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Open Access Article
1 - The effect of methanol and ethanol foliar application on peppermint morpho-physiological traits
Hassan Nourafcan Zahra KalantariUsing of substances such as ethanol and methanol can be considered as a way to improve plants yield helping carbon dioxide fixation increment. The effect of methanol and ethanol spraying on growth and essential oils of peppermint has been studied in field conditions bas MoreUsing of substances such as ethanol and methanol can be considered as a way to improve plants yield helping carbon dioxide fixation increment. The effect of methanol and ethanol spraying on growth and essential oils of peppermint has been studied in field conditions based on randomized complete block design with 10 treatments including spraying with 10, 20, 30 and 40% methanol and ethanol, distilled water and no spraying.There was an enhancingeffect of ethanol and methanol spraying on most of studied traits.Methanol had positive effect on leaf number, longest lateral branch length and leaf width. Also, ethanol increased essential oils content, shoot fresh and dry weight and lateral shoot number. In general, the best treatments effecting on plant traits were ethanol 20 and 30% and methanol 10 and 30%. The highest essential oils content was observed at 10% of methanol 10 – 30% of ethanol. To foliar improvement, 30% of methanol was the most suitable treatment. Therefore,with economic and availability considerations, methanol would be recommendable formore essential oils contentachievement. Also, for the best peppermint business performance, 30% methanol could be applicable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Introduction of cotton hybrids and promising cultivars in Moghan region, Iran
Seyed yaghub Seyed Masoumi Omran AlishshRecognition and using of appropriate cultivars in production process and quantitative and qualitative improvementof crops yield have a special impact. In this research, nine imported cotton genotypes including hybrids and promising cultivars along with Varaminas convent MoreRecognition and using of appropriate cultivars in production process and quantitative and qualitative improvementof crops yield have a special impact. In this research, nine imported cotton genotypes including hybrids and promising cultivars along with Varaminas conventional cultivar were evaluated based on randomized complete block design with four replications in Moghanregion for one year. In each plot,cotton genotypes were planted in sixlines with 8 meter length at intervals of 20 × 80 cm. Quantitative traits such as plant height, boll number and weight, one week before harvest and yield, early maturity were recorded after harvesting. G-43347 and G-43259 cultivars with average yield of 4785 and 4625 kg/ha, respectively had the highest yield and G-43347 and Opal cultivars with 84 and 83% early maturity, respectivelywere the most early maturingcultivars. Therefore, G-43347 and Opal cultivarswould be suitable candidates to be replaced for current conventional cultivars in Moghan region. Varamincultivar as check 71% early maturity and yield of 3992 kg/ha could not compete with new studied cultivar emphasizing using G-43347 and Opal cultivarsin this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Allelopathic potential of sugar beet and rapeseed residue on field bindweed in greenhouse condition
Behrouz Babaeinejad Alireza Dadkhah Jafar Alboghbeish Majid RostamiTo determinethe allelopathic effects of sugar beet and rapeseed residue aqueous extractsin concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w/v)on germination and initial growth of field bindweed, an experiment was carried based on completely randomized design with four repl MoreTo determinethe allelopathic effects of sugar beet and rapeseed residue aqueous extractsin concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w/v)on germination and initial growth of field bindweed, an experiment was carried based on completely randomized design with four replications at Complex Higher Education of Shirvan, Iran during 2013. The sugar beet and rapeseed extracts caused significant inhibition on germination percentage and rate, plumule and radicle length and dry weight of filed bindweed. The highest inhibitory effect on germination percentage of bindweed was observed in equal or more than 10% sugar beet aqueous extract. The inhibition of rapeseed aqueous extracts on filed bindweed germination rate was higher than of germination percentage. So that, in the highest concentration, germination rate decreased to 34.8% compared to control. Radicle affected more than plumule from 5% of sugar beet and rapeseed residue extracts, decreasing field bindweed radicle length up to 75 and 47.5% plumule lengthup to 40.5 and 19.5% compared to control in sugar beet and rapeseed, respectively. Inhibitive effect of sugar beet and rapeseed residueextracts at a concentration of 5% on the plumule dry weight was morethan of radicle. Plumule dry weight of bindweed decreased by aqueous extract of sugar beet and rapeseed by 49.6 and 52.1%, and root dry weight by 9.4 and 28.2% compared to control, respectively. Thus, residue of sugar beet and rapeseed has high potential in control of filed bindweed, recommending for reduction of herbicides and weed management in sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Effect of spring planting date on morpho-physiological traits of safflower genotypes in Kermanshah, Iran
Mohammad Aref Tabad Bashir Ayobnejadegan Jermi Zanyar Kohnepooshi Masomeh Asadi GakiehThe current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing date on morpho-physiological traits of safflower genotypes in spring planting. The experiment was carried out in split-plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications. Sowing dates of MoreThe current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing date on morpho-physiological traits of safflower genotypes in spring planting. The experiment was carried out in split-plot based on randomized complete block design in three replications. Sowing dates of March 21, April 04 and 19 and cultivars including Arak 2811, Esfahan landrace, Goldasht and Sina assigned in main and sub plots, respectively. The traits of dry weight at vegetative, budding, and flowering stages, relative growth rate, plant height, branches number per plant, boll number per plant, seednumber per boll, 100 seed weight, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were measured. The effect of planting date was significant on all studied traits but seed number per boll, 100 seed weight and harvest index. The sowing date of March 21 and April 04had the highest and the lowest yield, respectively. The interaction of planting date in genotypes was significant for traits of dry weight at vegetative, budding and flowering stages, and relative growth rate. Sina and Arak 2811 cultivars had the highest and thelowest yield, respectively. The highest positive significant correlation was between biological and seed yield. Also, there was a negative significant correlationbetween relative growth rate and seed yield, indicating the role of these physiological traits on safflower seed yield. Therefore, planting of Sina cultivar of safflower on March 21 is recommending in Kermanshah climate condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Induced resistance in take-all infected wheat using methyl jasmonate and Glomus spp.
Ahmad Baneshi Seddiqe MohammadiTake-all is one of the most important wheat soil-borne diseases caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis. The research objective was determination of Glomus spp. and methyl jasmonate effect on resistance induction of wheat take-all infected seedlings.The experiment was carried MoreTake-all is one of the most important wheat soil-borne diseases caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis. The research objective was determination of Glomus spp. and methyl jasmonate effect on resistance induction of wheat take-all infected seedlings.The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design in factorial with 32 treatments and three replications in greenhouse condition.The factors were presence or absence of pathogen, mycorrhizal fungi species including Glomus intraradices, G. mosseaeand G. hoi inoculation and methyl-jasmonate added in four concentrationsof 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.5mM. Induced resistance factors were added to surrounding soil in seedling stage and total phenol were measured after 24 and 120 hours inoculation.Total phenolactivity in healthy plants was more than infected and induced plant in most of the treatments. Total phenol in infected seedling after 120 hours was more than in 24 hours with all induced resistance factor. However, healthy seedlings had more total phenol after 24 and 120 hours. Application of G. intraradicesalong with 1.5mM of methyl jasmonate had the greatest impact on induced resistance. Therefore, it is recommended to be used as fertilizer for resistance inducing to take all disease in wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Identification of Fusarium species associated with wheat, barley and corn in West Azarbaijan Province, Iran
Nabi Khezrinejad Younes Rezae DaneshFusarium is the soil born fungus which is very economically important and includes several plant pathogenic species infecting a wide range of different plants including geramineous ones. In this research, diversity of Fusarium species associated with wheat, barley and c MoreFusarium is the soil born fungus which is very economically important and includes several plant pathogenic species infecting a wide range of different plants including geramineous ones. In this research, diversity of Fusarium species associated with wheat, barley and corn was studied morphologically. The infected or suspected crown, root and stem of plants were collected from different area of West Azarbaijan Province, Iran. For isolation, the growth media of PDA, NS and DCPA were used. After purification, to make sporulation, microconodium chain and chlamydospore production, different media cultures were used. Identification was conducted using morphological and morphometrical characteristics on especial media cultures and conditionsusing diagnostic keys. Totally, 11species including Fusariumacuminatum, F. bactridiodes, F. chlamydosporum, F. compactum, F. culmorom, F. coeruleum, F. flocciferum,F. nygamai, F. oxyporum, F. polyphialidicum, and F. solaniwere identified. The most species diversity belonged to barley, wheat and corn, respectively. F. polyphialidicum, F. bactridiodesand F. coeruleumare new reports for mycoflora of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Effect of planting pattern on yield and yield components of rapeseed cv. Zarfam
Basir Samadi Firoozabad Ebrahim Farahani Gholam Reza NaderiTo determine the best planting pattern of rapeseed cv. Zarfam, an experiment was carried out during two years of 2010 and 2011 at Agricultural Research Station of Varamin, Iran. The experiment was in split-plot design based on complete randomized block with 12 treatment MoreTo determine the best planting pattern of rapeseed cv. Zarfam, an experiment was carried out during two years of 2010 and 2011 at Agricultural Research Station of Varamin, Iran. The experiment was in split-plot design based on complete randomized block with 12 treatments and four replications. The main plots included four planting methods including one or two rows on furrow with 60 or 50 cm spacing and the sub plots included three seed rates of 6, 8 and 10 kg/ha. Combined analysis showed that interaction between planting methods and seed rates was significant on day to germinate, day of ripening, and number of silique per plant and weight of 1000 seed. Planting method of one row on furrow with 60 cm spacingcaused longest period of crop maturity, number of pod per plant, number of seed per silique, 1000 seed weightand oil percentage.Seed rate up to 8 kg had proper resultsandincreasing the number of rows and reducing space between caused decrement in yield and yieldcomponents.The method of one row planting on furrow with 60 cm spacing had the most seed number in silique and oil percentage. Also, 60 cm spacing on one row and 8 kg/ha seed rate had suitable effect on most of the studied traits would be recommendable for rapessed cv. Zarfam in this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The effect of chemical fertilizer and animal manure on Sclerotinia minor, causal agent of sunflower root and crown rot in laboratory and greenhouse conditions
Dorna Alilou Soleiman Jamshidi Mohammad TorabiSclerotinia minor is one of the most important causal agents of sunflower root and crown rot in the world Iran. In current study, isolation, purification and identification of the fungus was carried out from sunflower farms at Khoy city, Iran and pathogenicity test and MoreSclerotinia minor is one of the most important causal agents of sunflower root and crown rot in the world Iran. In current study, isolation, purification and identification of the fungus was carried out from sunflower farms at Khoy city, Iran and pathogenicity test and sclerotia propagation was done using Köhn method. The effect of 1, 5 and 10 g/L of urea and phosphorous fertilizer and 10, 15 and 20 g/L of animal manure including chicken, sheep and cow manure was studied on growth of mycelial disc and sclerotium on potato dextrose agar medium. Also, the effect of mentioned fertilizers was evaluated on disease development and some morphological traits of sunflower in greenhouse condition. Despite inhibitive effect of chemical fertilizer especially urea in laboratory conditions on fungus mycelial growth and sclerotium production, they caused higher sclerotinia disease index in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, chemical fertilizers such as urea and phorphorus fertilizer are synergic on sclerotinia disease in sunflower and replacement of animal manure specially cow and sheep manures are recommending. Manuscript profile
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