German chamomile essential oils quality of environmental factors in three watershed areas of Arasbaran, East Azarbaijan province, Iran

Subject Areas :

Jamal  Pourfaraj ¹ (Horticultural Science Department, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran)
Mehrdad  Akbarzadeh ² (Horticultural Science Department, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran)
Shahram  Shahrokhi Khaneghah ³ (Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.)
Hassan  Nourafcan ⁴ (Horticultural Science Department, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran)

Received: 2018-02-19 Accepted : 2018-11-02 Published : 2018-10-23

Keywords:  camazulene,  chemotype,  environmental factor,  phytochemical traits,

Abstract :

Environmental factors including temperature and anticipation have critical impact on vegetative and reproductive growth as well as secondary metabolites and quantity and quality of essential oils in medicinal plants. In this study, phytochemical characteristics of German chamomilelandraces collected fromthree watershed areas of Kaleibarchai, Hajilarchai, and Mardanagim of Arasbaran, Iran was surveyed using plotting method. Foliar essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus and their yield and compositions were determined using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometer methods. On the whole, 22 components were identified in German chamomile essential oils with α-bisabolol, Camazulene, α-phellandrene, E- β-Franesol, Z-E- Feranesol, and α-bisabolol oxide as the most important identified components. High temperature and anticipation caused increasing of α-phellandrene, α-bisabolol oxide  Z-E- Feranesol in Kaleibarchai region. Also, low  anticipation in Hajilarchai increased  Camazulene and E- β-Franesol. On the other hand, low temperature in  Mardanagim increased  Camazulene and  α-bisabolol oxide in collected samples. Therefore, collection of German chamomile from Mardanagim for high amounts active medicinal ingredients is recommended.  

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