The effect of chemical fertilizer and animal manure on Sclerotinia minor, causal agent of sunflower root and crown rot in laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal

Dorna Alilou ¹ , Soleiman Jamshidi ² , Mohammad Torabi ³

1 - دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد رشته بیماری شناسی گیاهی واحد ورامین و پیشوا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ورامین، ایران
2 - Young Researchers and Elite Club Miyaneh Branch Islamic Azad University Miyaneh, Iran
3 - گروه گیاهپزشکی واحد ورامین و پیشوا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ورامین، ایران

Received: 2016-02-21 Accepted : 2017-01-04 Published : 2017-01-20

Keywords: o sustainable agriculture, o urea, o chicken manure, o cow manure, o phosphorus fertilizer, o sclerotinia rot, o sheep manure,

Abstract :

Sclerotinia minor is one of the most important causal agents of sunflower root and crown rot in the world Iran. In current study, isolation, purification and identification of the fungus was carried out from sunflower farms at Khoy city, Iran and pathogenicity test and sclerotia propagation was done using Köhn method. The effect of 1, 5 and 10 g/L of urea and phosphorous fertilizer and 10, 15 and 20 g/L of animal manure including chicken, sheep and cow manure was studied on growth of mycelial disc and sclerotium on potato dextrose agar medium. Also, the effect of mentioned fertilizers was evaluated on disease development and some morphological traits of sunflower in greenhouse condition. Despite inhibitive effect of chemical fertilizer especially urea in laboratory conditions on fungus mycelial growth and sclerotium production, they caused higher sclerotinia disease index in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, chemical fertilizers such as urea and phorphorus fertilizer are synergic on sclerotinia disease in sunflower and replacement of animal manure specially cow and sheep manures are recommending. 

References:

1. Abdollahzadeh E, Mohammadi Goltapeh E, Rouhani H (2006) Biological control of sclerotinia stem rot (S. minor) on sunflower using Trichoderma species. Plant Pathology Journal 5(2): 228-232.


2. Al-e Agha N (1971) Crown rot of sunflower. Final Report of Research Project. Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University 83-89.


3. Asirifi KN, Morgan WC, Parbery DG, 1994. Suppression of sclerotinia soft rot of lettuce with organic soil amendments. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34(1): 131-136.


4. Astaraei A, Kouchaki A (1998) Application of Biological Fertilizers in Agriculture. Jahad-e Daneshgahi of Mashhad Publication: Mashhad.


5. Bardin SD, Huang HC (2001) Research on biology and control of sclerotinia disease in Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 23(1): 88–98. 


6. Chet I (1987) Trichoderma – application, mode of action, and potential as biocontrol agent of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. In: Innovative Approaches to Plant Disease Control, (Chet I (ed.), John Wiley & Sons: New York 137-160.


7. Clarke RG, Porter IJ, Woodroofe (1990) Potential strategies for control of sclerotinia stem rot in sunflowers. Proceedings of Australian Sunflower Association. The 7^th Workshop, Moama, Australia: Australian Sunflower Association, Queensland.


8. Dorrell DG, Huang HC (1978). Influence of sclerotinia wilt on seed yield and quality of sunflower wilted at different stages of development.  Crop Science 18(6): 974-976.


9. Fathollah Taleghani D, Sadeghzadeh S, Noushad H, Dehghanshoar M, Touhidlu G, Hamdi F (2007) Effect of different rate of manure fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet in rotation with wheat and sugar beet. Sugar Beet Journal 22(2): 62-78.


10. Ghorbani R, Wilcockson S, Leifert C (2005) Alternative treatments for late blight control in organic potato: Antagonistic micro-organisms and compost extracts for activity against Phytophthora infestance. Potato Research 48(3-4): 181-189.


11. Goldstein J (1998) Compost suppresses disease in the lab and on the fields. BioCycle 39(11): 62-64.


12. Hua ZF, Liu XM, Li Y, Li H, Zhang GJ, Zhang JH, Wang CB, Lu YX (1994) Study on integrated control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of sunflower in Jilin Province. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica 21(2): 127-134.


13. Huang HC, Erickson RS, Phillippe LM, Huang JW (2006) Control of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by soil amendment with S-H mixture or Perlka®  in bean, canola and wheat fields. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38(6): 1348-1352.


14. Irani H (1999) Etiology of sunflower crown and root rot in West Azarnaijan Province. Proceedings of the 13^th Iranian Congress of Plant Protection. Karaj, Iran. 110.


15. Khademi Z, Rezaei H, Malakouti MJ, Mohajer Milani B (2001) Rapeseed Optimum Nutrition (An Efficient Step in Quantity and Quality of Oil). Neshr-e Amouxesh-e Keshavarzi Publication: Tehran.


16. Kohn LM (1979) A monographic revision of the genus Sclerotinia. Mycotaxon 9(2): 365-444.


17. Kolte SJ (1985) Diseases of Annual Edible Oil Seed Crops. CRS Inc.: Florida.


18. Li YS, Yu CB, Liao X, Hu XJ, Xie LH, Zhang SJ, Che Z, Liao XS (2013) Influence analysis of application of NPK fertilizer on epidemics of rapeseed Sclerotinia stem rot. Chinese Journal of Crop Science 35(3): 290-294.


19. Lumsden RD (1979) Histology and physiology of pathogenesis in plant diseases caused by Sclerotinia species. Phytopathology 69(8): 890-895.


20. Mattusch P (1984) Elimination of the apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under field and glasshouse conditions. Acta Horticulrae 152: 49-56.


21. Mobasher Aghdam A, Babae Ahari A, Sokhandan N, Torabi E (2006) Study on genetics of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates collected from different hosts and regions. Proceedings of the 17^th Plant Protection Congress. Karaj, Iran.


22. Peltier AJ, Bradley CA, Chilvers MI, Malvick DK, Mueller DS, Wise KA, Esker PD (2012) Biology, Yield loss and Control of Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 3(2): 1-7.


23. Purdy LH (1979) Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: History, diseases and symptomatology, host range, geographical distribution and impacts. Phytopathology 69(8): 875-880.


24. Rousseau G, Rioux S, Dostaler D (2007) Effect of crop rotation and soil amendments on Sclerotinia stem rot on soybean in two soils. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87(3): 605-614.


25. Saharan GS, Mehta N (2008) Sclerotinia Diseases of Crop Plants: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. LXII. Springer-Verlag GmbH: Heidelberg.


26. Schmidt JP, Lamb JA, Schmitt MA, Randall GW, Orf JH, Gollany HT (2001) Soybean varietal response to liquid swine manure application. Agronomy Journal 93: 358 –363.


27. Sharma SL, Sharma RC, Sharma I (1983) Cellulase activity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stalk rot of cauliflower. Indian Journal of Mycology Plant Pathology 13(3): 286–289.


28. Singelton L, Mihail J, Andrush C (1992) Methods for Research on Soil-Borne Phytopathogenic Fungi. The American Phytopathogenical Society, Minnesota.


29. Steadman JR (1979) Control of plant diseases caused by Sclerotinia species. Phytopathology 69: 904-907.


30. Wallace SU, Blanchet R, Bounlols A, Gelfi N (1990) Influence of nitrogen fertilization on morphological development of indeterminate and determinate soybeans. Journal of Plant Nutrition 13: 1523–1537.


31. Yang L, Li G, Zhang J,  Jiang D,  Chen W (2011) Compatibility of Coniothyrium minitans with compound

fertilizer in suppression of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Biological Control 59(2): 221–227.