Mehdi Oraei Articles List

Open Access Article

1 - Changes in essential oil content/composition and morpho-physiological traits of Damask rose affected by nano-potassium and nano-iron chelated
milad heydari Hassan Nourafcan Naser Nazari

10.22034/aej.2019.1875452.1108

To study the effect of nano-chelated iron and potassium foliar spraying on quality and quantity of damask rose essential oil and morpho-physiological characteristics, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in 2018 at Medicinal Plant Resear More

To study the effect of nano-chelated iron and potassium foliar spraying on quality and quantity of damask rose essential oil and morpho-physiological characteristics, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in 2018 at Medicinal Plant Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch. One year after the complete establishment of damask rose and during the blooming stage, plants were sprayed three times at intervals of 10 days by 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/L nano chelated iron and potassium. The traits evaluated in this experiment were leaf fresh and dry weights, flower fresh weight, leaf length and width, chlorophyll content, flower and receptacle diameter, petal number, plant height, essential oil quantity and quality. Application of nano-chelated iron increased the leaf fresh and dry weights. The highest and the lowest percentages of essential oil were observed in nano-chelated potassium at 1 g/L (0.2%) and nano-chelated potassium at 1.5 g/L (0.06%), respectively. 18 combinations were identified in essential oil of damask rose and the highest components were determined in citronellol, geraniol, tricosane, nonadecane and henicosane. The citronellol (27.3%) and geraniol (14.17%) was obtained from nano-chelated potassium at 1 gr/L and highest nonadecane (3.12%) and tricosane (21.17%) was obtained from nano-chelated iron at 1.5 g/L. The highest amount of henicosane (21.53%) was obtained in control treatment. Therefore, nano-chelated potassium at 1 g/L. can be used to give the highest essential oil yield and extraction of citronelol and geraniol, which are one of the most important economic compounds in damask rose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Reaction of broomcorn and dominant weeds to some conventional herbicides
Amir Pezeshki solaeyman jamshdi mohammad ali bagestanieh meybodi

To evaluate some herbicides efficiency for broomcorn’s weeds chemical management under farm conditions, an experiment was carried out in randomized completely block design with four replications in Achachi village of Miyaneh region. The herbicides were Atrazine as More

To evaluate some herbicides efficiency for broomcorn’s weeds chemical management under farm conditions, an experiment was carried out in randomized completely block design with four replications in Achachi village of Miyaneh region. The herbicides were Atrazine as pre-plant incorporated with soil + alachlor as pre-emergence, atrazine as pre-emergence + eradicane as pre-plant incorporated with soil, 2,4-D+MCPA as post-emergence + hand weeding, foramsulfuron as post-emergence, nicosulfuron as post-emergence, alachlor as pre-emergence, nicosulfuron as post-emergence, alachlor as pre-emergence + 2,4-D MCPA as pre-emergence + hand weeding, alachlor as pre-emergence, atrazine as pre-plant, and hand weeding was considered as control. Atrazin and 2,4-D+MCPA + hand weeding of narrow-leaf weeds were not differet significantly with control. Results revealed that application of atrazin and 2,4-D MPCA + narrow-leaf hand weeding had no significant difference with hand weeding in weed control and side-effect on the crop. Despite positive effect on weed controlling, atrazine + alachlor, atrazine + eradican, alachlor, eradican and 2,4-D were phytotoxic on broomcorn. The pre-plant application method was better than pre- and post-emergence methods. Based on the results, individual application of herbicides tested was more effective than their mixing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Growth and sporulation of some Gnomonia leptostyla isolates in various culture media
Soleiman Jamshidi Siyamak Salahi

Walnut anthracnose is the most common disease in common walnut, Juglans regia L., in Iran, caused by Gnomonia leptostyla. In current research, efficiency of various culture media including BAB, OMA, MA, NA, PDA, CMA, WLEA and WLEOMA in growth and sporulation of the fung More

Walnut anthracnose is the most common disease in common walnut, Juglans regia L., in Iran, caused by Gnomonia leptostyla. In current research, efficiency of various culture media including BAB, OMA, MA, NA, PDA, CMA, WLEA and WLEOMA in growth and sporulation of the fungus were studied. Three contaminated leaf samples from Miyaneh (No1), Marand (DV) and Karaj (Md1) areas were selected and after fungus isolation, they were cultured on mentioned media with three replications. Cultures were incubated in 21oC, 50% RH and 12:12 (L:D) photoperiod and some traits such as maximal colony diameter, colony pattern, mycelium density, sexual and asexual reproduction were investigated after 2, 3, 6, 9, 14 and 21 days. For perithecia maturation, primordial perithecia consisted cultures were incubated in 4oC in darkness for 3 months. There was no significant difference between isolates in morphology, color and growth pattern, but in growth rates and sporulation. Md1 produced primordial perithecia on the culture without walnut leaf extract but the others were not able to do. No1 could not sporulate on PDA, WA, CMA and OMA media as much as other isolates. However all isolates could produce immature perithecia and acervuli on WLEA and WLEOMA. The weakest media was BAB and the most suitable media for fungus isolation was WA. Fungus growth rate was in maximum on OMA and the highest density of mycelium was obtained on PDA. Sexual and asexual reproduction has been occurred in best way on media with walnut leaf extract. However, any mature perithecia was not obtained in any culture after three month incubation.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Distribution, etiology and pathogenicity of walnut anthracnose in northwest of Iran
Soleiman Jamshidi siamak salahi

   Walnut anthracnose is the most prevalent disease in common walnut in Iran and could be very destructive in rainy and cool seasons. The study purpose was specifying etiology and distribution of walnut anthracnose in northwest of Iran as one of the main walnu More

   Walnut anthracnose is the most prevalent disease in common walnut in Iran and could be very destructive in rainy and cool seasons. The study purpose was specifying etiology and distribution of walnut anthracnose in northwest of Iran as one of the main walnut production poles. Seventy five isolates were isolated from 11 provinces located in northwest region of Iran. Perithecia were obtained from the fallen leaves or induced on growth media for three months at 10oC incubation. According to this study, the only species identified was Ophiognomonia leptostyla. The climates which the disease was incident were mostly cold or moderate. None of the isolates belonged to warm or semi-warm climates. It could be found in a wide range of humidity; also most of them (73%) were obtained in 1000-2000 m altitude. Pathogenicity test on walnut seedlings showed that there was huge variation based on disease index and the day of acervulus formation among isolates. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the two mentioned pathological characteristics. Isolates clustering based on their pathogenicity showed they were grouped in five categories comprising very low, low, moderate, high and very high in virulence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of methanol and ethanol foliar application on peppermint morpho-physiological traits
Hassan Nourafcan Zahra Kalantari

10.22034/aej.2017.527809

Using of substances such as ethanol and methanol can be considered as a way to improve plants yield helping carbon dioxide fixation increment. The effect of methanol and ethanol spraying on growth and essential oils of peppermint has been studied in field conditions bas More

Using of substances such as ethanol and methanol can be considered as a way to improve plants yield helping carbon dioxide fixation increment. The effect of methanol and ethanol spraying on growth and essential oils of peppermint has been studied in field conditions based on randomized complete block design with 10 treatments including spraying with 10, 20, 30 and 40% methanol and ethanol, distilled water and no spraying.There was an enhancingeffect of ethanol and methanol spraying on most of studied traits.Methanol had positive effect on leaf number, longest lateral branch length and leaf width. Also, ethanol increased essential oils content, shoot fresh and dry weight and lateral shoot number. In general, the best treatments effecting on plant traits were ethanol 20 and 30% and methanol 10 and 30%. The highest essential oils content was observed at 10% of methanol 10 – 30% of ethanol. To foliar improvement, 30% of methanol was the most suitable treatment. Therefore,with economic and availability considerations, methanol would be recommendable formore essential oils contentachievement. Also, for the best peppermint business performance, 30% methanol could be applicable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Seed germination indices and initial growth of safflower seedlings with different thousand kernel weights under drought stress
Hamid Bagheri Yousof Ghazi Khanloosani Esmaiel Zangani Babak Andelibi Mohamad Reza Azimi Moghadam Soleiman Jamshidi

Tolerant seeds to drought stress could play significant role in steady seedling establishment and subsequent yield increase. In order to study the germination and initial seedling growth indices of safflower (cv. Sina) seeds with different thousand kernel weights (TKW) More

Tolerant seeds to drought stress could play significant role in steady seedling establishment and subsequent yield increase. In order to study the germination and initial seedling growth indices of safflower (cv. Sina) seeds with different thousand kernel weights (TKW) of 23, 23.83, 25.13 and 27.27 g, under different drought stress intensities, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design in Physiology Laboratory of Zanjan University. Drought stress levels comprising 0 (control), -4 and -8 bar were obtained using polyethylene glycol 6000. Increasing drought stress intensity significantly decreased germination percentage from 81.8% in control to 57.8% in -8 bar. Seeds with higher TKW were better in terms of germination percentage and germination coefficient rate. The seeds with 27.27 TKW produced longer radicle and plumule in drought stress condition. Besides, seeds with higher TKW showed higher vigor index and seedling dry and fresh matter. In conclusion, seeds with higher TKW showed higher germination indices and were more tolerant to drought stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Savory morphophysological traits affected by methanol and ethanol foliar application
Hassan Nourafcan Mahtab Pouyanfar

10.22034/aej.2017.530970

Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) has various applications in traditional medicine. Alcohol spraying on plants foliage is considered as one of the new methods for improvement of their growth and yield. In current study, the effect of methanol and ethanol spraying on morpho More

Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) has various applications in traditional medicine. Alcohol spraying on plants foliage is considered as one of the new methods for improvement of their growth and yield. In current study, the effect of methanol and ethanol spraying on morphological and physiological traits of savory has been studied in pot conditions based on completely randomized design with 10 treatments including spray concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/v) methanol and ethanol, distilled water and no spraying. Ethanol and methanol spraying specially in 40% concentration could be improving in most of studied traits. Ethanol 40% had a positive role in increasing of leaf dry and fresh weight, crown diameter, plant and stem fresh weight and methanol 40% was effective in plant and shoot dry weight, plant height and leaf number improvement. Increasing in alcohol concentrations caused chlorophyll content increment, but not leaf length. Also, spraying with distilled water and methanol caused more crown distance to first node; but less canopy width. Therefore, implementation of methanol and ethanol solutions is recommending increasing growth and growth indices of savory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The effect of methanol and ethanol foliar application on essential oil composition of peppermint
Hassan Nourafcan Zahra Kalantari Fatemeh Sefidkon

10.22034/aej.2018.543125

Mentha spp. are the main source of menthol essential oils. Medicinal plants sprayed with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol may cause vegetative growth and secondary metabolites improvement. The current study was carried out to evaluate ethanol and methanol foliar ap More

Mentha spp. are the main source of menthol essential oils. Medicinal plants sprayed with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol may cause vegetative growth and secondary metabolites improvement. The current study was carried out to evaluate ethanol and methanol foliar application efficiency on peppermint essential oils composition at Medicinal Plant Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch based on randomized complete block design. One month aged peppermint plantlets were sprayed by 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/v) ethanol and methanol aqueous solutions repeated twice two and four weeks after. The plants were harvested in flowering stage and their essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation. The essential oils composition was specified using GC and GC-MS techniques. All phytochemicals in peppermint essential oils were significantly affected by hydroalcoholic solutions application but transpulegol, cis-pulegol, menthyl acetate, e-caryophyllene, α-himochalene and germacrene D. Plants sprayed by upper than 10% hydroalcohol solutions contained more menthol, significantly. Moreover, menthol amount was in higher values in the case of methanol application than ethanol. However, most of phytochemicals of peppermint were effectively promoted using ethanol 30%. Also, menthone and isomenthone negatively affected by methanol spraying in peppermint. Therefore, considering current research findings, methanol spraying is recommending to increase peppermint essence quality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Antibacterial effect of flower essential oils and plant organs’ extracts of purple coneflower on the bacterium Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis
Soleiman Jamshidi Soudabeh Andargani Mehdi Oraei

Recently, there is an increasing attention to plant pathogen’s biocontrol considering hazards and environmental threats of chemical pesticides. Therefore, using plant materials as safe and natural antimicrobes is going to be investigated in recent years. The curre More

Recently, there is an increasing attention to plant pathogen’s biocontrol considering hazards and environmental threats of chemical pesticides. Therefore, using plant materials as safe and natural antimicrobes is going to be investigated in recent years. The current study’s projective was evaluation of plant materials obtained from purple coneflower effecting on Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis bacterial walnut blight agent. Aqueous, methanol, ethanol, acetone and HCl extracts of coneflower root, stem, leaf and flower were extracted by rotary set and flower essential oils using clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of coneflower extracts and essential oil was evaluated in laboratory with disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory and bactericide concentration methods. The bacterium was more sensitive to flower essential oil than extracts. Ethanol acted successfully in antimicrobial material release from plant organs. Also, aqueous extract and also HCl and acetone extracts had very limited antibacterial activities on studied bacterium. All plant extracts and essential oils were inhibitive on bacterium. Leaf extract were more inhibitive than bactericide. Regarding the results plant materials obtained from coneflower could be a remarkable potential against walnut blight bacterium and might be considered as a promising biocontrol agent in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The effect of foliar application of vermicompost tea on morphological traits of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.)
Hassan Nourafcan Zahra Mahmoudirad Mahtab Pouyanfar

10.22034/aej.2016.524407

Because of the importance of medicinal plants cultivation with organic manner and the advantages of biological fertilizers, the experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in pot condition using three times at 10 days interval More

Because of the importance of medicinal plants cultivation with organic manner and the advantages of biological fertilizers, the experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications in pot condition using three times at 10 days interval with foliar application of concentrations of 25, 50 and 100% vermicompost tea. Two weeks after the last spraying, canopy diameter, plant height, crown diameter, root length, node number, distance between the first node from the crown, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, plant fresh weight, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and plant dry weight were measured. The growth indices increased with increasing of concentration of vermicompost tea so that vermicompost tea 50% showed higher plant height, leaf number and plant dry weight. Vermicompost tea 100% treatment was the highest amount of root length, width and height of the leaf, stem fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight. Vermicompost tea may have a positive effect on growth indices related to the ability of nitrogen uptake by plants or growth hormones effect of earthworms on vermicompost tea. Given the pace of the transfer of nutrients from the leaves to the different plant parts, spraying bio- fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers can education in the cultivation of medicinal plants recommended less use of chemicals occurs, have a positive effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Effect of some conventional fungicides on control of broomcorn covered smut caused by Sporisorium sorghi in the field
Soleiman Jamshidi Ahmad Ghaffari

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the physiological and antioxidant properties of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under low irrigation conditions
Samaneh Safajo Ali Faramarzi Jalil Ajali Mehrdad Abdi Mehdi Oraei

10.22034/aej.2021.708292

In order to investigate the effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), soluble carbohydrates and proline content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L) in dehydration More

In order to investigate the effect of methanol and salicylic acid foliar application on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase), soluble carbohydrates and proline content of rapeseed (Brassica napus L) in dehydration stress condition, an split-factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2017 and 2018) in Safiabad Agricultural Research and Training Center of Dezful. The treatments of dehydration stress included three levels (70, 140 and 210 mm evaporation) as main plots and combination of treatments of salicylic acid on three level (control, 100 and 20 μmol) and methanol foliar application on three levels (control, 10 and 20 % Volume) as subplots. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of dehydration stress on the activity of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrates and proline content was significant. Further more, foliar application of methanol and salicylic acid on measured traits was significant Mean comparison showed that dehydration stress has led to increase activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrates and proline content. Finally, foliar application of methanol and salicylic acid has reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the content of soluble carbohydrates and proline in rapeseed.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Assessment of barley seeds chemical treatments with some conventional fungicides on barley strip controlling
Soleiman Jamshidi Ahmad Ghaffari Mohammad Sadeghzadeh Mehdi Mianaji

In order to evaluation of conventional fungicides effect on barley strip disease controlling, infected barley seeds of PropStar variety were collected from Achachy region barley fields located in Miyaneh, Iran and their infection percentage has been determined about 72% More

In order to evaluation of conventional fungicides effect on barley strip disease controlling, infected barley seeds of PropStar variety were collected from Achachy region barley fields located in Miyaneh, Iran and their infection percentage has been determined about 72% by culture plate test method. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions for evaluation of 0.5, 1 and 2 % of Carboxin 75WP, Carboxin-tiram 75WP, Tilt 250EC, Carbendazim 60WP, Rovral-TS 52.5WP, Benomyl 50WP, Diniconazole 2WP, Difenoconazol 3DS, Maneb 80WP and Mancozeb 80WP on seed viability, as completely randomized design with 4 replications. The results revealed that all treatments didn’t have significant difference with control rather than Tilt and 2% of Carboxin-tiram. Another experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with 3 replications in field condition. After seed treatments with recommended doses of above fungicides, 100 seeds was sown in a 10 m rows with 1 cm intervals in each plot. Plant infection percentages were calculated and analysis of variance and mean comporisons with Duncan’s multiple range test in 5% probability showed that Benomyl and Carbendazim had no effect on disease controlling. Also, other fungicides had significant difference with control and all of them can be recommended for field applications. However the most effective fungicides were Rovral-TS and Mancozeb and Maneb and Difeniconazole had the least effect on the disease, statistically. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The effect of thermal and chemical treatment on seed-born inoculum of Pyrenophora graminea, the causal agent of barley strip disease in greenhouse
Soleiman Jamshidi Mehrdad Abdi Ali Faramarzi

Barley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae  is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease  in barley  causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield losses. The disease is More

Barley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae  is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease  in barley  causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield losses. The disease is monocycle and seed-born and the fungus survives as mycelium in the hull,   pericarp and seed coat. Therefore,  the best way for disease controlling  is the eradication of seed born inoculum by different methods. In order to evaluate the effect of various thermal  and chemical  treatments on disease  control,  infected   seeds were  collected   from diseased  barley  fields  with  Prop star cultivar  and the infection   percent  was defined  approximately   89.5% with "Culture  plate test"  method. Thermal  treatments consisting  of  tennothcrapy  during  5  and  I 0 minutes  in  52 oC warm  water and chemical  treatments  with Carboxin-Tiram,   lrnazalil,  Mancozeb, Tilt and Maneb were applied.  Infected  seeds treated  with lap water were  considered  as  control  and  the project ran  in  completely  randomized  design.  For each  treatment,  20 treated seeds were sawed in three replications  in pots.  60 days after planting, the effects of various treatments on fungus seed-born inoculum and seed viability were studied by evaluation  of infected plant  percentage. The thermal  treatments were recognized to be unsuitable for seed disinfection   because of extraordinary and over than 50% effects  on seed viability   and low  effect  of disease control. Among chemical  treatments, lmazalil was the best  for disease  control and other treatments had significant  difference  with it. But there were no significant  differences  between  the  other  fungicides.  But application  of  Tilt  is  not  advisable  because  its significant effect on seed viability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Investigation of genetic variation among some Iranian apple genotypes using RAPD marker
Shahin Jahangirzadeh Khiavi Hassan Noorafkan Sima Damyar

Collection and evaluation of germplasms play an important role in fruit tree breeding programs and different molecular markers have been used for this purpose. RAPD marker is one of the most common markers to identify different apple genotypes and varieties. In this stu More

Collection and evaluation of germplasms play an important role in fruit tree breeding programs and different molecular markers have been used for this purpose. RAPD marker is one of the most common markers to identify different apple genotypes and varieties. In this study, the genetic diversity of 23 indigenous apple genotypes collected from Azerbaijan, Central Alborz and Central Zagros regions of Iran was evaluated by 11 RAPD primers serie TIB MOLBIOL and commercial cultivar of Granny Smith was consdered as the control. Data were analyzed using NTSYS software, dendrogram was drawn based on UPGMA results and DICE similarity index was used for measuring genetic similarities. Average number of bands was 10.27 for each primer. In general, samples of each region were separate from other regions and were classified in different clusters. However, some samples were placed in the cluster of other regions that it could be due to genotype transition among areas in the past tense. High polymorphism rates were obtained (68.62%). Based on the results, similarity of samples ranged from 0.378 to 0.723. There was high genetic difference among apple genotypes collected from the studied areas, but low difference was observed among samples of each region. In conclusion, investigation of genetic variation indicated that RAPD marker is suitable approach to determine polymorphic loci and to estimate the genetic distance among apple genotypes and cultivars. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Effect of IAA and BAP on morphophysiological traits of lemon balm
Mahsa Valiyari Hassan Nourafcan

10.22034/aej.2018.538786

To investigate the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) on morphological and physiological traits of lemon balm, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farm condition at Namin county, Arde More

To investigate the effect of indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) on morphological and physiological traits of lemon balm, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in farm condition at Namin county, Ardebil province, Iran. Spraying was done using IAA and BAP in the rates of 100, 200 and 300 ppm. Application of IAA and BAP promoted plant height and branches length. However, the branches length was increased in low IAA concentrations. Leaf chlorophyll content was in maximum at 300 ppm of BAP and 100 ppm of IAA. Application of IAA increased canopy diameter. More IAA concentrations increased shadow diameter. Increasing in IAA concentrations caused reduction in node number. Number of lateral shoots increased in high concentration of BAP in addition, more plant biomass was produced in high concentrations of BAP and IAA. Foliar application of BAP caused increasing in number of leaf comparing IAA. Therefore, application of IAA and BAP can be considered as an appropriate option to improve yield in lemon balm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - High performant eggplant in vitro regeneration and organogenesis
Farhad Taghipour Soleiman Jamshidi Fahrul Huyop

10.22034/aej.2015.515858

Eggplant is a notable vegetable crop grown in a variety of tropical and temperate regions. In vitro regeneration of eggplant was established to determine an efficient phytohormone concentration for development of organogenesis from cotyledon and leaf explants. Ten-day o More

Eggplant is a notable vegetable crop grown in a variety of tropical and temperate regions. In vitro regeneration of eggplant was established to determine an efficient phytohormone concentration for development of organogenesis from cotyledon and leaf explants. Ten-day old cotyledon and 25-day old leaf explants were cultured on MS medium amended with Gamborg’s B5 vitamins and 2% sucrose in 10 different concentrations and combinations of NAA, BAP, TDZ, 2,4-D and IAA phytohormons. Cultured explants were incubated at 25 ± 2 ºC for 3 weeks under 16:8 h photoperiod. Well-grown regenerated shoots were transferred to fresh growth medium after 3 weeks for shoot elongation. All cotyledon and leaf explants produced various callus masses but only white and friable ones were able to regenerate into vigorous shoots. Shoot regeneration medium (SRM10) containing MS + TDZ 2 mg/L + BAP 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L showed high potential in organogenesis of both explant types. Shoot regeneration and organogenesis from cotyledon explants were much more advantageous than leaf explants. The average of cotyledon and leaf explants producing shoot were 4.3 ± 0.33 and 1.6 ± 0.67 out of 5 in each plate, respectively. The percentages of regenerated shoots in cotyledon and leaf explants cultured on SRM10 were 86.6 ± 6.67 and 33.3 ± 13.3%, respectively. Current work can shed a light on production of transgenic eggplants and can be followed by normal mature plants regeneration. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on morphophysiological characteristics of common mallow and Moldavian balm
Hassan Nourafcan Afsaneh Mahboubi

10.22034/aej.2017.535143

Salicylic acid has an important role in some plant physiological processes as a plant growth regulator. In current study, the effect of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of common mallow and Moldavian balm was studied based on completely randomize More

Salicylic acid has an important role in some plant physiological processes as a plant growth regulator. In current study, the effect of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of common mallow and Moldavian balm was studied based on completely randomized block design in farm condition at Bostanabad county, Iran. Plantlets were sprayed by 0, 150 and 300 mg/L salicylic acid two month after planting and two weeks after. In flowering stage, the plant height, stem, root and internode length, leaf, root and lateral roots number, dry and fresh weight of stem, root and leaf, dry matter percentage of root, stem and leaf and also chlorophyll content were recorded. Salicylic acid spraying improved all common mallow traits but root number and length. In Moldavian balm, salicylic acid application increased all traits. However, it decreased root and stem dry matter percentage and had no effect on root number and length. Also, 300 mg/L of salicylic acid was more effective than 150 mg/L in common mallow traits except dry leaf weight and root dry matter percentage and in Moldavian balm expect length internode. Thus, foliar spraying of salicylic acid can be recommended for as a simple and economical method for yield and growth indices improvement of common mallow and Moldavian balm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Effect of crop density and application of reduced dosages of two post-emergence herbicides on broadleaf weeds biomass and yield and yield components of broomcorn (Sorghum vulgare var. technicum)
Hamed Raeisi Jahanfar Daneshian Mohammad Ali Baghestani Soleiman Jamshidi

To evaluate the effect of crop density and application of reduced dosage of two post-emergence herbicides on broom yield of broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Miyaneh More

To evaluate the effect of crop density and application of reduced dosage of two post-emergence herbicides on broom yield of broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Miyaneh region. Treatments were crop densities of 17, 24 and 31 plant. m-2 and herbicides including 2,4-D+MCPA and bromoxynil+MCPA with recommended, 20% and 40% reduced dosages. For each crop density, a hand weeding plot were considered as control. Results showed that weed biomass was decreased with crop density increasing, and recommended dosage of bromoxynil + MCPA was the most effective herbicide treatments in most sampling stages. Also, increasing crop density resulted in increased leaf number and leaf, stalk and panicle dry weight. Besides, broom yield and production efforts were significantly increased with increasing plant density. The highest broom yield was obtained with application of bromoxynil + MCPA and 2,4-D + MCPA in recommended dosages. The effect of recommended and 20% decreased dosages of bromoxynil + MCPA was similar on broom yield improvement. Regarding to the obtained results, plantin density of 31 plant.m-2 and 20% of recommended dosage of bromoxynil + MCPA application is recommended to weed control and broomcorn yield increment in Miyaneh region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Effect of salicylic acid on improving morpho-physiological traits of basil under salinity stress
Hassan Nourafcan Farinaz Angooti

10.22034/aej.2018.545918

Salinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses on plants. On the other hand, salicylic acid is effective as a plant growth regulator on inducing mechanisms in plant resistance enhancment against biotic and abiotic stresses. Apot experiment was c More

Salinity is one of the most important and common environmental stresses on plants. On the other hand, salicylic acid is effective as a plant growth regulator on inducing mechanisms in plant resistance enhancment against biotic and abiotic stresses. Apot experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on improving morpho-physiological indices of basil under salt stress. Seedlings with six to eight leaves were sprayed by salicylic acid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM before salinity stress application and continued for three weeks. The salinity stresses were applied by irrigation of plants with saline solutions at concentrations of 20, 40 and 80 mM of sodium chloride. At flowering stage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and width, leaf and inflorescence number, leaf, stem, and root fresh and dry weight, the longest inflorescence and root and internode length, stem node number, leaf, stemç and root dry weight percentage, leaf electrolyte leakage, relative humidity, leaf chlorophyll index, leaf area indexç and special leaf area were measured. Salinity stress reduced leaf length and width, leaf area index, branch nodes number, stem diameter, root fresh and dry weight, stem dry weight, special leaf area and increased leaf electrolyte leakage and leaf number. In contrast, using salicylic acid was effective in reducing of the adverse impacts of salinity stress in most of the traits. Also, salicylic acid spraying had more compensatory effect on salinity stress at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM. Therefore, salicylic acid spraying can be recommended as a contsructive approach to prevent adverse impacts in basil under salinity stress conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The effect of chitosan and ascorbic acid foliar spraying on coneflower vegetative and reproductive indices
Fatemeh Babaei Aghjedarbandه Soleiman Jamshidi Hassan Nourafcan

10.22034/aej.2018.544618

Foliar spraying of medicinal plants is one of the main techniques to improve their vegetative and reproductive growth. To evaluate the effect of foliage spraying of coneflower using chitosan and ascorbic acid on vegetative and reproductive traits, an experiment was carr More

Foliar spraying of medicinal plants is one of the main techniques to improve their vegetative and reproductive growth. To evaluate the effect of foliage spraying of coneflower using chitosan and ascorbic acid on vegetative and reproductive traits, an experiment was carried out based on complete block design in three replications in filed condition located at Khalil Abad village in Ardebil province. Experimental treatments were foliage spraying of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/L of chitosan and ascorbic acid. The first spraying was on 8 July 2018 and repeated twice in one week intervals. Plants were harvested a week after the last spraying and in full flowering stage. The vegetative and physiological traits such as plant height, the longest stem length, leaf, lateral branches and flower number, leaf length and width, stem and capitol diameter, leaf, stem, flower and whole plant dry and fresh weight, and chlorophylle content were measured. No negative effect has been observed resulted from foliar spraying by these natural products. Spraying by chitosan in low concentration improved coneflower morphological traits. Ascorbic acid was only effective on leaf fresh and dry weight and root dry weight. Therefore, spraying with 0.1 g/L of chitosan would be recommendable for coneflower growth improvement in filed conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The effect of halo- and hydropriming on germination and initial growth of corn cv. SC704 under salinity and drought stress conditions
Alyeh Rokhfirooz Soleiman Jamshidi Naser Mohebbalipour

10.22034/aej.2015.515941

This study was conducted during thesummer of 2013 in Islamic Azad University, Dezful branch in a completely randomized design with three replications in a factorial base in order to determine the effect of hydro and halopriming pretreatments on germination, early growth More

This study was conducted during thesummer of 2013 in Islamic Azad University, Dezful branch in a completely randomized design with three replications in a factorial base in order to determine the effect of hydro and halopriming pretreatments on germination, early growth and establishment of maize 704 single cross cultivar under salinity and drought conditions. To this end, the corn seeds pretreated with potassium nitrate (halopriming) and distilled water (hydropriming) in terms of germination index and growth of seedlings under salt stress by sodium chloride and drought conditions caused by poly ethylene glycol 6000 in water potentials of 0, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 MPa in greenhouse were studied in vitro. Seeds were able to germinate in all concentrations of sodium chloride solution, but germination was not observed only in -0.6 MPa osmotic potential. Pretreatment of seeds caused better seed germination and seedling growth under salinity and drought stresses. The application of hydro and osmotic pretreatments could compensate the negative effects of salinity and drought stresses and had positive effect on germination indices and also caused rapid seed germination. Generally, pretreatment practices are recommended for the improvement of germination and initial establishment of maize seedling. �مام غلظتهای محلول کلریدسدیم بودند، اما تنها در پتانسیل اسمزی 6/0- مگاپاسکال جوانهزنی مشاهده نشد. پیشتیمار بذر باعث جوانهزنی بهتر و رشد گیاهچهها تحت تنشهای شوری و خشکی شد. استفاده از روش پیشتیمار اسمزی و آبی توانست اثرات منفی تنشها را جبران نماید و اثر مثبت بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی داشت و باعث شد تا جوانهزنی بذرها سریعتر انجام شود. در کل، اعمال پیشتیمار برای بهبود جوانهزنی و استقرار اولیه گیاهچه ذرت تحت تنش توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of some Iranian lichens
Soleiman Jamshidi Seyyedeh Maryam Shahidi Mohammad Sohrabi Samira Jamshidi

Lichens are known as one of the greatest sources of natural compounds having antibiotic properties which some of them are being used as drugs for special diseases therapy. In current study, inhibitive, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of methanol extracts of f More

Lichens are known as one of the greatest sources of natural compounds having antibiotic properties which some of them are being used as drugs for special diseases therapy. In current study, inhibitive, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of methanol extracts of five lichens derived from Arasbaran, East Azarbaijan Province of Iran including Pleopsidiumgobiensis, Parmelinatiliacea, Anaptychiasetifera and Lecanoraargopholis on some plant derived bacteria such asPseudomonas fluorecens, Bacillus subtillis and Enterobactersp. were studied using disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory and bactericide concentration methods. Methanol extracts of lichens had significant inhibitive effects of studied bacteria other than Enterobactersp. in disc diffusion agar method. A. setifera extracts had less inhibitive in bacteria than others. All lichens extracts had more or less bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on bacteria. Methanol extracts of all lichens had various bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on bacteria P. gobiensis and P. tiliaceahad much more bacteriostatic and bactericide comparing two other lichens. Lichens extracts was more inhibitive against B. subtillis. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal reaction of Enterobactersp. to lichen extracts was more than two other bacteria. Regarding results of the results, the lichens extracts could have remarkable potential for studied plant bacteria biocontrol and might be considered as promising agents against pathogens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Effect of indole acetic acid and benzyl amino purine on growth indices of evening primrose
Yaghoub Mikaeili Hassan Nourafcan Jalil Ajalli

10.22034/aej.2018.541233

Plant growth regulators effect on plants by different ways regulating their growth and development. Auxins and cytokinins are usually known to be stimulator for cell division and differentiation and plant organ development. The current study has been carried out to inve More

Plant growth regulators effect on plants by different ways regulating their growth and development. Auxins and cytokinins are usually known to be stimulator for cell division and differentiation and plant organ development. The current study has been carried out to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzyl amino purine (BAP) in concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg/L based on completely randomized design on evening primrose as a pot experiment. Spraying with both plant hormones especially BAP could be positively efficient on most of evaluated traits improvement. Higher concentrations were more effective on plant growth indices. The improving effect of BAP on aerial organs growth was more conspicuous; however, IAA was more effective on underground part.  Therefore, to improve evening primrose growth, spraying with 300 mg/L of BAP or IAA would be recommendable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Effects of four nitrogen fertilizer sources on seed and oil yield of rapeseed and nitrogen residues in the soil
Mehdi Mehrpouyan ahmad golchin soleiman jamshidi

Effects of different amounts of four nitrogen fertilizers sources on seed and oil yield of rapeseed cv. SLM046, and nitrogen residues in the soil were studied after harvesting. An experiment was conducted at Zanjan Agricultural Research Center, in 2004. A factorial expe More

Effects of different amounts of four nitrogen fertilizers sources on seed and oil yield of rapeseed cv. SLM046, and nitrogen residues in the soil were studied after harvesting. An experiment was conducted at Zanjan Agricultural Research Center, in 2004. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Five levels of N comprised of 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 Kg of net nitrogen/ha and fertilizer sources of sulfur coated urea (SCU), urea (U), ammonium nitrate (AN), and ammonium sulphate (AS) were used at three stages: planting time, stem elongation and seed setting, but U fertilizer was applied at the planting time. The highest seed and oil yield were obtained for UN240. The highest N residues were found for SCU fertilizer. An increase of nitrogen (N) ranges from 0 to 240 kg/ha incraesed N residues in the soil. In addition, more NO3- was observed by applying AN, U, and SCU as compared with SA. The highest and the least NH4+ in soil was detected when fertilizers SCU and AN were applied, respectively. In general, despite of different N applications in rapeseed, amounts of NO3- and NH4+ residues in soil were lower than of those before planting, indicating high potential of rapeseed crop in N absorption. It was also revealed that increase of applied N was in contradictory with nitrogen uptake efficiency. NA fertilizers showed the highest and SCU the lowest nitrogen uptake efficiency in rape seed crop. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Reaction of different walnut cultivars to Gnomonia leptostyla, causal agent of walnut Anthracnose
Siyamak Salahi soleiman jamshidi

Walnut Anthracnose caused by Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. is one of the most serious foliar diseases of Persian walnut in absence of chemical treatments. The disease may result in premature defoliation, and fruit falling and reducing tree vigor and age i More

Walnut Anthracnose caused by Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. is one of the most serious foliar diseases of Persian walnut in absence of chemical treatments. The disease may result in premature defoliation, and fruit falling and reducing tree vigor and age in favorite conditions. Application of resistant cultivars is one of the main ways for disease management. In this study, interaction of 11 different walnut cultivars were evaluated against this disease. An experiment was carried out in greenhouse condition as completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and three replications. Conidia suspension of three fungus isolates with 105 per ml. concentration was atomized on seedling leaves which had been placed in three rows and 22 columns arrangement. Seedlings incubated for 48 hours at 21±2 oC in greenhouse under plastic covers and then the covers were removed. The seed plants were set around the grafted plants as guard. Macroscopic symptoms were occurred two weeks after primary inoculation. The numbers and diameter of spots were recorded one and two months after inoculation. Disease severity in seed cultivars was much more than grafted plants. According to the statistical analysis, Z67 and K73 cultivars showed more resistance in comparison with others and Z67 was the most resistant one. The cultivars Ser, Vina, Hartley, Ronde de Montignac, Lara and Franquett had moderate to weak resistance and the cultivars Z63, Z60 and Pedro were all susceptible to the disease. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Antibacterial potential of five lichen species from Arasbaran region against Dikerya chrysanthemi potatoes rot causal agent in the laboratory and storage condition
Seyedeh Maryam Shahidi Soleiman Jamshidi Mohammad Torabi

Potato is one of the important vegetables which is tremendously getting damaged by Dikerya chrysanthemi causing soft rot during storage. In order to utilize lichens antibacterial potential to the disease management, five lichen species collected from Arasbaran region in More

Potato is one of the important vegetables which is tremendously getting damaged by Dikerya chrysanthemi causing soft rot during storage. In order to utilize lichens antibacterial potential to the disease management, five lichen species collected from Arasbaran region including Pleopsidium gobiensis, Ramalina sinensis, Parmelina tiliacea, Anaptychia setifera and Lecanora argopholis were extracted using ethanol, acetone and diethyl ether as solvents and bioassayed in laboratory condition by disc diffusion, minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) methods. Pleopsidium gobiensis methanolic extract and Parmelina tiliace diethyletherextract were the most effective treatments against the bacterium with 7.9 and 6.6 mm of inhibition zone and 0.54 and 1.09 mg/ml of MIC and MBC, respectively. They were even more effective than Streptomycin which were used as positive controls. On the whole, P. tiliacea and P. gobiensis had the highest inhibitory effects on bacterial growth. In storage condition, spraying injured potato tubers with bacterial suspensionbefore or after selected lichens separate inoculations showed that all lichen treatments had protective and curative potential effects on bacteria, being able to save significant part of potato tubers from bacterial damage in comparison to the control. The most effective treatment was diethyl ether extract of R. sinensis applied after bacterial inoculation which could protect 91% of potato tubers from bacterial damage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Effect of some chemical and biological insecticides on European corn borer control in Moghan region
Mozhgan Molaei Soleiman Jamshidi

10.22034/aej.2018.541282

To evaluate some chemical and biological insecticides impact on European corn borer, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design in three replications in Moghan plain, Iran.  The pest flight peak was determined by standard pheromone de More

To evaluate some chemical and biological insecticides impact on European corn borer, an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design in three replications in Moghan plain, Iran.  The pest flight peak was determined by standard pheromone delta-trap considered as insecticides application time including indoxacarb, deltamethrin, diazinon, fanvalerate, alpha-cypermethrin+ teflubenzuron and B.t. as biological insecticide containing Bacillus thurengiensis using a dorsal-swab sprayer. Pest mortality percentage and stem hole number in the first and second generation were recorded 3 and 7 days after treatment application. In harvesting time, yield and yield component including plant height, thousand kernel number, seed number per row and biological yield were measured. Despite significant difference of B.t. insecticide on pest losses, it could not be effect on corn yield and yield components. The effect of chemical insecticide on pest mortality and stem hole number was partially equal; however, the weakest one was diazinon in this regard. Also, alpha-cypermethrin+ teflubenzuron and indoxacarb had better improving effect on corn yield and yield component than others. On the whole, alpha-cypermethrin+ teflubenzuron application is recommended to combat with European corn borer in corn farms in Maghan plain region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Intraspecies auto-allelopathic potential of root exudates in four rice Iranian cultivars
Sahar Ahmadi Khiavi Soleiman Jamshidi

10.22034/aej.2017.537677

Autotoxicity is a negative auto-allelopathy which has been observed in different plant species including rice. To evaluate autotoxic potential of root exudates in four rice Iranian cultivars including Hassansara, Hashemi, Champa, and Ali Kazemi, an experiment was conduc More

Autotoxicity is a negative auto-allelopathy which has been observed in different plant species including rice. To evaluate autotoxic potential of root exudates in four rice Iranian cultivars including Hassansara, Hashemi, Champa, and Ali Kazemi, an experiment was conducted using donor and receiver cultivars culturing on 0.4% agar medium. Receiver plantlets were planted on agar in a concentric circles pattern aroud donar plantlets in 2, 4 and 6 cm intervals after donors seven days establishment. The plantlet indices such as radicle and plumule length, plantlet dry and fresh weight were recorded. The results are indicating negative effects of root exudates of Iranian rice cultivars on themselves and each other. The negative effect was more obvious on plantlets radicle then plumule growth. Root exudates of Hassansara had the highest negative impact on Champa plantlet growth. Plantlet fresh weight increased significantly in growing intervals of 2, 4, and 6 cm in all rice cultivars. Champa root exudate was more autotoxic than others regarding plantlet dry weigh. Therefore, using proper planting density in studied rice cultivar especially Champa has been suggested to get suitable yield in rice plantations.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - German chamomile essential oils quality of environmental factors in three watershed areas of Arasbaran, East Azarbaijan province, Iran
Jamal Pourfaraj Mehrdad Akbarzadeh Shahram Shahrokhi Khaneghah Hassan Nourafcan

10.22034/aej.2018.544652

Environmental factors including temperature and anticipation have critical impact on vegetative and reproductive growth as well as secondary metabolites and quantity and quality of essential oils in medicinal plants. In this study, phytochemical characteristics of Germa More

Environmental factors including temperature and anticipation have critical impact on vegetative and reproductive growth as well as secondary metabolites and quantity and quality of essential oils in medicinal plants. In this study, phytochemical characteristics of German chamomilelandraces collected fromthree watershed areas of Kaleibarchai, Hajilarchai, and Mardanagim of Arasbaran, Iran was surveyed using plotting method. Foliar essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and their yield and compositions were determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometer methods. On the whole, 22 components were identified in German chamomile essential oils with α-bisabolol, Camazulene, α-phellandrene, E- β-Franesol, Z-E- Feranesol, and α-bisabolol oxide as the most important identified components. High temperature and anticipation caused increasing of α-phellandrene, α-bisabolol oxide  Z-E- Feranesol in Kaleibarchai region. Also, low  anticipation in Hajilarchai increased  Camazulene and E- β-Franesol. On the other hand, low temperature in  Mardanagim increased  Camazulene and  α-bisabolol oxide in collected samples. Therefore, collection of German chamomile from Mardanagim for high amounts active medicinal ingredients is recommended.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - The effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress
Hassan Nourafcan Masoumeh Shahmoradi

To study the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments was contained pr More

To study the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments was contained priming with salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate each with three levels (1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1), hydropriming with distilled  water and control (non-priming) and four salinity levels (control, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1). The results showed that seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate had significant effect on germination percentage and rate, emergence percentage and rate, mean of germination and emergence time mean, plumule length, fresh and dry weight under salinity stress. The sodium chloride salt with 3000 mg.L-1 rate caused significant decrement in seedling germination and initial growth characteristics, comparing to control. In the present study, salicylic acid showed positive effect on germination and growth characteristics of lentil seedling under salinity stress with and without nano-iron chelate, so that germination and initial growth characteristics of lentil seedling were increased by application of salicylic acid in sole and under salinity stress, comparing to control. Therefore, applying seed priming by salicylic acid with 3000 mg.L-1 to improve germination and establishment of seedling with or without salinity stress condition is going to be recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The effect of N-fertilizer sources and amounts on yield and yield components of corn, Single Cross 704 cultivar
Ali Faramarzi Soleiman Jamshidi Koroush Siami

In order to evaluation of N-Fertilizer sources and amounts effect on yield and its components in single cross 704 corn, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University-Miyaneh branch. In this study, two levels of  N-Fertilizer including Amo More

In order to evaluation of N-Fertilizer sources and amounts effect on yield and its components in single cross 704 corn, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University-Miyaneh branch. In this study, two levels of  N-Fertilizer including Amonium Nitrate and Urea with amounts including 100, 160 and 220 Kg of pure Nitrogen per hactar as a factorial design in compeletly randomized blockes with four replications was run. One of plots in each treatment was considered as control without N-Fertilizer receiving. Plants was planted as farrow system on the rows with 75 cm intervals and 67.000 plants/ha density in 23th of Ordibehesht. N-Fertilizers were applied in three times including simultaneously with planting, four and eight leave stages as top dressing. The plants were selected from 5 m2 of three middle rows for determining of seed yield and biological yield in physiological ripping stage and 15 plants randomizly were selected from each plots for yield component and head numbers in a plant in row and seed number in row were counted and 1000 seeds weight was evaluated. It is revealed that Amonium Nitrate application has higher yield than Urea application and 160 and 220 Kg/ha of pure Nitrogen has the same or more then yield of control and 100 Kg/ha treatment. The reason of high yield in Amonium Nitrate treatment has contributed with corn efficiency in Nitrogen Uptake. Low yield in Urea treatment is related to Nitrogen wasting by sublimitation and washing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Antibacterial potential of purple coneflower extracts and essential oils against some plant-related bacteria
Soleiman Jamshidi Soudabeh Andargani

10.22034/aej.2016.525561

Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) have been always considered for its antimicrobial potentials. To evaluate the effect of coneflower methanol, ethanol, acetone, HCl and aqueous extracts and also flower essential oils, the bioassay and minimal bacteriostatic and bac More

Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) have been always considered for its antimicrobial potentials. To evaluate the effect of coneflower methanol, ethanol, acetone, HCl and aqueous extracts and also flower essential oils, the bioassay and minimal bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations testes were carried out on some plant related bacteria including Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwinia amylovora, Rhizobium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus faciens. Gentamycin® and dimethyl sulfoxide nutritive solvent were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. For each bacterium, experiment was considered as completely randomized design with 24 treatments and three replications. Each bacterium reacted in different way against coneflower various organs extracts and flower essential oils. On the whole, coneflower essential oils were more inhibitive than extracts. In addition, Gr+ bacteria, especially R. faciens, did not get affected by coneflower extracts, however, essential oils were inhibitive, bacteriostatic and even bactericide. Antibacterials were accumulated in roots and flowers than leaves and stems. Acetone was the least effective solvent in antibacterials extractions. It seems coneflower has high potential for plant microbes’ biocontrol. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Insecticidal activity of tarragon, common and field wormwood essential oils against green peach aphid
Zahra Jafari Soleiman Jamshidi hassan nourafcan

10.22034/aej.2018.543612

Artemisia species are historically considered as highly potential insecticidal plants used for tackling harmful house insects. The essential oils of three Artemisia species including A. dracunculus, A. campestris and A. austriaca spelendes essential oils were extracted More

Artemisia species are historically considered as highly potential insecticidal plants used for tackling harmful house insects. The essential oils of three Artemisia species including A. dracunculus, A. campestris and A. austriaca spelendes essential oils were extracted by maceration using Clevenger apparatus. The Artemisia species essential oil yields were measured and volatile chemical compounds were identified by MS gaschromatography method. The insecticidal activity of essential oils  was determined by bioassay methods against green peach aphid during 12 hours with  concentrations of 62, 125, 250 and 500 ppm and 1, 2, 4, 6 recording mortality rate every other two hours. The essential oils yield of tarragon,  common and field wormwood were determined as 6.8, 4, and 3.9 ml/kg plant biomass, respectively. Also, 6, 8, and 16 volatile chemical compounds were identified from tarragon,  common and field wormwood , respectively. The main compounds for the three species were as follows  methyl-cavicole, cis-osimen and limonene  in A. dracunculus, 1,8-cineol and 3,5-peptadin 2-ol in A. campestris camphor, and beta-thujan, caryophyllen oxide, alpha thujan, 1,3-Cineol and caryophyllen in A. austriaca. All of the three plant essential oils showed a considerable mortality rate against green peach aphid while aphidicidal activity of tarragon was considerably higher than the other two species. The amounts of 50 percentage mortality rates of tarragon, common and field wormwood   were lower than 62, 382, and 576 ppm, respectively. Therefore, essential oils of tarragon on peach green aphid can be considered as safe natural products and a substitution as dangerous chemicals in agricultural crops. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - The effect of chemical fertilizer and animal manure on Sclerotinia minor, causal agent of sunflower root and crown rot in laboratory and greenhouse conditions
Dorna Alilou Soleiman Jamshidi Mohammad Torabi

10.22034/aej.2017.528889

Sclerotinia minor is one of the most important causal agents of sunflower root and crown rot in the world Iran. In current study, isolation, purification and identification of the fungus was carried out from sunflower farms at Khoy city, Iran and pathogenicity test and More

Sclerotinia minor is one of the most important causal agents of sunflower root and crown rot in the world Iran. In current study, isolation, purification and identification of the fungus was carried out from sunflower farms at Khoy city, Iran and pathogenicity test and sclerotia propagation was done using Köhn method. The effect of 1, 5 and 10 g/L of urea and phosphorous fertilizer and 10, 15 and 20 g/L of animal manure including chicken, sheep and cow manure was studied on growth of mycelial disc and sclerotium on potato dextrose agar medium. Also, the effect of mentioned fertilizers was evaluated on disease development and some morphological traits of sunflower in greenhouse condition. Despite inhibitive effect of chemical fertilizer especially urea in laboratory conditions on fungus mycelial growth and sclerotium production, they caused higher sclerotinia disease index in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, chemical fertilizers such as urea and phorphorus fertilizer are synergic on sclerotinia disease in sunflower and replacement of animal manure specially cow and sheep manures are recommending.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Broomcorn allelopathic effect on germination and early growth stages of barley
Somayeh Hashemizadeh Soleiman Jamshidi shahram shahrokhi

Broomcorn is extensively cropped in Miyaneh region for traditional broom production and occasionally included in rotation with barley by local farmers. The research objective was clarifying of broomcorn allelopathic potential on barley germination and initial growth. Al More

Broomcorn is extensively cropped in Miyaneh region for traditional broom production and occasionally included in rotation with barley by local farmers. The research objective was clarifying of broomcorn allelopathic potential on barley germination and initial growth. Allelopathic properties of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of broomcorn roots and shoots aqueous extracts sampled 1, 2, 3, and 4 months after planting, also root exudates using equal compartment agar method and 5 and 10% of intact and burnt crop residues aqueous extract on barley germination and initial growth were evaluated. Also, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of 3-month broomcorn foliar extracts on barley seedlings growth was evaluated in greenhouse condition. Broomcorn root extracts was less allelopathic on barley seed germination, also 3-month foliar was the most allelopathic studied plant organs on seed germination and growth of barley. Also, broomcorn root exudates were more toxic on barley plumule than radicle. Residue burning decreased allelopathic effect of broomcorn residue up to 77%. Irrigating with broomcorn extracts had less allelopathic effects than direct bioassay on barley seedlings in laboratory. Considering remarkable allelopathic potential of broomcorn on barley, its residue management should be concerned in broomcorn-barley rotations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - The effect of different levels of vermicompost on morphological traits and yield components of mallow (Malva silvestris L.)
Hassan Nourafcan Mahtab Pouyanfar Zahra Mahmoudirad

10.22034/aej.2015.520865

Mallow (Malva silvestris L.) is a valuable medicinal plant which its flower and leaf are mentioned in many pharmacopoeias as drugs with therapeutic properties. The study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the effect More

Mallow (Malva silvestris L.) is a valuable medicinal plant which its flower and leaf are mentioned in many pharmacopoeias as drugs with therapeutic properties. The study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the effect vermicompost different rates on morphological characteristics and yield components of mallow in pot conditions in 2014. Treatments were five rates of vermicompost (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg). In most of traits such as crown diameter, petiole fresh and dry weight, the root spread width, leaf number, canopy diameter, petiole length, plant dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, leaf width and length vermicompost 15 g/kg showed the greatest increment. However, application of vermicompost in 20 g/kg had better effect on leaf fresh weight. In plant fresh weight, vermicompost 15 and 20 g/kg had better effect. Vermicompost positive effect might be due to the structural characteristics and the presence of nutrients which could improve soil physicochemical properties and a positive effect on mallow growth. Using of sole bio-fertilizers or in combination with chemical fertilizers could have positive effect in medicinal plants cultivation.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - Aphidicidal activity of rosemary, ajwain, yarrow, caraway and lavender on wheat common aphid (Schizaphis graminum)
Hamideh Zamani Soleiman Jamshidi Habibollah Khodabandeh

10.22034/aej.2016.527164

Incurrent research, the aphidicidal effect of essential oils of rosemary, ajwain, yarrow, caraway and lavender on wheat common aphid (Schizaphis graminum) has been studied. Studied plants essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation method and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 a More

Incurrent research, the aphidicidal effect of essential oils of rosemary, ajwain, yarrow, caraway and lavender on wheat common aphid (Schizaphis graminum) has been studied. Studied plants essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation method and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 per thousand concentrations of essential oils were prepared. Aphids collected from wheat and broomcorn Miyaneh farms, Iran transferred to cultured wheat plants in greenhouse condition. Essential oils concentrations were poured on 10 adult wingless aphids. The mortality percentage was calculated 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Data were analyzed based on completely randomized design.  In concentration of 12 per thousand ajwan and yarrow had highest aphidicidal activity, while rosemary in 2 per thousand was more killer effect than others. Comparison of LC50 of studied plants essential oils after 24 hours showed that ajwain essential oils had more mortality effect on wheat common aphid than others. Alsso essenrial oils of yarrow, caraway and lavender had about same LC50 and rosemary was the weakest one. Essential oils of these plants could be considered as a natural pesticide for chemical pesticides replacement.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Genetic diversity in walnut anthracnose casual agent fungi, Ophiognomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Sogonov by ITS and IGS CAPS in northwest of Iran
Mahdi Mianaji hamid abdollahi solaiman jamshidi

Genetic diversity of Ophiognomonia leptostyla, walnut anthracnose casual agent in northwest of Iran was studied. 30 isolates were collected  from different regions and purified as single spore cultures. DNA extraction from fungi mycelium was carried out. The ITS-rD More

Genetic diversity of Ophiognomonia leptostyla, walnut anthracnose casual agent in northwest of Iran was studied. 30 isolates were collected  from different regions and purified as single spore cultures. DNA extraction from fungi mycelium was carried out. The ITS-rDNA region amplified  with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The IGS-rDNA region was amplified by NS1R and LR13R primers. Bands with 600 and 2300-2320 bp length were obtained in ITS and IGS amplification, respectively. Amplified fragments were digested by EcorI, HindIII, TagI, HinfI and BamHI restriction enzymes. EcorI, TagI and BamHI had no restriction site on amplified ITS region and HinfI and BamHI had no restriction site on IGS region. All isolates were grouped in four clusters based on ITS and IGS CAPS with 75% similarities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Iinsecticidal activity of tarragon essential oils and chemical pesticides reduced doses integration against green peach aphid
Payam Mianaji Soleiman Jamshidi Hassan Nourafcan

10.22034/aej.2019.665304

Green peach aphid is one of the most important pests of various agricultural products.

Green peach aphid is one of the most important pests of various agricultural products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - The effect of nettle and fenugreek seed extracts on diabetic mice
Omid Alizadeh Hassan Nourafcan Assad Assadi

10.22034/aej.2017.533432

To evaluate the effect of nettle and fenugreekseed extracts on glucose, lipid parameters and total anti-oxidative capacity, 40 male NMRI streptozotocin induced diabetic mice arranged in five groups. The treatments were included of 10 daily injectional metformin, seeds e More

To evaluate the effect of nettle and fenugreekseed extracts on glucose, lipid parameters and total anti-oxidative capacity, 40 male NMRI streptozotocin induced diabetic mice arranged in five groups. The treatments were included of 10 daily injectional metformin, seeds extracts of nettle and fenugreek and their combination in 1:4, 2:4 and 3:4 proportions, along with positive and negative controls. After 48 hours of last injection, glucose, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TAC were measured via intraventrecular blood sampling. Ecperimental treatments, especially combinational seed extracts of nettle and fenugreek in 2:4 proportion depressed blood glucose rate. Combinational extracts of 1:4 significantly decreased cholesterol rate, however, metformin and nettle seed extract increased it. Nettle seed extract and combinational extracts decreased and increased LDL, respectively. Metformin, nettle seed and combinational 2:4 extracts increased TAC. Therefore, studied extracts could be a candidate for diabetes cure and its side-effects reduction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Effect of salicylic acid on salinity stress tolerance improvement of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in greenhouse
Hassan Nourafcan

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae. In order to study the effect of different concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and salinity stress on peppermint morphological characteristics, an experiment was co More

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae. In order to study the effect of different concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and salinity stress on peppermint morphological characteristics, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with four replications. To investigate the interaction of salicylic acid and salinity stress, the following treatments were used: four NaCl concentrations of 0, 50,100 and 150 mmolL-1 and four salicylic acid 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mmolL-1. The plants were grown in pots until they grow to harvesting stage. At the end of experiments, various traits such as height of plants, number of lateral branches, node and leaf, diameter of main shoot and shad of canopy, dry and fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, length of internodes and root were measured. Plants that were under salinity stress level of 150 mmolL-1 died before end of experiments. The results showed that effects of salinity stress on number of lateral branches, number of node and leaf, shoot diameter, dry and fresh weight of shoot, length of internodes and root and fresh weight of root, SA on number of lateral branches and dry weight of shoot and their interaction on height of plants and shad of canopy were significant on peppermint. The highest suppress effect in salinity stress was obtained in 100 mmolL-1 NaCl and the effective in SA were 0.1 and 0.5 mmolL-1. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Antimicrobial ‌in vitro and in vivo potential of five lichen species on Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacearum, agents of potato rots
Farid Houshyar Soleiman Jamshidi Mohammad Sohrabi

10.22034/aej.2016.523011

Using of lichens antimicrobial potential can be one of the safe, green, environment friendly methods for plant diseases management. In this study, antimicrobial activity of acetone, methanol, chloroform extracts of Ramalina capitaat, Xanthoparmelia stenophylla, Umbilica More

Using of lichens antimicrobial potential can be one of the safe, green, environment friendly methods for plant diseases management. In this study, antimicrobial activity of acetone, methanol, chloroform extracts of Ramalina capitaat, Xanthoparmelia stenophylla, Umbilicaria cylindrical, Rhizoplaca crysoleuca and Anamylopsora pulcherrima collected from Meshgin shahr and Jolfa mountains were evaluated against two potato rot agents vic. Fusarium oxysporum and Ralstonia solanacearum in laboratory using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory and bactericide concentration methods and simulated storage conditions. Dimethyl sulfoxide solvent on paper disc was used as negative control. Positive controls were considered as %0.2 benomyl and gentamicin antibiogram discs for fungus and bacterium, respectively. There were no effect of lichens extract on above-mentioned fungus. Chlorophorm extract of R. capitata had remarkable antibacterial activity on R. solanacearum. Extracts of R. crysoleuca and R. capitata were more bacteriostatic and bactericide than others against the bacterium. The study with selected extracts in storage condition showed preventive effect of 80% of extracts on bacterium. The most protective effect was observed in methanol extract of R. chrysoleuca. Therefore, the lichen extracts would be promising biological product as a potential replacement instead of chemicals.  Manuscript profile

Current Issue

Published Issues

Menu

Browse

List of Articles Mehdi Oraei