Agroecology Journal: 2 (2)

Open Access Article

1 - Effect of tillage method and wheat residual management on some soil properties and grain corn yield in Kerman, Iran
Farzad Azadshahraki hormoz nagavi Hamid najafinejad

Managements of tillage and plant residual effect on some soil properties and consequently yield was studied. The goal of this research was to compare the effect of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage systems and the effect of wheat residues on some soil More

Managements of tillage and plant residual effect on some soil properties and consequently yield was studied. The goal of this research was to compare the effect of conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no tillage systems and the effect of wheat residues on some soil properties and corn grain yield in the subsequent year. For this purpose, four tillage treatments and two wheat residual managements were selected at Kerman Research Farm Station (Shahid Zendeh Rooh). Tillage treatments were: 1. conventional tillage (CT), 2. minimum tillage (RT), 3. no tillage and planting at the top of furrows (NT1) and 4. no tillage and planting on the base of furrows (NT2). Wheat residual managements were: 1. preservation of previous year wheat residues in the farm and 2. gathering pervious year wheat residues. This experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three reapplications. Soil organic carbon (OC), bulk density (BD) and soil cone index, height of plant, yield and yield components were measured during the experiment. The results showed that OC in CT and RT treatments became minimum and reached to maximum in NT1 and NT2 treatments. The treatments had not any significant effects on BD. Soil cone index in CT treatment was the lowest and increased in RT and became maximum in NT1 and NT2 treatments. Grain yield was high in RT (13.99 ton/ha).The lowest yield was measured in NT1 and NT2 (10.59 and 9.99 ton/ha), respectively. Yield components (rows in ear and 1000 kernel weight) were not affected by the different treatments. It seems that application of the treatments could be efficient on more soil properties in a long term for corn cultivation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of Chloro Cholin Chloride (CCC) and spraying time on yield, physiological traits and antioxidant enzyme activity of corn (Zea mays cv. Sc 704)
Mohammad Nabi Ilkaee davoud habibi farzad paknejad naser khodabandeh massoud aliakbar bojar fateameh sedigi

Aim of this research was evaluation of Chloro  Cholin Chloride (CCC) and  spraying time effects on physiological traits and activation of some atioxidant enzymes in corn (cv. 704) under drought stress. This research carried out using a split- split plot in bas More

Aim of this research was evaluation of Chloro  Cholin Chloride (CCC) and  spraying time effects on physiological traits and activation of some atioxidant enzymes in corn (cv. 704) under drought stress. This research carried out using a split- split plot in based of a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication in the research field of the Azad university in Karaj branch (Mahdasht) in 2007. Normal irrigation and drought stress (irrigation withhold after anthesis) allocated to main plots, treatments of spraying concentrations (0 and 1.5 Lit/ha) to sub plots and spraying time at (6 leaf stages and 15 days later on) to sub-sub plots. Results showed that drought stress effect on cytoplasm membrane stability, activity of Glutation oxidaze and  Super oxide dismotase (SOD) enzymes (p≤1%) and also  grain yield and Catalaze enzyme activity (p≤5%) was significant. The CCC application with concentration of 1.5 Lit/ha on yield and relative water content (RWC) (p≤5%) and antioxidant enzyme activity (p≤1%) was significant. Amount of  RWC for CCC treatments (65.5%) compared to the control (60.6%) showed significant differents.The grain yield for CCC treatments (10.7 ton/ha) was significantly higher than control (9.1 ton/ha). SOD activity for CCC (1740.5 mg. pico mol) was also significantly higher than the control (888.1 mg. pico mol). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Effect of drought stresses on the physiological traits of hull-less barley (Hordeum sativum L.) in Eghlid region, Fars province, Iran
Ali Reza Bagheri hojatollah Mazaheri Laghab

In the most arid and semi-arid regions, the growth and production of cereals are reduced due to drought and salinity stresses. Indeed, barley is a reliable crop for there conditions. At the moment, barley and hulles barley genotypes are being investigate to overcome the More

In the most arid and semi-arid regions, the growth and production of cereals are reduced due to drought and salinity stresses. Indeed, barley is a reliable crop for there conditions. At the moment, barley and hulles barley genotypes are being investigate to overcome the problems. In this study, four hull-less barley genotypes (UH3, U46M, EHM81-12 and CM67) were grown  in Research Station of Eghlid Islamic Azad University under drought stress for two years (2006 and 2007). Four water supply treatments (irrigating after the soil moisture potential reached -.0.5 bar (control), 1.5 bar, -3 and -5 bar) were applied. The experimental design was a split plot in which drought treatments was arranged in the main plots and genotypes in subplots, based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The measured characteristics were photosynthetic rate, respiration rate, chlorophyll content, amount of ABA and proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxides (POX) activity in flag leaves. Variance analysis showed that drought. Stress decreased chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis rate, but stress increased Pox, SOD, ABA and proline contents as the respiration rate. In general, the UH3 genotype showed as well the lowest photosynthetic rate and ABA content, highest respiration rate and CM67 was in contrast. Indeed, CM67 was tolerant and UH3 was susceptible to drought stress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of different planting dates on yield of different medicinal flax cultivars
Mohammad Mahdi Rahimi goeban normohammadi

In order to determine the optimum planting date of different medicinal flax cultivates, a split plot experiment with completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and four replications were conducted at the experimental field of Yasooj Islamic Azad University. T More

In order to determine the optimum planting date of different medicinal flax cultivates, a split plot experiment with completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and four replications were conducted at the experimental field of Yasooj Islamic Azad University. The treatments were composed of four different combinations of sowing dates ((Feb. 20, Mar. 6, Mar. 21, and Apr. 4) and three flax cultivars (Somaco, India, and Foster). The measured traits were: plant height, 1000-kernel weight, harvest index, grain yield, biological yield, leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate. The results showed that there was a significant effect for various sowing dates for the plant height, biological yield, relative growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, leaf area index, grain yield, 1000-kernel weight and harvest index. Besides, the analysis of variance showed that there was a significant effect of genotypes for the plant height, biological yield, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index and grain yield. According to the results of the experiment, the first sowing date (Feb. 20) and Somaco cultivar are considered as a reliable sowing date and well performance variety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of pulsing and continuous treatments of chemical preserving solutions on increasing the vase life and quality of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L., cv.Yellow Candy)
Masoud Zadehbagheri anita namayandeh mohammadreza solati shurangiz javanmardi

Carnations are one of the most common cut flowers in many countries and have economic importance in the floriculture industry. Their vase life duration could be increased by some methods. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of some chemical solutions on cut c More

Carnations are one of the most common cut flowers in many countries and have economic importance in the floriculture industry. Their vase life duration could be increased by some methods. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of some chemical solutions on cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) after harvest using a factorial statistical design based on a completely random blocks (factor A: chemical treatments with eight levels including, control, sucrose, HQC350 & 500 mg L-1, salicylic acid 300 & 400 mg L-1, Calcium acetate 2 & 3 mmol L-1 and factor B: duration of treatment application with 4 levels including 7, 14, 21 and continuous hours) and with three replications and evaluation of vase life, fresh weight, water absorption and appearance quality of the flowers. The results of variance analysis showed that chemical treatments had a significant effect on the studied characteristics. The period for solution intake was also significant regarding the studied characteristics (except water absorption). The effect of interaction of the type of solution and time of solution intake was significant for all characteristics. The results of mean comparison showed that Calcium acetate 2ml had the highest effect on the shelf life of the flower and the 8-HQC500 had the most effect on the fresh weight of the flowers. Its apparent quality and finally the 8-HQC350 treatment had the most effect on the flower's water absorption. Salicylic acid also had a beneficial effect on increasing the quality of cut carnations. The pulsing treatment had the highest effect on most of the studied characteristics after a 7-hour solution intake. Generally, the role of Calcium acetate on improving the quality of cut carnations is due to its effect on postponing and deactivating some destructive and physiologic processes with the help of Calcium. Moreover, the HQC treatments, due to its anti-microbial effect, revents the accumulation of micro-organisms in xylem vascular tissues and therefore prevents their obstruction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effects of cutting height of main plant on the ratooning traits of different varieties in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Hamed Firozpouri hamidreza mobasser salman dastan reza yadi abas ganbarimalidarreh

In order to evaluate cutting height of the main plant on the ratooning traits of different varieties in rice, an experiment was carried out in 2006. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were fou More

In order to evaluate cutting height of the main plant on the ratooning traits of different varieties in rice, an experiment was carried out in 2006. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were four varieties and lines including Sang Tarom, Tarom Hashemi, Tarom Dylamani cultivars and Irton line and sub-plots were three cutting height of ground cutting, standing (cutting at 40 cm height) and lodging stubble (cutting at 40 cm height). Results showed that the highest plant height, panicle length, number of tiller per hill and grain yield of ratoon were obtained for the Sang Tarom. The reason of highest grain yield in this variety was the increasing panicle length and increased number of tillers per hill. The greatest number of spikelets per panicle was obtained on Tarom Hashemi. The highest plant height and number of tiller per hill was observed at standing method. The lodging stubble method had the highest panicl length, percentage of filled spikelet and 1000 grains weight. The greatest flag leaf length, number of panicle per m2, number of spikelets per panicle and ratoon grain yield were observed in the ground cutting method. The number of spikelets per panicle had positive correlation with grain yield and the grain yield had negative correlation with tiller number at α=%1 level of probability. The results showed that the highest of ratoon grain yield was obtained in Sang Tarom varietiy through lodging stubble method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Faunistic survey and population fluctuations of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as predators of pests of rice fields in Mazandaran, Iran
Hassan Ghahari mehrdad Tabari abolfazl Rashidi hamireza Mohebbi

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are one of the important predators in different agroecosystems. Considering the importance of ants in predating and feeding at different life stages of pests, fauna and population fluctuation of these beneficial insects were studied in ric More

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are one of the important predators in different agroecosystems. Considering the importance of ants in predating and feeding at different life stages of pests, fauna and population fluctuation of these beneficial insects were studied in rice fields of Mazandaran province. Of the faunistic survey, totally 15 species of ants were collected and identified from the paddy fields in Mazandaran province. The results of population fluctuations on the stubbles of three varieties including, Fajr, Khazar and Nemat indicated that the ants' population density was higher on Fajr than the two other varieties, and there was not a significant difference between Khazar and Nemat. Samplings from 11 September to 15 November 2005 indicated that the population density increased until last October and then decreased gradually; the highest density was obtained in 30 October. The means comparison revealed the significant reciprocal effect of "sampling date × rice variety" on population density of ants "P<0.01". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effect of three post-emergence herbicides and cultivation on weed management in silage corn fields
Farid Lotfi Mavi alireza Shayestenia jahanfar Daneshian amin moradiagdam

The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications to evaluate of the best combination of herbicides and cultivation in silage corn fields in Miyaneh region in the summer of 2009. Treatments were c More

The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications to evaluate of the best combination of herbicides and cultivation in silage corn fields in Miyaneh region in the summer of 2009. Treatments were cultivation (with or without it), herbicides (Foramsulfuron, Nicosulfuron and 2,4-D+MCPA) and hand weeding. Weeds were sampled in three stages during growing season after treatment applications and weed density and weed dry weight were recorded. The results indicated that herbicide treatments were significantly influenced in weeds density and dry weight at 1% probability level. The most effective herbicide for weeds density and weeds dry weight decreasing percentage was Foramsulfuron which was significantly different from other herbicides. The lowest weed density and weed dry weight were observed in 2,4-D+MCPA treatment. Cultivation was significantly effective on weeds density and weed dry weight. Therefore, chemical control along with cultivation could result in weeds depression and crop yield enhancement. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Genetic diversity in walnut anthracnose casual agent fungi, Ophiognomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Sogonov by ITS and IGS CAPS in northwest of Iran
Mahdi Mianaji hamid abdollahi solaiman jamshidi

Genetic diversity of Ophiognomonia leptostyla, walnut anthracnose casual agent in northwest of Iran was studied. 30 isolates were collected  from different regions and purified as single spore cultures. DNA extraction from fungi mycelium was carried out. The ITS-rD More

Genetic diversity of Ophiognomonia leptostyla, walnut anthracnose casual agent in northwest of Iran was studied. 30 isolates were collected  from different regions and purified as single spore cultures. DNA extraction from fungi mycelium was carried out. The ITS-rDNA region amplified  with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The IGS-rDNA region was amplified by NS1R and LR13R primers. Bands with 600 and 2300-2320 bp length were obtained in ITS and IGS amplification, respectively. Amplified fragments were digested by EcorI, HindIII, TagI, HinfI and BamHI restriction enzymes. EcorI, TagI and BamHI had no restriction site on amplified ITS region and HinfI and BamHI had no restriction site on IGS region. All isolates were grouped in four clusters based on ITS and IGS CAPS with 75% similarities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Study the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in intercropping system
Rouhollah Naderi abodlkarim kashi morteza Samdaliri

In order to study the interaction effect of cucumber and okra in intercropping culture, an experiment was carried out in Nowshar in 2008. This experiment was done as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments we More

In order to study the interaction effect of cucumber and okra in intercropping culture, an experiment was carried out in Nowshar in 2008. This experiment was done as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were  planting patterns (sole cropping of okra or cucumber, okra was intercropped within cucumber rows, okra was intercropped between cucumber rows and okra was intercropped within and between cucumber rows), and planting distances (20, 30 and 40 cm inter-row spaces). In this experiment, yield and yield component, calcium, potassium, nitrogen and phosphor content and vegetative characteristics were measured. Results showed that in the cucumber plant, intercropping increased calcium content by 19%, potassium content by 12%, yield hectare-1 by 12%, and it reduced nitrogen content by 12%, number of branches per plant by 23% and leaf area by 15% compared to sol cropped cucumber. In okra plant, intercropping increased phosphor content by 3%, nitrogen content by16%, leaf area by41%, fresh weight of plant by 26% and it reduced calcium content by 8% compared to sol cropped okra.The interaction effects between planting patterns and planting density were significant for yield and yield components of cucumber but, it was significant only for yield of okra plant. The land equivalent ratios were all above 1.00, and the highest LER of 2.15 were obtained when okra was planted between and within cucumber rows at medium planting densities. The results of this experiment showed a kind of compatibility and conformity between cucumber and okra plants, may be due to their, physiological and botanical characteristics and favorite ecological factors that could cause an increased cucumber and okra plants yield. Manuscript profile

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