizing Mohammad (PBUH), with the long history as we know it, has always been in the center of attention for poets since his birth. As we know, one of the most notable poems, categorized as religious poems, is that of Bordeh Bosiri which was written in 7th century an MoreEulogizing Mohammad (PBUH), with the long history as we know it, has always been in the center of attention for poets since his birth. As we know, one of the most notable poems, categorized as religious poems, is that of Bordeh Bosiri which was written in 7th century and revitalized the eulogy of the Prophet. Since then, following Bosiri’s style, many have portrayed their genuine affections on the paper using various language and interpretations, expressing their sincere love for Him, the Honorable. In present era, many a Kurd poets have entered into this realm. The present paper, through studying common themes and outstanding merits shared by Bordeh Bosiri and other Iranian Kurd eulogists of the Prophet intends to ruminate over such poems what is full of exquisite fragrance of the Prophet and what is a pretext for writers to study the poets’ heartfelt emotions and feelings. May it be well received by Him, the Honorable. Profound emotions, disregarding people in power, in accordance with their eulogies and nearness to God are among the most notable features among contemporary Iranian Kurd poets. Manuscript profile -
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112 - A Seletion of Ali Abdullah Khalifah’s Life and Literature
mehdi Momtahen Tayeb AbdaeeAli Abdullah khalifah is one of the most famous poets ofBahraini poets who is from the Romantic Party. He is skillful in both eloquent and folkloric poems known as Mawwals, and in this field three of his divans have come in; and the poet, himself, considers composingelo MoreAli Abdullah khalifah is one of the most famous poets ofBahraini poets who is from the Romantic Party. He is skillful in both eloquent and folkloric poems known as Mawwals, and in this field three of his divans have come in; and the poet, himself, considers composingeloquent and folkloric poems simultaneouslyas a gift thatfew peoplehave.In his eloquent poems, Ali Abdullah Khalifah has been highly affected by his surrounding and has composed his poems according to the place and time so that his first divan called " AninAssawari" is a visible scene and an obvious evidence of pearl hunters’ lives and their hardshipsof working that when reading, the reader envisions himself in the scene of their lives as if he has gone to the theatre and not having reada book; and his other divan," Ezaat lezakerat elwatan ", includes Bahraini political revolutions and draws popularuprisings.Ali Abdullah's poems arecombined from the symbol and reality and this combination is not free from myth. The simple symbols like  "shams(the sun, fajr(dawn),zalam (darkness), and boom(owl) have differentinterpretations and this symbolic variety has come from a valuable experiencefrom where he shows the national and human subjects in order to find solutions Manuscript profile -
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113 - Reflection of Rain in the Poetry of Imru’ al-Qais and Abid Ibn al-Abrass
Ali Moadeli Mahboobe Nohammadzadeh ShiraziRain is one of the manifestations of the divine blessing for servants which plays a very important role in the life of this human being. Man has paid special attention to rain since he stepped on earth. Many poets have described rain, used it in their sim MoreRain is one of the manifestations of the divine blessing for servants which plays a very important role in the life of this human being. Man has paid special attention to rain since he stepped on earth. Many poets have described rain, used it in their similes and composed poetry out of it. They have used rain as a symbol together with other symbols such as woman, praise, battleground and so many other beautiful symbols. The present article studies the reflection of rain in the books of Imru’ al-Qais and Abid ibn al-Abrass. Manuscript profile -
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114 - The Image of the Woman in Nizar Qabbani and Hossein Monzavi's Poetries
Zeineh Arfat Pour Ali MozaffariVarious poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is MoreVarious poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is famous for his poetries on "women" and is pioneer in this field in Arabic contemporary poetry. Monzavi – Iranian contemporary poet – who may be known as the poet of women as well because he also knows woman as the main subject in his poetries. It could be claimed that common issues in Qabbani and Monzavi are remarkable from form and concept view point. Thus this article intends to compare the image of the woman in these two poets' poetries in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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115 - Palestine in Javaheri's Poetry
Tahereh HeidariPalestine in one of the most important factors in literature and art's beauty. No poetries in Arabic poetry field could be found without a trace of Palestine as a holy place. Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri – an Iraqi poet – has been worked on this place from the ve MorePalestine in one of the most important factors in literature and art's beauty. No poetries in Arabic poetry field could be found without a trace of Palestine as a holy place. Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri – an Iraqi poet – has been worked on this place from the very beginning of his activity in the field of poetry. The present research studies and surveys Palestine and the quality of studying this place in Javaheri's poetries. He is one of the most important poems who paid special attention to Palestine and showed Zionists' tricks. This paper is done in descriptive – analytical method to analyze Jvaheri's poetries samples. It is remarkable to state that Javaheri has applied both religious and national aspects to motivate defending Palestine; he ignores Zionists and could create emotions in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Islam’s point of view on poetry
Mehdi Momtahen Abdol Ghader EkramiOld and modern orators have applied poetic formats to express their concerns in a beautiful manner since the music and rhythm of poetry makes the content more effective.The phenomenon of poetry is not exclusive to any special civilization but rather exists in all nation MoreOld and modern orators have applied poetic formats to express their concerns in a beautiful manner since the music and rhythm of poetry makes the content more effective.The phenomenon of poetry is not exclusive to any special civilization but rather exists in all nations.Bedouins have an innate interest in poetry due to the environment of the desert which is very imaginative.The present article studies the status of poetry after the emergence of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Echoes of resistance in the poetry of Ahmad Waeli
Seyed Yousef Nejatnejad Mojtaba Omranipour Amar Sorkheh Seyed Mostafa MousavinejadThe issue of Palestine and the resistance is one of the most important issues in the contemporary world, and many contemporary poets and writers have investigated it and in their works, have focused on Palestine and resistance and stability against the occupiers. These MoreThe issue of Palestine and the resistance is one of the most important issues in the contemporary world, and many contemporary poets and writers have investigated it and in their works, have focused on Palestine and resistance and stability against the occupiers. These works have attracted the attention of analysts, and their volume is such that few poets can be found who have not dealt with them. Many movies and TV series have investigated this issue and the effects and echoes of the resistance and its position in the contemporary period and issues such as the support and help of the Palestinian people by Muslims and their other supporters in the world for the liberation of this oppressed nation, occupiers and their condemnation of the brutal occupation, whose violence, aggression and oppression of the Palestinians and their land are increasing. Ahmed Waeli was a speaker, who never stopped encouraging the Palestinian people to resist, and non-surrender and retreat to the savage enemy of Zionism. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, we examine the characteristics of resistance that are manifested in his poetry, such as resilience against the occupiers and encouragement of fighters, and finally, we reach results such as the efforts of contemporary poets to resist and support the oppressed people of Palestine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - A Study of the Artistic and Social Aspects of the homeland in Bahreini Contemporary Poetry
Samad MomeniThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have mad MoreThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have made its intellectual aspect the basis of their experiment, so, we see their interest in the home and its humanitarian issues deeper and more and they put their main interest in women and the nature, and especially made it in the service of the homeland and human; And most of their Poets got active in the field of social, religious, political, and ethical reform and worked in education, we name among them Abdollah Zayed, the owner of first newspaper in Bahrain, and Abdorrahman Moaawedah, and Ghasem Ashsharghawi, and Sayyed Razdi Almoosawi, and Molla Atdyyah Aljamry, and Mobarak Khatder, ans Alshshaykh Mansoor Ashshahabi and many other ones, and it should be noted that we count the features of their poetry experiences, including: Declamatory Style, Facts Follow-up, Quick occasions and their educational and ethical aim. This article aims to a study of the artistic and social aspects of the homeland in the poetry of the poets whom we have named above. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Lively Nature in Abulghasem Ashsha’bi and Eghbal
leila ghasemi haji abadi zahra mohajer noyiAbstract A careful look at the greatest poets Ashsha’bi and Lahouri reveals that they are among the greatest eastern poets that focused on themselves and cheered their countrymen to know themselves; because it is the introduction to know God that leads to the fre MoreAbstract A careful look at the greatest poets Ashsha’bi and Lahouri reveals that they are among the greatest eastern poets that focused on themselves and cheered their countrymen to know themselves; because it is the introduction to know God that leads to the freedom from the colonization and all the idols; because if man knows himself and God, will come near God and the good world and he wouldn’t be afraid of anything in his life. This paper attempts to investigate symbols of life in Ashsha’bi and Lahouri’s poems. It also tries to investigate their life and culture; then to study the most important subjects that are used in their poems. The use of symbols in expression of life and nature is the most predominant symbol in their poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Contradiction in Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri’s Poetry
Hussein Shamsabadi Mehdi Momtahen Raheem AnsaripourThe Current study examines contradictions in Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri’s political poetry. Al-Jawahiri led most of his life amidst the turmoil caused by the political events and developments that Iraq has undergone through different periods beginning with the 192 MoreThe Current study examines contradictions in Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri’s political poetry. Al-Jawahiri led most of his life amidst the turmoil caused by the political events and developments that Iraq has undergone through different periods beginning with the 1920 Revolution led by religious leaders and ending with al-Ba‘th Party and Saddam Hussein. Al-Jawahiri has beencontradictory in his poems onal-Ba‘th Party, religious leaders, the contemporary Islamic movement, and the red communist tide which dominated Iraq in Abd al-Karim Qasim’s era. Al-Jawahiri has assumed such ironic and sarcastic stances toward events through his poems. An in-depth inspection of the true nature of his political positions demands an objective and historical study of his political poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The romance in poetry of sayyid Qutb
Reyhane Molazadeh"Sayyid Qutb" is known as one of the most obliged poets of contemporary Egypt. He played a pioneering role in Critics literature. His poetry is belongs to romance poetic school. His structural style with the clarity in meaning transparent phrases and smoothness."Sayyid Qutb" is known as one of the most obliged poets of contemporary Egypt. He played a pioneering role in Critics literature. His poetry is belongs to romance poetic school. His structural style with the clarity in meaning transparent phrases and smoothness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Household (p.f.t) in poem of ‘’Kashajam’’, Alsendi-ebne-Shahak,s grandson
Seyed Mohammad Razi Mostafaviniya Mohammad Abedin BayeganKashajam Mahmood-ebne-Hosein is one of the poets of second era in Abbasi age. At first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by Abi Elhija Hamdani .Then by his son Seif-ol-Dole Hamdani got attracted to Egypt during MoreKashajam Mahmood-ebne-Hosein is one of the poets of second era in Abbasi age. At first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by Abi Elhija Hamdani .Then by his son Seif-ol-Dole Hamdani got attracted to Egypt during his traveling. Several books are remained after him such as a book of poem in which eulogy and description attained perfection.Kashajam was Alseni-ebne Shahak,s grandson, the jailor of Haroon-o-Rashid, Abbasi caliph.The one who accepted to be the jailor and torturer of Imam Mousa-ebne-Jafar (p.f.h) and at the end martyred him by poison. Kashajam talks about his love toward The Household and their Shiite, supports them and mourns over their difficulties.This matter caused us to examine his aspect of his poem in this article and talk about the differences concerning political and religious favouritism among members of his family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Literary Analysis of Fables in Selected works of four Decades of Iran's Children Literature
Soheila Vaziri Mehr Mostafa Salari Behrouz RoumiyaniAnimals' stories or fables are one of the most effective and important methods which creates more eagerness and keenness in reader to follow the story events and result and transfer the ethical evil and good better; this is because of the dreamy aspect of this type of s MoreAnimals' stories or fables are one of the most effective and important methods which creates more eagerness and keenness in reader to follow the story events and result and transfer the ethical evil and good better; this is because of the dreamy aspect of this type of stories. Many books have been written in fables field and vast researches have been done as well but little attention to Iran's children works paid; most of researches in the field of fable are done on Iran's classic works such as Kalila and Dimna and some of Attar's works. The present article is written with the aim of finding the reaction of fable in selected works of four decades of Iran's children literature. To achieve this, initially exact meaning of fable is analyzed. The result of the research in four decades of Iran's children literature shows that fables are manifested in those decades in different forms either in poetries or in stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - signs of innovation in poetry,s "saati Mesri"
Zahra Mohajere noieMany poets of the nineteen century follow poetry discipline since the nineteen centry. was after of fatrat periud. Therefore innovative offering, the traditional thoughts and poetic in tentions in poetry appeared. Saati was one of poets of the nineteen century. in verse MoreMany poets of the nineteen century follow poetry discipline since the nineteen centry. was after of fatrat periud. Therefore innovative offering, the traditional thoughts and poetic in tentions in poetry appeared. Saati was one of poets of the nineteen century. in verse of poetry the imitaror and innovator were. and signs of innovation gradually appeared in poems. He stereotype purposes with fresh ideas that fits to needs of his society people was applied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Opposition Eloquence in Ahmad Matar's Political Poetries
Ali bagher Taherinia Hossein ElyasiThere is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to b MoreThere is a strong relationship between Ahmad Hasan Matar – Iraqi poet - and religious, social and political issues. His poetry expresses the dominant atmosphere on nations. He has enjoyed various Arabic eloquence techniques including rhetoric science in order to beautify the text. Opposition technique is the one in which something expresses and then any opposition of the subject would be expressed accordingly. The present article intends to study the opposition eloquence in Ahmad Matar's works in a way that initially describes opposition technique in theory and then tries to survey some of the existing opposition techniques in the abovementioned poet's political poetries. The results show that Ahmad Matar has applied opposition technique to express his political purposes and indicate the society's problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The image of the heroes of resistance in the ritual of Mozaffar al-Nawab's poems
Mehdi Shahrokh Abolhassan Amin MoghaddasiMozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not MoreMozaffar al-Nawab, an Iraqi contemporary left-wing Shiite poet, has never praised a king or a rich man in his poems, rather, the heroes summoned in his poems are mainly people and poor people who have been oppressed, or are martyred commanders for whom Mozaffar has not demanded worldly wealth, position or purpose, or even the intercession of the Hereafter. This article seeks to name the most important resilient personalities called in the poems of Mozaffar al-Nawab and to express the position of al-Nawab towards them. The results of this study show that most of these personalities have sacrificed their most important capital, i,e their lives, for the sake of their lofty goals, and have been martyred or killed by their own will. In the view of the Nawab, they are all extraordinary men who have a kind of unparalleled struggle and courage in defending the right and fighting the wrong. Al-Nawab has a trans-factional view to these characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Nader Nezam Tehrani, the contemporary poet An analysis of his poetries
Mohammad Razi Mostafavi Nia Hamid DadfarNader nezam Tehrani is one of the contemporary poets whose poetries have been recently published. His poems involve various subjects and concepts such as Quran and Hadith which can be seen implicitly in his works by the aid of allusions and adaptations. Humanism is anot MoreNader nezam Tehrani is one of the contemporary poets whose poetries have been recently published. His poems involve various subjects and concepts such as Quran and Hadith which can be seen implicitly in his works by the aid of allusions and adaptations. Humanism is another concept used in his works and has been utilized in his politic sonnets; the nature and the dreams are the main characteristics of his poetry and he has used attractive metaphors and similes in this regard. The present article tries to study on the effects of Quran, humanism and nature on his poetry after studying his biography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Ahle Beit Mourning in Lebanese Christian Contemporary Poetry
Seyyed Nezameddin Mortazavi Abdolreza AtashiThe present paper is looking for expressing one of the most important human's phenomenon: mourning; one of the types of the poetries which has a close relationship with humanistic, social and natural tendencies. The poets paid special attention to mourning since years a MoreThe present paper is looking for expressing one of the most important human's phenomenon: mourning; one of the types of the poetries which has a close relationship with humanistic, social and natural tendencies. The poets paid special attention to mourning since years ago as well as the contemporary era. The Lebanese contemporary poets also paid special attention to the majesty of this great family. This article attempts to study Ahle Beit Mourning in Lebanese Christian Contemporary Poetries and analyzes the literary techniques applied by those poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - A Study of Literary Theory in Al Divan Poetry
Ali pirani Shal Fatemeh AliyanDivan School played an important role in modernism and modernity which were comprehensive in the early twentieth century. By a brief look at the poetries and odes it is founded that the school was about to found a new plan which weren't different from the classic poetry MoreDivan School played an important role in modernism and modernity which were comprehensive in the early twentieth century. By a brief look at the poetries and odes it is founded that the school was about to found a new plan which weren't different from the classic poetry. One of the technical features is the simultaneous presence of English culture beside the Arabic. From their point of view the poetry is in the human nature and is inside his thoughts and manners in a way that it closes them to the romanticism poets. The main elements of this kind of poetry are emotion, thought, music and integrity; a routine attempt in content cohesion can be seen as well in a way that the attention to the structure has been lost. The criticism principles in their literary works is significant; it is remarkable to state that beside the similarities the noteworthy differences are outstanding in their approaches and views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Social and Humanistic values in the literature of Abbasid era
Esmaeil NaderiAbbasid era is one of the most precious ears among Islamic Literature ones. Taking no notice of the privileges of the aforementioned period, the critics have considered its abominations. Appraising this era’s literature with scrutiny, one would culminate that on t MoreAbbasid era is one of the most precious ears among Islamic Literature ones. Taking no notice of the privileges of the aforementioned period, the critics have considered its abominations. Appraising this era’s literature with scrutiny, one would culminate that on the contrary, there were lots of famous literati who have endeavored in favor of promulgation of social and human values such as Abotamam, Abol Aala Al Maari, Motenabbi and the prosaic realizations in the following literati such as Jahez, Badi Al Zaman Al hamedani.The underlying incentive for which we have sufficed to enumerating celebrities is to mention that they are meritorious representatives for other literati. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Literature of Darkness Era and Natural and Social Environment
Mehdi MomtahenPoets & poetry have always been affected by Social & Natural environment of their times since they have always been considered as a part of the environment in which they existed.Poets have been the speakers of their tribes and thus have had the status of the hea MorePoets & poetry have always been affected by Social & Natural environment of their times since they have always been considered as a part of the environment in which they existed.Poets have been the speakers of their tribes and thus have had the status of the head of the tribe during the darkness era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The “Powerful Constitutionalist” Government in the Ideology of Malek al-Sho’ra’ Bahar
Reza Afsordeh Hamed Ameri Golestani Lena Abdolkhani Hamed MohagheghniaIran’s chaotic and critical condition as a result of war and political instability after Persian Constitutionalism made the idea of “powerful government” conspicuous. Realizing critical conditions back then, many political and intellectual elites follo MoreIran’s chaotic and critical condition as a result of war and political instability after Persian Constitutionalism made the idea of “powerful government” conspicuous. Realizing critical conditions back then, many political and intellectual elites followed the above idea, and by “enlightened absolutism” paved the way for the establishment of Reza Khan government. Malek al-Sho’ara’ Bahar was among those who proposed the above idea for the first time. In this regard, the present study aims to explore this subject using Skinner’s Hermeneutic Intentionalism. The purpose of this study is the realization of Bahar’s ideology of powerful government and its distinction with other common ideas within the last years of Qajar dynasty in that Bahar did not want to admit “powerful government” without basic principles of constitutionalism such as freedom, justice, and a powerful parliament. This study seeks to answer the following research questions: What was Bahar’s “motivation” for his tendency to the idea of “powerful government”? With regard to Bahar’s main “intention”, that is “anti-authoritarianism”, what was the difference between his perception of “powerful government” and the perception of society? As for the first hypothesis, the most important “motivation” of Bahar for tendency to the idea of “powerful government” was to fulfill “the expediency” of the country. Besides, Bahar followed the idea of “powerful constitutionalist government” with regard to the principle of constitutionalism in his intended powerful state. Manuscript profile -
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133 - The image of Khorasan in the thought and poems of the prince of poets Bahar
Seyedeh Shabnam Lajevardi Zadeh Mohammad Hesaraki Mansooreh AhmadijafariIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has MoreIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has a great passion for Khorasan. Among the motives that have led to composing poetry about the land of Khorasan in Bahar poems, we can mention religious, cultural, political, historical and love for the homeland and homeland. The purpose of this study is to clarify the dimensions of spring thought and motivations in the context of Khorasan, as well as the frequency of mention of Khorasan in his poems. This article has analyzed the Divan Poems Divan based on format and themes by analytical-descriptive method and while emphasizing the frequency of Khorasan motif in selected poems, has reached the conclusion that Khorasan in his poem is sometimes homeland. Sometimes it is his father's house and sometimes it is the place where he grew up. Also, the reflection and influence of Khorasan in the thought and poems of Bahar is the main pillar of his poems. Manuscript profile -
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134 - Review and analysis of the crumbs in the poems of Malek al-ShoaraBahar
Nooshin Talebzadeh Saeed HessamporComplaining is a innate part of human nature; people complaining when being dissatisfied with something. Poets also complain about their problems, but in a supreme language than the public. Complain have existed in poems of the poets since time immemorial, but in contem MoreComplaining is a innate part of human nature; people complaining when being dissatisfied with something. Poets also complain about their problems, but in a supreme language than the public. Complain have existed in poems of the poets since time immemorial, but in contemporary poetry, due to the social and political changes of this period, and a new Nimaiicstyle is more tangiblefor the audience of this generation.In view of the sensitivity of the subject and the time at issue, this issue needs to be distinguished from other topics of contemporary poetry. This article examines the complaint issue, which is one of the varieties of lyric literature, in the poetry of contemporary poet Malek al-ShoaraBahar.Describing and explaining them presents a written document of the poet's time with a complaining language for todayreader.What you read is a selection of Bahar complaints that includes his complaints about the age; with political situation being the most frequent topic, and this reflects the poet's personality and political insight Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Science in the view point of Bahar and Hafez Ebrahim
zahra soleymaniBahar and Hafez ebrahim are two important poets in recent literature of iran and egipt. Their social and political participations was very importantin their histoty baise on this they called Malekl-al-shoara and the poet ofNile. In this study we try to know their view p MoreBahar and Hafez ebrahim are two important poets in recent literature of iran and egipt. Their social and political participations was very importantin their histoty baise on this they called Malekl-al-shoara and the poet ofNile. In this study we try to know their view point to their idial socity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Glory of Motherland in Elia Abu Madi and Malek-al-Šoʿarā Bahar’s Points of View (Comparative Study of Their Patriotic Poems)
Nozhat NoohiPatriotism demonstrates purity of wit, growing of insight and originality of a principled and honorable poet or author. In different periods of Arabic and Persian literature, patriotic motifs have always been reflected in both verse and prose works, which are called &ld MorePatriotism demonstrates purity of wit, growing of insight and originality of a principled and honorable poet or author. In different periods of Arabic and Persian literature, patriotic motifs have always been reflected in both verse and prose works, which are called “Vataniyat”. Remorse and mourning for the agony of home and homeland is an example of that. Today, patriotism is still an important characteristic of contemporary sociopolitical poetry. Ahmed Shawqi, Ilyās Farhāt, Elia Abu Madi in Arabic literature and Aref Qazvini, Mirzadeh Eshghi, Iraj Mirzā, Malek-al-Šoʿarā Bahar in Persian literature are among the most famous poets of the genre. This research, a comparative study of Bahar and Abu Madi’s patriotic poems, has led to new findings of common ideas, structures and forms in both Persian and Arabic literature, and as a conclusion emphasizes the close and inseparable relationship between the language and literature of both nations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Transformation of Christ myth in contemporary Arabic poetry (Based on the poetry of the Arab pioneer poets)
Masoomeh Mahdavi Sayyed Babak Farzaneh Leyla Ghasemi HajiabadiContemporary Arabic poetry is so intertwined with myths that the use of myth must be considered as one of its most important manifestations. This mythical approach increased the richness and capability of the contemporary Arabic poetry's portrayal and theatrical creatio MoreContemporary Arabic poetry is so intertwined with myths that the use of myth must be considered as one of its most important manifestations. This mythical approach increased the richness and capability of the contemporary Arabic poetry's portrayal and theatrical creation put new horizons before the poets. Contemporary Arab poets, in addition to use the main form of myth, in many cases, dealt with the interference various components of myths and their transformation, in order to adapt more myths to the problems of our time and their thoughts and intentions. This interference embraces all types of myths, including Greek, national, patriotic, and even religious. The present article, uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyse motives and methods of contemporary Arab poets in these transformations as well as their interferences in various elements related to Crist myth. Based on the results of the study, the transformation of the poets in Christ myth more often includes the gospel verses about this prophet. In addition, the function and fate of Christ, the myth of Lazarus and the myth of the Magi, are components of this transformed myth. The change in the nature and function of characters, the addition of elements to the myths essence, and the combinative reproduction of the are also of the main methods of this transformation. In addition, the transformation of the poets in Christ myth mainly origins in the socio-political incentives, such as their disappointment and disillusion from the occurrence of influential developments in chiotic socio-political conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Romantic and Parnassistic rhethoric bases of image in Arabic poetry
Majid Salehbek Muhammad Hadi Moradi Naser MisaghiToday there are various definitions of the 'image'. The most general concept of it as Day Lewis says: 'is a painting resulted from words or is an effort for linguistic show of experience as artistic form. Poet's success in artistic expression and creative application of MoreToday there are various definitions of the 'image'. The most general concept of it as Day Lewis says: 'is a painting resulted from words or is an effort for linguistic show of experience as artistic form. Poet's success in artistic expression and creative application of language is termed rhethoric. Accurate reflection of reality without interference of imagination can weaken or destroy rhethoric. So, literary schools insist on the necessity of taking into account image constituents and they formulated it according to certain philosophical principles. By such looking, it is obvious that the difference between the attitudes of literary schools depends on the difference between their related philosophical bases. The two schools of parnassism and romanticism are also have totally opposite views to the art of poetic constituents because of the difference between their interested philosophical bases. Thus, the present article seeks to study fundamental bases of image rhethoric from the view point of these two schools, and deal with the preparatory causes of this confrontation. Then seeks to explain manifestations of this contrast. The most important achievement of the article is that the most remarkable features reflect in the attention to or ignorance of the individuality, to serve the beuty as device or target, and the way of encounter with the nature. Manuscript profile -
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139 - The origins of the images in the poetry of Bidel-e- Dehlavi
Mansore Basirpoor Iraj MehrakiPoetic images had different manifestations in different literary periods. Poetic images in the poems are products of two basic factors: 1. Society and political, social and cultural conditions governed on it; 2. Poet's thoughts and mentality that play crucial role in cr MorePoetic images had different manifestations in different literary periods. Poetic images in the poems are products of two basic factors: 1. Society and political, social and cultural conditions governed on it; 2. Poet's thoughts and mentality that play crucial role in creating poetic images. Bidel's poetic images are the result of his imagination; he combines his sensory and mental experiences in such a way that the reader is not able to grasp a single and explicit meaning from them. The only device to understand his poems is the reader's knowledge. The present article, based on library resources, deals with the origins and nature of Bidel's poetic images. The results show that the origins of his images are intrinsically different from the images of Persian classical poets, because the origins of the classical poetry are tangible and understandable elements; whereas the origins of Bidel's poetic images are the result of his philosophical-mystical thoughts, uttered in a special language. This language is called 'the language of dream' that causes complexity and ambiguity, and consequently incertainty in the meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigation of the love concept in the poems of Jamil bin Muammar based on the Plato's Symposium
Reyhane Sardar Ali Ganjian Khenari Seyed Ebrahim DibajiPlato is one of the three great philosopher in classical Greece. The human being and his problems are the main concerns in his works. Then, the major efforts in his philosophical essays is paying attention to the human issues like ethics, justice, love etc. . . . Since MorePlato is one of the three great philosopher in classical Greece. The human being and his problems are the main concerns in his works. Then, the major efforts in his philosophical essays is paying attention to the human issues like ethics, justice, love etc. . . . Since past, Plato’s written works, due to their ethical and idealistic point of view, has drawn the attention of western and eastern philosophers and his ideas has been welcomed by Muslim philosophers and even Islamic mysticism has been influenced by Plato’s ideas. One of the concepts he has addressed is love. Plato has paid attention to the concept of love in three works called Phaedrus, the Republic, and in Special Way of Symposium. The Symposium is a narrative of the six Athenian’s dialect (including Socrates) about love that Plato is narrating. In the present study, we tried to investigate the concept of love in the Ozri love-seeker poet's book, Jamil bin Muammar, with an analytical and comparative approach based on the opinions expressed in Symposium and in a Particular Way according to Socrates opinions. In other words this study is a comparative investigation between viewpoint of Plato as a cultured philosopher and Jamil bin Muammar as a poet who has been lived in an Islamic society and has been purified by Islamic morality. Therefor, the study aims to discovering the common points and ideas in the Symposium and poems of Jamil. What has come out of this investigation is that some aspects of the opinions presented in Symposium, especially Socrates opinions are seen in the lyrics of Jamil Bin Muammar and his view of love. We see these aspects in the cores of the love’s interstitial nature of love, seeking half-lost (or alter ego), characteristic of immortality of love, and love and courage. Manuscript profile -
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141 - The Manifestations of Dystopia and its features in ‛Alī Kan‛ān’s poetry
Ayad Neissi Naser Zare Rasoul BalaviDystopia, corrupt city, or bitter reality literature is a result of prevailing social and political variables and events. The poet in dystopia depends on the community or the city, and the main factor for the emergence of dystopian elements in the poetic structure. Dyst MoreDystopia, corrupt city, or bitter reality literature is a result of prevailing social and political variables and events. The poet in dystopia depends on the community or the city, and the main factor for the emergence of dystopian elements in the poetic structure. Dystopia manifested itself in the poetic works of ‛Alī Kan‛ān in a remarkable way, and we also reveal the mental and spiritual dimensions of dystopia from various angles, by applying them to examples of ‛Alī Kan‛ān poetic texts, in order to reveal the connotations of this literary phenomenon. This article relies on his study of all kinds of dystopian literature in its poetic lines and then mentions its characteristics and influence in his poetic output, so that we look at the characteristics of this environment in which he lived, and that we arrive accurately at the writer's vision about the corrupt city. Based on this, the research seeks to identify the role of human, social, political, and economic events, which play an important role in obtaining the new meanings of ‛Alī Kan‛ān’s poetic texts and the diversity of their meanings in terms of dystopian literature, with an approach characterized by a descriptive, analytical and the library research method. In this research we concluded that the poet strived in his literary works to give us an honest picture of the corrupt city and its negative impact on society Manuscript profile -
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142 - The commitment problem in the critical and poetic discourses of the contemporary Arbic literature
Faramarz Mirzaee Abdolhosein Feghhi'commitment problem' is one of the most important problems for the contemporary literary critics and poets of Arab world. Surprisingly, literary researcher by deep study finds that the commitment has different senses for Arab literary critics and Arab poets. literary cr More'commitment problem' is one of the most important problems for the contemporary literary critics and poets of Arab world. Surprisingly, literary researcher by deep study finds that the commitment has different senses for Arab literary critics and Arab poets. literary critics see it as an obligation to social affairs, whereas Arab poets put it in the vital sphere of the freedom of speech. The study of this problem of criticism is important because it shows the difference between literary criticism and poem and that the contemporary literary critic tries to criticize poems in terms of his/her critical desires not in terms of the poetic demands and needs of the poet. Why such a deep difference emerged between critical discourse and poetic one in Arab world? This article by use of a descriptive and analytic method and by reference to critics and poets ideas tries to answer the question. The results of the research shows that the contemporary Arab critic who relies on the ideas of western critics and their literary schools, specially literary socialism, proposes principles to evaluate Arabic poems, instead of speculating specifically Arabic poems and exploitimg critical rules from them. Thus, from his/her view point poet must be committed to social problems, specially social justice, whereas the Arab poet who is influenced from Sartrian ontological thought believes that he/she must be committed to freedom of speech and nothing more. This difference in the interpretation of a critical and literary notion as 'commitment' is speculative and deserves study to be clear why literary criticism is imitative and is not derived from the poems of Arab world, and why Arab critic imposes thoughts outside the literary text on the Arabic poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry
sadegh Ebrahimi kavariIN the name of Allah,the beneficial,merciful An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professor of the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch Since prison poems compris a large bulk of Persian poetry, and MoreIN the name of Allah,the beneficial,merciful An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professor of the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch Since prison poems compris a large bulk of Persian poetry, and since they show technical developments Persian poetry has undergone,a thorough study of such poems is very important. Since there are numerous prison poems in contemporary Persian literature, this study restricts itself to analysis of of the structure and the style of such poems. In addition, this study focuses on the prison poems written at the our time.To do so,we have selected poems by Malek al Shoara Bahar who is a key figure in writing such poems. The main goal of this study is to analyze the feature of this genre with an emphasis on Bahar and the contemporary persian poetry. key words: prison poems,stylistics, Malek al shoara Bahar. Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professorof the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch-Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Structural Analysis of the Ode “Malhamat Al-somood” Written by Samir Al-omri
Abbas Yadollahi FarsaniStructuralism is one of the critical and linguistic methods which deal with analyzing literary texts in different levels including phonetics, tone, and semantic aspect of odes and poetic figures to achieve meaning and to seek their structural signs. In fact, structurali MoreStructuralism is one of the critical and linguistic methods which deal with analyzing literary texts in different levels including phonetics, tone, and semantic aspect of odes and poetic figures to achieve meaning and to seek their structural signs. In fact, structuralism is the poet’s method to build linguistic material. The present study deals with analysis of structural features in the ode “Malhamat Alsomood” in the poem of Samir Al-omri who is a resistance poet of Palestine. The study is firstly conducted through a structuralism method followed by applying an analitico-descriptive method with the aim to capture some samples of structural aspects from the mentioned ode as well as revealing the poet’s aim from their usage. While using these structural aspects, a poet attempts to increase the aesthetic features and effects of his ode Finally, the paper has reached to the conclusion that the poet has intended to express his suppressed emotions and feelings related to the subject matter of Palestine to picture the subject of Palestine as a general humanistic subject. Among the most important structural manifestations analyzed herein, we can refer to vocal and rhythm levels, combination and semantic levels and poetic forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Poetic language of Resāla ilā Saif bin zī yazan (a letter to Saif bin Zi Yazan) by Abdulaziz al – Maqāliḥ
Vahid Mirzaei Abdolali Aleboyeh LangerudiOne of the new terms of twentieth century was poetic language. Thus, the poetry is an interpretative language of the emotions and experiences of the life that the poet paints with the brush of his words. This can be done only by means of the interwoven words. Every poet MoreOne of the new terms of twentieth century was poetic language. Thus, the poetry is an interpretative language of the emotions and experiences of the life that the poet paints with the brush of his words. This can be done only by means of the interwoven words. Every poet has his own vocabulary that is the result of his culture and personal experiences by which he can expresses his emotions and thoughts that are behind beautiful pictures. This article, in a descriptive-analytical way, tries to examine in three levels the poetic language of Resāla ilā Saif bin zī yazan (a letter to Saif bin Zi Yazan). Its first part deals with the linguistic circle that recalls the age of the poet and relies heavily on the very frequent words. In the second part, poetic images of the poet that benefits from new techniques are examined. Then, the internal music that plays a fundamental role in the linguistic structure of the poetry which consists of repeating the letters, words and phrases is analyzed. It can be concluded that the Risala's vocabulary circle around the grief and sorrow and these words are the basis of his work, so that the whole of his Divan (collected poems) is full of the sad words and can be called qasida al-hozn (the Grief Ode). The emotions and feelings of the poet that reflected in the form of symbols, myths and poetic images in the first place show the grief of the Yemeni people and then reveal the regrettable conditions of the Arab lands. The dramatic and conversational style of the poem that occurs between the poet and hero of the Saif bin Ziyen divan enriched the poetic language. the tragic music of the poem that is the result of the repetition of long vowels, words and phrases gives it beauty and depth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Technical Usage of Poem in Fiction; A Case Study of 'Risāla al-ghofrān'
Mahin Hajizadeh Mohammad Taher Motahar Kaveh KhezriArabs had fictions from the antiquity that naturally emerged from daily events. While poems were a part of this reality, we can find clearly the old forms of news intertwined with poetry, so existence of the poems in Arab stories, added to their beauty. The interaction MoreArabs had fictions from the antiquity that naturally emerged from daily events. While poems were a part of this reality, we can find clearly the old forms of news intertwined with poetry, so existence of the poems in Arab stories, added to their beauty. The interaction between poetry and fiction led to additional results manifested in the pleasure of listening to the story and preserving the story's spirit. Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī, Among medieval Arab prose writers, showed his interest in this overlap between fiction and poetry in his Resalat al-Ghufrān (The Epistle of Forgiveness). In Resalat al-Ghufrān the message and the event most often completed through the interaction between fiction and poetry. Therefore, this paper, with a descriptive and analytical approach, seeks to clarify the most important goals of Abū al-ʿAlāʾ al-Maʿarrī in the use of poetry in Resalat al-Ghufrān by examining the interaction between the story and the poetry. The results show that al-Maʿarrī's application of poetry in the structure of stories had artistic motivations, and so the explicit appearance of his poetry in the structure of the stories serves its role in completing the events. This kind of explicitness of poetry is sometimes abundant and sometimes low or moderate. His poetry is sometimes devoid of the context and meaning of the story, so that its removal does not harm the meaning, but this kind of removable poems with no effect on the meaning are rare. Manuscript profile -
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147 - The Function of Narrative Plot in Formation of Organic Unity in Free Poetry: A Case Study of Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles
Aliasghar Ghahremani Moghbel Fereshteh Yadegari Hojjat Rasouli Amir FarhangniaThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most pr MoreThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most prominent issues raised after the emergence of free poetry of which the plot is the most important element. In this article, the authors examine the organic unity of narrative plot and its importance in forming organic cohesion and coherence of the constituents of poetry through the comparison between the pioneers of Arabic and Persian free poetry, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles, from a comparative view point and reliance on the American school. They are also examine how each of these poets uses these elements. The findings of the research show that Akhavan is more successful in applying narrative plot, including rising and falling action (gereh goshāei and gereh afkani), in formation process of organic unity, because his poetry is in a clear linear process that is materialized this by using rising and falling action as well as logical systematic sequences of thoughts in which the richness of the Persian heritage in fictional language has been effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Symptoms of narcissism in the poetry of Abu al-a'lā al-Maʽrrī (according to the psychological theory of Otto Kernberg)
Mohammad Hassan AmraeeRecent psychological studies define the phenomenon of narcissism as an excessive feeling of self-aggrandizement and self-esteem. This definition is provided by Otto Kernberg, a contemporary psychologist, is the basis for recognition narcissist personality. He introduces MoreRecent psychological studies define the phenomenon of narcissism as an excessive feeling of self-aggrandizement and self-esteem. This definition is provided by Otto Kernberg, a contemporary psychologist, is the basis for recognition narcissist personality. He introduces a clear definition of disturbed narcissist character in the light of eleven clear attributes, including inclination to show one's pride, strength and fame and preference of his/her parents and family over others and complaint of enviouses. Therefore, this article deals with narcissism according to Otto Kernberg psychological views and by use of a psychological method to disclose narcissism phenomenon and its consequences in the poems of Abu al-a'lā al-Maʽrrī, the famous Abbasid poet. We can observe the manifestations of narcissism in most of the poet's poetry, but his pride in his famous book entitled Saqṭ al-zand (The Tinder Spark), is almost a pure and sincere mirror that reflects the narcissism of the poet and its echoes. We tried to shed light on the most important reasons and factors of the emergence of this psychological phenomenon in the poet. Therefore, he can be considered a narcissistic figure, according to the psychological analyst Kernberg. One of the most important consequences of the narcissism phenomenon in the poet's character is that he is passionate about himself and his poetry and exaggerates his self-esteem and favored himself and his people over all the sons of his race. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Amalgamation of two different experiences: presence of dystopian in the romantic experience of Yassin Taha Hafez
Ati Abiat Abdoalhossin Feghi Hossein ElyasiYassin Taha Hafez belongs to a group of poets who mix in their poems the experience of romantic love and the experience of place in its covering dimension outside the romantic framework associated with different manners of love and desire or distance and separation. The MoreYassin Taha Hafez belongs to a group of poets who mix in their poems the experience of romantic love and the experience of place in its covering dimension outside the romantic framework associated with different manners of love and desire or distance and separation. The romantic experience in this genre of poetry is unique and has a new color, in that it narrates the story of love in corrupted city. The present article studies this new poetic dimension in the poems of Taha Hafiz Yasin by use of descriptive analytic method. The aim of the article is the study of amalgamation between the experience of romantic love and the experience of presence in corrupted city in the poems of Taha Hafiz Yasin. The results of the study show that the poems of Taha Hafez Yassin have two dimensions, i.e. they are connected to the place and the experience of romantic love that tells the story of Fatima, the poet's beloved. The poet in all his poetic works draws the corruption of his own city that is in contradiction with the serenity of love and purity, a corrupted environment in which the modern man cannot experience pure romantic love. The contradiction results from dominant negative circumstance on the city and existence of materialism in the city as well as overflow of inclination to the body and lust and destruction of dynamism in the modern city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Lukacs's realism in Harun Hashim Rashid's poetry
Sakineh Hosseini Mojtaba Emranipoor Feysal SayhiThe sociology of literature portraits the dual relationship between society and literary work as a social document. This science attracted the attention of George Lukac and his literary criticism was influential in the formation of the basis of literary sociology. His c MoreThe sociology of literature portraits the dual relationship between society and literary work as a social document. This science attracted the attention of George Lukac and his literary criticism was influential in the formation of the basis of literary sociology. His critical theory has three characteristics: true realism, critical realism and popularism. So, this research tries to criticize Harun Hashem's poetry based on Georg Lukács' theory of realism, which is rooted in Marxist dialectics. He seeks to bond his suffering with the reality of life. The results indicated that Rashid describes his mind through the reality and conveys whatever in his environment faithfully and criticizes the contradictions and social challenges of his homeland logically and consciously. In parts of his poems, he exposed and discussed the policies of the colonial governments and their supporters and the Arab rulers for interfering in the affairs of their people affairs and supporting Israel, and he considered them the main cause of these hardships. He showed the effect of these issues on the life of his people, the followers of his poems understand that adheres to issues that serve the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The Images of Iranian Characters in the Poetic Mirror of al-Buhturi (the Case Study of Āl Sahl)
Farshad Jabaruti Aliasghar Ghahramani Moghbel Abolfazl RezayiAccording to historical books, "’Āl Sahl" was an original Iranian family who played a prominent role in the first Abbasid government after the Barmakids. Fadl ibn Sahl, known as Dhu al-Ri'āsatayn (The man of two chairmanships), Hasan ibn Sahl, his brother and MoreAccording to historical books, "’Āl Sahl" was an original Iranian family who played a prominent role in the first Abbasid government after the Barmakids. Fadl ibn Sahl, known as Dhu al-Ri'āsatayn (The man of two chairmanships), Hasan ibn Sahl, his brother and wazir of al-Ma'mun), and Ibrahim bin Hasan, hajib (chamberlain) of al-Mutawakkil, were the most distinguished characters of this family. Al-Buhturi (d. 284 H.) despite of his Arab origin, praised this family, after familiarity with them, in several of his odes and confessed their merits, and of course received their generous gifts. Al-Buhturi mixed ’Āl Sahl praises with the names of Sassanid kings, which manifests the desire of this Arab poet to Iranian civilization and culture. The method of this research is comparative one relied on imageologic approach from French school. We can conclude that al-Buhturi, due to his abundant interests in ’Āl Sahl, reflects also in his poems numerous dimensions of the Iranian civilization and culture. He manifested clearly through 'Arab I' the transcendental characteristics of the human beings in the portrait of 'Iranian the other'. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - pictures of the cartoon sarcasm at Abu Dalama
Maryam Ranaeipour Enaiatollah Fatehi NezhadAbstractVisual images are of great value in poetic scenes. The cartoon image is a visual image that aims to criticize society by distorting the existing image of reality and exaggerating its defects in order to indirectly attack the reality that is unable to meet the ne MoreAbstractVisual images are of great value in poetic scenes. The cartoon image is a visual image that aims to criticize society by distorting the existing image of reality and exaggerating its defects in order to indirectly attack the reality that is unable to meet the needs and needs of society. Therefore, caricature is one of the most important means of expression and the most powerful means of influencing and penetrating the mind of the recipient. And since caricature images usually lined with bitter and bitter irony, the result of this intertwining mixture was a wonderful color in poetry called caricature irony. Caricature irony is an innovative artistic tapestry that combines seriousness and humor in an ingenious way, where seriousness and humor are mixed, removing the breaks between them, aiming to push people to hit the nail on the head of the truth by portraying and amplifying the distortions of life.And since Abu Dalamah, the famous Abbasid poet, is famous in forums with the sarcastic poet, this study, based on the descriptive-analytical approach in presenting and criticizing the material, aims to highlight the images of cartoon irony, through Abu Dalama's poems. Finally, the research concluded that the cartoon sarcasm is a peculiarity of Abu Dalama's poetry. This pattern, in his poetry, along with humor and circumstance, became a defensive mechanism that the poet exploited to confront the social oppositions in society, fight their defects and combat their negatives, but without crossing the red lines Manuscript profile -
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153 - A Study and Analysis of the Components of Humanism in the Poetry of Nima Yooshij
Ali MohammadiThe concept of social and human commitment in the modern sense has been introduced into contemporary Persian poetry through constitutional literature and the same concept is considered as one of the ways of distinguishing Nima Yooshij's poetry from classical Persian lit MoreThe concept of social and human commitment in the modern sense has been introduced into contemporary Persian poetry through constitutional literature and the same concept is considered as one of the ways of distinguishing Nima Yooshij's poetry from classical Persian literature. In a sense, Nima is literally a humanist and socialist poet and thinker. Because his poetry is seriously and comprehensively departing from the individuality and enters into social and human realm. There are several fundamental questions regarding this topic that form the basis of this article. 1. Is Nima a humanist and socialist poet? 2. What is the difference between Nima's poetry and classical poetry in content? 3. What are the components of humanism in Nima's poetry? In the present study, which will be done through descriptive-analytical method and content analysis of existing data, we will try to explain the components of humanism and its social role in Nima's poetry. Belief in humanism, rejection of authoritarianism, human agency in social destiny, humanistic view of nature and humanism in social and human symbolism are some of the components of humanism in Nima Yushige's poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Analyzing the Point of view in the Poetry of Reza Barahani and Farouk Gouida from Todorov's Perspective
Ismaeil Hoseini Ajdad Niaki Hamed PoorheshmatiPoint of view is one of the most important terms in contemporary narrative studies, because it is an attempt to reduce the narrator's control over the text and a method to show the narrator's perception and view of the target topics and relationship establishes with oth MorePoint of view is one of the most important terms in contemporary narrative studies, because it is an attempt to reduce the narrator's control over the text and a method to show the narrator's perception and view of the target topics and relationship establishes with other characters. Todorov pays attention to the cognitive and intellectual aspect of the point of view and uses it to control the characters' insight into various events or to inform the narrator's understanding of other characters. Reza Barahani and Farouk Gouida are modern poets in contemporary Persian and Arabic poetry who pay attention to the events of the narrative and the behavioral changes of its characters when faced with various issues, as they value the narrator's participation in the narrative, so that the narrator in their poems has the freedom of action and the power to move to any place and time, but often, instead of direct intervention, they summarize and analyze the events after their occurrence. Since Todorov's critical theory in examining the point of view has a significant impact on literary criticism, the present research has applied this significant impact in the poetry examples of two modernist Iranian and Arab poets in order to understand the narrator's basic views on challenging issues in the real and imaginative worlds of the two poets. This descriptive-analytical article intends to examine the point of view patterns of two poets from Todorov's viwpoint, according to the American school of literature. The results indicate the dynamics of the three main techniques that Todorov has considered in the classification of the point of view, including the "back view" technique, which is distinguished by the narrator's preoccupation with the deep expression of the subject in the " Gouida " poem, and on the contrary, the narrator in the Barahani poem is evasive of it. The technique of "simultaneous vision" in Barahani's poem is distinguished by the peaceful coexistence of the narrator with the character or his participation in his life's affairs, and in Gouida's poem, it is used in the context of the narrator's conflict with the character and questioning him about his actions and thoughts. In the "view from outside" technique of Barahani's poem, the narrator deliberately hides the truth, and in Gouida's poem, it shows her inability to discover the truth. Manuscript profile -
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155 - A Comparative Analysis of the Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Dramas: A Case Study of the play 'Death of Cleopatra'
Majid Saleh BekResearchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and MoreResearchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and large acceptable. They also believe that its early stages of formation carried out by Ahmed Shawqi, the Egyptian genius poet, whose knowledge of western literature, especially French literature, strengthened his motivation to benefit from this new literary genre. Fascinated in the French literature and especially dramatic literature, Ahmed Shawqi pursued the way of the great playwrights such as Pierre Corneille, Racine and Moliere in his works. He introduced dramatic stories, as a new literary genre into the Arabic language and turned to historical poems, a way that enhanced the status of historical poem dramas. In the present article "The Death of Cleopatra" is chosen among Shawqi's historical plays. This play was written in 1927 to defend a character that Ahmed Shawqi imagined the history distorted her face. In this play, he defends surprisingly Cleopatra, the queen of the pharaonic era, and portrays her as a patriot who is infatuated with her country, Egypt. In his opinion, Cleopatra was wrongly judged by western historians. They portrayed her as a reveler and capricious woman who does not care about the interests of her country. In his historical dramas, Ahmed Shawqi is not satisfied only with plotting the events of history; rather, his goal in representation historical events and characters is to use them symbolically in order to raise moral, social, political and even psychological issues. He presents an art that is structurally complete and possessed the features of the show. Therefore, it can be said that the historical poem dramas were created and flourished by this revivalist poet under the influence of the greats of this field, such as Racine, Pierre Corneille, Moliere, and Shakespeare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Investigating the effect of T. S. Eliot on the poetry of Yusuf al-Khal
Ali Najafi Ivaki Mina MohmmadiUndoubtedly, many contemporary Arab poets were influenced by Western literature, and the traces of world-renowned poets such as T. S. Eliot, left in that literature. Eliot's famous poem, The Waste Land, with its tragic aspect had great influences on the contemporary Ara MoreUndoubtedly, many contemporary Arab poets were influenced by Western literature, and the traces of world-renowned poets such as T. S. Eliot, left in that literature. Eliot's famous poem, The Waste Land, with its tragic aspect had great influences on the contemporary Arab poets, especially after the occupation of Palestine and in the time of the socio-cultural crisis of the Arabs, because they imagine that their land is the same as Eliot's the waste Land. They expect water to revive their life. It can be said that the unfortunate reality of the political and social conditions of the Arab countries has been the main reason for inspiring the mentioned poets from the devastated land. Meanwhile, the Syrian-Lebanese poet Youssef al-Khal is among those who have been influenced by Western literature, especially Eliot. He founded a magazine called 'Poetry' and caused a new development in the concept of poetry in the Arabic language, which undoubtedly influenced the literature of the West, especially Eliot himself. In the light of the importance of the issue and its pivotal role in understanding the poetry of Yusuf al-khal, in particular, and contemporary Arabic poetry, in general, the present study tries to reveal Eliot's influence on the thought, view and poetic form of Yusuf al-Khal through a descriptive-analytical method. One of the most important achievements of this research is that Yusuf al-Khal's concept of poetry is in line with Eliot's poetic concept in areas such as the application of historical or mythical induction, depicting the problems of a generation and a nation, Christian or Tamuzi approach. Manuscript profile -
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157 - The analysis of myth-making in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's poem
Moslem Khezeli Mina PirzadniaMyths as historical memory of human beings, embedded lots of cultural, social and ideological components of different nations. Since myths have an unbreakable bond with literature, they are suitable tools for poets to grant their poems a symbolic color and transfer thei MoreMyths as historical memory of human beings, embedded lots of cultural, social and ideological components of different nations. Since myths have an unbreakable bond with literature, they are suitable tools for poets to grant their poems a symbolic color and transfer their themes to the audience with secret and literary language. Fawziyya Abu Khalid is one of the innovative poets of Arabic literature who has much information about the history and mythological culture of other nations. She uses skillfully and various kinds of myths in her poems to create different and new literary style. This article tries to investigate the methods calling the myths based on an analytical-descriptive method in Fawziyya Abu Khalid's poem and show the amount of employing myths in her poem through statistical data. Based on the research findings, Abu Khalid uses three ways of repeating the narrative, changing the narrative, and recreating the myth for myth-making in her poem. She has taken a long step towards modernization and creation of her distinctive and specific poetic language by combining tradition and modernity to express her knowledge of Arab world issues, women's conditions, and concepts such as love, patriotism, and freedom with such a style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Aesthetics of Repetition in Yahya Samavi’s Divan, "Ghalilake…… La Khathirahonna"
Yahya Ma'aroof Noor Al-din Parvin In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the mos More In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the most important rhetorical figures has received special attention by contemporary Arab poets. Among these poets is Yahya Samavi, Iraqi poet living in Australia, whose divan entitled "Ghalilake ……… La Kathirahonna" has been composed about his wife and sufferings of his country which have been ever his real source of griefs, sorrows and memories. Using descriptive-analytical method, the present study aims to study aesthetics of repetition inYahya Samavi’s divan in terms of lexicon repetition (singular lexicons, lexicons related to nature, antonyms, and pronouns) and phrases repetition (repetition of independent sentences, of title of odes, of different styles,of interrogatives and vocatives). The results suggest that the poet has shown his own sorrow and sadness for living far from his homeland Iraq, using repetition which is the main structure of the divan. The results also show that there is complete propriety between repetition figure and meaning of verses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Poetic Representations in Madihe Nabavi by Attar Neishabouri
Abdolhamid AhmadiA poet's cast of mind manifests itself in his style as he perceives the world from a peculiar perspective. In fact, poets though they all follow some common features, investigate unique modes of writing. This leads into a sort of diversity especially by thos MoreA poet's cast of mind manifests itself in his style as he perceives the world from a peculiar perspective. In fact, poets though they all follow some common features, investigate unique modes of writing. This leads into a sort of diversity especially by those poets who share common features. Amongst these features one may refer to glorification of prophets which invites various styles and modes. The researcher in this paper attempts to analyze the poetic representations in Attar's Madihe Nabavi. Manuscript profile -
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160 - Analysis of Social and Political Function of Comic and Satiric Poetry in Mamluki Period
Jahangir Amiri Marzieh Mohammadi Farooqh Ne'matiComic poem is not dedicated only to Mamluki era because there is almost no ere which is free of this style. However, comic poetry found inexperienced popularity during the Mamluki era and it became one of its clear features. This kind of poetry came out of its tight fra MoreComic poem is not dedicated only to Mamluki era because there is almost no ere which is free of this style. However, comic poetry found inexperienced popularity during the Mamluki era and it became one of its clear features. This kind of poetry came out of its tight framework in the Mamluki era and entered real life stage and communicated with people's true life. Therefore, this poetry obtained popular color and tone and reflected painful lives of people. Among most important themes in comic poetry of the Mamluki era, these can be mentioned: rulers' tyranny, judges' corruption, moral decadence of society, people's poverty and need, stinginess of the rich and the like that dominated the society in Mamluki era. The present study aims to investigate comic poetry in the Mamluki era and analyzes social themes and motifs to clarify the role and position of comic poetry in reflecting events of the society. This paper is based on descriptive- analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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161 - Color Signification in Yahia Alsamawy ’s Poems
Marziyeh Abad Rasoul BalaviColor displays the aesthetic aspects of a work of art ,considered as one of its vital elements in artistic structure having a direct implications of the poet's artistic vision, and in most cases, refers to the poet's feelings, being a source of vitality and activity, co MoreColor displays the aesthetic aspects of a work of art ,considered as one of its vital elements in artistic structure having a direct implications of the poet's artistic vision, and in most cases, refers to the poet's feelings, being a source of vitality and activity, comfort and reliability, symbolic of the different feelings of sadness and joy. Due to its artistic, psychological, social, and symbolic implications, colors are deemed as the most beautiful phenomena of nature, art and poetry as well as a constituent elements of the poetic image. color should be studied in the context of the poem since the poetic texture determines their effectiveness. This paper is based on descriptive, and statistical analysis, the study of color and its implications in the poetry of Iraqi poet Yahia Alsamawy. The purpose of the census is to paint and show off their poetry. Alsamawy is amongst the greatest poets who has abundantly investigated the symbolic function of colors in his writings. The results of this study has shown that most frequently applied colors in his poems are respectively: green, white, black, red, yellow, and blue. Manuscript profile -
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162 - Investigating Imagology of America in Ahmad Matar's Poetry
khalil parvini seyed hosein hoseiniNowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the MoreNowadays as we live in the era of globalization and communication, governments and statesexert all their efforts in order to achieve political, economic, cultural etc., objectives, to improve their prestige and to represent a positive image of themselves to attract the others. This is one of the political tools that the colonial governments, particularly United States, which attempts to extent its universal occupation: in particular, through the cultural invasion in the third world countries. On the contrary, weaker nations react against this action and resist.Now, this political theorem has become a cultural phenomenon and has been represented vividly as one of the cultural elements resulting from interaction between community and its social duty and function. Regarding this, the present study deals with imagology to investigate the America image in the poems of Ahmed Matar, the contemporary Iraqi poet, which suffered from his country’s occupation by America? Also, he had been the observer and witness of all problems and crises caused by it and challenges, murder, and crimes carried out by this country in Iraq and in the Middle East. The results of study demonstrate that Ahmad Matar had a dual view on America's government and represents a troubled and anti-Americanism image of this country by citing several reasons including: colonial dealing and military occupation, humiliating the nations and plundering their wealth, supporting the Zionist, cultural invasion, imposing mercenary rulers on the people, conspiracy, betrayal and deceit, interference in the affairs of the countries and other crimes.However, poet's vision to American nation is dual and fluctuates from the positive to negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Ibne Farez "Soltan-Al-Asheghin and Characteristics of His Verse
Mohammad Ali Abol HassaniAbou Hafs Omar Ebn Ali known as Ebn Farez is one of the Poets that lived during 6th century. He got a great reputation in the field of poetry. Many great critics such as Ebn khalkan who is the author of Vafiyatolayan also praised him, and they accepted MoreAbou Hafs Omar Ebn Ali known as Ebn Farez is one of the Poets that lived during 6th century. He got a great reputation in the field of poetry. Many great critics such as Ebn khalkan who is the author of Vafiyatolayan also praised him, and they accepted him higher than his contemporary poets. In this article, we discuss some features of Soltan Alasheghin Ebn Farez. The main subject in poem of Ebn Farez is Ghazal. Other related main point (or subject) is khamriyeh, but his point of view in khamriyeh is different from Abunavas and others, and in this book he refers to the subject matter of the sufiyeh that is explained through Buteny's comment. Also his poem is excellent due to diversity of pun and rhetoric. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The Analysis of the Concept of Poetry from Rafeyi and Oghad’s Viewpoints
Hamed Sedghi Hamed Fashi Analysis of critical views to figure out poem’s meaning usually ignites critical disagreements and numerous discussions because, mostly, in any juncture by any poet and textual critic, a special definition is produced. On the&n More Analysis of critical views to figure out poem’s meaning usually ignites critical disagreements and numerous discussions because, mostly, in any juncture by any poet and textual critic, a special definition is produced. On the other hand, a poem is the heart of art with spiritual quality that this quality will link it to human spirit and so any artist, as a human, has his own spirit. So this would cause that anyone, depending on his spiritual manner gives a different definition than others over poem. The other dimension of this feature is poem’s multilateral aspect because human spirit isn’t a one- dimensional phenomenon. Therefore, whatever linked to spirit can’t be one dimensional and lately leads to complication and hardens the normative logical definition of poem. Thus many contemporaneous literary men try to give a definition based on their experience by contemplating on their own poetic observation. We have chosen two poets who are authoritative at criticism as well ,to give a deep, new and different definition of poetry. In this research we aim to practice by analyzing two Arab critics views concerning each poem's definition, context of poetry, with giving public sight about this artistic phenomenon, with a special analysis of critics' books with thematic analysis of Rafeyi and Oghad’s verse and prose literature, to make a new design for poem’s definition by pivoting their opinion, and judging their literary controversy in artistic dimension as far as we can. According to research, a poem is a phenomenon including innate, divine, sensible sentiment, efficient notion, musical words, in both critics' opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Analysis of Contemporary Critics’ Viewpoints Concerning Abounovas and his Khamriat
Sayyed Mohmmad Hosseini Yousef Hadipoor NehzomiAbounovas is of unique character who has always stimulates old and new critics to battle against each other as far as each person makes a character for him based on their understanding and special orientation instead of discovering his true character. To rec MoreAbounovas is of unique character who has always stimulates old and new critics to battle against each other as far as each person makes a character for him based on their understanding and special orientation instead of discovering his true character. To recognize his real character ,however, his biography must be reread and to have a correct and real conclusion we have to refer to reliable sources and to avoid psychological analyses that are understood based on appearance of his Khamriat (poems describing wine) since poetry of a poet is not necessarily his personal biography. The present study aims to criticize in detail views of contemporary critics because many of them have tried against all scientific, literary and historical standards to deem Abounovas’ Khamriat as his autobiography ,creating a strange character called Abounovas according to their interpretation of Khamriat, a character who is mostly impossible in reality, specifically a scholar such as Abounavas. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - A Critical Overview of Attar 's Biography and Poetic Style
Abdolhamid AhmadiFarid-o-din Attar Neishabouri is deemed amongst the most renowned men in the history of mysticism and Iranian literature. He devotes a faithful consideration to the permeation of mystical thoughts. Relying on divergent allegories and theosophical fable MoreFarid-o-din Attar Neishabouri is deemed amongst the most renowned men in the history of mysticism and Iranian literature. He devotes a faithful consideration to the permeation of mystical thoughts. Relying on divergent allegories and theosophical fables, he depicts the mystic's journey to achieve truth. However, among the masters of Persian poetry the life of no poet has been as obscure as that of Attar. Furthermore, there has been some irrelevant verse attributed to him, with which he has no concern. The present paper is an attempt to portray Attar's true personality through the investigation of his works and to trace the very essence of his mystic thoughts in his verse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The Mirror state Quality in Poetry
Abdol Hossein FarzadBy mistake, most of the poets, replace poetical happening by poetical narrative or report. Because they do not realize the distinction between the report and the interpretation in the poem, then their poems become rhetorical speech. In this research, we try MoreBy mistake, most of the poets, replace poetical happening by poetical narrative or report. Because they do not realize the distinction between the report and the interpretation in the poem, then their poems become rhetorical speech. In this research, we try to show that in the poem and in all kinds of art, the expression is the mirror kind state of poem which in this state artistic ambiguity and appreciation of poems are revealed. This is the state that we find in Hafez of Shiraz and Emrao Al Qais and Sufi poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Criticism and Study of theTwo Colors Red and Green in Poems of Nazik Al-Malaika
Ali Piranishal Zohre Naemi Khadije Hashemi The color is the most striking element in forming sensory images of old and contemporary poets. Poets have used colorful words to objectify poetic images and to discover and explain the relationship between poetic images. Indeed Nazik Al-Malaika use More The color is the most striking element in forming sensory images of old and contemporary poets. Poets have used colorful words to objectify poetic images and to discover and explain the relationship between poetic images. Indeed Nazik Al-Malaika uses different colors to interpret thoughts, emotions and feelings. Due to the importance and beauties of red and green in the poems of Nazik Al-Malaika, this article studies and criticizes these colors and their implications in his poems. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and statistically based. Colors represented her emotions, grieves and joys ;However in some delicate cases, she has taken advantage of non-genuine position of colors and converted one color to another one as an element of beauty and induction of political and social concepts.. The poet’s great attention to colors, different meanings, symbolic implications and their beauties show that she has had an intelligent look at the moments of life and the nature around her. She was impressed by events, social and political changes and the selection of red shows his interior desire toward effort and implies referents like love, liberty and modesty . The selection of green after red is a symbol of hope, life and desire and fulfillment of desires. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Child Lamentation in Poetry of Egyptian Poet Ibn-e- Nabata and Khaqani Sherwani
Abd-al- Qader Pariz Hamed KamaliMaskooniEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true des MoreEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true description of separation andpain for the loss of his children. So his elegy is sung with such a painful heart that is near to explode from great sadnessas if he is about to die. On the other hand Persian poet KhaqaniSherwani has told Elegy for death of hisdarlings and relatives. KhaqaniSherwani lost his son, Amir Rashid Al-Din and his death made him to compose elegy in his elegiesmost famous of whichbeing Taranom Al-Masaeb(The Songs of Sufferings). This study aims to compare the lamentation and its characteristicsinKhaqani and Ibn-e- Nabata’s poems based on American comparative literature school. In this regard, the below questions are discussed and responded: What is the view of two poets in their elegiacodes? Who is superior in this area? What are the similarand different aspects of their mournful poems? General result of this article shows that Khaqani surpasses his Arabic counterpart lamentation singing for his son since human feelings are depicted more fully in his composition than Ibn-e- Nabata's. In addition, he is innovative in this genre of poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Critical Views of Shafiee Kadkani the Contemporary Iranian Author
Kamal Baghjari Shafiee Kadkani the Iranian poet and writer discusses the Persian poetry’s periods in the last century. He divides these periods in to seven sections and begins with the poetry’s perspective before the Mashrooteh (parliamentary) revolution and More Shafiee Kadkani the Iranian poet and writer discusses the Persian poetry’s periods in the last century. He divides these periods in to seven sections and begins with the poetry’s perspective before the Mashrooteh (parliamentary) revolution and then after reviewing the 1953 coup, finishes the discussion with the Islamic revolution. In his instructive method he uses a combination of the literary history and criticism along with offering some samples from various epoch's poetry and at the final stage the author provides a chart of the Persian poetry in the recent 100 years. He speaks of the poetry leaders at each era plus the political, economical, social and other relevant backgrounds as well as their impacts on the currents and trends which have affected the present Persian poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Ironical Manifestations in Poetry of Ahmed Abdol Almo’ti Hijazi : Case Study: “Leman Naqanni” Ode
Roqayeh Rostampoor Maleki Ensieh Khazali Maryam QolamiIrony is a mysterious communicative language between writer and reader and among its beauties, brevity and oddity and duality of meaning can be referred to. So it is considered as one of the best means of interpretation in an indirect way to reform society. This article MoreIrony is a mysterious communicative language between writer and reader and among its beauties, brevity and oddity and duality of meaning can be referred to. So it is considered as one of the best means of interpretation in an indirect way to reform society. This article elaborates on irony in terms of language and terminology with emphasis on the most important available works in this area. Then it investigates elements of irony and its objectives. Finally ironical manifestations are pictured in “Leman Naqnni” ode by Ahmed Abdol Almo’ti Hijazi. This ode is like a drama in which irony relies on ambiguity and complexity. Sometimes it is described as simplicity and sometimes as negligence. In this poem the poet with hope of reforming society, applies various types of verbal, dramatic, and musical irony to describe the situation being dominant in Egypt in which cry for liberalism has been suppressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Types of Alienation in the poetry of Ali Fouda and his Reactions
Fatemeh Jamshidi Vesal Meymandi Fatemeh Qaderi Reza AfkhamiAqdaAlienation in the modern age is a significant phenomenon, that seeks political, social, ethical being is on human; thus, affected by such circumstances the literary nature, takes suspicious and loses its soothing effect; so in the present age alienation dominate p MoreAlienation in the modern age is a significant phenomenon, that seeks political, social, ethical being is on human; thus, affected by such circumstances the literary nature, takes suspicious and loses its soothing effect; so in the present age alienation dominate poet’s work. This article will identify and evaluate all types of alienation in the poetry of Ali Fouda (1946 - 1982 AD)the contemporary Palestinian poet.The final results investigating his poems werethe representation of different kinds of alienation including: social, political, ethical, psychological alienation, alienation from friends, time, location, literature and emotion.To overcome this feelings, various mechanisms, such as the use of terms indicating poverty and alienation, using the element of dialogue to resort to manifestations of nature, including animals and plants, addressing the mother to express her passion for the past and humility and softness in some cases, violence and harsh, in some cases.It is worth noting that these results were to examine Ali Fouda Divan and extracting samples of its poetry, based on the description. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Position of Holy Quran in IqbalLahoori's Persian Poems
Abdollah RasoulnejadIqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by c MoreIqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by clean revelation sources and having unbreakable bond with pure religious thoughts, he has left an everlasting literary work whose everlasting secret is not in their glamour of words and musical rhythmbut for being derived from his deepfaith in the meaning depth of words and their roles. Iqbal has founded a targeted poetical-philosophical school which considers poetry as an heir of prophecy whose mission is to reform human society.Presenting human grieves and lofty faithconcepts, Iqbal considers amendment of human being and guiding him to his true position in Allah's view as the main mission of poetry. Iqbal inspired by religious concepts and by decorating his poetry with sublime themes and notable Koranic figures, has acquired the celebrated position of the poet of Islam and Quran. In this research, using the descriptive-analytic method, while pointing to Iqbal's some intellectual-philosophical aspects of character and referring to eternality secret of histhoughts, it has been tried to study position of holy Quran in his Persian poems. Results show that Iqbal has dedicated himself to holy Quran willingly by his heart and intellect in order to be inspired by it in his works especially Persian poems. This research also demonstrates that Iqbal has not referred to Quran just for literary purposes such as using Koranic words and phrases in his poetry, but he tended to it as aninviting believer to derive his thoughts and values, far from Sufi interpretations, directly from it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Artistic Features of the Poetry of Ibin Nobatah
Hamed Sedghi Rahmatollah Haydari ManeshThe Egyptian poet, Ibin Nobatah is one of the most renowned poets of Mamluki era who, we may say, has complained about different issues in his poetry much more than his contemporary poets. In these complaining poems he has considered issues like life and death, separati MoreThe Egyptian poet, Ibin Nobatah is one of the most renowned poets of Mamluki era who, we may say, has complained about different issues in his poetry much more than his contemporary poets. In these complaining poems he has considered issues like life and death, separation and poverty, old age and common maladies in the world surrounding him. But the present article emphasizes the poet’s attention for the artistic features which have paved the way for him to express his complaints and express a better articulation for his private pains. The important features can be pointed as the poet’s use of words, compositions and styles and a combination of rhythmic diction compatible with his complaint and the depressing atmosphere surrounding him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Nazik al-Mal’ika and her Poetic Inventiveness
Hussain Shamsabadi Mahdi MomtahenThis article probes the career of the Iraqi poetess Nazik al-Mal’ika who earned a vital role in modern Arabic poetry from 1940’s through 1960’s. This lady entered a literary battle traditionally undertaken by men and actually did prove her creativity a MoreThis article probes the career of the Iraqi poetess Nazik al-Mal’ika who earned a vital role in modern Arabic poetry from 1940’s through 1960’s. This lady entered a literary battle traditionally undertaken by men and actually did prove her creativity and originality and secured for herself an unimpeachable status in the canon of Arabic literature. Nazik is the Iraqi representative of the romantic school of poetry that is based on creativity and not imitation. Nazik was responsible for an evolution in this school which had virtually reached Iraq late. Nazik was one of the pioneers of poetic transformation. Such transformation had already spread across many countries around the world. This fine poetess championed the propagation of originality, novelty, and criticism in Arabic poetry. Nazik experienced cultural and sexual discrimination in a conservative family and society dominated by male chauvinism which deprived women from self-expression. Nazik could not attend literary clubs and gatherings and in compliance to public opinion was inhibited like other women from integrating with men in social contexts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Technical Study of Mahmood Darvish's Poems
Hassan Majidi Fershte JannesariMahmood Darvish is one of the most famous poets of Palestine resistance, of those who lived in alienation and refuge, bearing the burden of hardships. The poems of this poet are the most honest experience and the most tangible picture of Palestinians combat; and i MoreMahmood Darvish is one of the most famous poets of Palestine resistance, of those who lived in alienation and refuge, bearing the burden of hardships. The poems of this poet are the most honest experience and the most tangible picture of Palestinians combat; and in spite of the Zionist regimes attempts to practice ethnic, life and civilization cleansing of the Palestinians, the exclamation of this poet still goes beyond other voices, making everybody hear his love of his usurped homeland. The voice that manifests his love and epic for Palestine through his elegies sounds as though it come out of a volcano, cooling down only by revenge. Yet, dealing with the problems of Palestine and resistance did not make him neglect other issues in Arabic poetry since he regarded himself trained by and a follower of old and new poets. In this study, references will be made to some important concepts of his resistance poems, and then samples of each will be discussed and technically like challenge, deprivation, expatriation and wandering, murder and assassination, prison, resistance and irreconcilability, love of homeland, love of homeland, hope for the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Repetition in Contemporary Poetry of Palestine: A Case Study of The Divan Alasf-ol- Maakul
Abbas Yadollahi Farsani Mahmood Shakib AnsariThis study investigates repetition and its various manifestations in the poetical collection of Al-Asaf Al-Makoul. The Palestinian poet has used this technique for stating pains and sufferings of the Palestinian due to occupation of their nation by the Zioniston the one MoreThis study investigates repetition and its various manifestations in the poetical collection of Al-Asaf Al-Makoul. The Palestinian poet has used this technique for stating pains and sufferings of the Palestinian due to occupation of their nation by the Zioniston the one hand and for adding a kind of rhythm and music to his poetry on the other hand. The present paper is an attempt to introduce various manifestations of repetition based on descriptive- analytical method such as repetition ofvoice,word, verb, pronoun, symbols and expressions and also it points to function of various aspects of repetition in sentence structure and their strengths in creation of new poetic structures. Pondering in this poetry collection, the reader finds out that topic of repetition has created strong connections between the poet and calamities of his land; accordingly, this expressive method displays a type of spiritual space so that it shows the spiritual pains and internal unsaid things that aim to strengthen desire of the reader. Finally, the study came to this conclusion that the Palestinian poet has applied the repetition technique as an effective tool for stating his own inner thoughts to influence the reader and he depicts crimes of Zionist Regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The Role of Islamic Education in Bahrain's Contemporary Poetry
Hassan ShavandiChanges which occurred during the recent years reveal the area's sense of Islamic awakening. Of course some do not accept the influence of Islamic learning in this awakening and recount other reasons. Undoubtedly Islamic awakening began with occupation of Palestin MoreChanges which occurred during the recent years reveal the area's sense of Islamic awakening. Of course some do not accept the influence of Islamic learning in this awakening and recount other reasons. Undoubtedly Islamic awakening began with occupation of Palestine in the region and continued with different ideologies some of which were west oriented and some national religious oriented ones. This sense of awakening is clearly reflected in Arabic literature as well as Bahrain's literature which is the subject of this paper. Special terminology indicates the effect of Islamic learning on the poet. For example, in Bahrain's literature one can observe terms such as Allah (God), Alnabi (prophet),Alkoran ( Holy Koran), Alrab (God), Almeraj(salvation), Alshahid(martyr)w which is a proof to this influence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Symbolism in Poetry of Palestinian Resistance (A Case Study of the Al-Asf Al-Ma’koul Whole Works)
Abbas YadollahiThis paper deals with analyzing symbolism and its various manifestations in contemporary poetry of Palestine. There is no doubt that resistance literature aims at revealing the oppressive face of enemy and unveiling its evil and animosity against oppressed nations. Ther MoreThis paper deals with analyzing symbolism and its various manifestations in contemporary poetry of Palestine. There is no doubt that resistance literature aims at revealing the oppressive face of enemy and unveiling its evil and animosity against oppressed nations. Therefore, this literature makes efforts to use all expressive tools and capabilities to describe the enemy’s conspiracies and frauds against different nations. The Palestinian poet has used the technique of symbolism as an effective tool for stating intellectual viewpoints and his suppressed emotions as well as depicting the atrocities and crimes of the Zionist Regime to the Palestine’s oppressed nation. This is why he has taken symbolism resources from history, religion, nature and literature. This study has reached to this conclusion that symbolism in this poetry collection has significant purposes among which we can refer to the influence on the audiences, persuading their emotions, and creating common understanding on the poetic topics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Critical- Analytical Study ofMarounAbboud's views about Abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqqad's poems
Jamal TalebiAbbas Mahmoud AL-Aqqad is considered as one of illustriouspersonalities of Arab world in contemporary era. He is said to be of great works in social, political, religious and literary areas and does not ignore to compose poem and has published about ten poetic divans. T MoreAbbas Mahmoud AL-Aqqad is considered as one of illustriouspersonalities of Arab world in contemporary era. He is said to be of great works in social, political, religious and literary areas and does not ignore to compose poem and has published about ten poetic divans. There are hot critical views about his poetry and the critics are divided into three groupspros and cons and moderate. Famous Lebanese critic,Maroon Abboud, is the toughest opponent of his poetry and heridicules and criticizes his poems in a harsh way. Studying the poetry of Abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqqad,it is clear that Abboud's views are far from scientific spirit and constructive criticism;they are in restraints of categoriesbeing dominant in criticism of Arab world in twentieth century. In studying the poetry Aqqad says “I do not compare him with Naji, Abushadi, Taha, Seirafi, Khafif, Bashar Fars,SalehJaudat,ZakiMobarak and anyone who has engaged in composing poetry in Egypt. All of them even ZakiMobarakare better than him.” Accordingly, it is necessary for us to study and criticize Abboud'sopinionsand thoughts fairly and impartially and to showreal face of Aqqad'spoetry especially in "al-Karwan gift", "vahyAl-Arba'aeen" and "AberSl-Sabil" distinguished in terms of innovation, subject orientation, unity and integration of the ode. The main finding of this study is that in many cases Abbouddoes notobservefair judgment and is influenced by personal and group interests althoughin some cases his criticism is fair and right. This is due to the fact that competition among critics in Arab world, particularly in Egypt and Lebanon in the twentieth century led the criticism towards bigotry and away from true scientific spirit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Koranic Intertextuality in Contemporary Poetry of Iraq
Ali Salimi Abdolsaheb TahmasbiThe Arab poetry has adorned different types of intertextuality which include: mythical, historical, and religious ones. Abundant use of this phenomenon, especially what is called koranic intertextuality, led to the review of this phenomenon. For this means & MoreThe Arab poetry has adorned different types of intertextuality which include: mythical, historical, and religious ones. Abundant use of this phenomenon, especially what is called koranic intertextuality, led to the review of this phenomenon. For this means one must identify the strengths and weaknesses imposing a framework for it. Considering the interaction of poet with the holy Koran intertextuality is divided in to several types such as : total and partial intertextuality , referential intertextuality and conceptual intertextuality. Some of these give abeautiful forms to the poetry and some are ugly and unacceptable, because they do not preserve dignity of Koran.It should be noted that the overall shape and detailed koranic intertextuality is more susceptible to error, while the conceptual and referential formsare less affected by slips. This research criticizes and studies koranic intertextuality in modern poetry of Iraq. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Analysis and Study of the Life of Abu-al-Faraj Isfahani, and His book Alghani
Hassan Dadkhah Mohammad Hassan ZadehAbu-al-Faraj Isfahani is deemed among the most outstanding thinkers of the third century, who has been also an authority in disciplines such as geneology.In this essay we have regarded his scholarly as well as literary biography and we have studied the ambiguities MoreAbu-al-Faraj Isfahani is deemed among the most outstanding thinkers of the third century, who has been also an authority in disciplines such as geneology.In this essay we have regarded his scholarly as well as literary biography and we have studied the ambiguities in his personality. Then we have deconstructed his book Alghani and have criticized some aspects of it. Apart from what the opponents and proponents have claimed concerning Isfahani's character, many scholars have confessed his literary and scientific rank, and Alghani is regarded as a literary and historical encyclopedia since inside the book ,one can find the biography of many of the Jaheli, Islamic ,and Abbasi era poets all of which can be viewed as a reliable source to the researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Resistance in the poetry of Iran and Algeria: Comparative Study of Moufdi Zakaria and Farokhi Yazdi
Eisa Motaghi-Zadeh Sayed Ismaiel hoseini-Ajdad Hamed Poor-HeshmatiLiterature has always been proportional to the taste of humanity and played a prominent role in revolutions and social movements to achieve independence and freedom during history. Resistance literature as a branch of literature, has made a roaring literature that there MoreLiterature has always been proportional to the taste of humanity and played a prominent role in revolutions and social movements to achieve independence and freedom during history. Resistance literature as a branch of literature, has made a roaring literature that there is no way of stop and hopelessness to it, and has defended societies by putting aside repressive force, it has acted like a deterrent weapon to provide eternal cultural background of attacked societies, and wants to provoke the flame of hope in the hearts of nations. An approach to study poetry from the perspective of resistance literature, helps to understand its quality. One of the effects of this literature is to arouse the nation's will against demands of oppressors who believe in suppress and oppress. Resistance literature is the only weapon which some poets such as Moufdi Zakaria and Farokhi Yazdi by using it; had done a pioneering effort in Iran and Algeria's resistance poetry. Therefore this research investigates a comparative study between two poets; Moufdi Zakaria and Farokhi Yazdi, by descriptive-analytic method, without considering the two types of revolutions in both countries and emphasize on American and Sulaf School in comparative literature. Result of the study indicates that both poets have a common general goals and different methods. Since the resistance in Farokhi Yazdi is an aggressive one, instead of blaming autarchy and colonization, he pays attention to quarrel and awareness of his own nation due to negligence and uninformed domination over them, while Moufdi Zakaria takes an encouraging method toward his own people in resistance procedure and prefers to be proud of them and narrate their valor and courage in order to increase the spirit of resistance in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Military Blockade Effect of Beirut on Application and Implication of Space and Place in Divan “Maryam Tati” by Sa'adi Yoosef
Hashem Mohammad Hashem maryam jalaeiOne of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its inc MoreOne of the most important beauties of Modern poetry, especially in the literature which was created in war and in blockade, is application of space and location technique and its different implications; because war is concerned with conquering location and its incidents will occur in the location and destruction of that location is one of its unlucky effects; Therefore, the present study is performed to analyze the effect of military blockade of Beirut by Israel on application and implication of location in “Maryam Tati” by the Iraqi poet, Sa'adiYoosef, by descriptive-analytic method; because the blockade has had a considerable effect on routine daily life of the Lebanese people, its effects have been reflected on the literary works of Lebanese and non-Lebanese scholars, such as Sa'adi Youssef who was compelled by wardisasters to illustrate the most detailed issues of Lebanese lives. The question which should be answered is: what is the effect of military blockade of Beirut on application and implication of place on ‘Maryam Tati”? The most important results were that open locations (e.g. city, village and district) are to illustrate the material destruction of Beirut during the war and close locations (home and room), which were used more than open ones, implicate spiritual status of people of Beirut and the reason for this application and implication is the engineering and architectural criteria of the closed locations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Sound Rhythm in the Ode "Balqis" by Nizar Qibbani
Jamal TalebiModern ode depends on two fundamental factors, rhythm and meter in shaping its musical structure. Sound rhythm is a verbal tool with which the poets express their feelings and emotions and transfer it to the reader. Nizar Qibbani, contemporary Syrian poet has used this MoreModern ode depends on two fundamental factors, rhythm and meter in shaping its musical structure. Sound rhythm is a verbal tool with which the poets express their feelings and emotions and transfer it to the reader. Nizar Qibbani, contemporary Syrian poet has used this expressive method in his odes especially the famous ode "Balqis". He composed this ode in memory of his wife Balqis Ravi who was killed in bomb explosion of Iraq embassy in Beirut. The rhythms created by order of words are observed abundantly in this ode. The present paper has investigated metrical devices in the ode through a descriptive- analytical approach. The most important conclusion of this discussion is that Nizar Qibbani has been able to change phonetic level of words. He not only considered external rhyme of the ode but also had special attention to rhythm caused by rhymes density, rhythmic words, words repetition and order caused by words arrangement. The above mentioned elements altogether have given dramatic musical quality to the ode. The poet has been able to offer pleasant and calming rhythm to this ode through rhyme diversity and other sound elements and so monotony has been diverted and this feature has been appeared in such odes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Defamiliarization in the structures of BoshraBostani’spoetry; A Case study (of Synesthesia)
Ali Baqer Taherinia Hossein ElyasiSynesthesiais not solelygetting out of the standard and conventionallanguage, but the poet tries to get out of the standard language and break down the standard connectionbetweendifferentsenses in order to create an impressive and effective language.Synesthesia leads to MoreSynesthesiais not solelygetting out of the standard and conventionallanguage, but the poet tries to get out of the standard language and break down the standard connectionbetweendifferentsenses in order to create an impressive and effective language.Synesthesia leads to dynamism of poetic images and itenhances the conductivityof metaphor. It isconsidered as one of the most important basics of poetryornamentations. Ornamentation of expression isachievedwhwnexistdifferent indexes. Synesthesiais one of those indexes whichornamentspoetic expression. And apoemwiththisrichness of expression descends on souls of readers. This studyfocuses on importance of synesthesia in BoshraBostani’spoetry, and itstudies the role of synesthesia on the conductivity of poetic expression. This studyisbased on descriptive- analyticalmethod and appliessemioticsmethod in order to analyse evidences in twofields of sense and sign. Poetic conversation of BoshraBostaniis not a conversation of storytelling and conductivity of expression texture, but itis a conversation that breaks down the standard language in order to createpoeticornamentation and to increaseconductivity of meanings and finally to createwonders. Synesthesia in BoshraBostani’spoetryisconsidered as a languagetoolwhichissimplyapplied to create objectification. It alsohelps to show the patriarchal society and alsocreatehope to freedom and othermeanings. Results of thisstudy shows thatsynesthesiawasused more in visual- olfactoryaspects and also in abstract and olfactory aspects and the poetdid not use synesthesia in taste- tactile and olfactory- abstract aspects. Synesthesiaisapplied by breaking down standards of adjective and name, verb and subject, determinatum and determinant and in between, synesthesia in determinatumand determinantformsis more abundant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Elegy in Sharif Razi’s Poetry
Mohamed Ibrahim Khalifa Shooshtari Mohammad Hassan AmrayySharif Razi has composed different poems on various subjects ,and he was very good at all different poems , and could be distinguished with his authentic eloquence and his remarkable and inimitable ability to be highlighte MoreSharif Razi has composed different poems on various subjects ,and he was very good at all different poems , and could be distinguished with his authentic eloquence and his remarkable and inimitable ability to be highlighted among poets, in particular in elegy and crying on family, relatives, and describing the tribulation of time, and his odes in elegy appeared in passionate feelings and ebullient emotions . It is noteworthy to say that his odes in lamentation for Hussein is a full poetic example for poets who came after him and followed him in their tragedy for Hussein, And they imitated him in their tragedy for Hussein, and they had memorized his poems and had kept it . These few short elegies made Sharif Razi famous and led him to be a pioneer among his contemporaries. This paper is an attempt to examine his elegies as a proof of his unique talent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The Portrait of the Female Beloved in Moalaghate Haftganeh
Hamed Sedghi Yasin VeysiAs far as "Jaheli " poetry is concerned the main theme is woman the evidence for which is found in the scarcity of ode begun with anything except love, sonnet, description of female beauties and the poet to reach her mysteries. A "Jaheli" p MoreAs far as "Jaheli " poetry is concerned the main theme is woman the evidence for which is found in the scarcity of ode begun with anything except love, sonnet, description of female beauties and the poet to reach her mysteries. A "Jaheli" poet describes woman beauties primarily fascinated by her face , the beauty of her body quite expectedly ,but describing her moral spiritual aspects and an image of her affection as well as the love story between and woman just come after the description of women body . Moreover, Jaheli woman is superior to the ordinary people and enters poets' lives inspiring them with simultaneously encouraging them to create artistic works which results in masterpieces in describing woman and innovation in portraying her beauties. The Jaheli poet portrays an statute of Jaheli woman in whose forehead some signs are evident. His poetry starts from hair and comes to the feet. This is a simile suggesting the secret of life full of morals and spiritual attributes which themselves are ones that Jaheli man appreciates as a whole in the woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Influence of Persian Symbolism and Poetic Forms on the Poetry of Hossein Mojib Almesri
Mehdi Abedi Jazini The comparison of Arabic literature and Persian literature is the comparison between two similar literatures though the impact of Persian literature on Arabic literature is more profound. Hossein Mojib Almesri, the poet under discussion in this paper has been in More The comparison of Arabic literature and Persian literature is the comparison between two similar literatures though the impact of Persian literature on Arabic literature is more profound. Hossein Mojib Almesri, the poet under discussion in this paper has been influenced by Persian literature specifically in two areas: symbolism and poetic forms. This paper is an attempt to discuss cultural interaction between Arabic and Persian literature in the poetry of Hossein Mojib Almesri as a prominent contemporary literary man. The paper highlights the representation of this cultural give and take which results in change in poetic themes. Mesri follows Persian mystical symbolism while he tries to depict his own mental images, too by describing the beloved's long hair and tall, upright figure. The poet sometimes borrows Persian motifs and themes unconsciously , and unaware of its effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Palm and Olive Motifs in Samih Alqasim's Poetry
Kobra Roshanfekr Hamed PoorheshmatiSome thoughts and events are of a prominent position in human life as if they lead human to insistence and repetition by becoming a part of his concerns and at last they represent themselves as an individual and permanent feature in his conscious and unconscious. But pe MoreSome thoughts and events are of a prominent position in human life as if they lead human to insistence and repetition by becoming a part of his concerns and at last they represent themselves as an individual and permanent feature in his conscious and unconscious. But permanent repetition of the mentioned imagery represents a subject of whose reality there is no information available under normal circumstances. Hence, repetition though, it is a linguistic-critical phenomenon, appears sometimes as a motif, in frame of a fundamental element in a poetic text, in signs and implications among which the poet included poetic codes and images to promote beauty and attraction of his text. Motif is highly significant in Samih Alqasim poetry and lets the viewer find the key hidden in his work in the form of a noun, verb or a sentence for a main point around which his poem turns. Of course the poet occasionally resorts to repetition which accompanies with insistence on temporary concern to have a certain view. As an instance, he uses palm and olive motifs each of which has been respectively iterated 51 and 69 times in his poems with sustainability goals in poetic necessity. Meanwhile, palm implies secrets such as resistance, vitality and new life and olive inspires freshness, prosperity and the poet's religious heritage tied with his patriotic feelings. This study seeks to uncover application of palm and olive motifs in Samih Alqasim poetry with reference to statistical data and emphasis on analytical-descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The Role of Place in the Poetic Design of Mozaffar Navvab
mohammad mahdi roshanPoetic location (place) is of the main elements in the poetic design of Mozaffar Navvab, the contemporary Iraqi poet. He spent most of his life in exile away from home in countries such as Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, Greece and France as he was struggling aga MorePoetic location (place) is of the main elements in the poetic design of Mozaffar Navvab, the contemporary Iraqi poet. He spent most of his life in exile away from home in countries such as Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, Greece and France as he was struggling against dictatorship by poems and defending the oppressed. Therefore, his poems are enriched with places and implications of the locations. The research intends to analyze the role of dimensions and places in MozaffarNavvab poems. This descriptive-analytical study concludes that the locations in Mozaffar Navvab poems are not limited to Iraq; rather, they embrace Arabic, western and Iranian areas. He passed beyond geometrical and geographical dimensions of the location in his poems and assigned them new roles and connotations of political, religious, social, mental, historical, national, natural and aesthetics. Once he complains about deportation and homesickness, a psychological role is assigned to the place; and the national role of the place is manifested through expressing passion, love and dream of returning to home. Negative and positive social characteristics, accent, and scientific groups give the social role to the location. Political prisoning, the issue of oil and Arab politicians, as well as Palestine make the political role of location appears. Calling for historical and religious locations and characters leads to the religious and political character for the location. The aesthetics role of the location is manifested through nature; further, the symbolic and mythical role of the location is appeared in places like dessert, mountains, and tomb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - A Sociological Reading of Poetic Innovations in AbuNuwas’s Poetry
Azade montazeriAbu Nuwas Hasan Ibn Hani,Persian poet, is one of the greatest poets in Arabic literature and his innovative effortsinthe poetry have been followed by different Studiesanddiscussions throughtheages. In this study, it is tried to analyze AbuNuwas'spoetic innovations MoreAbu Nuwas Hasan Ibn Hani,Persian poet, is one of the greatest poets in Arabic literature and his innovative effortsinthe poetry have been followed by different Studiesanddiscussions throughtheages. In this study, it is tried to analyze AbuNuwas'spoetic innovations based on sociological reading .It is aimed to find motives and reasons for this literaryeventinthefirstAbbasid period, like hisShiitetendenciesand appearanceof new socialclasses whichcameaftermixing ofArabculturewith other cultures,in addition to contradictions and the rapid changes in the new society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The Analysis of Art and Character of the Obscure Poet Elias Farhat
Hassan Majidi Ensiye SakkakiDuring the end of nineteenth and the beginning of twentieth century the great majority of people from Arabic lands specifically Lebanon and Syria migrated to the American continent and settled down in Canada ,Brazil, Argentina ,and Mexico. These folk migrations were mos MoreDuring the end of nineteenth and the beginning of twentieth century the great majority of people from Arabic lands specifically Lebanon and Syria migrated to the American continent and settled down in Canada ,Brazil, Argentina ,and Mexico. These folk migrations were mostly an escape from economical, social, and intellectual crisis which dominated the Arab society. Among these immigrants, there existed some literary men and poets who transmitted their literary heritage to the newly moved lands. Being known as an obscure poet they created a species of literature which was profoundly affected by the catastrophic milieu of people from Palestine. The shadow of the classical Arab poets falls so immensely upon the character and poetic style of Ferhat that he fails to emancipate himself from it. The verse stories of Ferhat are vivid portrayals of various facets of his own era and reflect his personal experiences in an ample scope. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Abu Nuwas Wine Poetry: A Structural Analysis
Yusef Hadi Pour Nehzomi"Khamriyat" is a term referred to poems which deal with the wine world and issues concerned with, from the consideration of form, taste, and smell to diverse cups and bowls applied to preserve or drink it. Moreover, reference to wine-drinking communities, th More"Khamriyat" is a term referred to poems which deal with the wine world and issues concerned with, from the consideration of form, taste, and smell to diverse cups and bowls applied to preserve or drink it. Moreover, reference to wine-drinking communities, the recollection of cup- bearers, singers,musicians, dancers, discussions on the purity of wine, its effect on human soul and body, and the ecstatic drunkenness accompanied by spiritual drunkenness are all issues elaborated in this type of poetry. No doubt, Abu Nuwas , the great Iranian poet who lived during the second century(A.D) is the forerunner of wine poetry. His outstanding privileges compared to those of his co- poets are that first, he establishes wine poetry as a poetic skill, and next he sets it as a symbolic system. Apart from the realm of poetry, he enters the realms of politics, ethics, and morality and boldly utters some unheard attitudes in a highly restricted milieu. Surely, "Khomriyat" is the mirror of the poet's era. Due to the significance of these everlasting poems, the present paper examines the structure of his poetry. The content of his poems will be discussed in another paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Criticism and Analysis of Black and White Colors in the Poems of Badr Shaker Siab
Narges Ansari Tayyebe Seyfi The colors, as the most important elements in the phenomenal fields, have attracted mankind's attention and enchant its spirit since so many years ago. Poets had more attention to the colors and became amorous of them. Because of the contemporary poet's kno More The colors, as the most important elements in the phenomenal fields, have attracted mankind's attention and enchant its spirit since so many years ago. Poets had more attention to the colors and became amorous of them. Because of the contemporary poet's knowledge from color's variety and their influence to the mankind's soul, they had a good relation with the colors and used them in their poems. Since the two colors of black and white are so significant in the poems of Siab, this paper tends to the survey of the importance of these two colors in the poems of this contemporary poet. After extracting instances of using this colors and presenting statistical tables of their usage, the reasons and the importances are described to demonstrate the mental conditions of the poet and finally to notify the effects of the mental conditions to the abundance of using this colors. The most important results from this paper show that these two colors are used to indicate the concepts of goodness and badness, or war and peace. Black color has most abundance in this poet's poetry which shows the big heartache of his mind. On the other hand using white color in his many poems indicates his wish for a pleasant future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Stylistic Study of the Poem Later in Paradise
Issa mottaghizadeh Kobra Roshanfekr Nouroddin parvin Stylistics is a new science which analyzes the structure of composed lyrics based on the three layers: vocal, syntax and rhetorical. In this study with descriptive analytic method and the frame work of stylistics More Stylistics is a new science which analyzes the structure of composed lyrics based on the three layers: vocal, syntax and rhetorical. In this study with descriptive analytic method and the frame work of stylistics the researchers try to study the elegy Later in Paradise composed by Suad Sabah one of the pioneers of contemporary on the death of his beloved son Mobarak. The three levels mentioned will be analyzed in this poem to examine the link between melancholy and style.The main result of the application of this theory in analysis his elegy shows that there is a strong association between the sentiment elegy and style of poets. And sentimental grief has a direct impact on poet his. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Renewal music for Ibrahim Naji
Mahdi MomtahenConsidered Ibrahim Naji from Rowe Ed renewal and Media contemporary Arabic poetry and the mode of the contract between the Poets Egyptian Glory Dean, who Tat By Poets of the modern era . Renewal has going on in different angles, some&n MoreConsidered Ibrahim Naji from Rowe Ed renewal and Media contemporary Arabic poetry and the mode of the contract between the Poets Egyptian Glory Dean, who Tat By Poets of the modern era . Renewal has going on in different angles, some T. New in the music and poetry in his imagination, but in the And Methods . This research tries in the subject Renewal Music when the poet's glory D On the road to the investigation and characterization and analysis . From the results of this research felt like Naji Balmoshat Andalusian poet and use the weights also is used instead of the house chopped . Depends on the survivor in his hair of characters that help to highlight the word that fits the atmosphere of psychological meaning . That «Nagy» remade in the music of poetry and imagination, but in words and ideas and .... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The Representation of Past and Present in Gamaa Edris' Poetry
Mohammad Mahjub Mohammad Ex The most important thing we are trying to accomp More The most important thing we are trying to accomplish is to identify the echo of the past and present in Gamaa poetry and its utility and testimony to him . And to what extent he is fully aware of the nature of philosophical or historical context in which that poetry was accomplished, or was it merely simulate and tradition. As a conclusion Gamaa tried as much as possible the formulation of the past in a manner consistent with his new experience of poetry. As he did not consumed the present in a haphazard way and that really his poetic experiment is not conducive to a strict philosophic or ideological vision, but at the same time it clearly indicate an obvious the poetic features and traits . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Elements of Romanticism in the Poetry of Fadwa Touqan
Reyhaneh Mollazadeh After the third decade of 20th century the social political and intellectual conditions in the Arab world prepared the field for romantic revolution. This school surrounded public favor for a long time. Arab generation was influenced by romanticism and was More After the third decade of 20th century the social political and intellectual conditions in the Arab world prepared the field for romantic revolution. This school surrounded public favor for a long time. Arab generation was influenced by romanticism and was acquainted with the principles of this school by translation of western literature .One of the offspring’s of this generation is contemporary Palestinian poetess Fadwa Touqan who empowered the base of Palestine poem after his brother Ebrahim Touqan .Her first poetry sequence was influenced by this school. From this point of view this article investigates Fadwa Touqan's poem on the base of descriptive analysis approach reveal the main romantic propositions in her first poetical works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The reflection of didactive literature in bahar’s poetries
Gholamhossein MollaeiUsing poetry in the field of education in our ancient literature has been widely popular through out the past. This variety and extension, in parlimentary era, left a good impression, in bahar’s poetries the way that the poetry book of this greatest contemporious MoreUsing poetry in the field of education in our ancient literature has been widely popular through out the past. This variety and extension, in parlimentary era, left a good impression, in bahar’s poetries the way that the poetry book of this greatest contemporious peot must be taken as didactive literature which indicates his optimism toward Iran’s future generation. He, consciously and kindly, makes use of his unique talent and ability in the field of poetry and so as to represent the inclusive moral values and concepts which have a root in Islamic culture and Iran’s ancient history in theforms of story, parable et.c to this people with respect to variety of audiences, these instructions are various and variegated and often include national and religious values. However the themes such as encouraging justice, magnanimity patriotism, seeking knowledge and being kind to creature can be considered as the center of these cermons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - تخیل، رؤیت و رویا در اشعار عارفانه ملک الشعرای بهار
Hamideh Jamalzehi Behrooz Roomiani Mostafa Salary -
Open Access Article
202 - Investigating Western borrowings in the imagery and theme-creation of constitutional era poetry "A case study of the poems of Malek al-Shaarai Bahar"
Ali Ghaempanah Tajabadi Maryam Gholamreza Beigi Majid Hajizadeh AskariThe constitutional era is one of the ups and downs of Iran's history, in which the results of the industrial progress of the West reached the third world countries and Iran. Therefore, researching and examining the poems of poets of this period will lead to more familia MoreThe constitutional era is one of the ups and downs of Iran's history, in which the results of the industrial progress of the West reached the third world countries and Iran. Therefore, researching and examining the poems of poets of this period will lead to more familiarity with the political, economic and social conditions of that era. In this research, an attempt has been made to "investigate Western vocabulary and terms in the depiction and theme-creation of the poetry of the constitutional era by means of a descriptive-analytical method and with library tools, relying on the divan of Malik al-Shaarai Bahar's poems." The findings of the research show that Bahar used imagery and thematization to express political, cultural and social themes due to familiarity with the past texts of the Persian language. In the thematic section, Bahar has used western loanwords more than other poets of his time, and in the illustration section, irony array has been used the most and he has created an image with the help of expression techniques with western words. The importance of using loan words in Diwan Bahar is that it expresses the atmosphere of cultural, political, social and economic relations between Iran and the countries of France, England and Russia. The high frequency of borrowing French words expresses political and social issues and the use of Russian words is mostly due to economic and industrial relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - نقد فرمالیستی قصیدهای از ملکالشعرای بهار در بزرگداشت امام هشتم (ع)
leyla hashemiyan -
Open Access Article
204 - The sociological analysis of woman's image in the poems of Malek al-Shara'i Bahar and Seyyed Ashrafdin Gilani
Reza Musabadi Mahdi Novrooz Batool FakhreslamThe woman and its role in the community is one of the issues that has always been considered in the poetic and prose works of Persian literature and has become a worthy place; But the woman in Persian classical literature does not have much positive and worthy face; Bec MoreThe woman and its role in the community is one of the issues that has always been considered in the poetic and prose works of Persian literature and has become a worthy place; But the woman in Persian classical literature does not have much positive and worthy face; Because among the poems of the classical poets, the woman's identity is confused and dark and the negative views on her are shadowed by the woman. Since the Constitutional Revolution and with the brief acquaintance of Iranians with Western culture and modern thoughts, the role and identity of women as one of the most important social activists in constitutional poetry has been taken into consideration. This research is to investigate and compare the manifestation of woman's image in the poems of Malek al-Shaara Bahar and Nasim shomal in the Constitutional Revolution, using descriptive-analytical method. One of the most important findings of this research is that the attitude of poets towards women's image has changed in Constitutionalist poetry; For the first time, the themes of this period are related to women's legal and social issues, and women are excluded from absolute love and their rationality, personality, and humanity are explained and analyzed. Both poets also believe in the achievement of women's knowledge, individual rights, and modern teachings; But in terms of freedom of coverage and the issue of hijab, the Spring discovers a veil of freedom from ignorance, while the Nasim shomal requires hijab for the presence of women in the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - A comparative study of modernity in the poems of Malek al-Shaara Bahar and Haji Kader Koui
kazhal fadakar reza sadeghi shahparOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the MoreOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the poems of the poets of this era. One of the most important contemporary Iranian poets in this period is Malik al-Shaara Bahar. In this research, the comparison of modernity in the poems of Bahar and Haji Qadir Koui, a Kurdish and Iraqi modernist poet, has been discussed. As it can be seen from their poems, both poets have a new and modernist view in many and different fields, and in this article, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze their views and thoughts about women, religion and science.Scientism, anti-superstition and a new look at women and issues related to her are the common points of both poets, although Haji Qadir paid more attention to ignorance and anti-superstition than Bahar, and Bahar paid more attention to women and her rights than him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - A comparative study of the imprisonments of Malek al-Shoara Bahar and Fadavi Touqan
Esmaeil EslamiCommon intellectual fields are the result of common social issues and the manifestation of this can be found in literature. By exploring literary works, one can find out how similar ideas are formed among writers. The present research will deal with the descriptive-anal MoreCommon intellectual fields are the result of common social issues and the manifestation of this can be found in literature. By exploring literary works, one can find out how similar ideas are formed among writers. The present research will deal with the descriptive-analytical method, with the approach of comparative literature and based on the American school, to examine imprisonment in the poems of Malek al-Shoara, an Iranian poet, and Fadavi Touqan, a Palestinian poet, and will study and discuss the most obvious themes of prison in their poems. Because Malek al-Shoara Bahar and Fadavi Touqan are poets who fought and sought freedom and spent the best years of their lives in prison and exile. Both of them have complained about their depressing and inhuman environment and have been imprisoned. The results of the research show that patriotism, anti-colonialism, call to resistance, promotion of solidarity and stability, promotion of justice and fairness, honoring the position of martyr and freedom and hope are common themes in the poems of these two poets and it seems that the two poets are in a situation And the understanding of the similar experience has provided the prerequisites for such a thing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - نوستالژی در شعر بهار
زهرا باباپور علی اصغر باباصفری -
Open Access Article
208 - Investigating how Reza Shah deals with the issue of modernity, Intellectuallity, and analyzing his cognitive behavior with intellectuals according to historical research and documents
Mehrab Hatami manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi Nazli Eskandari nezhadIntellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they als MoreIntellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they also show a tendency to fight against the established powers. Its constituent forces can be clerics, journalists, teachers, professors, party activists, and artists. The main demand of these intellectuals was the establishment of a new European-style law system, the re-identification and national traditions of Iran, prohibiting clerics from interfering in politics and establishing new political institutions based on national sovereignty, and creating a modern national government. In examining the position of these forces in the era of Reza Shah, mostly the forces critical of the government and outside Reza Khani's political apparatus have intended to comment. Reza Shah's period is one in which important developments in the public and higher education, as well as movements in the modernization of the education system and higher education occurred in Iran. As a result, the enlightenment phenomenon manifests itself on a larger scale. The government's critical behavior eventually led to Reza Shah's strong reaction to them till the intellectuals were either imprisoned or attracted to Reza Shah's apparatus and due to the lack of public base, they were unable to make a significant impact on developments. In addition, Reza Shah was not optimistic about intellectual activities and that got the intellectuals out of the way individually, either organizationally or in groups Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - مشروطه خواهی یک شاعر اجتماعی ،محمد تقی بهار
دکتر حمیدرضا جدیدی سمیرا ضابطی -
Open Access Article
210 - Investigating the lexical layer style of Qari Abdullah's lyrics based on layered stylistics
Shafighollah Shafaghat |Gholamreza Mastali ParsaLayered stylistics is one of the new approach of stylistics, through which we can analyze literary texts by using intra-textual way, and based on constructive layers like(phonetical, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical and intellectual). Among other types, layered stylistics MoreLayered stylistics is one of the new approach of stylistics, through which we can analyze literary texts by using intra-textual way, and based on constructive layers like(phonetical, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical and intellectual). Among other types, layered stylistics is one of the most precise method in explaining literary works throug the use of which we can from one side realize important lingual characteristics and from other side glanced to the the ruling thought of the literary work. In this article, has been struggled to examine the stylistic features of the Ghazals of Qari Abdullah in the lexical layer with a (descriptive-analytical) approach. After examination and accuracy, the results of the research show that the frequency of abstract words, codes related to ruins and tariqat, general words and additional combinations was high in Qari's poems; Also, the use of slang words and idioms is another matter that has characterized the poet's style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - .
leila bagheri قربانعلی ابراهیمی مرتضی رشیدی آشجردی -
Open Access Article
212 - .
Seyyed Mohammad Baqir Kamaluddini Aztabadi najmah ahmadi bahg dad abadi -
Open Access Article
213 - “Moral Advices of Rulers in Bahar’s Poems”
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni GHOLAMHOSSEIN MollaeiFor Iranians, Poetry is so important that most of rulers have used poetry as a tool for their aims. However, at the start of parliamentary movement, the poets’ view towards rulers and social issues changed. Malek Al Shooaraye Bahar is the most prominent literal &n MoreFor Iranians, Poetry is so important that most of rulers have used poetry as a tool for their aims. However, at the start of parliamentary movement, the poets’ view towards rulers and social issues changed. Malek Al Shooaraye Bahar is the most prominent literal – Political figure and the best example of this evolution- His poem is brimful of moral and didactic tips such as justice, Forgiveness, devotion and so on which has been written to awaken rulers from ignorance. These teaching advices cover the various aspects of governorship due to their variety. This poet has focused on justice based on Islamic culture. He introduced it as prosperity of the two worlds. While spiritual values and human perfection are not obtained in tyranny, we must seek the Bahar’s didactic advices in Islamic teaching as well as in the history of ancient Iran which is accompanied by his insight, sympathy, bravery and art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - جلوهها و کارکردهای وصف طبیعت در قصیده از ظهیر تا بهار
حوریه نیکوکار مریم مجیدی زهرا قرقی
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