• List of Articles فنل

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Rosaceae Plants as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidants in Food Industry
        فائزه Kamali A.R Sadeghi Mahonak زهرا Nasiri far
        Introduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthe More
        Introduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthetic antioxidants BHT, BHA as well as the natural ascorbic acid.   Materials and Methods : In this study, the phenolic content of the methanolic extract of the samples were isolated and the antioxidant activities of five species of Rosaceae were determined by using DPPH free radical and nitric oxide scavenging , and the results were compared to the synthetic antioxidant Results : The results showed that the content of studied plant samples ranged from 0.51±0.41 – 35.53±0.89 mgGAEg -1. Concentraition of extract for scavening 50 percent of free radicals and nitric oxide radicals varied from 77.42 ± 0.91 to 1484.2 ± 96.44 and 233.24±3.39- 1572.46±203.76 Ug/ml. The highest phenolic amount was related to the Rosa damascena Mill leaf and next grade Cydonia oblonga Mill leaf. Extract of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quine fruit and seed and Almond seed had high antioxidant activity and no significant difference was observed between them and the synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and Vit C). Conclusion : The results of this study clearly suggested that there is a significant relationship between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic concentration and the extracts of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quince fruit and seed and almond seed might be employed as appropriate alternatives to the synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile
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        2 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L) Extract
        A. Abaee M. Mohammadian S. Jaberipour
        Introduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally More
        Introduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally as a medicinal and pharmaceutical preparation due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. Materials and Methods: The amount of polyphenolic compounds and radical-scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of chamomile were studied under different conditions of heating, pH alterations and storage. Results: Heat treatment of 70-120°C at pH of either 5.6 or 2.6 for 5 and 15 minutes did not influence the phenolics content. However, acidification of the extract from the inherent value of 5.6 to 2.6 decreased the polyphenols content by 10%. The antioxidant activity of the extract decreased due to heating at 70, 80 and 90°C and the higher the heating temperature and the longer the heating duration, the lower was the antioxidant activity of the heat-treated extract. The amount of polyphenols in the extract with the inherent pH of 5.6 was increased over 25-day storage period that was attributed to the release of some phenolic compounds being bound to other compounds. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that polyphenols present in aqueous extract of chamomile are resistance to thermal process. But, the antioxidant activity of extract was reduced as the result of heating. However, it can be concluded that the phenolic compounds of chamomile extract had a high resistance to heat and showed a significant antioxidant activity after pasteurization process. Moreover, the phenolic compounds of the extract were stable in acidic pH during long-term maintenance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Effect of Microliposomes Containing Phenolic and Tocopherol Compounds of (Pistacia atlantica) Kernel Oil on the Butter Stability
        M. Nikkhah J. Khoshkho S. E. Hoseini P. Mahasti A. Akhondzadeh
        Introduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent More
        Introduction: Wild pistachio (pistacia atlantica), as a plant source is rich in phenolic and tocopherol content that has significant antioxidant, therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. Encapsulation can be used as an effective method to improve the stability and prevent undesirable taste of phenolic compounds. Therefore in this study, the effect of micro liposomes containing phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica (Beneh) oil on oxidative stability of butter was investigated.Results: The particle size of liposome was in the range of 4-9μm. The addition of cholesterol had a significant effect on particle size. The addition of cholesterol increased the zeta potential of the samples. The total concentration of 40 to 20 mg lecithin to cholesterol was identified as an optimal concentration in the production of micro liposomes and it was used in determination of oxidative stability of butter. The results showed that N400 (sample containing 400 mg / 1000g of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of pistacia atlantica) had the highest stability.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that use of phenolic and tocopherol compounds of Beneh kernel oil, in form of microcapsules might be used to prevent chemical spoilage and also increase the shelf life and beneficial properties of cream and butter derived it, and it has taken a positive step towards producing functional products and promoting consumer health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Prediction of Phenol Adsorption by Sawdust from Wastewater Using Intelligent Methods
        Mohsen Keshavarz Tork Ahad Ghaemi Mansour Shirvani
        10.22034/jest.2019.13948
          Background and Objective: Phenol presence and its derivatives in water and waste water on human health and the environment is one the major concerns. Because of the toxicity of phenol and also because of the presence of even low concentrations in natural resource More
          Background and Objective: Phenol presence and its derivatives in water and waste water on human health and the environment is one the major concerns. Because of the toxicity of phenol and also because of the presence of even low concentrations in natural resources, water disinfection and oxidation processes can lead to the formation of additional components. This material is one of the most common organic pollutants in water. In this research, adsorption of phenol from wastewater by sawdust was simulated using intelligent techniques. Method: Intelligent techniques including multi-layer Perceptron, radial basis functions network and support vector regression were used. To design the network structure as well as the training and testing of 125 sets of experimental data is used. Performance evaluation criteria and stop network consists of % AARE and, which is used for all three models. Findings: All models compared results showed that the support vector regression with 0.5132 and 0.979, respectively, for %AARE and  is the best model. All models are better results than the quadratic polynomial model showed. Discussion and Conclusion: Models showed good agreement with experimental data. The optimum conditions for the removal of phenol were 127.6 mg/l of initial phenol concentration, 0.84 g/l of adsorbent dose, natural pH value of 3.62 and 146.9 min of contact time, under these conditions the maximum removal efficiency was 91.23%. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Investigation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. extract from Kolakchal region, Tehran Province
        ZAHRA SADAT AGHAKHAH RAZLIGHI Rustaiyan Abdolhossein Kambiz Larijani
        This plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, More
        This plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, Flavonoid and antioxidant property of aerial parts extract of plant of Iran in the Kolakchal area (Tehran-Iran) were investigated. To measure The amount of Phenol and Flavonoid respectively is used from reagents Folin- Ciocalteu and Alcl3 and the method DPPH is used to measure the Antioxidant potential. The result showed the phenolic content for samples respectively 0.925 milligram of galic acid per gram dry weight and 18.887 milligram quercetin per gram dry weight. In evaluation of antioxidant potential by method DPPH amount of Ic50 for BHT 72301/428 µgr/ml and for the extract is 45829/364 µgr/ml. As a result, the antioxidant activity of this plant have higher potential against the antioxidant synthesis of BHT. The results of this study showed that this plant has a good antioxidant power against a variety of oxidative systems and as an accessible natural antioxidant can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extract of asgari grape residue
        Seyed Hashem Akhlaghi
        In this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was de More
        In this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was determined by DPPH method and chelating ability of iron ion was determined by Ferrozine assay. Analysis of variance with SAS program showed that the effect of solvent, time, intensity and interaction [intensity × time] and [intensity × solvent] and [Time × solvent] on the strength of radical scavenging has significant difference in 0.01 (one percent) between the experimental levels. Comparison of means showed that the 50% radical scavenging power (IC50) of ethanol extract is more than aqueous extract. Maximum radical scavenging power for ultrasound extract was observed at 40 minutes sonication and minimum power was observed at 30 minutes sonication. Increase the intensity of ultrasound can reduce radical scavenging power, while its maximum was observed in the intensity of 20% and its minimum in the intensity of 40 percent. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Changes phenol in tomato plants infected with Rhizoctonia solani by salicylic acid and mycorrhizal fungi Glomus spp.
        Milad HARIRI BOUKANI Sediqe MOHAMMADI
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Evaluation of the effect of magnetic field, gibberellic acid hormone and temperature treatments on some physiological characteristics of Salva strawberry in Shiraz region
        Mohammad Reza Zandi Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Behnam Behroznam Abdul Rasool Zakirin
        10.30495/sarj.2023.1979794.1117
        In order to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid, magnetic field and temperature on strawberry, this research was conducted in form of split plot on based of randomiz completely design and treatments include gibberellic acid, magnetic field and temperature stress More
        In order to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid, magnetic field and temperature on strawberry, this research was conducted in form of split plot on based of randomiz completely design and treatments include gibberellic acid, magnetic field and temperature stress in three levels. The results of analysis of variance of the data showed that the interaction effect on all studied traits was significant. The comparison of the averages showed that the highest amounts of chlorophyll a (14.95 mg of protein per minute) and total chlorophyll (28.54 mg of protein per minute) in the treatment of 100 mg/L gibberellic acid, magnetic field of 10 millitesla and temperature of 2 degrees and the highest of chlorophyll b (9.26 mg of protein per minute) and polyphenol oxidase enzyme (57.52 mg of protein per minute) were obtained in the treatment of 50 mg/L of gibberellic acid, 10 milliTesla magnetic field and 8 degrees. The highest amounts of peroxidase (53.6 mg of protein per minute) in the treatment of 100 mg/liter of gibberellic acid acid, magnetic field of twenty millitesla and temperature of twenty degrees Celsius and the highest values of titratable acidity (0.89 percent) and pH (6.9) were obtained in the treatment of no use of gibberellic acid, no use of magnetic field and temperature of 20 degrees. In terms of the triple interaction effect, the best effective treatment on increasing the storage time of strawberries was the combined treatment of 50 mg/L gibberellic acid and 10 milliTesla magnetic field and 8 degrees Celsius temperature. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Drying Peppermint Medicinal plant (Mentha piperita) using Combinations of Shade and Microwave Treatments –Part Two: Investigating the Effects of Treatments on some Phytochemical Properties of Dried Leaves
        Fatemeh Roozdar Majid Azizi askar ghani
        10.30495/sarj.2023.1980401.1120
        Drying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavo More
        Drying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, flavon and flavonol, and also antioxidant activity and total carbohydrates, two experiments were conducted separately based on a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The results showed a significant effect of different drying methods on the studied traits (p<0.05). In simple drying, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonols related to fresh sample, while the minimum amount of these compounds was obtained in oven treatment with a temperature of 70oC, but in the combined drying method, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid and flavon and flavonol were found in the combination treatment of shade + microwave 450 W, and the minimum amount was observed in the microwave drying method of 100 W + shade. Also, in the simple drying method, samples dried in artificial shade with 88.83% and in combined drying with treatment shade + 450 W microwave with 0.48% had the maximum antioxidant activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the simple drying of the fresh sample and in the combined drying of the shade + 450 W microwave method, they will be very favorable because they will maintain the biochemical characteristics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Investigation on germination and phenolic content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in response to cell phone radiation
        Elham Rajabbeigi Mohammadreza Rousta
        Nowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) More
        Nowadays, the use of cell phone has increased with the modernization. It has led to the increase in the radiations in the environment which further has effect on the plants and animals including human beings. In this research, the grains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were placed in petridish and the mobile phone set was placed over them and it was activated by calling from another phone. The grains under the treatment for 14 days, were radiated for 10 minutes every day. After the treatment, the effects of cell phone waves on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were investigated and the percentage of germination, radical scavengering capacity, and phenolics were examined in compared to control samples. It was observed that radiations emitted from cell phone show considerable increasing in the germination percentage and lipid peroxidation. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) and protein content were declined in response to cell phone radiations. Increasing of seed germination could be caused by inducing gene expression in response to cell phone radiations. It seems that although the decrease in radical scavenging activity, ROS was increased. It could be led to lipid degradation in compare to control ones. Total phenolics decreased in response to phone radiation. It seems that cell phone radiation can affect cells through the membrane degeneration and the production of reactive oxygen species. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Evaluation of changes in nitrogen, zinc, potassium sources and their combined application on some growth factors and physiological traits flavonoid , phenolic compounds and Anthocyanin of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar single cross 704
        Tahereh Tavan Mohammad Ali Rezaei Mehr Ali Mahmood Janlou
        10.30495/zisti.2023.1999247.1178
        Introduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants ca More
        Introduction: Corn is one of the valuable agricultural plants whose diversity, adaptability and high nutritional value have placed it among the most important agricultural plants in the world. Foliar spraying of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizers on corn plants can provide farmers and researchers with very good information about the effect of nitrogen, zinc and potassium fertilizer consumption in the climatic conditions of Golestan province.Aim: Considering the medicinal effects of corn cob and its importance in medicine and the presence of special effective substances in this connection in corn silk, it seems that their quantity and quality are affected by the use of nitrogen, zinc, and potassium. Therefore, examining these changes is one of the practical goals of this research.Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the changes resulted from nitrogen, zinc, potassium and their simultaneous application were done on some morphophysiological traits of single cross 704 hybrid maize as a randomized complete block design with four replications in spring and summer of 2019 in Golestan province, the Katoul farm. Treatments included nitrogen(N), potassium(P), zinc(Z) fertilizer and combined application of nitrogen+potassium(NP), nitrogen+zinc(NZ), potassium+zinc(PZ) and their combined application of nitrogen+potassium+zinc(NPZ) with control. The results showed the traits were affected by fertilizer sources significantly (p≤ 0.01).Results: The studied treatments had a significant effect on the traits of height to the first corn, number of rows, ear length and ear diameter at the time of full ripening at the probability level of (p≤ 0.01). With the application of zinc, nitrogen and potassium elements, a significant increase in the content of phenolic compounds of leaves, silk and corn seeds was observed. The flavonoids of leaves, silk and seeds were influenced by the supply of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), potassium (K) fertilizers and their simultaneous application. Leaf anthocyanin in foliar spraying treatments with single potassium fertilizer, due to creating optimal conditions, most of the current energy of the plant was spent in the direction of growth, development and increasing the yield of treated plants, so the biosynthesis and production of anthocyanin in corn leaves with single application of potassium was less, but silk anthocyanin And the seed with single application of potassium and simultaneous application of potassium+nitrogen, potassium+zinc, potassium+nitrogen+zinc showed a significant increase compared to the control. Conclusion: according to the obtained results, the simultaneous application of fertilizers is recommended to increase the morpho-physiological traits and yield of plants. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Phytochemical investigation of the extract of Astragalus tragacantha collected from the vegetative areas of Meshkin Shahr and its antimicrobial effects on some common oral and dental bacteria
        Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh
        Introduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: Gon extract was extracted by maceratio More
        Introduction and purpose: Recently, due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, the use of phenolic and antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants has received special attention.Materials and methods: Gon extract was extracted by maceration method and their phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC, the antimicrobial effect of the extract was investigated in concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). These bacteria included common microbes and fungi, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivaris, Streptococcus subrinus, Escherichia coli, Icnella cordens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Disc diffusion and MIC methods were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts.Findings: In the investigation of the effect of the desired extract on bacteria, it was found that the medicinal plant Gon has the least inhibitory effect against Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria and the most inhibitory effect on Candida glabrata fungus. The results of the MIC test also confirm these effectsConclusion: According to the phytochemical results obtained from the extract of this research, it can be stated that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial phenolic compounds. Therefore, the results of the research showed that the extract of the medicinal plant Goon has a suitable anti-microbial effect against the bacteria causing oral and dental infections, and it was expressed as an alternative to the standard drugs chlorhexidine and nystatin. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - The Response of Pot Marigold Plant (Calendula officinalis L.) to Ascorbic Acid and Brassinosteroid under Drought Stress
        Khatereh Hemmati Ali Ebadi Saeed Khomari Mohammad Sedghi
        To evaluate water deficit stress, brassinosteroid and ascorbic acid effects on photosynthetic pigments and some pot marigold’s compatible solutes, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field and labratory of university of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2014. A fa More
        To evaluate water deficit stress, brassinosteroid and ascorbic acid effects on photosynthetic pigments and some pot marigold’s compatible solutes, an experiment was conducted at the experimental field and labratory of university of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2014. A factorial split experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications were used. Water deficit was induced by two levels of water stress (50 and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan) considered as main factor and brassinosteroid (0, 10-8 and 10-7 M) and ascorbic acid (0 and 10 mM) as sub factors. Results showed that water deficit, brassinosteroid and ascorbic acid increased soluble sugars, carotenoids and polyphenol oxidase activity. Water deficit decreased the rate of a, b and total chlorophylls, lysine and methionine. However, application of brassinosteroid and ascorbic acid decreased water deficit effects and increased the rate of a, b and total chlorophylls. Ascorbic acid application under stress condition increased the rate of lysine and methionine. Considering these results it can concluded that ascorbic acid and brassinosteroid increase marigold tolerance to water shortage by enhancing defensive system and prevention of photosynthetic pigments destruction. It seems application of brassinosteroid can improve medicinal particularity of marigold. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Effect of Nano-TiO2 and Salicylic Acid Foliar Application on some Biochemical Traits of Corn 704 Single Cross under Water Regimes
        Faezeh Shargi Ebrahim Khalilvand Behrouzyar
        10.30495/jcep.2019.669710
        In order to investigate the effects of water deficit stress and nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on some biochemical traits of corn704 single crossplant, an experiment was conducted in split plot factorial based on RCBD in three replications at the Resear More
        In order to investigate the effects of water deficit stress and nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on some biochemical traits of corn704 single crossplant, an experiment was conducted in split plot factorial based on RCBD in three replications at the Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, during growing seasons of 2017-2018. Treatments were water deficit stress in three levels contained: 50, 75 and 100% filed capacity (FC) as well as thefactorial combination of nano-TiO2 (n-TiO2) foliar application in three levels contains: non application (control), 0.01 and 0.03 and salicylic acid (SA) foliar application in two levels contain: non application and 0.5%. Result showed that 0.5% SA foliar application under 50% water deficit stress had the highest peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and lowest malondialdehyde activity. Furthmore, 0.01% n-TiO2 foliar application had the highest effect on peroxidase and lowest effect on malondialdehyde activity. Use and non-use condition of SA, 0.01% n-TiO2 foliar application had the positive effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. Foliar application of 0.01% n-TiO2 and0.5% SA under water deficit stress had the highest effect on soluble carbohydrates and proline. Based on the results, the guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity increased with increasing water deficit stress level, so that the most activity of this enzyme was observed in irrigation with 50 % filed capacity. Considering the role of the traits studied in cooperation with each other in preventing the production of active oxygen species and reducing the effects of water deficit stress, SA and n-TiO2, increasing the activity of enzyme peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, soluble carbohydrates, Proline and in contrast to the reduction of malondialdehyde reduced the negative effects of water deficit stress. Since SA and n-TiO2 had positive effects on the enzymes affecting plant physiology, the seed yield increased significantly compared to control and water deficiet conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Total phenolics, flavonoids content and antioxidant capacities of grape pomace fermented by Aspergillusoryzae
        رقیه Ashrafi Yorghanloo محمد Alizadeh Khaledabad محمود Rezazad Bari لطیفه Pour Akbar
           Antioxidants due to the extensive biological properties and their role in preventing of various diseases, are considered as components of health. Grape pomacevitisviniferacv.rish baba contains high amounts of antioxidant compounds. Fermentation of grape pom More
           Antioxidants due to the extensive biological properties and their role in preventing of various diseases, are considered as components of health. Grape pomacevitisviniferacv.rish baba contains high amounts of antioxidant compounds. Fermentation of grape pomace by Aspergillusoryzae increases the extraction of these compounds. Ultrasound – assisted extraction is the most important methods for the extraction of valuable compounds from plant sources and accelerates the rate of extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate of various factors effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of grape pomace fermented by Aspergillusoryzae and using response surface methodology. The variables were temperature (55-67°c), time (24-32 min), solvent concentration (37-49%) and whey powder content (10-50gr). The highest rate of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were obtained at 64°c for 30 min and the solvent concentration of 46%. The highest level of DPPH and FRAP were obtained at 58°c for 30 min and the solvent concentration of 46%. With increasing extraction time phenolic compounds, flavonoids, DPPH and FRAP were ascending. Obtained results proved that fermentation by Aspergillusoryzae and using ultrasound – assisted extraction was a suitable method for the extraction of biological material from grape pomace with benefites such as high extraction rate, reducing the amount of solvent, temperature and time required. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Changes of antioxidative systems in various color leaves of Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonicus Thunb.)
        Nader Chaparzadeh Samane Safikhani Laila Zarandi-Miandoab
        Some physiological parameters and antioxidant responses were investigated in different color leaves of the evergreen shrub Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonica Thunb.). The shrub has leaves with three colors including dark green, light green, and yellow. Oxidative stress More
        Some physiological parameters and antioxidant responses were investigated in different color leaves of the evergreen shrub Japanese spindle (Euonymus japonica Thunb.). The shrub has leaves with three colors including dark green, light green, and yellow. Oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide concentration, cell membrane stability, and lipids peroxidation), activity of peroxidase and some antioxidant molecules (phenolic compounds, proline, and free amino acids) were studied. Significant differences were found in hydrogen peroxide content, cell membrane stability, and membrane lipids peroxidation among leaves. In yellow leaves, the total content of proline and free amino acids were higher than those of the dark green and light green leaves. The highest and lowest free phenolic compounds contents were found in the dark green and yellow leaves, respectively. The POD activity increased significantly with changing leaf color from dark green to light green and to yellow. As a result, despite the activity of the antioxidant systems, the color change from dark green to yellow caused a gradual increase in the oxidative damage. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Effects of methanol spraying on some biochemical and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress
        Behzad Amraei Farzad Paknejad Mohammadali Ebrahimi Hamid Sobhanian
        In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random d More
        In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random design with 3 repetitions. Treatments included three irrigation levels of normal (irrigation after 40% depletion of available soil moisture), average stress (irrigation after 60% depletion of available soil moisture), and severe stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of available soil moisture) as the main factor and levels of methanol in the form of foliar application including control solutions (foliar application without use of methanol) and solutions of 14.7% and 21% of methanol as secondary factor. Results obtained from the study showed that there were significant differences between various levels of methanol in content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds, relative water content, phenolic compounds, total protein content, proline, and leaf peroxide hydrogen in (P≤0.01). With the application of stress from mild to severe, application of 14% methanol showed more pronounced effects on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Moreover, under mild and severe stress conditions, with application of the highest value of methanol, production of peroxide hydrogen reached lowest level and the content of phenolic compounds increased with the increased application of methanol from 7% to 14%. According to the obtained results, with application of 14% methanol, more increase was observed in the efficiency of proline under severe stress conditions. Increasing the volume of methanol from 7 to 14%, the relative water content was preserved under stress conditions. For protein, with increased drought stress, the effect of application of 14% methanol was the same in comparison with 21% methanol. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is concluded that methanol could improve plant resistance against drought stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - A study on phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks) leaf in natural habitat of Ilam province
        علی اصغر حاتم نیا پرویز ملک زاده خشنود نورالهی طاهره ولدبیگی
        In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picr More
        In the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Among all the sample tested, leaf extract of K3 and K4 genotypes contained the highest and the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The results indicated that among all the genotypes studied here, the highest and the lowest antioxidant activity were observed in K3 and K4 genotypes, respectively. According to the results, total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in kolkhoung can be influenced by different factors such as genetic, environmental and ecological conditions. So that the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity increased in leaf of kolkhoung as the altitude increased, and the highest amount of compounds were observed in K3 genotype at altitude of 2083 meters (Ghalarang mountain). However, the results obtained in our research indicated that K3 genotype had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and interestingly this genotype revealed the highest antioxidant activity among all samples tested. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - The effect of mycorrhiza fungi on the morphological characteristics, phenolic compounds. and chlorophyll fluorescence of Borage (Borago officinails L.) under draught stress
        علی Rahimi Sh Jahanbin امین Salehi هوشنگ Faraji
        Drought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a ra More
        Drought is one of the factors that affect medicinal plants. On the other hand, the role of mycorrhiza fungi was effective in improving the performance of some medicinal plants exposed to draught stress. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Boyerahmad region during 2015 - 2016. The experiment factors consisted of irrigation levels (main plot) as irrigation after S1 =30, S2 =60, S3 =90, S4 =120 and S5 =150 mm water evaporation from evaporation pan class A and mycorrhiza fungi (sub plot) consisted of non-inoculation (NG), inoculation with mycorrhiza fungi species of Glomus mosseae (GM) and Glomus intraradices (GI). Results showed that the effect of year on the studied traits of Borage was not significant. The effect of drought stress on leaf area index of Borage was significant and in the irrigation after 30 and 60 mm evaporation the highest LAI was obtained. The application of mycorrhiza fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices increased the amount of phenols of Borageby %13 and% 9, respectively as compared with the plants not inoculated with mycorrhiza fungi. Increase in the drought from 30 mm to 150 mm decreased evaporation, height, number of tributaries and chlorophyll fluorescence, but the application of mycorrhiza could increase the studied characteristics of Borage under drought stress conditions and decrease the negative effects of stress. Manuscript profile
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        20 - A study on the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace (Olea europaea L.) on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
        Azin Ghafarizadeh Seyyed Mansour Seyyed nejad Mozhan Vafaei Abdolali Gilani Azra Saboora
        This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design More
        This study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 % W/W) of olive fruit pomace and three wheat cultivars (Triticale, Karkhe and Chamran). The amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase enzymes of leaf, and amount of malondialdehyde of leaf at ear emergence stage and spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, total harvest index, grain proline content, and grain soluble carbohydrate content at complete ripeness stage of wheat were measured. According to the results, amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activity of peroxidase of leaf, spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and total harvest index decreased in the three wheat cultivars with an increase in the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. But the amount of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme of leaf, amount of malondialdehyde of leaf, grain proline, and grain soluble carbohydrate content showed increase in the three wheat cultivars by increasing the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. Since olive fruit pomace contains phenolic compounds, the inhibitory effects of olive pomace on wheat growth are attributed to these compounds.   Manuscript profile
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        21 - The effects of irrigation period and humic acid on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
        Hossain Gorgini sarah khorasaninejad mohammadreza abbasi alireza tabasi
        In order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research More
        In order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Baharan University of Gorgan, during growing season of  2016- 2017. Treatments were four levels of irrigation periods (every 3, 6, 9 days and everyday as control) and humic acid at three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/l). Results showed that irrigation periods increased phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. The effect of the longest irrigation period (every 9 days) increased 1.07, 0.016, 14.53, 1.87 and 3.82 percent of proline, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and soluble carbohydrate, respectively. Also the highest concentration of essential oils was observed with the every 6 days irrigation treatment showing 15% difference as compare with the control. On the other hand irrigation period decreased significantly shoot height and wet and dry weight. Moreover, humic acid had a significant effect on all characteristics under study. Also, interaction effect of humic acid and irrigation periods had significant effects on all traits except for phenolic compounds. Foliar application with 150 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation resulted in the maximum increase in thymol and antioxidant activities. The highest level of essential oils was achieved in 300 mg/l humic acid and every 6-day irrigation period. Maximum proline content was also recorded under 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation period. Generally, findings suggested application of 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation as economically the best treatment since under humic acid application and less irrigation water the same yield is achieved as under high water consumption. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Investigation of antioxidant activity and application of HPLC technique for analysis of phenolic compounds of Amygdalus haussknechtii leaf extract
        Ali Asghar Hatamnia Rabie Sharifi
        This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant act More
        This study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was estimated by two methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging. High- performance chromatography was used for quantitative estimation of the phenolic compounds. Results showed that antioxidant activity of leaf extract of H3 genotype was significantly higher than that of H1 and H2 genotypes. The high antioxidant activity can be attributed to higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, so that high correlation coefficient was observed between total phenolic content and DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, R = 0.902 and R= 0.806, respectively. Analyzing the phenolic compounds by HPLC method indicated that catechin, sinapic acid, quercetin, and apigenin were found in H3 genotype. Also, apigenin compound was observe in all three investigated genotypes. Generally, the results suggested that leaf extract of H3 genotype with high phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity can be presented as a source of natural antioxidant and used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile
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        23 - The effect of solvent type and concentration on extraction of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis L. leaf collected from Golestan province
        Mohammad Moghaddam Leila Mehdizade
        10.30495/iper.2021.679541
        In order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect o More
        In order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect of solvent type (acetone, ethanol, methanol) at three concentrations (50, 80 and 100%) on extracted total phenolics content of C. elbursensis leaf was evaluated. At second experiment antioxidant capacity of produced extract from the best solvent at first experiment with the highest phenolic compounds (methanol 80%) was investigated by two different methods including total antioxidant and Fe reduction capacity. The results of these experiments showed that all three solvents; acetone, ethanol and methanol; in the form of mixture with water have more potential for extracting phenolic compounds toward the pure ones. The highest total phenolic content (118 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained at 80% concentration of all solvents, especially at methanol 80%. The results of evaluating antioxidant activity showed that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 500 µg/mL, antioxidant activity (0.8 mg/mL) was increased. Investigation of Fe reduction capacity indicated that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 800 µg/mL, the amount of absorption of the solvents contain the extract significantly increased. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the leaves of this plant can be used as the source of phenolics and antioxidants in different industries. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Biochemical defense response of the greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to complex disease caused by a root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt fungus
        Mehdi Mohamadian Sarcheshmeh Saeed Rezaee Alireza Iranbakhsh
        10.30495/iper.2021.679543
        Complex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. More
        Complex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. The Assessment of plant defense compounds in the Complex disease helps understand the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the production of nematode-resistant cultivars. After inoculation of the plants in a greenhouse, the peroxidase enzyme and the phenolic compounds were measured using spectrophotometric method. The experiment was conducted based on a factorial completely randomized designed with 14 treatments, including control, fungi alone, nematode alone in four inoculations level viz. 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 J2s, fungus + nematode simultaneously, and fungus a week after nematode inoculation with 4 replications. Phenolic compounds increased by %54.74 and %92.34 and peroxidase enzyme activity increased by %50.64 and %63.31 in plants inoculated with fungus alone and nematode alone (6000 larvae) compared to the control, showing that these substances act as defensive compounds in cucumber. Results showed that increasing the nematode population in inoculated plants improved the defense compounds levels.  Inoculation of nematode (6000 larvae) followed by fungus led to %80 and %54.48 increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity, respectively as compared with the control which might be attributed to the synergistic effects of pathogens. The fungi had a more active role than nematodes in increasing the peroxidase compared to the phenolic compounds, which indicated the complex nature of nematode parasitism in the nematode-plant interaction. Decrease in the defense compounds in Negin cultivar (susceptible to Fusarium) and increase in the level of these compounds in Khasib (tolerant to Fusarium) and Dastjerdi (tolerant to nematode) cultivars showed that the production of the defensive compounds may be related to the cucumber resistance to pathogens. Manuscript profile
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        25 - Effect of height and soil properties on some secondary metabolites of different organs of sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) in different natural habitats of Mazandaran province
        Niloofar Zakaria Nejad Hossein Moradi Pourya Biparva Zahra Memariani
        10.30495/iper.2021.1936770.1716
        Various environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountain More
        Various environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountainous areas of northern Iran and some other regions of the country. This study was performed to compare the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Viola odoratata L. shoot and root extracts in nine habitats of Mazandaran province in March 2020. To investigate the analysis, leaf, flower and root organs of the plant in the flowering stage were collected from nine habitats of Mazandaran province along with soil samples of these areas in March 2018. After collecting the root and shoot samples at the florescence stage and preparing methanolic extract through ultrasonic method, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, the antioxidant activities were assayed by Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured by Wagner method. According to the findings, phenolic contents of the flowers and leaves decreased and increased, respectively with increasing height, and percentage antioxidant activities of the flowers increased while the amount of flavonoids was not affected by the habitat altitude. Analysis of soil properties revealed that the anthocyanin contents of flowers increased under the effect of deficient absorbable phosphorus in habitat 3 (Firoozjah Babol) and habitat 6 (Mohammadabad Behshahr). Also in the study of secondary metabolites, Sweet violets in habitat 7 had 67.95% and 86.18% antioxidant activities in flowers and roots, respectively; leaf and root phenol contents of 142.32 mg/g and 55.21 mg/g, respectively, and 6.52 μmol/g flower anthocyanin, so it can be selected as the superior region, and samples from this region can be used as gene banks in sexual and asexual reproduction. Manuscript profile
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        26 - The effect of salicylic acid on the yield of vegetative organs and active ingredients of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under drought stress
        Mehrdad Maleki Hamid Sobhanian Enayatollah Yazdanpanah Abbas Maleki
        10.30495/iper.2022.1952614.1773
        This study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete block More
        This study was performed to investigate the effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on quantitative and qualitative yield and biochemical and physiological properties of stevia. An experiment was carried out based on a split plot design and randomized complete blocks with 3 replications in a research farm in Sarableh, Ilam during 2020-2021. Drought stress in 3 levels (control or 100% of field capacity, 75% of field capacity, and 50% of field capacity) and salicylic acid treatment in 2 levels (non-consumption and foliar application with a concentration of 1 mM) were applied. Plant height, number of periphery shoots, dry weight of stems and leaves, total dry matter yield, extractable sugars, and protein, proline, total chlorophyll, stevioside, glycoside, rebaudioside, and phenolic compound contents were assayed in the study. Findings showed that the highest total dry matter yield were obtained in irrigation control and salicylic acid consumption (77.2 g per plant), showing 34% increase compared to the lowest total dry matter yield obtained under 50% of field capacity irrigation and no salicylic acid consumption 34%. Also, in all drought stress treatments, applying salicylic acid improved total dry matter yield. In the treatment with no drought stress, the lowest sugar contents per plant were observed and in the treatment with salicylic acid the glucoside contents were more than the control. In general, drought stress reduced the amount of sugar and other growth traits of stevia plants. Applying salicylic acid in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of the stevia, improved the plant’s yield under various levels of drought stress, which is very important     Manuscript profile
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        27 - Effect of nanoselenium and sodium selenate on some of physiological and biochemical parameters of Vasha (Dorema ammoniacum L.)
        Elham Abedi Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Laleh Mosharraf Sara Saadatmand Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
        10.30495/iper.2022.1955136.1783
        Selenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanosel More
        Selenium with antioxidant properties, has positive effects on growth and development of biological activities of many plants but its excessive levels in soil causes physiological problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of selenium (bulk) and nanoselenium on some of physiological and biochemical of Vasha, in a completely randomized experiment. Selenium in form of sodium selenate was applied in nutrient solution at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg L–1) and nanoselenium at concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg L–1). The results showed that application of both bulk and nano-Se treatments significantly increased plant growth parameters (i.e. length of roots and shoot, the root and shoot fresh and dry weights), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigment, total flavonoids, total phenol, anthocyanin and carbohydrate content by 2.5 mg L–1 and 10 mg L– 1 of selenium and nanoselenium respectively. Moreover, the abovementioned concentrations were associated with a significant increase in plant antioxidant activity. All treatments reduced malondialdehyde. The most increase in chlorophyll a was observed at a concentration of 10 mg L-1 nano-Se, which decreased with increasing selenium concentration compared to the control treatment. The results showed that the positive effect of selenium on the growth and increase of phenolic compounds depends on the type and concentration of selenium application. Manuscript profile
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        28 - تجزیه ترکیبات آلی میوه دو گونه بلوط (C.A.Mey.Quercus castaneifolia و Quercus persica Jaub & Spach.) در شمال و غرب کشور و اثر روش‌های آغشتگی با محلول قلیایی و آب بر کاهش میزان ترکیبات فنلی
        ابراهیم غلامعلی پور علمداری مرضیه کرامت لو جواد بیات کوهسار
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        29 - Effect of aqueous extract of canola (Brassica napus L. cv RGS) on germination, growth and antioxidant enzymes activity in weed of Phallaris minor seedling
        حسین LariYazdi مه لقا Ghorbanli میترا Roshani
        Allelopathy is phenomenone that some of the plant species relase special chemical compounds and by this way inhibit germination and growth in other plants.Today using of allelopathic potential in plant is considering  in order to control of weeds growth. It is said More
        Allelopathy is phenomenone that some of the plant species relase special chemical compounds and by this way inhibit germination and growth in other plants.Today using of allelopathic potential in plant is considering  in order to control of weeds growth. It is said that allelochemical compounds may in lower concentrations cause stimulate of growth and in higher concentrations inhibit it.In this research effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of canola (0,10,20,40,60,80%) on germination percentage, growth parameters and peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in Phallaris minor seedling was evaluated. Results this research showed that canola extract in higher concentrations decreased germination percentage, length, fresh and dry weight in radicle and hypocotyl of Phallaris.Also activity of antioxidant enzymes as peroxidase and catalase in higher concentrations of extract decreased.Only in 20% concentration of canola extract germination ,fresh weight of radicle, hypocotyl length and dry weight hypocotyl in Phallaris increased. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Effect of drought stress and ascorbic acid on some of antioxidant enzymes in antioxidative defense in Pimpinella anisum L.
        zh Asadi kavan مه لقا Ghorbanli, آرین Sateei
        Drought stress is one of the abiotic stresses that induces reactive oxygen species(ROS) formation in plant tissues. ROS signaling promotes complex networks of antioxidant enzymes. Ascorbic acid is an important buffer protects cellular structures against oxidative attack More
        Drought stress is one of the abiotic stresses that induces reactive oxygen species(ROS) formation in plant tissues. ROS signaling promotes complex networks of antioxidant enzymes. Ascorbic acid is an important buffer protects cellular structures against oxidative attack in plants. Effect of drought stress on catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities was evaluated in the presence and absence of ascorbate in herbal aromatic plant Pimpinella anisum L. with great value of export that exposed to controlled water deficit. This study was done in flower pot condition. Biochemical and physiological properties measured randomly in control groups and treatments (with drought 60% and 25% of field capacity and ascorbate with concentration of 1.4 mM). Results showed that with increasing stress levels in leaves CAT, APX and PPO enzyme activities increased significantly in the presence and absence of ascorbate. Activity of root CAT and APX with and without ascorbate at the level of drought 60% increased significantly and at the level 25% of field capacity decreased to the level of control. However ascorbate treatment increased significantly the root enzymatic activities in whole stress levels. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Evaluation of some primary and secondary metabolites of medicinal plant Proveskia abrotanoides Karel. in different phenological stages
        Somaye Sabbagh Maryam Niakan Ibrahim Gholamali pour Alamdari
        To evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts fro More
        To evaluate the quality and quantity of primary and secondary metabolites at different phenological stages of Brazmbl medicinal plants, plant organs at both vegetative and flowering stages of Vamanan region in Āzādshahr were collected and dried. Whole plant extracts from Proveskia abrotanoides were used in this study at both vegetative and flowering stages to identify and evaluate the quality of tannins, saponins, anthocyanins and terpenoids compounds, flavones, and flavonoids. Also some primary metabolites such as soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, proline and total phenol in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of plant were evaluated quantitatively. Qualitative analysis showed that saponins, anthocyanin, and tannin compounds were present at both vegetative and flowering stages of Proveskia abrotanoides. Also, quantitative analysis showed the maximum amount of starch in the root and the highest concentration of soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds in the leaves at vegetative stage. Overall, the results showed that at the vegetative stage regardless of starch, leaves had the highest soluble carbohydrates, proline, and phenolic compounds while at the reproductive stage root contained the highest level of these compounds. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Effect of salt, gibberellin and ascorbate on germination growth and anti oxidant system in Barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedling
        مریم Niakan وحیده Rashidzadeh عباسعلی Norinia, A
        In different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibbe More
        In different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibberellin, density and plant space. In this research Hordeum (4222) treated to ascorbate (1mm), gibberellin (200 and 400ppm) and NaCl (150, 350mm) and the effect of them on germination percentage, radicle lenght and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase,poly phenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenolic compounds was evaluated. The result of this research showed that in present of NaCl germination decreased but in NaCl and Ascorbate and Gibberellin germination and radicle length increased significanty. Also in absence of ascorbate and gibberellin and present of NaCl activity of catalase, peroxidase decreased but activity of poly phenoloxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Also NaCl cause decreased phenolic compounds in barley seedling but by increasing ascorbate and gibberellin the content of them increased. Manuscript profile
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        33 - مطالعه محتوی ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت ضداکسایشی برگ درخت کلخونگ (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks.) در رویشگاه‌های طبیعی استان ایلام
        علی اصغر حاتم نیا پرویز ملک زاده خشنود نورالهی طاهره ولد بیگی
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        34 - Seasonal changes of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Chelidonium majus L. in two habitats
        مه لقا Ghorbanli پروانه Fani آرین Sateei
        Chelidonium majus L., a wide spread medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family, has multiple applications in folk medicine because of its antitumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Since the most of this plant medicine benefits treat the alka More
        Chelidonium majus L., a wide spread medicinal plant of the Papaveraceae family, has multiple applications in folk medicine because of its antitumoral, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.Since the most of this plant medicine benefits treat the alkaloids and phenolic compounds, in this research, the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds in Chelidonium majus L., in two regions of "Gorgan" & "Ziarat" and in three seasons (autumn, winter and spring) were studied. The plants were collected from 2 regions of ‘‘Ziarat’’ and ‘‘Gorgan’’, and the amount of alkaloids and phenolic compounds were determined by spectrophotometrical methods. Comparison of Chelidonium plant in two regions showed significant differences for alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds in three seasons (P<0.05). This survey was that the most alkaloid in Chelidonium’s root is from Ziarat (in spring season), and the most phenolic compounds in Chelidonium’s root is from Gorgan (in winter season). Manuscript profile
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        35 - Ethno pharmacology and investigation secondary metabolites of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. in two natural regions, North of Iran
        معصومه Mazandarani مایا بیک BeykMohammadi هومان Bayat
        Perovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in More
        Perovskia abrotanoides karel. belongs to Lamiaceae family,is one of the most important medicinal herbs in North and North east of Iran, with wild grown in mountainous road of Golestan and North Khorasan provinces. Long times ago, it has been used by the rural people in traditional medicine of this regions for treatment of their current ailments.  In this research flowering aerial parts and of plant were collected in two natural habitats (1074m in Chamanbid region and 2300m in Shahkooh) respectively, from silty clay loam soils. Methanolic extracts were obtained for evaluated of quantities of flavonoids, phenolic and anthocyanin compounds and analysed by Pearson chisquare in p<0.05. Ethno pharmacological data were obtained from rural healers and Sheepers due to its important ecological effects it has been used by the rural healers as a tonic, anti septic, anti inflammation, rheumatic pain, expel worms and treat leishmaniosis especially with combination to another medicinal plants.  The quantities of flavonoide, total phenol and anthocyanin were increased in higher region (2300m), especialy to confirm rural believed about P. abrotanoides, which more effective in mountainous region to treat of their current ailments. Manuscript profile
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        36 - استخراج ترکیبات فنلی از برگ‌های درخت اکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) به کمک مایکروویو و پیش گویی روند استخراج با استفاده از شبکه‌های عصبی مصنوعی
        مهدی قره‌خانی امیر‌احمد دهقانی احمد قره‌خانی شاهرخ جبرائیلی محمد قربانی
        Manuscript profile
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        37 - تاثیر پوتریسین برون زا بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و نیترات ردوکتاز دانه رست گیاه بنگ دانه (Hyoscyomus niger)تحت تنش خشکی
        زهرا زمانی مریم نیاکان مه لقا قربانلی
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        38 - بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر میزان پرولین، قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه داروییL. Oenothera biennis
        مریم رجبی مه لقا قربانلی علی جعفری مفید آبادی
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        39 - Essential oil Screening and antioxidant activity of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. population in Ilam Province for Isolation of Promising Chemotypes
        maryam Mohamad-Zarin Abaadi Mehdi Saidi Yahia Mohamadi
        This work carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of essential oils in different populations of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. In west of Iran. So the aerial parts of eight wild populations of this plant were collec More
        This work carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of essential oils in different populations of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. In west of Iran. So the aerial parts of eight wild populations of this plant were collected from different regions of Ilam, Gilane-Gharb provinces and one sample was collected in greenhouse of Ilam University, during 2010 and 2011. The essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method, were analyzed by GC/MS and the antioxidant activity of them were measured by DPPH assay. The analysis were showed that the populations had significant differences regarding yield, phytochemical composition and their antioxidant activity. Maximum and minimum oil yield were recorded from Shalam and Greenhouse populations, respectively. The main components of plant oil were thymol (39.28-87.30%), p-cymene (0.15-30.63%), γ-terpinene (2.04-14.71%) and carvacrol (0-8.41%). The Shalam population had the highest phytochemical diversity and then the Shalam, Soregeh, KabirKooh and Ghalaarang populations were the most similar populations according to their phytochemical composition. Cluster analysis of populations, which using Ward Algorithm were divided them into three chemotypes. The highest and lowest total phenols contents were recorded in Ghalaarang (292.5±0.91 mg Pyrocatechol/ml) and Gerdakaan (194.04 ±1.08 mg Pyrocatechol/ml) population, respectively. The antioxidant activity of these populations varied from 59.1±0.9 to 73.8±0.45 %  in Green house and Badreh, respectively .The Shalam population had the highest (IC50=0.67 mg/ml) in comparison with synthetic antioxidant BHT (0.11 mg/ml). In cluster B including populations of Soregah, Ghalaarang, Shalam, KabirKooh, Renou, and Badreh were remarked for further domestication processes.   Manuscript profile
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        40 - The effects of NPK, chemical and manure fertilizers investigation on the phenolic yield and essential oil components in Thymus daenensis L.
        Safaei Leily Ebrahim Sharifi ashoorabadi Davood Afiuni
        In order to study the effect of chemical fertilizer, manure and their combination on phytochemistry of Thymus daenensis L., this research was coducted using a randomized complete block design with split plot in time layout including 12 treatments and 3 replications. Tre More
        In order to study the effect of chemical fertilizer, manure and their combination on phytochemistry of Thymus daenensis L., this research was coducted using a randomized complete block design with split plot in time layout including 12 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments were 3 rates of N. P. K chemical fertilizers, 4 rates of manure fertilizer, combination of chemical fertilizer and manure in four rates and control (no fertilizer application). The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation method by using a Clevenger-type apparatus and were analyzed by  GC and GC-MS. The total phenols were measurred by spectrophotometry. The results were showed that the highest phenolic content (57.17 kg/ha), essential oil yeild (3.88%) and thymol (86.68%) were obtained by application of 40 kg N, 32 kg P and 32 kg K combined with 25 ton/ha manure , but the highest carvacrol percentage (10.11%) obtained by application of 25 ton/ha manure. In all treatments the thymol, carvacrol and e-caryophyllene were the main essential oil components and different treatments had no effect on essential oil composition. There is a negative significant correlation was observed between thymol with carvacrol and e-caryophyllene. This  findings may provide a hopeful perspective to replacing chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers. In conclusion, the  quantitative and qualitative yield in combined applicaion of chemical and organic fertilizers may be superior than chemical or organic systems alone and it can be concluded that this combined system is adapted with sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile
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        41 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of essential oil in root of Achillea millefolium, Achillea biebersteinii in natural regions of Gilan province
        Farshid Rezaei Rashid Jamei
        In recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some  root essential oils of  Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activ More
        In recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some  root essential oils of  Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of root essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. These plants were collected in June 2016 from Dogaheh region of Rudbar (1700 m) in Gilan province. The essential oils were obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC/MS) .The phenolic contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),total phenols and flavonoids were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. The findings showed that the main compounds of the A. millefolium essential oil include :β-thujone (18.83%), δ-cadinene (16.87%) and boneol (14.51%), whereas the most abundant compounds in the A. biebersteiniioil were 1,8-cineol (28.82%), p-cimene (15.12%) and camphor (8.34%). According to results, although the total flavonoid content in Achilleamillefolium (54.75 mg/ml oil) was lower than  A.biebersteinii (72.33 mg/ml oil), it had the highest antioxidant activity (74%). Manuscript profile
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        42 - Study the effect of intercropping and chemical fertilizers on essential oil, phenolic and flavonoid contents and some biological properties of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.)
        Farhad Habibzadeh Behvar Asghari
        10.30495/ejmp.2018.694519
        In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment b More
        In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The experimental factors consisted of different planting patterns (factor A) on two levels including sole culture of hyssop and additive intercropping of 100% hyssop + 50% lentil and application of chemical fertilizers (factor B) on two levels including non-application and application of NPK. Essential oil (distillation with clevenger), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, extract of plant (maceration method), phenolic and flavonoid contents (colorimetric method), DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity of vegetative parts of the plant at the beginning of flowering stage were evaluated. The results exhibited that all the traits, except for extract content, were significantly affected by the treatments. Oil yield, phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were significantly stronger in intercropping + fertilizer application compared to the other treatments. In the other hand, intercropping enhanced the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, essential oil and extract yield of hyssop. Secondary metabolites, such as phenolic, flavonoid, and essential oil, are the defense system of plant, which were increased by competition between hyssop and lentil (as a stressor). Antioxidant properties also increased due to the increase in phenolic and flavonoids content. Manuscript profile
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        43 - Study and comparison of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the native populations of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Iran
        ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry javad hadian mitra aelaei
        Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried More
        Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 2 cm diameter roots of licorice populations in 15 provinces and 30 regions of Iran in 2017 in October and were transferred to the laboratories of the Department of Horticulture of Zanjan University. Total phenol (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method), anthocyanin (pH difference method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were studied. The results of analysis of variance of data showed that among 30 populations, for all traits, there was a significant difference in the level of one percent. Total phenol traits ranging from 456.05 to 826 mg gallic acid per 100 g, total flavonoid between 1909.25 to 292.62 mg of quercetin per 100 g, anthocyanin levels ranging from 6.89 to 26.24 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside in Liter, the antioxidant activity varied between 62.07% and 87.14%. There was a significant and positive correlation between phenol total phenotype and antioxidant activity at 1% level, but there was no significant correlation with total flavonoid, anthocyanin and height. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 30 G. glabra were divided into two main groups. The evaluation of populations in terms of phytochemical traits showed a high variation that N, KA, BA, T, E, Y, M, MR, and SB populations Manuscript profile
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        44 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and phenolic content Survey of leaves and flowers hydroalcoholic extracts of the Conocarpus erectus and biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using this extracts
        FATEMEH gORJIAN roya mirza jani maryam kolahi
        The identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles More
        The identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles for medicine. The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical compounds in the leaves and flowers of Conocarpus erectus L. and to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of these extracts. Conocarpus erectus L leaves and flowers were extracted utilizing the Soxhlet and Maceration extraction methods. Phytochemical compounds present in plant extracts were analyzed by the use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The amount of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in leaf and flower extracts were determined, and the gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using these extracts. Additionally the diameter of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of the leaves and flowers were measured. 19 chemical compounds were identified that were mainly in methanolic extracts of leaves prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Steroids were detected in both extracts The amount of phenolic compounds was high. In this study, the extract of flower obtained by Soxhlet method had the highest phenolic compounds. Of the plant extracts evaluated, the extracts obtained by the Soxhlet method had the lowest IC50 and thus the highest antioxidant capacity. Extracts were also utilized in the preparation of nanoparticles of gold and silver. Manuscript profile
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        45 - Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Milkweed (Calotropis Procera)
        somayeh Gholamshahi ali salehi sardoei
        Plants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quali More
        Plants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quality and quantity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant milkweed plants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has been done. After preparing the methanolic extract, the phenol concentration was measured by spectrophotometry and finally, the antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using radical 2 and 2-diphenyl-1-picaril hydrazil (DPPH) method. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and the means by Duncan's test at P> 0/05 were compared. The results obtained showed that the phenolic The results showed that, the phenolic and antioxidant compounds in leaf were more than other organs and so higher the Bam region than Jiroft region. The results were the same applies to fruit. But the flowers and sap (latex) more phenolic compounds found in Jiroft native milkweed. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaf sap compared with 2/5 times. Latex (sap) Milkweed in Bam and Jiroft region Compared with organs (leaves, flowers, fruits) had the lowest total phenolic compounds. The results of this study medicinal plant milkweed and antioxidant phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants and can be used in pharmaceutical and food industry. Manuscript profile
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        46 - Effects of different levels of humic acid and planting density on antioxidant activity and biochemical properties of Trigonella foenum- graecum L.
        Mohammed Hossein Aminifard homeyra. ghaderi
        Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical More
        Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum- graecum L.) is one of the significant medicinal plants and application of organic materials is very important for achieving maximum yields of that. In this study, the effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on biochemical characteristics of fenugreek were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of three levels of humic acid (0.5 and 10 kg ha-1) and two plant density (25 and 50 plants/m2). This experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in research farm of University of Birjand, Iran, during growing season 2016.The leaves` antioxidant compounds (antioxidant activity, total phenol and anthocyanin) were recorded at flowering stage. The results were showed that humic acid had significant effect on most biochemical characteristics(antioxidant activity, flavonoid content, total phenol and carbohydrate). The highest of antioxidant activity (64. 67%) and carbohydrate (6.73 mg/g) were observed in 10 kg/ha humicacid, while the lowest antioxidant activity (50.03%) and carbohydrate (3.45 mg/g) were recorded in control. Also, the humic acid uses significantly increased photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, a, b and carotenoids). The highest and the lowest total chlorophyll content were observed (4.51 mg /g) in 10 kg/ha humic acid andcontrol (3.18 mg/g), respectively. Based on the results, the highest flavonoid content (6.43 mg/g) was obtained in the plant density of 25 plants /m2, whereas the lowest flavonoid content (5.46 mg /g) was in planting density of 50 plants /m 2. There were significant differences in the total phenolic and flavonoid content due to interaction plant density and humic acid treatments, in which the highest amount of total phenolic content (42.07 mg/g) was observed in 10 kg/ha humic acid with the plant density of 25 plants /m2.and the lowest content was recorded (41.86 mg /g) in the control with density of 25 plants /m 2. According to the results, using 10 kg ha-1 of humic acid and planting density of 25 plants/ m2 had a significant role in increasing biochemical characteristics of fenugreek. Manuscript profile
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        47 - Effects of different drying methods on drying time and some phytochemical traits of Solidago virgaurea L.
        Sepideh Parsafar ghasem eghlima Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili Samad Nejad Ebrahimi Javad Hadian
        10.30495/ejmp.2022.1937674.1647
        To investigate the effect of different drying methods on the Solidago virgaurea L., an experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was conducted in 2018 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Te More
        To investigate the effect of different drying methods on the Solidago virgaurea L., an experiment based on a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications was conducted in 2018 in the Ecophysiology Laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran. In this study, aerial parts of S. virgaurea L. was harvested from Sangdeh natural habitat located in Mazandan province at full flowering stage. The drying methods were shade and sun-drying (natural drying), oven-drying (40 and 50 °C), and microwave-drying (550 and 1000 watt). In all methods, drying of the plant materials was continued until the moisture content reached 10% (based on plant fresh weight). Methanolic extract was obtained from the dried samples and some secondary metabolites including content of total phenol, total flavonoid and leiocarposide were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride method, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The minimum (7 minutes) and maximum (60 hours) drying times were related to 1000 watt microwave drying and shade drying methods, respectively. The highest content of total phenol (30 mg Gallic acid /g DW) in shading drying treatment and the highest content of total flavonoids (7.95 mg Rutin/g DW) and leiocarposide (3.07 mg/g DW) was observed in the oven at 40 °C. In addition, active metabolites content decreased with increasing microwave power and oven temperature. In general, the correct choice of drying method depends on several factors, and among them, the type of active ingredient, optimal energy consumption and cost savings should also be considered. Manuscript profile
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        48 - Investiganting the effect of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on physiological and phytochemical variations of Rosa damascena. Mill. esential oil
        Zahra Allahverdi Mehrab Yadegari Mohammad Moghaddam
        10.30495/ejmp.2023.702419
        Rosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiologic More
        Rosa damascena Mill. belongs to Rosaceae family and is considered as one of the most important medicinal and industrial plant. In the present study, the effects of foliar application of methyl jasmonate and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated on physiological and phytochemical traits of Rosa damascena Mill. in two separate experiments based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Farsan during two growing seasons (2019 and 2020). Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) was performed three times with 4-day intervals before the flowering stage. Essential oil extraction was done by steam distillation (a clevenger apparatus), phytochemical evaluation was performed using spectrophotometric method, and antioxidant performance was evaluated through DPPH test. Results showed that foliar application of elicitors increased dry weight of leaves and photosynthetic pigments. The phenolic compounds of leaves and petals of R. damascena Mill. also increased in response to applied elicitors and the highest increment was observed in plants treated with 1 mM methyl jasmonate and 100 mg L-1 titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Also the results showed the positive effect of applied treatments on increasing macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves of damask rose. Methyl jasmonate (0.5-1 mM) increased the essential oil content of the treated plants by 34.32%. According to the obtained results, methyl jasmonate applied at concentration of 1 mM is suggested to improve the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of the R. damascena plants. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Investigation of the effect of habitats height on phytochemical and morphological characteristics of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight. & Arn. - A case study of the habitats of Khuzestan province
        Kourosh Zandifar Ali Mehrafarin Hassanali Naghdi Badi Majid Ghorbani Nohooji
        10.30495/ejmp.2022.1910878.1601
        Ziziphus nummularia is a thorny shrub belonging to the Rhamnaceae family which has a variety of phytochemical compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of phytochemical and morphological evaluation of Z. nummularia populations in different heights of habitats in More
        Ziziphus nummularia is a thorny shrub belonging to the Rhamnaceae family which has a variety of phytochemical compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of phytochemical and morphological evaluation of Z. nummularia populations in different heights of habitats in Khuzestan province.The leaves and fruits of Z. nummularia were collected from different heights of natural habitats of Khuzestan province, including altitude groups of 0-200, 200-400, 400-800 and 800-1000 meters above sea level in summer and autumn. The morphological characteristics were measured using accurate measuring tools and also phytochemical characteristics were measured using a Spectrophotometer.The results showed that different morphological and phytochemical traits including leaf length, thorn length, ripe fruit weight, ripe fruit diameter, number of thorns, and also content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were significantly different in various habitats of Khuzestan province. Based on the cluster analysis of morphological traits, the trees in habitats with a height of 200-400 m were different from other groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that leaf length and width, saponin and phenol content of leaf and fruit, and leaf tannin content were identified as the most important traits with the highest correlation factor for population identification. Altitude above sea level is an important factor that had a significant impact on various morphological and phytochemical traits of Z. nummularia, including the quality and quantity of leaves and fruits. Manuscript profile
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        50 - بررسی میزان فنل، فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی صمغ گیاه Pistacia atlantica از منطقه سراوان (استان سیستان و بلوچستان)
        زهرا صادقی جعفر ولی زاده امید عزیزیان شرمه
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        51 - بررسی ترکیبات فنلی و عملکرد آنتیاکسیدانی عصارههای آبی و متانولی برگ سه گونه از جنس Pistacia در منطقه سروستان شیراز
        علی خدیو سروستانی محمود دژم
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        52 - بررسی اثر تنشهای خشکی و شوری بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی گیاه دارویی Thymus vulgaris L.
        افسانه صیادی جعفر احمدی بهور اصغری سید محسن حسینی
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        53 - Optimization of Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase Production Using Native Bacillus spp. Isolated from Fully Fermented Tea
        Moahmmad  Faezi Ghasemi
        10.30495/bioem.2022.694098
        Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family of Thecae. One of the major steps in black tea manufacturing is the fermentation process, which bacteria may incorporate. This study aimed at using the one-factor-at-a-ti More
        Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree in the flowering plant family of Thecae. One of the major steps in black tea manufacturing is the fermentation process, which bacteria may incorporate. This study aimed at using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and Taguchi methods to optimize the production of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) by Bacillus spp. isolated from fully fermented tea. The results showed that sucrose and glucose exhibited the greatest effects on the production of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase by the strains Bacillus sp. (TB3) and B. licheniformis (TB14), respectively. In addition, the results indicated that the best nitrogen sources for the production of PPO by Bacillus sp. (TB3) and POD by B. licheniformis (TB14) were sodium nitrate and ammonium carbonate, respectively. Based on the obtained results, the medium components for the production of PPO by Bacillus sp. (TB3) at a pH of 7 were as follows: 0.5% sucrose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.8% of yeast extract, 0.2% of hydrolyzed casein, 0.02% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.005% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.1% sodium nitrate. Moreover, the optimal culture medium for the production of POD by B. licheniformis (TB14) at a pH of 7 was as follows: 0.3% of glucose, 1.0% of peptone, 0.8% of yeast extract, 0.2% of hydrolyzed casein, 0.02% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.005% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. Increased production of PPO and POD enzymes were obtained about 8 and 6 fold more than the basal culture media, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        54 - بررسی میزان آهن، ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره کنگر(Cirsium Congestum)
        فاطمه علوی خوشحال اکرم شریفی
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        55 - تاثیر نفوذ اسمزی ترکیبات موثره پسماند انگور بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی ژل آلوئه ورا
        الهام آذرپژوه پروین شرایعی نصرت عظیمی فرزاد غیبی
        10.30495/jfst.2020.665341
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        56 - بررسی خصوصیات ضداکسایشی و ضدمیکروبی عصارة آبی پوست انار در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و غذایی
        پروین شرایعی الهام آذرپژوه
        10.30495/jfst.2019.545904
        Manuscript profile
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        57 - Addition of Aqueous Extract of Pomegranate Peel as an Antioxidant in Sunflower Oil Using Microemulsion System
        Sedigheh Amiri Elahe Parishani Mohsen Radi
        10.30495/jfst.2021.685709
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        58 - The Effect of Free and Microencapsulated Extract of Nepeta Binaludensis on Sensory and Microbial Properties of Doogh
        Afsaneh Azimi Mahalleh Parvin Sharayeei Elham Azarpazhooh Azam Azimi Mahalleh
        10.30495/jfst.2021.1935781.1737
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        59 - تعیین میزان و مقایسه ترکیبات فنلی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌های آبی، متانولی، اتانولی و هگزانی حاصل از اندام‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی برازمبل (Perovskia abrotanoides Karel.)
        حسن بیات مرتضی علیرضایی نقندر محمد حسین امینی فرد
        10.30495/jfst.2021.680659
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        60 - Optimization of Bioactive Components Extraction from Onion by-products by Microwave-Assisted Using Response Surface Method (RSM)
        Mehranoosh Gharibi Tehrani Amir hosein Elhamirad Elham Azarpazhooh Ahmad Pedramnia Parvin Sharayei
        10.30495/jfst.2021.685705
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        61 - Optimization of Pectinase Enzyme Immobilization on Silica Aerogel and Its Application in the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds of Grape Pomace
        Ismaeil Faramarzi Agh Gonbad Leila Amirkhani Seyyed Mahdi Hedayat Zadeh Fahimeh Derakhshan Fard
        10.30495/jfst.2022.1939051.1771
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        62 - بررسی خصوصیات ضداکسایشی و ضدمیکروبی عصارةآزاد و ریزپوشانی شدة گیاه پونه‌سای بینالودی (Nepeta Binaludensis)
        افسانه عظیمی محله سید علی مرتضوی پروین شرایعی الهام آذرپژوه راضیه نیازمند
        10.30495/jfst.2020.673800
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        63 - بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج ترکیبات فنلی فلفل قرمز با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ
        راحله دهقان تنها الهام مهدیان محمدحسین امینی فرد حسن بیات رضا گاراژیان
        10.30495/jfst.2019.541229
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        64 - بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره سنجد (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) بر ماندگاری آب پرتقال
        مریم سروریان افشین جعفرپور
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        65 - مقایسه ترکیبات پلی فنلی، خاصیت مهارکنندگی رادیکالهای آزاد و تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز در Chorisia Chodatii و Chorisia Speciosa
        جون رفعت ثمر یهیا دسوکی محمد احمد رامادان محمد صالح کامل جونکیو هان هیرکو ایسودا
        مقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اسا More
        مقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اساس، در مطالعه حاضر، به مقایسه پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی و اثرات آن بر آدیپوژنز در دو گونهChorisia chodatii و Chorisia speciosa بر اساس مقدار ترکیبات فنولی موجود در آنها پرداخته شده است. روش تحقیق: کل ترکیبات فنلی و پتانسیل مهار رادیکالهای آزاد در عصاره الکلی برگ، گل، میوه و دانه در دو گونه ذکر شده، و فراکشنهای اصلی در عصاره برگ و گل، به ترتیب با استفاده از روش فولین سیوکالتیو و DPPH مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. به علاوه تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز در مدل سیستمهای آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و بررسی ترکیبات مختلف فیتوشیمیایی آن نیز در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج و بحث: کل عصاره اتانولی همراه با فراکشن های به دست آمده از قسمتهای مختلف در هر دو گونه، باعث القای تمایز وابسته به غلظت در آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 شد ولی در کمترین غلظت (µg/ml 10-5) باعث کاهش قابل توجه در اندازه ذرات چربی شد. به علاوه این عصاره ها تاثیرات قوی بر مهار رادیکالهای آزاد از خود نشان دادند. فراکشن های به دست آمده از بخشهای مختلف گیاه با استفاده از اتیل استات، آب و کلروفرم به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز، مهار رادیکالهای آزاد و بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی را نشان دادند. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج به دست آمده در مجموع نشان داد که تاثیر هر دو گونه Chorisia بر آدیپوژنز و رادیکالهای آزاد ناشی از میزان قابل توجه فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات فنلی در آنها است. به علاوه نتایج حاکی از ارزش بالقوه این دو گونه در پیشگیری از اختلالات مرتبط با چاقی و بیماریهای مرتبط با رادیکال های آزاد است. مطالعات بیشتر برای بررسی اساس مولکولی تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز همراه با آنالیزهای فیتوشیمیایی دقیق به خصوص در عصاره های غنی از فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات قطبی پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile
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        66 - اثر مکمل‌سازی با نسبت مختلف از مخلوط کنسانتره و برگ اقاقیا تیمار نشده یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه‌ای بز Bale-Arsi تغذیه شده با جیره پایه علوفه گراس
        م. بایسا ت. نگس آ. تولرا
        آزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیره­های پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژا More
        آزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیره­های پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژاد Arsi-Bale (وزن بدن 9/1±78/13 کیلوگرم و سن 12 ماه) انجام شد. آزمایش به مدت 84 روز در قالب طرح فاکتوریل 2 × 5 (فاکتور 1 تیمار قلیایی برگ­ها (تیمار یا تیمار نشده) و فاکتور 2 پنج سطح برگ در مخلوط کنسانتره) انجام شد. تیمارهای جیره­ای شامل: 0UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم مخلوط کنسانتره؛ 25UL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده، 50UL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 75UL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 100UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار نشده؛ 0TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم کنسانتره؛ 25TL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار شده؛ 50TL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار شده؛ 75TL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ های خشک تیمار شده و 100TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار شده بودند. هر دو تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم و جایگزینی بخشی از مخلوط کنسانتره با پودر برگ اقاقیا (ALM) به طور معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) مقدار عصاره اتری (EE)، فنل کل (TP)، تانن کل (TT) و محتویات CT جیره­های غذایی را کاهش داد. در حالی که، غلظت جیره­ای خاکستر، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF)، لیگنین نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADL) و کلسیم (Ca)؛ مصرف ماده خشک (DM)، پروتئین خام (CP)، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، نیتروژن، کلسیم و فسفر؛ قابلیت هضم DM، ماده آلی (OM)، CP و NDF؛ غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه و pH مایع شکمبه به طور معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) توسط تیمار قلیایی و جایگزینی نسبی افزایش یافت. به طور کلی نتایج قابل مقایسه مصرف خوراک، هضم و توازن مواد مغذی زمانی مشاهده شدند که کنسانتره در جیره­ها با ALM تیمار شده به مقدار 75 درصد جایگزین شد و تیمار نشده 50 درصد به ترتیب اهمیت در برابر پودر برگ ​​تیمار نشده مشاهده شد. می­توان نتیجه­گیری نمود که که جایگزینی بخشی از پودر برگ اقاقیا در مخلوط کنسانتره همراه با تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم در سطح 75 درصد حداکثر منافع را برای بزها نسبت به سطوح دیگر از برگ­های تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده دارد. Manuscript profile
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        67 - .
        Behnaz SHakouri Ahmad Ranjbar
        .
        . Manuscript profile
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        68 - اثر پوشش خاک بر عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت محلول پاشی برگی متانول
        لامیا وجودی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم رعنا ولی زاده کامران اصغر ابراهیم زاده
        به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی  به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معن More
        به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول­پاشی با متانول (0، 10، 20 و30 درصد) و خاکپوش (شاهد، خاکپوش سفید و سیاه) بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گل همیشه بهار آزمایشی  به صورت طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان دهنده وجود اثر متقابل معنی­دار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی بر محتوای کلروفیل a و ارتفاع گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین ارتفاع گیاه از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه × متانول (به غیر از سطح محلول پاشی 30 %) به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a (3/2 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) در ترکیب تیماری خاکپوش سیاه × 30 % متانول حاصل شد. محتوای کلروفیل b  تحت تاثیر خاکپوش قرار گرفت و بالاترین مقدار کلروفیلb  در تیمار خاکپوش سیاه (1/1 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر) مشاهده شد. وزن خشک گل، برگ، محتوای مواد جامد محلول و آب نسبی برگ تحت تاثیر جداگانه تیمار خاکپوش و محلول پاشی قرار گرفت. بالاترین میزان وزن خشک گل (116 گرم) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30 % و خاکپوش سیاه (103 گرم) ثبت شد. بیشترین میزان آب نسبی برگ  (7/49 %)، مواد جامد محلول (120 درجه بریکس) در تیمار محلول پاشی 30%  متانول و خاکپوش سیاه مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (23/15 گرم) و محتوای فنل کل (05/95 میلی گرم گالیک اسید بر گرم وزن خشک) از تیمار خاکپوش سیاه به دست آمد. Manuscript profile
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        69 - تاثیر تابش نور آبی و غلظت های مختلف نانوسیلور بر عمر گلجایی و صفات دخیل بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گل‌های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘
        مهرآسا انوری داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی لیلا اسدپور
        کاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از این­رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمان­های مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر)  بر عمر گ More
        کاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از این­رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمان­های مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر)  بر عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ اجرا شد. از  ساکارز 3 درصد به­عنوان تیمار شاهد استفاده شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجایی متعلق به تیمارهای 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/22 روز) است که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 12 ساعت نور آبی (00/22 روز) و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/21 روز) تفاوت معناداری نداشت. کمترین کاهش وزن تر به­ترتیب با کاربرد 18 و 12ساعت نور آبی و 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد ماده خشک (34/57 درصد) با کاربرد 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. گل­هایی که به مدت 12 ساعت با نور آبی تیمار شدند دارای بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a و b (به­ترتیب با 52/2 و 27/1 میلی­گرم در هر گرم وزن تر)، بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (26/5 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی­فنل اکسیداز (007/0 میکرومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) بودند. کمترین باکتری محلول گلجایی با کاربرد 15 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور و بیشترین پروتئین گلبرگ با کاربرد 24 ساعت نور آبی حاصل شد. نانوسیلور در کنترل و مهار باکتری­های گرم منفی و نور آبی در کنترل و مهار باکتری­های گرم مثبت در محلول گلجایی موثر بودند. با توجه به نتایج می­توان نور آبی را به­عنوان یک عامل فیزیکی موثر در حفظ عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ معرفی کرد. Manuscript profile
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        70 - تاثیر اسید آمینه‌های آرژنین، پرولین و گلوتامین برخصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی دو رقم گل جعفری (.Tagetes erecta L)
        فاطمه رئوف حق پرور داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی
        گل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا به‌عنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور تولید گل‌های جعفری با روش‌های سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل د More
        گل جعفری علاوه بر مصارف زینتی و دارویی اخیرا به‌عنوان گل خوراکی نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور تولید گل‌های جعفری با روش‌های سالم و غیر شیمیایی آزمایشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو رقم گل جعفری (زرد و نارنجی)، 3 نوع اسید آمینه آرژنین، گلوتامین و پرولین در 3 سطح (100، 500 و 1000 میکرومولار) و تیمار شاهد (آب مقطر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسیدهای آمینه روی صفات ارزیابی شده اثر مثبت دارند و تیمار 100 میکرومولار آرژنین در صفات تعداد برگ، قطر گل، وزن تر و ماده خشک شاخساره، کاهش نشت یونی و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در رقم نارنجی موفق‌ترین تیمار است. در رقم زرد، بیشترین تعداد برگ، وزن تر شاخساره، ماده خشک ریشه، کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی فنل اکسیداز، کمترین نشت یونی و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز برای تیمار 1000 میکرومولار پرولین ثبت شد. بیشترین فنل کل در هر دو رقم برای 100 میکرومولار آرژنین ثبت شد. با کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه مقدار فلاونوئیدها در هر دو رقم گل جعفری نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بنابراین کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه بخصوص آرژنین (100 میکرومولار) و پرولین (1000 میکرومولار) به‌ترتیب برای تولید جعفری ’نارنجی‘ و ’زرد‘ به روش آلی و ارگانیک مناسب بوده و توصیه می‌شوند. Manuscript profile
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        71 - ارزش غذایی برخی از گل های موجود در فضای سبز به عنوان منابع غذایی جدید
        سمیرا نیک نژاد داود هاشم آبادی محمد صادق اللهیاری
        تامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روز‌افزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، More
        تامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روز‌افزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، داودی و ختمی درختی (Hibiscus syriacus) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که گل جعفری از بیشترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (16.13 میلی‌گرم کاتچین در گرم وزن‌تر)، فنل کل (14.48 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزن‌تر)، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی ( 87.89 درصد بازدارندگیDPPH)، ویتامین ث (30.60 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) و پروتئین (56/1 درصد) برخوردار است. بیشترین کاروتنوئید (482.57 میکروگرم در گرم وزن‌تر)، آهن (2.54 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) و روی (0.27 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) برای گل یوکا ثبت شد. گل داودی بیشترین کلسیم (47.25 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) و منیزیم (2.60 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) و گل ختمی بیشترین آنتوسیانین (30.86 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) را داشت. همچنین در بین پنج گل موردمطالعه، کم‌ترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (11.17 میلی‌گرم کاتچین در گرم وزن‌تر)، آنتوسیانین (2.14 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر)، پروتئین (0.52 درصد)، آهن (0.36 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر)، کلسیم (9.11 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) و روی (0.14 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر) متعلق به گلایل بود. گل داودی کم‌ترین مقدار فنل کل (0.54 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزن‌تر) و ویتامین ث (8.16 میلی‌گرم در 100گرم وزن‌تر)، گل یوکا کم‌ترین ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی ( 47.76درصد بازدارندگیDPPH) و گل ختمی کمترین مقدار کاروتنوئید (362.17 میکروگرم در گرم وزن‌تر) را بخود اختصاص دادند. بنابراین با توجه به وجود ترکیبات فنلی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی، عناصر معدنی و پروتئین در گل‌های مورد بررسی می‌توان جایگاهی را برای این منابع مغذی طبیعی در سبد غذایی خانواده‌ها در نظر گرفت. Manuscript profile
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        72 - پرولین و آرژنین با بهبود برخی از پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی، عمر پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’مارس‘ را افزایش می دهند
        دینا یعقوبی کیاسه داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی
        به­منظور بررسی اثر سیکلوهگزماید و اسیدهای آمینه آرژنین و پرولین بر ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. در این آزمایش از دو فاکتور شامل سیکلوهگزماید ( More
        به­منظور بررسی اثر سیکلوهگزماید و اسیدهای آمینه آرژنین و پرولین بر ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با 20 تیمار اجرا شد. در این آزمایش از دو فاکتور شامل سیکلوهگزماید (CHI) (0، 50، 100 و 1000 میکرومولار) و اسید آمینه (AA) ]0، 5 و 10 میلی­مولار آرژنین (Arg) و 5 و 10 میلی­مولار پرولین (Pro)[ به­صورت تیمار پالس 24 ساعته استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که گل­های تیمار شده با "CHI50×Pro10" بیشترین عمر گلجایی (3/9 روز)، بیشترین جذب آب (771/1 میلی­لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، بیشترین ماده خشک (56/13 درصد)، کمترین تجمع مالون­دی آلدهید (32/1 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (68/5 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) را داشتند. تیمار "CHI0×Arg5" در حفظ جذب آب، وزن تر، ماده خشک، پروتئین کل، کاهش تجمع مالون­دی­آلدهید و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز از موفق­ترین تیمارها بود و رتبه دوم را در افزایش عمر گلجایی (08/9 روز) بخود اختصاص داد. بنابراین دو تیمار "CHI50×Pro10" و "CHI0×Arg5" به­عنوان موفق­­ترین تیمارها در بهبود صفات کمی و کیفی گل شاخه بریده آلسترومریا معرفی می­شوند. کمترین اثر مثبت در اکثر صفات ارزیابی شده متعلق به تیمار 1000 میکرومولار سیکلوهگزماید بود. بنابراین کاربرد سطوح بالای سیکلوهگزماید (1000 میکرومولار) در محلول گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’مارس‘ به دلیل اثر منفی و سمی بر شاخص­های پس از برداشت توصیه نمی­شود. Manuscript profile
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        73 - NanoTiO2, Quantum dot-Graphene Oxide, and CeO2 Foliar Prescription Meliorates Growth and Some Physiological Traits of Gazania (Gazania splendens L.) Under Salinity
        Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Asghar Ebrahimzadeh Mina Tontab Ghadimi Mohammad Bagher  Hassanpouraghdam Farzad Rasoli
        The production and maintenance of ornamental plants are closely related to the high consumption of fresh water. Today, due to the limited water resources, we have to water plants with salt water sources. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano TiO2, CeO2, More
        The production and maintenance of ornamental plants are closely related to the high consumption of fresh water. Today, due to the limited water resources, we have to water plants with salt water sources. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano TiO2, CeO2, and quantum dot-graphene oxide (zero and 1.5 mg/L) and NaCl salinity stress (0, 75, 150 mM) on Gazania splendens L.; a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design. The results revealed that plant dry weight, flower number, proline and flavonoids content, antioxidant enzymes activity, MDA, H2O2, Na, N, and P content were influenced by the interaction effects of experimental treatments. The highest leaf dry weight, flower number, and N content were recorded at no-salinity × quantum dot-graphene oxide. The highest data for Na content, ion leakage (56.6%), H2O2 (246 nmol/mg FW), malondialdehyde (37 nmol/mg FW), and proline (1.1nmol/mg FW) content were recorded at NaCl150 mM × no-foliar spray. 150 mM salinity stress × quantum dot-graphene oxide increased catalase activity (8.9 µmol/g FW) in the plant. Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity were influenced by NaCl150 mM × quantum dot-graphene oxide and TiO2 foliar spray. Chlorophyll index, total phenolics, and K/Na ratio were responded to the simple effects of salinity and foliar application. The top ratio of K/Na and chlorophyll index was recorded at quantum dot-graphene oxide foliar spray. 75 and 150 mM salinity improved phenolics content in plants. Foliar spray with all nanoparticles increased phenolics content. The overall results showed that salinity had adverse effects on the growth and physiological characteristics of Gazania splendens. Foliar treatments under 150 mM salinity stress; promisingly influenced the antioxidant enzymes activity and root dry weight of plants. All in all, Gazania splendens can tolerate up to 75 mM NaCl salinity stress without a remarkable decline in growth and physiological attributes. Manuscript profile
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        74 - تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی بر ویژگی‌های رشدی، محتوای فنل کل و اسانس شعمدانی عطری
        لامیا وجودی مهربانی محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم اصغر ابراهیم زاده رعنا ولی زاده کامران
        شعمدانی عطری از گیاهان دائمی و همیشه سبز است که به عنوان گیاهی معطر در فضای سبز استفاده می‌شود. برگ‌ها، شاخساره‌های سبز و گل‌های تازه گیاه حاوی اسانس است. اسانس این گیاه دارای اثرات ضد باکتری، ضد قارچ، حشره کشی و آنتی اکسیدانی است. به منظور مطالعه تاثیر محلول پاشی برگی More
        شعمدانی عطری از گیاهان دائمی و همیشه سبز است که به عنوان گیاهی معطر در فضای سبز استفاده می‌شود. برگ‌ها، شاخساره‌های سبز و گل‌های تازه گیاه حاوی اسانس است. اسانس این گیاه دارای اثرات ضد باکتری، ضد قارچ، حشره کشی و آنتی اکسیدانی است. به منظور مطالعه تاثیر محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی (0، 1000، 2000، 3000  و 4000 میلی گرم در لیتر) بر رشد رویشی و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک شعمدانی عطری آزمایش گلدانی طی سال 2015 در دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان طراحی شد. نتایج نشان داد که رشد رویشی شعمدانی (ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر و خشک) شدیدا تحت تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی قرار گرفت. محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی موجب افزایش ارتفاع گیاه (در غلظت 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر)، محتوای کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a ، b و کاروتنوئید شد. محتوای اسانس نمونه تحت تاثیر محلول پاشی سولفات روی قرار نگرفت. محلول پاشی برگی سولفات روی تاثیر معنی‌داری روی محتوای فنل کل، آنتوسیانین (در غلظت 1000 و 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) و فلاونوئید کل (در غلظت 2000 میلی گرم در لیتر) داشت. Manuscript profile
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        75 - A Study on the Inhibitory Effects of Silymarin on Amyloid Fibrillation of Hen Egg White Lysozyme
        Mohsen Mahdavimehr Ali Akbar Meratan
        An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, compounds frequently occurring in many herbs with antioxidant properties, prevent amyloid fibril formation. However, the mechanisms by which these natural molecules modulate the protein aggregation proc More
        An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that polyphenols, compounds frequently occurring in many herbs with antioxidant properties, prevent amyloid fibril formation. However, the mechanisms by which these natural molecules modulate the protein aggregation process are poorly understood. Silybum Marianum is one of the medicinal plants with a wide range of health benefits. Silymarin, extract of the seeds of Silybum Marianum, contains a mixture of flavonolignans and a flavonoid. In the present study, using a range of techniques including Thioflavin T and Nile red fluorescence assays, Congo red binding assay, Circular Dichroism spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy the efficacy of Silymarin on the inhibition of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) fibril formation was investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that Silymarin effectively inhibits fibrillogenesis of HEWL in a concentration-dependent manner. AFM images indicated typical fibrillation in the control solutions, while in samples incubated in the presence of Silymarin extensive inhibition of HEWL fibrillation and amorphous aggregates formation was observed. Based on obtained results, we suggest that preventing of hydrophobic interactions between HEWL amyloidogenic prefibrillar species is the mechanism by which Silymarin inhibits amyloid fibril formation by HEWL. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms involved. Manuscript profile
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        76 - Phytochemical Study, Phenolic Assay and Antioxidant Capacity of Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) Root Extract
        فرخنده چنبه کار بابک مختاری سعادت رستگارزاده maryam kolahi
        The Vetiver plant scientifically known as "Chrysopogon zizanoides", belongs to the Poaceae family and shows high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The plant was introduced as Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) by the World Bank and is being promoted worldw More
        The Vetiver plant scientifically known as "Chrysopogon zizanoides", belongs to the Poaceae family and shows high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The plant was introduced as Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) by the World Bank and is being promoted worldwide for the protection of the environment. The aim of this research was to identify the phytochemical constituents present in the root of Vetiver, measurement of secondary metabolites and investigation of the antioxidant properties of its ethanolic extract. In order to identify the chemical compounds present in the root, various phytochemical analyses and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were utilized. The quantity of secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol of the Vetiver root was determined by spectroscopy methods. The data shows that extracts of Vetiver root contains bioactive compounds belonging to various families such as tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. In the tests conducted it was shown that by increasing the density of Vetiver root extracts, the quantity of phenolics, flavonoid, flavonol and antioxidant capacity significantly increased. The high rate of production of phenylpropanoid compounds with high antioxidant capacity is very important in the adaptability of plants under unfavorable cultivation conditions. Based on these results, Vetiver may be used as a source of antioxidants in the isolation of active ingredients and drug manufacturing to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress. Based on these results, the Vetiver can be attention as a natural source of antioxidants in the isolation of active compounds and production drugs to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress. Manuscript profile
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        77 - Macroscopic and microscopic study of antifungal effects of alkaloids, phenol and essential oil of Fumaria vaillantii on Aspergillus flavus and A. niger
        Monir Mohseni Azra Ataei Azimi Babak Delnavaz Hashemloian Mozhgane Farzami sepehr
        10.30495/jdb.2021.686357
        Fumaria vaillantii belongs to the Fumariaceae family, is a plant rich in secondary compounds with medicinal effects. Alkaloids, phenols and essential oil were extracted to measure antifungal activity. Crude extract with ethanol was obtained from plant shoots. Crude extr More
        Fumaria vaillantii belongs to the Fumariaceae family, is a plant rich in secondary compounds with medicinal effects. Alkaloids, phenols and essential oil were extracted to measure antifungal activity. Crude extract with ethanol was obtained from plant shoots. Crude extract was used to separate the alkaloid and phenol fractions. Alkaloids were extracted in four fractions. The essential oil was extracted with a Clevenger apparatus. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were prepared from Pasture Institute in Iran. Aspergillus specimens (disc diameter 5 mm) were cultured in the potato dextrose agar media with different amounts of phenolic, alkaloid and essential oil extracts. Aspergillus hyphae were studied under control and after treatment with phenolic, alkaloid and essential oil extracts by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The anti- Aspergillus effects of the phenolic, alkaloid and essential oil extracts of F. vaillantii against A. flavus, and A. niger were severe. Two concentrations of all three extracts inhibited fungal growth. The results of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the F. vaillantii extracts affected on the fungus cell structure. They cause thinning and breaking of walls, plasmolysis and vesiculation of cells of some filaments, inhibiting the growth and induction of fungal death. Phenolic, alkaloid extracts and essential oils of F. vaillantii had similar antifungal activity on both species of Aspergillus. F. vaillantii, is a plant rich in phenolic compounds, alkaloids and essential oils with antifungal effects. Manuscript profile
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        78 - Synthesis of NiO nanoparticles doped with Cu (II) by a planetary ball mill and its characterization
        Elham Sajjadi masih darbandi
        10.30495/jacr.2023.1985094.2122
        In this research, first mesoporous nickel hydroxide nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method. Then the nickel hydroxide nanoparticles were converted into nickel oxide nanoparticles by maintaining the structure and morphology during heat treatment and then d More
        In this research, first mesoporous nickel hydroxide nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method. Then the nickel hydroxide nanoparticles were converted into nickel oxide nanoparticles by maintaining the structure and morphology during heat treatment and then doped with copper (П) by ball milling method. Since no toxic, expensive, and complex chemicals were used during the synthesis process, the results of this research can be considered scientifically and industrially in the production of other doped nanomaterials. Methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy–dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and surface area and porosity measurement by nitrogen absorption and desorption method (BET) were used to study the structure and chemical composition of the synthesized nanomaterials. XRD patterns showed FCC structure of the synthesized nanoparticles and the absence of impurity phase. Also, BET measurements showed the mesoporous nature of nanoparticles and good specific surface area and pore volume. The catalytic behavior of copper doped nickel oxide nanoparticles in the removal and sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol pollutant under visible light and ultrasound waves was studied. It was observed that the phenol substance soluble in water as a model pollutant was destroyed by about 86.5% under visible light and ultrasonic waves after adding copper doped nickel oxide catalyst. Manuscript profile
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        79 - Investigating the effect of the pesticide obtained from straw by the pyrolysis process on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pectobacterium carotovorum microorganisms and the Macrophomina phaseolina fungus
        Fatemeh Khojastehrad Mortaza Gholizadeh Reza Khakvar
        10.30495/jacr.2023.1972549.2065
        In this research, the possibility of producing pesticide from straw by using pyrolysis process at 500 °C was investigated. In the pyrolysis products, compounds such as phenol and carboxylic acid as well as highly polar fatty acids such as hexadecanoide and octadecan More
        In this research, the possibility of producing pesticide from straw by using pyrolysis process at 500 °C was investigated. In the pyrolysis products, compounds such as phenol and carboxylic acid as well as highly polar fatty acids such as hexadecanoide and octadecanoide were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The separation of these compounds during bio-oil production can provide a source of effective pesticide compounds. Therefore, the aqueous parts of the bio-oil of straw were separated. After optimizing the extraction of pesticide in water, its pesticidal properties was investigated on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pectobacterium carotovorum microorganisms, and the Macrophomina phaseolina by the direct agar disk method. On Pectobacterium carotoverum, larger halo radii were formed by the pesticide with 0.57 weight percentage, which indicates the greater inhibitory property of this weight percentage of the pesticide. By using a high-performance liquid chromatography device, it was determined that the aqueous parts contain many phenolic compounds. So, it can be concluded that the aqueous extract extracted from straw bio-oil can be a pesticide with the potential to replace artificial and synthetic pesticides. Manuscript profile
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        80 - Hormone disrupting effects of nonylphenol ethoxylates on 17 ß – estradiol levels and ovary in Zebra cichlid ( Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum )
        T. Maktabi M. Roostaie M. Mahdavi N. Nasiri H. Hosseinzadeh Sahhafi
        The present study investigatedsexually disrupting effects of a weak estrogen receptor agonist, nonylphenolethoxylale on 17 ß – estradiolproduction and ovary tissue in immatureZebra Cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). To determine the effects ofnonylphenol e More
        The present study investigatedsexually disrupting effects of a weak estrogen receptor agonist, nonylphenolethoxylale on 17 ß – estradiolproduction and ovary tissue in immatureZebra Cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum). To determine the effects ofnonylphenol ethoxylale ( NPEO ) on female sex hormone of  Zebra cichlid, the fish were divided in 3weight groups ( < 4 g , 4 – 5 g and > 5 g ) and exposed to threeconcentrations ( 10 – 50 – 100 µg / L ) of NPEO in glass aquariums during 60days. At an estimated NPEO concentration of 50 and 100 µg / L, 17 ß – estradiolproduction significantly was increased (P < 0.01). Specialchanges were showed in 50 µg / L. Estadiol levels were 0.13 –0.70 ng /ml. Thisevidence of steroid hormone (17 ß – estradiol) levels showed that nonylphenolethoxylate (>10 µg / L ) could exert estrogenic effects through geneexpression and producting enzymes involving vitellogenesis and lead toproduction of grown oocytes in 50 µg / L of nonylphenol ethoxylale. Manuscript profile
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        81 - Reading Finnish Architecture Through Tradition and Modernism
        Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Dogaheh
        10.30495/jsps.2023.1976141.1025
        The study of Finnish architecture from the early to contemporary period is the subject of this research, the importance of this issue is that how to create a link with the past architecture of Finland, which has an ancient history of traditional architecture, has always More
        The study of Finnish architecture from the early to contemporary period is the subject of this research, the importance of this issue is that how to create a link with the past architecture of Finland, which has an ancient history of traditional architecture, has always been considered as one of the challenges of its contemporary architecture. And the purpose of this research is to know how factors such as materials, local materials and cultural aspects influence the formation of the historical periods of this region. The main question of the research is, what was the role of these factors in the formation of these courses? Descriptive-analytical and historical-interpretive research methods have been used with targeted sampling of the works of prominent architects of each period and their analysis. The data was collected in the form of documents and libraries. The independent variable of the research is nature and local materials, cultural currents, traditions and nationalist movements, and the dependent variable is Finnish architecture. The statistical population and sampling method is quota. The results of the research show that the historical periods of Finnish architecture before independence were influenced by Swedish and Russian architecture and neoclassicism, neogothic, eclectic, national and art nouveau styles, and after independence, Nordic style and modernist movements and in the reconstruction period after World War II has been the government's policies. In the period of contemporary architecture, three types of trends were formed under the influence of the works of Alvar Aalto, Pauli Blomstedt and Reima Pietilä, in which, in addition to historical and geographical factors, the surrounding nature and local culture also played a very important role in the continuation of tradition in the works of the present era. Manuscript profile
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        82 - Effect of spermidine and application on internal polyamine content, free radical enzyme activity and lipid oxidative destruction in cut ‘Black Magic’ rose flowers.
        REza Namatolah Sani Seyed Hosein Nemati Mahmoud Shour Mohammad Farjadi-Shakib
        Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants which nowadays holds the first top position in production and export of cut flowers due to its beautiful and colorful flowers. The quantity and quality of rose cultivars depend on environmental and nutrition. Pre and p More
        Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants which nowadays holds the first top position in production and export of cut flowers due to its beautiful and colorful flowers. The quantity and quality of rose cultivars depend on environmental and nutrition. Pre and post-harvest application of plant growth regulators is one of the common methods for quality improvement of this flower. Therefore, in the present study, cut ‘Black Magic’ rose flowers were treated at pre harvest with spermidine (0, 50 and 100 mgl-1) and with salicylic acid (0, 50 and 100 mgl-1) during postharvest. Consequently, postharvest quality from various point of view such as internal polyamine content, activity of free radical enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase) and destructive lipid oxidation (malondialdehyde content) were studied. Results indicate that foliar application with spermidine and with salicylic acid increases petal soluble protein content, improves the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and poly phenol oxidase in the petals of cut ‘Black Magic’ rose flowers. Activity increment of enzymes that are involved in oxidative stress, decreased lipid peroxidation and consequently, they decreased malondialdehyde content as destructive biomarker. Internal polyamines such as spermine, spermidine and putrescine were also significantly affected by spermidine and salicylic acid application. Manuscript profile
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        83 - Physiological and biochemical response of some grape cultivars to drought stress
        Mojtaba gholizadeh mehdi Haddadinejad علی عبادی Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
        In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical traits of six grape cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, More
        In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical traits of six grape cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, the treatments included six Khorasani and shirazi grape varieties (Askari, Khalili, Yaquti, Pikami, Turkmen 4 and Suzak) and four levels of drought stress (normal conditions (100% of the farm capacity), low stress (75% of the farm capacity), medium stress ( 50% of farm capacity) and severe stress treatment (25% of farm capacity). The results showed that physiological and biochemical traits increased significantly with increasing stress intensity. On the other hand, the traits of relative leaf water content, membrane stability index, amount of photosynthetic pigments, and total phenol content decreased significantly with increasing stress intensity. Among the cultivars studied, the Yaqouti cultivar showed more resistance to drought than other grape cultivars in terms of the studied indices. According to the results of this research, it seems that Yaghuti cultivar is more drought tolerant than other cultivars. Since this tolerance located in leaf via active mechanisms, it is necessary to carry out additional tests when using Yaghuti as rootstock for scion of grapevine. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        84 - Study of biochemical diversity between landraces of Allium sativum in different regions of Hamadan province
        Leila Akbari Mehdi Kakaei
        This research aimed to determine the diversity and identify some biochemical parameters among different garlic cultivars. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design and three replications was carried out in the central laboratory of Razi University in 20 More
        This research aimed to determine the diversity and identify some biochemical parameters among different garlic cultivars. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design and three replications was carried out in the central laboratory of Razi University in 2024 to group six ecotypes from different parts of Hamedan province based on their place of growth and determine their biochemical traits. The results of variance analysis of the studied traits showed a significant difference between the ecotypes in the traits of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, soluble sugar, flavonoid, and the two leaf and seed samples. The results of examining the interaction effect of ecotype in the samples indicated the significance of the total phenol content index among ecotypes. The ecotypes were grouped based on the cluster diagram and decomposition into main components, and they were placed in similar groups in terms of their biochemical traits. Considering the geographical conditions of the samples and their presence in the same geographic latitudes, the difference between the samples may be attributed to the difference between the genotypes of the ecotypes. There was a positive and significant correlation between chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. There was also a positive and significant correlation between phenol and flavonoid content. Based on the traits studied, Asad-abad and then Bahar-2 ecotypes can be introduced as desirable examples in clinical studies and can also be used for breeding programs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        85 - Effect of calcium chloride and thyme essential oils application on some postharvest characteristics of strawberry fruit cv. Selva
        Masoume Jannati Vahid Abdossi Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boujar
        Strawberry fruit is popular with customers all over the world, and many factors causing the less of the early and reduce its storage life. In this study, the effect of the concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 µl/l of T. vulgaris and T. kotschyanus and CaCl2 solution co More
        Strawberry fruit is popular with customers all over the world, and many factors causing the less of the early and reduce its storage life. In this study, the effect of the concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 µl/l of T. vulgaris and T. kotschyanus and CaCl2 solution concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 mg/L was tested on some characteristics of postharvest strawberry fruit. Traits include the amount of TSS, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, soluble sugars, activity of PPO and GR enzyme. The results showed that 300µl/L of T. vulgaris compared to other treatments of TSS, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, soluble sugars have significant effects on the level of 5%, and concentration of 200 µl/l T. kotschyanus compared to the other treatments reduced activity of PPO enzyme and increased of activity of GR enzyme and had a significant effect on the level of 5%. Concentration of 300 µl/l T. vulgaris compared with the other concentrations improve the traits measured. Since different active ingredients and essential oils due to its antifungal properties to reduce corruption and increase the storage life of the strawberry crop. The result can increase the shelf life of fruits compared to control fruits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        86 - Efficiency of RNA extraction methods from coneflower medicinal plant
        Kosar Moradi Rasol Amirian
        10.22034/aej.2019.665295
        Coneflower is a valuable medicinal plant containing high levels of secondary metabolites, but no suitable method for extraction of the entire RNA has been introduced yet. In present study, four methods of RNA extraction including lithium chloride, RNAX-Plus kit, phenol/ More
        Coneflower is a valuable medicinal plant containing high levels of secondary metabolites, but no suitable method for extraction of the entire RNA has been introduced yet. In present study, four methods of RNA extraction including lithium chloride, RNAX-Plus kit, phenol/SDS and lithium chloride/phenol were investigated. For confirming the quality and purity of RNA, spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis of 1.5% were used. The high absorption ratio of RNA solution at a wavelength of 260 nM to 280 and 230 nM, observation of ribosomal RNAs and the lack of smear on the gel were considered as criteria for determining samples quality. The highest and the lowest qualities of RNA contained 2.9 μg/100 mg of fresh leaves by phenol/SDS method and 1/2 μg/100 mg of fresh leaves by lithium chloride/phenol method, respectively. Therefore, phenol/SDS method is introducing as the most suitable method for RNA extraction from coneflower. Manuscript profile

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