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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of health, safety and environmental risks in Tehran Police Park
Zahra Golchinshad Rokhshad HejaziThis study was conducted to evaluate the health, safety, and the environmental conditions in urban parks, carried out. It have been completed by the FMEA method. After gathering the data from the library and field studies, also as well as reviewing of reports, documents MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the health, safety, and the environmental conditions in urban parks, carried out. It have been completed by the FMEA method. After gathering the data from the library and field studies, also as well as reviewing of reports, documents and Journals, the hazards and potential damaging factors and their consequences have were identified. Then, RPN related to each factor was calculated and categorized according to the severity, the degree of probability of detection and occurrence probability. Results of the evaluation showed the largest number of RPN related to equipment in playgrounds as well as the switch structure, switchgear and cable power lines of lighting sources which can lead to many adverse consequences. So these are the priorities that should be omitted or mitigated or controlled by appropriate management strategies. In the end, the results of using the FMEA methodology were compared with the results of periodic evaluation of the health center of Tehran municipality. the results show that the FMEA method can be used as an efficient and modern method to identify and prevention of the occurrence of future events by urban experts, in order to create the ideal urban spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Meta theoretical foundations of feminism theory in international relations
Ebrahim AnoosheThe field of international relations in the field of theorizing includes a wide range of theories. From the traditional range of theories of international relations to the late theories and reflectionism, which has been a reaction to the traditional and ruling theories MoreThe field of international relations in the field of theorizing includes a wide range of theories. From the traditional range of theories of international relations to the late theories and reflectionism, which has been a reaction to the traditional and ruling theories in international relations. One of the most important developments in the field of international relations theories is the emergence of meta-theoretical issues in this field. meta-theoretical debates in international relations have been raised since the end of the 20th century, especially in the last international relations debates, which was the debate between rationalists and reflective theories, and this debate is more philosophical in nature, and the field of philosophy of science has been used to examine and evaluate other theories. meta-theory actually examines, analyzes and describes the theory. In other words, meta-theory deals with the ontological, epistemological and methodological dimensions of a theory. One of the recent and reflective theories in the field of international relations is the theory of feminism. Most of the proponents of this theory are inspired by poststructuralism. Feminists also question the dimensions of ontology, epistemology and methodology of traditional theories of international relations, especially realism, and consider them insufficient to analyze the realities of today's world. The purpose of this research is to investigate and familiarize with the ontological, epistemological and methodological dimensions of the theory of feminism and to what extent these dimensions can give us a more accurate and better understanding in the field of international relations and world politics issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Develop a Comprehensive Model for Evaluating the Factors of Electronic Marketing that Affect the Agile Supply Chain with the Approach of QFD in Iran Hamrah Aval operator
mohammad reza motadel maryam shariati vahidreza mirabiBackground:Today, agility is recognized as a characteristic of competition, so its use in the supply chain of many companies has expanded, but these companies need a way to adapt to the dynamic needs in the least Time consolidates a large amount of information and deliv MoreBackground:Today, agility is recognized as a characteristic of competition, so its use in the supply chain of many companies has expanded, but these companies need a way to adapt to the dynamic needs in the least Time consolidates a large amount of information and delivers it to different parts of the supply chain. E-marketing can be effective in solving this problem.Purpose:The purpose of this research is to"develop a comprehensive model for evaluating the factors of electronic marketing that affect the agile supply chain". Method:This research is applicational and descriptive-surveying with the modeling approach. The statistical population of this research consists of experts with common expertise in the field of IT and marketing in Hamrah Aval operator. The number of these people is 133, which was randomly selected.The questionnaire is used to collect the information, and the structural equation modeling approach, the one-sample t test, (AHP) approach and Quality Function Deployment approach,were used to analyse the data.Finding: The research results show e-marketing has an effect on supply chain agility and 7 factors, as the most effective e-marketing agents to respond to agility enablers and 7 tools the most effective e-marketing tools for budget allocation were identified and prioritized in order of weight.Conclusion: According to studies conducted in this field, no study has been conducted in relation to the present study. As a result, the proposed structure is presented as the first model that has the ability to be formulated and implemented according to the current variable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Optimization and modeling of growth conditions for Lactobacillus brevis IBRC10818 for biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid, affected by ultrasonic shock
Mahboobe Rezaei Younes Ghasemi Anousheh Sharifan Hossein Bakhoda -
Open Access Article
5 - Optimization of methanol-water solvent extraction of anthocyanins from Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) petals using response surface methodology
Mahboobeh Eksiri Seyed Ahmad Shahidi Leila Nateghi -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Astragalus fasciculifolius Gum Extract Against Clostridium perfringens in Meatball Formulations Using Response Surface Methodology
Najmeh Khademi Pour Anousheh Sharifan Hossein BakhodaAstragalus fasciculifolius Boiss. is a native medicinal plant of Iran with a long history of traditional use. This study investigated the phenolic composition, antimicrobial activity, and growth dynamics of Clostridium perfringens when treated with ethanolic extracts MoreAstragalus fasciculifolius Boiss. is a native medicinal plant of Iran with a long history of traditional use. This study investigated the phenolic composition, antimicrobial activity, and growth dynamics of Clostridium perfringens when treated with ethanolic extracts of A. fasciculifolius gum. Phenolic profiling revealed hesperidin as the most abundant compound (17.61%). Extracts showed antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 156 and 78 mg/g against C. perfringens, respectively. Microscopy indicated membrane shrinkage and changes upon treatment. A quadratic model was developed to describe C. perfringens growth in meat over time at different extract concentrations and temperatures. Optimization predicted the lowest bacterial numbers at 7200.8 ppm extract concentration, 14.29 h storage time, and 4.0°C temperature. These results demonstrate that A. fasciculifolius gum possesses bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogens. The extract could potentially be developed as a natural preservative for the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation and statistical optimization of process variables for xylitol production by Candida kefyr
Fatemeh Hedayati Rad Anousheh Sharifan -
Open Access Article
8 - Fox Index Reaction Versus Companies With the Possibility of Fraud Based on Content Analysis Methodologies: An Empirical test of Incomplete Revelation Hypothesis
vahid bekhradi nasabThe Incomplete Revelation Hypothesis argues that some companies, for some reason, disclose the information incompletely, complexly, difficultly and rigorously. One of the reasons why disclosure of information is difficult is the existence of fraudulent financial reporti MoreThe Incomplete Revelation Hypothesis argues that some companies, for some reason, disclose the information incompletely, complexly, difficultly and rigorously. One of the reasons why disclosure of information is difficult is the existence of fraudulent financial reporting. Fraud encourages the director to disclose information in a complex way so that the minds of users of financial information go beyond anything other than fraud. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the Fox Index Reaction Versus Companies With the Possibility of Fraud. Fox Index is a benchmark for identifying the complexity of financial statements. The research methodology is based on a content analysis approach based on an incomplete Revelation hypothesis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2016. The sample size is based on the systematic elimination of 112 companies. The research hypothesis was tested using multiple regression model and parent test based on Panel data. According to the incomplete Revelation hypothesis, the research evidence suggests that companies with a high probability of fraud are more complicated financial reports with less readability than companies with a low likelihood of fraud Publish. The findings of the present study, while completing the gap, have been carried out in the field of concealing the opportunistic behavior of managers about the non-disclosure of financial information, can be used to increase potential investors, stock market organizations and other stakeholders. Accounting information is useful in decision making Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Effect of Cooperative Teaching Method on Development of Social Skills in Primary School Students in Zanjan City
Mohammad Reza Oroji Manizhe Zakariyaee -
Open Access Article
10 - Right Website Model, RWM Selecting Right Website for Publication of Internet Advertisement
K. Heidarzadeh M. Behboudi A. ArdakaniPublishing advertisement through Internet channel is an issue whose importance has been doubled by commercializing web. Existence of more than 65 billion websites in the Internet has made it impossible to publish advertisement with high efficiency through this channel w MorePublishing advertisement through Internet channel is an issue whose importance has been doubled by commercializing web. Existence of more than 65 billion websites in the Internet has made it impossible to publish advertisement with high efficiency through this channel which seems very easy. In this respect, the present study embarks to answer the question that "what is the most appropriate website for publishing a display ad in the world of web?" Since the concept of "right website" and advertisement in the web are new issues, the combinational method of comparative-inductive is used in this study. In this regard, first a content analysis was conducted on international studies and five features influencing right website selection were identified from among 90 previous studies in the area of Internet advertisement and marketing. The key features include: quality of electronic services, user-oriented design, electronic business model, interaction, and type of website involvement. Then, considering each of the extracted features, the conceptual model of right website selection was designed and in order to evaluate the model, a 5-scale Likert format questionnaire was developed which presented each feature as a hypothesis and tested their effect on the selection of right website for publishing advertisement. Although the test was strict, all hypotheses were confirmed by the experts. After confirmation of the conceptual model, a specific methodology was designed for operationalizing the model on the basis of TOPSIS farness from and closeness to the ideal. According to this mechanism, the model of right website selection is presented. At the end, a case study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the model and the results indicated that the model possess a good operational capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Intangible Advertising of Brand and Its Effect on Consumer’s Choice
K. Heydarzadeh M. Behboudi A. Ghodsi khah M. Monsefi A. ManeshiThe study aimed at adding a new concept to advertising theory. The study examined concept of “intangible advertising of brand” to provide a comprehensive theoretical model explaining intangible advertising. It examined four latent variables of intangib MoreThe study aimed at adding a new concept to advertising theory. The study examined concept of “intangible advertising of brand” to provide a comprehensive theoretical model explaining intangible advertising. It examined four latent variables of intangible advertising: Ad type, product type, media, and demographic and found out that these constructs successfully explain the concept of intangible advertising. The next stage of study was undertaken by concentrating on advertising effectiveness components (brand recall, attitude toward brand, brand position and buying intention). The study objective was to see whether the intangible advertising of brand can improve the position of brand in consumers’ mind. As the sample brand gained a better rank in the experience group. Examination revealed that intangible advertising has effect on consumer mind unconsciously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The potential of compost-based organic nano-adsorbent (Compost/Fe3O4NPs) for contaminated soil remediation
laleh Ghafghazi Lobat Taghavi Behnam Rasekh Hadi Farahani Amir hesam HassaniOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has be MoreOne of the most important emerging pollutants in human health, food safety, and environmental protection challenges is phthalate esters. Among these, the contamination of agricultural soils with the endocrine-disrupting chemical Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been confirmed globally. In this research, the DEHP-absorption potential of compost enriched with Fe3O4 NPs was identified. The effects of the sorbent dose in the range of 2–5 g.L-1, 3–11 pH, and DEHP concentration at 5–10 mg.L-1 on absorption efficiency (%) were optimized via response surface methodology in design expert software. The kinetic equilibrium experiment results showed a two-step process, requiring 6 hours of equilibrium time for the exothermic adsorption process at 25ºC. The adsorption process of DEHP fitted best to the pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.9932) and the linear form of the Freundlich isotherm models. In the central composite design, the significant quadratic model was validated and used to predict the interaction of variables (P-value <0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.9753). The optimum conditions of absorption efficiency (74.173%) were obtained at a sorbent dosage of 4.157 g.L-1, pH 5.85, and a DEHP concentration of 4.88 mg.L-1 with a desirability of 0.987. The comparison of FTIR absorption spectra confirmed the active participation of O-H bands (functional groups of phenol, alcohol, and carboxyl) and primary amine (N-H) in the DEHP absorption through interaction with the oxygen atom of the phthalate ester group (C=O). As a result of its successful and acceptable efficiency, using compost/Fe3O4 NP absorbent based on organic wastes is a low-cost and eco-friendly technique for DEHP removal from sensitive ecosystems and also to improve the efficiency of bioremediation in agricultural soils amended by compost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Ultrasonic Assisted Removal of humic acids (HAs) from aqueous solutions on Uultrasonically polysulfone/ X% Fe2O3 mixed matrix membrane, An Experimental Design Methodology
Fereydoon Khazali Shahnaz Davoudi -
Open Access Article
14 - Ultrasonic Assisted Removal of Methyl Paraben on Ultrasonically Synthesized Zn(OH)2-NPs-AC: Experimental Design Methodology
Amir Abbas Ghazali -
Open Access Article
15 - حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال با استفاده از جاذب سنتزی سیکلودکسترین اصلاح شده با نانو ذرات اکسید آهن و به کمک امواج فراصوت؛ با متدلوژی طراحی تجربی
Ali Omaniziarati Gholamhossein Vatankhahدر این پژوهش، کاربرد جاذب سیکلو دکسترین/نانو ذرات اکسید آهن سنتز شده به عنوان یک جاذب جدید برای حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال از محیط های آبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این مقاله بر توسعه یک روش موثر برای به دست آوردن شرایط بهینه حذف با کمک امواج فراصوت برای حذف حداکثر رنگ بنفش کریست Moreدر این پژوهش، کاربرد جاذب سیکلو دکسترین/نانو ذرات اکسید آهن سنتز شده به عنوان یک جاذب جدید برای حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال از محیط های آبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این مقاله بر توسعه یک روش موثر برای به دست آوردن شرایط بهینه حذف با کمک امواج فراصوت برای حذف حداکثر رنگ بنفش کریستال بر روی CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs در یک محلول آبی با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM) تمرکز دارد. این جاذب جدید با تکنیک­های مختلف مانند FT-IR ،XRD و SEM مشخصه یابی و ارزیابی گردید. تأثیر متغیرهایی مانند غلظت اولیه رنگ(X1) ،pH (X2) ، دوز جاذب (X3) و زمان فراصوت (X4) با طراحی مرکب مرکزی (CCD) تحت روش سطح پاسخ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این فرآیند به صورت تجربی مدل­سازی شد تا متغیرهای مهم و فعل و انفعالات احتمالی آنها آشکار شود. شرایط بهینه سازی برای زمان تابش امواج فراصوت،pH ، مقدار جاذب وغلظت رنگ به ترتیب، 10 میلی­گرم بر لیتر، 6، 5 دقیقه و 025/0 گرم تعیین شد. در نهایت، نشان داده شد که حذف رنگ بنفش کریستالی توسط جاذب در pH برابر با 6 اتفاق افتاد. به وضوح ثابت شد که جذب رنگ مورد مطالعه با معادله سینتیکی شبه درجه دوم مطابقت دارد و همدمای لانگمویر داده های تعادل را توضیح می­دهد. حداکثر ظرفیت تک لایه جذب توسط جاذب (qmax)برای رنگ مورد مطالعه در شرایط بهینه 100 میلی­گرم بر گرم بدست آمد. گرمازا بودن این فرآیند با مقدار منفی (ΔG˚، ΔH˚ وΔS˚) ثابت شد که نشان از میل جاذب سنتز شده CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs برای حذف رنگ بنفش کریستال دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Butyl Paraben Dye Using Zeolitic Imidazolate-67 Modified by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles from Aqueous Solutions
Arezoo Ghadi Mohammad Pourmohammad Ali Aghababai Beni -
Open Access Article
17 - Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon derived from olive stone as adsorbent for Congo Red
S. Javad Hosseini H. Aghaie M. Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
18 - Consolidated Technique of Response Surface Methodology and Data Envelopment Analysis for setting the parameters of meta-heuristic algorithms - Case study: Production Scheduling Problem
Seyed Esmail Najafi Reza Behnoud -
Open Access Article
19 - Jonathan Z. Smith: A Reflection on the Meaning and Concept of Comparison in the Study of Religions
Mohsen Ovaisy Mahdi Lakzaei Abolfazl MahmoudiJonathan Zittell Smith is one of the most important critics of Mircea Eliade's approach to comparative religious studies, who has written works in fields such as "comparative methodology", "Classification of Religions" and religion in the contemporary world. One-sided f MoreJonathan Zittell Smith is one of the most important critics of Mircea Eliade's approach to comparative religious studies, who has written works in fields such as "comparative methodology", "Classification of Religions" and religion in the contemporary world. One-sided focus on similarity and homogenization and the discovery of similar patterns in the comparative studies of religions was the dominant method in religious studies, which was expressed by Eliade. In fact, the most important criticism of Eliade's approach is absence of serious attention to historical details, cultural and social contexts, and economic and political elements. Zittell Smith accused Eliade's comparative method to "Colonizing" the subject of research and believed that comparison does not only indicate to common and similar factors. He sought to present a comparative model that includes both differences and similarities. He reviews the main methods of comparison including (ethnological, encyclopedic, morphological, evolutionary and comprehensive comparison of religious patterns) and finally chooses the "morphological-structural" approach with emphasis on historical and anthropological components. He considers it a more correct comparative method than other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Development of an Optimal Formulation for Flavored Doogh-Based Soft Drink Using Response Surface Methodology and Evaluate the Resulting Powder
Z. Sarlak F. Garavand R. Mohammadi M. Hosseini M. RouhiIntroduction: Doogh is a fermented drink that is consumed in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. Due to the increased awareness of the harmful effects of carbonated drinks, Doogh consumption have been increased considerably because of its nutritional benefits. Usin MoreIntroduction: Doogh is a fermented drink that is consumed in Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. Due to the increased awareness of the harmful effects of carbonated drinks, Doogh consumption have been increased considerably because of its nutritional benefits. Using healthy and antibacterial flavoring agents such as lime extract and mint distillate, in certain concentrations, can reduce the viability of traditional yoghurt starters and be a good alternative to industrial thermal processes (in heated Doogh). In addition, the powder of these products under certain conditions will contribute to ease maintenance and transportation. Materials and Methods: In the present study, Doogh-based soft drink optimized with lime extract (0-6% v/v) and mint distillate (0-4% v/v) for sensorial and antioxidant properties, using response surface methodology (RSM) and studied during refrigerated storage at 5°C. Soft drink powder was produced by spray dryer in different input air temperatures to increase the product’s shelf life and weight loss. Results: The results showed that the the best model fitted on the sensory total score and IC50 was quadratic. The addition of 3.382% (v/v) lime extract and 2.484% (v/v) mint distillate to drink led to the highest sensory total score and lowest IC50 (the highest antioxidant activity). The optimized formulated drink was stable for 42 days with non-significant loss of sensory quality (p>0.05). For long term storage and production of powder by spray dryer, input hot air temperature at 170°C caused the highest percentage of solubility and sensory acceptability. The resulting powder also had acceptable moisture content, water activity (aw) and color total changes (ΔE). Conclusion: The consumption of Doogh-based products with traditional flavors, might be a strategy to increase the variety of soft drink market. The results of present study showed that Doogh formulated with 3.382% (v/v) lime extract and 2.484% (v/v) mint distillate had desirable sensorial and antioxidant properties. Moreover, the novel Doogh-based drink was transformed to powder that have high solubility and sensory score using spray drier at 170°C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Synthesis, Optimization and Modeling of Curdlan Gum Production from Paenibacillus polymyxaUsing Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
S.M. Rafigh M. Vossoughi A. Vaziri A.A. Safekordi M. ArdjomandIntroduction: Curdlan gum is a bacterial polysaccharidic biopolymer that is the result of β-(1→3)-D-glycosidic linkages. Due to its ability to curdle and the water-holding capacity, curdlan has applications in the manufacture of food products such as jelly, no MoreIntroduction: Curdlan gum is a bacterial polysaccharidic biopolymer that is the result of β-(1→3)-D-glycosidic linkages. Due to its ability to curdle and the water-holding capacity, curdlan has applications in the manufacture of food products such as jelly, noodles, edible fibers. Curdlan is biodegradable, nontoxic and it has applications in the pharmaceutical industry because of its potent biological activities. For the first time, the present study is concerned with the synthesis, characterization, optimization of cultural conditions and modeling of curdlan production from Paenibacillus polymyxa using RSM. Materials and Methods: After preparation of the microorganism and the medium, Plackett–Burman design with 12 experimental runs was used to screen the effective factors through 11 variables of batch culture medium for curdlan production. Central composite design with 20 experimental runs was used for optimization of the effective variables. In addition, four characterization methods such as FT-IR, C-NMR, XRD and DSC were employed. Results: The result of the experiments showed that three nutritional factors (glucose, yeast extract and triton x-100) had the predominant effect on curdlan production. The maximum production of curdlan was 4.75 g/l from the optimum condition consisting of glucose (100 g/l), yeast extract (3 g/l) and triton x-100(2.5 g/l). In addition, the average molecular weight of curdlan was determined at 170 kDa by GPC. Conclusion: The results from this study have demonstrated that Paenibacillus polymyxa PTCC 1020 with more specific growth rate (µ) than previous studies is capable to produce curdlan gum and also the production of the synthetic curdlan was confirmed using qualitative methods of identification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Optimization of Spray Drying Process to Produce Microencapsulated Powders of Functional Extract Obtained from Red-Beet
Sh. YousefiIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemic MoreIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemical quality. Materials and Methods: The effect of three operating parameters including inlet air temperature (IAT, 130-160°C), air flow rate (AFR, 2-4 m3/h) and feed flow rate (FFR, 4-10 mL/min) was investigated to attain the microencapsulated powders of red-beet extract containing functional pigment of betalain using RSM. The yield of produced powders, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of reconstituted extract were optimized. Results: The quadratic equations with high correlation coefficients (0.960-0.994) can well predict the optimal conditions to achieve the highest physicochemical efficiency. An increase in IAT and AFR had a significant effect on the decrease of the level of phenolic and antioxidant components of the obtained powders, while this trend led to an increase in the yield. The antioxidant and phenolic content of microencapsulated powders with low yield at higher FFRs are well maintained. The analysis of microscopy observations and particle size also confirmed the results clearly. The findings showed that the maximum physical yield (75%), phenolics content (1238.72 µg gallic acid/mL), and free-radical inhibition percentage (78.77%) can be obtained under the optimum conditions of 136.0°C IAT, 3.6 m3/h AFR, and 8.8 mL/min FFR. Conclusion: Production of high-quality powders microencapsulating red-beet extract under the optimal conditions might be a beginning to develop fortification of food products with the obtained powders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Optimization of the Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Cotton Seed by Response Surface Methodology
P. Shabani B. Akbari - AderganiIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, antica MoreIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and enhance the immune system. The main objective of this study was to produce cotton seed protein hydrolysate using pepsin enzyme that was optimized by response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: The factors investigated in this study were temperature (30-40◦C), time (2-5h) and enzyme/substrate ratio (0.5-2%) in order to obtain maximum antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and chelating activity. All of the experiments were designed according to the central composite design. Results: Each of the studied variables had a significant effect on the responses (p<0/05). The optimal conditions to achieve maximum antioxidant activity were temperature of 31.1◦C, time of 5h and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1.75%, respectively. Under these conditions, (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and degree of hydrolysis were 83%, 0.158 Å, 70%, 1.99 mmol α- tocopherol/mL and 31.75%, respectively. Conclusion: Cotton seed protein hydrolysates have exhibited good antioxidant activity and might be employed as a natural antioxidant in food products and formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Optimization of Canola Oil Extraction by Ultrasound Waves and Response Surface Methodology
F. Jalili S. M. Jafari Z. Emamjomeh M. Kashaninejad M. GanjehIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Th MoreIntroduction: Canola seed is one of the most important oil seed with high ratio of oil andhigh nutritional value and is economically recommended for cultivation and oil extraction.Extraction with ultrasound waves as a nondestructive and novel method might be employed.Therefore the aim of this research is optimization of extraction of canola oil by ultrasoundwaves and RSM.Materials and Methods: In this project, Response Surface Methodology was employed foroptimization of canola oil extraction by ultrasound waves using hexane andhexane/isopropanol as solvents by the ratio of 3:2 (v/v). The influence of extractiontemperature in the range of 35, 45 and 55℃, ultrasound treatment time for 30, 60 and 90minutes and ratio of solvent to canola in three levels of 5, 10 and 15 ml/g were analyzed byBox-Behnken Design (BBD) based on extracted oil percent. The fatty acid compositions ofthe extracted oils using ultrasound-assisted method and soxhlet method employing gas liquidchromatography were determined and compared.Results: According to the high values of correlation coefficients of selected models optimizedfor hexane solvent extraction methods (R2 =0.93) and hexane-isopropanol solvent mixture(R2 =0.97) and no significant lack of fit tests (P>0.05) selected models might be useful topredict the extraction percentage of canola oil.Conclusion: The results showed that the optimum conditions for canola oil extraction byhexane (22.39 %) and combined hexane/isopropanol (30.66 %) were respectively atultrasound treatment times of 69.5 and 87 minutes, temperatures of 55 and 55 ℃ and ratio ofsolvent to canola of 6.39 and 9.12 (%v/w). Extraction efficiency was significantly improvedby ultrasound as compared to the soxhlet extraction. Fatty acid compositions of the canolaoils were not significantly affected by the application of ultrasound (P> 0.05). Thereforeultrasound might be regarded as a simple and rapid method to improve the extraction of oilwithout affecting the quality of the fatty acids present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation on Possibility of Using Hydrated Emulsifier in Soft Biscuits
F. Baei B. Ghiassi TarziIntroduction: Biscuits are one of the most important flour products, that are very popular due to its ease of production, storage, and consumption. In biscuits production using an emulsifier has increased the ability to spread fat in the flour and sugar system. The obje MoreIntroduction: Biscuits are one of the most important flour products, that are very popular due to its ease of production, storage, and consumption. In biscuits production using an emulsifier has increased the ability to spread fat in the flour and sugar system. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of three emulsifier SSL, DMG, DATEM in the hydrated form in soft biscuits and optimization of the formulation.Materials and Methods: The range of use of each emulsifier is 0.1-0.5 percent based on the weight of flour. The RSM was used to determine treatments and 22 treatments were identified. The experiments performed included measuring the long and short diameter, thickness, hardness, browning index and overall acceptability. The data were then analyzed and optimization performed.Results: The SSL has the most effect on the diameter than the other two emulsifiers and at 0.5% concentration has increased by 2mm in diameter. But, by increasing SSL, the thickness has decreased. The DMG on diameter has a positive effect and its effect is greater on long diameter. DATEM is the most effective factor on the texture and as it increases, the texture becomes softer. The use of hydrated emulsifiers reduces browning index. Increasing DATEM, causes dough adhesion to rotary moulding and the appearance of biscuits is unacceptable.Conclusion: By optimization, the formulation of the combination of emulsifiers was determined that included: 0.37 SSL, 0.45 DMG, 0.5 DATEM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Process Optimization in Vacuum Frying of Green Bean Slices Using Response Surface Methodology
M. Nikkhah Eshghi B. Ghiassi Tarzi A. R. BasiriIntroduction: Vacuum frying is a new technology that might be useful for producing newkind of snacks such as fruit and vegetable chips. The reason for this technology is to reducethe presence of oxygen and lower the processing temperature. The aim of this work is todete MoreIntroduction: Vacuum frying is a new technology that might be useful for producing newkind of snacks such as fruit and vegetable chips. The reason for this technology is to reducethe presence of oxygen and lower the processing temperature. The aim of this work is todetermine the effect of process parameters namely time, pressure, temperature on the specificcharacteristics of green bean in order to achieve the optimal processing condition.Materials and Methods: In this research, samples were processed in predeterminedtemperatures, pressures and times by using statistical response procedures. The effects offrying time and temperature and pressure on reduction of moisture, oil absorption, shrinkage,texture, and color were studied.Results: The optimum conditions of 119.13oC for the temperature, 285 mbar for the pressureand 14.63 min for the time were obtained. The results showed that the time of the exposure tofrying has a direct and significant relation to vacuum pressure and the samples moisture levelis related to frying time and the moisture of the sample is significantly reduced (p<0.05) byincreasing the frying time. Oil absorption level has a significant relation with temperature andtime (p<0.01).Conclusion :The results indicated that vacuum frying can improve the nutritional quality ofthe food with reduced cost and avoid the loss and wastage of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Optimization of Roasting Process of Sesame Seed to Produce High Quality Sesame Oil
ملیکا Borjian Broujeni S. A. Goli مریم Gharachorloo رضا AzizinejadIntroduction: Sesame oil because of having lignans such as sesamin and sesamolinhas greater resistance against oxidative degradation as compared to other edible oils.Roasting process can make a tremendous positive impact on the oxidative resistanceof the oil. The aim of MoreIntroduction: Sesame oil because of having lignans such as sesamin and sesamolinhas greater resistance against oxidative degradation as compared to other edible oils.Roasting process can make a tremendous positive impact on the oxidative resistanceof the oil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the roasting conditions of sesame interms of temperature and time using response surface methodology regarding thehighest rate of oxidative resistance and best color of roasted sesame oil.Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the roasting conditions, the twofactors of temperature (200, 215 and 230°C) and time (15, 25 and 35 min) were usedin 3 levels. The total number of tests for each sample was 12 and oxidativeresistance and color (XE and L index) were considered as responses. After dataanalysis by the software, statistical analysis of the models related to the stability andcolor (XE and L index) were evaluated.Results: The results indicated that the temperature was more effective than the timein oil oxidative resistance changes and by increasing the temperature and time, theoxidative resistance and XE index increased while L index decreased.Conclusion: The optimal condition of roasting for brown sesame seeds was at thetemperature of 216.86°C and time of 19.32 minutes while for the white type, the temperatureof 220.47°C and the time of 15 minutes were considered as the optimum condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Butter Separation from Cream Using Ultrasonication: Optimization of Parameters Using RSM
B. Maheshwari R. Saravanathamizhan N. Balasubramanian -
Open Access Article
29 - Modeling Red Monascus Pigment Production on Date Waste Substrate Using Submerged Cultivation
F. Bakhshi M. Jahadi N. Ghasemisepro S. Jahanfar -
Open Access Article
30 - Formulation and Production of New Carbonated Malt and Jujube Drink and Evaluation of its Physicochemical, Microbial and Sensory Properties during Storage
M. Mohseni A. Rahmani F. Soleimany -
Open Access Article
31 - Optimization Specific Fuel Consumption of Diesel, Biodiesel and Bioethanol Fuel Blends by Response Surface Methodology
Golmohammad Khoobbakht Mohammad ghahderijani Background and Objective: Recently much attention has been paid to the development of alternative fuels in order to meet the emission standards and to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel. Especially biodiesel and ethanol have been considered as major alternativ More Background and Objective: Recently much attention has been paid to the development of alternative fuels in order to meet the emission standards and to reduce the dependency on fossil fuel. Especially biodiesel and ethanol have been considered as major alternative fuels as they are derived from renewable sources. These fuels are well oxygenated and therefore have a great potential to reduce emissions. Method: This study is aimed at investigating the effect of operating factors of engine load and speed as well as blended levels of biodiesel and ethanol in diesel fuel on the specific fuel consumption of a DI diesel engine OM 314. The experiments were designed using a statistical tool known as response surface methodology (RSM). Findings: The results depicted that specific fuel consumption increased with increasing percentage of bioethanol and biodiesel and the minimum of the specific fuel consumption (156 g/kWh) was accured at full load and engine rotational speed of 2453 rpm for pure diesel (B0E0D100) Discussion and Conclusion: the maximum of specific fuel consumption was obtained with amount of 413 g/kWh at 20% engine load and rotational speed of 2800 rpm and for a fuel blend containing 0.4 l biodiesel, 0.4 l ethanol and 1l diesel (B22E22D56). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - investigation of land cover changes using remote sensing technique (Case study: Katalan unit)
Maryam Nazemi jalal Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Elham ForootanBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cove MoreBackground and Objective: Updated and correct information is necessary for using and optimized managing of a land. Land cover map is one of the most important information resources in natural resource management. The goal of this research is to provide Katalan land cover map for investigating land use changes during 12 years in this area. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, satellite images such as Landsat ETM 2001 and OLI 2013 were used after performing necessary corrections whereas; GPS and topographic maps were implemented for surveying fields and gathering trained samples. Land cover maps were provided using supervised classification method with maximum likelihood algorithm. Findings: The results of this study revealed that the study area comprises six classes viz. irrigated farm land, rainfed farm land, bare land, rock stone, range land and mine class. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for 2013 map were estimated 86.11% and 0.82, respectively and theses values for 2001 land use map were 78.26%, and 0.71, respectively. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this research revealed that the class of farm land, bare land and range land were increased 1.84%, 1.29%, and 1.21%from 2001 to 2013, and the class of rock stone and rainfed farmland were decreased 5.09%, and 0 .62%, respectively. Also, there was not mine class in 2001 but this class was 1.36% equivalent to 49.3939 hectare of the whole area in 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Future Studies of Sustainable Development of Iranian Machine Carpet Industry Using MIC-MAC and SSM
gholamreza jandaghi Mohammad Reza Fathi mohammad hasan maleki mohammad hossein soleymani sarvestaniBackground and Objective: The main objective of this research is to determine the key drivers for the sustainable development of machine carpet industry and to determine the scenarios for the future of sustainable development of Iranian carpet industry. Material and Me MoreBackground and Objective: The main objective of this research is to determine the key drivers for the sustainable development of machine carpet industry and to determine the scenarios for the future of sustainable development of Iranian carpet industry. Material and Methodology: In this research, using two methods of structural analysis and scenario analysis, first, identifying the key factors affecting the sustainable development of Iran's machine carpet industry and then developing future scenarios. Subsequently, using one of the soft opreation research tools that include soft systems methodology, these scenarios will become better. Initial research data were collected using interviews with Iranian carpet managers and experts and reviewing the literature and the background of the research. The data were analyzed through a questionnaire of expert opinion and using Mic-Mac software. Findings: Among the 34 key factors extracted, by reviewing the literature and interviewing the experts, key factors entered the checklist questionnaire, and the 16 key factors, according to their assumptions related to them at 0.05, were selected according to experts' opinion. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, two factors of Business conditions and weakness in design were considered as influential variables in the sustainable development of Iran's machine carpet industry and finally, four scenarios of blossoming, lazy actors, disasters and the unpredictable world were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Removal of polluting Phenol out of aqueous solutions with the aide of nanocomposites of TiO2/SBA-15 and using Response Surface Methodology
Samira Khodabakhsh Lobat Taghavi Ebrahim Alaie Leila SamieeBackground and Objective: Phenolic compounds are one of the most important pollutants that poison water resources. Presence of phenol and its derivatives in water and wastewater is a major concern due to its toxic threat to human, animals and environment. Therefore, ide MoreBackground and Objective: Phenolic compounds are one of the most important pollutants that poison water resources. Presence of phenol and its derivatives in water and wastewater is a major concern due to its toxic threat to human, animals and environment. Therefore, identifying and tracking these pollutants as well as identifying ways to control and eliminate them is very important in order to protect the environment, treatment of sewage and healthy drinking water supply. In this research, the main goal is to eliminate phenol from aqueous solution,with high initial density by Heterogeneous photocatalysis in the slurry reactor with the quality of Pyrex glass.Method: First,Response Surface Methodology was used for nanocatalystTiO2with hydrogen peroxide and 250 watts UV radiation,to find optimum conditions for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution using heterogeneous photocatalysis.Then,SBA-15, which is highly capable of eliminating phenol due to its porous structure comparing to other absorbents, and then TiO2/SBA-15 were synthesized. Finally, the structure and physical properties of Nano composite were detected by analysis XRD, BET, FESEM, and TEM. Findings: Results of phenol elimination out of aqueous solutions by Heterogeneous photo catalyst and Phenol removal efficiency of 96% at a concentration of 100mg / l at the time of 420 minutes, respectively. Use of Response Surface Methodology to determine optimal conditions is one of the most effective methods to achieve the desired goal in this study.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, mesoporous materials containing TiO2 compared with pureTiO2,have high efficiency in photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Evaluation of the Efficiency of Catalytic Ozonation Process with magnesium-aluminum double layer hydroxide nanocomposite doped on zeolite in mineralization of cefixime antibiotic in Aqueous Solution
yalda sheikh elham Tazikeh-Lemeski yousef Dadban ShahamatBackground and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medici MoreBackground and Objective: One of the problems in the health systems of the world today is the prescription or overuse of drugs. Among these, antibiotics are of particular importance. Antibiotics are a group of drugs that are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Cefixime (CFX) is also one of these antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of cefixime from synthetic sample using catalytic ozonation with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides Doped with zeolite. Material and Methodology: In this experimental and laboratory study MgAl-LDH/Zeolite nanocomposite was used in laboratory reactor and ozonation to remove cefixime. Effect of pH variables (5,6,7,8,9), amount of nanocomposite (0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5 g/L), initial concentration of cefixime (5,10,15,20,25 mg/L) and reaction time (5,18.75,32.5,46.25,60 min) were examined to find the maximum mineralization efficiency and response surface methodology based on central composite design (CCD) was used to design experiments, analyze data and achieve optimal conditions. Analysis of variance was also used to analyze the date. This research was done in 2021-2022. Findings: The maximum mineralization efficiency of cefixime under optimal conditions (pH=8.70, nanocomposite value=1.76 g/L, initial concentration of cefixime=24.06 mg/L, contact time=40.76 min) is 78%, which increases the target efficiency with increasing pH and contact time. Discussion and Conclusion: Catalytic ozonation process with Mg-Al layered double hydroxides nanocomposite Doped with zeolite can be used effectively and efficiency to remove cefixime in aqueous media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Set a bi-objective redundancy allocation model to optimize the reliability and cost of the Series-parallel systems using NSGA II problem
M. R. Shahriari‎ -
Open Access Article
37 - The interpretative method of interpreting al-Borhan based on the principle of implementation and adaptation
seyed hossein moosavi dorcheh Mohsen Ehteshminia amir tohidiThe rule of "conveyance and adaptation" is the flow of the general concepts of the verses of the Qur'an on their examples over time. This rule is one of the many rules of interpretation method that explores the new and esoteric concepts of the divine vers MoreThe rule of "conveyance and adaptation" is the flow of the general concepts of the verses of the Qur'an on their examples over time. This rule is one of the many rules of interpretation method that explores the new and esoteric concepts of the divine verses of the Qur'an.Considering that the most important source for interpreting the Qur'an is the interpretation traditions of the Prophets .Muhaddith Bahrani has based the interpretation of Al Burhan on the traditions of Ahl al-Bayt Infallibility and Purity that with careful consideration of the arrangement and selection of narrations in the introduction chapters and the text of Tafsir al-Barhan, the rule of "carrying out and adapting" can be studied and researched as the interpretation method of this Tafsir.The meaning of the rule "implementation and adaptation" is that the general and absolute words and interpretations of the Qur'an refer to cases and examples that can be adapted and are aimed at them.In this article, organized as a library and documentary research and organized in a descriptive and analytical method, it tries to apply the interpretation method of Muhaddith-e-Bahrani with precision and reflection on the traditions of Tafsir al-Barhan, while examining the rule of "implementation and adaptation" and its difference with tafsir and interpretation. Explain and derive this rule Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Etymology of Comparative Interpretation Method by Najjarzadgan in Interpretive Heritage
Ensiyeh Asgari Interpretive works called “comparative interpretation” increase remarkably in last decades while research interpretation has not grown equally. One the important issues is the comparison method which needs to be known and recognized. This research stud More Interpretive works called “comparative interpretation” increase remarkably in last decades while research interpretation has not grown equally. One the important issues is the comparison method which needs to be known and recognized. This research studies comparison method specifically in Najjarzadgan works. His method involves three stages of quotation, expression and ideas criticism. Since the mentioned stages form the general criteria of interpretive texts, an etymology could be done on his method. The present research studies fourth and sixth centuries which are known as historical turning point. The results show that Najjarzadgan method goes back to traditional interpretations and his works developed gradually by considering some preferences. Quotation and expression of ideas are developed based on documentaries; but arbitration and decision making are done with the same tools and basics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Descriptive Methodology of Al-Mizan Interpretation based on Content Analysis of Qaaf Surah
Hadis RiyahiOne of the most significant factors influencing the development of humanities is the explanation of methodological issues. This helps the researcher to better understand the process of religious studies and the context of the formation of religious texts, and through th MoreOne of the most significant factors influencing the development of humanities is the explanation of methodological issues. This helps the researcher to better understand the process of religious studies and the context of the formation of religious texts, and through this can lead to the discovery and extraction of deep semantic layers of Qur'anic verses in the form of new methods. This article tries to study the interpretation of "Al-Mizan" and describe its method using descriptive methodology and quantitative and qualitative content analysis. By choosing Qaaf Surah, the researcher examines the method of the following Allameh and its interpretive propositions; Finally, with the help of statistical data, Allameh's method has been analyzed and introduced in Qaaf Surah. The findings of this study indicate that Allameh has used ijtihad method to interpret the verses of Qaaf Surah compared to other methods and most of the figures are in quantitative analysis related to this field and after this field the interpretation of Quran to Quran (context) has the highest frequency in the types of interpretation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Identifying the mental patterns and perceptions of education providers about the commercialization of higher education in Iran: an application of Q methodology
hajar mansuori Ali yazdkhasty zahra sadeqiaraniPurpose: The research was carried out following the normalization of economic views and making money from education with the aim of investigating the mental patterns of education providers from the commercialization of education with Q methodology. Method: A targeted s MorePurpose: The research was carried out following the normalization of economic views and making money from education with the aim of investigating the mental patterns of education providers from the commercialization of education with Q methodology. Method: A targeted sample size of 60 faculty members of various universities in Isfahan city was selected. The data collection tool was a 66-item questionnaire taken from research literature and interviews with education experts. Q factor analysis was performed in SPSS software. Findings: There were five mental models of justices with a specific value of 31/946%, universally responsible people with a specific value of 12/247%, economic-oriented entrepreneurs with a specific value of 7/604, moralists with a specific value of 3/713 and culturalists with a specific value of 1/513% among the opinions of the participants. The mental model of justices considers the issue of educational justice and the right to public education to be essential. The mental model of inclusive responsibilities considered the issue of employment of graduates to be essential. The mental pattern of economy-oriented entrepreneurs was in complete contrast with other patterns with importance to economic issues and the effect of entrepreneurial universities on financial independence from the government, they were in favor of commercialization of education. The two models of moralists and culturalists had similar paradigms. Conclusion: The research introduces the dominant mental model and expresses the dimensions of opposition and agreement of the models, and the results can help policymakers in the strategies used in educational commercialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The methodology of cognition in transcendent wisdom
MohammadHossien Irandoost Eshagh Aban Cognition and knowledge have been the categories that allscholars and philosophers discuss and research on. In the methodology of cognition, one should pay attention to the main sources of the philosopher in achieving cognition. Mulla Sadra has a completely new m More Cognition and knowledge have been the categories that allscholars and philosophers discuss and research on. In the methodology of cognition, one should pay attention to the main sources of the philosopher in achieving cognition. Mulla Sadra has a completely new method and approach, and he does not completely reject or confirm any of his previous methods, including the method of recognizing peripatetics, enlightenment, mysticism, and theology, and he does not approve of these methods and their sources, including proof and revelation. In addition, the intuition has also been used, and it has provided a comprehensive, complete, and new analysis, and has laid a new horizon for the attainment of knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Screening and Optimization of Microextraction of Pb(II) by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Using Response Surface Methodology
Maryam Salahinejad Fereidoon Aflaki -
Open Access Article
43 - Production of Ethylene Glycol Diacetate Ester Using a Heterogeneous Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide Catalyst: Response Surface Methodology
Borna Bayat Kambiz Tahvildari Amin Bazyari Alireza Hemmati -
Open Access Article
44 - Ultrasonic Assisted Adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) Dye by Albizia Stem Bark Lebbeck Modified by Fe2 (MoO4)3 Nanocomposite Synthesis: Experimental Design Methodology
Shiva Enolghozati Nasrin Choobkar Elham Pournamdari Farzaneh Marahel -
Open Access Article
45 - Response Surface Methodology Modeling to Determine of Trace Amounts of Phenolic Compounds Using Silver Modified / Zero Valent Iron/ Fe3O4@G Nanocomposite
Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi Mohammad Reza Kashefi Alasl Mehran Davallo -
Open Access Article
46 - Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of condensed tannin from acron, gland, leaf and gall of oak using response surface methodology
Reza Tabaraki Alimohammad Safari Ali Yeganeh Faal -
Open Access Article
47 - Voltammetric Study of Cd2+ Complexation with some Compounds of Garlic
Mohammad Ali Kamyabi Fatemeh Soleymani-Bonoti Saeed Zakavi -
Open Access Article
48 - Removal of Benzyl Paraben from Wastewater Using Zeolitic Imidazolate-67 Modified by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with Response Surface Methodology
Mohammad Pourmohammad Arezoo Ghadi Ali Aghababai Beni -
Open Access Article
49 - The examination of varieties of repetition on Golchin Maani poems
Mahmoud SadeghzadehAhmad Golchi Maani, the contemporary poet & investigator (1295-1379) is one of the poems which has a special attention to repetition arrays mostly lead to increasing and elegance of his words tune. Repetition is the utilization of a word / words in a sentence or a MoreAhmad Golchi Maani, the contemporary poet & investigator (1295-1379) is one of the poems which has a special attention to repetition arrays mostly lead to increasing and elegance of his words tune. Repetition is the utilization of a word / words in a sentence or a distich more than once and it is also one of the characteristics of literary styles, it is more applied to literal rhetoric in order to accentuate, hamage and chastise. Although repetition is not pleasing on on ordinary speech, however it's used to litreture styles as an example on Golchin poems in order to speech arrays or according to the poem necessitiees. In this research aproaches and characteristics of Golchin's poems will be proceeded by analysing his complete poetical works. It is applied variety of repetitions as: phonemes, syllable, word, phrase, sentence and remarks on a ingeniously styles in Golchin's poems. He applied different kinds of repetition in order to make a word tune more than other factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigation and Optimization of EDM Milling and its Comparison with Die Sink EDM
Mahmoud Moradi Reza AbbasiRad Majid Ghoreishi Hadi Abdollahi Majid Rostami -
Open Access Article
51 - Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Bubble Departure Frequency for Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Pure Liquids on Flat Heater
Samane Hamzekhani Farhad Shahraki Davood Mohebi- kalhori Mohammad Reza Fardinpour -
Open Access Article
52 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uros Gasic Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui -
Open Access Article
53 - Department of Management, Parsabad Moghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad Moghan, Iran.
kheyrollah SarbolandThe aim of this study was to identify and understand the views and mental models of managers of government organizations on the factors influencing innovative work behavior. The research method is a type of mixed research the main idea is to know people's mindsets, view MoreThe aim of this study was to identify and understand the views and mental models of managers of government organizations on the factors influencing innovative work behavior. The research method is a type of mixed research the main idea is to know people's mindsets, views, opinions and attitudes about the phenomenon under study. The statistical population was all senior managers of government organizations in Tehran in 2020 The study sample consisted of 24 senior managers of government agencies in Tehran which were selected by targeted sampling method and obtained through in-depth interview of the discourse space and using their comments, the sample and options of Q and then the collection of Q were obtained. Q methodology was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis include identifying the factors that make up managers 'mindsets in line with innovative work behavior, as well as explaining managers' mindsets in this regard. The results show that examining opportunities, generating ideas, promoting ideas, realizing ideas, and reflecting on the five main mentalities of managers in the direction of innovative work behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Requesting in an EFL Institutional Context: Comparing and Contrasting WDCT, ODCT, and Role-Play with Natural Method
Rasoul Mohammad Hosseinpur Reza Bagheri Nevisi Abdolreza Lowni -
Open Access Article
55 - The Impact of a Custom-Made Vocabulary Application on the Vocabulary Recognition of Iranian EFL Learners
Faramarz Kazemainy Hamed Barjesteh Nassim Golaghaei Atefeh Nasrollahi Mouziraji -
Open Access Article
56 - Comparative Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Interpretation Method and Tabatabaei's
Hasan Vahhabpour Mohammad Hossein Saeini Farhad EdrisiBy considering the scientific, mystic and political personality of Imam Khomeini on the one hand, and the scientific and mystical character of Tabatabaei on the other hand, we are going to survey the view of two great persons as declared. The return to the Qur'an and th MoreBy considering the scientific, mystic and political personality of Imam Khomeini on the one hand, and the scientific and mystical character of Tabatabaei on the other hand, we are going to survey the view of two great persons as declared. The return to the Qur'an and the Muslim holy book is something that is well reflected in the interpretation and interpretive views of the interpreters. Research method in this paper is based on the writings and speeches of Imam Khomeini which has been investigated comparatively in Tabatabaeis' interpretation of Quran verses. By clarifying the views of Imam Khomeini and Tabatabaei, the importance of Quran in their social and personal life is revealed. Other verses of the Quran can be interpreted by using similar interpretation method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Exact Implementation of Multiple Initial Conditions in the DQ Solution of Higher-Order ODEs
S.A Eftekhari -
Open Access Article
58 - Typology of Experts' Attitudes on Constraints of Conservation Agriculture Development (A Q Methodology )
Shahpar Geravandi Fereshte Moradi Mohamad Hossein BabaeiIn recent years، conservation agriculture has emerged as a multidimensional approach to the sustainable use of water and soil resources and the achievement of sustainable development goals. Despite the efforts، development process of this approach is slow and faces many MoreIn recent years، conservation agriculture has emerged as a multidimensional approach to the sustainable use of water and soil resources and the achievement of sustainable development goals. Despite the efforts، development process of this approach is slow and faces many obstacles. In the present study، an attempt was made to examine the obstacles to the development of conservation agriculture from the mental dimension of the experts of the Research Center. The target population was the experts of Sararud Research Center in Kermanshah in 2019-2020 who were studied purposefully. In this regard, Q methodology was used. This method is one of the mixed research methods. Based on the findings of the Q-factor results، the number and manner of groupings show that the range of mindsets and opinions of experts regarding barriers to conservation agriculture have differences and similarities. Therefore، according to the purpose of studying Q and the criterion of interpretability of factors or groups, 5 categories (technology-centric، tradition-oriented، knowledge-centered, cognitive-centric, institution-centered) of the mentality and beliefs of experts in Sararud Research Center Kermanshah has been obtained. Each group had different mindsets and attitudes about barriers to the development of conservation agriculture. Given the prevailing mental model identified (central institution)، it is recommended that the government provide incentives and grants (loans، etc) to beneficiaries so that they can apply the method conservation agricultural farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Identifying the Factors Affecting the Selection of B2B Online Market Entry Strategies Using Soft System Methodology (Case Study: IT Industry knowledge-based companies)
Mohsen karami Abbas Ali Rastgar Adel Azar Davood Feiz Mohammad Rahim Esfidani -
Open Access Article
60 - Systematic Structuring of the Business Domain of Local Mobile Apps Stores Using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM)
Mohammad-Ali Valafar Naser Hamidi Mahmoud Alborzi SeyedJavad Iranban -
Open Access Article
61 - Novel TiO2 NPs Loaded on Activated Carbon as a Green and High Efficient Absorbent: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of the Adsorption of Bismarck Brown and Thymol Blue from Aaqueous Solutions
Saideh Bagheri Hossein Aghaei Mehrorang Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
62 - A Study on the Role of Nanosilica Seeds on the Synthesis of Silica Colloids
Fatemeh Kholghi Seyed Mojtaba Zebarjad Elham Katoueizadeh Habib Daneshmanesh -
Open Access Article
63 - RSM in Analysis of Energy Absorption of thin-walled conical groove tubes filled with polyurethane foam
بتول سرکبیری علی جهان محمد جواد رضوانیAbstractEnergy absorbers are used in various – especially in the automotive – industries as a solution to reduce the damages stroke on the passengers, and to enhance automobile safety. Nowadays, thin-walled tubes as one of the most efficient energy absorptio MoreAbstractEnergy absorbers are used in various – especially in the automotive – industries as a solution to reduce the damages stroke on the passengers, and to enhance automobile safety. Nowadays, thin-walled tubes as one of the most efficient energy absorption systems have found increasing applications. In this study, energy absorption parameters is performed to investigate the impacts of designing variables related to thin-walled conical groove tubes using finite element analysis. However, since the output of these studies depends to methods of designing computational experiments, the design of experiments technique (DOE) is used in this study along with the finite element analysis. For this purpose a conical aluminium tube filled with polyurethane foam is simulated that the grooves are designed with a given distance on the inside and outside surfaces under quasi-static load. Objectives of the design include the specific energy absorption e (SEA), and designing variables including conical angle, grooves distance, foam density, groove depth, and tube thickness. response surface methodology (RSM) showed that the tube thickness foam density, groove depth and grooves distance, respectively and linearly relate to the amount of specific energy absorption These results can be helpful in the design of thin-walled tubes with different conical geometries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigation of energy absorption in shock absorbers of grooved circular using response surface
شیما شهروی محمد جواد رضوانی علی جهانThe main objective of this research is improving the design and performance of the polyurethane foam-filled thin-walled aluminum grooved circular tubes. The tubes are shaped with the inner and the outer circular grooves at different positions along the axis. In this stu MoreThe main objective of this research is improving the design and performance of the polyurethane foam-filled thin-walled aluminum grooved circular tubes. The tubes are shaped with the inner and the outer circular grooves at different positions along the axis. In this study, the effects of the grooves distance, tube diameter, grooves depth, foam density, and tube thickness are investigated on the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) of grooved circular tubes. finite-element analysis (FEA) and response surface methodology (RSM) is carried out for crush force efficiency. Finite-element analysis is performed with design of experiments technique (DOE) at the different combinations of the design parameters. The results of RSM indicate that SEA is related to the grooves distance, tube diameter, tube thickness of the groove and groove depth, by a quadratic model. Moreover, the effects of the interaction between the grooves distance - the foam density and the grooves distance - the tube diameter on the SEA was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Adding Fault Tolerance to MaSE Methodology for Multi-Agent Systems
Mohammad Hossein DavarpourMany software applications today are designed based on multi-agent concept. These applications which need to work non-stop and continuos for a long period are prone to errors. Therefore, they are required to be fault tolerant as much as possible. Most of fault-tolerant MoreMany software applications today are designed based on multi-agent concept. These applications which need to work non-stop and continuos for a long period are prone to errors. Therefore, they are required to be fault tolerant as much as possible. Most of fault-tolerant methods provided for multi-agent systems are based on replicating the number of agents which leads to more complexity in these systems. In this paper we used task replication along with increasing numbers of agents in MaSE methodology to have a reliable architecture with high fault tolerante capability for multi-agent systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Supporting Security in Software Development Phases for Prometheus Methodology
Mohammad Hossein Davarpour Mohammad AhmadiniaWhile security is a key feature in development of complex softwares and multi-agent systems, there are few works around this subject, especially in adding security to agent-oriented software methodologies. This paper adds an extention to Prometheus methodology so it can MoreWhile security is a key feature in development of complex softwares and multi-agent systems, there are few works around this subject, especially in adding security to agent-oriented software methodologies. This paper adds an extention to Prometheus methodology so it can cover security concerns in different phases of agent-oriented software development. To this end, we define the required security concepts and then integrate them in different phases of Prometheus methodology. The functionality of this extention is explained using a HMIS as a case study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Design And Numerical Analysis of Propeller for Khazar Dredger
احد عابدینی سهیل اسدیIn this article, using a central composite design response surface methodology is that design of the optimal propeller geometry for khazar dredger will be discussed. B_Wageningen standard series is designed propeller-type licenses. To verify the performance and Check no MoreIn this article, using a central composite design response surface methodology is that design of the optimal propeller geometry for khazar dredger will be discussed. B_Wageningen standard series is designed propeller-type licenses. To verify the performance and Check non-occurrence of cavitation ,the propeller designed using Computational Fluid Dynamics, numerical modeling and compare with B_Wageningen series. The results show the ability of response surface methodology in finding the optimal geometry propeller. Numerical solution of fluid flow, to prove non-occurrence of cavitation in the propeller designed for kazar dredger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Bioethanol production from starch by glucose cerevisiae assessed with Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Ali Kazemi mohamad sadegh davari mahsa shokri foad naeem abadi mosareza mohamadiSaccaromyces cerevisiae has many different uses such as baker's yeast and bioethanol production. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a complex of statistical techniques for experimental model creation. In this study was done to determination of optimal condition of bi MoreSaccaromyces cerevisiae has many different uses such as baker's yeast and bioethanol production. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a complex of statistical techniques for experimental model creation. In this study was done to determination of optimal condition of bioethanol production from starch by yeast using RSM. Initially saccaromyces cerevisiae was proliferated on agar then by α-amylase, dextranase and amyloglucosidase respectively, then starch 5% was hydrolyzed to glucose. 250 cc glucose was put at 30 C° and velocity of 150 rpm for 36 h. Bioethanol quantity was evaluated by dichromate oxidation and ethanol measurement methods and temperature, time and pH variables were considered at 25-98 C°, 1 to 6 weeks and 3 to7, respectively. The highest bioethanol production was 12.5 ml at 30 C°, pH 4 also at 80 C°, pH 7 for 5 weeks. The lowest bioethanol production was 3 ml at 98 C°, pH 7 for 1 week which was practically compatible. Regarding the results, RSM method has many benefits such as increase in efficiency of chemical reactions, prevention of wasting raw material, time, money and energy which could use in different biological reactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The degree of effectiveness of teaching methodology in higher education on the promotion of entrepreneurship behavior from university faculty points of view
farzaneh vasefiyan mohammadjavad liyaghatdarThe present study aims to study the degree of effectiveness of teaching methodology in higher education on the promotion of entrepreneurship behavior from university faculty and university students points of view at Isfahan University, Isfahan technology College, Arts f MoreThe present study aims to study the degree of effectiveness of teaching methodology in higher education on the promotion of entrepreneurship behavior from university faculty and university students points of view at Isfahan University, Isfahan technology College, Arts faculty, and Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch. It is an applied study and uses a survey-descriptive research method. Data gathering instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.98. The construct validity of the questionnaire was determined using factor analysis with varimax rotation. The content validity was confirmed by the supervisor and the guide of the study and five experts at universities. The statistical sample of the study was 365 students and 282 university lecturers and professors at the universities. The sample was selected through proportional stratified sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistics was carried out using SPSS. The results showed that based on students’ and lecturers’ viewpoints, teaching methods (question and answer, lecture, project, group discussion) had an effect less than average on the entrepreneurship behavior factors(promoting individual capabilities, promoting communication skills, strategies to face change, researching). It was p≤ 0/001. The responses were also analyzed in terms of gender, group, years at university, and scientific rank of the respondents. The results showed that there were significant differences among respondents’ views on the effectiveness of question and answer (as a factor increasing communication skills), lecturing(as a factor promoting individual capabilities, promoting communication skills, strategies to face change), project( as a factor affecting all) in terms ofuniversity, years at university, programs(i.e. B.A/S, M.A/S, Ph.D.), and departments Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Elicitative Psycholinguistic Tasks for EFL/ESL Research: A Literature Review
Sedigheh Golmohammadi -
Open Access Article
71 - Modeling and Solution Procedure for a Preemptive Multi-Objective Multi-Mode Project Scheduling Model in Resource Investment Problems
Mostafa Salimi Amir Abbas Najafi -
Open Access Article
72 - An Efficient Economic-Statistical Design of Simple Linear Profiles Using a Hybrid Approach of Data Envelopment Analysis, Taguchi Loss Function, and MOPSO
Maryam Fazelimoghadam Mohammad Javad Ershadi Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki -
Open Access Article
73 - Reliability Modelling of the Redundancy Allocation Problem in the Series-parallel Systems and Determining the System Optimal Parameters
Mani Sharifi Mohsen Yaghoubizadeh -
Open Access Article
74 - A comparative study of qualitative content analysis and hermeneutics
Tahmoureth Shiri Neda AzimiThis paper is a comparative study of qualitative content analysis and hermeneutics in which it is tried to compare these two analytical methods and find similarities and differences in a specified comparative format. This study is a case criticism carried by documents a MoreThis paper is a comparative study of qualitative content analysis and hermeneutics in which it is tried to compare these two analytical methods and find similarities and differences in a specified comparative format. This study is a case criticism carried by documents and the results of it show that, despite the similarities of the two methods, there are significant differences between them both from ontological and methodological points of view. In qualitative content analysis, there is an attempt to adopt an analytical-constructive approach to using qualitative and phased methods by which overt and covert contents of a text to be discovered. But in hermeneutics, there is an attempt to adopt a holistic-combinatory approach and using propositional arguments by which the hidden content of a text to be discovered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - ویژگیهای یک معلم زبان انگلیسی کارآمد از دیدگاه دانشجویان پسر و دختر
رویا زمانی سعیده آهنگریهدف از این تحقیق بررسی ویژگیهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی کارآمد براساس چهار رده شامل مهارت انگلیسی، دانش آموزشی، مهارتهای سازماندهی و ارتباطی و مهارتهای اجتماعی-نفسانی بوده که از طریق پرسشنامه بین دانشجویان دختر وپسر رشته زبان انگلیسی و مترجمی انجام شد.نقش های محوری مع Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی ویژگیهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی کارآمد براساس چهار رده شامل مهارت انگلیسی، دانش آموزشی، مهارتهای سازماندهی و ارتباطی و مهارتهای اجتماعی-نفسانی بوده که از طریق پرسشنامه بین دانشجویان دختر وپسر رشته زبان انگلیسی و مترجمی انجام شد.نقش های محوری معلمان ممکن است در گرایش و انگیزه به یادگیری زبان آموزان تاثیرگذار باشد. جهت بهبود (پیشرفت) رشته آموزش و یادگیری زبان خارجی نیاز به بهبود ویژگیهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی میباشد.یک پرسشنامه که براساس چهار رده که دربالا ذکرشد بین شصت زبان آموز در دانشگاه آزاد تبریز توزیع گردید.اطلاعات بدست آمده بطور آماری تجزیه تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که دانش آموزان انتظار دارند که یک معلم زبان انگلیسی خوب این خصوصیات را که شامل توانایی برقراری روابط مناسب با دانش آموزان، توانایی ایجاد اعتماد به نفس در دانش اموزان و توانایی برقراری انضباط در کلاس میباشد را بعنوان مهمترین خصوصیات دارا باشد. از نظرجنسیت شرکت کنندگان در این تحقیق، تفاوت قابل ملاحظه ای بین نظرات دانشجویان دختر وپسر در خصوص ویژگیهای یک معلم زبان انگلیسی کارآمد یافت نشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Reason of Usul Science from the Perspective of Imam Khomeini (General Method of Ijtihad in Usul Science)
Mostafa Hamedani Usul science is a knowledge to study reasons of fiqh and to represent the rules of inference in fiqh. But there are very important questions about methodology of Usul science. What are reasons of Usul science? What rules does Usul science argue? Res More Usul science is a knowledge to study reasons of fiqh and to represent the rules of inference in fiqh. But there are very important questions about methodology of Usul science. What are reasons of Usul science? What rules does Usul science argue? Response to these questions explains the foundations of production, development, refinement, critique and evaluation in Usul science. So the current study aims to draw an inference from Imam Khomeini's original works and opinions, so reasons of Usul science can be investigted in a case study from his perspective. In this study, the rules of reasoning are summerized in each problem of Usul science and then common patterns that are subjected to inductive method in these cases are defined. Consequently, general pattern is achieved from methods of Usul reasoning. This pattern has nine reasons: lexical analysis that refers toanalysis of word’s first meaning that comes to mind; conventional analysis comes in 3 forms: rational analysis (rational method), generalization (speech refers to common noun and thing) or performance analysis of conventional masters; innate understanding that does not need theoretical reasoning because it itself is reason; rational reasoning that is argumentation based on philosophical wisdom; narrative reason that includes narratives of infallibles; hybrid reason comes in two forms: rational – narrative reason and rational – literal reason. In addition to extracting this inductive pattern, the current study does not ignore the explanation of each reason’s quiddity, their dimensions and pathological discussion around them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Thermal stability optimization of the Soybean oil affected by thymus daenensis Celak essential oil by use of response surface methodology
M. Eghbalian Rad A. A. Sari A. Daraei GarmakhanyOxidative stability of oils and fats was affected by various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes. The use of synthetic antioxidant for preventing oxidative deterioration, despite having high performance, due to the possibility of toxicity and car MoreOxidative stability of oils and fats was affected by various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes. The use of synthetic antioxidant for preventing oxidative deterioration, despite having high performance, due to the possibility of toxicity and carcinogenicity, has been under question. The aim of this study was to optimize the thermal stability of soybean oil by the addition ofThymus daenensis Celakessential oil. In this study soybean oil was treated under various conditions of frying temperature (150, 170 and 190 °C), frying time (0, 6 and 12 h) and Thymus daenensis Celak essential oil concentrations (0, 400 and 800 ppm) and different quality attributes of samples such as the acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, polar compounds, and conjugated diene value were studied. Results showed that Thymus essential oil due to containing different phenolic compounds increased the thermal stability of soybean oil significantly (p<0.05). The results of the acidic value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid, and polar compounds in fried oil samples for 12 hours at 190 °C showed that the addition of essential oil of thyme oil keeps the quality of fried oil after 12 hours frying at 190 °C. This study shows that essential oils can be a good alternative for synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Thermal processing optimization of honey using physicochemical properties and hydroxymethylfurfural content
S. Seyyedi Mansoor L. Roufegari-NejadHydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the compounds formed due to the heat treatment and storage of honey and the maximum level of HMF in honey have been set in 40 ppm under codex standards. In this study, the effects of heating temperature (55, 65 and 75 °C), heati MoreHydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the compounds formed due to the heat treatment and storage of honey and the maximum level of HMF in honey have been set in 40 ppm under codex standards. In this study, the effects of heating temperature (55, 65 and 75 °C), heating duration (10, 20 and 30 min) as well as storage temperature (25 and 40 °C) were assayed during the three months of storage, based on response surface methodology. The effect of the above-mentioned variables on physicochemical properties (Lab color factors, pH, and moisture) and HMF content (based on spectrophotometric technique) of the samples was studied. Prediction model of each treatment was calculated. The outcomes during the 45 and 90 days of storage were analyzed. Results showed that temperature, time of heat treatment and storage duration had no effect on pH, moisture content, and color; while storage temperature had a significant effect on L* and a*. HMF content was affected by of all the variables so that its rate was increased significantly with increasing thermal process and storage time. Among the studied samples, HMF content was exceeded the standard limit in the sample heated at 75 °C for 20 min and kept at 40 °C for 90 days. The optimal level of HMF resulted by heating at 55 °C for 10 min and under the storage temperature of 25 °C for 45 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Washback Effects of the New Iranian TEFL Ph.D. Program Entrance Exam on EFL Instructors’ Teaching Methodology, Class Assessment, and Syllabus Design: A Qualitative Scrutiny
Reza Rezvani Ali SayyadiGiven the significance and sensitivity of the Iranian Ph.D. program entrance exams, such high-stakes exams are assumed to exert considerable influence on Iranian public higher educational curriculums. The present study was motivated to scrutinize the EFL instructors&rsq MoreGiven the significance and sensitivity of the Iranian Ph.D. program entrance exams, such high-stakes exams are assumed to exert considerable influence on Iranian public higher educational curriculums. The present study was motivated to scrutinize the EFL instructors’ insights to explore the potential washback effects of the new Iranian TEFL Ph.D. program entrance exam on their teaching methodology, class assessment, and syllabus design. To this end, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews with ten experienced instructors teaching M.A. courses at four Iranian universities. The results emerging from the close qualitative content analysis of the respondents’ introspection indicated that the new exam, despite its considerable significance, fails to generate substantial effects on the instructors’ teaching methodology and class assessment due to the inconsistency between the objectives supposed to be met by the new exam administration and those expected to be achieved in TEFL M.A. and Ph.D. programs. Further, it was revealed that the new exam, on the contrary, substantially influences the instructors’ syllabus design through conditioning their material and content selection. This study further discusses the implications of the findings in the context of Iranian TEFL higher education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Identifying and Categorizing the Mental Model of Human Resource Experts Regarding the Drivers of Human Capital Engagement Development Using the Q Methodology
Ehsan Namdar joyami Seyed Aligholi Roshan Nour Mohammad Yaghoubi Badredin Orai YazdaniThe drivers of human capital engagement development are the factors influencing the processes, events, actions, and images that produce distinct results and consequences for the concept of engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify and categorize the drivers MoreThe drivers of human capital engagement development are the factors influencing the processes, events, actions, and images that produce distinct results and consequences for the concept of engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify and categorize the drivers of development of human capital commitment and the views of human resource experts about the drivers of human capital commitment. To this end, the Q methodology was employed. First, the related literature and research background were reviewed and then, based on the documents, interviews and questionnaires from 12 experts, the phrase Q (49 phrases) was formed. In the next step, human resources and academic experts were asked to categorize the Q statements on the agreed-upon, opposite, and abstracted axes in the form of a six-choice spectrum of 6+ to -6. Then, based on the inferential statistics (factor analysis) using SPSS software, the data were analyzed and categorized into different mental patterns, and finally, three mental patterns were identified. Based on the results, it can be stated that the Q statements obtained are capable and comprehensive. Therefore, it has an accepted and approved narrative. In this study, re-test was used to confirm the reliability. In this way, at least 20% of the sample subjects, that is, three people (12 experts in total) were tested twice, and the correlation coefficient obtained was 82% (0.82), which indicates a high level of reliability. The mentalities obtained based on the order of importance are: first pattern: leadership and personal and identity development; third pattern: structural, process and procedural; and second pattern: management and organizational resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Factors Affecting the Surface Roughness in UVaSPIF Process Using Response Surface Methodology
Mehdi Vahdati Ramezanali Mahdavinejad Saeid Amini Mahmoud Moradi -
Open Access Article
82 - Dissimilar resistance spot welding of AISI 1075 eutectoid steel to AISI 201 stainless steel
Mehdi Safari Hossein Mostaan -
Open Access Article
83 - Synthesis of nano-structured sphene and mechanical properties optimization of its scaffold via response surface methodology
Amirmostafa Amirjani Masoud Hafezi Ali Zamanian Mana Yasaee Noor Azuan Abu Osman -
Open Access Article
84 - Optimization of inulin extraction from Cynara scolymus L. root using response surface methodology (RSM)
Mohammad Mohsenzadeh Jalal Ehsani Morteza Khomeiri azem Ghasem NejadInulin is a low digestable or indigestible fiber which is found in various plants. Inulin amount ranging from 1% in Banana to more than 15% in Chicory roots changing. It has a positive impact on the composition of the intestinal flora, mineral absorption, blood lipid co MoreInulin is a low digestable or indigestible fiber which is found in various plants. Inulin amount ranging from 1% in Banana to more than 15% in Chicory roots changing. It has a positive impact on the composition of the intestinal flora, mineral absorption, blood lipid composition and prevents colon cancer. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is one of the most important sources of inulin. The aim of the present study was extraction of inulin from artichoke root and optimization of extraction conditions to achieve the highest extraction efficiency. For this purpose, the artichoke roots were collected from the research stead of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in september 2015 and inulin extraction with using of warm water solvent and response surface methodology (RSM)and central composite design (CCD) was performed. Response surface methodology in comparison to voluminous methods such as full factorial is preferred. In this technique for optimization of inulin extraction process, three variables extraction time (35-65 min), extraction temperature (55-95 °C) and the ratio of water to the roots (3:1 to 9:1)as independent variables were considered and their effect on the extraction efficiency of inulin were examined. After performing experiments, linear, 2FI and quadratic models on the inulin extraction yield were evaluated, also lack of fit test, coefficient of determination (R2)and Adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adjusted) for investigation the adequacy of the model were calculated. Study of the lack of fit test as well as R2 and R2adjusted values were showed the suitability of quadratic model. This model was used to find the best condition of extraction process with maximum efficiency. Results showed that the optimum condition for extraction of inulin with highest extraction yield (8.01%) related to temperature (95 °C), time (35.67 min) and ratio of water to root (9:1) with desirability of (92%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Optimization of Effective Parameters in Essential Oil Extraction of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer Seed Using Response Surface Methodology
محمد فتاحی maryam rezapoorAbstract In the recent years use of plant essential oils (EOs) in the food and medicine industry is increasing. So, the aim of this study was to optimize effective factors for maximizing essential oil yield and evaluation of its composition under the optimal conditions. MoreAbstract In the recent years use of plant essential oils (EOs) in the food and medicine industry is increasing. So, the aim of this study was to optimize effective factors for maximizing essential oil yield and evaluation of its composition under the optimal conditions. The effect of different parameters including different amounts of plant (X1), extraction time of essential oils (X2) and particle size of seeds obtained with mesh (X3) on three levels (1, 0, 1-) as independent variable to optimize essential oil percentage as dependent variables were evaluated using response surface methodology. The seeds of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer were collected from Ayalono area (East Azerbaijan) in August 2015. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and were identified by GC/MS. ANOVA analysis results and experimental error for the RSM model were showed that the predicted model for the essential oil percentage was significantly accurate (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Esterification of Waste Cooking Oil Followed by Transesterification by CaO Nanoparticles: Application of Taguchi Methodology
Ali Shokuhi Rad Poyesh Mehdipour Ali Vaziri Ali Mirabi Ehsan Binaeian -
Open Access Article
87 - Response surface methodology analysis of the photocatalytic removal of Methylene Blue using a new Cu(II)-MOF
Zahra Mohseni nik Majid Ramezani Saeed Jamehbozorgi Tahere Momeni EsfahaniA novel metal–organic framework (MOF), with the formula [Cu(II)L]n (L= 4, 4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone), has been synthesized conventionally and hydrothermally methods and characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, EDX, and SEM techniques. The results MOFs were applied for photodegra MoreA novel metal–organic framework (MOF), with the formula [Cu(II)L]n (L= 4, 4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone), has been synthesized conventionally and hydrothermally methods and characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, EDX, and SEM techniques. The results MOFs were applied for photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB). The influence of affecting variables, such as initial MB dye concentration (2–8mg L−1), Cu(II)-MOF mass (0.01–0.03 mg), pH (3.0–9.0), and time of irradiation (30–90 min). The photocatalytic degradation efficiency was investigated by the central composite design (CCD) methodology. The results of CCD analysis for optimum values of variables revealed that Cu(II)-MOF mass was 0.025g, the initial concentration of MB was 3.51 mg L−1, pH was 4.50 and irradiation time was 75 min.Under the optimum conditions, the photocatalytic MB degradation percentage at the desirability function value of 1.0 was found to be 70%. In addition, the obtained R2 value of 0.97 in the regression analysis showed a high photocatalytic efficiency of the proposed method for MB degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Application of response surface methodology for optimization of fluoride adsorption from aqueous solution using MgO-based nanocomposites
Abbas Rahdar Somayeh Rahdar laili Mohammadi Saiedeh Sistani Shabnam Ahmadi Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan -
Open Access Article
89 - Preparation of Ag Loaded WO3 Nano Rod and Its Highly Efficient Degradation of Flumequine under Sunlight Irradiation
Somayeh Saleh Fekr Mehdi Ardjmand Reza Fazaeli Mehdi Rafizadeh -
Open Access Article
90 - Application of response surface methodology for optimization of fluoride adsorption from aqueous solution using MgO-based nanocomposites
Somayeh Rahdar Leili Mohammadi Abbas Rahdar Shahin Ahmadi Saeideh Sistani Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan -
Open Access Article
91 - Photo Degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution by a new Cu(II)-MOF based on diaminodiphenyl sulfone ligand through response surface methodology (RSM)
Zahra Moseni nik Saeed Jamehbozorgi Majid Ramezani Tahere Momeni Esfahani -
Open Access Article
92 - Mediated Learning Experience as a Multi-Dimensional Approach in ELT: A Meticulous and Elaborate Taxonomy
Effat Hadidi Zavareh Abdollah Baradaran Bahram Mowlaie -
Open Access Article
93 - Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Process Parameters to Achieve Maximum Mechanical Properties Using Response Surface Methodology
Ali Hasanabadi Hossein Afshari Seyyed Mohammad Bagher MirafzaliIn this study, the researchers investigated the impact of various parameters, including layer raster angle, infill extrusion width, and layer height, on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus of polylactic acid printed samples. T MoreIn this study, the researchers investigated the impact of various parameters, including layer raster angle, infill extrusion width, and layer height, on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus of polylactic acid printed samples. To reduce experimental costs, the Box-Behnken method was employed along with response surface methodology using Minitab software to establish the relationship between input and output variables. The results of the tension test indicated that the raster angle had a significant impact on all three properties. Furthermore, the regression equations showed that changes in infill extrusion width and layer height had a strong effect on tensile strength but had a less significant impact on elongation and Young's modulus. The optimal output parameters were determined to be 38.67 MPa tensile strength, 3.42% elongation, and 1117.47 MPa Young's modulus using input parameters of 10 degree raster angle, 170% infill extrusion width, and 0.2 mm layer height. The study validated the results obtained through experimental testing and concluded that the response surface methodology could predict part properties with high accuracy (less than 6% error) based on input parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Historical Trend of Writing "al-Mowzuat" Books in Shiite Hadith: A Case Study of the Validation of AbuHurayrah Hadiths in the Scale of Criticism of Sharafuddin al-Āmilī
Feyzollah Akbari DastakTradition, as the second brilliant source of Islamic theology during its existance, has always been exposed to serious and dangerous harms and threats, the main root of which should be its various and effective and unique capacities and functions in explaining and moder MoreTradition, as the second brilliant source of Islamic theology during its existance, has always been exposed to serious and dangerous harms and threats, the main root of which should be its various and effective and unique capacities and functions in explaining and modernizing the basic knowledge of Islam in the fields of insight, value, and action. According to history, the approach of the phenomenon of fabricating and forging hadiths should be considered as one of the most important and damaging harms to the body of Islamic hadiths, in which some people, intentionally and with the motive of distorting and intentionally damaging religious foundations, fabricate hadith. The hadith scholars of the two Islamic sects, in different periods, by defining several methods and criteria, criticized and refined the documents and texts of the narrations, and extracted and purified the hadiths of the subject on their agenda, including Allama Sheikh Sharafuddin Ameli, who wrote the book. Abu Hurayrah, with a scholarly, innovative and non-biased approach, and has criticized the Isnads and texts of a number of selected Abu Hurayrah narrations by applying the seven criteria of Quran, Sunnah, authentic hadiths, intellect, history, science and natural laws as well as the problems within the text, He has proved the falsity of all of his narrations. The present article seeks to explain the methods and criteria of Allama Sharafuddin Ameli in criticizing the hadiths of Abu Hurayrah in the above-mentioned book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Identifying fanatical consumers’ mental models toward luxurious brands
Ramin Bagheri مهدی نعیمی نظام آباد Abdolaziz PaghehThe objective of this research is to identify the fanatical consumers’ mental model toward luxurious brands. The present research is the exploratory mixed method and is conducted through Q methodology. The statistical population of this research is the consumers o MoreThe objective of this research is to identify the fanatical consumers’ mental model toward luxurious brands. The present research is the exploratory mixed method and is conducted through Q methodology. The statistical population of this research is the consumers of luxurious designer watches. Statistical samples will be questioned adequately and meaningfully based on theoretical saturation and six experts dominant on this issue will be interviewed and 38 fanatical customers of luxury watch brands in Gorgan have been selected to order purposive sampling method. Factor analysis was done through SPSS software, and as a result, the fanatical consumers’ mental model consists of four types of devoted, deceitful, pleasure seeking and dysfunctional, which totally explained about 79 percent of total variance of the opinions. The devoted fanatical consumers were the dominant pattern of this research. Finally, some practical suggestions have been offered for each of these mental models to be used by owners of luxurious brands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Optimization of the Orang Pigment Production by monascus purpureus from Date Waste Using Response Surface Methodology
Fatemeh Bakhshi Mahshid JahadiPigments produced by Monascus spp. can be used as food grade biocolorant and are preferred over the synthetic variants which elicit various adverse effects. Monascus purpureus PTCC 5303 has been investigated in the present study for orang pigment production employing su MorePigments produced by Monascus spp. can be used as food grade biocolorant and are preferred over the synthetic variants which elicit various adverse effects. Monascus purpureus PTCC 5303 has been investigated in the present study for orang pigment production employing submerged fermentation. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the three significant medium components (date sugar concentration (20-60 g/l), salt (6-12%) and pH (6-9)). According to the response surface point prediction analysis, date sugar concentration of 20 g/l, NaCl 6% with 9 pH of medium could give maximum orang pigment yield up to 6.7 OD. Under optimized experimental conditions, a maximum yield of orang pigment, biomass productivity, substrate conversion and productivity of orang pigment production were 6.24±0.05 (OD),7.2 (g/l), 82 (%) and 5.36 (g/l.day), respectively. From the results of this study, date waste can be used as a low cost substrate for the production of orang pigment in large scale studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Antioxidant Effect optimization of ethanol extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and comparison with synthetic antioxidant (BHT)
الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا BeyzaeiVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their MoreVarious factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their toxicity and carcinogenic probability. This study aims to optimize the oxidant performance of an ethanolic extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and compare it with synthetic antioxidants (BHT). In this study, Cirsium vulgare extract was extracted under the influence of concentration (100-300 ppm), duration hours and temperatures . After performing different experiments on the extraction of the best extraction conditions, the best extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology and extraction in optimum conditions. Data analysis was carried out. The results of the optimization process showed that the oxidative stability of oil showed that; time 24.0 min and concentration 100/01temperature 44/745 were determined. Results showed that the optimum sample of Cirsium vulgare in the stability of soybean oil during storage time was more effective than synthetic antioxidant (BHT), due to higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant present in the optimized sample of Cirsium vulgare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The effect of rice flour on survival of Lactobacillus paracasei in fruit yoghurt and its qualitative properties with response surface methodology
Farnaz Nabizadeh Paniz ZinsazIn this study the effect of rice flour on survival of lactobacillus paracasei and qualitative properties of fruit yogurt was investigated during storage, using response surface method (RSM). For this, rice flour in three ranges of (0, 1.5 and 3%) was added to the milk. MoreIn this study the effect of rice flour on survival of lactobacillus paracasei and qualitative properties of fruit yogurt was investigated during storage, using response surface method (RSM). For this, rice flour in three ranges of (0, 1.5 and 3%) was added to the milk. Then the milk and was pasteurized in 85ºC for 15 minutes. After cooling, yoghurt starter culture and probiotic bacterium inoculated in 43 ºC and added into sterile containers containing 15% peach puree. The samples were incubated in 42 ºC until reaching pH 4.6 ±0.1. Then the samples were cooled down to 4 ºC and refrigerated in the same temperature until experiment day. Survival of lactobacillus paracasei, pH, amount of moisture, acidity, syneresis and apparent viscosity and sensory properties were investigated in three periods of (1, 11 and 21 days). The statistical analysis of the results showed that with increasing of rice flour, lactobacillus paracasei count increased and decreased during storage (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - کاهش نیتریت در سوسیس با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ و بکارگیری اسانس مرزه ی بختیاری و پودر گوجه
بنفشه محمدی نفیسه جهانبخشیان مریم جعفریBackground & Aim: The use of synthetic additives is one of the main approaches for preventing microbial growth and oxidative reactions in meat products. These preservatives were recently marked as unhealthy to humans; therefore, the consumers demand for fresh, natur MoreBackground & Aim: The use of synthetic additives is one of the main approaches for preventing microbial growth and oxidative reactions in meat products. These preservatives were recently marked as unhealthy to humans; therefore, the consumers demand for fresh, natural, and negligibly processed products with lower content of artificial additives is increasing.Experimental: The effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil (EO) and tomato powder (TP) to optimize sausage formulation with reduced nitrite content was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of different levels of EO (200-400 ppm), TP (5-15%) as Hurdles, and sodium nitrite (SN) (0-300 ppm) in sausage formulation during storage (0- 24 days). Dependent variables including residual nitrite, pH, color indices, microbial load, and hardness were investigated and finally model optimization and validation were conducted.Results: The results showed that residual nitrite was strongly depending on initial added nitrite and storage time (p<0.001), so the use of nitrite substituent was undeniable to have an improved sausage formulation without microbial defect. RSM represented a quadratic model for all responses except in texture which was linear and the pH and microbial load showed interaction. The optimized predicted values for SN, EO and TP were 56 ppm, 378 ppm and 5%, respectively. The model validation revealed that the results of the experiments were in good agreement with the predicted values.Recommended applications/industries: The results of the present study can be useful for consideration in meat products industry to reduce the nitrite level in sausage formulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - استخراج روغن کنجد با کمک امواج فراصوت
حسن غزالی وردنجانی سمیه تقیان مهدی عمو حیدریمقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمیترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمیترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژهای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد Moreمقدمه و هدف: کنجد یکی از قدیمیترین گیاهان کشت شده در جهان و یکی از قدیمیترین محصولات روغنی مورد استفاده بشر است. روغن کنجد به عنوان یک روغن صنعتی،خوراکی و دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژهای است. امروزه استفاده از امواج فراصوت با توجه به اثرات مؤثر آن در نگهداری و فرآیند مواد غذایی گسترش قابل توجهای یافته است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق از مدل آماری سطح پاسخ به منظور بررسی اثرات دو متغیر نسبت دانه به حلال و زمان استخراج باامواج فراصوت بر متغیرهای وابسته شامل راندمان استخراج، عدد پراکسید، عدد 2-تیوباربیتوریک اسید، فاکتورهای رنگ سنجی و نوع و میزان اسیدهای چرب موجود در روغن استحصالی استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد افزایش نسبت حلال به دانه و زمان استخراج با امواج فراصوت دارای اثر آماری معنیداری (01/0 P ≤)بر افزایش راندمان استخراج بودند. شرایط عملیاتی بهینه برای فرآیند استخراج جهت حصول بیشینه راندمان شامل زمان استخراج 55 دقیقه و نسبت دانه به حلال 25/0 تعیین شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مقاله نشان داد که فرایند استخراج اولتراسونیک نسبت به زمان مشابه استخراج با روش سوکسله، بازده بیشتری حاصل نمود. همچنین نتایج حاکی از آن بود که امواج فراصوت تأثیر نامطلوبی روی رنگ روغن استخراج شده نداشت و در شرایطی حتی باعث بهبود رنگ روغن استحصالی نیز شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by nano bismuth oxide: Process modeling by response surface methodology (RSM)
Seyed Ali Hosseini Ramin Saeedi -
Open Access Article
102 - Oxalic acid dihydrate catalyzed synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one derivatives under thermal and solvent-free conditions
Farzaneh Mohamad Pour Malek Taher Maghsoodlou Reza Heydari Mojtaba Lashkari -
Open Access Article
103 - Optimization of main parameters affecting activity and octane number produced from catalytic isomerization of n-heptane using response surface methodology
Nastaran Parsafard -
Open Access Article
104 - IMPORTANT ISSUES IN MULTIPLE RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION
محمد طالقانی -
Open Access Article
105 - The Effects of Sugar Beet Pulp with Tallow and Soybean Oil on Broiler Chicken Performance and Jejunum Morphology
F. Aziz-Aliabadi A. Hassanabadi A. Golian S. Zerehdaran H. Noruzi -
Open Access Article
106 - Bayesian Estimates of Genetic Relationships between Growth Curve Parameters in Shall Sheep via Gibbs Sampling
ن. قوی حسین-زاده -
Open Access Article
107 - Identification and Prioritization of Effective Factors on Satisfaction of Old Residents from the Physical Changes Intensity (Case study: Azadi Town, Ardabil)
Bahareh Salmanian Tohid Hatami Khanghahi vahid vaziriNowadays, due to changes in social, economic and cultural conditions of society, can be seen rapid physical changes in some of the old areas of cities. Most of the old residents of neighborhoods have more attachment to the place because of long-time residence in there a MoreNowadays, due to changes in social, economic and cultural conditions of society, can be seen rapid physical changes in some of the old areas of cities. Most of the old residents of neighborhoods have more attachment to the place because of long-time residence in there and they are more attached to the place, so neglect of their viewpoints, causes to decrease the level of satisfaction and diminishes the residents’ emotional bond with the place and ultimately leads to weaken the neighborhood relations.The purpose of this research is to pay attention to the mentality of old residents and getting to know about the factors of satisfaction from physical changes intensity. In this research, by using Q methodolog, the effective factors on satisfaction of old residents from physical changes intensity were identified and prioritized in Azadi town of Ardabil. Therefore, the mentality of more than 20-year homes’ residents has been explored about the amount of satisfaction from the physical changes caused by the recent construction in their residential neighborhood. As a result, two dominant mentalities was found among the old residents. The first group's mentality reflects the priority of cultural factors such as disturbing view, disturbing noise, feeling insecure, and other similarities in recent construction and the second mentality expresses the priority of physical factors, such as shadow, the exterior shapes and facades, building access and etc were in residents’ mind. The designer's awareness and attention toward the mentality of the residents of district will lead to consolidation of neighborhood relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Analysis of factors and consequences of burnout in nurses using Q method
Nima Kanani Azari Morad Rezaei Dizgah mehrdad goudarzvand chegini Hamidreza Rezaee KelidbariThe present research is a kind of mixed quantitative and qualitative research in which using the Q approach, the mental patterns of experts and specialists in order to identify and categorize the causes and consequences of burnout in nurses are examined. In this study, MoreThe present research is a kind of mixed quantitative and qualitative research in which using the Q approach, the mental patterns of experts and specialists in order to identify and categorize the causes and consequences of burnout in nurses are examined. In this study, first-hand sources (semi-structured interviews) and second-hand sources (literature and past research) have been used to collect data. Purposeful sampling was used to select the statistical sample and the discourse space and Q expressions were obtained by using the views of 8 participants. The validity of the study was satisfied by the control and supervision of the participants in determining the Q expressions and its reliability was confirmed by retesting. based on the available variables, the Q matrix was designed and experts were asked to sort the expressions and its data were analyzed using Q factor analysis and the final model. Research was obtained. Regarding the results of Q method, according to the priorities made by experts in the fields of psychology, management and nursing, the final grouping according to the frequency and sharing of opinions in the two general groupings performed by Q factor analysis, into four categories of factors. Organizational, infrastructure, job and context affecting burnout and three categories of individual, organizational and external consequences affected by burnout in nurses were affected. The results of the present study can be used to prevent burnout in the nursing community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Guidelines for Assessing and Enhancing the Organizational Human Resources Sprightliness: A Call to Action!
Behnoush JovariThe purpose of this applied and qualitative research is to identify the necessary infrastructure for creating Organizational Human Resources Sprightliness in the university environment. Data collection has been done using the method of targeted observation, semi-structu MoreThe purpose of this applied and qualitative research is to identify the necessary infrastructure for creating Organizational Human Resources Sprightliness in the university environment. Data collection has been done using the method of targeted observation, semi-structured interviews, and the review of documents related to the strategic and operational plans of universities. Based on the Kleizeri methodology, In the selective coding, obstacles of human resources Sprightliness management from the perspective of university members were identified including: weakness in talent management and substitution, structural inadequacies, neglect of the cultivation of positive psychological capacities in members, lack of support for members' organizational and family responsibilities, and abandonment of scientific-executive abilities of members in a competitive environment. Responding to the environmental needs of the university, honoring the stakeholders, dynamic knowledge, communication, skill of members of the academic members, and the flourishing of educational-research activities were drivers of human resources Sprightliness management. By calculating Cohen's kappa, the average coefficient of experts' agreement with each other about codes and research findings was 0.66, which is an acceptable proportion of their agreement. The coefficiency of agreement between experts and researcher was 79%, which was calculated by rounding the same 80%, which means that five experts had good agreement with each other regarding the coding of the data for this research, which indicates the excellent status of these identified concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Optimisation of wire-cut EDM process parameter by Grey-based response surface methodology
Amit Kumar Tarun Soota Jitendra Kumar -
Open Access Article
111 - An experimental analysis and optimization of machining rate and surface characteristics in WEDM of Monel-400 using RSM and desirability approach
Vinod Kumar Vikas Kumar Kamal Kumar Jangra -
Open Access Article
112 - A weighted metric method to optimize multi-response robust problems
R Noorossana M Kamali Ardakani -
Open Access Article
113 - Evaluating the quality level of services provided by the Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST) using the Six Sigma methodology.
Ali Bairanvand Mohamad Ebrahim Samiei Sareh RahmanianObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality level of services provided by the Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST) using the Six Sigma methodology. Methodology: The studied population in this research includes the users of (R MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality level of services provided by the Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST) using the Six Sigma methodology. Methodology: The studied population in this research includes the users of (RICeST). 120 users in this center have been chosen as the samples by a simple random way. Data collection tool in this study was the LibQUAL Questionnaire. Using this questionnaire, the gap between the customers' expectations and perceptions was identified and analyzed. Data were analyzed using the statistical software "Spss" and the mean and standard deviation were calculated for the obtained data. In each of the evaluated cases, the calculated standard deviation was compared with the sigma level in the output table for the types of sigma in order to specify the qualitative efficiency of services. By this way, the error rate in each of the provided services has been determined. Findings: the findings showed the employees in the Regional Center for the Science and Technology Information have been able to meet the users' minimum expectations in this center in all cases except the option "The courteous staff"; and have allocated the efficiency 50% which is equal to 500,000 errors per million. In the other words, the average rate was true in all raised options about the staff in this center. The efficiency, 69. 20 percent, obtained from the users view about the quality of existing resources in this center represents their relative satisfaction with the current condition. Only about the option "the presence of a website in the center" the level of users' expectations has been equal to the actual level and the efficiency 99. 97 percent been achieved. The quality of library space at the actual level has been lower than the maximum level of users' expectation, but it has been higher than the level of users' minimum expectations. The efficiency 69. 20 percent about the center space indicates 308,000 errors per million. In this case, it has been far from achieving the desired level or the maximum users' expectations. Conclusion: The results showed that in most cases, Regional Information Center for Science and Technology require to increase the actual level of service. Near the maximum level of expectations with actual service, will result to increase efficiency service quality and the Users ‘satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Concept Interpretation, Development of Research Methods in Librarianship and Information Decimination Using Concept Interpretation
hojjat allah hasanContent analysis is a methodology for studing the content to identifying specified characteristics of messages. The method of content analysis enables the researcher to large amounts of textual information and systematically identify its properties. In this methodology MoreContent analysis is a methodology for studing the content to identifying specified characteristics of messages. The method of content analysis enables the researcher to large amounts of textual information and systematically identify its properties. In this methodology two aims are predicted. 1)evaluating content capability to match the educational collection . 2)suitability of texts with mental ability . This article tries to define content analysis and introduce the ways in which researcher can provide a meaningfal reading content. Content analysis can also involve any kind of communication content analysis(speech, written text, interviews, journals, discussions, lectures, …). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigation of simultaneous removal of Basic Orange 2 dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions by modified nanoclay in continuous washing system using response surface methodology (RSM)
Armin Geroeeyan Ali Niazi Elaheh KonozIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants MoreIn the present study, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions was studied using modified montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT). To characterize the adsorbent, FESEM and EDX-MAP analyses were performed. The process of the removal of pollutants was investigated through the designing and fabrication of the continuous washing system and the effect of important variables influencing the process such as concentration of dye and Ni(II), pH, length of column and the number of washing cycles was evaluated. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) has been applied to study the influence of experimental factors on the simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous system and the interaction of the variables were scrutinized through response surface curves. According to RSM results and optimization of simultaneous removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) using desirability function, the optimal values for the five variables of dye concentration, Ni(II) concentration, pH, length of column, and number of washing cycles were found 12.07 mg L-1, of 12.97 mg L-1, 8.18, 12.97 cm and 2, respectively. The results of the removal of BO2 dye and Ni(II) in continuous washing system using modified montmorillonite nanoclay showed that this method can be efficient for the adsorption of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Analysis and Critique of the Methodology of Researches on Earnings Quality in Iran
Meysam Kaviani Miad Mohammadi Hadiseh DarvishProfit quality is not a well-defined fixed concept that can be achieved easily, but it is a relative concept that is dependent on different perspectives and views. There are different views about assessing profit quality and its definition in various studies in the lite MoreProfit quality is not a well-defined fixed concept that can be achieved easily, but it is a relative concept that is dependent on different perspectives and views. There are different views about assessing profit quality and its definition in various studies in the literature, each looking at various aspects of profit quality in relation to certain financial variables. The aim of the present study is to explore the methodologies used in studies on profit quality conducted in Iran. To this end, 23 articles published in reputable domestic journals were reviewed. The results showed that profit quality studies conducted in Iran are highly diverse in terms of their topics and they have come up with outstanding findings. It should be also acknowledged that there is a considerable gap between studies published in valid domestic and foreign journals in terms of methodology Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Explanation on Implication and Method of Phenomenology and Its Consequences in Political Science
Javad Aghajar Alireza SahraeeAbstract One of the important and serious subjects in recent decades is concentration on methodological issues and its application in various areas. Of course using of different procedures and methods has been taken into consideration by scientist from long time ago. B MoreAbstract One of the important and serious subjects in recent decades is concentration on methodological issues and its application in various areas. Of course using of different procedures and methods has been taken into consideration by scientist from long time ago. But in recent years focus on this matter which is phenomenology has been clear through various researches. This is one of the most complicated researches in political and social sciences area: which shares specific characteristics with interpretive researches. That developed against positivism and empiricism in 19th century. Application of phenomenological research in politics opens new realms for scientists and scientific elites and creates important theoretical and methodological results. Application and clarifying of some of the methodological and epistemological of this phenomenological research in politics is the main goal of this paper. It seems that the goal of phenomenology encompasses special outcomes and can be appropriate epistemological base for political system. Paleontology genealogy methodological approach of phenomenology and its various types review of the attitudes of its researchers and tinkers and finally the consequences of phenomenological approach in political science make the main format of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Assessing the Familiarity of Accounting Phd Students with Research Methodology in Iran
یاسمن علی اصفهانی زهرا دیانتی دیلمی فاطمه صرافAbstract Due to the importance of researchers' aristocracy in research methodology, in order to conduct innovative and effective research, the present study seeks to examine the familiarity of doctoral students with research methodology in accounting. This paper is des MoreAbstract Due to the importance of researchers' aristocracy in research methodology, in order to conduct innovative and effective research, the present study seeks to examine the familiarity of doctoral students with research methodology in accounting. This paper is descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose. In order to conduct this research, a 60-item questionnaire was used in year 2020 regarding the level of familiarity of 178 PhD students in entrance year 2017 of public, Azad and Pardis universities with the methodology. The sampling method in the first stage is stratified random sampling that determines the number of samples in each floor (including three public, Azad and pardis floors) and in the second place the questionnaire using cluster sampling with respect to the ratios Distributed among PhD students in selected universities. One-sample mean test, One way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) & Scheffe test were used to conduct this research. Findings of this study show that the level of knowledge of accounting Phd students about research methodology is at a weak and undesirable level & Phd students in accounting at public universities are more familiar with research methodology than students at the Azad universities & Pardis universities. The findings of this study indicate the need to strengthen the research strength of accounting students and pay more attention to the course of research methods and aristocracy to research methodology in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Discourse Analysis the Mental patterns of culture development of IlamUniversities staff
younes ezati mansour hagighatian Amad MoazzeniThe present research was conducted with the aim of Identifying of mental patterns of culture development of IlamUniversities staff. The dominant paradigm of this study was mixed methodology.This research is applied in terms of goal, and is qualified method in terms of t MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of Identifying of mental patterns of culture development of IlamUniversities staff. The dominant paradigm of this study was mixed methodology.This research is applied in terms of goal, and is qualified method in terms of the method of data collection. The Concourse in this study included 14 people of (Culture and Islamic Guidance government Office, Education) and universitis professors, with backgrounds in culture development studies. The study population of this study consisted of 21 Entrepreneurs in Ilam were chosen as sample by the targeted judgment method. Fourthly nine Phrases were extracted based on the interviews. A questionnaire consisting of 49 cards and an answer sheet. Data analyzed by Q exploratory factor. Based on the findings of the exploratory factor analysis, six types of Religious and fatalistic, Folk Mentality, responsible, Scientist, Legalist, Moral individualistic were categorized. The results showed that the mentality of the participants in the mental models 1 and 2 was the same with the characteristics of the traditional and pre-modern societies. At the same time, the participants in the third and fourth categories had a very good mentality towards development because they have paid attention to values such as sense of commitment, participation, scientism and innovation. In general, the results showed that the participants' mental pattern of the cultural development of the community is at a moderate and lower level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Application of Response Surface Methodology for Xanthan Gum and Biomass Production Using Xan-thomonas campestris
Hadi Hashemi Gahruie Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab Esmaeil Ziaee -
Open Access Article
121 - Using Response Surface Methodology for Assessment of Heating Effect on Reduction of Aflatoxin
Moslem Lari Najafi -
Open Access Article
122 - Preparation of polystyrene – multi walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite with improved mechanical properties using response surface methodology
مریم فربودی مهیا ترابیIn this research, with the aim of improving mechanical properties of polystyrene (PS), multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was selected as reinforcement agent. PS-MWCNT nanocomposite was prepared by mixing of MWCNT nanostructurs with a solution of PS. The effects of th MoreIn this research, with the aim of improving mechanical properties of polystyrene (PS), multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was selected as reinforcement agent. PS-MWCNT nanocomposite was prepared by mixing of MWCNT nanostructurs with a solution of PS. The effects of three factors containing MWCNT percentage, film drying temperature and stirring time were investigated in different levels by Box Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). According this method, 15 experiments were performed. The tensile strength values of nanocomposite films were used as response for data analyzing by variance analysis. The linearity of normal probability plot of the residuals established the correctness of the proposed model. The contour and surface plots of RSM were studied and the optimal conditions of nanocomposit preparation were determined. The results showed that increasing of MWCNT percentage and stirring time cause to increase of tensile strength, while the increasing of film drying temperature causes to decrease of tensile strength. Also, some physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite film were examined using FT-IR spectroscopy and TGA techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - On the use of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Scaffold Composite of the Hydroxyapatite and Diopside
Nasrin Rafiee Saeid Karbasi amirabas nourbakhsh kamran aminiThe response surface methodology is a statistical approach to design the experiments, modeling and analysis of the effective factors as well as to help optimizing the process. In this study, we use the central composite design technique to select the optimum scaffold co MoreThe response surface methodology is a statistical approach to design the experiments, modeling and analysis of the effective factors as well as to help optimizing the process. In this study, we use the central composite design technique to select the optimum scaffold composite of the Hydroxyapatite and Diopside. This method suggested twenty different scaffold specimens by optimizing the suitable percentage of porosity via determining the percentage weight concentrations of the three effective parameters. After making the scaffold and determining their porosity, the optimum case for composite scaffolds was 77.57 wt% nHA (22.43wt% Di), 0.64wt% lubricant (STPP) and heat treatment temperature 1200. Also, the results of SEM, FTIR, and XRD confirm that the scaffold specimen made with the response method is an ideal specimen for use in bone tissue engineering. In general, according to the results of this research, the response surface methodology can be a useful tool for optimizing composite scaffolds in tissue engineering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigation and Identification of Components Affecting Sustainable Supply Chain from a Financial Perspective Using Soft Systems Methodology(SSM): Case Study Pegah Gilan Dairy Company
fatemeh aminnaseri sina kherdyar hamzehamin tahmasbi ebrahim chiraniNowadays, organizations need to formulate strategic management plans for their presence in the big field of competition. One of the most important of these is sustainable supply chain management and the financial challenges in this chain. Also, supply chain management h MoreNowadays, organizations need to formulate strategic management plans for their presence in the big field of competition. One of the most important of these is sustainable supply chain management and the financial challenges in this chain. Also, supply chain management has become a complex and unstructured issue and has various stakeholders involved. Therefore, in the present study, the purpose is to identify the effective components on the sustainable supply chain from the financial point of view using soft systems methodology at Pegah Gilan Dairy Company as a case study. In this way, using the aforementioned approach, the problem of unstructured sustainable supply chain management from the financial point of view is expressed, and then by analyzing it, the image of different players of the drawing system and their root definition is raised. In the following, a conceptual model of activities is presented using the root definition and then the model is compared with the real world. Finally, the desired changes to improve and develop the actual system are identified and programs implemented to improve the performance and increase the profitability of the supply chain management system. Also, based on the results of research, financial, monetary, sustainability and risk are the four main components affecting sustainable supply chain. The results of this study will be effective for designing patterns of improvement in sustainable supply chain and strategic decisions of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Designing the Strategy Implementation Model across Organizations following an Integrated Approach Based on Grounded Theory
alireza pirali mohamad taghi amini mohammad megdi parhizghar ali nouroziThe strategy implementation is a dynamic, repetitive, complex process that is undertaken to achieve strategic goals by turning the strategic plans into tangible realities. This process is affected by the set of decisions made and actions taken by managers and employees MoreThe strategy implementation is a dynamic, repetitive, complex process that is undertaken to achieve strategic goals by turning the strategic plans into tangible realities. This process is affected by the set of decisions made and actions taken by managers and employees of the organization. As such, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive and well-tailored model for strategy implementation that helps managers lead the organization toward appropriate implementation of the strategies. On this basis, the present research seeks to adopt a grounded theory-based qualitative methodology to describe such a model. In this work, the required samples were taken via a purposive, theoretical, snowball sampling approach. Using deep interviews as a research instrument for data collection, the collected data was analyzed using the grounded theory paradigm model. Accordingly, considering the repetitions, a total of 134 initial codes were extracted from the transcripts of the interviews. Investigating the associated concepts, we identified 21 categories, out of which 6 primary categories were ultimately recognized upon selective coding. The obtained results Confirmed that, activating such mechanisms as strategic management of strategic implementation across the organization and careful monitoring of different steps of the process, implementation of strategies across organizations via an integrated approach formed on the basis of causal, contextual, and interventional factors leads to two principle achievements, namely implementation of target strategies across the organization and, consequently, achievement of the organizational visions and missions along with improved performance of the organization because of enhanced agility and efficiency of activities across the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - RFID-based decision support within maintenance management of urban tunnel systems
Alireza Veiseh Jalal Haghighat monfared -
Open Access Article
127 - Identifying Effective Factors of the Development of Taekwondo in Iran and Presenting the Model
reza emanzade abbas khodayari hamid ghasemi nazanin rasekhThe present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of Taekwondo in Iran and the presentation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professors and faculty members of sport management, experts and managers of the ministr MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of Taekwondo in Iran and the presentation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all professors and faculty members of sport management, experts and managers of the ministry, and the affiliate of the sports championship of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, leaders and experts of the Taekwondo Federation and coaches of the Taekwondo team. In the qualitative part of the research, using the method of theoretical sampling with 25 people in the community, qualitative interviews were conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. In the small part, according to the uncertain size of the research community, using a Morgan table, 277 people were selected as sample size and random sampling was performed. The instrument for measuring the research in the qualitative section was semi-structured interview. In next stage, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. To obtain the validity of the questionnaire, the formal and content validity and construct validity were used, and for reliability, it was used Cronbach's alpha. The results of the research showed that seven factors including social and cultural factors, technology factors, economic factors, political factors, sports agents, management factors and places and equipment are effective on the development of the country's tactical skills. Therefore, it is recommended to pay special attention to all the factors identified in this study to develop sport for Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam aerial parts using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uroš Gašić Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El GhadraouiIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solven MoreIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solvents and their combinations. The special cubic model explained the variance of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the extracts at a level of R2 > 95%. In general, the analysis of the model-derived response surfaces revealed that in binary mixtures (50% ethanol + 50% methanol), the yielded values of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increase with the water proportion of different prepared mixtures. The ability of the quaternary mixture to extract the phenolic compounds was also positively and significantly influenced by the water content, creating a mild polar medium for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of different extracts under study revealed the presence of a cocktail of active ingredients, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, etc. especially the flower extract of A. visnaga (L.). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Investigating the Interactional Role of Students’ Goal Orientation on the Relationship between Behrangi’s Management on Education Pattern Teaching and Students’ Test Anxiety
Davod Maleki Mohammadreza Behrangi Abstract The present research has investigated the interactional role of students’ goal orientation on the relationship between Behrangi’s management on education pattern Teaching and students’ test anxiety. The research is based on a descriptiv More Abstract The present research has investigated the interactional role of students’ goal orientation on the relationship between Behrangi’s management on education pattern Teaching and students’ test anxiety. The research is based on a descriptive/correlation methodology. The data were gathered by means of qualitative approaches, specifically questionnaires, including Patterns of Adaptive Learning Questionnaire to measure classroom orientation, Sarason Test Anxiety Questionnaire and a researcher-constructed questionnaire for Management Education Pattern based on Management on Education Pattern, introduced by Behrangi. The population of the study included all male high school students of Baharestan City who included 150 individuals and were studied using multistage random sampling and based on formulas for sample size determination. The analysis of the findings using Pearson correlation coefficient and subsequently Interaction Regression Analysis indicates that first, there is an inverse and significant relationship between the application of management on education pattern and also students’ goal orientation to students’ test anxiety; secondly, goal orientation plays an interactional role in the relationship between the application of Management on Education Pattern and test anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Photocatalytic removal of Rhodamine B dye by SnIn4S8: Optimization of process by response surface methodology
Ali MehrizadIn this study, the performance of stannum indium sulfide (SnIn4S8) was evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RhB) as an environmental pollutant. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the effective operating variables (initial MoreIn this study, the performance of stannum indium sulfide (SnIn4S8) was evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RhB) as an environmental pollutant. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the effective operating variables (initial RhB concentration, SnIn4S8 amount, solution pH, and irradiation time). Maximum removal efficiency of 81.15% was achieved under optimum conditions. This predicted result was confirmed experimentally (78.96%). The kinetics study of photocatalytic RhB removal by SnIn4S8 showed adherence to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.047 min-1. The outstanding performance of SnIn4S8 originated from its flowerlike hierarchical structure, which enhances light photon absorption, and increases pollutant adsorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - An Investigation on the Metal Injection through the Producing of MIM-ed Low-Alloy Steel
S. Rezaei A. AskariIn this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters MoreIn this study, we demonstrate the injection stage of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process to fabricate a small bend-type component. This non-standard but critical engine part is made of a feedstock from the low alloy steel 4605. To optimize various injection parameters, the five-variable Box-Behnken Design (BBD) is used with the assumption of a quadratic model, together with the statistical method of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples are then fabricated, and their densities are measured. Hence, the significance of these factors as well as the mutual coupling between each two parameters are investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, this paper reveals that injection temperature of 155 ◦C, the injection speed of 80 mm/s, holding pressure of 83 bar, holding time of 9 s and the injection pressure of 132 bar led to an optimum density of the green part, which becomes 4.892 g/cm3. Then, a new sample is produced using these optimized settings, and the green component density is measured, which is extremely near to the predicted value. After sintering, the optimized sample’s density and hardness are compared to the MIM-4605 standard criteria. Manuscript profile
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