• List of Articles Settlement

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The dispute settlement mechanism between member countries of the Shanghai Organization
        reza shokri golnaz amjadi ali ilkhani
        The Shanghai Pact is one of the most important security-economic blocs in the Asia-Pacific region and one of the few successful international organizations among Asian countries. A significant part of this success can be attributed to the benefit of the mentioned organi More
        The Shanghai Pact is one of the most important security-economic blocs in the Asia-Pacific region and one of the few successful international organizations among Asian countries. A significant part of this success can be attributed to the benefit of the mentioned organization from the integrated infrastructures that its members designed and implemented step by step since its establishment. This research, using the analytical and explanatory method as much as possible, tries to provide an accurate and scientific answer to the question raised in line with the goals of the organization. Dealing with this issue requires the analytical method of documents and library data and among the factors affecting the countries that are members of the Shanghai Treaty. One of the fundamental elements of the structure of the Shanghai Treaty is the multi-part dispute resolution system in which the present article will examine the scope of the competent authority's actions in the proceedings in each of the disputes. The present article is based on the fact that the description and recognition of this part of the Shanghai legal system can be effective in implementing its dispute resolution models in other international organizations among developing countries; Organizations whose lack of proper infrastructure has made their efficient operation face many obstacles. Manuscript profile
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        2 - The Establishment of Rural Settlements in Kermanshah Province In Relation to Faults Using GIS
        zahra gholami rad kianoosh behrouzi
        The emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the More
        The emergence of human settlements, especially villages, has been based on suitable natural factors. In the world today, the gap between the findings of the humanities and their ability is increasingly growing day by day to protect people's lives and properties and the fury of nature continues to wreak havoc. Sciences themselves also contribute to the increase of these risks to some extent and new forms of danger with new effects which is caused by improper use of technology. The role of geomorphology studies and preparation of geomorphology maps are vividly important not only in rural construction but in most cases in making decisions that leads to the preparation of rural development plans. Geomorphological factors and the influence of morphogenic phenomena are forgotten and not taken into consideration. In the shadow of such studies, stable and unstable lands and their instability methods are determined with effective mechanisms .The present study examines and evaluates the settlement of 2793 rural places in connection with faults in Kermanshah province. In order to investigate these factors, accurate and powerful GIS software was used to produce and analyze maps. During this process, first the base maps were prepared, then the distribution of settlements was analyzed in relation to the fault layer and the correlation test (pearson's type) was used to determine the degree of correlation between natural factors and the distribution of settlements. The results of the correlation coefficient method show that there is a significant and strong relationship between the natural factor of the fault and the distribution of settlements in the studied area, and the distribution of the studied rural settlements is regular in relation to the environmental-ecological capabilities and limitations. Manuscript profile
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        3 - Investigation of informal settlements, from the point of view of Geology and socio-economic problems (Case study: Privacy city of Kerman)
        Ali Sistani Pour
        In addition to socio-economic problems that are common to all informal settlements, the informal settlements of Kerman also have geological problems. Settlements are formed in the vicinity of faults and subsidence of the land, and it threatens its residents, so a soluti More
        In addition to socio-economic problems that are common to all informal settlements, the informal settlements of Kerman also have geological problems. Settlements are formed in the vicinity of faults and subsidence of the land, and it threatens its residents, so a solution should be provided for these problems.Investigating the informal settlements of Kerman city limits from the point of view of geological problems and socio-economic problems and providing a solution. The research method of this research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. This article has a qualitative approach that was done through case study and document analysis. Four informal settlements have been formed in Kerman. These settlements include the town of Firozabad in the northeast of Kerman, the industrial town in the southeast of Kerman, the town of Sayad Shirazi in the northwest of Kerman, and the town of Allahabad in the southeast of Kerman. It was found that these settlements were created in the vicinity of faults and areas with land subsidence, which is a threat to non-resistant buildings. Most of the residents of these settlements have settled in these settlements due to the economic problems of the region and have suffered social harm due to the lack of monitoring by the monitoring agencies. The informal settlements of Kerman are under the threat of land faulting and subsidence problems, as well as socio-economic problems. Several solutions were presented to prevent the formation and expansion of informal settlements in Kerman. - Transferring the residents of these settlements to other settlements or strengthening these settlements - Strong and continuous supervision of the relevant officials to prevent the formation and expansion of informal settlements. -Creating a green belt in the city of Kerman. - Solving the economic problems of the region, especially related to agriculture - More supervision to prevent the creation of social crimes in these settlements. Manuscript profile
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        4 - Evaluating the effects of the rentier economy on the expansion of suburbanization in Tehran metropolis (Case study: District 19 of Tehran)
        سیدمجتبی نجاتی majid vali  Dhareeatpanahi Tahmini Daniali
        Currently, the existence of economic rents in the field of housing and land has faced serious challenges in urban and rural areas around big cities. In fact, rent groups without social investment or productive activities are dependent on various types of income. They be More
        Currently, the existence of economic rents in the field of housing and land has faced serious challenges in urban and rural areas around big cities. In fact, rent groups without social investment or productive activities are dependent on various types of income. They benefit from the sale of gifts and natural resources. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of the rentier economy on the expansion of marginalization in the 19th district of Tehran metropolis. This research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect data and information, two methods of library-documents and field method of survey have been used. The statistical population of this research is 35 people from the fields of rural planning, urban planning, urban planning, sociology and economic sciences. In order to analyze the data and information obtained, mean test and binomial test were used in spss software. The findings showed that in the context of the effective factors of the rentier economy and its role in the formation of informal settlements in the 19th district of Tehran, increasing capital and liquidity for profiteers and profit-seeking managers, the existence of the necessary facilities for micro and individual entrepreneurship for officials and Beneficiaries, defects of the urban plans of the land exchange play the most effects in this field. Based on the findings, factors such as the increase in the land game exchange, the ineffectiveness of the laws over time regarding the construction of night houses and the expansion of informal settlements, the existence of stereotyped management, the lack of transparency in the discussion of crimes, which cause multiple interpretations by profiteers. Manuscript profile
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        5 - Explaining the social consequences of the growth of informal settlements in eslamshahr
        zahra karami jozani ali nori kermani azita rajabi
        Today, one of the major destabilizing urban challenges is a type of urbanization with acute problems of informal settlement or marginalization. One of the most obvious manifestations of the rapid growth of urbanization is the formation of informal settlements in many de More
        Today, one of the major destabilizing urban challenges is a type of urbanization with acute problems of informal settlement or marginalization. One of the most obvious manifestations of the rapid growth of urbanization is the formation of informal settlements in many developing countries, including Iran, which has become a symbol of urban poverty. This research has been carried out in order to investigate the indicators and dimensions of social consequences caused by the growth of informal settlements in eslamshahr and to provide a model to control and solve them. This research is practical in terms of targeting and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. In order to collect data and information, two methods of library-documents and field method of survey have been used. The statistical population of the current research includes experts and active managers in the field of urban management in eslamshahr. The findings indicated that the growth of informal settlements has a direct, positive and significant effect on the social consequences caused by the growth of informal settlements. Also, since the correlation coefficient (standard coefficient) between the two variables is equal to 0.75, it can be concluded that the growth of informal settlements has a direct, positive and significant effect on the social consequences caused by the growth of informal settlements, and the intensity of this effect 0.75). Based on the focal correlation results, the index of economic issues with a %35 influence on the total of other variables has been ranked first. In addition, based on the analysis, the highest degree of correlation in the indicators can be seen between health issues and welfare facilities and leisure time in the informal settlements of eslamshahr Manuscript profile
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        6 - An analysis on the policies of organizing worn-out fabrics in informal settlements (Case study: Pars-Abad city)
        yousef ziyadi Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari
        Today, one of the major destabilizing challenges of the country's cities is a type of urbanization with acute problems known as informal settlements or marginal settlements and worn-out structures inside these settlements. The general situation of urban life in developi More
        Today, one of the major destabilizing challenges of the country's cities is a type of urbanization with acute problems known as informal settlements or marginal settlements and worn-out structures inside these settlements. The general situation of urban life in developing countries has created a worrying situation during the past decades. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the policies of organizing worn-out fabrics in the informal settlements of Pars Abad city. This research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect data and information, two methods of library-documents and field method of survey have been used. The statistical population of this research is 384 residents of Pars Abad city. In order to analyze the obtained data and information, Spearman's test was used in Spss software. The findings showed that the organizing policies in the worn-out informal settlements of Parsabad, Moghan city are not in a good condition and all 4 organizing policies (renovation, improvement, protection and prevention of degeneration, identification) and their indicators and success rate. are not in good condition. The results of the evaluation of the questionnaire through Spearman's test showed that there is a significant relationship between organizing policies and good urban governance in such a way that various indicators of organizing policies such as renovation, improvement, conservation and prevention of degeneration, policies Identification and related topics such as policy effectiveness, policy effectiveness, policy appropriateness, public acceptance and public education, location identification, attention to distributive justice and information at the level of context and attention to the problem of poverty at the level of informal settlements, all They have a high impact on governance. Manuscript profile
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        7 - The Relationship of Perceived Tenure Security and Housing Quality in Informal Settlement of Islamabad, Tehran
        Hashem Dadash Poor Bahram Alizadeh
        Formation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc.  In the More
        Formation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc.  In the past few years, informal urban housing, and tenure insecurity have been attracting attention of the many global development organizations like UN_HABITAT, World Bank and so on. As such it leads to a steady stream of academic writings and new initiatives on the subject. Most of them intend to present solutions to solve land occupation security in order to improve living conditions in informal settlements. Recent studies believe that tenure security for low-income settlement dwellers encounter three distinct forms: tenure security as perceived by dwellers, tenure security as a legal construct and de facto tenure security. Nowadays there are two different approaches regarding the tenure security which as follow: traditional and modern approaches. Traditional approaches focus on tenure security more than legal aspect. These consider the occupation security as having title-deed for the official occupancy of a place. Although the modern approach does not negate the possibility that the title can generate tenure security, it argues that the same object can be achieved through different factors which have been called extra-legal and semi legal factors.  There exists a distance between the idea of tenure security and the legal concept which has turned it into a social psychology issue. Social psychological approach shows that people’s decisions are often influenced by what they feel about a situation. Survey method is considered as the methodology of this research to achieve an objective and hypotheses test. According to this method, questionnaires was prepared and filled in Islamabad neighborhood. Finally, by using statistical techniques of factor analysis, Cronbach`s Alpha, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions, the main analysis of data completed. The social psychological approach is defined in a way which makes the concept of perceived tenure security. Through following these means, the same conception is shown to be composed of the perceived probability of eviction (a thinking state), the fear of eviction (a feeling state) and the lack of support networks, which are separate variables. Within the results there are positive and direct relationship between housing quality and tenure security. Since other factors such as probability of eviction, fear of eviction and lack of support networks affect the perceived occupation security of households, the legal ownership is not the whole tenure Security in the neighborhood of the case study. Among these factors, lack of support networks influence the perceived tenure security of households much more than the other factors. Since informal settlements are key location of the urban poor to live, presumably the monthly income of households plays an essential role in tenure security and housing quality which can affects them. Therefore, it is recommended that the subsequent studies use the households monthly income as controlable variable in their tests in the future. The paper's outcome can be considered as the future studies' basis on the same subject. Manuscript profile
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        8 - Urban Informal Settlements in Ahvaz city
        Hamid Majedi Kouresh Lotfi
        Informal settlements results from rapid urbanization and economic problems of such countries as the developing ones. Iran faced with this problem after the land reform in 1963. Expansion of such settlements brought about so many socio-economic and physical problems in m More
        Informal settlements results from rapid urbanization and economic problems of such countries as the developing ones. Iran faced with this problem after the land reform in 1963. Expansion of such settlements brought about so many socio-economic and physical problems in metropolitans. Ahvaz city is a big city in Iran. Due to some economic and geographical pull factors in Ahvaz, this city has been a center to draw people from other parts in the region. A large group of immigrants, due to their economic problems managed to construct informal settlements here and there. After the war between Iran and Iraq in 1980, it caused further problems and the reconstruction of war- striken regions in Khuzestan province did not provide a chance for the city officials to control such unwanted abnormalities. Informal settlements expanded in large parts of Ahvaz. Urban development plans, which were supposed to solve the problems and urban land policies, contributed such problems, and urban land policies contributed such problems to be worsened. At the time being a large group of population lives in informal settlements in Ahvaz city. This paper aims to identify the main origins of forming informal settlements in Ahvaz as a metropolitan city and also to suggest necessary approaches to cope with the problems. The methodology of this paper is based on field studies and computerized analysis on the data. The results made have been offered as tables. The final results made indicate that the most important source of forming such settlements in Ahvaz, includes city to city migration which it, in turn originated from the conditions produced by imposed war and bad economic conditions in the region. The leading motivation for migration has been economic condition as well as to earn the immigrants living. Low price of housing and land and the people dependency on the relatives caused the people to settle in such settlements. Some suggestions have been finally given to reduce the deficiencies and problems concerned with such settlements.   Manuscript profile
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        9 - Demonstrating Efficient Techniques to Engage Participation of the Informal Settelments (in the Process of Preperation and Performance of the Urban Development Plans)
        Borhan Abdi Ali Soltani, Mohammad Reza Bazregar Jabbar Amjadi
             New approaches on informal settlements show that there is a reduction in technical and physical aspects as well as increase in environmental, social and human aspects , Gradually and impressed from theoretical perspectives such as enabling and r More
             New approaches on informal settlements show that there is a reduction in technical and physical aspects as well as increase in environmental, social and human aspects , Gradually and impressed from theoretical perspectives such as enabling and revision on the governments' role in providing housing and services. On this basis, settlements by low-income people is built regarded as a part of the capital city society which must be proceeded to manage and regularize such settlements via participatory planning with emphasis on their participation to understand priorities and practices.         Although it has been talked about participation so much in Urban Planning literature and Informal settlements plans; but effective solutions for building motivation of public involvement in process of preparation and implementation of plans are yet ambiguous and insufficient. As a result, most of developing countries are not able to apply participation in their plans; and as a consequence, physical and intellectual capitals are thrown away.      This research struggles to identify the obstacles of citizens’ participation in Squatter Settlements upgrading Plans upon psycho-sociological theories and assess suitable solutions in framework of these theories. It is expected that using effective tools for participation motivation building, makes involvement of residents in improvement their settlement possible. Manuscript profile
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        10 - Comparison of Women's Satisfaction and Empowerment through an Asset-Based Approach in Formal and Informal Settlements (Case S‌tudy: Zafaraniyeh and Rezvanshahr Neighborhoods in Tabriz)
        Raheleh Abdollahi Solmaz Babazadeh Oskouei
        10.30495/ijaud.2023.71971.1671
        Manuscript profile
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        11 - Rural Growth and Decay: Analysis of Physical-Spatial Transformation of Rural Area in Iran (Case Staudy: Kahak Area of Qom Province)
        Dewey Thorbeck Ali Asghar Isalou Mostafa Bayat
        Manuscript profile
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        12 - Community Participation: The Lost Link of the Rural Informal Settlements Relocation Projects, Kerman Province, Iran (Case Studies: Band-Chah-Reza Village, Chah-Dad-Khoda Village, Ghassem-Abad Village and Shahid-Karami-Shadab Village)
        Seyed Amirhossein Garakani
        Manuscript profile
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        13 - Investigating of Residents Empowering in Physical and Environmental Improvements in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Nodeh Community, Mashhad, Iran)
        Behzad Alipoor Hadi Sarvari
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        14 - Marginalization and Urban Crisis in City of Ilam
        Mir Najaf Mousavi Hasan Hekmat Nia Mohamad Maleki Mousa Maleki Pour
        Manuscript profile
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        15 - WTO jurisdiction and human rights
        Vahid Bozorgt Amir Houshang Fathizadeh
        The aim of this article is to explore the WTO jurisdiction in terms of human rights. WTO resources and legal opinions, the authors have concluded that WTO law is a self-contained system of law and its dispute settlement body (DSB) shall consider only the member’s More
        The aim of this article is to explore the WTO jurisdiction in terms of human rights. WTO resources and legal opinions, the authors have concluded that WTO law is a self-contained system of law and its dispute settlement body (DSB) shall consider only the member’s disputes in terms of the rights and obligations provided in WTO agreements and it does not have the capacity to examine those disputes which fall under the jurisdiction of other systems of law such as human rights However, despite this fragmentation and separation between WTO law and human rights law, the DSB may make use of the relevant rules of International law, including human rights law, to clarify the provisions of WTO agreements. Manuscript profile
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        16 - A Succinct Review of Judicial Settlement of the International Disputes
        Hossein Sorayaii Azar
        The path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first an More
        The path of the development of the International Law, during the last centuries, seen from the actual modern era of the legal theories point of view, is associated with the peaceful settlement of disputes between independent States . The "raison d'etre" of the first and second Hague Conferences (1899 and 1907) was the dispute settlement discussions, and the Permanent Court of Arbitration is the fruit of these conferences . The Permanent Court of International Justice (1920)was the cornerstone of the judicial development of the International Law in the League of Nations system.Whilest the International Court of Justice(1945) was  heraldic  of modern era of  legal theories in International Law ,in which the different mechanism of judicial settlement of disputes have been developed . Actually the judicial settlement of disputes between States is considered as the hub of world legal order and inter- States relations of different nature (e.g. commercial ,regional, environmental etc.)   Manuscript profile
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        17 - Impact of ownership concentration on the relationship between management overconfidence and debt maturity of firms.
        Farzin Rezaei maryam moradi
        Debt structure is one of the key indicators that determine the company's success, and it contributes to a sustainable growth of the company. Hence, debt-critical debt-critical decisions are critical to the survival of companies. In this paper, the effect of ownership co More
        Debt structure is one of the key indicators that determine the company's success, and it contributes to a sustainable growth of the company. Hence, debt-critical debt-critical decisions are critical to the survival of companies. In this paper, the effect of ownership concentration on the relationship between management over-liability and corporate debt maturity in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and in the period between 1386 and 1395 was investigated. In the same vein, the debt was classified into three categories of short-term, medium-term and long-term debt and tested for its uncertainty. The results of the survey of 79 companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between short-term and medium-term debt with management over-reliance. Also, there is a significant and significant relationship between long-term debt repayment with the uncertainty of management and the existence of a significant and negative relationship The concentration of ownership on the relationship between short-term and long-term debt did not have a significant effect on management's uncertainty, and the concentration of ownership on the relationship between the expected medium-term debt and the management's uncertainty was significant. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Survey the role of budget settlement report in the implementation of parliamentary control over government's performance
        Karamollah Daneshfard Hasan Ghezelbash
        The budget settlement report is a tool for the implementation of the parliament'ssupervisory status and a instrument for the implementation of parliamentary control.Definitely, if the settlement budget is presented and sent to the parliament in a timelymanner, it can be More
        The budget settlement report is a tool for the implementation of the parliament'ssupervisory status and a instrument for the implementation of parliamentary control.Definitely, if the settlement budget is presented and sent to the parliament in a timelymanner, it can become an appropriate foundation for the assessment of government'sperformance and an indicator for many technical ideas and an index for manytechnical ideas and assessments of the government agencies and the ministries as aresult of which the accuracy of the government's operations will improve.Government's performance in this research has been operated by three-partmeasurement, including: government's accountability, reduction in violations, andusing this report in the future planing. In general classification of researchs,this studyis descriptive research and based on the method of the data collection,a field study,and also based on the nature of the goals applied .this study population is the country'saccounting agencies' experts in which the mass-questioning method has been used.The tools for the collection of data are the questionnaires whose validity has beenconfirmed by using the formal method and the reliability by calculating theCronbach's alpha and also the use of the accurate Fisher test. The result of the studyindicate that there is a significant correlation between the budget settlement and thereduction in violations and the government's accountability. However, as far as theeffect of the budget settlement report on the government's future planning isconcerned, the conclusions indicates that between the budget settlement report and thefuture government planning there is no significant correlation. Manuscript profile
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        19 - City and the problem of informal settlements: with emphasis on empowerment and rehabilitation of informal settlements:case study,Sari
        رضاعلی محسنی
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21253
        Informal settlements or self-building cores and non-authorized settlements are part of living in megalopolis of Iran.Tday,informal settlement is one of main challenges in the world and lived 42 percent of people on these places. In Iran,housing,specially,urban housing h More
        Informal settlements or self-building cores and non-authorized settlements are part of living in megalopolis of Iran.Tday,informal settlement is one of main challenges in the world and lived 42 percent of people on these places. In Iran,housing,specially,urban housing have faced with several difficulties and challenges.Informal settlements are part of these challenges in cities of Iran.Informal, marginality and slum neighborhoods informal living spaces and urban abnormal spaces and all of them are reflect of pathologic economy and spatial planning weakness management and also are reflect of social-economic injustice in local,regional and national levels.Informal settlements as urban harms have specific significance and position in urban and social studies.Research method is survey.Statistical population of this design are 16345 and sample population are 430.Dominance tool for collecting data is questionaire and reliability coefficient is ./78.Research results shows intensity of economic problems,social dissatisfaction,housing problem and intensity of health and environmental problems.Main emphasis of paper is the implementation of two models rehabilitation and empowerment in informal settlement neighborhoods of Sari. Manuscript profile
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        20 - City and the Problem of Informal Settlements: with Emphasis on Empowerment and Rehabilitation of Informal Settlements (Case Study: Sari City)
        Rezaali Mohseni
        Informal settlements or self-building cores and non-authorized settlements are part of living in megalopolis of Iran.In Iran,housing,specially,urban housing have faced with several difficulties and challenges.Informal settlements are part of these challenges in cities o More
        Informal settlements or self-building cores and non-authorized settlements are part of living in megalopolis of Iran.In Iran,housing,specially,urban housing have faced with several difficulties and challenges.Informal settlements are part of these challenges in cities of Iran.Informal, marginality and slum neighborhoods informal living spaces and urban abnormal spaces and all of them are reflect of pathologic economy and spatial planning weakness management and also are reflect of social-economic injustice in local,regional and national levels.Informal settlements as urban harms have specific significance and position in urban and social studies.Research method is survey.Research results shows intensity of  economic problems,social insatisfaction,housing problem and intensity  of health and environmental problems.Main emphasis of paper is the implementation of two models rehabilitation and empowerment in informal settlement neighborhoods of Sari. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Drought risk management role in reducing the vulnerability of socio-economic in rural settlements (Case Study: Nagadeh county)
        shamsi salehpour asghar azizi Khadijeh karimi Zary Gasemian
        Nowadays many of governments, don’t give a lot of credit to developed organizations and seek better risk management. The present study aimed to investigate the role of drought risk management in reducing the vulnerability of socio-economic in rural settlements of More
        Nowadays many of governments, don’t give a lot of credit to developed organizations and seek better risk management. The present study aimed to investigate the role of drought risk management in reducing the vulnerability of socio-economic in rural settlements of nagadeh.In the analysis of Friedman test methods, T one sample, path analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient was used.The results showed that the vulnerability of rural settlements have seen the most demage after the occurrence of drought and risk management based on economic, social and socio-economic aspects could have an important effect in reducing rural vulnerability with average of 3.75. on basis of path analysis economic and socio- economic aspects of risk management with /528 - /363 coefficient have direct impact and social aspects have indirect impact in reducing economic and social vulnerability with /198 coefficient. Therefore, it can be inferred that drought risk management as the most sensible approach is to reduce vulnerability and at the operational level should be done participatory, flexible and Situational Manuscript profile
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        22 - Analysis of the quality of life in informal settlements (Kathy, neighborhood Sadat, Mvzyraj and Hafttan neighborhoods Babol)
        پری شکری مهدی غنی پور
        Rapid urban growth and physical development have led to declining environmental quality of life, especially in informal neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is the satisfaction of the quality of life of residents of informal settlements in the city of Babul. The met More
        Rapid urban growth and physical development have led to declining environmental quality of life, especially in informal neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is the satisfaction of the quality of life of residents of informal settlements in the city of Babul. The method used in this research is a descriptive survey. This research has been done according to the method on the field and library that in the field . The population of Babul informal settlements are include areas Moziraj, Kathy, Hafttan and Sadat neighborhood. The sample size according to Cochran formula was obtained of 282 people. In this study, using a T-test and chi-square tests were a way to satisfaction with the quality of life of residents of informal settlements Babul examined in 5 areas of housing, leisure, travel, health and safety and the environment. The results indicate that the satisfaction of local residents about the quality of the living environment, with an average 2.8 (with no middle 3) the unfavorable evaluation. In this regard the satisfaction of the areas of recreation and leisure, housing and the environment and health is below average and the areas of security and travel a little more than the average. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Gully erosion risk mapping to identify villages with use of Fuzzy model Gorgor River Basin Shushtar
        علیرضا حبیبی
        Gully erosion is development form of water erosion that that effects of natural and human factors of the imbalance comes. Rural Settlements and Infrastructure causes irreparable damages to be created. Purpose of this study, identified Rural settlements risk is using the More
        Gully erosion is development form of water erosion that that effects of natural and human factors of the imbalance comes. Rural Settlements and Infrastructure causes irreparable damages to be created. Purpose of this study, identified Rural settlements risk is using the fusion model fuzzy - Ahp. The total of nine natural factors that are contributing in Gully event was used in this model and Gully erosion hazard map of Rude- kar-kar river basin was developed using geographic information system and ArcGIS 10 software. Resultant data was checked by field observations and results of previous studies.Results showed that 92 villages at north and south of catchment are located in areas with very high and high risk of flood because of their topographic location. The total of 66 % of catchment area were classified in very high to high risk of gully erosion, which point out that the study area is encountering severe gully erosion hazards. In addition, application of FUZZY-AHP model and method of this resaerch is firmly recommended to be used for planning of gully hazards for human settlements at other parts of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Analysis of housing provision condition in rural settlements on the sidelines of metropolises Case study: Kahrizak district villages in Ray County))
        وحید ریاحی زهرا میثمی فرهاد جوان
        In Iran these strategies have experienced in a variety of ways and in the past decade effective proceedings done to provide urban and rural housing. The paper is study the ways and effects of rural housing provision said to aim to analyze the methods and the housing pro More
        In Iran these strategies have experienced in a variety of ways and in the past decade effective proceedings done to provide urban and rural housing. The paper is study the ways and effects of rural housing provision said to aim to analyze the methods and the housing provision status in rural settlements around metropolitan areas. For this research, villages Firozabad, Ghaleno Khaleseh and Dehkheir of Kahrizak district of Ray town ship with 4562 households were selected as sample. Research methodology is descriptive – analytical and used documents and official documentation of Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution and field studies (questionnaire) for data collecting and for data analysis, statistical software and models, SWOT and AHP are used. The results show that in the first method and the amount of facilities delivery is not sufficient in terms of quality and quantity, then to variety facilities can help to rural households and in the end regional policies adaptation and provide housing programs and in other words, making the programs native can be effective for more rural housing and easier repayment house facilities. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Measurement and Analysis of the Development Gap Between Rural Settlements Bushehr Province With an Emphasis on Comparative Comparison Northern Counties and Southern
        یعقوب زارعی علیرضا استعلاجی
        The study of the nature of an applied research and in terms of methodology placed as descriptive and analytical research methods for data collection, the library and collect the purposes of the research-based data and General Population and Housing Census data tables an More
        The study of the nature of an applied research and in terms of methodology placed as descriptive and analytical research methods for data collection, the library and collect the purposes of the research-based data and General Population and Housing Census data tables and statistics common forms (particularly Statistical Yearbook 2011, Bushehr province). It is worth noting that the total population of the study was habitable villages located in Bushehr Province (861 villages) in order to assess the level of their development, 66 components in the form of development indicators from official statistics Bushehr Shipping and was evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The findings of research analysis confirmed the existence of gaps in the distribution and allocation of facilities and rural services, Suggests that there have been the most popular development gap in communication parameters equal to 0/55, service equal to 0/48 and health care equal to 0/42. The results also showed that the gap has been the administrative, security index equal to 0/32, equal to 0/24 in the underlying index, education index of 0/20 and religious-cultural index equal to 0/19. Manuscript profile
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        26 - The classification and measurement of the degree of development of West Azerbaijan province using planning techniques
        seyed ali hosseini mohammadamin faraji mohammad zaheiri seyede maryam hosseini
        Abstract Regional Planning, aiming to reduce inequality and to make developments, is considered as one of the important subjects in the developing countries. Regional planning is necessary to determine the position of the other regions in terms of development. Including More
        Abstract Regional Planning, aiming to reduce inequality and to make developments, is considered as one of the important subjects in the developing countries. Regional planning is necessary to determine the position of the other regions in terms of development. Including common standards in regional planning, grading regions on the basis of different indicators of development. The purpose of this article defines the classification of West Azerbaijan province in terms of development and regional disparities in its analysis. Analytical methodology and data collection method is library and documentation. Studied indices include 44 indicators; including indicators of socio-cultural, educational, health, infrastructure, economy. To determine the level of development of West Azerbaijan province, models (topsis, SAW) and Arc Gis 9.3 software is used. The results showed that the cities of Urmia, demands, Oshnavieh, best and municipalities Piran, Chalderan and cash is worst situation has developed. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Assessing the success rate of planning and empowering informal settlements with an emphasis on expert opinion (a case study of Zahedan city)
        fereshteh sheybani moghadam Rahim Sarvar
        One of the consequences of the global process of urban growth and development is the formation of poor neighborhoods in the margins of the cities and is one of the issues that has always been the subject of studying and planning international forums in many cities aroun More
        One of the consequences of the global process of urban growth and development is the formation of poor neighborhoods in the margins of the cities and is one of the issues that has always been the subject of studying and planning international forums in many cities around the world. To address this, the empowerment approach in the 1980s, which considers informal communities not as a dilemma but as a social asset, is to replace empowerment with the culture of poverty. Therefore, the present research studies the success rate of organizing and empowering informal settlements in Zahedan city using quantitative and qualitative statistical methods and qualitative approaches of experts. This research is applied in terms of purpose and nature, which has been used in field studies by interviewing experts. The results of the research show that Zahedan's organization and empowerment plan in the unofficial context of the city according to the financial and municipal funds and citizen's economic capacity are not developed. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Challenges facing unbalanced urbanization in Iran
        MASOOD Safaepour mohammad reza Amiiri kazem denan
        10.30495/sarzamin.2022.19809
        In the last half century, in Iran, the development of capitalism within the framework of an oil-based economy caused the stagnation of the agricultural sector and the rapid growth of cities. This rapid growth of urbanization did not take place in a balanced way, but cau More
        In the last half century, in Iran, the development of capitalism within the framework of an oil-based economy caused the stagnation of the agricultural sector and the rapid growth of cities. This rapid growth of urbanization did not take place in a balanced way, but caused the growth of big cities and hindered the growth of small towns and villages. And despite the transformations in Iran's urban system, the image of settlement and establishment of the population and cities does not give a good picture. It is clearly clear that the rapid expansion of urbanization in Iran has turned the hope for a better future into a nightmare for millions of urban people in terms of their economic and social status. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, tries to investigate the reflections of unbalanced urbanization in the urban areas of Iran and the effects of this process in the spatial dimension, and finally the effects of this process in the urban network of Iran, with a scientific and argumentative perspective. According to the scientific analysis of unbalanced urbanization, if this trend continues in Iran's urbanization, we will witness unstable social and economic development, including an increase in unequal income, resource alliance, environmental destruction, and damage to Iran's natural and cultural heritage. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Security pathology of metropolises with an emphasis on the management of informal settlements in Tehran metropolis
        Mehdi Parvin Alireza Estelaji
        Background and purpose: In recent decades, with the increase in population and the change of different generations and cultures in metropolises and the change of lifestyle, security has become a very important challenge. Security is related to satisfaction, comfort of c More
        Background and purpose: In recent decades, with the increase in population and the change of different generations and cultures in metropolises and the change of lifestyle, security has become a very important challenge. Security is related to satisfaction, comfort of citizens and desirability of life in the form of sustainable human development and an indicator for quality of life. The feeling of insecurity threatens the presence of people in the urban space, disrupts vitality and health, and reduces public participation. Based on this, the current research has been carried out with the aim of analyzing the security of metropolises with an emphasis on the management of informal settlements in Tehran and determining the factors affecting the insecurity of the capital. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and survey in nature and analytical in nature. Using the simple random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula, the sample size is estimated to be 383 people, and to identify the security components and variables, a questionnaire tool was used in the form of 5 structural, managerial, content, legal and socio-economic components. has been studied. Findings: The findings indicate that, in the first factor, the integrated attitude in security management and the lack of coalition between security experts, in the second factor, the traditionality of security planning and the multiplicity of political attitudes and views in the informal settlements of the capital, the third factor , the prevalence of the law-abiding culture, cultural differences and population density, the fourth factor, lack of security and safety in night travel, the fifth factor, the weakness of approved rules, plans and programs, and the sixth factor, the low transparency of laws that have the greatest impact on harm Acceptance of informal settlements are the capital. Results: Weakness of regulations, approved plans and programs and lack of budget and security equipment are among the variables that affect the security of informal settlements in the capital, and in this context it should be said that managerial, legal and structural vulnerability causes insecurity, lawlessness, cultural differences and lack of security. and the safety of informal settlements in Tehran metropolis. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Geomorphological planning in order to settlement development by AHP-Fuzzy model, case study: Tafresh county
        Abdolkarim Veisi عباس علی پور سجاد باقری مصطفی هاشمی
        Establishment and development of settlement is in relation to environmental condition and geomorphic condition. . The aim of this study is to identify to limitations and capabilities in this area in conjunction with residential development to the development of resident More
        Establishment and development of settlement is in relation to environmental condition and geomorphic condition. . The aim of this study is to identify to limitations and capabilities in this area in conjunction with residential development to the development of residential areas in Tafresh.In order to aim using of combination model AHP-Fuzzy relation with geomorphologic planning. Data analysis in this research is that it is 14 natural parameter geomorphological forms such as elevation, slope, aspect, land use, geology, soil, geomorphology, erosion, distance of road, distance of river, distance of fault and distance of landslide point as effective parameters in study question selected. Eventually after standardization, integration and geomorphological mapping based on fuzzy model and manipulate results showed that 68% of the area of 1861 square kilometers is unsuitable for residential development that This shows the limited nature of the right places according to the geomorphological conditions of the region to develop and create new settlements. Geomorphological units such as mountains, plains, salt plains, dunes, sand dunes, rocky hills and badlands with limits for human settlements and development of alluvial fan and alluvial plains are more suitable for the development of settlements. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Investigating the Effect of Social Compensation Components on Reducing Mass and Inactivity in Informal Settlements Case Study of District Khat4 hesar Karaj
        mohsen RAHIMI bahman kargar
        10.30495/sarzamin.2022.45135.1755
        Security is one of the basic needs of human life, which, after physiological needs such as food and water, is in the second place human needs "crime" and "crime" in today's societies that annually affect the lives of thousands of citizens as a social problem Comes with More
        Security is one of the basic needs of human life, which, after physiological needs such as food and water, is in the second place human needs "crime" and "crime" in today's societies that annually affect the lives of thousands of citizens as a social problem Comes with serious threats and violence against people and their assets, in fact, creates a significant panic in the community Regarding the situation of informal settlements regarding the crime of these settlements, special conditions have been established, including these settlements, Khat4 hear Karaj, except for areas with many problems in the area of crime and security, in order to ensure security in these areas and to prevent the spread of insecurity in Close cities need to provide Social security in the area of the 4th Corridor is considered as one of the critical areas in the informal settlements. After collecting the questionnaires, the results were analyzed and analyzed using SPSS software SMARTPLS. Results show that the components of participation, education, security, justice, flexibility Interactions, and others Resilience in social situations to reduce crime in the neighborhood is Khat4 hesar Karaj. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Informal settlement in the city of Ghom Case of study in shadgholi
        رحمت اله Farhoodi عطیه سادات Saberi
        Informal settlement in the city of Ghom (Case of study in shadgholi) is the themeof this paper.Shadgholi was a village in the west of Ghom and it is a district in Ghom.The scientific methods of this study are comprised of the desk and the surveyresearches.These conseque More
        Informal settlement in the city of Ghom (Case of study in shadgholi) is the themeof this paper.Shadgholi was a village in the west of Ghom and it is a district in Ghom.The scientific methods of this study are comprised of the desk and the surveyresearches.These consequences are:- Rural migration to adjacent district had Shadgholi joined the informal settlement ofGhom- Immigrants in Shadgholi are (fifteen percent) the less because they (Khalaj) aresaving the lands for male children. Their male children will need an individualhousing to have their own married life.- The first priority in Shadgholi is Informal Sector Employment Manuscript profile
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        33 - Predict of Expand Informal Settlements in Urban of West Azerbaijan Province and Management Strategies
        دکتر رحیم سرور مجید روستا
        One of the problem in urban planning and Management in west Azarbaijan province is rapid Growth of urbanization and population and informal settlement in the recent 30 years. 4milion will increase before 1405 and it means more problems at province Government. The purp More
        One of the problem in urban planning and Management in west Azarbaijan province is rapid Growth of urbanization and population and informal settlement in the recent 30 years. 4milion will increase before 1405 and it means more problems at province Government. The purpose of this research is prediction of expand of informal settlement in 1405 and to show the strategies of urban management. The part of problems at informal settlement is: The lack of housing places; Environment pollution; Decrease of feeling security and Growth of unemployment and social problems. So it is necessary to strategic planning for urban development. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Ranking of Ahwaz marginal neighborhoods based on indicators of social sustainability of housing using the model ELECTRE
        faeghe sarhani mohammad hasan yazdani Saeed Amanpour
        Due to the accelerated growth of cities, urban neighborhoods, and following them, the city's housing faces widespread social instability. Meanwhile, informal urban slum and urban areas, while providing vital and vital mechanisms for many poor and deprived urban resident More
        Due to the accelerated growth of cities, urban neighborhoods, and following them, the city's housing faces widespread social instability. Meanwhile, informal urban slum and urban areas, while providing vital and vital mechanisms for many poor and deprived urban residents, create a diverse range of environmental and human problems for today's and future generations. Consequently, marginal areas and informal settlements are a challenge to sustainable development and social sustainability. For the development of sustainable housing in urban neighborhoods, 10 indicators have been used in social dimensions. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey. Data collection is done in a survey. The main objective of this research is to rank the Ahwaz marginal neighborhoods based on social sustainability indices of housing using the electre model. Shannon entropy method is used for weighting indicators and Electre multi-criteria decision making method is used for ranking of neighborhoods. The sample size was calculated based on the Cochran model, which was calculated 381. To increase the accuracy of the work, 450 questionnaires were distributed. In this research, out of 6 specific textures in the city, the marginal texture of 18 neighborhoods was selected. In each neighborhood, the distribution and completion of the questionnaire and the use of the model of the Electricity model ranked the city according to the indicators of social sustainability of housing. Based on the progenies obtained using the Electro model, the highest rank is related to the Zargan neighborhood and down to the Koya Sayyah neighborhood.     Manuscript profile
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        35 - Promoting Social Vitality with a Community-Based Approach in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Koshtargah Neighborhood-Urmia)
        Rasoul Darskhan Nima Bayramzadeh
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between descriptive variables and social vitality in informal settlements, which ultimately in order to promote social vitality with a community-based approach and using neighborhood and extra-neigh More
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between descriptive variables and social vitality in informal settlements, which ultimately in order to promote social vitality with a community-based approach and using neighborhood and extra-neighborhood potentials to propose strategies. Method: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The materials used have been collected in the form of documentary and field impressions. Data collection tools are in several forms: observation, questionnaire, interview and filing. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the Koshtargah neighborhood and and according to Cochran's formula, the sample size is 372 people. Data analysis will be done both quantitatively and qualitatively. In the quantitative dimension of statistical methods and in the qualitative dimension, the results of statistical surveys and questionnaires are analyzed. Findings: According to Spearman and Mann-Whitney U test, the results of this study indicate the existence of an average direct relationship between the variables of marital status, education level, employment status, income level and social vitality and there is little inverse relationship between age and social vitality Also, according to the average rank, women have higher social vitality than men. Results: In order to empower and promote social vitality based on the potentials, neighborhood assets and community-based approach in the Koshtargah neighborhood, four types of strategies:SO, WO, ST, WT have been developed and presented for the neighborhood.   Manuscript profile
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        36 - Analysis on effective components in reducing the vulnerability of informal settlements against earthquakes Case study: Farahzad neighborhood Tehran Metropolitan Area 2
        سروش لطفی mahmod rahimi
        Introduction & Objective: Urban settlements have become more complex, and, consequently, instability has increased in these settlements. In this regard, the urban community, especially in its contemporary and modern forms, has been exposed constantly to a wide varie More
        Introduction & Objective: Urban settlements have become more complex, and, consequently, instability has increased in these settlements. In this regard, the urban community, especially in its contemporary and modern forms, has been exposed constantly to a wide variety of threats. Much of the damage caused by these hazards, more than the result of unexpected events, is a predictable result of the interaction of three major systems: the physical environment (including hazards), social and demographic characteristics, and moreover the mechanism is the management and planning system. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the vulnerability of Farahzad neighborhood and identify the effective factors on it. Farahzad neighborhood due to the non-chemical and erosive texture and the location near the Laser land fault in the event of an earthquake, the damage caused by it will be doubled. Method: In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytical method and has developed a comprehensive index and application of the AHP model in ArcGIS environment to analyze the vulnerability of Farahzad neighborhood. Also, the questionnaire was distributed among the residents of the neighborhood. The sample size is selected using the Cochran formula according to the neighborhood population. Thus, according to the population of 5931, 357 people have been selected as the sample size. Pearson and regression tests were used to analyze the questionnaire. Findings:The findings show that the quality of the building is the most important factor in reducing vulnerability to possible earthquakes. It was also found that Farahzad neighborhood is not in desirable position as a vulnerability, with 28% having high vulnerability and 13% high vulnerability. Finally, for analyzing the effective components of vulnerability reduction, the questionnaire was evaluated and analyzed by Pearson test and multivariate regression. The results of the test analysis indicate that the physical-environmental index in the first place, and then the institutional-management index, are an effective factor in reducing vulnerability. Conclusion:The existence of major weaknesses in the physical structure of the neighborhood, especially its passageways, has caused the region to be more vulnerable to crises during the crisis. In terms of institutional management, this neighborhood also has a lot of challenges. The necessity of paying attention to the crisis management agent is related to the management factors, so that the implementation of educational maneuvers and monitoring of construction can reduce the vulnerability of the neighborhood seriously.   Manuscript profile
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        37 - Measuring Villagers' Awareness of Sustainable Agriculture in Order to Preserve the Natural Ecosystem (Case study: Rural settlements along Lake Zarivar)
        Hamid Jalalian Loqhman Javed Farhad Javan Zari Ghasemiyan
        10.22034/jest.2019.26890.3585
        Background and Objective: Environmental protection and natural ecosystems are among the principles of sustainable development in the countryside. Development is compatible with the preservation of environmental, biological and related resources. In this regard, the pres More
        Background and Objective: Environmental protection and natural ecosystems are among the principles of sustainable development in the countryside. Development is compatible with the preservation of environmental, biological and related resources. In this regard, the present study aimed at evaluating environmental indicators based on the dimensions of sustainable development in rural settlements of Golchidar village in Marivan County. Method: The statistical population of this study was 16 villages of Golchider rural municipality (803) households, which were selected by available sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed using a sample size based on the number of households in each village. The research methodology is conducted in a descriptive and analytical manner, so that at the descriptive stage, the present situation is identified and in the process of work, using statistical analysis, we deduce and explain the results. Results: The results of environmental status indices using the Rij model in the studied villages indicate that among the 16 indicators surveyed, 8 indicators, 50% of the villages were in a complete state of instability and undesirable, in which the index of sewage facilities with a degree of sustainability 010 /. In the worst case, there are environmental indicators. One-sample t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental indicators and the instability of rural settlements studied. Conclusion: Regarding the fact that rural areas of the study area are not in desirable condition. it is necessary to review the status of indicators of sustainable development in the village of Golchidar and to have proper and effective management factors for preserving the village and its ecosystem. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Flood Risk Assessment and Zoning of Human Settlements in line with Sustainable Development using Fuzzy AHP in GIS Envoronmnet and DPSIR Model (Case study: Abali)
        Morteza Ghobadi Masumeh Ahmadipari Esmaeil Salehi
        Background and Objective: Flood risk assessment and zoning in human settlements is an important activity in line with sustainable development of human settlements. The reason is that these settlements are developed alongside the rivers, and bed and margins of torrential More
        Background and Objective: Flood risk assessment and zoning in human settlements is an important activity in line with sustainable development of human settlements. The reason is that these settlements are developed alongside the rivers, and bed and margins of torrential plains ignoring the hydrological and dynamical conditions of rivers and upstraem river basins that can increase flood risk and life, financial, and sub-structural damages. This study aims to identify the flood reasons and predict the range of subsequent damages within Abali area. Method: The conceptual model of DPSIR has been used to analyze the elements effective on the flood in the area. In DPSIR analysis of the area for its vulnerability against flood risk, societal, economic, spatial and environmental factors are considered asdriving forces. Then, the flood risk levele in the study area is determined by making plots for the driving forces and zoning the area. For this reason, Fuzzy AHP was used for calculation of layers weight and programming in MATLAB software was done to run it. Finally, risk zoning was carried out based on the weights extracted by Fuzzy AHP method in GIS environment. Results: The results show that from the total area of the case study, about 1788 hectare has a very high risk, 5098 hectare has a high risk, 6190.75 hectare has an average risk, and 3038.75 hectare has a low risk of flood. Conclusion: The results from integration of Decision Support Systems (DSS) models and GIS, as approved in previuos studies, indicate their high efficiency in identifying the areas with high flood risk. Therefore, it is essential to consider the zoning layers in planinig proceses, particularly rsik assessment. Manuscript profile
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        39 - A Model for Explaining Working Capital Management: A Structural Equilibrium Modeling Approach
        Syed Ali Mahdian Iraj Noravesh
        Working capital is a huge part of the company's capital and its management is of great importance. Because current assets and liabilities include items that directly contribute to the operating cycle of the company. Therefore, based on this argument, the present study a More
        Working capital is a huge part of the company's capital and its management is of great importance. Because current assets and liabilities include items that directly contribute to the operating cycle of the company. Therefore, based on this argument, the present study aims to provide a model explanation for working capital with financial performance and profitability of the company with the approach of structural equation modeling. For this purpose, a sample of 159 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010-2010 was selected. Working capital management (hidden variable) by observable variables (average payback period, average period of inventory turnover, average payment period, cash cycle, cash holdings, current ratio, and cash cycle turnover efficiency) and performance The financial and profitability of the company was also measured based on the rate of return on assets and the rate of return on equity. Following the assurance of the appropriateness of fitting the measurement and structural patterns of research, the results indicate that the management of working capital reduces financial performance. Also, the results of structural equations of this study showed that the management of working capital in accordance with the conservative policy of the manager leads to reduced profitability of the company Manuscript profile
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        40 - Study of Effective Factors on Rural Biological Settlements (Case Study: Sardasht City)
        Shirko Ahmadi
        Attention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and nat More
        Attention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and national development will not be successful. Development of rural settlements and ongoing dynamic process that in addition to economic aspects, the non-economic aspects of the experts and scholars have been strongly emphasized and recommended. Among the most important emphasis, knowing the capabilities of rural settlements with particular attention to how to deal with the natural environment full and serious consideration to the size and rural environment are expressed in studies and planning. In this research that is done with descriptive-analytical and with field survey methods has attempted to measure biological limitations of rural settlements in the mountainous areas in the city of Sardasht. The statistical population of this research is villages with more than 50 families that their number are 856 families in which, 200 families were selected as sample. Findings of the study suggest that factors such as the high slope of the ground, the mountainous region, non-biological facilities, long distances from the center of town and countryside has created so many problems for residents and villagers of that region have been forced to migrate. Generally, there is a meaningful relationship between geographical factors such as the slope of the land, geology, access to educational levels and life pattern that has created special biological patterns for the villagers.   Manuscript profile
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        41 - Scrutinizing the Role of Tourism Industry on Reducing the Housing Unsustainability in Informal Settlements (Case study: Manoochehri neighborhood in Hamadan)
        Mohammad Rahmani Masoomeh Delphani
        Manuscript profile
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        42 - Scrutinizing the role of tourism industry on reducing the housing unsustainability in informal settlements (Case study:Manoochehri neighborhood in Hamadan)
        Mohammad Rahmani Masoomeh Delphani
        Manuscript profile
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        43 - Policy-making to Promoting Social Vitality in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Koshtargah Neighborhood-Urmia)
        Rasoul Darskhan Nima Bayramzadeh
        The main purpose of this study is Policy-making to promote social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical. In this research, two documentary and field methods have been used. Data More
        The main purpose of this study is Policy-making to promote social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical. In this research, two documentary and field methods have been used. Data collection tools are in several forms: observation, questionnaire, interview, and receipt. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the Koshtargah neighborhood. In this research, the sampling method is non-probabilistic and available sampling and Cochran's formula has been used for sampling, which has a sample size of 372 people. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.724. Data analysis was performed quantitatively using the statistical method of one-sample t-test and policy-making using SWOT model and QSPM matrix. The results of this study indicate that the social, economic and physical dimensions of social vitality are not significantly different from the average level and this indicates the average level of vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood. According to the results of the one-sample t-test, it can be concluded that the situation of vitality is at a low level, which requires the development of special planning in order to policy the promotion of vitality in this neighborhood. according to the results of the internal and external matrix, social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood is strategically conservative in terms of strategic location in the area (WO), which requires taking advantage of opportunities to compensate for weaknesses. In this regard, based on optimal use of existing potentials in the neighborhood, Strategies have been developed and prioritized.Extended AbstractIntroduction:Today, urban society, especially metropolises, are involved in many problems, the objective manifestation of which can be seen in the increase of pollution, environmental problems, the spread of crime and the decline of social vitality of the people. Promoting social vitality as the main pillar of countries' development has various effects in individual and collective areas and the experiences of other countries show the positive impact of this issue on social welfare and social development. It can be boldly said that social vitality has become one of the most important developmental parameters today that plays a major role in the psychological and social excellence of society. Undoubtedly, our country is one of the developing countries and in this way it needs efficient and dynamic human resources. However, today, due to the uncontrolled migration of people from rural to urban areas and, by its nature, increasing urban population and inefficient urban management, they are facing a phenomenon called informal settlements. They suffer from poor living conditions, so that the people of these neighborhoods are employed as laborers to make a living and have no choice but to spend their free time. Therefore, promoting social vitality can be considered as one of the main tools to reduce social harms in settlements. The main purpose of this study is policy-making to promote social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood located in the city of Urmia, which is one of the informal settlements. In this regard, the main question of the research entitled is "What policies to promote social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood can be effective?"MethodologyThe study area in this study is the Koshtargah neighborhood located in the city of Urmia. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical. In this research, two documentary and field methods have been used. Data collection tools are in several forms: observation, questionnaire, interview and receipt. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the Koshtargah neighborhood. In this research, the sampling method is non-probabilistic and available sampling and Cochran's formula has been used for sampling, which has a sample size of 372 people. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.724. Data analysis was performed quantitatively using statistical method of one-sample t-test and policy-making using SWOT model and QSPM matrix.  The research process includes several stages such as: assessing the situation, compiling a statement of neighborhood goals, and policy making.Results and DiscsussionThe results of this study indicate that in the discussion of urban per capita, this neighborhood does not have any cultural and sports per capita and other per capita is also in short supply so that this issue directly affects the level of social vitality. Also, based on the results of the one-sample t-test, in the social dimension indicators evaluated, the status of three indicators of recreation and leisure, feeling of deprivation, and social welfare is lower than the average level and the three indicators of participation and sociability, local ceremonies and health are better than average. is. In the economic dimension indicators, the job satisfaction index is better than the average situation; The housing quality index is lower than the average, and the income satisfaction index is also moderate. Finally, in relation to physical indicators, the local level of security and landscape index is lower than the average level, the environmental pollution index is better than the average level, the public transportation access index is close to the average level, and finally the diversity and vitality indicators. And the sense of place, the fair distribution of uses, and the barren green space are mediocre. Based on the general results of the test, the social, economic, and physical dimensions are also moderate, so that this indicates the average level of vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood. By combining the results of the per capita situation of this neighborhood and the results of the tests, it can be concluded that the situation of vitality is at a low level, which requires the development of special planning in order to policy the promotion of vitality in this neighborhood. In this regard, using the current situation of the neighborhood and using the SWOT model and QSPM matrix, policies to promote vitality in this neighborhood have been presented. according to the results of the internal and external matrix, social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood is strategically conservative in terms of strategic location in the area (WO), which requires taking advantage of opportunities to compensate for weaknesses. In this regard, according to the results of the QSPM matrix, two strategies: "Cooperation of government agencies with influential people to recreate the physical environment of the neighborhood and eliminate the sense of deprivation" and "Creating a business corridor by eliminating and relocating annoying uses in the neighborhood." They have gained the most points, which are necessary to promote social vitality in this neighborhood.ConclusionsToday, social vitality is considered as one of the important elements in the index of development of urban communities and has favorable effects on individual and social characteristics such as mental, psychological, and physical states on residents. On the other hand, with the expansion of urban communities in developing countries, the phenomenon of marginalization has become more prevalent among city managers, which for various reasons has mushroom-like growth in different parts of the city and the number of these communities is increasing day by day. These settlements suffer from a high sense of deprivation due to lack of access to essential services in a neighborhood. Therefore, adopting correct policy-making and principled planning in order to promote vitality in these settlements is of great importance, which requires special attention of urban management to these urban areas. According to the presented strategies, in the policy section, based on three types of policies, subjectivist, objectivist, and purposeful, policies for promoting social vitality have been presented, which include promoting social capital and dynamism in the neighborhood. Local participatory regeneration, local scale investment, promotion of trade dynamism at the local level, physical-environmental development with dynamic approach and cultural engineering, and transformation of withered urbanism into urbanization are dynamic. Manuscript profile
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        44 - Policy-making of Promotion the Local Management Status in Informal Settlements
        Nima Bayramzadeh Amin Shahsavar Morteza Baghban Novini
              The main purpose of this study is policy is policy-making of promotion the local management status in informal settlements with community-based approach. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data c More
              The main purpose of this study is policy is policy-making of promotion the local management status in informal settlements with community-based approach. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection and information is survey. Two library and field methods have been used in order to study and formulate theoretical foundations related to the research topic. The SWOT model has also been used to analyze the data. Whereas the mechanism of the council's internal relations must move from "secretary-centered" to "council-centered"; The council and the municipality should have an efficient and transparent model, maintaining the independence of the supervisory body (council and council) from the executive body (municipality) in the type of neighborhood administration, considering the existence of three sides; The district municipality, the neighborhood house and the council in each neighborhood. Therefore, it seems that the project, due to its goal of empowering neighborhoods, can be effective in empowering and creating a communication channel between government organizations and neighborhoods. The results show that in order to improve the current situation of local management, certain combined strategies should be used, which are: Low-top planning with a combination of collective votes, Existence of a valid database in line with the requirements for neighborhood management, Increasing the participation of neighborhood residents with awareness in the field of neighborhood management and housing, Legal and constructive interaction of the urban management complex with the citizens and residents of the neighborhood.Extended AbstractIntroduction:    In recent decades, with dramatic changes in the spatial structure of urban neighborhoods, their political, social and economic role has diminished and deficiencies such as environmental pollution, unemployment, poverty, marginalization, housing, socio-psychological and cultural damage, especially the loss of material and spiritual capital. In today's local society, citizen participation in the management of urban affairs has decreased and the level of local community participation in the design of urban neighborhoods has decreased, which has made the urban management system inefficient and so, it requires structural reform and maximum use of partnership management. The main purpose of local community development is to help the local community to build capacity and participation of residents for development, to solve economic, social, environmental and cultural problems and on the other hand, the purpose of local community planning is to improve the effectiveness of public services to meet people's needs. Local communities and improving the quality of life for all. In this regard, a people's aid-council was established with the aim of facilitating local problem-solving mechanisms with a participatory approach. Aid-Councilors at the neighborhood level through direct communication with local residents and through non-governmental organizations should identify the needs, shortcomings and limitations of the neighborhood, and since aid-councilors do not have executive guarantees, problems should be solved by interacting with executive bodies. Informal settlements are one of the main challenges of urban management and knowing the patterns in these settlements will help to manage this type of housing. Empowerment of local communities is a new approach to solving the problem of urban poverty, which no longer considers building engineering and injection of mere financial resources as the solution, but social engineering with the support and facilitation of the public sector and local and non-governmental organizations and active participation. The main purpose of this study is to present a proposed strategy to launch neighborhood management in informal settlements with a community-based approach that has sub-objectives; Assigning local decision-making to the local community, increasing the participation of local people, improving the conditions for effective communication with interventionist organizations, and empowering the mentioned neighborhoods. Given the importance of the issue, it seems that the existence of local management and neighborhood housing in informal settlements is effective in improving the current situation of the neighborhood economically, socially, physically and creating a channel of communication with city managers.Materials and Methods:     The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection and information is survey. In order to study and formulate theoretical foundations related to the research topic, both library and field methods have been used. To achieve the objectives of this research will be done in two parts: documentary and field studies. Documentary study technique is based on taking notes from books and written works and will be used to know the opinions of experts in the field of concepts and based on content for theoretical issues related to the field of research. The SWOT model was also used to analyze the data, which ultimately provided strategies to improve neighborhood management. This model, provided fully implemented, will be an appropriate basis for policy-making.Results and Discsussion:     The aid-council has been established in order to carry out the actions of the councils and the neighborhood management in order to carry out the interactions and instructions of the municipality.Also, the goal of both projects is to empower the neighborhoods and follow the bottom-up planning. Differences in the degree of solidarity and belonging of citizens to the place of residence as well as the diversity of socio-cultural context in traditional and modern societies should be considered more in participatory planning. Given that aid-councils and local management as a model of participatory management of cities, to facilitate citizen participation at lower levels, especially neighborhoods, should be paid attention in the stages of establishment and how to determine its members to issues such as socio-cultural context and citizenship and the internal structure of the neighborhood in every city. After finding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the current management of the neighborhood, an evaluation matrix of external and internal factors of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities has been formed in order to obtain their weighted points. The obtained combined strategies from offensive, change direction, diversity and defensive strategies are as follows:Availability of physical site for neighborhood management and equipped with a valid database;Optimal interaction between neighborhood management and neighborhood residents with a trust building approach;Ability to use ICT for standard monitoring and regular reporting;Decentralized neighborhood management system and organic service process.Conclusions:      The need for citizen participation to improve the physical and socio-economic situation of urban neighborhoods is tangible and sensible. One of the strengths of settlements is the existence of social capital, regardless of its degree, so that the sustainable local management can be formed by valuing the connecting social capital and seeking participation. On the other hand, production in a city requires resources, interest and actors. In a situation of economic-financial deficit, even revenues with specific purposes (limited funds) as well as other revenues are increasingly important in the relevant budgets for efficiency and effectiveness in the management of informal settlements. It should be noted that the physical structure of the neighborhood reflects its strengths and weaknesses and issues. According to the research of this work, informal settlements generally have heterogeneity and conflict in their socio-cultural and physical contexts, and therefore, the issue of unsociability and lack of interaction among residents is rippling and this, makes the management of such residential areas doubly difficult, in other words, special bed and tools are needed for the dynamic presence of residents in the local community and to establish constructive interaction. Whereas the mechanism of the aid-council's internal relations must move from "secretary-centered" to "aid-councilor-centered"; and the council and the municipality should be in an efficient, transparent, clean model and maintaining the independence of the supervisory body (council and aid-council) from the executive body (municipality) in the type of neighborhood administration, considering the existence of three sides; District municipalities, neighborhood halls and aid-councils in each neighborhood, therefore, it seems that the plan, due to the purpose of empowering neighborhoods, can be effective in empowering and creating a communication channel between government agencies and neighborhoods. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Social Behaviors Pathology in Informal Settlements of the Cities of Khorasan Razavi Province, A Case Study of Mashhad, Neyshabur, Torbat-e Jam, Sabzevar and Sarakhs Cities
        Hojjat Hataminejad Hossein Hataminejad
        10.30495/ccd.2022.689106
        Manuscript profile
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        46 - Prioritizing Affecting Factors Influencing the Lack of Development of Tehran Industrial Settlements with Fuzzy Approach
        Abolfazl Alizade Hojjatolah Vahdati Mojtaba Golestani
        Industrial settlements in different regions of a country are looking for maximum benefit from the advantages of geographical, regional, economic and social with the least possible economic and social costs, and based on this logic, these settlements are also considered More
        Industrial settlements in different regions of a country are looking for maximum benefit from the advantages of geographical, regional, economic and social with the least possible economic and social costs, and based on this logic, these settlements are also considered as a solution to reduce the current problems of industrial cities and potential in industrializing cities. In brief, the experiences of developed countries and some developing countries show that if industrial gatherings are used properly accompanied by other measures, it will lead to encouraging industrialization and guiding the industry in terms of location, and essentially, it helps the goals of urban and regional planning and industrial and economic development. Accordingly, this study is looking for identification of factors affecting lack of absorption and the development of investment in industrial settlements of Tehran and determining the weight of these factors using fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Technique. In this research, the gathering of experts opinions using the questionnaire is made and using Lin triangular fuzzy scale, defuzzification is done. And finally, using the Super decision software final weights is determined. Based on the results, Identified factors in order of importance degrees were included: Macroeconomic policy, a lack of infrastructural facilities, lack of existence of the executive-management organization, institutional barriers and lack of optimal positioning. In the end, solutions to increase and develop industrial investment in industrial settlements of Tehran are also provided. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Strategic policy on reducing the rate of urban crimes in the informal settlements of Yasouj city, a case study (Madavan Sefali, Belhazar and Mehrian)
        sam hejazinia majid rahimi ali shamsoddini
        In recent years, the city of Yasouj has grown a lot in terms of physical and economic aspects and has been open to immigration, the most development is in the surrounding settlements of the city of Yasouj, and the increase in the phenomenon of marginalization is evident More
        In recent years, the city of Yasouj has grown a lot in terms of physical and economic aspects and has been open to immigration, the most development is in the surrounding settlements of the city of Yasouj, and the increase in the phenomenon of marginalization is evident. On the other hand, these settlements have affected the security of the city of Yasouj. Another goal of this research is to identify the factors affecting crime in the surrounding areas of Yasouj city and its effect on crime planning in order to reduce and solve urban crimes through social engineering and cultural empowerment of residents along with people's participation with a local approach. The current research is descriptive-inferential in nature and academic research (developmental-applied) in terms of its purpose, and it examines these effects with the focus of community-oriented policy on reducing the occurrence of urban crimes in the peripheral settlements of Yasouj city. The findings of this research show a direct relationship with a high percentage between crime planning and crime factors such as: poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, inefficient management, ethnic differences and their reduction through community-oriented empowerment with an emphasis on social engineering, awareness raising, foundation building and rail laying by the authorities. It represents locality through the comprehensive participation of local residents. Manuscript profile
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        48 - Evaluation of quantitative indicators of housing in informal settlements (Sample of August: Region 5 of Mashhad Municipality)
        bartali khakpoor mojgan yaghoubi
        of the rapid growth of urbanization and the increase of migration to the cities, the lack of housing in the metropolises has created the abnormal phenomenon of informal settlements. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired planning of the housing, the dimensions and i More
        of the rapid growth of urbanization and the increase of migration to the cities, the lack of housing in the metropolises has created the abnormal phenomenon of informal settlements. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired planning of the housing, the dimensions and indicators of the housing should be studied of the present research is of applied type and according to the descriptive-analytical nature. have been evaluated. The required information is used through the methods of libraries and documents from books, articles, theses, general population and housing census 1395, comprehensive and detailed plan, questionnaires and field studies and random sampling methods. In this research, the number of samples was obtained by using Cochran's formula, which according to the number of 54359 residential units located in Qala-e-Tsang district according to the district 5 municipal block statistics in 1400, the sample size is estimated to be 381 residential units.The findings and conclusions in this research, to the question "What is the current situation in the building castle in terms of quantitative indicators?" The answer can also compare these indicators with the conditions of a healthy city. According to the results obtained from the evaluation and comparison of quantitative indicators of housing, the condition of housing indicators in the fortress is generally considered unfavorable compared to the indicators of healthy housing. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Prediction of ground settlement induced by mechanized excavation in the Tehran Metro tunnel
        Saeed. hosseini Korosh. shahriar Masoud. monjezi MohammadReza. Bitarafan
        The main issue of tunnelling in urban environment is the prediction of the ground settlements induced by tunnelexcavation, which may cause damage to surface structures. In this paper are used empirical, analytical and threedimensional finite element methods (by ABAQUS p More
        The main issue of tunnelling in urban environment is the prediction of the ground settlements induced by tunnelexcavation, which may cause damage to surface structures. In this paper are used empirical, analytical and threedimensional finite element methods (by ABAQUS program) for the prediction of ground settlements inducedduring tunnel construction using EPB (earth pressure balance) excavation machine in part of the line 3 of Tehransubway. The results indicate that the three-dimensional FEM predicts a more realistic surface settlement value,and settlement profiles from empirical and analytical methods are narrower than numerical one. Moreover, themaximum predicted settlement by three methods is more than its suggested allowable value. Manuscript profile
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        50 - Evaluate of housing indices in the development of urban settlements using spatial information system (Case study of Semnan city)
        Atena Khorsandi Behroz Arasto Reza Sanaye
        The rapid expansion of cities has caused problems and delusions in determining the location of physical-spatial elements of cities . Today , most countries in the world face numerous challenges in urban management due to the unprecedented development of urbanization . T More
        The rapid expansion of cities has caused problems and delusions in determining the location of physical-spatial elements of cities . Today , most countries in the world face numerous challenges in urban management due to the unprecedented development of urbanization . This has forced city managers to use new technologies to improve planning , design , management, administration, maintenance and cost reduction. In this article we evaluate the quality of housing in Semnan. The favorable housing situation in different regions is one of the indicators of development in the countries of the world. The present study has investigated housing status in Semnan city using housing indices. Semnan city indicators (Regional land value, literacy percentage, access to housing services , population density, building quality , age of the building , How to occupy, Building Skeleton, Housing Pattern , Type of Building Facade Materials , Path Width , Number of Building Floors, Building Density) Integrated with urban housing quality approach through multi criteria evaluation method to extract final location quality index in GIS environment . The results show that 8 % are inappropriate , 37 % are suitable, 39 % are more suitable and 14 % are very good in terms of housing quality . Manuscript profile
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        51 - Assess the Level of Security in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Hakim Nezami Neighborhood-Urmia)
        Nima Bayramzadeh Zakaria Ahmadyan Abbaszadeh Shiva Yaser Mostafazadegan Henareh,
        The purpose of identifying crime hotspots is to classify and assess security by reducing crime prevention through environmental design, and given that this is more pronounced in informal settlements, this research has been studied in Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia. More
        The purpose of identifying crime hotspots is to classify and assess security by reducing crime prevention through environmental design, and given that this is more pronounced in informal settlements, this research has been studied in Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia. The present article is descriptive-analytical and applied. The method of data collection has been done in two ways: documentary and field. The statistical population is all the residents of Hakim Nezami neighborhood of Urmia, which according to the statistics of 1397, is 33,000 people, of which 379 people have been selected according to Cochran's formula and stratified random method. Data analysis has been done both quantitatively and qualitatively, in the quantitative dimension of statistical methods and in the qualitative dimension, the results of field observations and interviews have been analyzed. Examination of the results shows that using the neighborhood spatial data, the security of the western part is better than the eastern part of the neighborhood. According to the questionnaire data, the components of Natural Surveillance, Natural Accsess Control, Maintenance and support activities are in a higher position than the average level and the component of Territorial Reinforcement is in a lower position than the average level. This indicates the average level of security in this neighborhood. Also, according to the results of Friedman test, the component of Maintenance was in the first rank and the component of Territorial Reinforcement was in the last rank, which requires the adoption of strategies to maintain and increase security in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile
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        52 - The Archaeological Research at the Ancient Sites of Sirwan River Valley, Sanandaj and Sarvabad Counties, Kurdistan Province
        Shokouh Khosravi Saman Mostafapour Farhad Fatahi
        10.30495/peb.2023.702228
        The Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and bany More
        The Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and banyan trees, forming a V-shaped valley with a short width and a steep slope. This situation is not an ideal condition for the formation of sites and human settlements, and therefore, it was not logical to expect the discovery of many sites before the survey. This survey included only the catchment areas of Nayabad Dam, where in total 11 sites were identified. The oldest identified settlements, including 6 sites, belonged to the Parthian period, and no older findings were obtained from this survey. Just a site had evidence from the 4th to 6th A.H. centuries. It seems that the lack of ancient sites in the valley is most likely related to the geological and topographic conditions of the valley. The lack of arable land, the stony nature of the area, and the excessive slope of the land in the valley have caused the formation of only nine ancient sites and two cemeteries throughout the region. Locating on the slopes and being single-period sites are reasons we see only a small number of pottery pieces in most of the sites, which apparently are scattered in a natural bed without any archaeological deposits. To identify the endangered sites of the valley, four of them were excavated (tested by 3-5 sondages), three of which had the remains of seasonal settlements, and in the area of Deh Kohene 1, a graveyard from the Parthian period was revealed, where a simple pit grave and a burial pot were revealed from there. Due to the mentioned reasons, the Sirvan River valley from Nagal to Nai Abad has not had numerous and important settlements throughout history due to environmental conditions and topography. The distribution pattern of the ancient sites and the appearance of the archaeological deposits show that a pattern similar to today has been ruling in the region in the past. At present, for six months of the year, the people of the region live in scattered houses and places located in their agricultural land and gardens on the edge of the river and return to the village during the cold season. Undoubtedly, this pattern was formed due to environmental restrictions and has continued to the present. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Tal 11, A Chalcolithic Settlement in Talvar Dam Basin, Bijar, Kurdistan Province
        Hamed Zifar Hamidreza Valipour Abbas Motarjem
        Site No. 11 of Talvar dam was excavated in 2010 aimed to be salvaged and archaeologically studied. Preliminary studies indicated that there had been a nomadic area with chalcolithic pottery. Accordingly, there was a need to study the material culture (mainly pottery). I More
        Site No. 11 of Talvar dam was excavated in 2010 aimed to be salvaged and archaeologically studied. Preliminary studies indicated that there had been a nomadic area with chalcolithic pottery. Accordingly, there was a need to study the material culture (mainly pottery). In this article, first chalcolithic potteries of the area are generally presented and described; then, typology and classification of the findings are administered and comparing with the pottery data of the nearby areas, their relative dates are provided. Based on relative chronology, Tal 11 site dates to the first half of the fourth millennium B.C. (4000 to 3700 B.C) and is coincided with Dalma pottery tradition (middle chalcolithic). Tal 11, having its own local culture and pottery similarities within Talvar river basin, i.e. Tal 12 and Kalnan tepe, shows also similarities with western region of center of Iranian Plateau and Zanjan region, at least in relation with pottery tradition. Due to the types of potteries, lack of architectural traces, and deficiency of cultural deposits, it can be concluded that settlement of this area was temporary and nomadic. Manuscript profile
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        54 - Placement Archaeological Sites of Bronze Age in Saimareh Valley with Geographical Information System
        Khodakaram Mazaheri Rahim Nazari
        Geographical information system (GIS) is one of the technologies that in recently decades able to remarkable helpful to archaeology. With this system in the one side we able to preparing geographical various maps about space relation of archaeological sites with natural More
        Geographical information system (GIS) is one of the technologies that in recently decades able to remarkable helpful to archaeology. With this system in the one side we able to preparing geographical various maps about space relation of archaeological sites with natural resources in the perimeter them and on the other hand that system able to us to preparing variety patterns of the archaeological sites geographical distribution and at the finally we analysis it. We can use results of these studies in other such areas. In this research according to archaeological surveys that had done in the Saimareh Valley and with aid of GIS, we do explanation of the geography role in form and distribution of Bronze Age archaeological sites in this valley .In the first collect the required spatial and descriptive information and simultaneous we have prepared the required equipment. After enter the information to computer, in the next stage in GIS environment we analysis information, produce outputs in the form of table and map and produce data banks. Discovery relationship between archaeological sites and relationship between archaeological sites with natural resources; and then reveal it, is one of the most results that forming in the finally. Manuscript profile
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        55 - Description, Classification, and Typology Analysis of Parthian Pottery of Rumeshgan Region in Luristan
        Farshad Miri Naser Norouzzadeh Chegini Alireza Khosrowzadeh
        Rumshagan Plain located in the west of Luristan province is one of the almost unknown regions in Iran's archaeology. Despite the fact that in this area there are several works and settlements of the Parthian period, no targeted research has been carried out so far. Cert More
        Rumshagan Plain located in the west of Luristan province is one of the almost unknown regions in Iran's archaeology. Despite the fact that in this area there are several works and settlements of the Parthian period, no targeted research has been carried out so far. Certainly, the study of these settlements can provide a clearer perspective on the material-cultural status of the region as well as how its cultural interactions with neighboring areas. For this purpose, in this article, the findings of the Parthian pottery obtained from the survey of the enclosures of the Rumshagan settlements were studied, typology, comparison, and analysis. As a result, four types of ordinary pottery, glossy, painted, and glazed were identified. The comparative study and comparison of pottery show that the material culture of this region during the Parthian period, despite the influence of some indigenous local features, is ultimately part of the Western cultural landscape of the country. Other research findings highlight the link between the culture’s pottery culture and neighborhoods, such as Southwest, Northwest, and Mesopotamia. Manuscript profile
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        56 - An Analysis of Settlement Patterns of Kura-Araxes Culture in Eastern Kurdistan
        Zahra Rajabioun Ali Behnia Amir Saed Moucheshi
        The eastern part of Kurdistan Province, the region under Study, includes cities such as Bijar, Qorveh and Dehgolan. This region is a high plain which differs from western Kurdistan with respect to unevenness. Recently, this region has been archaeologically surveyed by t More
        The eastern part of Kurdistan Province, the region under Study, includes cities such as Bijar, Qorveh and Dehgolan. This region is a high plain which differs from western Kurdistan with respect to unevenness. Recently, this region has been archaeologically surveyed by the Cultural Heritage Organization successively. The research results cope with identifying the historical sites from the prehistoric to the Islamic periods. In this study, about 21 sites assigned to Kura-Araxes Culture have been identified. The main aim of the present study is to analyze the dispositional pattern in Kura-Araxes Culture of East Kurdistan and their relationship with natural environments. In this study, features such as altitude rate, farness from or nearness to the river, the extent of the, the slope rate, the direction, and so on have been taken into consideration. To this aim, GIS software has been used. The study shows settlements have been centered in southern part of the region under study and northern parts are almost barren of Kura-Araxes sites. The research results show the existence of several permanent and seasonal settlements patterns from the Kura-Araxes Culture in this region. A part of the paper has dealt with the analysis of these patterns. Manuscript profile
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        57 - The Impact of Land Tenure Security on Housing Investment at Informal Settlements (The Case of Eslamabad Neighborhood, Tehran)
        Bahram Alizadeh Morteza Mirgholami Hashem Dadashpoor Nayyer Farabiasl Andrew Allan
        Manuscript profile
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        58 - Linking urban marginality and socio-ecological systems to Highlight Research Areas in informal settlements upgrading: A literature review and future directions
        Sina Razzaghi-Asl
        10.22094/soij.2021.1930135.1418
        Manuscript profile
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        59 - Promoting Social and Cultural Aspects of Contemporary Apartment Residences in Tehran, Iran
        Yalda Shoohanizad Saeed Haghir
        Manuscript profile
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        60 - Investigating the Relationship Between Density and Social sustainability in Informal Settlements, Case Study: Khezr District of Hamadan
        Maryam Ghahremani
        Manuscript profile
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        61 - Examining the sentences of paying the debt of the deceased (tōzišn) and debt settlement (pēš-tōzišnīh) in Sassanid times from the Mādayān ī hazār dādestestān
        zahra hisseini
        Mādayān ī hazār dādestestān or Book of a Thousand Judgment is the only manuscript of the imperfect from the legal collection of the Sassanid period. This article is studying a legal term tōzišn means paying the debt and paying the debt of the deceased and compena More
        Mādayān ī hazār dādestestān or Book of a Thousand Judgment is the only manuscript of the imperfect from the legal collection of the Sassanid period. This article is studying a legal term tōzišn means paying the debt and paying the debt of the deceased and compenasting of the warranter and pēš-tōzišnīh the meaning of repayment and how the debtor's debt is settled and its purpose is to explain the legal rules to pay of the debt of the deceased and how to settle the debt in the civil society of the Sassanid period. For this purpose, a question arises: What did the legislators envisage in the issuance of Judgments tōzišn and pēš-tōzišnīh to pay the debt and settle it? Based on the existing laws, we find that, Legislators with awareness predicted possible disputes of survivors in the death of the deceased and the debtor's possible evasion of payment and even the debtor's financial poverty and issued rulings for pay the debt of the debtor and pay the debt of the deceased, duties of survivors, the debtor and guarantor are know; and disagreement is eliminated between the family and the legal creditor and by adopting legal solutions, does not exist way to avoid fulfilling the obligations. This article is theoretical and has been done with historical-analytical method. While interpreting the legal term tōzišn and pēš-tōzišnīh, we find its social function in the Sassanid period. Given the lack of documented research in this area, the need to address it is obvious. Manuscript profile
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        62 - The Impact of Nomads' Compulsory Settlement Policy on the Social Structure of the Lur Ethnicity of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province in the Pahlavi Era
        abdolrasool abbasi keramatoollah rasehk Majid Reza Karimi
        The article aims to consider the effect of mandatory settlement policy of the tribes on the social structure of the lur nation of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad at the age of Pahlavi dynasty. The method of this research was historical, in which the main sources, written and More
        The article aims to consider the effect of mandatory settlement policy of the tribes on the social structure of the lur nation of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad at the age of Pahlavi dynasty. The method of this research was historical, in which the main sources, written and verse book and documents remained from the past periods were used. The results of this study indicated that the tribe settlement policy was ended with making the immigrant people poor and also declining of the animal production. Many of the tribes were only waiting for Reza shah death to restart their immigration. If a tribe had opposed to the government, it would be oppressed by the government savagely and violently. The mandatory settlement policy sustained many dam. Manuscript profile
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        63 - Assessment of Tunnel Excavation on Surface Settlement
        Meysam Kalhor
        Manuscript profile
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        64 - Assessment of Subsurface Explosion caused by Tunnel Construction in Urban Areas
        Hossein Haghighimanesh Mohammad Azadi
        Manuscript profile
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        65 - A comparative study of perceived quality of urban life in families living in formal and informal settlements of Mashhad
        Simin Foroughzadeh Seyed Mahdi Panjtani
        10.30495/jwsf.2021.1940704.1611
        Quality of urban life is considered a major area in urban studies in different countries and attention to its multiple social, environmental and economic dimensions has been enhanced due to its role as a key component in urban management and planning and, in general, de More
        Quality of urban life is considered a major area in urban studies in different countries and attention to its multiple social, environmental and economic dimensions has been enhanced due to its role as a key component in urban management and planning and, in general, determining the extent of city livability.Quality of urban life is an effort to provide appropriate and accessible urban services to all in the context of sustainable development. Informal suburban settlements are areas whose pace of physical development and socio-economic prosperity is not in line with other urban areas and the quality of life in them is at a low level for various reasons. These settlements generally lack the adequate basic infrastructure of urban life and the residents of these areas do not have a satisfactory quality of life compared to the formal districts of the city. The objective of this study was to compare the perceived quality of urban life in families living in informal settlements with residents of formal areas of Mashhad. To accomplish this, the theory introduced by "Lee" on four dimensions of economic, social, environmental and physical components of quality of life as the basis of sustainable urban development was used., a sample of 630 heads of households in the twelve districts of Mashhad were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results show that the overall average of the quality of life index is 2.90 in the range of one to four, but there are differences between the two groups. The residents of formal settlements compared to the residents of informal settlements have a more positive assessment of the quality of their urban life in the three dimensions studied condition (Mean 3 versus 2.74 respectively) they. Comparison of general indicators of social dimension (social solidarity, sense of place attachment, informal participation in the neighborhood affairs, sense of family well-being and sense of security in the neighborhood) indicates the same assessment of both groups of respondents. It is only the informal participation in which residents of informal areas have a more positive assessment of their quality of life. The results indicate that there is relationship between the degree of development of urban areas and people perceived quality of urban life.     Manuscript profile
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        66 - The sociological analysis of unsustanability of urban development in informal settlements of metropolis (case study of Tabriz)
        Simindokh t Nematollahi
        In developing countries, urban areas grow mainly by migration of rural population, and it results in unplanned and informal growth spesially in metropolises. The unbalanced growth cause to unsustanability and appear in social and spatial discrimination, poverty, settelm More
        In developing countries, urban areas grow mainly by migration of rural population, and it results in unplanned and informal growth spesially in metropolises. The unbalanced growth cause to unsustanability and appear in social and spatial discrimination, poverty, settelment in high risk areas and the other same consequences. Tabriz, one of the Irans metropolises, had been proposed as the destination of emigration in north-west region befor the beginning of the development planning. The migrated population pushed and setteled on suburbs and unsustainable grounds with high steeps, because they had been unable for the charge of land price and not match in terms of social-economical aspects. House construction with poor materials and unstable structures, poverty and livelihood dependent on unstable jobs, existing of the high natural risk like earthquake and landslide, high growth rate of the population, inappropriate network in informal settelments and so on would be inevitable as long as the emigration contries. This issue brings up necessity of paying attention to sustability indexes in planning of informal settelments. Manuscript profile
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        67 - A comparative study of the extent of public participation in informal and planned urban settlement (Case study: Molla-zeynal and Dadgostari districts of Tabriz)
        Ali Panahi Majid Dadashpour Moghaddam Akbar Azar Pour
        10.30495/jss.2019.669584
        Global experiences show that from the 1980s onward urbandevelopment plans have received increasing attention to participatoryapproaches. To the extent that urban participation is currently the key tothe success of the urban development project, as well as one of thecrit More
        Global experiences show that from the 1980s onward urbandevelopment plans have received increasing attention to participatoryapproaches. To the extent that urban participation is currently the key tothe success of the urban development project, as well as one of thecriteria for assessing the performance of the urban management systemand its components (municipalities and city council). People'sparticipation in the development process is so credible that developmentis equivalent to participation. Participation is one of the main concepts ofsustainable development, hence, city managers have always tried byattracting people's participation, and they can best achieve their goals ofoptimal city management, especially in the suburbs of cities. Consideringthe importance of people's participation in good city management, thepurpose of this research, is a comparative study of public participation ininformal and planned settlements (case study: Dadgostary Neighborhoodand Mollazinal neighborhood). In this research, descriptive-analytical andsurvey research has been used. The statistical population of the study iscitizens of Dadgostary Neighborhood and Mollazinal neighborhood.Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 385 heads of householdsfrom two neighborhoods of Tabriz city randomly selected andinformation collected by documentary and fieldwork and SPSS softwarewas used to analyze the data. In this research, one-sample test, Pearsoncorrelation coefficient and regression were used to test the researchhypotheses. The results of the research suggest that, the higher theresidence of the residents in a neighborhood, the more important in termsof history and antiquity, and the greater the sense of ownership andresponsibility of its residents to their residency. Also, the greater thesense of social belonging of citizens, the more their involvement in urbanmanagement. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Reconciliation of suicide with amputation
        Javad Habibitabar Sayyd Mohammad Sajadi
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.705641
        According to the opinions of the jurists, and based on the principles of the Shiites, the first principle in premeditated killing is retribution. But Islamic law gave this right to the guardians of the murdered, so that they could fully forgive their right or forgive an More
        According to the opinions of the jurists, and based on the principles of the Shiites, the first principle in premeditated killing is retribution. But Islamic law gave this right to the guardians of the murdered, so that they could fully forgive their right or forgive and make their pardon depend on money. However, sometimes there are cases in which it is not possible to carry out "qisas al-nafs" for certain reasons, and the guardians refuse to give up financial matters or pardon. In this case, is it for the guardians of the murdered to ask for a compromise by cutting off the limb instead of self-retaliation? This reconciliation, on the one hand, will heal the pain of the victim's loss of guardians, and on the other hand, it will save the soul of the perpetrator. This new issue clashed with supporters and opponents, and accordingly two opinions were raised, and after explaining and criticizing them, the final opinion was based on the permissibility of replacing self-punishment for amputation with the content analysis method. On the evidence, including the legality of reconciliation, the preponderance of pardon over retaliation, the evidence of the necessity of self-preservation, etc., is a solution to overcome the problems arising from the promise of impermissibility. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Investigating the Role of Psychological Capital in Empowering Residents of Informal Settlements (Case Study: Rasht City)
        Ahmad Pour Ahmad maryam jafarimehrabadi hamid rokhsari amir ranjbari
        Informal settlements are a major problem in today's cities, especially in developing countries.In this paper, considering the psychological concept of empowerment, the status of the psychological capital in order to empower in three different types (band and assault, ru More
        Informal settlements are a major problem in today's cities, especially in developing countries.In this paper, considering the psychological concept of empowerment, the status of the psychological capital in order to empower in three different types (band and assault, rural background, agricultural land division) from unofficial settlements of Rasht city has been discussed. The variables of the present research are: self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience of residents in empowerment-related issues such as the quality of housing, employment opportunities, educational opportunities, ... in the form of appropriate operating procedures. In analyzing the data collected using SPPS software, Fisk test (F test) and Tukey post hoc test were used for the purpose of the study .Findings of the research show that in informal settlements of the second species (informal settlements with rural background), human resources of these settlements in terms of psychological capital in a more desirable condition to two species Are located. Manuscript profile
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        70 - The study of the Causes of Informal settlement Formation (Case Study: Zaynabee koye neighborhood Pakdasht Township)
        hossein hataminejad seyed mohammad hossein moosavi Mohammad Hajian Hossein-Abadi mohammad reza zarafshan vahid yousefi
        With the occurring of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the world's population, especially in the cities, has grown steadily, as in 1804, the world's population reached a billion people for the first time. The population increase in urban areas originally appeared in More
        With the occurring of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the world's population, especially in the cities, has grown steadily, as in 1804, the world's population reached a billion people for the first time. The population increase in urban areas originally appeared in European and developed countries, with the population of urban population of Europe and the United States increasing by about 200 years, from 1750 to 1950, but this increase was made at a reasonable pace. Which has reached about one billion people for about 200 years. But since 1950, the population has entered a new stage and it has entered the world of developing countries. In contrast to the previous period, this stage was accompanied by a rapid increase in urban population, with urban populations reaching more than two billion people, and it is anticipated that this increase will continue until 2030. This increase in its population has led to problems especially for urban executives, including: pollution, increasing the crime, rising unemployment, especially among young people, housing shortage, deprivation, informal settlements, etc. Today, one of the most important challenges Urban managers is Informal accommodation, as we see in many parts of the world. In Iran, we have witnessed the formation of this phenomenon since the 1940s, but this phenomenon began to grow in the 1970s Manuscript profile
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        71 - Measurement of the relationship between the quality of housing and Security of tenure in urban spontaneous settlements (Case study: Naysar, Sanandaj city)
        jila sajadi farid vahedi yeganeh akbar mohammadi
        Informal settlements have been one of the major outcomes and features of contemporary urbanization in developing countries, including Iran. Among all the problems that these settlements have, security capture is one of the most important issues that it faces. The right More
        Informal settlements have been one of the major outcomes and features of contemporary urbanization in developing countries, including Iran. Among all the problems that these settlements have, security capture is one of the most important issues that it faces. The right to housing is essential to improve the living conditions of residents in these settlements, and the lack of it leads to a lack of willingness to participate, lack of investment in improving housing and psychological harm in the residents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational safety and physical quality of housing in the urban spontaneous area of Naysar, Sanandaj. The present study is a descriptive-analytic research method. Data were collected using a survey method and a questionnaire. Sampling was purposeful and from the 7730 households in the range, 366 households were selected using a Cochran formula with a confidence level of %93 for questioning. Data were analyzed by SPSS software including factor analysis, multivariate regression, Pearson correlation test, mean test and path analysis. The results showed that the factor of security of occupational security with a numerical value of "0.846" was more effective than contracting and experiencing security factors on the physical quality of housing in Naysar. Also, the results of the path analysis showed that there was a direct and positive relationship between security capture indicators with the quality of housing, the quality of housing in this area will increase as property security indexes increase Manuscript profile
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        72 - Analysis of spatial justice in desert settlements with an emphasis on urban public services (Case study of Sistan and Baluchestan province)
        Abbas Alipoor ehsan alipori Mehdi Alizadeh
        Achieving spatial justice in the distribution of urban public services, including the provision of transportation, warehousing and communication services for fair use and the equal use of environmental capacities, is an important goal of urban planners. This research is More
        Achieving spatial justice in the distribution of urban public services, including the provision of transportation, warehousing and communication services for fair use and the equal use of environmental capacities, is an important goal of urban planners. This research is an applied and descriptive methodology that analyzes spatial justice with emphasis on urban public services in Sistan and Baluchestan province. In order to study the process of doing this, indicators were first developed for this purpose. In the following, we discussed this in two steps: in the first step, using the ArcGis software and through the relationships existing in this software, first, the dispersion of public service indicators in the province using the tool Hot Spot was analyzed. Using decision making models such as TOPSIS and VIKOR, the status of Sistan and Baluchestan province was determined in terms of access to public services with emphasis on spatial justice. Also, in the next step, using the geographical weight regression model The GWR investigated the relationship between native distribution and distribution of public services in this desert province. The results indicate that the access to urban public utilities in this province is inappropriate and Zahedan city with the strong political centrality is in the best position. Manuscript profile
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        73 - A comparative study of social stability indices for housing (case study: Ahvaz socially excluded localities)
        faeghe sarhani mohammad hasan yazdani saeed amanpour
        In recent years, sustainable development and therefor sustainable development for neighbourhoods have been proposed in scientific community. This is closely connected to socail damage, environmental issues, security, collaboration and urban management. For the developme More
        In recent years, sustainable development and therefor sustainable development for neighbourhoods have been proposed in scientific community. This is closely connected to socail damage, environmental issues, security, collaboration and urban management. For the development of sustainable housing in urban neighbouhoods, 10 indicators has been used in social dimension. The aim of this inverstigation was comparative study of sustainability indicators for housing in informal settlement areas of Ahvaz. Research population was families living in informal areas. 384 individuals were cochranʾs sample size. In order to increase the accuracy of research, 450 questionnaires were distributed. 18 neighbourhoods in city border were chosen out of 6 distinguished districts. Nonparametric tests such as Manu-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for analysis and comparison amany neighbours. The prioritization was bused on the results of sustainity of neighbourhoods: Zergan, zoviye 1 and zoviye 2 with a score of 5 had a stable level for their local identity, a sense of homeplace and residentʾs co-opration. Aliabad, Manbaʾ ab, Hasir abad and taher neighbourhoods with a score of 4 were known as relatione stable.Al-e-Safi, Mallashia, Nehzatabad and Krishan as semi stable and Goldasht, upper chenibeh and Allavi neighbourhoods were known as relatively unstable and Golbahar, Razmandeghan and sayyahi Alley were unstable. Manuscript profile
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        74 - Assessing the level of social vitality in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Koshtargah-Urmia)
        Rasoul Darskhan Nima Bayramzadeh
        The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood to provide solutions to improve the social vitality in the neighborhood by examining the potentials, limitations and assets of the neighborhood. The research method is appli More
        The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of social vitality in the Koshtargah neighborhood to provide solutions to improve the social vitality in the neighborhood by examining the potentials, limitations and assets of the neighborhood. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. The materials used in this study have been collected in both documentary and field interpretations. Data collection tools include: observation, questionnaire, interview and note-taking. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the Koshtargah neighborhood. In this study, the sampling method is random and for sampling, Cochran's formula has been used, which is the sample size is 372 people. the dimensions used in this study include social, economic and physical dimension. Two quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used to analyze the collected data and information. In the quantitative dimension, statistical methods (descriptive and inferential) are used and In the qualitative dimension, the results of field observations and interviews were analyzed. The results of this study indicate the existence The average direct relationship between social, economic and physical dimensions and their dialects with social vitality. It is also in the assessment of the level of social vitality with an average of 2.52 at the downward average level. Manuscript profile
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        75 - Study the Social Instability in Informal Settlements Based on the Challenges of Sustainable Urban Development (Case Study: 2nd District in Tehran Farahzad Neighborhood)
        Mohammad Sadegh Taher Tolou Del Marzieh Zare Seyedeh Ashraf Sadat
        The research method was analytic-survey based on observation and using a questionnaire tool. The sample size of 130 households was selected by simple random sampling method. The validity of the tool has been verified according to the opinion of the experts and managemen More
        The research method was analytic-survey based on observation and using a questionnaire tool. The sample size of 130 households was selected by simple random sampling method. The validity of the tool has been verified according to the opinion of the experts and management experts and behavioral sciences. The reliability of this tool was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method higher than 0.7. According to experts, with the help of factors such as physical, social, economic and environmental factors can improve informal housing. The amount of each of these components in order; The socio-cultural component is 34.10%, the economic component is 29.55%, the physical component is 27.25% and the environmental component is 9.10%. Much of informal settlements Farahzad neighborhood, is due to migration for a better life. The margin of the neighborhood is characterized by dissatisfaction and lack of social citizenship. As a result, improving the housing situation and social and cultural infrastructure is one of the most important priorities in improving the situation in the Farahzad neighborhood. The main feature of the urban sustainability development approach can be explained based on the theory of social change. This perspective looks more towards the socioeconomic and cultural construction of the urban community, rather than looking outside the community to root out the causes of injuries and social instability in order to find out the causes of social injuries and instabilities. Manuscript profile
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        76 - تبیین عوامل موثر بر سکونتگاههای انسانی غیررسمی از منظر کیفیت های عینی و ذهنی
        shirin shahideh Mohammad Hadi Kaboli Fariborz Dolat Abadi Vahid Shali Amini
        توسعه سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در شهرها و بویژه کلانشهرها، مفهومی از کیفیت را زندگی شهری مطرح می‌کند که باید مورد توجه و تجدید نظر قرارگیرد. در این راستا، مطالعه حاضر بر روی جوامع غیررسمی تمرکز کرده و به معرفی مولفه‌های کیفیت مربوط به محیط مصنوع از منظر کیفیتهای عینی و کیفیت More
        توسعه سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در شهرها و بویژه کلانشهرها، مفهومی از کیفیت را زندگی شهری مطرح می‌کند که باید مورد توجه و تجدید نظر قرارگیرد. در این راستا، مطالعه حاضر بر روی جوامع غیررسمی تمرکز کرده و به معرفی مولفه‌های کیفیت مربوط به محیط مصنوع از منظر کیفیتهای عینی و کیفیتهای ذهنی در ارتباط با رضایت ساکنین از سکونتگاه در قالب ویژگیهای کالبدی–فضایی بستر این سکونتگاهها، با نقشی بی ‌بدیل در شکل دهی به نوع زندگی ساکنین، می‌پردازد. در این پژوهش با تمرکز بر محور اصلی از روش تحقیق کیفی و از راهبرد پیمایشی استفاده شده ‌است که با بهره‌گیری از اسناد کتابخانه‌ ای، روشهای تحلیل نظرسنجی و مشاهدات مستقیم از فضا به جمع‌‌آوری و تحلیل داده‌ها پرداخته ‌است. همچنین روش تحلیل سلسله‌‌مراتبی دلفی فازی به منظور ارزیابی نظر متخصصان و نیز تکنیک انتروپی شانون در جهت وزن‌‌دهی و اولویت‌بندی نهایی شاخصهای کیفیت بدست آمده از پرسشنامه دلفی استفاده شده‌ است. در بخش مطالعه اسنادی، 33 مولفه کیفی بدست آمده و از منظر "ارتقا کیفیت سکونتگاههای غیررسمی" با روش دلفی ارزیابی شدند. در غربالگری اولیه، 9 مولفه و در ادامه بنا به نظر متخصصین 3 مولفه دیگر از لیست حذف شدند. در نتیجه این مطالعه به 21 مولفه نهایی کیفیت دست یافت که زیر مجموعه دو بعد اصلی کیفیت‌های عینی و ذهنی قرارگرفته و سپس در 7 دسته موضوعی طبقه‌بندی شدند. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل مولفه‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک شانون نشان می‌دهد که مولفه‌ها در بعد "رضایت ساکنین" و نیز در دسته موضوعی "امنیت و ایمنی" بیشترین تاثیر را در بالابردن کیفیت سکونتگاههای غیررسمی دارا هستند. همچنین در میان تک شاخصها، "جلوگیری از جرم و جنایت"، "دسترسی و نفوذپذیری" و نیز "تسهیلات و زیرساختها" موثرترین مولفه های لیست بدست آمده در بافتهای غیر رسمی هستند و در نهایت تحلیلها به این نتیجه رسیدند که مولفه‌های دسته "عملکرد"، کم اثرترین در میان دسته‌های موضوعی تعریف شده می‌باشند. Manuscript profile
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        77 - Assessing the factors affecting urban livability in informal settlements, study of Zone 14 of Esfahan
        Mehrdad Mahlouji َAhmad Khademolseiny Hamid Saberi Safar Ghaed rahmati
        The livability approach means the ability of a place to meet the biological needs of residents, both material and immaterial, in order to improve the quality of life and create a flourishing environment for the capabilities of the general public, and since informal sett More
        The livability approach means the ability of a place to meet the biological needs of residents, both material and immaterial, in order to improve the quality of life and create a flourishing environment for the capabilities of the general public, and since informal settlements have little use of urban services and facilities. And need to pay attention to urban quality, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting urban viability in informal settlements in the 14th district of Isfahan. The research method is applied and is in the framework of descriptive-analytical methods. Survey, documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. Also, PLS statistical techniques and multi-criteria decision making method have been used to analyze the collected information. From the results obtained in the evaluation, the economic index in urban livability with a total average of 2.13, is lower than the standard average and more dissatisfaction among residents. Among the indicators examined in the economic index, the investment situation in neighborhoods with The average of 1.8 has the lowest satisfaction among the residents of the neighborhoods. At the same time, the physical index with a total average of 2.58 is more satisfied, but it is lower than the standard average, and in this index, the indicator of the status of religious services with an average of 3.24 is the most satisfied Manuscript profile
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        78 - Analysis of the Level of Satisfaction Residents of Informal Settlements Using the Codas Model (Case study: City Of Port Imam Khomeini)
        hassan sahmpoor abbas maroofnezhad
        The aim of this study is to evaluate the social, economic, physical and biological indicators with emphasis on the satisfaction of the residents of the four informal settlements of Port Imam Khomeini. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey based o More
        The aim of this study is to evaluate the social, economic, physical and biological indicators with emphasis on the satisfaction of the residents of the four informal settlements of Port Imam Khomeini. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and survey based on the collection method. The research data were collected based on a questionnaire and Cronbach's method was used to evaluate the reliability of the research instrument and face validity was used to determine the validity. The statistical population of the study is four informal settlements in Port Imam Khomeini city and the number of samples was through Cochran's method. The results of the research are based on the average of all indicators using “ T-test “. The results show: the level of residents' satisfaction in the economic index with 2.22 percent and also in the variables of income-cost, environmental health and security with 2.02, 2.24 and 2.31 the lowest rate among. Other indicators and Has research variables Also, the results of the coding technique show: town Vali -e- Asr (gamma) with Hi value (final values as a function of options) 0/162 first place and respectively: Sabaghan town-Camp B and pump house No. 4 and Jolf al-Molh with 0.056 and -0.063 and -0.154 are in the second to fourth ranks of satisfaction. Manuscript profile
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        79 - Climate Change and Urban Instability: Assessment of the Consequences of Climate Migrants on Cities, Case Study: Zahedan City
        Hossein Yaghfoori Esmail Rahmani
        Earth's climate has always been changing throughout history, but with the beginning of the industrial revolution, the human role in climate change has increased. This is mainly due to the increase in the consumption of fossil fuels, urbanization, deforestation, desertif More
        Earth's climate has always been changing throughout history, but with the beginning of the industrial revolution, the human role in climate change has increased. This is mainly due to the increase in the consumption of fossil fuels, urbanization, deforestation, desertification, etc., climate changes in human societies can lead to the migration of millions of people, the consequences of climate change The distribution of human population is not clear and unpredictable. The reflection of the displacement of the population appears in the cities and causes the formation of immigrant settlements in the peri-urban areas of big cities. The main goal of this research was to investigate the effects of climate change on the instability of Zahedan city. To achieve this goal, the average maximum and minimum data of temperature and relative humidity elements and total precipitation on a monthly scale related to Zahedan synoptic station in the 30-year statistical period from 1990 to 2020 were used. In this research, the non-parametric method of SENS test was used to evaluate the trend and spi was used for the standard precipitation index; Finally, 100 samples were used to test the questionnaire data. The results in the trend section showed that in the minimum, the most changes were related to the months of April, May, September, and October, and the maximum temperature changes occurred in the months of April, August, and October. In relative humidity, the biggest changes were in the form of a decrease in relative humidity in the month of November. The drought process based on the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) started in 1997, in fact, from 1998 to 2020, except for 2015, when the situation was relatively wet, Zahedan experienced drought in the rest of the years. The city had excellent and suitable conditions during the review period of 1991 and 1995 only. The results of the research based on the data of the questionnaire about neighborhood sustainability show that the highest average value is 2.3 related to the environmental dimension and the lowest average value is 2.5 related to the physical dimension. The overall neighborhood stability average is 2.8. This figure shows the weak stability (instability) of the researched neighborhoods, it can be said that the stability of the neighborhoods in the studied neighborhoods is not in a good condition and the citizens are dissatisfied in this regard. Manuscript profile
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        80 - The role of natural factors in the settlement of ancient sites Payab Simreh 2 Basin Using the AHP model
        Farzaneh Gholami .Mehran Maghsoudi shirin mohammadkhan
        This research investigated the relationship between the natural and geomorphological structures of the region, including: altitude, temperature, distance from the main river and distance from the drainage network, slope, geology, land use and the type of landforms, on t More
        This research investigated the relationship between the natural and geomorphological structures of the region, including: altitude, temperature, distance from the main river and distance from the drainage network, slope, geology, land use and the type of landforms, on the distribution of ancient sites. In this research, hierarchical analysis model was used to spaial selection of the area. After analyzing the data, the relative weight of the options, sub-criteria, criteria and the final weight of the options of each layer was calculated in Excel software. The findings of the research showed that the settlement of the areas was inversely related to the height factor, the distance from the permanent river and the slope, among the geomorphological factors. Barracks and Tepe Mahor have the highest coefficient of importance. About 89% of the enclosures are located in suitable places and less than 3.5% of the enclosures are located in inappropriate locations. According to Pearson's correlation, the factors of slope, height, distance from permanent river were identified as the most important factors in the distribution of ancient sites in bottom Seymareh 2 basin. Manuscript profile
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        81 - Affecting Factors on the crime rate increase in the informal settlements(Case study: pakdasht city)
        masoume pazoki Davood Shaikhi Mokhtar Yourdkhani
        Marginalized has made urban management encountered with a major challenge in the current era. Because on the one hand, it provides the background of committing crimes, and on the other hand, view of the city has been ugly due to the  mushrooming increase of informa More
        Marginalized has made urban management encountered with a major challenge in the current era. Because on the one hand, it provides the background of committing crimes, and on the other hand, view of the city has been ugly due to the  mushrooming increase of informal settlements, Hence it can be said that, marginalization will make the city face challenges in terms of aesthetic and security due to abnormal behavior which are emergent of population critical load. This study seeks to identify the influencing factors in crime rate increase in the informal settlements of PAKDASHT. The research method is descriptive – analytical and the data collection methods included questionnaires and interviews. The statistical sample included 62 people residents of informal settlements in PAKDASHT, experts and some city officials. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and parametric tests (ANOVA, T-test and Step-wise Regression) were used in order to determine the significant evaluation of affecting factors in the crime increase in the informal settlements. Regression test results show that there is relationship between all of research factors (sub structural, economic, social, cultural, structural, legal institutional and security) and an increase in crime. According to this test, all components of the study are significant at alpha level 0.05, But the economic factor has the most value (0.974) and the legal factor has the least value (0.935).   Manuscript profile
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        82 - Explanation of the institutional-managerial reasons for the formation of informal settlements in Iran
        منیژه لاله پور پوران کرباسی فروش هوشنگ سرور
        In the increasing current development of cities, organizations and institutions, some encountered problems and complexities are the resultsof the increase of failures in the area of urban management. One of the problems added to the lots of problems of urban management More
        In the increasing current development of cities, organizations and institutions, some encountered problems and complexities are the resultsof the increase of failures in the area of urban management. One of the problems added to the lots of problems of urban management and has become worse and considering the current trend of globalization of the world has been regarded as the crisis is the issue of informal settlements. This study aims is to explain the influencing institutional-administrative reasons in the formation of informal settlements and finally to provide fundamental solutions in order to improve them. The method of research is a scientific-survey one. The data collected from written documents and references has been descriptively organized considering the subject and essence of this research. The regional management and programming system in Iran with the total direct and indirect effect (0.622) is ranked 1, in local management (0.515) is in the rank of 2, in the defined terms and conditions in the plans of urban development (0.384) in the rank of 3, in the programs and regulations monitoring the constructions in the legal area and privacy of cities (0.309) in the rank of 4, in the social, economic and bioenvironmental macro policy making (0.261)in the rank of 5, in the plans and policies of housing of low-income earners (0.179)in the rank of 6, in the regulations governing the process of separation and segmentation of the land in Iran (0.168)in rank 7, in the organizations of civil society and privacy section (0.158) in the rank of 8 and in the weakness of urban culture (0.114) is in the rank of 9. Manuscript profile
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        83 - The Effects of Financial Support Plans on Justifying Urban Spatial Inequality (A Revision of Rio de Janeiro Planning Experience in the Last Three Decades)
        Reza Kheyroddin mohammad ghaderi
        Urban spatial inequality in informal settlements is more apparent especially in the developing countries, with various roots and reasons and its modification is arduous. Since last decades Rio de Janeiro has been exposed to informal settlements. Almost these settlements More
        Urban spatial inequality in informal settlements is more apparent especially in the developing countries, with various roots and reasons and its modification is arduous. Since last decades Rio de Janeiro has been exposed to informal settlements. Almost these settlements have dispersed all over the city leading to the formation of spatial inequality. Therefore many plans with financial support have developed to remove the existing spatial inequality in last three decades. This research tried to analyze the variation of urban inequality gap between 1985 and 2015 and to answer this question that whether extensive plans can reduce urban spatial inequality or whether spatial gap among other regions have raised due to services costs. First, we revised plans of financial supports and then analyzed urban condition from several aspects. The research method is analytical – descriptive since Rio experience can be a model for urban planning in Iran as this type of research is an applied one. In this study, analysis of different aspects is based on numerical methods as the correlation coefficient, variation coefficient, Gini coefficient, and for showing the spatial inequality, GIS was used. It was concluded that financial supports have good influence on Favela’s infrastructure and may improve their levels. Favela’s population have increased but the variation of house price Gini coefficient reveal raise of inequality gap among Rio regions. As a result, not only financial support plans could modify urban inequality but it may have the reverse outcome and the inequality gap would be intensified. Manuscript profile
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        84 - A Comparative Evaluation of Objective and Subjective Indicators of Life Quality in Informal Settlements in Varamin
        seyed abbas rajaei vahid abbasifallah esmaeil najafi
        One of the clearest indicators of fast growth in cities in developing countries like Iran is informal settlements. In this research, the situation of informal settlements in Varamin has been analyzed. The settlements include five neighborhoods including Lorabad, Amroaba More
        One of the clearest indicators of fast growth in cities in developing countries like Iran is informal settlements. In this research, the situation of informal settlements in Varamin has been analyzed. The settlements include five neighborhoods including Lorabad, Amroabad, Gol Tappeh, Sakina Banoo, Deh Shrifa. This is a descriptive-analysis research. In this regard, the qualities of life in these neighborhoods have been examined in both objective and subjective aspects. Therefore, a random sampling was used where 381 people were selected in order to measure the subjective quality of the residents. Then the situation of economic, social, and physical indexes of these neighborhoods were assessed using questionnaire and field observations. The objective quality of these neighborhoods was assessed using statistics and official documents too. The GIS and SPSS software were used to evaluate the correlation between objective and subjective indicators. According to the research findings, the correlation between two objective and subjective indicators was 0.90 which was very high. However, the residents’ satisfaction level of the physical, economic, and social situations was very low. The average public satisfaction form neighborhood situation based on the Likert scale (1-5) was just 2.32. This shows unfavorable situation of the neighborhoods as far as municipal services, as well as economic and physical status are considered. In total, we can conclude that due to the lack of attention on the part of Varamin authorities and its municipality to use of existed barren lands efficiently, and the lack of attention to waste lands have all led to the growth of informal settlements and illegal constructions and if we do not focus on these matters on time, they will be expanded and become worse problems in future. Manuscript profile
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        85 - Analysis of the Impact of Rational Action Indicators on Citizens' Participation in Informal Settlement Empowerment Plans (A Case Study of Informal Settlements of Vakil Abad and Islamabad 2 in Urmia)
        Leila Rahimi Hadis Bordbar Ronak Jamshidi
        The rapid growth of the city and the consequent increase in urbanization has led to major problems, including the increase of informal settlements in developing countries such as Iran. Accordingly, the type and nature of dealing with the phenomenon of informal housing a More
        The rapid growth of the city and the consequent increase in urbanization has led to major problems, including the increase of informal settlements in developing countries such as Iran. Accordingly, the type and nature of dealing with the phenomenon of informal housing are the issues that have a special place in urban planning and management. In the past, various approaches to the problem of informal settlements have become commonplace and widely used in different countries. But the ineffectiveness of the plans forced the government to adopt a new approach to enable residents in the late 1980s. In general, considering a multidimensional and more comprehensive enabling approach somewhat covers the previous weaknesses. Also, the use of participatory practices in the empowerment of informal settlements is one of the strategies that are now underlined by urban scholars. The necessity of using the rational indicators in promoting the participation of people in implementing the plans of informal settlement enabling becomes more and more important. The present article attempts to investigate the effect of the scale of rational action (assessment of cost and benefit) on improving the participation of people in implementing various plans for the enabling of informal settlements. The statistical population of the study includes residents of informal settlements of Vakil Abad and Islamabad 2 in Urmia and the sample size covers 150 households. The research method in this study is descriptive-comparative and is based on documentary and questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha, statistical methods, Pearson, and linear regression tests in Spss were used to obtain the necessary data. The research results have been used to gain a better understanding of the location to examine the physical, social and environmental aspects of the location. The results indicate that, by promoting the level of rational action indicators, the level of participation of residents in the implementation of enabling plans increases. Also, the results of the Path model analysis demonstrate that the effectiveness of government recommendations in enabling plans with a score of 0.490 and the effectiveness of enabling plans with a score of 0.445 has the highest effect. The utility index of demolition of residential units and their aggregation with a score of 0.128 and also a timely performance of the projects by the municipality with a score of 0.292 had the least effect on popular participation. Manuscript profile
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        86 - Assessing and Evaluating the Vulnerability of Buildings against Earthquakes (A Case of Marand)
        Ebrahim Taghavi rasul samadzadeh mohamad taghi masomi
        The location of most of the cities in the boundaries of active faults has increased the vulnerability of urban buildings to earthquakes. The city of Marand is located within 15 kilometers of the active fault line of Azerbaijan in earthquake zoning. The presence of margi More
        The location of most of the cities in the boundaries of active faults has increased the vulnerability of urban buildings to earthquakes. The city of Marand is located within 15 kilometers of the active fault line of Azerbaijan in earthquake zoning. The presence of marginal and worn-out tissues will cause double damage to these tissues against earthquakes. The present research has investigated and analyzed the earthquake risk in the human settlements of Marand using a descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population of this research is the worn-out tissues of Marand. In order to assess the earthquake risk in the study area, first the earthquake risk assessment model was presented in the worn-out context of Marand, and then by weighting the indicators using the opinion of urban science experts and information processing in the geographical information system environment, through the model weighted overlap, vulnerability zoning map of worn out fabric of Marand was extracted. Building quality indicators, building age, structure type, distance from roads, facade type, building density, and population density have been used to evaluate the vulnerability of worn-out fabric. According to the maps derived from the weighted overlay model, 40% of the worn-out fabric area of ​​Marand with an area of ​​372,958 square meters (37.2 hectares) is exposed to very high and high vulnerability to earthquakes.   Manuscript profile
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        87 - A Study on the Semiotic Role of ‘Street Planning’ in the Revitalization of Informal Settlements from the Perspective of Residents’ Perception
        sheyda haghirian Mohammad Saied Izadi Mehrdad Karimimoshaver Asadollah Naghdi
        Informal settlements are a prevalent form of residency in developing countries, facing significant weaknesses and shortages such as a lack of accessible public open spaces. Public spaces, especially streets, play an important role in these communities by providing essen More
        Informal settlements are a prevalent form of residency in developing countries, facing significant weaknesses and shortages such as a lack of accessible public open spaces. Public spaces, especially streets, play an important role in these communities by providing essential open areas for individuals to live and interact. Recently, UN-Habitat proposed an innovative approach emphasizing the importance of streets in these districts. This approach argues that constructing more streets can solve some of the problems facing informal settlements. This study investigates the impact of streets on informal settlements and assesses their role in residents’ satisfaction. The research method used is descriptive-analytical, employing Structural Equation Modeling to study the influence of the street on residents’ subjective recreation. The results were analyzed using Smartpls. The findings indicate that economic factors significantly affect residents’ subjective satisfaction through access to streets, while civilizational factors related to quality of life do not significantly affect this satisfaction. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Evaluating Solid Waste Management System of Urban Settlements (Case study: Mazandaran Province)
        Jamal Mohammadi Mohammad Reza Kanani Masoumeh Akbari
        Solid waste materials are among the inevitable products of every society and their management is one of the basic needs of every community. Therefore, it is essential that the manager of solid waste materials perform in a frame of a systematic and targeted system, so th More
        Solid waste materials are among the inevitable products of every society and their management is one of the basic needs of every community. Therefore, it is essential that the manager of solid waste materials perform in a frame of a systematic and targeted system, so that in cases of need, he can prevent reduction of resources and even environmental pollution.  Therefore, the present research, with the aim of evaluating solid waste materials’ management system in the urban residences of Mazandaran Province and with the aim to present the necessary preparation to improve it, was undertaken. The method in this research is descriptive– analytical type. Thus, after studying the literature of research, the Delphi method was used for selection criteria. Then, in order to equalize comparison criteria, distance bipolar comparison method was used and in order to determine the proportional importance of the criteria, the weighting techniques and the  Anthropic method were used. In this study, evaluating and ranking was performed using Multi-Criterion Decision Making Methods. Therefore, in the compensatory group, Multi-Characteristics Decision Making Models; from subgroup of grading and scoring, simple total weight method; and, from adaptive subgroup, the rating method based on the similarity were used ideally and finally. The final ranking was determined using the average method of ranks. It seems that cities of Babol and Abbass-Abad have allocated themselves the first and the last ranks in urban residences and in next rates, cites like Tonekabon, Babolsar after cities of Babol, and cities of Farim and Balladeh are located after Abbass Abad.       Manuscript profile
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        89 - Residents` perception in informal settlements and assessing its quality and quantity indexes (case study: Imam Khomeini Hesar residential, Hamedan city)
        Somayeh Afshari Azad Arash Osmani Saeed Piri Bahman Khosrowbeigi
        The issue of housing and marginalization is common in architecture and urbanization. Informal settlement can be considered as illegal brainchild of this overwhelming phenomenon which is increasing in different dimensions. Regarding, the importance of all existential asp More
        The issue of housing and marginalization is common in architecture and urbanization. Informal settlement can be considered as illegal brainchild of this overwhelming phenomenon which is increasing in different dimensions. Regarding, the importance of all existential aspects of a city in environmental, economic and cultural basis of development and growth, the study of informal settlement has turned into a serious research scenario attended by social scientists, geographers and architects. This research aims to provide regulations and guidelines for informal settlement to develop them into safe places to live in. The research is descriptive-analytic based on field observation .Thirty five  residents of Imam Khomeini Hesar quarter were chosen randomly and they were asked to fill the questionnaire .The results showed that most of the residents are immigrants from rural areas with little satisfaction from their life places while the indexes of life can be promoted by low-interest loans, easy registering and delivering official documents for ownership. Manuscript profile
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        90 - The Feasibility of Realizing the Vision of Agricultural Tourism Development in the Sustainability of Regional Settlements Development A case of Saveh
        Majid Goodarzi Hoshang Moradi Hojatullah Pashapur Mohammad Faraji Darabkhani
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and realization of agricultural tourism development in Saveh city. The current type of research is applied in terms of purpose and nature, employing a survey based on field studies (questionnaire). The statisti More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility and realization of agricultural tourism development in Saveh city. The current type of research is applied in terms of purpose and nature, employing a survey based on field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population of this research includes 18 university managers and experts in the field of tourism and urban planning, who were selected using purposive sampling. For scientific analysis, the combined model of SWOT strategic analysis and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) has been used. The results obtained from the evaluation matrix show that internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were assessed. According to the scoring of the items in the research, the total score of internal factors is 2.28 (strengths 1.13 and weaknesses 1.15) and external factors 3.2 (opportunities 0.993 and threats 2.2). Therefore, the best strategy for realizing the agricultural tourism model in the study area is the WO strategy, which involves leveraging strengths to exploit opportunities and mitigate weaknesses. Among the developed strategies, the competitive-aggressive (WO) strategy scored the highest (6.82) and is the most attractive among the research strategies. The output of the strategic planning model emphasizes leveraging the region's proximity and access to population centers, geological features of the area, and strengthening related programs as high priority actions. Manuscript profile
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        91 - Investigating the effective factors on empowering residents of informal settlements in Qazvin city (Case study: Neshat Bagh)
        Akbar Talebpour Simin Mohammadzadeh rouhi
        10.30495/uss.2023.709492
        Informal settlements are often formed in places where rural migrants and also the poor people of the urban society settle in these places, as a result of the increasing development of the city and the inability of the city administration to meet the need for housing. Th More
        Informal settlements are often formed in places where rural migrants and also the poor people of the urban society settle in these places, as a result of the increasing development of the city and the inability of the city administration to meet the need for housing. These areas are outside the official and legal planning of urban development and progress, and people build settlements inside or outside of the legal area of the cities without permission. These settlements generally do not have official ownership documents and do not benefit from urban public services and infrastructure. The lack of city facilities and public services and the lack of city officials' attention to these neighborhoods lead to the local segregation of residents and the emergence of various social anomalies. The present research with the aim of helping city managers and improving the condition of the neighborhoods of Qazvin city has investigated the tendency of informal settlement residents of Bagh Neshat neighborhood to empowerment. The statistical population of the research was the residents of the informal settlement of Bagh Neshat neighborhood of Qazvin, The results showed; The average trend towards empowerment among the residents of informal settlements in Bagh Neshat neighborhood is higher than the average. Also, the results of multivariate regression analysis showed; Social, economic, physical and legal factors respectively have the greatest effect on the tendency to empower residents, and in total, these four factors explained 27% of the variance of the dependent variable of the research. Manuscript profile
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        92 - Identifying the prevailing subcultures in informal settlements in Bahonar town of Mashhad
        sajad razeghi Baratali Khakpoor seyed hosein hoseini
        10.30495/uss.2023.702946
        The most important purpose of this study was to identify the ruling subcultures, prioritize them according to the impact on the region and analyze the qualitative role of each indicator on the social status of Bahonar township in Mashhad using interview analysis in Maxq More
        The most important purpose of this study was to identify the ruling subcultures, prioritize them according to the impact on the region and analyze the qualitative role of each indicator on the social status of Bahonar township in Mashhad using interview analysis in Maxqda text analysis software and SPSS statistical software. The method used was  Balanced Combination which was collected and adjusted using quantitative-qualitative methods and was taken from the expert opinions of 13 executive and scientific experts of institutions related to Bahonar township who have a history of activity or research work. The obtained qualitative data were entered in Maxqda software to be coded and classified according to the obtained text content. after this stage, the content was extracted in the form of main components, sub-components and indicators. The Cohen agreement test was used to validate the work and cite the interviews. The obtained coefficient was equal to 0.614 and the significance level was 0.00, which showed the implicit agreement of the components. Finally, the components extracted from the previous stages were prepared in the form of a questionnaire and provided to the experts of the previous stage to show the importance value of each component in Bahonar town. It can be argued that the most important subcultures are social, value-related, and  attitudes, respectively. Social norms had the most and attitudes had the least amount of impact. In order of importance, the results were as follows: lifestyle (mean Friedman test 3.05), social acceptance (2.98), excitement (2.91), reluctance toward the future (2.90), participation (2.69), hedonism (2.68) and responsibility (2.32) . Finally, the research findings were interpreted using a qualitative (hermeneutic) frame of analysis.   Manuscript profile
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        93 - Evaluation and Analysis of the Population Structure of Rural Settlements (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province)
        Gholam Reza Miri ُSajad Poudineh Morteza Sadegh bakhtiari Zahra sarabandi
        10.30495/uf.2021.685737
        Rural settlements, as the smallest geographical unit, have been formed under the influence of various factors in the geographical context and in the form of human-environment relations. Rural areas around the world tend to offer similar characteristics. Populations are More
        Rural settlements, as the smallest geographical unit, have been formed under the influence of various factors in the geographical context and in the form of human-environment relations. Rural areas around the world tend to offer similar characteristics. Populations are spatially dispersed. Agriculture is often dominant and in some cases the economic sector and the opportunities to mobilize resources are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze the population structure of rural settlements in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical according to the research topic; the purpose is applied and the data have been collected by documentary method. The statistical population in this study includes all rural settlements in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2016. Spatial correlation tests in Geoda software and Moran’s I have been used to analyze the data. The results of Moran correlation show that the amount of spatial correlation is significant and positive in all cases at the 95% confidence level and there are significant differences in terms of spatial pattern. Also, there is always a big difference between different regions of the province in terms of distribution of specified criteria. Manuscript profile
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        94 - Factors affecting the formation of security in car habitats (Case study: Zahedan city)
        masomeh rezazadeh
        10.30495/uf.2022.1956405.1033
        AbstractMarginalization as one of the urban problems and affecting social security and providing a crime scene has always been the focus of city officials and relevant organizations. The purpose of this study is the factors affecting the formation of security in car set More
        AbstractMarginalization as one of the urban problems and affecting social security and providing a crime scene has always been the focus of city officials and relevant organizations. The purpose of this study is the factors affecting the formation of security in car settlements in Zahedan. The present research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical research method. Research data were collected by survey method using a questionnaire using a questionnaire. The statistical population is 694285 people of Zahedan and according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 382 people. Data analysis was performed by Games-Howell post hoc tests, regression and one-sample t-test. According to the results, the level of security in car settlements in Zahedan is lower than the average level and higher than the unfavorable situation. Therefore, the security situation in car settlements in Zahedan is at a relatively unfavorable level. Also, the findings showed that the residential security situation in region one is significantly different from other regions and the region is in a more favorable situation than other areas of Zahedan. Zone two is in a better position than zone three and its difference with zones 4 and 5 is not significant at 95% confidence level. Also, zone three is in a more unfavorable situation than zone four and has a relatively similar situation to zone five. In this respect, regions four and five are in a similar situation. Manuscript profile
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        95 - Definition of the effects of tourism on rural sustainability Case Study : Shemshak Village , Tehran State
        H. Lotfi A. moradi E. khalifeh Z. Haghigimotlagh
        Today with increasingly proccess of population growth and development of poverty in local communities , attention to rural tourism has been mentioned as a source to increase of income and creating of financial welfare , and thus governmental and private policies and inv More
        Today with increasingly proccess of population growth and development of poverty in local communities , attention to rural tourism has been mentioned as a source to increase of income and creating of financial welfare , and thus governmental and private policies and investments has provided structural- functional changes of these rural spaces that has caused to settlemental sustainability / unsustainability . This article attempts to reply to this problem how rural tourism developing as an economical-cultural activity has caused to settlemential sustainability / unsustainability during (1375 – 1390) . Method of resaerch is ( descriptive – analytical ) , and needed data and information also have been gathered in ways of ( field work and librariy) , statistical softwares ( Excel and Spss ) have been useded to analys the data and also to draw the maps , Arc Gis has been utilized . Population include of 362 household that through cochran formol 20 has been selected as a sample , and 20 persons of tourists also has been selected . Tourism by accelerating of enviornmental problems and also creating of dualism and contrast in physical texture of the village (case study ) has caused to enviornmental – ecological and physical unsustainability ; but about social- cultural and economical, tourism has caused to social- cultural and economical sustainability , by increasing of income , decreasing of rural – urban migrations and in conclusion , by heighten of trend to insolubility in rural settlement . Manuscript profile
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        96 - The Effect of Architectural Style of Second Homes on Physical Development of Rural Settlements
        Aliakbar Anabestani teymour amar samira kaviani
        Construction of the second homes is one of the interests of tourists to visit villages, which often is built with the purpose of spending leisure time in the rural areas and have positive and negative effects on the rural atmosphere in many aspects, especially the physi More
        Construction of the second homes is one of the interests of tourists to visit villages, which often is built with the purpose of spending leisure time in the rural areas and have positive and negative effects on the rural atmosphere in many aspects, especially the physical body, which along with tourism development consists of more complex dimensions, and the need to analyze and explain these effects is felt more than ever. The present study has been done to investigate the effect of architectural style of second homes on the physical development of rural settlements in Kelardasht town. This study is functional in term of purpose, and is descriptive-analytic in term of method and nature. To gather data, the documentary research method and field research method have been used. The population of the research is nine rural settlements in Kelardasht town in which, building the second homes was remarkable. According to Cochran's, in the villages, the sample size of the households under questioning were 110 households, who were randomly selected from among the peasants and owners of second homes.By studying the dimensions and indicators of research variables, this fact could be found out that the highest level of satisfaction with the architectural style of second homes is(4.06) in the Telochal village, and the lowest value is (3.42) in Peyghale village. Also, in the case of a physical development variable of rural settlements, the highest level of this variable is (3.09) in Taeb Kola village.Also, the effectiveness of architectural style variable of second homes on physical development of rural settlements has been estimated around 0.3 percent, which reflects the low impact of architectural style of second homes on physical development of rural settlements. Only, architectural style of second homes has caused the development of rural settlements in improving the infrastructure services dimension. Manuscript profile
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        97 - Analysis of the Development Level of Rural Settlements and the Factors Affecting it (Case Study: The Central part of Iranshahr County)
        Eskandar Seidaiy Hadi Rasti Sajedeh Azar
        According to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, More
        According to the evidences and experiences, the developing of rural areas in proportion to their share and the status and functioning in the national economy have been badly neglected, and because of inattention to the role of geographical factors (Natural environment, social, economic,…) in the ductility and spatial arrangements and the development of rural settlements, despite efforts in the country, especially after the revolution, instability and underdevelopment in the rural areas is still visible in Iran. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the development level of rural settlements in the central part of Iranshahr and the role of geographical factors in that, from the local residents' point of view. The investigated factors comprise natural environment, spatial, social and economic ones. The research is descriptive-analytic and the total rural settlements of the central part of Iranshahr are the population. 19 villages and 294 heads of households were selected as the sample size. The obtained data were analyzed and processed through statistical methods in SPSS software. The results revealed a low rate of rural development in the central part of Iranshahr, i.e., is below the theoretical average (with an average of 2.43), and most of factors (apart from natural disasters, family aspect and employment rates) have a logical and significant relationship with rural development. Among them, the effect of spatial location factors and then, the social factors is more highlighted. Therefore, the development of rural settlements in the study area requires a fundamental revision in policies and programs for rural development, and also having a specific look at the role of some geographical factors in the development process of rural settlements is needed. Manuscript profile
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        98 - On the Analysis of Health Services Development Level from the Spatial Equity Point of View (Case Study: Rural Settlements of West Azerbaijan Province)
        shamsie salehpour hassan afrakhteh
        In each community, health and remedy as the one of parts important social, decisive role in the persons health and wellbeing of the community. Present study with the aim of analysis the spatial distribution of health services from the perspective of spatial equity has b More
        In each community, health and remedy as the one of parts important social, decisive role in the persons health and wellbeing of the community. Present study with the aim of analysis the spatial distribution of health services from the perspective of spatial equity has been conducted in rural settlements Western Azerbaijan province. The research method is descriptive - analytical and Practical type. Data gathering in the form of 12 indicators, is documentary- Libraries method. In analyzing the data using models of Shannon entropy, TOPSIS, MORIS and in order to achieve the same result using method average ranks. Using these models and analyze each of them, rural settlements the county West Azerbaijan ranked and leveling space.  The results show that rural settlements of Urmia and Khoy countyes in both models with rank 1 and 2 with good condition have been in the first and second level. And rural settlements counties Salmas Mahabad, Takab, Piranshahr, Naqadeh, Shahindej, Sardasht, Oshnavieh, Chalderan With ranks sixth up fourteenth are the fourth level. Results conducted field observations showed that in existing spatial inequality, Addition to the number of population Operating distance is also effective. Even with increasing distance from the city center, will be reduced the intensity of the enjoyment of facilities and services. This results is of polar growth policies, Followed by that, all facilities and power is concentrated in one or several regions and other regions act marginally eventually, with regard to existing spatial inequality provided Suggestions. Manuscript profile
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        99 - Investigating the Role of Natural Factors in the Geographical Distribution of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Sahneh County)
        Mirsatar Sadr Mousavi reza talebifard Chia Niazy
          understanding the Impacts of environmental potentials power on the pattern of rural settlements  is the first step in understanding the spatial organization and management of spatial relations in the rural settlements . This knowledge can, in turn, prevent r More
          understanding the Impacts of environmental potentials power on the pattern of rural settlements  is the first step in understanding the spatial organization and management of spatial relations in the rural settlements . This knowledge can, in turn, prevent reactionary backwardness, population escape and the destruction of rural settlements as well as cause the underlying integrity of the place - Space and sustainable development of rural areas. Therefore, to study the effects of the powers of the natural environment, on the pattern of rural settlements is essential. The purpose of this study will be investigating the role of natural factors in the location of rural settlements in Sahneh. This research is applied in nature, and descriptive-analytic in method. Data collecting was conducted using the library and field and for data analysis as well as implementation and understanding of the problem results the geographical information system software, as well as integration and combination of the layers of information to the field was used. The results showed that the dominant pattern of distribution of rural settlements in Sahneh city, is a liner and a total of 189 villages in the city, have been located often in the range of 1500 to 1250 meters altitude, type in water and plain lands. On the other hand, one of the most important criteria for rural settlements to locate Sahneh city, extent and quality of the land is for agricultural purposes that this, has been followed compression of space and activities and excessive exploitation of the natural environment. Finally, regression fit model showed that water resources, soil resources, climatic conditions, topography, elevation, slope, vegetation and land use have the greatest effect on the geographical distribution of settlements. So you have to protect environmental resources and the selection of suitable sites for production and stable employment for residents of settlements, to provide field survival and sustainable development of rural areas. Manuscript profile
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        100 - Assessing Criteria for Integrated Intervention in Planning Informal Settlements using Urban Governance Approach (Case Study: Naysar District in Sanandaj)
        SH. Haidareyan M. Rahimi
        Growth of urbanization and development of informal settlements within or adjacent to large cities, resulted from contemporary urbanization and the urbanization of poverty, has necessitated a change in attitude towards urban management This study aims to develop and eval More
        Growth of urbanization and development of informal settlements within or adjacent to large cities, resulted from contemporary urbanization and the urbanization of poverty, has necessitated a change in attitude towards urban management This study aims to develop and evaluate integrated intervention criteria in the planning informal settlements with urban governance approach. Nysar District in Sanandaj was selected as the case study. This research is an applied study based on descriptive-analytic approach. Field research, library documents and a questionnaire were used to collect data. First, integrated intervention indicators were selected according to the opinions of 15 experts and then a questionnaire was designed.  Study population consisted of three groups: people, government and public institutions (members of the Empowerment Headquarters), and private sector. A sample of 384 residents was randomly selected with Cochran formula. Also, all the 18 members of the Empowerment Headquarters were selected. Moreover, 400 activists were randomly selected from the private sector using Cochran formula. Then, the questionnaire was distributed among the samples. The obtained data was analyzed through T-test and Pearson correlation method.  The study findings reveal that the indicators are not correlated with integrated measures. In fact, intervention management is not currently integrated because it follows the traditional outlook. In fact, to have an integrated intervention, it is necessary to improve local institutionalization capacity, encourage people participation, encourage public and private management in the urban management process, and support intra- and   inter-institutional social capital. Manuscript profile
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        101 - Analyze the Impact of Natural Factors in the Spatial Distribution of Urban and Rural Settlements of Khonj County
        Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi
        Management and Planning of spatial structure of the optimal distribution of human population regardless of natural features, particularly the possibility of geomorphology is Impossible. It also drawing the outlook & future development without considering the operati More
        Management and Planning of spatial structure of the optimal distribution of human population regardless of natural features, particularly the possibility of geomorphology is Impossible. It also drawing the outlook & future development without considering the operation and potential and weaknesses of geographic areas has not a desirable effect. Khonj city with a total of 89 urban and rural settlements located in the southern part of the Fars province and the climate is dry and hot. The distribution of this city is affected by various factors. This study assessed geomorphic factors affecting the spatial layout of settlements in the khonj city. The research is descriptive analysis using GIS. The findings of the study suggest that the establishment and expansion of settlements of khonj city directly affected by geomorphology of the area especially topography, slope of the land, cultivation of the land and distance from the river and fault. Manuscript profile
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        102 - Evaluation of Subjective Social Sustainability among Citizens in Hesar-e-Imam Informal Settlement in Hamedan City
        Ahad Momen Pour Aliabad Kianoosh Zakerhaghighi
        Urban Areas’ function as productive center for political and socio-economic development of countries has been faced great challenges in forms of environmental degradation, insecurity, unemployment, lack of housing, traffic congestion and informal settlements. In r More
        Urban Areas’ function as productive center for political and socio-economic development of countries has been faced great challenges in forms of environmental degradation, insecurity, unemployment, lack of housing, traffic congestion and informal settlements. In recent decades, most of metropolitan areas, as a matter of unplanned rural-urban immigration and natural increase of city populations, has been witnessed appearance of informal settlements which can be marked by poverty and malfunction of socio-economic situations. Scrutinizing survey in these settlements shows that level of social sustainability are low in them. The research tries to investigate level of subjective social sustainability in accordance with citizens’ inspirations and conceptions from quality of life perspective. Structural equation modeling is used for evaluation of variables’ relations and analyzing the questionnaires. Results shows that education criteria via two indexes of accessibility to educational services and literacy, hygiene criteria via two indexes of accessibility to hygienic facilities and accessibility to drinking water and sewage facilities, and quality of life criteria via two indexes of accessibility to public transportation and housing quality, are important criteria for social sustainability of the area. Omission of participation criteria from the important ones show that the area needs to be focused by social researchers and practitioners for empowering Manuscript profile
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        103 - Assess the role of environmental elements sustainability in rural settlements SWOT method Case study: the central city Bardaskan
        K. omidvar M. fanodi M. narangifard
        In this study, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was evaluated by SWOT method and some strategies were provided to improve sustainability rural settlements in order to provide strategies and Appropriate solutions for assessing the role of environmental el More
        In this study, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was evaluated by SWOT method and some strategies were provided to improve sustainability rural settlements in order to provide strategies and Appropriate solutions for assessing the role of environmental elements in sustainability of rural settlements in the central city of Bardaskan. The results showed that the strategies for continuity of the stability of the rural settlements, including optimal exploitation of water resources (as a main factor), Planting crops with low water requirements, holding Workshops in order to raise public awareness of villagers, Avoiding industrial wastewater into groundwater, culture making by expanding the communication and organization of local beneficiaries ,the protection of the ground water extraction, expanding coverage the rivers in the rural areas in central city of Bardaskan . preparation and implementation of complete immunization research projects in canals of the restrict, utilization of land resources, strengthening the foundation of the rural economy, (with tourism approach as an alternative framework of the appropriate and maximum use of existing conditions to develop the region’s natural tourism projects) are the factors of stability of the settlements. The factors of region’s village's instability including events natural hazards like severe and frequent droughts, floods and earthquakes and instability of slopes are the most important natural hazards in the central part of the Bardaskan city likely to occur and threaten the stability of rural settlements. Instability of the rural settlements caused unpleasant consequences, such as increasing migration, squatter phenomenon, informal settlements and uncontrolled spread of urban areas. Manuscript profile
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        104 - Role of Mosques in Organizing Political Participation in Elections (Provide A Model for Maximum Participation and Engineering the Geography of the Elections in Rural Settlements of Shahivand District of Lorestan)
        Heidar Lotfi
        One of the most important aspects of planning for rural settlements is organizing political participation of villagers in the elections which is also very important. There is no doubt that the geography of elections in rural settlements has its own characteristics. The More
        One of the most important aspects of planning for rural settlements is organizing political participation of villagers in the elections which is also very important. There is no doubt that the geography of elections in rural settlements has its own characteristics. The main question of this article is that rural mosques in organizing the maximum participation and geographic engineering of the elections what role do in Shahivand Lorestan's rural settlements play? In fact, the geography of the elections in rural settlements in general and especially in rural settlements of Shahivand district has its own cultural, geographic and ethnic characteristics that has been revealed in different elections. Mosque of rural settlements in this section In order to organize the maximum participation and engineering geography of the election Have multiple functions which include: Political education of the villagers, explaining and encouraging people to participate in the elections, holding political discussions between representatives of the political factions and providing transparency and awareness to the residents. Given this introduction this paper will attempt to use a combination of library methods as well as the analysis of the past election in this section as well as interviews with residents and political science professors to be paid Analyze and explain the role of mosques in organizing political participation in the election in order to provide a model for maximum participation and Geography of elections in rural settlements of Shahivand district of Lorestan. Manuscript profile
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        105 - Survey of economic effect of integrating plans of paddy fields in rural settlements Case Study: Central part of Rezvanshahr city
        H. jalalian F. javan
        There are about 10 thousand hectares of paddy fields in the Rezvanshahr city that often are used dispersed pieces and different sizes, this dispersion, make impossible the uses of scientific and technical achievements and technology, Investment in research, communicatio More
        There are about 10 thousand hectares of paddy fields in the Rezvanshahr city that often are used dispersed pieces and different sizes, this dispersion, make impossible the uses of scientific and technical achievements and technology, Investment in research, communication and agricultural inputs. That in this situation, the integration of paddy fields is one of the solution Which can greatly obviate the challenge and have A key role in increasing agricultural production and economic development in rural areas . The purpose of this research is recognizing of economic effect of integrating plans of paddy fields in central rural of rezvanshahr city. This research in terms of porous is functional and in term of method is Descriptive – analytical. In this study, statistical population, rural of central area (29 villages), is in rezvanshahr city. Cochran formula was used to determine the number of sample households, upon which, Number of samples 225 was determined and after evaluating validity (Opinions of the members of faculty) and Stability (Alpha coefficient of 0.862) questionnaires were completed among of Households of sample rural. In order to achieve the required information, for measure Research variables was used the survey and documentary method And to review and analysis of information and data Of statistical tests such as t test and chi-square test was used The results show that with confidence interval 95 percent The integrated design of paddy fields have been improved rural economy As well as integration project of paddy fields in rural area Manuscript profile
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        106 - On the Effects Analysis of Microgrids in Occurring the Challenge of Human Settlements in Urban Space (Case Study: Abadan City)
        M. shayan S. Ghanbari F. salmanpoor M. miri M. sanaie qohi
        Every year, wind erosion and its related problems imposed heavily damages to the environment, social and health parts of the society. Iran, due to the extent of dry-scrubbing and dust that cover each year a large part of the country, coping and optimal guidance of this More
        Every year, wind erosion and its related problems imposed heavily damages to the environment, social and health parts of the society. Iran, due to the extent of dry-scrubbing and dust that cover each year a large part of the country, coping and optimal guidance of this phenomenon is very important. The objective of this study was effects analysis of microgrids in occurring the challenge of human settlements in urban space of Abadan. The population under study included all citizens of Abadan city (N=283601). The sample under study were 250 persons which were selected by stratified sampling method and by the use of Cochran formula. The tool for collecting field study data was a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed using the views of the relevant experts and university professors after necessary reforms. The reliability of the study tool was assessed using pre-test (using 30 questionnaires) and Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated and the results of the pre-test confirmed the reliability of the research tool (Cronbach alpha, 0.7). The results which had been done by the use of SPSS software determined that the level of the awareness of majority of people of that region form the effects of its complications and effects was at average level, but they were in forced to continue living with that in forced phenomenon. The results of the effects of the microgrids on the factors studied showed that this matter posed a serious threat to the physical and mental well-being of the settlements and their environment. It also reduced recreation and sports activities in terms of cultural and social factors. Reducing residents' income was one of the economic factor indexes that had been affected by the phenomenon of microorganisms. Manuscript profile
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        107 - A New Look at Unique Characteristics of Iran's Rock-Cut Architecture Settlements (Case Study: The World Heritage Site of Meymand Village, Shahre Babak)
        M. Mangeli R. Abouei F. Mehdizadeh Saradj
        the rock-cut architecture settlement is an essential yet little known type of vernacular architecture whose nature is different from what we understand by the term “architecture”. Since common building materials are not used in this architecture and it enjoy More
        the rock-cut architecture settlement is an essential yet little known type of vernacular architecture whose nature is different from what we understand by the term “architecture”. Since common building materials are not used in this architecture and it enjoys a different process of creation, rock-cut architecture seems rather contradictory compared to other types of vernacular architecture. Building space through hollowing out solid rock is the most essential skill used in this architecture. Iran hosts valuable examples of rock-cut architecture with religious, funeral, service, and residential functions. Cold regions of the country host the majority of rock-cut houses and settlements since their architectural framework is compatible with harsh climatic conditions. This research seeks to answer the question what differentiates the rock-cut architecture from other types of vernacular architecture. To recognize the unique characteristics of rock-cut architecture, the researchers chose Meymand village as the largest complex of rock-cut houses. A total number of 60 buildings were selected in an experimental process, and their lesser-studied characteristics, including design, livelihood and environmental ones were studied. A comparison of these characteristics with similar characteristics of traditional architecture reveals dramatic differences between them. The findings in the area of special climatic design standards and technologies not only give us a better insight into the rock-cut architecture but also contribute to set some standards for design and construction of rock-cut buildings in the present era. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Text Mining and Drawing a Compiled Social Network of the Journal of Studies of Human Settlements Planning (JSHSP) Studies with a Scientometric Approach
        H. Barangi
        The aim of this study is to review and the meaning, content and statistics analysis and articles status of the Journal of Human Settlements Planning Studies. To achieve this objective, scientometric techniques were used. To collect data and initial analysis, a software More
        The aim of this study is to review and the meaning, content and statistics analysis and articles status of the Journal of Human Settlements Planning Studies. To achieve this objective, scientometric techniques were used. To collect data and initial analysis, a software was designed. The population of this study was all articles of this journal which included 328 articles which were published from 2006 to 2016. Analyses included keywords' communicative clustering, drawing a compiled social network, detecting top researchers with regard to synthetic indicators and indicators related to a variety of centrality, identifying the most cited articles, the best researchers in terms of articles count and referral and top universities in terms of the number of articles published. The results showed that the journal's keywords were located in 5 thematic clusters and rural and tourism development were of the most frequent keywords. The journal's titles were located in 8 thematic clusters which clusters of guide plans' effects, social factors planning and tourism study in the rural areas were of the most important issues in the created clusters. In terms of organizational affiliation, the researchers of Islamic Azad University of Rasht have the most number of articles by participating in writing 93 articles and assigning 30%, and by considering the compiled social network, H-INDEX and the most cited researchers, it can be stated that Teimur Amar is considered as the most influential researcher in the Journal of Human Settlements Planning Studies.   Manuscript profile
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        109 - Comparison the Performance of Rural Supervisory Management (Councils) in Small and Large Villages of Ardooghshan Rural District in Neyshabur County
        Vahid Riyahi Nazanin Naeimabadi Frahad Javan
        In many respects, rural councils’ performance depends on factors such as education, interest, social contexts and participation of villagers to a great extent. It seems that size of rural supervisorysettlements has impact on the performance of rural supervisoryman More
        In many respects, rural councils’ performance depends on factors such as education, interest, social contexts and participation of villagers to a great extent. It seems that size of rural supervisorysettlements has impact on the performance of rural supervisorymanagement. The present study aims to investigate the rural management in small and large rural settlements and its differences and consequences. This is an analytical study based on library - documentary studies and after preparation of theoretical framework, indices, questionnaire and field study were done. For data analysis, SPSS and Expert Choice software were used. Questionnaires were distributed in 14 villages and among 334 persons living in big and small rural areas. To compare the success of councils in large and small villages, Mann-Whitney test was applied. Also, for economic, social and environmental ranking, Expert Choice software was used. The results of the study showed that first, significant differences were considered councils’ success rates in large and small villages in all indices, with a significance level less than 0.05 (sig < 0.05). Second, the results showed that the highest economic performance rank and the highest social rank had been allocated to large villages and also small villages, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        110 - Spatial Analysis of the Degree of Development of Rural Settlements (Case Study: City Villages Zarrindasht County)
        Mohsen Shayan Mahboubeh Namdar Sajad Bazvand Ebrahim Rezaei
        Reasonable distribution of the fruits of economic development among the majority of the important features of a dynamic and healthy. Planners to achieve this purpose in reducing inequalities and imbalances through the development and implementation of several programs d More
        Reasonable distribution of the fruits of economic development among the majority of the important features of a dynamic and healthy. Planners to achieve this purpose in reducing inequalities and imbalances through the development and implementation of several programs deprivation and open all the positive aspects of development are emphasized. This study aimed to determine the level of city districts have been developed Zarrindasht. According to the examined factors and nature of the subject, the dominant approach is this cross-sectional study. This research has an objective, practical, and in the literature, to collect information from a library of methods and questionnaires were used. The population of this research, consulting engineers, experts and agricultural experts Housing Foundation will form randomly sample size is set to the number of 24 people between them. F TOPSIS techniques have been used to analyze the data and index weight is achieved using F AHP technique. The results show that the district Khosuyeh is loaded into ci 0.593 maximum weight is allocated and placed in the first place. Ci 0.591district is loaded into second place zirab.The Western Izadkhast district with the ci 0.428, villages and Dabiran district is loaded into ci 0.241 Eastern Izadkhast with the ci 0.126 were ranked third to fifth. In terms of development of villages Zirab and Khosuyeh as developed villages were selected. Izadkhast districts of Western and Eastern Izadkhast Dabiran developing and villages in the area are excluded. Manuscript profile
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        111 - On the Influence Analysis of the Geographic Phenomena in Spatial Distribution of the Bronze Age Settlements (1500-3000 B.C) in Ardabil Province
        Reza Rezaloo Parviz Purkarimi Yahya Ayremlou Fariborz Tahmasebi
        Based on archaeological and geographic studies carried out in Ardebil province, this paper aimed at analyzing the role of geographical phenomena in the formation, development and decline of the pre-historic castles of Ardebil province. This descriptive-analytical study More
        Based on archaeological and geographic studies carried out in Ardebil province, this paper aimed at analyzing the role of geographical phenomena in the formation, development and decline of the pre-historic castles of Ardebil province. This descriptive-analytical study with an interdisciplinary approach, using satellite imagery, systematic field surveys and archaeological explorations followed the answer to this question, how was the pattern of third and second millennium settlements pattern in Ardabil province and how and to what extent were the natural and geographical factors influencing this? The study results indicated that the geographic phenomena have important role in the formation and spatial distribution of historic castles of Ardebil province. Analysis of the spatial distribution of castles and the Eco-political interaction together, brought this assumption to mind that the pattern of Eco-political interaction in Ardabil province’s castles is closely related to the crystallographic location pattern. So that, the central location theory can be tracked in this geographic area. According to this model, the Qal'eh Khosro was a central castle and its surrounding, there were smaller castles like Zino, Shyndyr Shami, Kychyk Jordi, Sheitan Dashy and, etc., were its cyclical castles. One of the main features of the central castle (Qal'eh Khosro) is the vast expanse of the site and the presence of a large cemetery next to it. Of the main features of the cyclical castles can be noted as small area, being scattered around the central castle at definite intervals, protecting limits and fortifications of the central castles and communication routes. Manuscript profile
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        112 - Analysis of Objective and Subjective Satisfactions Dimension of Residential Settlement (Case Study: Ali Akbar Settlement)
        Abdul Majid Rezaei khakha Mahmoureza Mirlotfi Hamid Heidary Mokarrar Maryam Noury
        Satisfaction of residential complexes  is One of the issues  that  mostly studied   in the field of residential environments and is confirmed And indicates the gap between expected and perceived service quality of service. Measureing the satisfa More
        Satisfaction of residential complexes  is One of the issues  that  mostly studied   in the field of residential environments and is confirmed And indicates the gap between expected and perceived service quality of service. Measureing the satisfaction of settlements is complex and depends on many factors. The aim of this study is analyzing the objective and subjective dimensions related to the satisfaction of the residential complex in the town of Ali Akbar’s settlement. To achieve the desired goals, the documentary studies, wide range of objective and subjective parameters determined I and were examined  in the context of field studies (completed questionnaires) The study population according to the 1390 census town is Ali Akbar settlement , is equal to 5,600 and the sample size of the sample  at 95% confidence level (96/1 = T) is  equal to the estimated 388 heads of households according to Kocaran formula that the collected  information c was analyzed by SPSS software. The reliability and validity study, is 0.247. The results also showed that the rate of satisfaction of residents of Ali Akbar settlement is weak (1.8858), and residents have Relative satisfaction of the dimensions of neighborly relations (social) security. Also, lighting and ventilation standards of physical, complex facilities, access and transport, management and maintenance, the aesthetics, and environmental neighborly made discontent  of resident (poor) So often satisfaction criteria from residential units is very weak. Manuscript profile
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        113 - participation effectiveness on enabling problematic urban settlements (Case Study: neighborhood of Banbarz , Ilam)
        abolfazl meshkini zahra tardast
        Increasing trend of urbanization has led to problems in various dimensions that one of these issues are the settlements problematic urban that car way and without unplanned formed. Solving this problem, not with, sectional deal and selective or ignoring must go through More
        Increasing trend of urbanization has led to problems in various dimensions that one of these issues are the settlements problematic urban that car way and without unplanned formed. Solving this problem, not with, sectional deal and selective or ignoring must go through a fundamental solution and can be analyzed radically. Apart from methods of dealing with these settlements, in terms of the attitude of local residents of The most important influencing factors in the process of regularize and enabling is considered problematic settlements. This research is targeted feasibility of the role social participation in enabling settlements problematic neighborhoods banbrz,and also infrastructure for improving neighborhood sustainable way through the participation of residents. The research method is descriptive - analytic and to collect data from the tool library and questionnaires were used.The study population are neighborhood residents banbrz, cochran's sample size by 5 percent error rate 376 students were randomly selected.To analyze of data in spss software was used, pearson correlation test and simple linear regression.The results of this study show that social participation and enabling of the settlements studied 566/0 is effective. 91/8 percent of residents also tend to be pervasive participation of cause of regularize and enabling neighborhood through Participation in decision-making and management , financing costs (the projects),supply human resources for the development of their neighborhood. Manuscript profile
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        114 - Site Selection Police Stations in the Marginal Settlements (Case Study: Bumehen City)
        morteza najafi Seyyed khalil seyyed Alipour Hossein Navaii
        Marginal areas are that have long-lasting characteristics in terms of physical, economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions. These areas are automobile without planning and are generally of low security due to the presence of characteristics such as economic More
        Marginal areas are that have long-lasting characteristics in terms of physical, economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions. These areas are automobile without planning and are generally of low security due to the presence of characteristics such as economic challenges, demographic groups, migrations, unplanned and organic tissues, and the challenges of providing security to the force. Police have created. The city of Bumehen has also been one of the areas encountered with the phenomenon of interstellar marginalization. Special features of the city of Bumehen , both from the environmental and economic and physical aspects, have caused the security of the city to be encountered by the police. Hence, the purpose of this article is to site selection Police station in the marginal settlements of the city of Bumehen , in order to locate the favorable locations for the establishment of security centers in the city of Bumehen, in view of the variables that affect the law enforcement. This is an applied-theoretical study and its method is descriptive-analytic. For this purpose, after extraction of variables by studying relevant documents and setting up a fuzzy questionnaire and using the Fuzzy Hierarchy (FAHP) method and GIS software, conceptual maps Production and integration were carried out. By laying the layers, the areas of the Bahonar Street on the north of Damavand road and the limits of Asgari Street in the south of Damavand Road were the appropriate areas for the establishment of security centers in the city of Bumehen . Manuscript profile
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        115 - Comparative analysis on Housing in Urban Planned and Spontaneous Fabrics with an Emphasis on Ownership and Urban Services (Case Study: Nasim Shahr)
        Bahram Mardi asghar shokrgozar Esmaeil Aghaeizadeh
        Housing is one of the most important investments of the Iranian people, and people depending on their financial ability, try to find a suitable place to live in. Poor people are no exception and one of the results of their effort is the formation of spontaneous fabrics More
        Housing is one of the most important investments of the Iranian people, and people depending on their financial ability, try to find a suitable place to live in. Poor people are no exception and one of the results of their effort is the formation of spontaneous fabrics in cities that, although seemingly providing a place for people, are less favorable compared to planned parts. Therefore, in this study we have tried to study via descriptive-analytical method and using documentary and field study, two different fabrics included spontaneous and planed fabrics in Nasim Shahr as a city of Tehran province in terms of access to existing services as well as the relationship between occupation, durability, oldness and built up area of residential units. The urban service standards and function radius are used to study of urban services. Also The Spearman correlation coefficient is used for the study of correlation between the variables in SPSS. Studies have shown that the total score of spontaneous and planned fabrics in the field of services are respectively equal to 3/5 and 4 and in this respect there is not much advantage in this in the planned part of city. According to Spearman test there is a significant correlation between all the variables, but only the relationship between ownership with durability and oldness with built up area of residential units is at a relatively high level and the relationship between other variables is low. Manuscript profile
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        116 - Investigating the Role of Document Issuance on improving the livability of Rural Settlements (Case study area: Zaborkhan rural district, Neishabour township)
        Tahereh Sadeghloo reyhaneh saadati fatemeh akbari
        Implementation of the Rural Land Documentation Plan is one of the government's goals in achieving development and removing the deprivation of rural areas within the framework of the development plan. In this regard, implementation of the document issuance plan by affect More
        Implementation of the Rural Land Documentation Plan is one of the government's goals in achieving development and removing the deprivation of rural areas within the framework of the development plan. In this regard, implementation of the document issuance plan by affecting on quality of the environment and making the rural settlements sustainable, has provided a villagers stability and sense of belonging to place in rural communities. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the document issuance plan on the livability of rural settlements. The statistical population of the study was 140 rural households, which was obtained by Cochran method (with error 0.1). The number of households benefiting from this plan implementation were the basis for the selection of the case study villages. The findings of this study indicate that implementation of the document issuance plan has contributed to the promotion of all aspects of economic, social, environmental and physical livability. The highest mean of this change was related to the physical-infrastructure component with 3.459 average mean. The effect of project implementation had a significant and direct relationship with the time interval of project implementation. The results also indicate that the physical-infrastructural component of livability had the greatest impact on the variable of project implementation history. Kruskalwalis test was conducted to investigate the advantages or disadvantages of the effects of document issuance on the viability of the settlements in the study that based on the result, Baghshan village had first position among other studied villages. Manuscript profile
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        117 - Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Commercial Tourism Indicators on the Sustainability of Rural Settlements (Case study: Dehshikh-Sigar Business District in Fars Province)
        Aliakbar Anabestani Mahdi Masoumi Gharib Fazelniya Omid Ali Kharazmi
        Introduction: Commercial tourism and its impact on cities and villages manifests itself in various forms, and causes various economic changes in tourist areas.Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of commercial tourism indicators on the su More
        Introduction: Commercial tourism and its impact on cities and villages manifests itself in various forms, and causes various economic changes in tourist areas.Research Aim: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of commercial tourism indicators on the sustainability of rural settlements in ​​Dehshikh-Sigar business district, Lamerd County.Methodology: This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. The population of study included all villagers living in 13 villages of Dehshikh-Sigar business district in Fars province. Using Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.06, 235 households were identified as sample households. SMART PLS, one-sample t-test and linear regression in SPSS were used to analyze the data.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is Dehshikh-Sigar Business District in Lamard County.Results: The findings confirm that the commercial tourism indicator with the value of R (0.959) has the greatest impact on the sustainable development of the rural settlements in Dehsheikh-Sigar business district. Eventually, using the R2 coefficients, we found that the level of development in the study villages, with an emphasis on commercial tourism in the villages of Dolatabad, Hassan Kamkali, Firoozabad, Kakli with the values of R2 (0.992, 0.988, 0.986 and 0.983) has the greatest impact, and has a poor performance in the villages of Dehshikh and Sigar with a R2 coefficients of 0.865 and 0.925.Conclusion: Commercial tourism has a positive and significant effect on the sustainable development of rural settlements, as according to standard coefficients, 32.5% of the sustainable development of rural settlements in the Dehshikh-Sigar business district is directly predicted by indicators of commercial tourism. Manuscript profile
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        118 - Evaluation of the Role of Informal Settlements in the Urban Spatial Structure (Case Study: Hamadan City)
        mohamadreza kashkoli Masoud Mahdavi- Hajiloui Majid Vali Shariat Panahi
         Introduction: Unemployment, poverty, difficult economic conditions and issues and problems on the one hand and the desire of people to live in big cities or the proximity of such cities on the other hand have always been one of the main problems of cities in devel More
         Introduction: Unemployment, poverty, difficult economic conditions and issues and problems on the one hand and the desire of people to live in big cities or the proximity of such cities on the other hand have always been one of the main problems of cities in developing countries including Iran. With an expert review and the observation of statistics, it indicates that this problem is becoming more catastrophic, that if a written and designed plan is not considered for it, it will threaten the entire urban communities. Residents who are forced to live in different areas of the city due to many issues and problems, far from the minimum suitable living conditions and without access to sustainable sources of income. Areas that do not have a suitable platform to accept these residents and as a result of this influx of informal settlements for living.Research Aim: The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the role of informal settlements in the urban spatial structure and to investigate how to prevent the expansion of informal settlements and to find optimal methods to organize these areas in Hamedan city. economic is examined.Methodology: In terms of methodology, the present research is based on the nature of applied-developmental research. And the method of collecting descriptive data is from the survey branch. The method of data analysis was done using Delphi technique and statistical analysis using SPSS software.Studied Areas: The geographical scope includes the informal settlements of Hamadan city.Results: The results obtained from the single-sample t-test about the satisfaction of the residents with the status of informal settlements in Hamadan show that according to the table that is the result of the t-test, these settlements show that satisfaction In these areas, due to the difference between the average and the upper and lower limits, it is average and unfavorable.Conclusion: The development of Hamedan city and the expansion of urbanization in recent decades have been accompanied by the growth of informal settlements. This socio-economic phenomenon has been formed due to the lack of attention to regional and urban planning and the internal capabilities of the urban area in terms of creating activity and employment capacity, and most of these neighborhoods are located in the service area of Hamadan city, and their main problem is lack of access It is one of the welfare and social services of the city. In addition, the body and appearance of Hamedan city has faced problems. The fact is that these boundaries cannot be removed from the planning space and ignored, but with accurate urban planning and appropriate to the characteristics of the residents, changes should be made in their body and texture. Manuscript profile
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        119 - Evaluation of geomorphologic landforms for the development of Human Settlements (Case Study:Southwest Township of Razavi Khorasan Province(
        Mousa Abbasi Mazhar Ahmadi
        Development and establishment of settlements in direct contact with the natural base and geomorphology effects. Because of the topography and geology of the study area has certain limitations in terms of localization and development of their human settlements. In order More
        Development and establishment of settlements in direct contact with the natural base and geomorphology effects. Because of the topography and geology of the study area has certain limitations in terms of localization and development of their human settlements. In order to reduce the risks of the South West province of Khorasan Razavi and modify future plans of development and human settlements, to assess the feasibility of the study area was investigated. After studies and library and a selection of appropriate measures, using phase logic models, and GIS software to help, areas prone to develop settlements were determined. In this study was to identify suitable areas for development and the creation of settlements in the study area based on Landform, from eleven parameters, slope, aspect, elevation, soil, land use, elevation, distance to fault, distance from the river, away from the road distance from settlements, geomorphology as independent variables in recognizing the potential and geomorphological constraints in the region were selected. Finally, after zoning based on phase model, the results showed that about 61 percent of the study area is located on the floors very poor and poor, which means unfavorable geomorphological conditions in this part of the study area to develop settlements are human. About 16.40% of the study area has average conditions for the development and creation of new human settlements respectively. And about 23 percent of the area under study geomorphological area of favorable conditions for construction activity and the construction of new residential areas are. Manuscript profile
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        120 - The effect of rural-urban spatial flows on the spatial changes of peri-urban settlements (Case study: Damavand County)
        Naser Shafiei Sabet fatemeh zangeneh
        AbstractIntroduction: Lack of attention to the two-way rural-urban flows, especially in developing countries such as Iran, within the regions and geographical regions, causes imbalance and a deep gap in the spatial transformations of rural and urban settlements in socio More
        AbstractIntroduction: Lack of attention to the two-way rural-urban flows, especially in developing countries such as Iran, within the regions and geographical regions, causes imbalance and a deep gap in the spatial transformations of rural and urban settlements in socio-economic, environmental dimensions. It will be ecological, and physical-infrastructural.The purpose of the study: The purpose of the present study is to investigate and analyze the effect of rural-urban spatial flows on the spatial evolution of peri-urban settlements.Research methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection has been done in two ways: library and field. In addition, the field survey method was used to collect field data related to the indicators, objects and measures of the influencing component of the independent variable (rural-urban flows) and influencing variables (spatial changes of peri-urban settlements). The statistical population of the research is 83 villages of Damavand city based on the 2015 census of Iran Statistics Center. Considering the homogeneity of the studied area, possibilities and limitations of the research, in the first step, 29 villages were selected as a random sample based on the central limit theorem, using the probability and simple random sampling method. In the second step, Cochran's sample size calculation formula was used to estimate the sample size.The geographical scope of the research: the present study, which is in the field of two-way rural-urban flows, which was carried out in Damavand cityFindings and discussion: The findings of this research showed that the rural-urban flows in the rural settlements of the studied area with the changes in the dimensions and size of the population of the villages, land use, housing, and investment of the villages are effective in the spatial changes of the peri-urban settlements. .Results: Rural-urban links have social-economical and physical-infrastructural capacities to create spatial flows such as the flow of goods and services, people, technology and information, capital, waste between the city and the village. Spatial factors such as the flow of people, goods, services, investment, and information on the dimensions of spatial developments of rural settlements were observed to have a positive and significant relationship. Manuscript profile
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        121 - Water Diplomacy and Urban Settlements (With Emphasis on the Border City of Zabul and the Hirmand Frontier River)
        Afshin Motaghidastenaei Arash Ghorbani sepehr
        Many of the frontier river basins in the world are simultaneously recognized as key engines of regional economic development, major livelihoods sources, as well as critical biodiversity conservation areas. These benefits often create a competitive role for governments a More
        Many of the frontier river basins in the world are simultaneously recognized as key engines of regional economic development, major livelihoods sources, as well as critical biodiversity conservation areas. These benefits often create a competitive role for governments and challenge them. Given the geographical location, strategic location of Iran and the presence of common water basins, the use of border and transboundary water diplomacy is considered as an essential tool for managing water crisis and adaptation to the problems caused by dehydration in the country. Based on this, a descriptive-analytical method has been used to write the present research. The findings of the research show that the only tool for organizing the situation in the current situation in Zaza Mazzi is the correct use of water diplomacy. The results of the research show that the formulation of water diplomacy by the Islamic Republic of Iran with the country is one of the requirements that should be pursued with seriousness in the future, using positive capacities and using the principles of international law, in order to address the situation of the Zabul border town before it arrives. The crisis can be solved with easier and less costly Scenarios. Manuscript profile
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        122 - The Study Indicators and Opportunities of Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Settlements in Boyer-Ahmad County
        mohammad eskandari ahmad taghdisi yousof Ghanbari
        Undoubtedly, Trying to reduce the problems of rural areas and their proper deployment in the development cycle require special attention. Today, attention to the development of entrepreneurship in these a
        Undoubtedly, Trying to reduce the problems of rural areas and their proper deployment in the development cycle require special attention. Today, attention to the development of entrepreneurship in these a Manuscript profile
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        123 - Level of rural settlements Zarrindasht county in terms of affecting the quality of life
        mohsen shayan farkhonde salmanpoor Zahra Ahmadi sajad bazvand amir safai
        Introduction: In recent decades, quality of life as one of the topics of interest to many sciences, has been considered by researchers, planners and governments.Aim of the research: The aim of the present study is to assess the quality of life in rural areas of Zarrin D More
        Introduction: In recent decades, quality of life as one of the topics of interest to many sciences, has been considered by researchers, planners and governments.Aim of the research: The aim of the present study is to assess the quality of life in rural areas of Zarrin Dasht county.Research methodology: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method of work. The statistical population of the study consists of all heads of rural households in Zarrin Dasht (7927 people), of which a sample size of 310 questionnaires was completed using Cochran's formula by simple random sampling. Also, 30 questionnaires have been completed by experts to weigh the indicators. Fuzzy hierarchical analysis has been used to weight the indicators and fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy Vicor models have been used to rank rural settlements.Geographical area of research: Zarrin Dasht city is one of the cities of Fars province, which according to the 2016 census had a population of 72951 people. The distance between this city and the center of the province is 255 km. Geographically, it is located in the southeast of Fars between the cities of Darab-Lar-Jahrom-Fasa. Findings and Discussion: The results of the research based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model show that Ziraab village with a value of 0.855 is in the first rank and Chah Anjir village with a value of 0.221 is in the last rank. Also, according to the results of fuzzy Vicor, Ziraab village with the value of 0.000 has the first rank and Chah Anjir village with the value of 1.000 has the last rank in terms of quality of life.Results: The results of the study indicate the fact that the villages of Zarrin Dasht city are not at the same level in terms of quality of life indicators. Manuscript profile
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        124 - Establishing effective guidelines on the promotion of spatial justice in informal settlements in Mashhad
        Sanaz Saeedi Mofrad toktam hanaee Sousan Shirvani Moghadam
        Introduction: marginalization is a phenomenon that seeks structural changes and social problems such as rapid urbanization and abandoned rural migration in today’s cities .in the context of recent cities, due to the differences caused by natural infrastructure and More
        Introduction: marginalization is a phenomenon that seeks structural changes and social problems such as rapid urbanization and abandoned rural migration in today’s cities .in the context of recent cities, due to the differences caused by natural infrastructure and spatial planning pattern, we see urban uneven spaces.Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the status of spatial justice in the margins of Mashhad metropolis.Methodology: this descriptive - analytic study was performed using F’ANP model.Geographical area of research: geographical scope in the study includes informal settlements of Mashhad metropolis.Results and discussion: according to the study, three criteria of peace, spatial relation and spatial quality are effective criteria in realization of spatial justice in urban areas.Conclusion: among the eight marginal areas of mashhad, Golshahr population core in terms of the status of spatial justice at the very poor level and Jade Ghadim population core  that are based on the categories status of a very high spatial justice has devoted itself to itself. Manuscript profile
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        125 - Mental mapping of the Third-living‌ Space of the City, A Comparative Study of Residents of Formal and Informal Settlements in Rasht
        hamid rokhsari Maryam Jafari Mehrabadi Hossein Hataminejad
        Third city space is the same living, social or substitute city space.This space is in the mental maps as the socio-cultural space of the city.In this research, according to this approach, a recent methodology in the study of mental maps has been devoted to the study of More
        Third city space is the same living, social or substitute city space.This space is in the mental maps as the socio-cultural space of the city.In this research, according to this approach, a recent methodology in the study of mental maps has been devoted to the study of the third living space of the city of Rasht in the residents of the formal settlements of District 1 and residents of the informal settlements of the 4 district of Rasht.In this research, the sample size of 60 people from two groups of inhabitants of the settlements was surveyed using theoretical sampling. The information harvesting method has been "interview and observation"; the type of information included: maps, censuses, and photographs.To analyze the qualitative data of the research, the methods of the democratic mapping analysis including qualitative GIS (QGIS) under the analysis of the Space-Time Paths and activities to the analysis of the third-lived space in the mental maps of residents of formal settlements District 1 and residents of informal settlements in the 4 district of Rasht. and the results of the research indicate that, given the mental maps of these two groups of residents, the expansion of the role and place of the class in the "social production of space" has been problematic. Manuscript profile
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        126 - Effective factors on improvement of the environmental quality in Informal Settlement areas with a resident satisfaction approach (Case Study: Bisim neighborhood of Zanjan)
        Pari Alavi Hooman Sobouti
        Introduction: In recent decades, along with the uncontrolled development of urbanization and the decline in the quality of residential environments, finding a solution to find an effective solution to improve environmental quality has become one of the most important co More
        Introduction: In recent decades, along with the uncontrolled development of urbanization and the decline in the quality of residential environments, finding a solution to find an effective solution to improve environmental quality has become one of the most important concerns of managers and urban planners.Research Aim: To improve the environmental quality in neighborhoods with unconventional housing and identify the factors affecting the satisfaction of residents.Methodology: The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied nature and method. The statistical sample size was determined to be 376 people using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method. The data obtained from the questionnaires were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and linear multivariate regression. After extracting the criteria, a one-sample t-test was used to measure the environmental quality of the neighborhood and the level of citizens' satisfaction.Studied Areas: Dense Bisim neighborhood in the northeast of Zanjan with an area of ​​approximately 82 hectares of rural areas without a core is the target neighborhood of the study.Results: Regression test on "physical", "social", "functional", "perceptual" and "managerial" factors shows that there is a linear relationship between the main components (independent variables) and neighborhood quality (dependent variable). Is established. Also, due to the high factor load of the "physical" component, the variables of this factor are more correlated with the environmental quality of the Bisim neighborhood and the existence of a significant relationship between environmental quality factors and residents' satisfaction is confirmed. Finally, after the component of space and permeability organization, which is in the first rank of residents' preferences for improving the quality of the neighborhood; the variables of "managerial" factor such as: "control and supervision", "management and maintenance", "providing visual and environmental comfort" are in the next priorities. Among the "perceptual", "social" and "functional" factors, the components of "safety and security", "social interactions", "compatibility and homogeneity" and "accessibility" have been emphasized by the residents in relation to other components.Conclusion: The results of the study of effective factors in environmental quality index show that improving the quality of Bisim neighborhood requires simultaneous attention to all factors involved in environmental quality and quality of life depends on equitable distribution of services and urban facilities and increase their life satisfaction. Manuscript profile
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        127 - Analyzing the causes of citizens' tendency towards neoclassical style in urban settlements (Case study: Tehran, District 1)
        Arshia Allahyari Majid Shahbazi Zoherh Torabi
        Introduction Architecture, as a physical manifestation of a society's culture, throughout history, besides being affected by cultural interactions, political changes and social reforms, has also influenced the behavioral patterns of society's people. An example of this More
        Introduction Architecture, as a physical manifestation of a society's culture, throughout history, besides being affected by cultural interactions, political changes and social reforms, has also influenced the behavioral patterns of society's people. An example of this influence can be seen in the façade of urban buildings, which have found a disjointed structure in recent years. Considering people's acceptance of neoclassical (Roman) facades and the increase of this type of façade construction in metropolises, the present research seeks to investigate the causes of citizens' tendency to use Roman facades in buildings. Methodology The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. Lisrel and SPSS software and path analysis tests and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data and prove the hypothesis test.Geographical area of research The study area of the research is a district of Tehran city, which along with its boundaries has an area of about 181 square kilometers and according to the latest census results in 2015, it has a population equal to 494 thousand people.Results and discussion Investigations about the influence of economic, social, cultural and aesthetic factors on the tendency of citizens to use neoclassical facades and data analysis show the proof of research hypotheses. So that according to the output of Lisrel software, the values of the index with factor loadings greater than 0.3 and t-statistics higher than 1.96 are acceptable, economic factors, social factors, cultural factors and aesthetic factors respectively with values T (3/69), (2/07), (4/12) and (9/00) all correctly cover the variables and are valid. Conclusion The results of this research show that the effective factors in the tendency of citizens to use common facades are outside the framework of approved rules and laws. As long as the principles and rules for the design and implementation of facades are not developed, the process of façade construction being affected by cultural, social and economic conditions will continue. Manuscript profile
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        128 - Evaluation of the Livelihood Levels of Nomads Settlement Centers in the Central District of Boyer Ahmad County
        سید امیر توفیقیان اصل vahid reyahi abbas Bakhshandeh Nusrat hamid jalalian
        One of the tribal community development planning strategies is settling, which has been implemented with the goals of servicing, construction and development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the livability of nomadic settlements in the central part of Boyer Ah More
        One of the tribal community development planning strategies is settling, which has been implemented with the goals of servicing, construction and development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the livability of nomadic settlements in the central part of Boyer Ahmad County by descriptive-analytical method. The research approach is a combined approach (quantitative - qualitative - quantitative). Required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, observation and semi-structured interviews based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of four nomadic settlements with a total of 272 households. Data analysis was performed using Path Analysis and TOPSIS methods. The results show that employment and income criteria have the most significant direct effect on livability. Nomadic families living in a quiet, safe, balanced and stable residential environment with higher social welfare have a higher quality of life. Also, there is a statistically significant direct relationship between population size and proximity to the top urban centers with the livability of the centers. Also, the causal relationship between optimal water and pasture management indicates a significant indirect effect on livelihoods, meaning that livestock-based households pay little attention to environmental impacts and make the most use of nature. Moreover, from the point of view of the residents, Mansourabad has the first highest level of livability and the Talkhdan settlement is ranked second with the right points and the least difference, and Hosseinabad and Dali Bajak are in the third and fourth levels, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        129 - Analysis of resilience components of rural settlements against earthquake risk (Case study: Ijroud city, Zanjan province(
        Hossein farahani fariba abbasi
        Resilience is one of the most important factors in achieving the sustainability of rural settlements. As resilience increases, the vulnerability of settlements to hazards decreases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the resilience components of rural settlements a More
        Resilience is one of the most important factors in achieving the sustainability of rural settlements. As resilience increases, the vulnerability of settlements to hazards decreases. The purpose of this study is to analyze the resilience components of rural settlements against earthquake risk. The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods have been used to collect data. The statistical population of this study is the heads of households in 20 villages and rural specialists in Ijroud city. Using Cochran's formula, the required number of samples to complete the questionnaire has been calculated in a total of 342 cases (305 rural heads of households and 37 rural specialists). Face validity was evaluated by 35 faculty members of the Department of Geography, University of Zanjan and averaged 1.7. The reliability of the variables was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 76%, which indicates its acceptability. For quantitative analysis of data, statistical tests such as (one-sample t, path analysis, analysis of variance) were used. The results show that the resilience situation in the studied villages of Ijroud city against the occurrence of a possible earthquake in all components, with an average of 3.33 is unfavorable and the values tend to be vulnerable. Also, among the four components, the physical component with a total of direct and indirect effects explains 56.5% of alpha and is the most effective component in the resilience of Ijroud city. The four dimensions of resilience, in total, could explain 74.9% of the resilience of Ijroud city.Keywords: resilience, rural settlements, natural hazards, earthquake, route analysis, Ijroud city Manuscript profile
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        130 - Measuring the Willingness to Immigrate in Rural Households in the Eastern Frontier Regions (Case Study: Torbat-e Jam County)
        maryam Ghasemi Farhad Ramezani
        Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive the More
        Introduction: Border villages are among the most sensitive and strategic parts of the country that have unique and unique characteristics in various economic, social, political, cultural and security aspects. Migration of rural inhabitants of the border will deprive these regions of the productive and protective population of the country and create problems in the destination of migration.Research Aim: the present study aims to measure the tendency of households to migrate to the border villages of Torbat-Jam city which is more 95% of them are Sunnis.Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied-developmental. Documentation and field data were collected using a questionnaire. The sample size is 214 Sunni households residing in 17 villages 10 km from the Iran-Afghanistan border.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is the villages located 10 kilometers from the Iran-Afghanistan border in Torbat-e Jam County of Razavi Khorasan province according to the country divisions of 2015 and before the separation of Saleh Abad County.Results: The results show that the mean tendency to migrate construct is 1.98 lower than the theoretical average and is low in the Likert spectrum. This is due to the religious dualism of the destination with the source of immigration, which creates a large social cost for the migrant at the destination. Therefore, among the inhabitants of the border villages of the city, migration as a defensive strategy in the face of livelihood challenges and the latest strategy to achieve Minimal living standards.Conclusion: This study showed that only the existence of some deprivations does not cause migration, because for the Sunni villagers living on the border, cultural reasons (living in birth place and with people of the same religion) cause a low desire to migrate. Since the population in the border villages is considered as a strategic reserve of the country, it is an inevitable necessity to try to solve the livelihood problems, especially considering the low desire of the residents to migrate and the relative stability of the population. Manuscript profile
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        131 - Evaluating the effectiveness of sustainable urban regeneration programs on improving the quality of life of residents of informal settlements (Case study: Rasht)
        saleh pooyan ALI Tavakolan bahman karegar
        Although improving the quality of life in informal settlements and urban areas has long been the focus of experts, but in recent years it has become more common in the country's development programs and policies. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect More
        Although improving the quality of life in informal settlements and urban areas has long been the focus of experts, but in recent years it has become more common in the country's development programs and policies. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustainable urban regeneration programs on improving the quality of life of residents of informal settlements (case study: Rasht). Due to the nature of the subject and the objectives of the research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the information is collected in the form of documents, libraries and surveys using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups: 1) citizens living in the areas; 2) Experts and specialists related to the issue of urban regeneration in Guilan province. The sample size was announced using Cochran's formula for the first group of 400 people and for the second group of 300 people, which has been sampled in an unlikely way. Also, for data analysis, structural equation modeling methods with partial least squares approach and t-test were used. The results showed that sustainable urban regeneration programs have a positive and significant effect on the quality of life of informal settlements. It was also found that the status of the mentioned programs in Soleimandarab neighborhood was successful, Ainak was relatively successful, Paskiab was relatively unsuccessful and in Nokhodchar neighborhood was unsuccessful and the quality of life in Soleimandarab neighborhood was relatively favorable, Ainak was relatively unfavorable and in Paskiab and Nakhodchar neighborhoods was unfavorable. Manuscript profile
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        132 - The Effect of Physical-Spatial Developments of Rural Settlements Around Mashhad Metropolis on Villagers Life Quality
        Mahdi Javanshiri Aliakbar Anabestani Hamdollah Sojasi Gheidari
        The present study has been done for this purpose in rural settlements of Mashhad urban complex. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and fundamental in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The s More
        The present study has been done for this purpose in rural settlements of Mashhad urban complex. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and fundamental in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The sample population is 28 villages of over 20 households in urban collection Mashhad which were selected from different classes of population and different distances with Mashhad city. From 20083 households in sample rural areas, using the Cochran formula, a sample size of 377 households were selected by random sampling method. Partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used to test the conceptual model of research and investigate the impact of physical-spatial transformations on quality of life. According to the results, the coefficients of t among the main variables of the study were above 2.58 which means that there is a direct and meaningful relationship. The R2 value represents 96.4% of the quality of life explained by physical-spatial changes and spatial changes with a coefficient of 0.97 had a greater impact on the quality of life of the villagers. The results of spatial analysis using GWR model showed that the coefficient of impact of physical-spatial changes on quality of rural life in eastern villages such as Sharshar, Salarabad, Hossein Abad gazband, Shourak Sabouri reaches its maximum. Overall, 30.84% of the villages and 34.74% of the rural population in the study area are in the range of 0.928 to 0.943, that eleven villages are located in this area. Manuscript profile
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        133 - Foresight of the development process and management strategies for the growth of informal settlements in Maragheh city
        manijeh lalepour pooran karbasi Golestan Salehi
        Introduction: After reviewing several decades of efforts to control, reduce and organize informal settlements, we see that not only the problem of marginalization has not reached an acceptable level, but statistics indicate its prevalence and deepening in the country. M More
        Introduction: After reviewing several decades of efforts to control, reduce and organize informal settlements, we see that not only the problem of marginalization has not reached an acceptable level, but statistics indicate its prevalence and deepening in the country. Marginalization is not only considered a social problem, but it is a factor that has cumulative properties and reproduces all kinds of harms and social problems. Getting out of it requires complex considerations. Research aim: This research has identified the factors and variables of the formation and expansion of informal settlements in the city of Maragheh in social, economic, physical and managerial dimensions.Methodology: This research was carried out with a descriptive-survey method and using the future research approach and using a combination of quantitative and qualitative models of this approach. In order to carry out this research, environmental scanning and Delphi techniques were used to extract the primary factors affecting the future trend of informal settlements in Maragheh city. The information of the questionnaires was obtained through 23 organizational experts, academic professors, and the key factors affecting the future status of the informal settlements in Maragheh city were identified by using the information collected in the questionnaires in the Mic Mac software, and using the scenario writing method and Vensim software was used to develop different scenarios to achieve the desired scenarios. Geographical area of research: Informal settlements in the city of Maragheh, located in East Azarbaijan province, were chosen as the geographical scope of the research.Results and discussion: The findings indicate that 48 factors were extracted in 4 different areas (economic, social, managerial and physical). The degree of influence of the factors and the degree of filling of the matrix show that the factors have influenced each other in more than 92%. According to experts, three variables of macroeconomic situation, unemployment rate and government investment have had an effective effect on the formation of informal settlements.Conclusion: According to the situation of the key and influential forces, four scenarios were presented for the future of informal settlement in Maragheh city, and finally the first scenario, which was the optimal scenario, presented the strategies that will be formed in this direction: regional balance policies, urban management and a single and integrated region, redistribution policies, poverty alleviation. Manuscript profile
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        134 - Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Urban Service in Residential Centers in Mazandaran Province
        پری شکری فیروزجاه asadollah divsalar bahareh abdollahi hasan rasouli
        Introduction Urban planning, since it is related to the allocation and distribution of scarce resources among different places in the city, its reliance on the criteria of spatial distribution of urban services, it is necessary.Research purposeThe purpose of this study More
        Introduction Urban planning, since it is related to the allocation and distribution of scarce resources among different places in the city, its reliance on the criteria of spatial distribution of urban services, it is necessary.Research purposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of urban service uses in urban centers of Mazandaran province.Methodology The present research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The data required for the research were collected using the library method and documents from the statistical yearbook of Mazandaran province in 2017. In this study, to measure the spatial distribution of urban services, the indicators of recreational-welfare services, transportation services, urban infrastructure, urban development, urban green space, educational services, health services and cultural services have been used. Vikor model has been used to rank the urban centers of Mazandaran cities based on the status of urban services development.Geographical area of research The study area is the city centers of Mazandaran province.Results and discussion Findings show that only 7 cities of the province, which include urban areas of 4 cities of Babolsar, Fereydunkenar, Kelardasht and Ramsar, are in fully-owned, well-off and semi-well-served groups, and their citizens are in a position to enjoy urban services. They have an ideal. In other words, providing services to citizens in the cities of Babolsar, Bahnmir, Hadi Shahr, Fereydunkenar, Kelardasht, Ramsar and Katalam and Sadatshahr is largely acceptable.Conclusion The results show that nearly 90% of the cities of Mazandaran province in terms of urban service indicators are unfavorable and below average and the lack of urban services considered in the study is felt in proportion to the population of these cities.Key words: Spatial distribution, urban services, urban settlements Manuscript profile
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        135 - Assessment of sustainable development in rural settlements of Jiroft county
        Mohsen aghayarihir Mohamad Zaheri Hossein Karimzadeh reza talebifard
        the present study examines the sustainability of development in rural areas of Jiroft and spatial factors affecting it. In terms of purpose, practical and in terms of nature and method of performance, descriptive-analytical. In order to collect the data, 38 sample villa More
        the present study examines the sustainability of development in rural areas of Jiroft and spatial factors affecting it. In terms of purpose, practical and in terms of nature and method of performance, descriptive-analytical. In order to collect the data, 38 sample villages located in Jiroft county were selected. The sample size of the present study consists of two groups of household heads and experts in the field of rural planning. CoCoSo multi-criteria decision making technique and K-cluster analysis have been used to evaluate the sustainability of development in rural settlements and analyze the data obtained from the Household Survey Questionnaire and Friedman test in SPSS software environment was used to analyze the data obtained from the expert questionnaire in relation to the prioritization of spatial factors affecting development sustainability. Villages are ranked and graded according to the value of (Ki) based on CoCoSo technique, It indicates the results of the study of the stability of economic, social, environmental and physical-spatial dimensions of development in the study area, which are in a state of "weak or unstable stability" in the villages of Abbasabad, Darrehroud and Hishinsofla. In contrast, the highest level of stability is related to the villages of Dolatabad Esfahdah, Dolatabad Markazi, Daryacheh, Ferdows, Saghder, Pashtlor and Hosseinabaddehdar. The results of Friedman test indicated that spatial factors such as government investment, rural population, and distance from county center had the most influence on this phenomenon, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Environmental Qualities Affecting Informal Settlements Using Fuzzy Delphi Method and Entropy Shannon Technique (Case study of Mashhad Metropolitan City)
        shirin shahideh Mohammad Hadi Kaboli Fariborz Dolat Abadi Vahid Shali Amini
        Human population's desire for urban spaces which causes the formation of informal accommodation phenomenon, provides a context for the concept defined as quality of urban life. In this regard, recognize and prioritize the qualitative components in the form of physical&n More
        Human population's desire for urban spaces which causes the formation of informal accommodation phenomenon, provides a context for the concept defined as quality of urban life. In this regard, recognize and prioritize the qualitative components in the form of physical–spatial characteristics, would be the main focus of this survey. In this study, the research method from is practical and to achieve the goal, both qualitative research method and survey strategy are applied. Collecting data, initially, is done through studying documents, direct site observation and also field impression of space users of informal settings in Mashhad along with survey analytical method via Fuzzy Delphi Technique and questionnaire survey. Finally, the achieved environmental qualities from Delphi Method are ranked based on Entropy Shannon Technique. The results of this study indicate the common problems and needs among the residents and their dissatisfaction with their living space. Based on the survey, in these 4 settlements, through conducting two stages of Delphi questionnaire, environmental criteria affecting the quality of life of settlers were achieved which were classified into 7 thematic categories via Shannon technique. The weight obtained for each category shows the importance of issues with a focus on security, people and activity which are subset of functional discussion in "sustainable place Model". Finally, the model of effective environmental quality indicators in informal settlements in which the weight of each category of indicators and the order of their significance is presented which explains the priority areas of qualitative intervention in these sectors. Manuscript profile
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        137 - dentifying the factors affecting the management of urban synergy in regenerationInformal settlements of Kerman city
        zinat sadat hoseini ali vakhshoori Abdolrasoul Ghanbari
        ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of urban synergy management in the regeneration of informal settlements is because it shows the view of planners and city planners on the ideal urban life and the comparison of this way of life with the way of life in some contexts More
        ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of urban synergy management in the regeneration of informal settlements is because it shows the view of planners and city planners on the ideal urban life and the comparison of this way of life with the way of life in some contexts and areas of the city. In fact, regeneration means restoring social, economic and environmental life to an area. This movement transforms places, strengthens the social image of itself, and creates lively and attractive places that encourage sustainable internal investment. Methodology: According to the objectives of the research and the investigated components, the type of applied research and its investigation method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population of 20 experts and specialists in the urban area is based on snowball sampling, in which 40 stimuli are processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software.Geographical area of research: The geographical scope of this research is four informal settlements of Pedr town, Sayad Shirazi town, Industrial town, Firozabad town or Pusht-Band of the state of Kerman.Results and discussion: In terms of mutual effects analysis, the findings indicate the dispersion of stimuli in a complex and intermediate situation of effectiveness and effectiveness; The clustering system of stimuli indicates concentration in the influential and independent cluster. Among the 40 driving forces, inter-institutional facilitation drivers in the regeneration of informal settlement contexts, information and institutional awareness, participation of residents in the institutionalization of re-creation of informal settlement contexts, collective solidarity of residents, the level of inter-institutional cooperation and overlap of laws and regulations They had the highest direct influence. These forces are input and stable in terms of system performance, which has a role of high effectiveness and low effectiveness.Conclusion: As a result, it controls the macro situation of the system and its changes, and the management of urban synergy in the regeneration of informal settlements in Kerman depends more on their performance. Manuscript profile
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        138 - Explanation of Physical Resilience of Rural Settlements in Amlesh County Against Landslides
        Khalil Mehrzad eisa pourramzan Nasrollah Molaei Hashjin
        Introduction: Estimating and improving the resilience of rural areas is also very important in reducing the effects of natural hazards and achieving sustainable development. Landslides are among the natural hazards that threaten rural settlements and local communities. More
        Introduction: Estimating and improving the resilience of rural areas is also very important in reducing the effects of natural hazards and achieving sustainable development. Landslides are among the natural hazards that threaten rural settlements and local communities. Therefore, determining the level of resilience of rural settlements in lands prone to landslides can be a suitable way to reduce the effects of this risk in rural areas.Research aim: The aim of the current research is to determine the physical resilience of rural settlements in Amlesh city against landslides. Methodology: In this research, the level of physical resilience of 145 villages of Amlesh city against landslides was determined and classified by the analysis hierarchy method (AHP). For this purpose, 10 criteria were used in the order of importance of slope, distance from fault, building quality, materials and materials, building life, seismicity, geology, direction of slope, width of passages and height.Studied Areas: The geographical territory of this research is the rural areas of Amlesh County.Results: The findings showed that the villages of Amlesh city have very low, low, medium, high and very high resilience, so that out of 145 villages in this district, 2, 23, 66, 52 and 1 villages are between very low and very high resilience spectrum were placed. Therefore, 63.18 percent of the villages in this city have moderate to low resilience and 36.82 percent of the villages have high and very high resilience to the risk of landslides. Therefore, 63.18 percent of the villages in this city have moderate to low resilience and 36.82 percent of the villages have high and very high resilience to the risk of landslides.Conclusion: Examining the level of resilience of villages in the three plains, foothills and mountainous regions proves that medium to low resilience in the villages of the foothills is more than the other two regions and the share of villages with medium resilience in all three regions is higher than the others. Classes are higher resilience. In addition, the villages with very little resilience were located in the foothills and mountainous areas, and the role of altitude in reducing the resilience of villages was revealed. Manuscript profile
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        139 - Study of Indicators Affecting Informal Settlements in Sanandaj
        ASGHAR NAZARIAN mahmood rahimi
        As the urban development has overtaken the capacity and potentials of the governments and municipalities in extending the infrastructures and providing employment, informal settlements are quickly and irregularly increasing. Studies performed on the informal settlements More
        As the urban development has overtaken the capacity and potentials of the governments and municipalities in extending the infrastructures and providing employment, informal settlements are quickly and irregularly increasing. Studies performed on the informal settlements in Sanandaj (Kurdistan province) suggest that the majority of immigrations to the suburban areas of Sanandaj are from rural areas and are resulted from economical and security concerns (during the imposed war of Iraq against Iran and insecurities within the province). Studies on comprehensive and detailed plans of Sanandaj show that no better position has been considered for the low-income urban classes. In other words, they are missed in the studies. Also the demands of these classes for housing and the way these demands are supposed to be fulfilled have not been studied in the urban development plans. Therefore, one of the reasons that drive these low-income classes to the suburban areas of the cities and their settlement outside the area is attributed to the lack of attention to the demand for housing of these classes in developing formal plans. In addition to determining the most important structural problems in the informal settlements of Sanandaj, using correlation matrix, the rate of correlation between indices has been studied in this paper and the results suggest that the first important problem in suburban areas of Sanandaj is the usage of high amounts of low quality and inordinate materials in the construction of the buildings. The second important problem is low average area of residential parcels. Finally in this paper, the informal housing area of Sanandaj is assessed, using SWOT technique. Manuscript profile
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        140 - Analysis Location Movements of Population in Rural Settlements (Case Study: Central Destrict of Sardasht Township)
        shirko ahmadi morteza tavakoli
        The village and villagers in the place of great importance, lack of attention to rural areas, the rural areas and the neglect of human resources and facilities of the rural rich, the main problem in achieving the development of rural. Different geographical areas in gen More
        The village and villagers in the place of great importance, lack of attention to rural areas, the rural areas and the neglect of human resources and facilities of the rural rich, the main problem in achieving the development of rural. Different geographical areas in general and rural areas in particular how the changes affected population requires examining several factors. In this context, the detection of interaction effects of population change on rural areas is essential. With regard to the impact on the population structure and evolution of urban and rural settlements, in this study we have tried to analyze Location movements of population in rural Habitations are reviewed and analyzed. This article is an attempt to briefly review the current status of the rural population, the study evolution and its causes and its clarification. The population of the study comprises 169 villages of the central city sardasht of which 32 villages were selected using random sampling as samples. In this study, based on survey research methods, quantitative methods, statistical and scientific models and tools to analyze the demographics of survey questionnaires. The T-test was used to determine the factors involved. The results show that the main cause of migration and population change in the region. That its effect is manifested as a decrease in the evacuation zone causing an imbalance in the distribution of rural areas and scattered rural population as well as to other places. Manuscript profile
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        141 - Roles and Effects of the Development of Second-Home Tourism on the Sociocultural Aspects of Rural Settlements (Case Study:Meershamsodeen Rural District of Tonekabon County)
        naser AligholizadehFiroozjaie
        This research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The pap More
        This research examines favorable and unfavorable sociocultural outcomes associated with the development of second-home tourism in rural areas. Our study area is Meershamsodeen rural district in the central district of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. The paper, practical in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method, is based on the survey. Having subjective and objective nature, research data have been collected via questionnaires, interviews and field observations and analyzed with statistical methods such as the one-sample t-test and correlation. In this regard, results obtained from studying the sociocultural consequences of second-home tourism development suggest that it has contributed substantially to good, positive influences including enhanced awareness and improved infrastructural facilities and services. It, furthermore, due to the unscientific, unplanned large scale development of second homes, low consistency between the sociocultural characteristics of the owners of second homes and the hostsociety and inefficient management, has yielded negative results which involve overcrowded villages, increased irregularities in rural areas, widespread adaption of urban lifestyles amongst rural families in the region, increased rates of illegal activities and crimes, marked  difference and contrast between the owners of second homes and the host society, significant changes in the value system and behavior pattern as a result of imitating second-home tourists, considerable difficulties in buying houses and lands, raised conflicts over land ownership, problems with using facilities and services by residents in tourism seasons and reduced access to tourist attractions and recreational facilities. The intensity of the negative consequences above, according to the residents’ perceptions and viewpoints based on the Likert scale, has been varying considerably to a greater extent, giving meaningful implications in relation to the one-sample t-test. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Evaluating process of people participation recon-struction of earthquake settlement (Case stydy: Shirvan County)
        حسین فراهانی رضا خوشرفتار مجتبی حاجی پور
        We meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of p More
        We meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of people in performance reconstruction projects, that in addition to people,s satisfaction can reach excusable results from success dimension in promotion of goals.This subject indicates closely relation between people and reconstruction projects. The goal of research is evalution of people participation process in reconstruction of damage settlement. Case study is Shirvan county from Brourjerd town ship that faces with serious destruction with in earthquake in 2006. The research is based on analysis-correlative method required data has collected with use of quastionaire acquired results from this evalutions indicate that besides the great impotance of attention to people,s request and interests eapecially in rural area and also lake of experiences other countries fromm failure of this projects for participation of people again suffered people and their demands has not observed at whole frame and financial dimensions with in reconstruction. Manuscript profile
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        143 - Investigation of infrastructure and superstructure services in Rural-Guide Plan in Amol Township
        محمدصادق ابراهیمی امیرمظفر امینی سید حنیف میکاییل
        One of the tools that to provide suitable conditions in rural areas is rural guide plans; this plan provides the infrastructure and superstructure services in rural areas. This study investigated the impacts implementation rural guide plan in the county of Amol. Methodo More
        One of the tools that to provide suitable conditions in rural areas is rural guide plans; this plan provides the infrastructure and superstructure services in rural areas. This study investigated the impacts implementation rural guide plan in the county of Amol. Methodology of the study is descriptive and analytical and much of the data used are based on field study and questionnaire of sample villages and interviews with executive stakeholders’ rural guide plans. The validity of research tool was obtained by face validity of experts viewpoint and for reliability of questionnaires a pilot test was conducted Cronbach’ Alfa coefficient of higher than 0.7 showed that research tool is reliable. Statistical populations of this research were rural people that master plan has been implemented in this villages of Amol county. The samples populations calculated by Cochrane formula, using simple random sampling 260 samples of villagers was selected for the study. The result of research showed that the viewpoint priority of villagers for impact of rural master plan were: collection surface waters, collection garbage, build housing  with scientific principles, widening main streets, improve the infrastructure services, improve the superstructure services, improve the access to agricultural inputs and markets for agricultural products, improve the village beauty, improve of building pavement street, development the village green space, improve the domestic wastewater disposal and improve the quality of street accessory. Manuscript profile
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        144 - The Role of Social Capital on empowerment of the informal settlements (case study: around of Eynak neighborhood in Rasht city)
        mohamad masoud fatemeh haghverdian
        This study was con ducted around the Rasht city's pool (eynak). eynak neighborhood located in the south west of Rasht city. Immigrants attraction of different ethnics, existence of no document lands, poor living In terms of economic is a prominent feature in this neighb More
        This study was con ducted around the Rasht city's pool (eynak). eynak neighborhood located in the south west of Rasht city. Immigrants attraction of different ethnics, existence of no document lands, poor living In terms of economic is a prominent feature in this neighborhood. Total of these factors, have caused informal settlements deprived of services infrastructure such as a sewage network & drinking water.In this study used of quantitative models based on the normalized network, Criterias of neighboring link, trust and Civil partnership for measurements of social capital level (cooperation, collaboration, mutual trust) In this regard 375 questionnaires was completed in statistical population. made statistical analysis by SPSS software demonstrated that study area has a high potential in cooperation & collaboration field & there is a significant relationship between social capital and empowerment in study area; if be done proper planning, can utilize of social capital as a powerful leverage in neighborhood's rehabilitation and improvement. This research intend to have an acquaintance of social capital reproductionh ways such as a social networks acquaintance to gain trust style, to involve the settler in doing of works and increase of awareness within settlers…. In informal settlements and in eynak neighborhood of Rasht city. Also exhibit realistic and scientific solution for increase of life quality through social capital in these settlements and research bounds .Finally were presented recommendations such as a use of local people in jobs come from tourism development around of pool and facilities for investors & … Manuscript profile
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        145 - Improved Physical and spatial pattern in informal settlements in Chabahar and distribution of the pattern by Grasshopper Software
        alireza nazarnia Leila Zare fariborz dolatabadi
        Marginalization in cities as the rapid growth of immigration from villages into cities has caused a serious problem in urban and architecture urban. However, the immigrants do not remain uninvolved so initiate their own architecture based on their local knowledge and ex More
        Marginalization in cities as the rapid growth of immigration from villages into cities has caused a serious problem in urban and architecture urban. However, the immigrants do not remain uninvolved so initiate their own architecture based on their local knowledge and experience. Solutions like slums and informal or illegal settlements are some examples. The main question is through what physical and spatial method must solve the problem. Does it make sense to Collapse the shelters which resulted in unvolunteered resettlements? In what depth and width, the architectural interventions should be developed in order to result in an optimum result for residents? This paper in the first step tries to consider a deeper study of the existing architecture of informal settlements in Chabahar; then, submit a physical pattern based on the occupancy culture among the target residents. The research method is through infield studies and architectural surveys in Chabahar informal settlements. Finally, the design is organized and distributed by use of a grasshopper plugin on land. Manuscript profile
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        146 - Multiplicity of courts and jurisdictions in international trade law and solutions to deal with it
        Mir Shahbiz Shafi mahdi delgir
        10.30495/alr.2022.1960012.2379
        Field and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states More
        Field and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states to use courts and tribunals for settling their disputes peacefully, it may raise problems when courts arrive at divergent or event conflicting rulings in an international legal order that lacks hierarchy. This article aims to address whether proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions has emerged in international trade law; and if so, what is its consequences for international trade law and which possible solutions may be suggested to deal with its negative consequences.Method: This Research is prepared by a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Given to reasons for proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions that are addressed in this article, the answer to the question of emergence of proliferation in international trade law is positive. Thus, the consequences of proliferation in international trade law are presented. Then, in regard with exclusive jurisdiction of World Trade Organization (WTO) for international trade disputes and its exceptions by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), practical instances of conflicting jurisdictions in international trade law jurisprudence are recognized. Finally, possible tools for solving conflicting jurisdictions between WTO and FTAs disputes settlement mechanisms, and also possible solutions for improvement of cooperative interactions between these mechanisms are suggested. Manuscript profile
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        147 - Barriers to Participation of Developing Countries in the WTO's Dispute Settlement System
        Dydokht Sadeghi – Haghighi Leila Reisi
        Abstract Understanding of the WTO dispute settlement was developed in 1995 and aimed to establish a coherent legal system based on equal access of all member states to the settlement of disputes and make decisions based on rules rather than decision-making by economic More
        Abstract Understanding of the WTO dispute settlement was developed in 1995 and aimed to establish a coherent legal system based on equal access of all member states to the settlement of disputes and make decisions based on rules rather than decision-making by economic powers. Over three quarters of WTO members are developing countries, which they have weak economic systems. Therefore, a provision in the understanding as “special and differential treatment” is considered, upon which the concessions were granted to developing countries aimed at creating a favorable context for increased involvement of these countries in the DSB. But to benefit from these advantages and protections granted by dispute settlement mechanisms, the developing countries face problems and challenges that led to their limited participation in this body. This article assumes that the developing countries has failed to benefit from the dispute settlement mechanisms and concludes that there are real political, commercial problems and domestic limits that must be overcome. Manuscript profile
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        148 - The Role of Local Settlements in Combating Desertification of Isfahan's Desert Rangelands
        Seyedeh Zohreh Mirdeilami Ezatolla Moradi Mohammad Pessarakli
        Manuscript profile
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        149 - Study the effects of reorganization schemes in the social development of rural space and rural settlements (Case Study of Ardebil)
        Elahe Ajoudani Sayed Hassan Hosseini
        The planning for the sustainable development of rural areas as a spatial is one of the subjects of physical and environmental socio-economic issues. Countries try to achieve to the goals of development in all physical and environmental socio-economic by mobilizing their More
        The planning for the sustainable development of rural areas as a spatial is one of the subjects of physical and environmental socio-economic issues. Countries try to achieve to the goals of development in all physical and environmental socio-economic by mobilizing their capabilities and equipments its. Civil and Rural Development, is a fundamental step that improves the social, economic and cultural village that has certainly all-round development of rural areas, urban areas also can reach to needful impact and we will see all-round development in the community. Two things will happen if this matter be achieved, one is stabilization of  population and another is  reverse migration to the countryside's And in contrary if villages  are behaved unkindly,   the young, educated and capable people will leave the vulnerable and pristine environment of the village and will inhabit in the  fringes in big cities. Organization design space and rural settlements make it possible to have a comprehensive understanding of the region to see first and second causes of any socio-economic characteristics and be explained And the third as a comprehensive program in a ten-years time horizon of rural properties in the region predict and implementation mechanisms in order to achieve sustainable rural development to be traced. This Study is to investigate the role and organization design in the development of rural space and rural settlement in Ardebil. In this study, using cross - sectional and device experts emphasize the attitude of provinces, cities, part of the social dimensions - cultural, economic, functional - the statistical tests to investigate the role of environmental projects in the organization of space and rural settlements Wiki rural development and the need to review the implementation of the proposals made in these projects as well as the reasons for non-implementation proposals The design of the development budget constraints, lack of coordination agencies and organizations involved in rural development and lack of public participation can be named. Manuscript profile
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        150 - Strategies of pressurized irrigation systems Development in desert areas of Iran, with an attitude sustainable agricultural development and population settlement
        Morteza Delfan Azari Hadigheh Mohammadi Afshin Yusuf Ghomrokchi Mohammad Amel Sadeghi
        Iran has limited water resources combined with high evapotranspiration. The overpopulation and the increasing need of food and thus the lack of agricultural products always rings the alarm. Thus with development of water resources and saving water, we can raise surface More
        Iran has limited water resources combined with high evapotranspiration. The overpopulation and the increasing need of food and thus the lack of agricultural products always rings the alarm. Thus with development of water resources and saving water, we can raise surface water irrigated fields and finally raise agricultural productivity. In this project, by using existing data from soil and water resources in the Central Desert, including provincesKhorasanRazavi and Jonoobi, Semnan, Isfahan, Qom, Yazd, Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan and by using Boolean logic and GIS software, suitable and talented areas, identified for the implementation of modern irrigation systems, And then based on the results of questionnaires, affecting factors of rejection the pressurized irrigation systems by farmers in desert areas were analyzed with SPSS software And finally by using sustainable agricultural development indicators of population, the population sustainable settlement, it was estimated. The results show that, with the proper use of water and soil resources and avoid wasting this valuable resource not only can be increase production per unit area index over the country and world but also by increasing acreage can be increase products in the range of 4 to 42 percent and establishment of population based on various indices in the range of 11 to 34 percent. While economic-administrative agent as the main challenge in the implementation of pressurized irrigation systems in desert areas were identified.   Manuscript profile
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        151 - Water disputes in Central Asia: the nature, the basics of cooperation models and resolve
        farrzad piltan
        Water is of particular importance in Central Asia. The countries of this region are located in the arid and semi-arid region in the agricultural areas of the world, respectively.It can be assumed that tensions over water, Central Asia swept the country from moving towar More
        Water is of particular importance in Central Asia. The countries of this region are located in the arid and semi-arid region in the agricultural areas of the world, respectively.It can be assumed that tensions over water, Central Asia swept the country from moving towards working together opens.Central Asian countries are seeking to secure water-related issues.Economic development concerns, the need to control ethnic tensions, riots, social and environmental damage and population growth need to manage them more than ever to encourage it. As a result, the prospect of creating such guarantees on the supply of water policy in the region has created. Naturally, these conditions create the potential for cooperation eliminates the use of water resources. It looks like the efforts and experiences of cooperation in the field of water and solve the problems between the Central Asian States in this regard is based on the theory of the neo-liberal Institutionalism be defining. But due to the lack of these arrangements succeed in solving problems and create appropriate cooperation between these countries, substrates can be raised by the foundations with the theory of constructivism more appropriate solutions, including the management of common resources for the establishment of comprehensive cooperation proposal. Manuscript profile
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        152 - Application of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in International Economic Law
        morteza karkhaneh Mohammadreza hosseini Mohammadali Solhchi haybatallah najandimanesh
        Alternative Dispute Settlement (ADR) phrase is a common term that refers to peaceful and out-of-court dispute settlement. In this way, the parties to the dispute, instead of resorting to the courts, settle their claims by a third party or in a manner they consider appro More
        Alternative Dispute Settlement (ADR) phrase is a common term that refers to peaceful and out-of-court dispute settlement. In this way, the parties to the dispute, instead of resorting to the courts, settle their claims by a third party or in a manner they consider appropriate. The most important kinds of this method are: arbitration, negotiation, mediation, conciliation, Amiable Composition, and combinatorial methods. On the other hand, international economic law covers a wide range of areas including financial and banking law, commerce and foreign investment law. The key question of this study is what is the notion of alternative methods? And how we can effective and efficiently the resolving disputes arising from economic law? This study uses a descriptive-analytical method and its results show that the origin of international economic disputes is mainly due to the interpretation or performance of commercial contracts and banking and financial agreements, disputes arising out of expropriation, or deny of services. Because of international economic law subjects are diverse and even include natural persons, disputes are very complex; the parties to the disputes are usually reluctant to refer disputes to state courts and judicial authorities, thus using alternative means to resolve their disputes. Manuscript profile
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        153 - Effect of Pile Cap Geometry on Soil Arching Behavior in GRPS Embankments: A Comparative Study
        mohammad amir mirzaei Monireh Karimian Mobarakeh Arif Khan Adriko norman burua rashid hajivand dastgerdi
        This comprehensive study in geotechnical engineering presents valuable insights and advancements in the field of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pile-Supported Embankments (GRPS). The study focuses on the analysis of pile caps in GRPS using three-dimensional finite element mode More
        This comprehensive study in geotechnical engineering presents valuable insights and advancements in the field of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pile-Supported Embankments (GRPS). The study focuses on the analysis of pile caps in GRPS using three-dimensional finite element modeling, specifically employing PLAXIS-3D software. The research investigates the effects of different pile head shapes on soil arching, settlement, and stress distribution, emphasizing the significance of pile head selection for enhancing soil arching and reducing ground settlement. The study recommends larger pile heads with flattened top surfaces, as demonstrated in sections 4 and 5, as optimal choices for pile head design in GRPS projects. The proposed analytical model captures the time-dependent settlement behavior of subsoils, but a slight underestimation of settlement after embankment construction suggests the need for further consideration of factors like pile settlement and bottom sandy silt settlement. Future research should refine the analytical model to improve settlement predictions by incorporating these factors. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of investigating GRPS embankments with floating piles, complex construction processes, water effects on soil arching, and embankment performance. It is noted that earthquake loading was not specifically addressed, indicating the need for comprehensive research in this area. Overall, this study contributes to the knowledge of GRPS embankments and provides recommendations for design, construction, and future research directions. Manuscript profile
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        154 - Comparative study of development levels in stable and unstable population villages
        مریم قاسمی
        Undoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlemen More
        Undoubtedly, the most important population problem in rural areas of all developing countries, including Iran, is population evacuation of rural settlements. With the assumption that the level of development depends on the permanence of the population of rural settlements, the present research investigates the comparative aspects of development between two groups of stable and unstable villages. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach. The research tool is 380 household questionnaires in 41 sample villages in Mashhad city. Information was collected by documentary and survey methods. Sampling has been done by stratified method and the questionnaire contains questions that try to quantify the different dimensions of development in two groups of stable and unstable population villages in three dimensions and 62 indicators. Data analysis was done using inferential two-sample t and Yeoman-Whitney tests. The 20-year population balance of Mashhad city (65-85) shows that 74% of the rural settlements of the city with a negative population balance are immigrant-first and only 26% of the settlements with a positive population balance are receptive to immigration. A comparative study shows a higher level of development in the three economic, social and environmental dimensions in the population stable villages with 14.5, 21.4, 11.1 respectively compared to the demographically unstable villages with 13.3, 20.9, 9.1 respectively and in total the degree of development in the villages Stable population with 23.6 is higher than unstable population with 19.5. The results of this research can be used in development planning. Currently, most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) and efforts to improve the level of development in different dimensions in It reflects the low-population villages. most of the rural areas and settlements of the city are on the margins, this is the necessity of planning in order to reduce spatial imbalances in the rural areas of the city (between stable and unstable population villages) most of the rural areas and settlements of the Manuscript profile
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        155 - Explaining the praxis of social capital in the geographical reconstruction of informal settlements A case study of Malabaghi neighborhood in Khoy city
        Hassan Rezaei mir Saiid Musavi َAkbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf, Rasoul  Darskhan
        Reconstruction of the geography of development means a new ontology of development that is reproduced in the currents of regional geography under study, in other words, a type of self-regulating mechanism that has a field of distorted and complex relationships that inte More
        Reconstruction of the geography of development means a new ontology of development that is reproduced in the currents of regional geography under study, in other words, a type of self-regulating mechanism that has a field of distorted and complex relationships that interacts with other fields. Subsidiary and secondary and stable reactions are placed with them and emerge by a complex variety of spatial and non-spatial structures in the city. Geographical reconstruction occurs through the network of social capital among local groups and communities, and space is reproduced every moment through the accumulation of capital - reconstruction. The current research follows the current research in a descriptive and analytical method and uses statistical tests to evaluate the relationship of the social capital variable to the geographical reconstruction of informal settlements. Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical and the type of research is applied. The unit of analysis is the entire neighborhood of Mollah Baghi Khoi in terms of spatial scale and people in terms of population. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size is 150 people, the simple random sampling method and the data collection tool was a questionnaire, which were measured in the form of a five-level Likert scale (from very low to very high). The reliability of the research instrument was measured by Cronbach's alpha. . The average Cronbach's alpha of the research constructs is 75 Discussion The results of examining the relationship between different dimensions of social capital based on Pearson's correlation coefficient show that no significant relationship can be inferred from the relationship between the components (participation and social trust), (social participation and local institutions), in other words, increasing or decreasing the amount And the quality of the social participation component has no effect on the increasing or decreasing trend of social trust components and local institutions and vice versa. Manuscript profile
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        156 - Optimization of surficial settlement originated from the excavation of twin tunnels on surface structures with finite dimensions
        Hesam Pourhabiby Masuleh
        In urban regions, the stability and safety of surface structures are essential. With the development of cities and increasing building density in metropolitan areas, the construction of underground structures like subway tunnels will be considered more and more. The tun More
        In urban regions, the stability and safety of surface structures are essential. With the development of cities and increasing building density in metropolitan areas, the construction of underground structures like subway tunnels will be considered more and more. The tunnels are located close to the ground surface in most urban regions. Therefore, excavating these tunnels causes some displacements in the soils around the tunnels, leading to some adverse effects on the surface structures. Predicting deformations looks essential to reducing these effects, showing the importance of tunnel and structure interaction. In this paper, using three-dimensional numerical simulation and parametric studies, the effect of various parameters on the displacement of tunnels and their adjacent buildings are studied. The optimum surface settlement values are predicted using the neural network and developed optimization algorithms. The parameters under study are composed of: the horizontal distance between tunnels, the depth of tunnels, the angle between tunnels, the excavation distance between two tunnels, the diameter of the tunnels, tunnels' contraction, the soil's internal friction angle, and the soil's cohesion. Using a neural network and optimization algorithms can considerably help optimize the design and significantly reduce adverse effects on the surface structures during the tunnel excavation. The results from the neural network showed that the optimum state of displacement happens when the soil's cohesion, tunnels' contraction, diameter, and depth are the minimum values, and the excavation distance between two tunnels is the maximum value. Manuscript profile

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