Agroecology Journal: 4 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Reaction of broomcorn and dominant weeds to some conventional herbicides
Amir Pezeshki solaeyman jamshdi mohammad ali bagestanieh meybodi

To evaluate some herbicides efficiency for broomcorn’s weeds chemical management under farm conditions, an experiment was carried out in randomized completely block design with four replications in Achachi village of Miyaneh region. The herbicides were Atrazine as More

To evaluate some herbicides efficiency for broomcorn’s weeds chemical management under farm conditions, an experiment was carried out in randomized completely block design with four replications in Achachi village of Miyaneh region. The herbicides were Atrazine as pre-plant incorporated with soil + alachlor as pre-emergence, atrazine as pre-emergence + eradicane as pre-plant incorporated with soil, 2,4-D+MCPA as post-emergence + hand weeding, foramsulfuron as post-emergence, nicosulfuron as post-emergence, alachlor as pre-emergence, nicosulfuron as post-emergence, alachlor as pre-emergence + 2,4-D MCPA as pre-emergence + hand weeding, alachlor as pre-emergence, atrazine as pre-plant, and hand weeding was considered as control. Atrazin and 2,4-D+MCPA + hand weeding of narrow-leaf weeds were not differet significantly with control. Results revealed that application of atrazin and 2,4-D MPCA + narrow-leaf hand weeding had no significant difference with hand weeding in weed control and side-effect on the crop. Despite positive effect on weed controlling, atrazine + alachlor, atrazine + eradican, alachlor, eradican and 2,4-D were phytotoxic on broomcorn. The pre-plant application method was better than pre- and post-emergence methods. Based on the results, individual application of herbicides tested was more effective than their mixing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of sowing date on the yield and yield components of two canola cultivars in Khuzestan area
Abdol Amir Rahnama

Optimal sowing date of canola is limited in south and north of Khuzestan province of Iran by rotation, water, soil and climate conditions and so determination of the relationship between yield and yield components with planting date is necessary. In order to determine t More

Optimal sowing date of canola is limited in south and north of Khuzestan province of Iran by rotation, water, soil and climate conditions and so determination of the relationship between yield and yield components with planting date is necessary. In order to determine the effect of sowing date on the yield and yield components of two canola cultivars, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on a randomize complete block design with four replications during 2004-2005. Seven planting dates were allocated to the main plots and two canola cultivars were arranged in subplots. Based on the results, delay in canola planting caused significant decrease in yield and yield components, seed germination percentage, flowering and maturity duration, plant stem height and significant increase of planting to emergence period. There was significant negative correlation between planting date and yield at %1 probability level. Optimal planting date was October 22 and results revealed decreasing trend in Hyola401 hybrid and RGS003 cultivar yield in non optimal planting dates. In conclution, planting Hyola401 during October 22 to November 12 was recommended and if it was not possible, RGS003 planting during October 22 to Novemer 22 could be advisable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of empirical desalinization models in saline soils and determining an appropriate model for north-Ahwaz area, Iran
Marouf Siosemarde fereydon kaveh ebrahim pazira hosein sedgi seead jamil ghaderi

Soil salinization and sodification caused by salt accumulation are the common phenomena that manifest in irrigated agriculture in arid and semiarid regions, and reclamation of salt-affected soils has become an important tool for improving crop production. The irrigated More

Soil salinization and sodification caused by salt accumulation are the common phenomena that manifest in irrigated agriculture in arid and semiarid regions, and reclamation of salt-affected soils has become an important tool for improving crop production. The irrigated agriculture is suffering severe secondary salinization. A large quantity of irrigated land has been abandoned due to salt accumulation which is threatening local environment and socio-economy. The aims of this research was evaluation of empirical desalinization models of saline soils, and determining the appropriate model for soil reclamation at these sites. For this purpose, two experimental areas (Sl, S2) of north-Ahwaz at Khuzestan province, Iran were selected and four treatments with three replications by series of double rings were applied. The treatments were included 25, 50, 75 and 100 cm water application. It was concluded that 87.12 and 84.54% of initial salinity in pilots S1 and S2 was removed by 100 cm water leaching at one meter layer of soil, respectively. In this study, 18 empirical models were compared by using initial and final values of electrical conductivity (EC) relation to net leaching water depth to soil depth. The results showed that cubic and exponential models were the best models with high correlation and accuracy in pilots S1 and S2, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Effect of row distances on the yield and some agronomic traits in two lines of lentil (Vicia villosa L.)
Shagayeg Sharifi Topragh Ghaleh mahmod pooryousef khoshnoud alizadeh

SinceVicia villosa is an important forage crop among forage plants in terms of cattle feeding, planting possibility in weak lands, resistance to cold, drought and grazing, as well as its role in soil fertility, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomi More

SinceVicia villosa is an important forage crop among forage plants in terms of cattle feeding, planting possibility in weak lands, resistance to cold, drought and grazing, as well as its role in soil fertility, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Iranian Dryland Agricultural Research Station in maraghehat 2007. Factors included two lines: A1v.d (2440) and A2v.d (2446), four row distances: B1 (17.5 cm), B2 (20 cm), B3 (22.5 cm) and B4 (25 cm). The results showed that 17.5 cm row distance caused the highest total dry matter weight and total seeds weight. Row distance of 22.5 cm led to the highest vegetation percent age that had significant difference with lower row distances. Fresh and dry biomass at flowering stage for 25 cm row distance were greater that 25 cm row distance, but it had no significant difference with other row distances. The greatest 1000 seeds weight was observed in 25 cm row distance, but it was only significantly different with 22.5cm row distance. Two lines had no differences in respect of all studied characteristics. Based on the results, 20 cm was considered as the best row distance to produce reliable forge at flowering stage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effects of genotype, plant density and planting pattern on the yield and yield components of canola.
Behrouz Salehi jafar mohammadi mohsen khodadadi

Effects of different densities and planting patterns on yield and yield components of three canola cultivars were studied in 2008. The experiment was a split – plot based on randomized complete block design with three cultivars (Licord, Talayeh and Modena) as the More

Effects of different densities and planting patterns on yield and yield components of three canola cultivars were studied in 2008. The experiment was a split – plot based on randomized complete block design with three cultivars (Licord, Talayeh and Modena) as the main plots and plant densities on rows (5, 12.5 and 20 cm) and sowing patterns (rectangular and zigzag forms) with a factorial arrangement as subplots. Traits were evaluated included developmental stages, silique numbers in plant, silique numbers per unit area, number of silique in branches, number of branches per plant, grain numbers in silique, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil percentage and oil yield. The results showed that the growth and development of rapeseed were less affected by density and sowing pattern in almost all treatments but every step occurrence in three cultivars tested were different. All parameters studied were affected by cultivar. Effect of plant density on the numbers of silique in plant, silique numbers per unit area, number of branches per plant, seeds per silique, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, harvest index and oil yield was significant. Effect of sowing pattern was also significant on the numbers of silique per unit area, silique numbers per branch, number of seeds per silique, grain yield. harvest index and oil yield. Interaction effects of cultivar, planting density and pattern for all traits were significant. Regarding to the effect of cultivar on yield and oil percent age, Licord and Modena, regarding to the effect of density on yield, plant distance of 5 cm on rows, regarding to the effects of sowing pattern on yield and oil percentage, planting zigzag and in interaction effects of cultivar, density and planting pattern on yield and oil percentage, (Talayeh cultivar, the plant distance of 20 cm on rows, planting pattern of zigzag, and Modena cultivar, 20 cm plant distances on rows and a rectangular planting pattern treatments were cosidered as superior, respectively. Regarding to the goal of present research, oil production, treatment of Talayeh cultivar, 20 cm plant space in rows and zigzag form plant pattern production oil (1571.85 kg. ha-1) can be recommend for production canola in this experiment Similar climative condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Shirvan area
Seyed Morteza Azimzadeh

    In order to study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat, an experiment was conducted in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan in the 2004-2005 growing season. The experiment was performed under two separated conditions using a r More

    In order to study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat, an experiment was conducted in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan in the 2004-2005 growing season. The experiment was performed under two separated conditions using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The length and width of each plot was 5 and 1.5 m, respectively. Plant density was 500 seeds per square meter in both experiments. At the early grain filling stage, leaf samples were provided from each plot to determine the leaf electrical conductivity and leaf relative water content. Number of spikes per square meter, grain weight and yield were measured after harvesting. Stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were estimated according to grain yield of any variety in both dryland and irrigated conditions. The results of combined analysis showed that  Chamran and Cross-Sabalan produced  2005 and 2310 kg/ha seed yield in irrigated condition, respectivaly that were higher than other varieties. In dryland condition, the yield of  Chamran and Cross-Sabalan were 648 and 551 Kg/ha that were higher than other varieties, as well. Cross-Sablan and Chamran also showed higher drought tolerance index compared with other varieties. Drought tolerance index in the mentioned two varieties was 6.8 and 6.6, respectively. Cross-Sabalan also showed relatively high drought susceptibility index, but Chamran showed higher drought tolerance index and lower drought susceptibility index compared to the other varieties. According to the results, two varieties of Cross-Sablan and Chamran were advisable to plant in regions with limited source of water for irrigation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Effect of different tillage methods on energy indexes and yield components of safflower
Mohammad Gholami Parshokoohi saeed seyfzadeh majid rashidi mohsen hanifi

Agricultural machineries must be chosen in such a way that provides the best condition for seed germination and root-growth through consuming less energy. In this research, the effect of different tillage methods (moldboard plow with two disks, chisel plow with two disk More

Agricultural machineries must be chosen in such a way that provides the best condition for seed germination and root-growth through consuming less energy. In this research, the effect of different tillage methods (moldboard plow with two disks, chisel plow with two disks, two disks and control (Conventional tillage) on yield and energy indexes was studied. The results showed that different tillage methods had significant effect on emergence percentage, but any significant effect in yield components was not observed. Input energy of treatments was qualitatively significant and minimum energy was related to two disks treatments with 9652 MJ. Influence of tillage methods on output energy and energy productivity was not significant. Results revealed that the maximum energy efficiency was related to tillage method with two disks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effect of different tillage methods on energy indexes and yield components of safflower
Bahram Mirshekari

Agricultural machineries must be chosen in such a way that provides the best condition for seed germination and root-growth through consuming less energy. In this research, the effect of different tillage methods (moldboard plow with two disks, chisel plow with two disk More

Agricultural machineries must be chosen in such a way that provides the best condition for seed germination and root-growth through consuming less energy. In this research, the effect of different tillage methods (moldboard plow with two disks, chisel plow with two disks, two disks and control (Conventional tillage) on yield and energy indexes was studied. The results showed that different tillage methods had significant effect on emergence percentage, but any significant effect in yield components was not observed. Input energy of treatments was qualitatively significant and minimum energy was related to two disks treatments with 9652 MJ. Influence of tillage methods on output energy and energy productivity was not significant. Results revealed that the maximum energy efficiency was related to tillage method with two disks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Evaluation of seed yield and its components in cold-region adapted ecotypes of alfalfa
Hasan Monirifar

For evaluation of seed yield and its components in Iranian cold region adapted alfalfa ecotypes and determination of suitable ecotype/ecotypes, an experiment was conducted with 25 ecotypes using  randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultu More

For evaluation of seed yield and its components in Iranian cold region adapted alfalfa ecotypes and determination of suitable ecotype/ecotypes, an experiment was conducted with 25 ecotypes using  randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Azarbayejan-e- Sharqi for four years. Significant differences were found among ecotypes for characters such as 1000 kernel weight, seed yield, length of inflorescence, number of pods and flowers per inflorescence and seeds number per pod, province of Iran plant height, non violet flowers percentage, and pod yield. This variation can be used to select superior genotypes within the valuable ecotypes to improve synthetic varieties. Based on the measured traits, cluster analysis grouped ecotypes in three clusters. Ordu-Bad ecotype produced 810 Kg/ha seeds and had the highest seed yield, and the lowest value belonged to Sahand- Ava ecotype with 259 Kg/ha. Based on the results of this research, Ordu- Bad ecotype can be introduced as a ecotype that would be useful for improving alfalfa synthetic variety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Land suitability evaluation of Tabriz landfill by simple limitation method.
Amir Yousefzadeh ebrahim Pazira mohammad hasan Masihabadi naser nazari maryam Dadgar forog Allahyaripour

   In this order to localization of sanitary landfills, the requirements of applying the studied site as a landfill were collected, and a table was designed according to FAO for determining the degree of land suitability for using as the sanitary landfill. The More

   In this order to localization of sanitary landfills, the requirements of applying the studied site as a landfill were collected, and a table was designed according to FAO for determining the degree of land suitability for using as the sanitary landfill. The data related to the quality of Tabriz’s landfill site were collected and after fitting them to the mentioned table, the degree of its suitability was specified. Based on the results of quality recognition of  the utilized site as the landfill of Tabriz, and its comparison with the necessary criteria for being sanitary (table 1), the suitability degree of the landfill of Tabriz was determined as S3 representing low suitability of the used site as Tabriz’s landfill. In conclution, the suggestions for preven surface and subterranean water resources pollution used for irrigation in agriculture using impermeable layers like geomembrane and geotextile, making  drainage system to collect the produced latex, and pumping it out of the landfill, using of evaporation ponds, separation hospitable and inhospitable wastes, separation of dry waste from wet waste in the source were recommended. Manuscript profile

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