Assessing the Hierarchical System of the City of Southeast Iran and its Impact on the Future of Regional Development Indicators

Subject Areas : Regional Planning

Ali Shahdadi ¹ , Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari ² , Mehdi mirzadeh kouhshahi ³ , Fariba Hassani ⁴ , Seyed Reza Hosseini ⁵

1 - Assistant Professor of Geography & Urban Planning, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor of Geography & Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor of Geography, University of Hormozgan, Hormozgan, Iran
4 - MSc Student of Land use Planning, Hormozgan University, BandarAbbas, Iran
5 - PhD Student of Geography & Rural Planning, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Received: 2019-01-08 Accepted : 2019-10-18 Published : 2020-07-22

Keywords: "Spatial planning", "spatial Analyzing", "hierarchical system", "urban settlements", "southeast of Iran",

Abstract :

          Analysis of the urban system of the south-east of the country is necessary because of the strategic importance of this region and with the aim of recognizing and providing a platform for balanced development, appropriate distribution of population and utilization of environmental capabilities. Therefore, recognizing the environmental, social and economical potentialities and capabilities of the cities of over 10,000 people in three provinces in southeastern Iran (Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan) with a regional development approach, is in line with the development of a balanced development of the reasons for writing this research. In fact, the purpose of the present research is to initially investigate the urban system of the southeastern parts of the country, and then, according to assessments of the current status of the urban hierarchy system, its impact on the future of regional development indicators. The results showed that urban hierarchy imbalance is one of the main characteristics of the urban system in the southeastern region, which has resulted in the lack of necessary small infrastructures and small towns. Also, the results of the futuristic model showed. Considering the importance of demographic indicators and their impact on the future of regional development indicators and the involvement of multiple elements, it is clear that the variables of urban management practices (36) and development status Human Indicators (35) have the highest calculated column value, respectively. In other words, the most important feature of these variables is low impact and high impact, and they are referred to as strategic factors, whose reinforcement boosts development in this region and has a positive impact on the economic, social and environmental dimensions. Extended Abstract: Introduction        In spite of the economic potential, security sensitivity, external access and international communications, geopolitical capacities, relatively multicultural geography and relatively decent biological foundations, the southeastern regions of Iran face significant challenges and challenges in land preparation. . One of the manifestations of poor land preparation in this area is the polarization of the population and its uneven distribution, which has also affected its urban network. In this regard, it is hypothesized that the urban network of the south-eastern region of the country lacks proper spatial balance and lacks optimal performance and optimal hierarchy. According to this approach, the analysis of the urban system of the south-east of the country is essential in two aspects: first, because of the geopolitical and geo-economics role of the region and the role that the south-east of the country can play in the economic development of the country; Past policies that have made each mother city of the district alone account for about half of the urban population of the Southeast, have exacerbated regional imbalances and concentrated population in limited areas. Paying attention to the abilities and problems of other areas and secondary social challenges such as marginalization, poverty, unemployment, goats Business and organized crime have been followed. This study seeks to study the urban system of the region and answer the general question of how the spatial pattern of urban system is in line with regional development and how does this situation affect the future of regional development indicators? Of course, the course of time and its course must also be examined. Therefore, in the present study, identifying and investigating the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the population of the region is a necessity of planning to modify the urban system and the comprehensive development and development at the regional level, which will then be attempted to interpret future urban system developments. Methodology:       The purpose of this study is developmental and descriptive-analytical and library method has been used for data collection. The required information of existing documents, especially the statistics of Iran Statistical Center has been extracted. In this study, considering demographic data based on 1995-1955 censuses, it has been attempted to study the developments in the urban hierarchy of the Southeast with a quantitative approach and by applying different models. What is certain is that the issue of optimal size and optimal size of the city is more important and rational than any other in the issue of the distribution of the urban population of the southeast in a hierarchical system. With regard to this issue, the subject of this study is the urban hierarchy in the south-eastern region of the country, comprising cities of over ten thousand inhabitants in three provinces of Hormozgan, Kerman and Sistan & Baluchestan in four statistical periods of 2006, 2011 & 2016 The main data used are the number of cities and their populations to examine the first urban phenomenon in the above periods. In this regard, it seems that the urban network of the south-east of the country lacks proper spatial equilibrium and lacks optimal performance and hierarchy. For this purpose, it has been attempted to use the MICMAC software to determine the degree of influence or influence of identified factors on the hierarchical status of cities. Results and discussion:        Examination of the first urban pattern in the urban system of the mentioned region during 1976-2016 shows that the city's first index, which measures the ratio between the first cities to the total urban population of the region, increased from 1996 to 2006 this year and again in the 2011-2016 period. The trend is decreasing. The size-up-to-date model shows that all cities under 50,000 have a population deficit. Studies at the regional level show that although the number of urban populations has declined, it is noteworthy that the highest population growth rates are in the three cities of Kerman, Zahedan and Bandar Abbas and the rest of the cities have grown less than the other three cities. The city in each of the four periods surveyed was strongly distant from other cities with strong polarization. Evaluation of analytical results of tensile coefficient in cities of south-east of Iran shows that this index during the period 1996-2006 in the population classes 25-50 thousand had the highest population tensile and cities under 25 thousand had negative tensile coefficient. We have seen a sharp decline in the elasticity of 25-50,000 cities in the 1990s. Populations of 10 to 25 thousand have the highest tensile coefficient at 3.155, indicating an upward growth of this population. In the 2011-2016s, cities with a population of 10-25 thousand have the highest tensile coefficient of the past 50-50 thousand cities with the lowest population elasticity, and cities with a population of over 100,000 still have a relative balance of population. The results of the future research model showed that, given the importance of demographic indicators and their impact on the future of regional development indicators and the involvement of multiple elements, it can be clearly identified from such technological links as human development indicators. Cited regional, national, ethnic, and economic activity linkages with regard to the location of cities in the South East as strategic factors that reinforce these aspects that contribute to the development boom in the region and its positive impact on the economic, social and economic aspects. To be seen in the environment. Conclusion:          What the results of this study show is that small towns have a good potential to attract populations and become service centers in their area, but what diminishes the functionality of these towns is the concentration of facilities and industries in several district cities that cause disruption. And the spatial imbalance in the region, thus confirming the hypothesis of this study.

References:

1-       Aghaeizadeh, I, (2018): A Spatial Analysis of Urban Hierarchy Based on the Formation of the Stepped System of the Urban System in Iran", Urban Planning Geography Research, 6(3), PP. 473- 490.

2-       Anthony, R-M, (2014): Bringing up the past: political experience and the distribution of urban populations. Cities, 37, PP.33-46.

3-       Barzegar, S. Sheikh-azami, A. and R. Yazerloo, (2018): Analysis and Analysis of Urban Hierarchy Pattern in Mazandaran Province, Marvdasht Regional Planning Journal, 8(2), PP. 77- 88.

4-      Buyantuyev, A. Wu, J. and C. Gries, (2010): Multiscale analysis of the urbanization pattern of the Phoenix metropolitan landscape of USA: time, space and thematic resolution. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94(3-4), PP.206-217.

5-      Chen, Y. and B. Jiang, (2018): Hierarchical scaling in systems of natural cities. Entropy, 20(6), PP. 421-432.

6-       Costa, S-M-F-D. Carmo, M-B-S-D. and  P-R. Barja, (2019): The urban hierarchy at the delta of the Amazon River and the importance of small cities. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 11.

7-       Dadashpoor, H. and Moloudi, J. (2011): Investigation and analysis of the urban hierarchy Ardebil", Journal of Geographical Space Research, 11(34), PP.102-131.

8-       Drennan Robert D and Peterson Christian E. (2004): Comparing archaeological settlement systemswith rank-size graphs: a measure of shape andstatistical confidence, Journal of ArchaeologicalScience, 31, PP.533–549.

9-       Farhoudi, R. Zanganeh. S and R. Saeed Mocheshi, (2009): Spatial Distribution of Population in Iranian Urban System 1335-1385", Journal of Geographical Research, 42(68), PP. 55-68.

10-   Ghasemi, F. Rezaei, M-H. and H. Setodeh, (2013): Analysis of the urban hierarchy Fars province", Journal of Urban Planning, 4(14), PP.41-60.

11-   Hajyousefi, A, (2002): Land Preparation (Concepts and Approaches), Social Work Quarterly, 3(10-11), PP. 35-39.

12-   Heidari, A. Rahnama, M-R. Shokouhi, M. and O-A. Kharazmi, (2016), Analysis of Spatial Developments of Urban Environment in Mashhad Metropolitan Area Using Future Natural Research Model, Journal of Geograp0hy and Environmental Sustainability, 6(18), PP. 1-19.

13-        Heydari, A. and S. bakhtar, (2018): Analyzing the regional development of kurdish border cities of iran using sustainable urban development indices (study area: kurdistan province). Geojournal of tourism and geosites, 23 (3), PP.797–807.

14-   Hossein-zadeh-dalir, K, (2001): Regional Planning, Third Edition, Khome Publications (Publishing SAMT), Tehran.

15-   Inanloo, A, (2011): A Survey of Qazvin City Hierarchical System, Quarterly Journal of Geography Education, 4(25), PP. 27-31.

16-    Jefferson, M, (1939): The Law of the Primate City, Geographical Review, Vol. 29, pp. 226-232.

17-   Karami, M. Sorkh Kamal, K. Shahabolmolk, J. and H. Malekmohammadi, (2013): Analysis of Urban Hierarchy of Kermanshah Province, Environmental Statistics Quarterly, 6(32), PP. 1-20.

18-   Khadem-alhosseini, Ah. and M-R. Abbasi, (2012): Investigation of Urban Hierarchy with Quantitative Models(Case Study of West Azarbaijan Province), Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 1(1), PP. 7-18.

19-   Lotfi, S. Irandoust, K. and E. Babakhanzadeh, (2013): A Survey of the First Urban Developments and the Urban System of the Zagros Region (1976-2005), Journal of Space Geography, 3(8), PP. 23-45.

20-   Maleki, S. Ahmadian-dehaghani, F. and L. Ghadimi, (2015): Investigating the Urban Hierarchy Process of Khuzestan Province, Zagros Landscape Geography and Urban Planning Quarterly, 7(26), PP. 177-192.

21-   Mireei, M, (2014): The Iranian regime emerging urban land use planning approach, case study: Qom Province, Journal of Land Use, 2(6), PP. 209-237.

22-   Mohammadi, G. and E. Rostami, (2016): Analysis of changes in the urban hierarchy Zanjan period 90-1355, Journal of geographic space planning, 6(20), PP. 16-1.

23-   Mohammadzade-titkanloo, H, (2002): Capacity Building in medium-sized towns and Spatial Development (bojnurd U Khorasan), Journal of Fine Arts, 12(12), PP. 33-49.

24-   Nastaran, M. Abolhassani, F. & M. Izadi, (2010): Analysis of Urban Hierarchy in Cities Over 100 Hundreds of People, Geographical Survey of Environmental Statistics, 3(11), PP.157-174.

25-   Pumain, D. and F. Moriconi-Ebrard, (1997): City size distributions and metropolisation. Geojournal, 43(4), PP. 307-314.

26-    Rahnama, M-R and M. Tavangar, (2008): A Comparative Study of the Margins in Sabzevar, Neyshabur, Torbat Heydariyeh and Gonabad, Journal of Regional Geography and Development, 7(11), PP. 83-115.

27-        Ren, Y. Wei, X. Wei, X. Pan, J. Xie, P. Song, X. and J. Zhao, (2011): Relationship between vegetation carbon storage and urbanization: a case study of Xiamen, China. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(7), PP.1214-1223.

28-   Sarafi, M, (2000): Fundamentals of Regional Development Planning, Publications of Management and Planning Organization, Tehran.

29-   Sayyaf, A. Mireei, M. and M. Noodeh Farahani, (2012): The developments of the central system of the city and its future prospects, Journal of Geography and environmental sustainability, 2(4), PP. 17-38.

30-        Schaffar, A. and S. Pavleas, (2014): The Evolution Of The Greek Urban Centers: 1951-2011. Région et Développement, 39, PP. 87-104.

31-   Sheikhi, H. and A. Shahivandi, (2012): Analysis of the regional development and urban systems in the region of Zagros, specialized spatial planning Journal, Volume 2, Issue 6, PP. 21-40.

32-    Taqvaei, M. and M. Goudarzi, (2009): The city of Bushehr network analysis", Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 7(13), PP. 109-138.