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Open Access Article
1 - Multiresidue determination of organophosphorus pesticides in corn oil using solid-phase extraction with lanthanum silicate sorbent and gas chromatography
Syed w. Husain Vahid kiarostami Mohsen Morravati M.R Tagebakhsh Ali Roozbahani -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of vermicompost on Phosphorus adsorption in calcareous soils compared to other organic amendments
Fatemeh Bagvand Mahboubeh Zarabi Shahriar Mahdavi Mahsa AsarihaOrganic amendments are used in soils, with a goal of improving soil properties such as fertility and nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of vermicompost, on the phosphorus (P) isotherm, phosphorous buffering capacity (PBC) and standard MoreOrganic amendments are used in soils, with a goal of improving soil properties such as fertility and nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of vermicompost, on the phosphorus (P) isotherm, phosphorous buffering capacity (PBC) and standard phosphorus requirements (SPR) with more commonly used sheep manure, poultry manure and grape waste in five vineyard calcareous soil of Malayer area in Hamadan province. Organic amendments were added to soils at the rate of 2 % and the samples were incubated for one month at 25±2 ᵒC and field capacity. Isotherm experiments in treated and control soils were carried out by concentrations of P ranging from 0 to 200 mg kg-1 of KH2PO4 in the presence of 0.01 M CaCl2. Phosphorus sorption curves were well fitted to the Freundlich and Van-Hay equations. Incorporation of organic amendments increased soils available P, and decreased Kf constant, PBC and SPR in treated soils. The SPR average of control soils were 17.1 mg kg-1, while in treated soils ranged from 9.3 to 14.5 mg kg-1. The PBC average of treated soils, with vermicompost, sheep manure, poultry manure and grape waste decreased 41.0, 37.9, 29.9 and 21.6 % than PBC average of control soils, respectively. The results indicated that conventional soil amendments such as sheep manure and poultry manure in vineyard soil can be replaced with vermicompost, an organic fertilizer with low salinity and natural pH which increases P availability in soil. We suggest further studies on P leaching from vermicompost treated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Reducing nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural drainage using constructed wetland systems and open drains
Ali Afrous Abdolmajid LiaghatConservation of quality of the available water resources is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Using constructed wetlands system for treatment of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater has attracted many attentions worldwide. Thus the dir MoreConservation of quality of the available water resources is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Using constructed wetlands system for treatment of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater has attracted many attentions worldwide. Thus the direct discharge of wastewater contamination into water resources via chemical nutrients is prevented. Given the aquatic plants grown naturally in agricultural open drains, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the open drains as the natural wetland systems for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus from the agricultural return flows. In this study, first in a laboratory scale, removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus (in three replicates with concentration levels of 30 and 10 mg/l for both N and P) and four retention times (0.75, 1.5, 3.5 and 7 days) in constructed wetland systems containing two aquatic plant species (Phragmites australis and latifolia Typha) were studied and compared to a control system. The results showed that the system containing Phragmites australis has highest N and P removal efficiency. In the second stage in a field surveying in the range of 1000 m length of open drainage path and 200 m intervals, both drainage N and P concentrations were measured. The results indicated that concentrations of these two pollutants were reduced along with the open drain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Super Absorbent Polymer Effects on some Chemical and Physical Properties of Soil and Nutrients Releasing from Manure in Different Humidity Levels
Elnaz Azizvand Elnaz Sabbaghe taze Maryam Haji rasouliBackground and Objective: Considering the limited water resources and organic matter deficiency in Iran, joint application of super absorbent polymer and organic manure can be effective option to improve soil physical and chemical properties, fertility and maintenause o MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the limited water resources and organic matter deficiency in Iran, joint application of super absorbent polymer and organic manure can be effective option to improve soil physical and chemical properties, fertility and maintenause of water storage. The purpose of this study was investigation the effect of super absorbent polymer on the amount of releasing of nutrients from manure in low humidity levels. Method: An experiment was conducted in a factorial form based on a completely randomized design with 18 treatments and three replications. The first factor was amendment type and amount including six levels consists of a) no amendment (C), b) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2 % W/W (AS0.2), g) super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/W (AS0.4), d) manure in rate of 2%W/W (M), m) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W (AS0.2+M), h) combination of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W (AS0.4+M). The second factor was humidity with three levels including 80 % (h1), 70% (h2) and 60% (h3) of field capacity. Findings: Results showed that application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W was more effective in improving chemical soil properties such as increasing available phosphorus, available potassium, field capacity and cation exchange capacity and decreasing available sodium. In most cases there was not significant difference between super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W and super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.4% W/Wand manure in rate of 2% W/W. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarded to results it can be suggested that joint application of super absorbent polymer in rate of 0.2%W/W and manure in rate of 2%W/W was the best treatment in low humidity levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effects of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Chemical forms of Lead and cadmium in Two Different Textural Soils
sahar sharifi shokoofeh rezaei Ali Khanmirzaei fardBackground and Objective: One of the promising tools for evaluating heavy metals bioavailability in the environment is the knowledge of their partitioning among the various soil constituents. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the changes of chemica MoreBackground and Objective: One of the promising tools for evaluating heavy metals bioavailability in the environment is the knowledge of their partitioning among the various soil constituents. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the changes of chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) under the influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the soil. Material and Methodology: Phosphorus (KH2PO4), Cd(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 simultaneously were introduced into the soil to promote the contamination and formation of phosphate minerals of added metals in two selected soils. After two months the soils were inoculated with two Enterobacter species and incubated for 3 months. A single (DTPA) and sequential extraction scheme were applied to determine the chemical forms of Cd and Pb 5, 25, 60 and 90 days after incubation. Findings: The results revealed that DTPA extractable Cd and Pb were decreased in the presence of the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Soluble+ exchangeable Cd fraction was decreased whereas, the fractions associated with organic matter and oxides were increased in inoculated soils during the incubation time. In the other hand Soluble+ exchangeable and carbonate fractions of Pb were increased and organic matter and oxides associated Pb fractions were decreased in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Carbonate and oxides associated are the abundant Cd and Pb fractions in studied soil. Discussion and Conclusion: Although the Cd and Pb chemical fractions were affected in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, but two metals contradictory were differ in behavior in the studied soils. Indeed, the destination of added metals in the soil in the presence of microbes may be different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effective removal of phosphorus from sewage using a modified biological method
Feyzollah Paserh S. Mahdi Borghei seyyed nezameddin hosseini Amirhossein JavidAbstract Background and Objective: Proper management of sewage is one of the most important environmental issues, organic matter and nutrients, including phosphorus compounds, are the potential pollutants of the receiving waters. Release of phosphorus from municipal was MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Proper management of sewage is one of the most important environmental issues, organic matter and nutrients, including phosphorus compounds, are the potential pollutants of the receiving waters. Release of phosphorus from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent to the environment is one of the main reasons for the phenomenon of the Eutrophication. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amount of nutrients and organic matter in wastewater of Yasouj city and efficient removal of nutrients such as total phosphorus by modified Bardenpho system. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. The sampling method as Composite Sampling and study population was samples of treatment system input (after screening system) and output of treatment system (after sedimentation). In order to identify of affecting factors on phosphorus removal use of modified Bardenpho pilot. The amount of nitrate, total phosphate, COD and BOD5 removal for 9 months was evaluated. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS software (version 16). Findings: According to the results, the average of input COD in system (674.55±228.54), input phosphorous (21.26±4.8), input nitrate (25.91±19.63), input BOD (378/33±106/66) mg per liter and the input pH (7.22±0.35). There is a significant Relationship between the input COD and percentage of phosphorus removal (P.value=0/004), but there is not significant relationship between the pH input and phosphorus removal percentage (P.value=0.339). Most phosphorus removal was observed in Solids Retention Time (SRT) of 15 days (69.72%). Internal recycle of 200 percent (68/96%) showed the highest percentage of phosphorous removal. Discussion and Conclusion: According to obtained information, the optimum conditions for phosphorus removal showed SRT =15, HRT =0/5-1 in anaerobic tank, the internal recycle percentage of 200%, recycled activated sludge (75%) and keep the DO =2-3. Therefore, for removal of phosphorus addition of physical and chemical methods can use of modified biological processes. In this systems, by replacing of an anaerobic stage at the beginning of the process, improve phosphorus removal. This method can be a good alternative to treatment plants with activated sludge system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Photodegradation of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in Aqueous Solution under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation Conditions using Babolrood River Water
Seyed-Ali Sobhanian Abbas Ahmadi Babak Nahri-Niknafs -
Open Access Article
8 - Diastereoselective Synthesis of Stable Phosphorus Yields by a Three-Component Reaction between Ph3P and Acetylenic Esters in the Presence of Hydrazine Derivatives
Safa Ali-Asgari Seyyed Javad Hosseini Khalil Pourshamsian Mohammad Bagheri Ehsan Naghizadeh -
Open Access Article
9 - Production and Characterization of AAO/Ni-P Hybrid Coating on Aluminum Alloy and Evaluation of its Corrosion Behavior
M Mohammad Khalaf M Razazi Boroujeni -
Open Access Article
10 - Determination of residual concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides in surface and groundwater sources supplying drinking water of Tehran city
سهراب Imani E. Dezfouli Shila Goldasteh reza vafaie K. LarijaniPollution of water resources by increased use of pesticides is one of the environmental problems. The aim of present research is the determination of residual Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in surface and groundwater resources of Tehran city (2018). 12 samples were taken fro MorePollution of water resources by increased use of pesticides is one of the environmental problems. The aim of present research is the determination of residual Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos in surface and groundwater resources of Tehran city (2018). 12 samples were taken from 6 water source stations in 3 geographical regions on Tehran city. we designed new experiments to evaluate the rate of decomposition of pesticides in water, consider the two states of stagnant and current water, each sample was impregnated with 3 Liters of water with 50 mg/L, the active ingredient of the formulation of each of the pesticides studied, then the extraction method was performed at intervals of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. The liquid-liquid extraction method was used and residual pesticides measurement was accomplished by GC/ NPD. In the stagnant water samples of all the stations, the results of the mean concentration of 3 replicates show a decreasing trend of the residual concentration of the pesticides in over time, but in the 25th day of extraction, the residual amount of pesticides did not reach zero, but in the current water samples, the results showed that the residual concentration of the pesticides was not measurable from the 15th to the 25th day of extraction. The simulation of the current state of the water using the aquarium pump is likely to increased oxidation of pesticides has increased their rate of degradation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Leaf Chlorophyll Changes and Morphological Features of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Cultivars by P-Zn Ratios in Greenhouse Condition
Anise Jorfi Mojtaba Alavifazel Abdolali Gilani Mohammad Reza Ardakani -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of Different Concentrations of Paclobutrazol on Increasing Tolerance of Sugarcane (CP48-103 variety) to Winter Conditions in the Southern Region of Ahvaz (South West of Iran)
Hashem Salehi Tayeb Sakinejad -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of Vinasse Application on Germination and Absorption of Some Macro Elements by Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Ramila Bezian Kamran Mohsenifar Ali Gholami -
Open Access Article
14 - Evaluation Impact of Different Irrigation Regime and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat
Morteza Mohamadi Kamran Mohsenifar Abdolali Gilani -
Open Access Article
15 - Effect of Different Concentrations of Paclobutrazol on Increasing Tolerance of Sugarcane (CP48-103 variety) to Winter Conditions in the Southern Region of Ahvaz (South West of Iran)
Hashem Salehi -
Open Access Article
16 - Response of Morphological Traits and Seed Protein Content of Bread Wheat to Apply Different Level of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers
Reza Dashtbozorgi Shahram Lack -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating Effect Different Level of Fertilizer, Biofertilizer and Sugarcane Compost on Agrophysiological Characteristics of Maize (S.C 703)
Akbar Talebzadeh Keyvan Marashi -
Open Access Article
18 - Determining the Effect of Different Level of Fertilizer and Tuber Weight on Quantitative Traits of Potato Cultivar under Warm and Dry Climate Condition
Mansour Timar Alireza Shokuhfar Naser Zarifinia -
Open Access Article
19 - Agro-Physiological Traits of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Agria) Affected Different Rate of Zeolite and Triple Super Phosphate
Hamid Madani Masoud Gomarian Seid Rasol Mohammadi Hosseini -
Open Access Article
20 - Synthesis and spectroscopic study of a new diamidophosphoester, (4-CH3-C6H4O)((CH3)2CHNH)2P(O)
Fahimeh Sabbaghi Mehrdad Pourayoubi -
Open Access Article
21 - Theoretical study of the para chlorophenol adsorption on phosphorus-doped polypyrrole with DFT
Mozafar Rezaee Shahrbanoo Rahman setayesh -
Open Access Article
22 - P2O5/Al2O3 as an effieientcatalystfor one-potsynthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivativesundersolvent-free conditions
Tayebeh Sanaeishoar Sara Roueen -
Open Access Article
23 - Synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes under solvent-free conditions via Phosphorus pentoxide supported on alumina (P2O5/Al2O3) catalyzed tandem reaction of Aldehyde with dimedone
Tayebeh Sanaeishoar Negar Hormozinezhad -
Open Access Article
24 - P2O5/Al2O3 as an effieient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives under solvent-free conditions
Tayebeh Sanaeishoar Sara Roueen -
Open Access Article
25 - بررسی تأثیر زهکش زیرزمینی بر کیفیت خاک در جنوب خوزستان
سیدماجد موسوی فرد خوشناز پاینده ابراهیم پناهپوردر اراضی کشاورزی، عناصر غذایی پرمصرف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به دلیل نیاز زیاد گیاهان به آنها از اهمیت وافری برخوردارند. با تأمین عناصر غذایی پرمصرف در خاک های سدیمی، وضعیت حاصلخیزی و رشد گیاهان بهبود می یابد. برهمین اساس به منظور بررسی تأثیر زهکش زیرزمینی بر کیفیت خاک د Moreدر اراضی کشاورزی، عناصر غذایی پرمصرف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به دلیل نیاز زیاد گیاهان به آنها از اهمیت وافری برخوردارند. با تأمین عناصر غذایی پرمصرف در خاک های سدیمی، وضعیت حاصلخیزی و رشد گیاهان بهبود می یابد. برهمین اساس به منظور بررسی تأثیر زهکش زیرزمینی بر کیفیت خاک در منطقه خوزستان، این آزمایش در قالب بلوک کاملا تصادفی در چهار نقطه با 3 تکرار در دو عمق (30-0) و (60-30) سانتیمتر در جنوب استان خوزستان در منطقه آلبونعیم واقع در شهرستان شادگان انجام گرفت. تحقیق در دو قطعه زمین، یکی دارای زهکش زیرزمینی و دیگری فاقد زهکش صورت گرفت. پس از انجام کامل عملیات مشاهده گردید که میزان شوری (EC) در عمق های (30-0) و (60-30) سانتیمتر در مزرعه زهکش دار کمتر از مزرعه فاقد زهکش بوده بطوریکه اختلاف معنی داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد را بین دو منطقه نشان می دهد. نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم تحت تاثیر زهکش زیرزمینی و عمق نمونه برداری قرار نگرفته و مقدار آنها اختلاف معنی داری را نشان نداد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Environmental impact of agricultural land contamination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides, Isfahan metropolis
سامان KHabazi فرید Moor بهنام Keshavarzi مریم KermaniUse of pesticides is a common practice in agriculture nowadays and indeed most pesticides are overused. Twomajor groups of pesticides are organochlorin and organophosphorus. In this study 13 surface soil and 10 surfaceand groundwater samples were collected in winter 139 MoreUse of pesticides is a common practice in agriculture nowadays and indeed most pesticides are overused. Twomajor groups of pesticides are organochlorin and organophosphorus. In this study 13 surface soil and 10 surfaceand groundwater samples were collected in winter 1390 and spring 1391 within a radius of 60 Kms from thecenter of Isfahan metropolis. The measured concentrations of 8 organochlorin and 9 organophosphorus pesticidein the collected water samples indicate that all fall below the maximum recommended level and pose no threatto the environment. However, results from soil samples revealed that among the organochlorides theconcentration of DDT metabolites i.e combined DDE and DDD concentration is rather high. The concentrationof organophosphorus pesticide in soil depends upon several factors including, degradation half life and theamount of used pesticide. The concentration of residual organophosphor pesticide in soil is above recommendedsafe values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nutrient Concentrations in Ohadi (Fandoghi) and Kalleghouchi Pistachio Seedlings in Kerman Region
Hojjat Safari Kamal Abadi -
Open Access Article
28 - Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Efficiency in Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
Seyfollah Fallah Fallah Behjat Omrani OmraniTo investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from organic and chemical fertilizers sources, on their efficiency in purslane, a field experiment based on complete randomized block design was conducted at the Research Farm of Shahrekord University in 201 MoreTo investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from organic and chemical fertilizers sources, on their efficiency in purslane, a field experiment based on complete randomized block design was conducted at the Research Farm of Shahrekord University in 2014. Treatments were 13 t.ha-1 broiler litter (T1), 14.4 t.ha-1 broiler litter (T2), 39 t.ha-1 cattle manure (T3), 16.8 t.ha-1 cattle manure + 150 kg.ha-1 urea (T4), four chemical fertilizer levels equivalent to organic manure treatments, 260+86 kg.ha-1 urea +triple super phosphate, respectively (T5), 287+100 kg.ha-1 urea + triple super phosphate, respectively (T6), 260+200 kg.ha-1 urea + triple super phosphate, respectively (T7), 260+100 kg.ha-1 urea + triple super phosphate, respectively (T8) and control (T0). The results showed that T2 treatment produced 8345 kg.ha-1 of dry matter as compared with those of other fertilizer treatments (P<0.05). This indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus efficiencies in T2 treatment were significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). In the mean time, nitrogen efficiency in T5 and T7 were not significantly different. However, phosphorus efficiency in T2 (52.6 %) indicated significant difference as compared with the other treatments. Nitrogen physiological efficiency of treatment in T2 (35.02 kg.kg-1) and T8 (31.6 kg.kg-1), and also P physiological efficiency in T1 and T5 were not significantly different. As a whole, the higher N physiological efficiency and also physiological efficiency of phosphorus in broiler litter reflect the ecological role of organic manure application in the production of purslane. This can also help environmental protection, as well as preventing loss of resources and phosphorus accumulation in the cropland soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Forage Quantity and Quality of Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) as Affected by Uses of Pseudomonas putida Strains and Phophorus Fertilizer in the Second Crop
Mohammad Hossein Ansari Mehdi GhadimiEffects of phosphate fertilizer and pseudomonas putida strains on the quantity and quality of forage of berseem clover as a second crop was studied in a factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications at Fooman, Guilan province, MoreEffects of phosphate fertilizer and pseudomonas putida strains on the quantity and quality of forage of berseem clover as a second crop was studied in a factorial field experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications at Fooman, Guilan province, Iran. Treatments consisted of phosphate fertilizer with three levels (0, 75 and 150 kg/ha as triple super phosphate) and Pseudomonas putida strains with four levels (M21, M5, M168 and control). The results showed that use of phosphate fertilizers increased the soil pH during growing season while bacterial inoculation adjusted soil pH. The bacterial inoculation increased amount of crude protein, digestible protein, acidic and alkaline phosphatase activity compared to non-inoculated treatment, but it decreased crude fiber of the forage. Clover forage yield, protein yield and phosphorus content of foliage also were influenced by the interaction of bacterial strains and phosphate fertilizer. The highest forage and protein yield were obtained by using strain M5+150 kg P ha-1. Significant increases in forage and protein yield were found to be 16.49% and 8.01%, respectively, as compared with non-inoculated treatment. Based on the result of this experiment, application of 150 kg P ha-1 and Pseudomonas putida strain M5 inoculation can be used to obtain highest forage yield and quality of berseem clover as second crop in the experimental site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effect of Mycorrhizae Species on the Quantitative and Qualitative Charachteristics of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Different Irrigation Systems
Nadia Dorostkar Alireza PirzadTo evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of soybean plants (Glycine max L. cv. Williams) under different irrigation systems, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Urmia University in 2015. Treatments w MoreTo evaluate mycorrhizal symbiosis of soybean plants (Glycine max L. cv. Williams) under different irrigation systems, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Urmia University in 2015. Treatments were irrigation systems (drip and sprinkler irrigation) assigned to main plots, and mycorrhizal fungi species (non-inoculated as control,Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices andSimiglomus hoi) to sub-plots. Results indicated that the highest plant height, pod weight, seed yield, 100 seed weight, number of nods per stem, biological yield, harvest index of oil, oil percent and oil yield were obtained by using drip irrigation. The highest LWR (ratio of leaf/aerial parts weight) and SPAD (chlorophyll index) were observed in sprinkler irrigation system. The significant interaction effects were exhibited variable responses of soybean plants to mycorrhizal species under irrigation systems. The highest photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a, -b and total chlorophyll) and carotenoids were obtained from AMF-inoculated plants under sprinkler system, regardless of fungal species. The highest leaf phosphorus belonged to inoculated plants (F. mosseae) in sprinkler irrigation system. All fungi species increased leaf protein, similarly. While the leaf potassium did not show significant differences with non-AMF inoculated control plants. Despite highest root colonization with R. intraradices under sprinkler irrigation system, colonization by all three species of fungi under both irrigation systems were higher than non-AMF inoculated soybean plants. In both irrigation systems, the ratio of fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids which were four times higher than of saturated fatty acids) in AMF-inoculated plants were equal to that of non-mycorrhizal control soybean. Regardless of different responses of soybean plants to mycorrhizal species, biological seed and oil yields, under drip irrigation system were about 23, 53 and 84% higher than that of sprinkler irrigation system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Use of Phosphorus Solublizing Bacteria and Ammonium Phosphate Fertilizers in Winter Rapeseed Production
H. Madani G.R. Naderi Brojerdi A. PazokiIn order to study of the effect of phosphorus suloblizing bacteria (PSB) and ammonium phosphate (AP) fertilizer on rapeseed yield this field experiments was conducted at Research Farm Station of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University. Ammonium phosphate applications were MoreIn order to study of the effect of phosphorus suloblizing bacteria (PSB) and ammonium phosphate (AP) fertilizer on rapeseed yield this field experiments was conducted at Research Farm Station of Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University. Ammonium phosphate applications were at 3 rates (0, 125 and 250 kg/ha) and phosphor suloblizing bacteria at 4 levels (not application, application at seeding date in autumn, application at spring and application both in the autumn and spring). The treatments were used as factorial on randomize complete block design arrangement. The results showed that the differences grain yield, no. of pod per plants, no. of seed per pod, 1000 seed weight and harvest index were significant at 5% levels of probability when were used. Generally, oil percent, oil yield, and biomass yield showed significant difference when biological phosphate treatments were applied. Therefore, the effect of interactions among treatments showed significant difference for grain yield, no. of pod per plants and harvest index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Improvement of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Replacing some of Nitrogen with Phosphorus under Moisture Stress
Farasat Sadeghi Mohammad Ali AboutalebianTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori MoreTo study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The Effect of Biological and Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizers on Radiation Use Efficiency, P Concentration and Yield of Wheat Cultivar (Pishgam)
Somayeh Vejdani Aram Goudarz Ahmadvand Somayeh HajiniaTo evaluate the effect of biological and chemical phosphorous fertilizers on radiation use efficiency, P concentration and yield of wheat cultivar (Pishgam) A field study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three re MoreTo evaluate the effect of biological and chemical phosphorous fertilizers on radiation use efficiency, P concentration and yield of wheat cultivar (Pishgam) A field study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications, in 2011-2012 at the Agricultural and Natural Research Station of Hamedan province. The factors were three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (P1) 0, (P2) 22.5 and (P3) 45 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate of based on soil test and five levels of biofertilizer applications: non-biofertilizer application (B1), biofertilizer application at the rate of 100 g.ha-1 at planting (B2), biofertilizer application in two stages, at the rate of 100 g.ha-1 at planting and 100 g.ha-1 in the spring (B3), biofertilizer application at the rate of 200 g.ha-1 at planting (B4), biofertilizer application in two stages, at the rate of 200 g.ha-1at planting and 200 g.ha-1 in the spring (B5). The results showed the highest leaf area index (5.8 and 5.7, respectively) was produced in biofertilizer of B4 and B3 levels with application of 45 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphate. Application of 45 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate with biofertilizers of B2, B5, B4 and B3 levels, caused an increase in total dry matter about 29.7, 25.9, 4.0 and 2.5 percent, respectively, as compared to that of control. The highest radiation use efficiency of 2.45 g.mj-1 belonged to 45 kg.ha-1 diammonium phosphate with biofertilizers of B4 which was 23 percent more than that of control. Bio-fertilizer of B3 and B2 levels increased grain yield of wheat by 9.8 and 9.3 percent, respectively, as compared to that of control. Finally it can be stated that biofertilizer Barvar-2, resulted in the increase of grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Above Ground Growing Trends of Persian Shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.) as Affected by Different Levels of Phosphorus Application and Planting Densities
Mohammad Kheirkhah Fateme Mohammadkhani Alireza Dadkhah Mahmood Ghorbanzadeh NeghabJournal of Crop Ecophysiology / Vol. 10, No. 2, 2016 & MoreJournal of Crop Ecophysiology / Vol. 10, No. 2, 2016 18 Domestication, cultivation and mass production of shallot to prevent the loss of its genetic resources are of particular importance. This study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications to evaluate the effects of different levels of phosphorus fertilizer and planting densities on medicinal and industrial plants of shallots at the Agricultural Research Station of Higher Education Complex of Shirvan. Treatments of this study were plant densities at tree levels (20, 30 and 40 plants per square meter) and phosphorus applications (superphosphate) at four levels (0, 150, 250 and 350 kg.ha-1). The results showed that phosphorus, plant density and the interactions between them significantly affected growth parameters such as leaf area index, leaf area ratio, crop growth, relative growth, and net assimilation rates as compared to controls. According to these results, it can be concluded that this plant reacts positively to the phosphorus fertilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solublizing Bacteria on Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) (KSC 704) under Different Irrigation Regimes
Khoshnaz Payandeh Mani Mojaddam Nazli DerogarApplication of mycorrhizal fungi may improve the nutritional status of the plant and increase its resistance to environmental stresses, such as deficiencies water. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with thre MoreApplication of mycorrhizal fungi may improve the nutritional status of the plant and increase its resistance to environmental stresses, such as deficiencies water. This research was conducted in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Hamidieh region of Ahvaz in 2018. Treatments consisted of irrigation regimes with three levels (60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A pan evaporation) assigned to main plots and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteriawith four levels (non application, mycorrhiza, mycorrhiza and phosphate stabilizing bacteria and Phosphate solublizing bacteria) to sub plots. The results showed that the effects of irrigation regimes and combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on leaf area index, symbiosis percent, seed number of seeds per row of corn ear, number of seeds per ear, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were significant. Mean comparisons showed that combined treatment of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria resulted in the maximum number of seeds per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 seed weight and leaf area index. The highest seed yield (6400.55 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 60 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the combined application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria and lowest from 120 mm evaporation and without application of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria. It can be concluded that combined use of mycorrhiza and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can be considered promising in growing maize for seed at this experimental region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Some Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L. ) as Affected by Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers
Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi Mehrdad Yarnia Vahid Ahmadzadeh Noushin Farajzadeh Memari TabriziIn recent decades, using chemical fertilizers has resulted in increasing the yields of crop plants. However, it has been found that their use in the longrun has damaging effects on both environment and crop yields. Therefore, investigations of using organic fertilizers, MoreIn recent decades, using chemical fertilizers has resulted in increasing the yields of crop plants. However, it has been found that their use in the longrun has damaging effects on both environment and crop yields. Therefore, investigations of using organic fertilizers, instead of chemical fertilizers, have been emphesised. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen bio-fertilizers (Nitrokara, Nitroxin, combination of Nitrokara + Nitroxin and control) and phosphate bio-fertilizers (phosphorus fertilized 2, Biophosphorus, combination of phosphorous fertilized 2+ Biophosphorus and control) on agronomic and physiological traits of barley. The results of the study showed that the use of biological phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers significantly affected plant height, whole plant dry weight, number of tillers and spikelets/m2, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, number of seeds per a plant, the leaf area index and the leaf chlorophyll index. Based on these results it seems that using Nitrokara, Nitroxin and the combination of Nitrokara + Nitroxin increased grain yield by 100, 86, and 110% respectively. It was also revealed that highest increase in grain yield belonged to biophosphorus as compared to other phosphorus treatments. This treatment increased the grain yield by 50 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Improvement of Quality and Quantity of Alfalfa Forage Yield by Using Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers
H. Madani N. Sajedi H. Gholipoor FadashkThis research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and bio fertilizers on forage yield of alfalfa in a factorial experiment by using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2012-2013 in Arak, Iran. Treatments were chemical fertilizers in four MoreThis research was conducted to study the effects of chemical and bio fertilizers on forage yield of alfalfa in a factorial experiment by using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2012-2013 in Arak, Iran. Treatments were chemical fertilizers in four levels (control, potassium, phosphorus and whole micronutrients) and biological fertilizers in four levels (control, soil potassium solublizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soil phosphorus solublizing bacteria). The results showed that the highest yield of alfalfa, in the first cut, was 1.76 t/ha by the use of phosphorus solublizing bacteria and 1.57 t/ha by using soil potassium solublizing bacteria. Although in the second cut the differences between chemical fertilizer and their interaction with biological fertilizer was not significant, but application of biological fertilizers could affect alfalfa yield in the second cut significantly. Application of soil potassium solublizing bacteria increased forage yield of alfalfa from 1.74 to 2.48 t/ha. The results also revealed that dry forage yield of alfalfa in control treatment was 2.5 t/ha and it was increased to 3.7 t/ha by using phosphorus solubilizing bacteria which is 1.2 t/ha higher than control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Impacts of Mycorrhiza and Phsphorus Along with the Use of Salicylic Acid on Maize Seed Yield
Fedra Taheri Oshtrinani Amin FathiThe effects of biological and chemical fertilizers, along with the use of salicylic acid, on the agronomic characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at the Agricultural Research Sta MoreThe effects of biological and chemical fertilizers, along with the use of salicylic acid, on the agronomic characteristics of corn in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated at the Agricultural Research Station of Boroujerd in 2011. Factors were three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 100 and 150 kg ha), two levels of biological fertilizers (mycorrhizal fungi) (inoculation and non- inoculation of seeds) and two levels of salicylic acid (0.5 and 1 mM), respectively. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds affected number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield significantly. Seed yield of plants inoculated with mycorrhiza was 8412 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than non-inoculated ones. The effect of salicylic acid on plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, number of seed rows, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield and harvest index was also significant. The yield of plants with 1 mM salicylic acid treatment amounted to be 8316 kg.ha-1 which is 24% higher than none treated ones. Phosphorus and mycorrhizal interaction on the number of rows of seeds, seed weight, seed yield and biological yield were significant. Salicylic acid and phosphorus interactions and three way treatment effects were only significant on grain yield. This study showed that salicylic acid and mycorrhizal inoculation of seeds can increase seed yield by improving yield components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigation of the NPK Nutrition of Henna Ecotypes (Lowsonia inermis L.) Based on Photosynthetic and Growth Indices in Shahdad Area
Amin Pasandi Pour Hassan FarahbakhshDetermination of crop NPK requirements is important for proper crop growth. To determine the NPK nutrition of henna (Lowsonia inermis L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in the Shahdad, Kerman province, in 2015-2016. In MoreDetermination of crop NPK requirements is important for proper crop growth. To determine the NPK nutrition of henna (Lowsonia inermis L.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out in the Shahdad, Kerman province, in 2015-2016. In this study, response of three henna ecotypes (Bam, Shahdad and Roodbar) with four fertilizer combinations consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N: K: P, 0: 0: 0, 100: 50: 50, 200: 100: 100, 300: 200: 150 kg/ha) were investigated for some growth indices like CGR, RGR, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. The results indicated that the highest mean of CGR, RGR, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and total dry yield belonged to Shahdad ecotype. While, there was no statistically significant difference between the Shahdad and Roodbar ecotypes for leaf dry yield. The effect of NPK nutrition treatment on the most of traits measured was significant at 1% probability level. The highest mean of traits measured belonged to NPK combination of 300: 200: 150, while the difference was not significant from 200: 100: 100 for leaf dry yield and RGR. In this study, the interaction of ecotype and nutrition was not significant for the traits under study. Therefore, according to the results, it can be concluded that Shahdad and Roodbar ecotypes and combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with a ratio of 200: 100: 100 are appropriate for henna in Shahdad climatic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Effects of Previous Crop and Rate of Phosphorous Fertilizer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Shiroudi
Abouzar Abbasian Hashem AminpanahGrowing berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) prior to rice can be a good strategy for reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption and increasing the sustainability of the rice cropping systems. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted by using a split-plot MoreGrowing berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) prior to rice can be a good strategy for reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption and increasing the sustainability of the rice cropping systems. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted by using a split-plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Iran in 2014-2015. Growing berseem clover and use of fallow (control), were assigned to main plots, and amount of phosphorus fertilizer (without P and 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg.ha-1 P) to the sub-plots. At crop maturity, seed yield, yield components and phosphorus content of seeds were evaluated. The results showed that seed yield of rice (7566.3 kg.ha-1) after clover was significantly higher than after fallow (6465.1 kg.ha-1) (p<0.05). Growing clover before rice significantly increased panicle number per m2 and number of filled seeds per panicle, but it did not effect thousand seed weight, significantly. Increasing application of phosphorus, from 0 to 75 kg.ha-1, increased seed yield significantly by (30.49 %), but higher phosphorus application (100 kg.ha-1) did not seed yield significantly. While, panicle number per m2 (20.5 %), filled seed number per panicle (12.93 %), biological yield (22.05 %), seed P content (14.95 %) and seed P uptake (49.2 %) were increased significantly with the application of P fertilizer as compared that of not using of phosphorus fertilizer. Based on the result of this experiment, the highest paddy yield could be obtained when rice planted after clover and use of 75 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus fertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Application of a novel microextraction method for determination of organophosphorous pesticides from fruit juice using high performance liquid chromatography
R. Fakhim Rasoolzadeh M.R. Afshar Moghaddam J. KhandaghiCrops such as fruits as raw materials for the production of fruit juices are affected by different pests that are regularly used to combat these agents in agriculture activities. Some of these substances not only remain on the surface of crops but also penetrate their t MoreCrops such as fruits as raw materials for the production of fruit juices are affected by different pests that are regularly used to combat these agents in agriculture activities. Some of these substances not only remain on the surface of crops but also penetrate their tissues, as most of the crops exposed to pesticides contain amounts of pesticide residues that enter the consumer's body along with foods. For this reason, the use of precise and efficient methods in evaluating the residuals amounts of these compounds in food products is of great value. In this research, a combination of air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop methods has developed for extraction and preconcentration of some of the widely used organophosphorus pesticides used in Iran (Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Phosalone, Parathion- methyl and Azinphos-methyl) from juice samples before their analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Under optimal conditions, 32 μl of menthol as the extraction solvent and 75 μl acetonitrile as dispersive solvent at a temperature of 60 °C used to extract the analytes. The proposed method is simple, reliable, and inexpensive and yields optimal values for extraction efficiency so that under optimized conditions the recoveries ranging from 61 to 79%. RSD% was in range 4.6 to 6.9, indicating high reproducibility of the proposed method. Other advantages of this method include low organic solvents consumption and short analysis time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Evaluation of serumic Uric acid,Total Protein, Albumin, Calcium and Phosphorus levels in laying hens afflicted by the gout syndrome
بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi حسین Nikpiran SH HalabiGout syndrome is accounted for one of the prevalent causes of mortality in poultry farms. Gout is recognized by deposition of urates in kidneys, on serous surfaces of the heart, liver, mesenteries, air sacs and peritoneum. In some cases, these deposits may be observed o MoreGout syndrome is accounted for one of the prevalent causes of mortality in poultry farms. Gout is recognized by deposition of urates in kidneys, on serous surfaces of the heart, liver, mesenteries, air sacs and peritoneum. In some cases, these deposits may be observed on surfaces of muscles, synovial sheaths of tendons and joints, too. These deposits are like chalky coating and appear grossly. Gout could be seen in two forms, articular gout and visceral gout, and it is a disease with numerous causes. The causing factors of the gout are classified in three groups which consist of nutrient and management factors, infectious factors, and toxic factors. For evaluation of biochemical parameters in gout disease, we surveyed and diagnosed in three farms of egg laying poultry breeding (HY-Line) affected to gout syndrome during spring and summer of 1386. In this study, from the above- mentioned poultry farms a number of 20 affected, and 20 healthy chickens (totally 120) were chosen and Blood samples of all animals were collected from wing veins and their sera were harvested by centrifuging and the levels of Uric acid, Total Protein, Albumin, Calcium and Phosphors parameters were measured by diagnostic laboratory kits. After taking blood, they were autopsied, and according to autopsy signs and syndromes, the diagnosis of gout was confirmed. Results of this study showed significant increase on mean serumic Uric acid, Total Protein, Albumin, Calcium and Phosphorus in chickens affected by gout in comparison with the healthy groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, with the measurement of these parameters in the laboratory, one could diagnose the gout syndrome even before the clinical signs become apparent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructure Functionally Graded Ni-P Electroless Coating
Sayede Razieh Anvari Sayed Mahmoud Monirvaghefi Mohammad Hossein Enayati -
Open Access Article
44 - Response of nitrogen physiological efficiency of safflower to animal and chemical fertilizers in Kashan region
Mohammad Mirzakhani Marjan Ghanbari Kashan Sid Amir Farid HashemiIn order to study the response of nitrogen physiological efficiency of safflower to animal and chemical fertilizers in Kashan region, this study was carried out in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications MoreIn order to study the response of nitrogen physiological efficiency of safflower to animal and chemical fertilizers in Kashan region, this study was carried out in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Chemical fertilizer treatment (F1= Control, F2= 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 25 kg ha-1 of P2O5, F3= 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, F4= 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and animal manure treatment (M1= Control, M2= 20 ton ha-1, M3= 40 ton ha-1) were assigned in plots. Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 5 m long with 50 cm between rows space and 5 cm between plants on the row was used. Stem height, number of boll per m2, harvest index, oil yield, weight of boll, protein yield, phosphorus percentage, nitrogen absorption amount, nitrogen superficial recovery, nitrogen physiologic efficiency, and phosphorus use efficiency were assessed. Results indicated that the interaction effects of chemical fertilizer and animal manure on the characteristics such as oil yield, weight of boll, protein yield, phosphorus percent, nitrogen absorption amount, nitrogen appear recovery, nitrogen physiologic efficiency, and phosphorus use efficiency were significant. The maximum and minimum oil yield (254.3 and 75.33 kg ha-1) were obtained with the treatment (150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + 20 ton ha-1 of animal manure) and (no application of the chemical and animal manure),respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Phosphorus concentration, accumulation, and allocation in stem elongation and anthesis growth stages in some crop and weed species of Gramineae
arezoo abidi ebrahim zeinali afshin soltani abdolreza gharanjikiInformation on variations in concentration, accumulation, and allocation of phosphorus (P) in different species is important for improving the absorption and use efficiency of mineral nutrients, especially in poor soils. Hence, this experiment was conducted in order to MoreInformation on variations in concentration, accumulation, and allocation of phosphorus (P) in different species is important for improving the absorption and use efficiency of mineral nutrients, especially in poor soils. Hence, this experiment was conducted in order to study the variations in P concentration, accumulation, and allocation to various parts of plants in a number of gramineae crops and weeds in stem elongation and anthesis growth stages. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement with three replications in an open field condition in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences using a low (4.85 mg kg-1) available P soil during 2015-2016 growing season. Treatments in the pot experiment included 7 crop and weed species of poaceae family including bread wheat, durum wheat, common barley, naked barley, triticale, wild oat, and canary grass and application and non-application of recommended N, P, and K chemical fertilizers. Based on the results, with fertilizer application, the concentration and accumulation of P significantly increased in all parts of plants except for root in both stages of stem elongation and anthesis. Under non-fertilization conditions, the average P concentrations of the aerial part of the plant at stem elongation and pollination stages were 3.9 and 1.9, respectively, which increased to 4.5 and 2.1 g kg-1 as a result of fertilization. Also, as a result of fertilization, the average P concentration accumulated in the aerial part of the plants increased from 0.92 to 3.2 mg plant-1 at the stem elongation and from 2.45 to 2.9 mg plant-1 at anthesis stage. During anthesis, the effect of plant species on P concentration in all parts of the plants was significant while during stem elongation, this effect was significant only for P concentration of stem and aerial parts of the plants under study. However, at both stages, accumulation of P in all parts and in the whole plant was significantly affected by plant species and the interaction effects of the species and fertilization. The average concentration of P in the aerial parts of the species varied from 2.9 to 4.7 g kg-1 at stem elongation and from 1.4 to 2.7 g kg-1 at anthesis stage. The results of the mean comparisons of the interaction effects showed no significant difference of P accumulation in different parts of the plant at stem elongation stage under unfertilized conditions, and that at anthesis stage, differences of P accumulation under non-fertilization conditions between species were much less than those of fertilization conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion
Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Behzad Kaviani Seyyed Ahmad Mousavi MohammadiIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of th MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of three levels of IBA (0, 2000, and 4000 mg/ ml) and in the second one, the effect of two strains of P. fluorescens (R5 and R64) were investigated on olive (Olea europaea cv. conservaliya). Results showed that bacterial inoculation with R5 strains increased shoot and root dry weight, total dry weight, nitrogen concentration, and phosphorus uptake compared to control, but there was no significant difference between R5 and R64 strains in terms of total chlorophyll. The 2000 mg/ml IBA also increased shoot and root dry weight, nitrogen concentration, total chlorophyll, and total dry weight compared to control while the maximum phosphorus uptake was obtained at 4000 mg/ml IBA. The interaction of effects of IBA and bacteria in morphological characteristics and uptake and concentration of elements showed that maximum average were obtained at 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain treatment. According to the obtained results, the application of both of 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain for improvement in rooting is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effect of various biological, chemical, and integrated fertilization systems on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
sima abyar barat ali fakheri hosein gorgini nafiseh mahdi nezhad Maryam Harati RadIn order to investigate the effects of biological, chemical, and integrated fertilizers on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station o MoreIn order to investigate the effects of biological, chemical, and integrated fertilizers on growth, yield, and yield components of sunflowers, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station of Zabol University in the growing season 2014-15. The experiment consisted of 13 treatments including NPK, biophosphorus, biophosphorus + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + 50% NPK, biophosphorus + 100% NPK, nitroxin, nitroxin + 25% NPK, nitroxin + 50% NPK, nitroxin + 100% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 25% NPK, biophosphorus + nitroxin + 50%NPK and biophosphorus + nitroxin + 100%NPK. The results showed that the effect of different treatments of chemical, biological, and integrated fertilizers were significant on most of the studied traits except the number of leaves, flowering date, and the number of florets per head. The highest mean in most of the studied traits belonged to the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK treatment which was not significantly different from the nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK integrated treatment. The results of this study showed that combined application of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 50% NPK in comparison with the integrated treatment of nitroxin + biophosphorus + 100% NPK in addition to reducing 50% of chemical fertilizers application can also produce optimal yield. According to the obtained results, the application of 50% of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizers in combination with the nitroxin and biophosphorus biofertilizers can be recommended for obtaining the maximum quality and quantity yield of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Investigation of morpho-physiological responses to salinity stress in three promising hybrid genotypes of Iris (Iris germanica L.) inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi
Zahra Ziaei Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Mostafa Shirmardi Mohammad Hosein AzimiIris germanica L. is one of the most majestic and popular perennials used in landscape. The aim of this study was comparison of salinity tolerance in three new hybrids genotypes of Iris germanica L. inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Treatments consisted of four levels MoreIris germanica L. is one of the most majestic and popular perennials used in landscape. The aim of this study was comparison of salinity tolerance in three new hybrids genotypes of Iris germanica L. inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Treatments consisted of four levels of water salinity (1, 4, 8, and 12 ds/m), three levels of mycorrhizal fungi (0, 15, and 25 g/kg) and three promising genotypes of iris (OPRC-122, OPRC-125, and OPRC-S54). Experiment was conducted based on a factorial and completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in 2018-2019 in Ardakan University. Some morphological and physiological traits were evaluated. Application of 25 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi at 12 dS/m salinity level increased root length in OPRC122 and OPRCS54 genotypes by 83.77% and 65.38%, respectively compared with control. In OPRCS54 genotype under 8 dS/m salinity, using 25 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi increased the ratio of shoot to root fresh weights by 52.83%. Application of 15 and 25 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi at 12 dS/m salinity in OPRC122 genotype increased P uptake by 341% and 480%, respectively. The use of 15 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi in OPRC125 genotype reduced Na uptake by 32% at 12 dS/m salinity. In OPRCS54 genotype under the same level of salinity, application of 15 and 25 g/kg mycorrhiza fungi decreased sodium uptake by 63.51% and 55.24%, respectively. In general, using mycorrhizal fungi in all three genotypes at salinity level of 8 dS/m reduced the effect of salinity and increased plant yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The effect of sulfur fertilizers in intensifying or modulating the stressful effects of NPK fertilizer on the ornamental-medicinal plant Euphorbia tirucalli L. in potted conditions
Raheleh Farnia Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazeyar Ahmadi GolsefidiThe present study investigates the effect of sulfur fertilizer on Euphorbia tirucalli L. in pot culture conditions. Plants were cultivated under 10 NPK treatments with sulfur fertilizers (granular or bentonite, with or without thiobacillus and ammonium sulfate each in t MoreThe present study investigates the effect of sulfur fertilizer on Euphorbia tirucalli L. in pot culture conditions. Plants were cultivated under 10 NPK treatments with sulfur fertilizers (granular or bentonite, with or without thiobacillus and ammonium sulfate each in two concentrations) and one NPK treatment without sulfur, compared with the control in randomized complete blocks for 4 months. Growth parameters including dry and fresh weight of plants, roots, shoots and the ratio of fresh or dry weight of roots to plants as well as protein, chlorophyll, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur content in roots or shoots were measured. NPK fertilizer did not increase phosphorus and potassium uptake but decreased root growth. Addition of sulfur fertilizers except for bentonite sulfur with a concentration of 0.8 g per 80 cm2 of soil with Thiobacillus commercial liquid fertilizer, 250 ml / l, had no effect on recovering the negative effects of NPK and even in most treatments, shoot dry weight and fresh weight decreased. Ammonium sulfate showed the most negative effect on growth parameters. Also, some sulfur treatments had a positive effect on increasing the amount of shoot protein. Chlorophyll a, b and total levels did not show a significant difference between treatments. The effect of sulfur fertilizer on soil pH was different and higher concentration of granular sulfur fertilizer containing Thiobacillus caused a more severe drop. None of the sulfur treatments increased the phosphorus of the shoot and even some treatments had a negative effect on the phosphorus content of the roots as well as the potassium content of the roots and shoots. Only in the treatment of granular sulfur fertilizer with Thiobacillus at lower concentrations, root potassium content increased. Negative effects of sulfur fertilizers were not due to increased sulfur uptake, because the sulfur content changes between treatments were not significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Evaluation of morphophysiological reaction of Eryngium campestre under the influence of nitroxin, humic acid and glycine
Zeinab Nasrollahnejad Khodayar Hemmati Vahid Erfani Moghaddam Mehrdad BabarabieEryngium campestre is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, which is very important in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glycine, nitroxin fertilizer, and humic acid on morphophysiological traits of E MoreEryngium campestre is a medicinal plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, which is very important in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glycine, nitroxin fertilizer, and humic acid on morphophysiological traits of Eringum campster. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 factors namely, nitroxin (0, 1, 2 ml.l-1), humic acid (0, 1, 2 ml.l-1), and glycine (0, 75, 150 g.L-1) and 3 replications in the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in the autumn of 2019. The measured traits included root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length, plant height, number of leaves, leaf surface, and absorption rate of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus elements by leaves. Results showed that the traits measured under nitroxin, glycine, and humic acid factors separately and in combination with each other were significantly different compared to the control. In general, the results showed that the factors used in this study had the potential to improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of the Eringum campster plant and can be used in commercial production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluating the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on growth and yield of winter chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under conditions of supplemental irrigation
Mohammad Mirzaei Heydari Kobra MishkhaszadehIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and yield of autumn chickpeas under supplementary irrigation conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications in the 2016 crop MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and yield of autumn chickpeas under supplementary irrigation conditions, an experiment was conducted as a split plot in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications in the 2016 crop year in Ilam. Experimental treatments include supplementary irrigation with three levels of control or rainfed, once irrigation (flowering time), twice irrigation (flowering time and ten days after flowering) in main plots and fertilizer with four levels of control, mycorrhiza, chemical fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) And mycorrhiza with chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus) were considered in subplots. The results showed that the effect of fertilizer interaction and supplementary irrigation on pod number per plant, grain yield, biological yield, shoot and root nitrogen was significant. The average grain yield in mycorrhiza fertilizer treatment and double irrigation compared to chemical fertilizer treatment (nitrogen and phosphorus) and rainfed conditions showed an increase of about 59%. In general, the results showed that double supplementary irrigation with the use of chemical fertilizers and mycorrhiza increases the reproductive growth of the plant. This increase is due to increased photosynthesis and consequently more photosynthetic material, which increases the yield components and improves the yield of chickpeas, so the use of this management method to achieve optimal production is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Phosphorus acid: As multi-purpose catalysts
Milad Mohammadi Rasooll -
Open Access Article
53 - Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl 2-naphthols and dibenzo [a,j] xanthenes using phosphorus pentoxide on solid supports
Amin Zarei -
Open Access Article
54 - مدلسازی و بهینهسازی زنجیره تامین کودهای شیمیایی با استفاده از ترکیب بهینهسازی نهنگ و شبیهسازی تبرید
Motahareh Rabbani سید محمد حاجی مولانا Seyed Mojtaba Sajadi Mohammad Hossein Davoodiفسفر مهمترین ماده مورد استفاده در کودهای شیمیایی است و نقش اساسی در افزایش عملکرد محصول در سیستمهای کشاورزی ایفا می کند. با توجه به افزایش تقاضا برای فسفر و منابع محدود این ماده حیاتی، مدیریت زنجیره تامین پایدار کودهای شیمیایی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در مطالعه حا Moreفسفر مهمترین ماده مورد استفاده در کودهای شیمیایی است و نقش اساسی در افزایش عملکرد محصول در سیستمهای کشاورزی ایفا می کند. با توجه به افزایش تقاضا برای فسفر و منابع محدود این ماده حیاتی، مدیریت زنجیره تامین پایدار کودهای شیمیایی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در مطالعه حاضر، یک مدل ریاضی برای زنجیره تامین کودهای شیمیایی ارائه شده است. با در نظر گرفتن اثرات نامطلوب زیست محیطی تولید و مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، پژوهش حاضر سعی در طراحی یک زنجیره تامین پایدار با توجه به عوامل اقتصادی، زیست محیطی و اجتماعی دارد. برای حل این مسئله، یک الگوریتم فراابتکاری ترکیبی شامل بهینهسازی نهنگ و شبیهسازی تبرید با در نظر گرفتن یک تابع چندهدفه استفاده میشود. نتایج شبیهسازی بهدستآمده از یک مطالعه موردی واقعی شبکه زنجیره تامین کودهای شیمیایی در ایران، اثربخشی و کاربرد مدل و راهحل پیشنهادی را اثبات میکند. نتایج بهدستآمده نشاندهنده اثربخشی روش پیشنهادی در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتمها با توجه به عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی و محیطی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Broiler Performance in Response to Phytate and Supplemented Phytase
M.F. Khalid M. Hussain A.U. Rehman M.A. Shahzad M. Sharif Z.U. Rahman -
Open Access Article
56 - Importance of Phosphorus in Farm Animals
S. Manopriya A.A.A.U. Aberathna D.A. Satharasinghe L.J.P.A.P. Jayasooriya M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka C.A.N. Fernando B.P.A. Jayaweera W.A.D.V. Weerathilake G.A. Prathapasinghe J.A. Liyanage J.M.K.J.K. Premarathne -
Open Access Article
57 - یافتهها روی متابولیسم کلسیم در ارگانیسمهای مرغهای تخمگذار
و.گ. ورتیپراخو آ.آ. گروزینا ت.م. ربراکووا آی.و. کیسلووا س.و. لبدو اُ.و. کوان ب.و. یوشا س.و. شابونین آی.آ. ورشینینااین مطالعه برای بررسی اثرات مقادیر متفاوت از کلسیم در جیره روی فعالیت آنزیمهای هضمی در دئودنوم و پلاسمای خون مرغهای تخمگذار انجام شد. یک ارتباط معکوس بین فعالیت آنزیمهای هضمی دئودنوم با تریپسین در پلاسما و مقدار کلسیم در مایعات بیولوژیکی رکورد برداری شد. زمانیکه مقد Moreاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثرات مقادیر متفاوت از کلسیم در جیره روی فعالیت آنزیمهای هضمی در دئودنوم و پلاسمای خون مرغهای تخمگذار انجام شد. یک ارتباط معکوس بین فعالیت آنزیمهای هضمی دئودنوم با تریپسین در پلاسما و مقدار کلسیم در مایعات بیولوژیکی رکورد برداری شد. زمانیکه مقدار کلسیم در جیره پرندگان از 3 تا 3.4 افزایش یافت، چربی خام تا 5 درصد افزایش داشت، و زمانیکه محتوای کلسیمی تا 5.4 درصد افزایش پیدا کرد، قابلیت هضم تمایل به کاهش تا 0.5 درصد در مقایسه با مقدار بهینه داشت. قابلیت هضم سلولز خام با افزایش کلسیم در جیره مرغهای تخمگذار کاهش یافت. علیرغم قابلیت هضم مشابه پروتئین خام در روده، محتوای بهینه کلسیم در جیره مرغها (3.4 درصد) با حداکثرسازی استفاده از مواد نیتروژندار بیشتر­ از مقادیر گروههای دیگر تا 30 (3 درصد کلسیم) و 25.7 درصد (5.4 درصد کلسیم) به­دست آمد. هنگام افزایش مقدار کلسیم در جیره، بیشتر کلسیم با مدفوع دفع شد، همچنین یک دفع کلسیم از طریق تخم وجود داشت. بنابراین، دادههای به ­دست آمده میتواند به ­عنوان اساس توسعه افزودنیهای خوراکی با سطوح متفاوت از کلسیم در آن­ها به کار آید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Alfacalcidol (1-Alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol) and Its Efficacy in Broiler Nutrition
N. Landy F. Kheiri A. Kamyab -
Open Access Article
59 - عملکرد رشد، پروفایل هماتولوژیکی و معدنی گوسالههای پس از شیرگیری تحت تأثیر توسط مکمل کنسانترهای پلت شده حاوی روغنهای ضروری و پروبیوتیکها
ب.م.و.ت. گادینگ ا. آگوس ا. ایراوان پ. پانجونودو فاکتور آزمایشگاهی (جیره تیمار با و بدون مکمل کنسانترهای پلت شده (PCS) و جنس) در گوسالههای هیبرید پس از شیرگیری برای بررسی آثار آنها روی عملکرد، پروفایل خونی و غلظت مواد معدنی پلاسما مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. 24 گوساله پس از شیرگیری بر اساس جنسیت (هم نر هم ماده) دسته& Moreدو فاکتور آزمایشگاهی (جیره تیمار با و بدون مکمل کنسانترهای پلت شده (PCS) و جنس) در گوسالههای هیبرید پس از شیرگیری برای بررسی آثار آنها روی عملکرد، پروفایل خونی و غلظت مواد معدنی پلاسما مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. 24 گوساله پس از شیرگیری بر اساس جنسیت (هم نر هم ماده) دسته­بندی شدند و به شکل تصادفی به دو تیمار جیرهای که شامل جیره گروه اولیه شاهد بدون حضور PCS (CON) و دومین جیره CON با اضافه حضور 20 درصد PCS (PCS) بودند توزیع شدند. نتایج نشان داد که گوسالههای دریافت کننده PCS رشد روزانه و ضریب تبدیل بالاتر، بنابراین وزن نهایی بالاتر در مقایسه با CON (P<0.01) داشتند. این نتایج میتواند در ارتباط با مصرف انرژی بالاتر در گروه PCS (P<0.05) باشد اگرچه ماده خشک مصرفی (DMI) مشابه بود (P>0.05). اثرات متقابل بر عملکرد گوسالهها، هماتولوژی، و غلظت مواد معدنی پلاسما شناسایی نشد (P>0.05). پروفایل هماتولوژی و غلظت مواد معدنی پلاسما توسط تیمار جیرهای، جنس و اثرات متقابل آنها (P>0.05) به جز برای هموگلوبین در گروه PCS که بالاتر از گروه CON بود (P<0.05) تحت تأثیر قرار نگرفتند. برای نتیجه، مخلوط پروبیوتیکها، روغنها ضروری و پرمیکس معدنی در ترکیب داده شده 20 درصد PCS اثر سودمند هم­افزایی را نشان داد همانطور که در بهبود عملکرد گوسالهها نشان داده شده است (برای مثال رشد روزانه، ضریب تبدیل و وزن بدن نهایی) بدون تأثیر پروفایل ترکیب خونی و همچنین غلظتهای کلسیم و فسفر پلاسما. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - اثر کلسیم، فسفر و روی در جیره پایه گندم بر عملکرد، ایمنی و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی
م. عسگری ع. خطیبجو ک. طاهرپور ف. فتاح نیا ح. سوریاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل روی (Zn) و سطوح مختلف کلسیم (Ca) و فسفر (P) بر ایمنی، عملکرد و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 تجاری به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 سطح مکمل ر Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل روی (Zn) و سطوح مختلف کلسیم (Ca) و فسفر (P) بر ایمنی، عملکرد و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 تجاری به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 سطح مکمل روی و دو سطح کلسیم به فسفر، به صورت 6 تیمار، 5 تکرار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 50 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 3) جیره پایه + 70 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 4) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین (6/0 به 3/0 درصد)، 5) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 50 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی و 6) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 70 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی. میزان کلسیم-فسفر جیره شاهد در دوره رشد و پایانی به ترتیب 9/0 به 45/0 و 85/0 به 42/0 درصد جیره بود. تغییر کلسیم و فسفر جیره تأثیری بر وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل خوراک یا کلسیم و فسفر سرم نداشت (05/0P>) درحالیکه مکمل روی خوراک مصرفی جوجهها را افزایش داد (05/0P<). افزودن 50 میلیگرم روی به هر کیلوگرم جیره باعث افزایش فسفر سرم گردید (05/0P>) درحالیکه بر تیتر آنتیبادی علیه گلبول قرمز خون گوسفند تأثیر معنی داری نداشت (05/0P<). بالاترین درصد لنفوسیت و کمترین درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی کلسیم و فسفر استاندارد همراه با 70 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم مکمل روی مشاهده گردید (05/0P>). جیرههای آزمایشی بر طول استخوان، ضخامت و نیروی شکست استخوان تأثیر معنی داری نداشتند (05/0P<). در مقایسه با جیره شاهد، تغذیه جیره کم کلسیم-فسفر باعث کاهش میزان خاکستر استخوانهای نازک نی و درشت نی گردید (05/0P>). به طور کلی جیرههای کم کلسیم-فسفر تأثیر مخربی بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی نداشتند و مکمل کردن جیرهها با روی نتوانست فراسنجههای مذکور را در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههای کم کلسیم بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile -
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61 - اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای ازت جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج
K.P. Wickramasinghe N.S.B.M. Atapattu R.T. Seresinheگزارش شده که اسید سیتریک راندمان استفاده از فیتات باند شده جیرهای و پروتئین را افزایش میدهد. موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای موادمغذی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج بود. 144 قطعه جوجه گوشتی Moreگزارش شده که اسید سیتریک راندمان استفاده از فیتات باند شده جیرهای و پروتئین را افزایش میدهد. موضوع این مطالعه تعیین اثرات اسید سیتریک روی عملکرد رشد و ابقای موادمغذی جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی دو سطح فسفر غیر فیتاته و سبوس برنج بود. 144 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در 48 واحد آزمایشی، یکی از هشت جیره آزمایشی حاوی دو سطح سبوس برنج (20 یا 30 درصد)، اسید سیتریک (0 یا 2 درصد) و فسفر غیرفیتاته (25/0 یا 35/0 درصد) را به طور آزاد از روزهای 21 الی 42 در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمون فاکتوریل 2 × 2 × 2 دریافت کردند. ابقای ازت، فسفر، مواد معدنی و ماده خشک با استفاده از یک آزمایش جمعآوری کل تعیین شد. مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و اوزان پر، کبد، سنگدان و پانکراس به طور معنیداری توسط سطوح جیرهای سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). ابقای ازت، فسفر و ماده خشک توسط سطوح سبوس برنج، اسید سیتریک، فسفر غیرفیتاته یا اثرات متقابل آنها تأثیر نپذیرفت (05/0P>). اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی ابقای مواد معدنی سبوس برنج در سطح 30 درصدی را در مقایسه با سطح 20 درصدی بهبود داد (05/0P>). محتوای خاکستر استخوان درشتنی بالاتری وقتی جیرها دارای 2 درصد اسید سیتریک و 35/0 درصد از فسفر غیرفیتاته بود، مشاهده شد (05/0P>). نتیجه اینکه، 30 درصد سبوس برنج اثرات سویی روی عملکرد رشدی جوجههای گوشتی از روز 21 الی 42 نداشت. اسید سیتریک در سطح 2 درصدی اثرت سودمندی در سطوح جیرهای سبوس برنج در سطح 20 یا 30 درصد یا سطوح فسفر غیرفیتاته 2/0 یا 35/0 درصد ایجاد نکرد. Manuscript profile -
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62 - Study of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by SBR seven-step system of anoxic and aerobic and anaerobic Operation of municipal wastewater in different situations
Nader Shahandeh Afshin Takdastan mohsen solimani babarsad Sara Gayem ahwazThere are more sewage pollution by organic substances Nhast.ayn by oxygenation and oxidation of the material can be converted into nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, etc. and then settle down, separated from the waste water.Generally, wastewater treatment methods can be di MoreThere are more sewage pollution by organic substances Nhast.ayn by oxygenation and oxidation of the material can be converted into nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, etc. and then settle down, separated from the waste water.Generally, wastewater treatment methods can be divided into three main categories: physical, chemical and biological division is now widely Nmvd.astfadh biological methods for wastewater treatment is common.Biological methods are able to lower costs, a wide range of pollutants to be refined to remove biodegradable organic material and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) are used.Activated sludge process and biological trickling filter is the most common treatment methods.The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of batch process alternating aerobic and Anoxic and anaerobic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from a wastewater treatment plant in laboratory scale (pilot) is to determine the effect of rescheduling the anaerobic, Anoxic, aerobic performance system for the removal of nitrogen and P, change the sequence of steps and timeliness effect on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus deals. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Piriformospora indica inoculants enhance flowering, yield, and physiological characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in different growth phases
Esmaeel Kaboosi Mehdi Ghabooli Rouhollah Karimi -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of phosphorus stress on antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat seedlings (Triticum durum Desf.) under in vitro culture
Naima Boukhalfa-Deraoui Nasrine Salhi Sabrina Bouchelaghem -
Open Access Article
65 - Iron and zinc interaction on leaf nutrients and the essential oil of Pimpinella anisum L.
Alireza Pirzad Mohsen Barin -
Open Access Article
66 - Effects of phosphorus on antioxidant system in pepper cultivars under saline conditions.
Behrokh Daei-hassani Nader Chaparzadeh Leila Sartibi Masoumeh Abedini -
Open Access Article
67 - اثر کاربرد سطوح مختلف کمپوست آزولا بر خصوصیات فیزیکی بستر کشت، رشد و تغذیه گیاه آهار (Zinnia elegans)
مریم مرعشی داود شفقتیان علی محبوب خمامیتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 Moreتجمع بیش از حد آزولا در تالاب های گیلان، در حال حاضر یک مشکل زیست محیطی است. به همین منظور ، مطالعه­ای برای بررسی تأثیر کمپوست آزولا بر روی محیط رشد گیاه زینتی آهار (Zinnia elegans) انجام شد. تیمار شاهد یک خاک لوم شنی بود که کمپوست آزولا در مقادیر 10 ، 20 ، 30 ، 40 و 50 درصد حجم جایگزین خاک شدند. این تحقیق بر اساس یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه عدد از هر گیاه با 54 گلدان انجام شد. خصوصیات شیمیایی بستر شامل هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، مقدار نیتروژن و میزان فسفر و پتاسیم اندازه­گیری شد. شاخص­های رشد گیاه شامل وزن تر و خشک برگ، ساقه، ریشه و گل و مقدار کلروفیل برگ و غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­های گیاه آهار اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان رشد در تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست آزولا و کمترین میزان رشد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. کمپوست آزولا باعث افزایش غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در برگ­ها شد که این نشان­دهنده افزایش کیفیت تغذیه گیاه است. مقادیر بیشتر کمپوست (40 و 50 درصد) باعث کاهش شاخص­های رشد گیاه در مقایسه با تیمارهای 20 و 30 درصد کمپوست شد، اما در تیمارهای مشابه، رشد گیاه به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر از شاهد بود. به­طورکلی می توان نتیجه گرفت که کمپوست آزولا می­تواند به­عنوان ماده آلی مناسبی در محیط کشت آهار مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect of Phosphatic Fertilizers on Chemical Composition and Total Phosphorus Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Muhammad Bilal Khan Muhammad Iqbal Lone Rehmat Ullah -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of Seed Inoculation with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Yield and Growth faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at the Different Values of Phosphorus Fertilizers
Peyman Sharifi Zeinab MaghbolKerdar This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculation More This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculationand uninoculation) and six levels of phosphate fertilizer from super phosphate triple source (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha). Pseudomonas effect was significant on pod length, number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P≤ 0.01). Effect of phosphate fertilizer was significant on number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P≤ 0.01). Interaction effects of two factors were significant on all of the studied traits except of harvest index (P≤ 0.01). The highest value of phosphorous seed content (355 ppm) was observed in combination treatment of 150 kg P/ha and Pseudomonas inoculation. Seed yield was 3893.3 kg/ha in combination of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha), which there was no significant differences with 120 and 150 kg P/ha. This fertilizer combination increased 38 percent seed yield in comparison to 90 kg/ha phosphate fertilizer and uninoculation of Pseudomonas bacteria. Overall, the inoculation with Pseudomonas bacteria and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha) could achieve seed yield potential, reduce the adverse environmental impacts and save the P-fertilizer utilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of Pseudomonas and chemical fertilizer of potassium sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn (Zea mays L.)
Layla Neiayeshpoor1 Seyed Keyvan Marashi2 Abolali GilaniIn order to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria and potassium sulfate fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in summer 2015 in Shavo MoreIn order to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria and potassium sulfate fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of corn an experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in summer 2015 in Shavour Agricultural Research Station, affiliated to the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan. The treatments included: T1: Without inoculation and use of potassium fertilizer at recommended rate (as control), T2: using autoclaved inoculum and using chemical fertilizer of potassium as recommended, T3: inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas and application of potassium fertilizer to Recommended rate, T4: Inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas without the use of potassium fertilizer and T5: Inoculation with biological fertilizer of Pseudomonas and Potassium fertilizer use were 50% less than recommended rate. The results showed that the effect of treatments on the number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, starch percentage and potassium percentage of seed and in regard to phosphorus percentage was not significant. The maximum grain yield and biological yield was belonged to T3 treatment. T4 treatment showed the minimum grain yield and biological yield. There was no significant difference between two treatments of T3 and T5 in terms of starch percentage. The highest amount of potassium was obtained from T3 treatment and showed the lowest amount of T4 treatment. In general, there was no significant difference between T3 and T5 treatments in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of yield and the T5 treatment was recommended as a suitable treatment due to reduced potassium fertilizer in terms of sustainable agriculture and reduction of environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antibacterial activities of novel nanocomposite films chitosan/phosphorus triamide/Fe3O4 NPs
samad yarahmadi niloufar dorosti maryam pas abdul naser mohammadiIn this work, new nano-composite of chitosan/phosphorus triamide with Fe3O4 NPs (1, 2.5, 5%) was prepared. The Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized at size of about 18-24 nm with a spherical morphology through co-precipitation method by using FeCl3.9H2O and FeCl2.4H2O salts. The MoreIn this work, new nano-composite of chitosan/phosphorus triamide with Fe3O4 NPs (1, 2.5, 5%) was prepared. The Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized at size of about 18-24 nm with a spherical morphology through co-precipitation method by using FeCl3.9H2O and FeCl2.4H2O salts. The phosphorus triamide derivative was synthesized from the reaction of tert-butylamine with phosphoryl chloride. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of chitosan, phosphorus triamide, Fe3O4 NPs, chitosan/phosphorus triamide, and chitosan/phosphorus triamide/1-5% Fe3O4 NPs were investigated and the results confirmed the formation of the desired films. Further, morphology and the size of nanoparticles were investigated by changing ultrasonic frequency (37 and 80 Hz) and power (30, 60, and 100 W). The in vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against two gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and one gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria. Nanocomposite containing higher percent of Fe3O4 NPs showed more antibacterial activities. Results also displayed greater antibacterial effects against B. cereus bacterium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of salinity on morphological and physiological activities Accumulation in Mustard Plant (Brassica nigra.)
Mahroo Ghadrian -
Open Access Article
73 - Effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of nutrient elements in Bakraee and Sour orange seedlings
Y. Karami Mohammad Mehdi Faghihi Y. Hosseini R. Rezazadeh A. ShahryariThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of some mineral nutrients in seedlings of Bakraee and sour orange. The experiment involved a factorial combination of two species Bakraee (natural hybrid o MoreThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on concentration of some mineral nutrients in seedlings of Bakraee and sour orange. The experiment involved a factorial combination of two species Bakraee (natural hybrid of citrus) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and three culture media (non-sterile soil without fungi, sterile soil without fungi, and sterile soil with mycorrhizal fungi) in a completely randomized design. Seeds of Bakraee and sour orange were sown in pots containing different culture media. The studied attributes were concentration of phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in shoots. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in concentration of these nutrient elements in shoot of mycorrhizal treated sour oranges compared to non-mycorrhizal ones. The concentration of nutrient elements was more in shoot of Bakraee inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus, and significant difference (P<0.05) was observed (except for iron) compared to non-inoculated sterile soil. In conclusion, the results showed that G. intraradices increased the concentration of phosphorous, iron, zinc, manganese and copper in shoots of Bakraee and sour orange seedlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Study the effects of mychorryisa fungus on vegetative growth and nutrient uptake in three apple cultivars ('Red delicious', 'Golden delicious' and 'Starking')
Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Zeinab Mohasedat Kazem KamliThis study aimed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal Fungi on growth characteristics and nutrient uptake in three apple varieties. Experiments were performed according to complete block design in a split plot randomized with eight replications. The treatments were MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal Fungi on growth characteristics and nutrient uptake in three apple varieties. Experiments were performed according to complete block design in a split plot randomized with eight replications. The treatments were consisted of four levels of mycorrhiza (0, 70, 100 and 120 grams per pot) and three varieties of apples (‘Red Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starking’). Some characteristics consisted of leaf area, leaf number, plant height and diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves, chlorophyll a and b, phosphorus, nitrogen, zinc and copper were measured. The results showed that the use of mycorrhizal fungi in the apple growth media, significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number and chlorophyll a and b compared to the control. Inoculation of AM fungi were non-significant on leaf N status and decreased leaf P content of apple plantlets but leaf N and P uptake were increased compared to uninoculated control. By the application of AM fungi, Fe and Zn content of leaves decreased. The highest Fe and Zn leaf uptake was obtained in ‘Red delicious’ treated by 70 g AMF fertilizer per pot. According to the results, 70 gr mycorrhizal per pot had more effect to vegetative growth and nutrient uptake of apple plantlets. So, this amount of fertilizer, is advised for apple plantlets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Effect of irrigation regime and phosphorus application methods on phosphorus recovery efficiency and grain yield of two rapeseed cultivars
R. Baladi E. Bijanzadeh R. NaderiTo investigate the effects of water deficit and chemical phosphorus (P) application methods on yield and phosphorus recovery efficiency of two rapeseed cultivars, a field experiment was conducted at Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University d MoreTo investigate the effects of water deficit and chemical phosphorus (P) application methods on yield and phosphorus recovery efficiency of two rapeseed cultivars, a field experiment was conducted at Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University during 2013-2014. Treatments including irrigation regimes (common irrigation, cutting off irrigation at mid-flowering and mid-silique formation stages), P application methods (without P, broadcast and band) and rapeseed cultivars (Sarigol and RGS) were assigned in main plots, sub plots and sub sub plots, respectively. Results showed that cutting of irrigation at common irrigation with 25.31 seed numbers per silique had significant differences with mid-flowering with 22.25 seed numbers per silique and cutting of irrigation at mid-silique formation with 22.94 seed numbers per silique . In cutting of irrigation at mid-flowering and band application of P, RGS had the highest biological yield (12435 hg/ha). Common irrigation had the highest (11.02 kg/ha) and cutting of irrigation at mid-flowering had the lowest (5.95 kg/ha) P absorption amount. Overall, P recovery efficiency in broadcast and band application methods of P was 1.09% and 1.38%, respectively. RGS cultivar compared to Sarigol had maximum grain yield under cutting of irrigation at mid-flowering (3830 kg/ha) and mid-silique formation conditions (5428 kg/ha). RGS had the highest rate of assimilate remobilization under cutting off irrigation at mid-flowering and band application of P and it can prevent a further reduction in grain yield when exposed to late season water shortage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Effect of Sulfur Fertilizer and Thiobacillus on Qualitative Traits and Nutrients Concentration of Potato
Farhad Golmoradi marani مرتضی برمکی محمد صدقی محمدجواد فیروزیAbstract In order to study the effect of different amounts of sulfur fertilizer in the presence or absence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria (biosulfur) on qualitative traits and nutrients concentration in Potato cv. Agria, a factorial experiment was conducted based MoreAbstract In order to study the effect of different amounts of sulfur fertilizer in the presence or absence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria (biosulfur) on qualitative traits and nutrients concentration in Potato cv. Agria, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication, in research farm of the faculty of agricultural sciences, university of Mohaghegh Ardabili at during growing season 2011-2012. The experimental factors contain sulfur fertilizer in four levels zero, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1 and biosulfur as biofertilizer in two levels control (without application) and using Thiobacillus. The results showed that the effect of sulfur fertilizer on the starch, dry matter and nitrate of tuber, also Thiobacillus, sulfur fertilizer interaction of those on the characteristics tuber yield per hectare, number of tuber per plant, content potassium and phosphorus of tuber and the soil pH were significant effect. highest amount of tuber yield per hectare, number of tuber plant and content phosphorus and potassium of tuber by application of 400 kg ha-1 Sulfur and terms of using Thiobacillus bacteria was obtained. The application of sulfur fertilizer and biosulfur was reduced soil pH, so that the highest rate of soil pH was observed in terms without application of sulfur and Thiobacillus bacteria. The highest amount starch and dry matter of tuber by using 400 kg ha-1 of Sulfur was resulted. Generally the application of 400 kg ha-1 sulfur with Thiobacillus bacteria recommended to increase the quantity and quality of potato in a calcareous soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Effect of integrate nutrition of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower
M. Ghanbari M. Mirzakhani A. HashemiIncreasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carr MoreIncreasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carried out in Fatholmobin field of Kashan in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Chemical fertilizer treatment (Control, 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 25 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and animal manure treatment (Control, 20 ton ha-1, 40 ton ha-1), were assigned in plots. Stem height, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, grains per boll, boll harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were determined. Results indicated that the interaction effects between chemical fertilizer and animal manure on 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were significant. The highest and lowest of grain yield 1031 and 268 kg ha-1 were obtained in 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + 20 t ha-1 of animal manure and without application of the chemical and animal manure, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The effect of different levels of phosphorus fertilizer and different planting density on yield and yield component of Persian shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.)
M. Kheikhah F. Mohammadkhani M. GhorbanzadehAbstract Allium altissimum Regel. is a perennial species of Alliaceae family whose storage tissue is bulb which grows as a wild plant on different slops of mountainous regions and under the canopy of trees and shrubs in gardens. Due to the unsustainable exploitation of MoreAbstract Allium altissimum Regel. is a perennial species of Alliaceae family whose storage tissue is bulb which grows as a wild plant on different slops of mountainous regions and under the canopy of trees and shrubs in gardens. Due to the unsustainable exploitation of A.altissimum and its possible extinction from natural habitats for food and pharmaceutical industries, conducting researches with regard to A.altissimum domestication, cultivation and mass production are required in order to prevent from the paucity of genetic resources. To achieve this goal, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of phosphorus fertilizer and plant density for A.altissimum which are essential parameters in its domestication. A field factorial experiment based on complete blocks design with tree replications was carried out. Treatments of this study were including density at tree levels (20, 30 and 40 plants per square meter) and phosphorus (superphosphate) at four levels (0, 150, 250 and 350 kg ha-1). The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer enhanced wet and dry bulbs yield, biologic yield, grain yield, height of plant. Furthermore, phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the harvest index of bulbs. Moreover, interactions plant density decreased wet and dry bulbs yield, biologic yield, grain yield, plant height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Screening for salt tolerance via assessment of ion levels and nutrient contents in Iranian alfalfa ecotypes
Masoud TorabiAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Ghargholog MoreAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Gharghologh, Shorkut, Bami and Nik-Shahri were evaluated for their response to salt stress in a split plot trial, where five ecotypes were as main plots and levels of salinity including 2, 6, 12, and 18 dS/m were as subplots. To assess of ion levels and nutrient contents the samples from shoots were obtained at each stage of salinity including 6, 12 and 18 dS/m. The results showed that the nutrients content and ion levels were affected by salt concentration and there were varying responses between ecotypes. Salt stress affected the concentration of Na+, Cl-, N, K+ but the concentration of P was not significantly affected by salinity levels. In terms of Na+, Cl-, N and K+ concentrations in shoot the ecotypes were significantly different, vice versa phosphorus concentration in shoot among the ecotypes was not significantly different. It is concluded that ecotype number 2 (Gharghologh) identified as the most tolerant ecotype because of minimum accumulation of Na+ and Cl- and maximum absorption of nutrients in its shoots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of time of foliar application and type of liquid fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of ratoon rice (var. Tarom)
M. Joukar M. Nasiri N. Kheyri M. HabibiIn order to study the effects of time of foliar application and type of liquid fertilizers on yield, yield components and qualitative traits of ratoon rice (var. Tarom), a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replic MoreIn order to study the effects of time of foliar application and type of liquid fertilizers on yield, yield components and qualitative traits of ratoon rice (var. Tarom), a field experiment was conducted as split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replicaties in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Deputy of Mazandaran in 2010. Treatments were time of liquid fertilizers application in three levels T1: Tillering+ Heading, T2: Heading+ Flowering and T3: Tillering+ Heading+ Flowering as main plot and type of liquid fertilizer in seven levels F1: Potassium biofull, F2: Phosphorus biofull, F3: Growth fertilizer of specific for rice, F4: Zinc of mehrvarzan, F5: Microfull of mehrvarzan, F6: Potassium biofull + Phosphorus biofull and F7: Control and no fertilizer application as sub plot. Results showed that the time of fertilizer application had no significant effect on yield, yield components and qualitative traits of grain. The type of liquid fertilizer had a significant effect on tiller number per hill, shell percentage, grain length after cooking and amylose content. The interaction effect between type and time of liquid fertilizer application on grain length after cooking was significant. The maximum tiller number was obtained with Potassium biofull+Phosphorus biofull application. The lowest shell percentage (18.67%) and the highest amylose content (21.56%) were obtained with phosphorus biofull application. The longest grain after cooking was obtained with phosphorus biofull application in time of tillering+heading with 12.97 mm. It seems that, the phosphorus biofull was considered as the best fertilizer for increasing the quality of ratoon rice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Effects of sulfur, vermicompost + Thiobacilus bacteria on some chemical properties of calcareous soil and phosphorus use efficiency of black seed
S.M. Seiedi P. Rezvani Moghadam M. Khaje Hosseini حمید شاهندهIn order to investigate the effects of increasing soluble phosphorus on seed production and phosphorus use efficiency of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in a calcareous soil, a greenhouse experiment with three replications was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdows MoreIn order to investigate the effects of increasing soluble phosphorus on seed production and phosphorus use efficiency of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) in a calcareous soil, a greenhouse experiment with three replications was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013. A complete randomized design was used based on factorial arrangement. The fertilizer resources (control, vermi compost, sulfur, vermicompost + sulfur, vermicompost + Thiobacilus bacteria, sulfur + Thiobacilus bacteria and vermicompost + sulfur + Thiobacilus bacteria) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 30 and 60 kg.ha-1) were the first and second experimental factors, respectively. Sulfur + Thiobacilus bacteria and vermicompost + sulfur + Thiobacilus bacteria significantly decreased soil pH (by 0.85 and 0.80) and increased EC and available phosphorus of soil (more than 2.5 times), respectively. in condition of no phosphorus application, sulfur or sulfur + Thiobacilus bacteria had significantly effects on increasing the soil available phosphorus. Vermicompost + sulfur + Thiobacilus bacteria had the highest total plant dry weight and seed weight per plant. However, the lowest phosphorus uptake efficiency (15.31%) was observed in control treatment. In a calcareous soil, sulfur application individually or in combination with vermicompost treatment can be suitable approach in decreasing the problems caused by applying of chemical phosphorus fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Effect of different VAM Species and Phosphorus levels on yield and Physiological properties of safflower
Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi maliheh AsadiFertilizers like phosphorus chemical fertilizer are one of the most important inputs in increasing growth and yield, but results have shown that biofertilizers application can decrease need to chemical fertilizers. This trial had done in order to investigate effect of d MoreFertilizers like phosphorus chemical fertilizer are one of the most important inputs in increasing growth and yield, but results have shown that biofertilizers application can decrease need to chemical fertilizers. This trial had done in order to investigate effect of different chemical P levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and different VAM strains (control, Glomus mossae, G.intraradise , G.hoei and mixture of these three VAM) in three replication as factorial based on complete block design on growth, yield and physiologic properties of safflower. Based on results of this investigation highest grain and oil yield increase observed in 100 and 150 kg/ha, but there were not significant differences between these two phosphorus chemical fertilizer level in yield. phosphorus chemical fertilizer increased oil yield by increasing grain number and oil percent, but 100 grain weight negativelly impacted by phosphorus chemical fertilizer and VAM. Highest safflower grain and oil yield observed in Glomus intraradise and Glomus hoei. Under VAM effect Increase in grain number increased oil yield, but oil percent didnot effected by by VAM. Application of this two fertilizer improved phosphorus content too. Antioxidants contents and prolin of safflower increased by phosphorus chemical fertilizer and VAM application Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Study of Nitrogen Nutrition Index, Seedling Index, Concentration Nitrogen and Wheat Yield in Different Nutritional Regimens
Akram Moeinirad Ebrahim Zeynali Afshin Soltani Serolah GaleshiNitrogen and phosphorus are much in demand in plant and is known as elements limiting growth and yield in crops. In order to study yield, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), Chlorophyll index and nitrogen concentration under different regimes nutrition in wheat, a factorial MoreNitrogen and phosphorus are much in demand in plant and is known as elements limiting growth and yield in crops. In order to study yield, nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), Chlorophyll index and nitrogen concentration under different regimes nutrition in wheat, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications was done on the research field of Golestan province during growing seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The experimental factors were there net nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1 and five net phosphorus fertilizer rates of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P ha-1 .According to the results, traits under study in each three stage follow from simple linear regression model, as in each level nitrogen from different levels phosphorus, with increase rate of consumed phosphorus, traits under study were prospered from increasing trend and the maximum traits were recorded with 80 kg P ha-1 that yield was not showed significantly difference analysis with consumption of 60 kg P ha-1. Also The results this experiment showed that very strong relation is between nitrogen nutrition index(NNI), chlorophyll index and nitrogen available to plant, In view of the fact that measurement concentration nitrogen is very costly, take up time and need to expensive equipment, so measurement chlorophyll index by hand chlorophyll meter and transportable is very comfortable. in addition on nitrogen, phosphorus must be considered, also in order to reach to maximum yield consumption of 60 kg P net ha-1 is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the Correlation between Phosphorus and Zinc Levels with Leaf Chemistry and Pecan Nut Kernel Weight
Hasan Kadhim Nimr Ahmad Ismael Saber Ammar Daham Hind Ali Nasser Thair L. Mizal Kadhim Fadhil Kadhim Hayder Tariq -
Open Access Article
85 - بررسی عملکرد غده سیب زمینی به میزان مصرف نیتروژن و فسفر در جیرفت
مهدی ثباتی گاوگانیسیب زمینی یکی از گیاهان مهم زراعی جهان محسوب می شود. این گیاه از نظر میزان مصرف در سطح جهان بعد از برنج و گندم در جایگاه سوم قرار دارد، به همین دلیل این گیاه جزو گیاهان حافظ امنیت غذایی محسوب می شود. حاصلخیزی کم خاک مهمترین محدودیت برای تولید سیب زمینی است. کشاورزان بای Moreسیب زمینی یکی از گیاهان مهم زراعی جهان محسوب می شود. این گیاه از نظر میزان مصرف در سطح جهان بعد از برنج و گندم در جایگاه سوم قرار دارد، به همین دلیل این گیاه جزو گیاهان حافظ امنیت غذایی محسوب می شود. حاصلخیزی کم خاک مهمترین محدودیت برای تولید سیب زمینی است. کشاورزان باید با استفاده از کودهای معدنی که بهره وری خاک را اصلاح می کند، با این مشکل مقابله کنند. استفاده از مقدار مناسب کود NP عامل اصلی در تولید سیب زمینی است. یک آزمایش مزرعه ای در فصل زراعی اصلی 1401 و 1402 برای بررسی میزان بهینه NP بر عملکرد غده سیب زمینی در منطقه جیرفت، در مزرعه انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن (0، 46، 92، 138 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و سه سطح فسفر (0، 46، 69 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار ترکیب شدند. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از 92 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در جیرفت توصیه می شود. حتی اگر کاربرد P بر عملکرد غده سیب زمینی تأثیری نداشته باشد، باید 23 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر برای حفظ حاصلخیزی خاک استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - مقایسه واکنش زراعی آفتابگردان آجیلی و روغنی در شرایط مختلف کود فسفر و روی
H. Madaniاقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات Moreاقدام در پاسخ به روغن و آجیل نوع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annus L. cv. زاریا نوع روغنی و آجیل قلمی) به پایه و سطوح مختلف کود فسفر و روی در شرایط مزرعه این آزمایش در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اراک انجام شد. سطح فسفر 350، 175، 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر و PSB خالص، سطوح روی 0، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار از سولفات روی، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده شد. در شکل خاک از سولفات روی علاوه بر روی محلول 10% و روی محلول 10% به عنوان محلول پاشی انفرادی استفاده می شود. نتیجه توضیح می دهد که در آفتابگردان نوع روغن اوج عملکرد دانه 2.52 تن در هکتار در 100 گرم در هکتار باکتری حل کننده فسفر بود. برای آفتابگردان آجیلی 3.68 تن در هکتار با حمایت 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود سوپر فسفات به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی بود. استفاده از ترکیب سوپر فسفات 175 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدون ترکیب روی و همچنین 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپر فسفات سه گانه به اضافه 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات روی، تأثیر یکسانی بر عرض سر سر آفتابگردان روغنی به میزان 15.3 تا 15.4 سانتی متر به عنوان بیشترین قطر سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی داشت. . کمترین اندازه سر در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی با استفاده از کود سوپر فسفات سه گانه 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار و محلول پاشی روی محلول 10 درصد به میزان 10.33 سانتی متر بود. اندازهگیریهای ضخامت ساقه تحت تأثیر تیمارهای ما در هر دو نوع آفتابگردان و مقایسه میانگینها برای شاخص سطح برگ نشان میدهد که در نوع آفتابگردان روغنی بالاترین شاخص شاخص سطح برگ توسط PSB خالص در شرایط کاربرد غیر روی بهدست آمد (4.09). در نوع آفتابگردان آجیلی نیز حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ در 350 کیلوگرم در هکتار استفاده از سوپر فسفات سه گانه به همراه محلول پاشی روی محلول در کرت های 10 درصد (09/6)برآورد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - تاثیر مقادیر مختلف فسفر و نیتروژن بر عملکرد غده و صفات زراعی سیب زمینی
مجید زاهدی دهنوئی حسن سرحدی مهدی ثباتی گاوگانیسیب زمینی یکی از گیاهان مهم زراعی جهان محسوب می شود. این گیاه از نظر میزان مصرف در سطح جهان بعد از برنج و گندم در جایگاه سوم قرار دارد، به همین دلیل این گیاه جزو گیاهان حافظ امنیت غذایی محسوب می شود. حاصلخیزی کم خاک مهمترین محدودیت برای تولید سیب زمینی است. کشاورزان بای Moreسیب زمینی یکی از گیاهان مهم زراعی جهان محسوب می شود. این گیاه از نظر میزان مصرف در سطح جهان بعد از برنج و گندم در جایگاه سوم قرار دارد، به همین دلیل این گیاه جزو گیاهان حافظ امنیت غذایی محسوب می شود. حاصلخیزی کم خاک مهمترین محدودیت برای تولید سیب زمینی است. کشاورزان باید با استفاده از کودهای معدنی که بهره وری خاک را اصلاح می کند، با این مشکل مقابله کنند. استفاده از مقدار مناسب کود NP عامل اصلی در تولید سیب زمینی است. یک آزمایش مزرعه ای در فصل زراعی اصلی 1401 و 1402 برای بررسی میزان بهینه NP بر عملکرد غده سیب زمینی در منطقه جیرفت، در مزرعه انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن (0، 46، 92، 138 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و سه سطح فسفر (0، 46، 69 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار ترکیب شدند. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از 92 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار در جیرفت توصیه می شود. حتی اگر کاربرد P بر عملکرد غده سیب زمینی تأثیری نداشته باشد، باید 23 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود فسفر برای حفظ حاصلخیزی خاک استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Evaluation of Phosphorus and Zinc Concentration in Oil and Confectionary Sunflower Plant Parts in Modified Fertilization
Hamid Madani -
Open Access Article
89 - Effect of Biofertilizers and Chemical Fertilizers on Phosphorus Uptake and Wheat Yield
MOHAMMAD BAGHERI MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI -
Open Access Article
90 - Flow and Effects of Phosphorus From Soil to Plant
HEYDAR NAEIM DELFI MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI -
Open Access Article
91 - Assessment of Planting Distribution Effects and Phosphorus Rate on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Agronomic Characteristics and Yield in Freidan Region (Esfahan)
H. Turajzadeh M. R. Naderi Darbaghshahi A. Soleimani A. R. Golparvar In order to evaluate of the planting distribution effects and phosphorus rate on potato agronomic characteristics and yield, this study was conducted in an agricultural research farm, located in Freidan, in the province of Isfahan in 2009-2010. More In order to evaluate of the planting distribution effects and phosphorus rate on potato agronomic characteristics and yield, this study was conducted in an agricultural research farm, located in Freidan, in the province of Isfahan in 2009-2010. The study was conducted in the form of strip plots designed as randomized complete blocks with four replications. The horizontal factor included four different planting distribution styles of single rows, double rows, zigzag, and three rows with respective planting densities of 5.3, 6.6, 6.6 and 8 per m2. The vertical factor included four different levels of phosphorus, including controls,10 percent, 20 percent and 30 percent increase in consumption above the recommended level. By reducing the row spacing and increasing density in the three-row planting distribution with 10 percent phosphorus increase, stem height, total air plant weight, leaf area index, number of tubers and tuber yield increased significantly per unit area. The maximum tuber yield equal 53 tons per hectare obtained from treatment of three-row planting distribution+10 percent phosphorus. According to the results, the single-row planting distribution with 10 percent phosphorus produce 38 tons per hectare and larger size tubers would be appropriate in tuber production for domestic consumption and the three row planting distribution with 10 percent phosphorus produce 53 tons per hectare and smaller size tubers would be appropriate in tuber production for seeding purposes in terms similar to those of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The study of biological manure effect on decreasing demand chemical fertilizer in Hyssopus officinalis L
N. Nemati A. Pazoki GH. Naderi S. TaherabadiThere is noticeable insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium have not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. Today, the lack of this element have compensate with use of chemical Fertilizer, chemical fertilizer have harmful effect on the bioenvironment MoreThere is noticeable insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium have not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. Today, the lack of this element have compensate with use of chemical Fertilizer, chemical fertilizer have harmful effect on the bioenvironmental and decrease quality of agriculture production. Literally in nowadays for developing sustainable agriculture execute system with sufficient form inputs with integrated usage of chemical fertilizer and bio fertilizer specially bio fertilizer as a effective solution for replacing Agriculture for produce crop and keeping yield crop in a acceptable level. This study had performed in order to; study the effect of the release Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on Hyssopus officinalis L. This experiment performed in the randomized complete blocks base design as a factorial with three frequencies. Two level Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PS1: use Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria), (PS0: no use Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria) and five level (P0: 0kg/h pure P2O5), (P90: 90 kg/h pure P2O5) (p115: 115 kg/h pure P2O5), (P140:140 kg/h pure P2O5), (P165:165 kg/h pure P2O5). In this research used Triple phosphate super as phosphate fertilizer and Baver2 as Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.This research had performed in Arak in year 1388. The results of this experiment showed that, the mixture of biologic phosphorus and Triple phosphate super, Characteristic. plant height, flower branch height, the number of flower branch,percent of essential oil, yield of essential oil per hectare, noticeable increase with application phosphorus fertilizer treatment as compared with non-phosphorus fertilizer treatment.Almost use of 90 Kg/h with Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was best in total Characteristic. Interaction between phosphorus and Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria all of characteristic was signification. it can be concluded that, we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer to 50% in the seeds yield, by using release bacteria, without any significant reduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Comparison the effect of biologic fertilizer with chemical on oil sunflower (helianthus annus) in Arak condition
M. Moradi H. Madani M. A. Malboubi R. Pilehvari KhomamiThis is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RC MoreThis is noticeable that insoluble phosphorus in the soil and some of bacterium has not capability of release insoluble phosphorus. This study was performed in order to study the effect of the release bacteria sunflower (helianthus annus). This experiment performed in RCBD based on a factorial design with 4 replications. This research was performed in the research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University during 2008. Factors were considered as two level Bacteria (B1: use Biologic phosphorus), (B2: no use Biologic phosphorus) and four level (P1; 150 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P2; 300 kg/ha Ammonium phosphate), (P3; 150 kg/ha Triple phosphate super) and (P4: 300 kg/ha triple phosphate super). The results showed that using mixture of biologic phosphorus and Ammonium phosphate caused to improve planted sunflower. Characteristic such as weight of 1000 seeds, the number of seeds per head, yield of seed per hectare, head diameter, harvest index and biomass yield noticeable increase. Interaction of phosphorus and bacteria except in the empty percent and oil percent in the other characteristic was signification on the whole. Totally, results showed that by using released bacteria we can reduce phosphorus fertilizer by 50% without any significant reduction of yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Comparison of chemical and biological phosphorus fertilizers in potato
A. SefidgaranThis experiment was conducted to evaluate solublizing bacteria and chemical phosphorus on three varieties of potato.Arandomized complete block design whit a split split plot layout was used in three replication.This investigation was carried out in a farm in Enaj, one o MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate solublizing bacteria and chemical phosphorus on three varieties of potato.Arandomized complete block design whit a split split plot layout was used in three replication.This investigation was carried out in a farm in Enaj, one of the environs of Arak. The result show that the use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and its con frontation with other factors, were significantly affected the studied qualities about wet weight a erial part, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers, the phosphorus content of tubers and prominent of baruest. It caused significantly in creasing in yield parameters, especially tubers yield comparing to chemical treatment at 1% level. The result also showed that the interaction effect of phosphate solubizing bacteria and chemical hosphorus, showed significant advantage in qualities of wet weight and dry weight of aerial part, dry weight of tuber, number of main stems per plant, Biomous yield and the phosphorus content per bush at 5%level. There was no significant difference at application treatment of phosphate solublizing bacteria with 75kg of chemical phosphate, in the yield aspect with the application of 15kg chemicalphosphate fertilizer. The results show that the application of chemical phosphorus in the most qualities suchas yield of tuber, the percentage of absorbed phosphorus, phosphate content of bush, dry weight of aerial part and biomas yield. Showed difference at 1% level and lead to the most result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Study of different effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative yield of Safflower in Sistan region
M. Sadegh Bakhtiari H. Ganjali A. Mehraban A. EbrahimiIn order to examine the effects of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield quality and quantity of safflower in the Sistan region in 1389-90 experimental field research station of Agriculture and Natural Resources Zahak was performed. Factors examined inclu MoreIn order to examine the effects of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield quality and quantity of safflower in the Sistan region in 1389-90 experimental field research station of Agriculture and Natural Resources Zahak was performed. Factors examined included from urea source nitrogen levels in the order N1 (control), N2 (80 kg/ha), N3 (160 kg/ha) and N4 (240/ha kg) to 1/3 before planting, 1/3 Phase out the rosette and 1/3 prior to flowering and phosphorus the three levels and the P1 (control), P2 (75 kg/ha), P3 (150 kg/ha) were before. A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted on the phenomenon of safflower varieties. Based on the results of variance analysis for seed yield and oil yield nitrogen use at the level of %1 and %5 and %1 level for phosphorus and nitrogen in oil for %5 level was significant.In this study, the highest seed yield, oil percentage and oil yield to treatment N3P2 (consumption of 160 kg nitrogen and 75 kg phosphorus per hectare) of 4067 kg/ha, %26/81 and 1089 kg/ha and minimum of the control N1P1 (no consumption of nitrogen and phosphorus) of 2208 kg/ha, %25/07 and 552/7 kg/ha, respectively. The seed yield variation, oil percentage and oil yield from the second relation follows that with increasing amounts of fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are more bearish trend was observed in these traits. In experiments conducted greatest height, boll number per plant and biological yield the highest levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatment N4P3 (consumed 240 kg N and 150 kg P per hectare) rate 134/4 cm, 12/90 boll and 18050 kg/ha and the least rate of control N1P1 101/4 cm, 5 boll and 11270 kg/ha, and citing surveys taken treatment N3P2 with 47/53 g most and treatment N1P1 with 45/03 g lowest seed weight had the highest proportion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating of boron and zinc compound application on corn seed set in Mazandaran environment, Iran
M. Ghadamgahi H. Madani Sh. KhaghaniThe experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried MoreThe experiments to evaluate the possibility of enriching sunflower seeds nuts on the farm by bacteria release phosphorus sulfat, In a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plot, Arak Islamic Azad University Research Farm in 1390 was carried out. Factors include four levels of P (P1, P2, P3 and P4, respectively, 350 kg ammonium phosphate ha175 kg ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and 175 kg P -2 reproductive biology, biological phosphorus fertilization -2) and four levels of zinc(Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, respectively, of zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate 25 kg ha sprayed on with a concentration of 10%, 25 kg ha sprayed zinc and zinc) were considered. Foliar application of zinc and phosphorus-releasing bacteria in the field, In the pre-flowering and 10 days after return again. The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The grain yield per hectare, biological yield, head diameter, harvest index, The results showed that the highest yield of 50% ammonium phosphate ha treated with biological phosphorus fertilization -2 And application of zinc dust consumption of 78/5632kg ha treatments applied at 50% -2 Biological phosphorus fertilized with ammonium phosphate with zinc sulfate soil and foliar application of zinc Rate of 52/5493kg per hectare, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the current agricultural and ecological systems
P. Moradi N. A. Sajedi M. GomarianIn order to evaluate response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the common agricultural and ecological systems, an experimental carried out as split plot design a randomized complete block with four replications in the village o MoreIn order to evaluate response of quantity and quality traits of forage maize to macroelements and zinc in the common agricultural and ecological systems, an experimental carried out as split plot design a randomized complete block with four replications in the village of Qara-Chai that khondab city located. The main plots included in organic and chemical fertilizer treatments at six levels: 100, 75 and 50% NPK fertilizer recommended by the laboratory, 75% NPK fertilizers + 10 t/ha manure, 50% fertilizers NPK + 25 t/ha manure, 40 t/ha of manure, and subplots sprayed with different concentrations of zinc sulfate in three of control (no spray), sprayed with zinc sulphate two and four per thousand. Results showed that maximum forage yield 92291 kg/ha was recorded from 40 t/ha manure that with 75% NPK fertilizers combined with application of 10 t/ha manure with forage yield equal to 88845 kg/ha was no significant difference. The foliar application of zinc at a concentration of 4 per thousand, the highest yield (87379 kg/ha) were produced. The highest protein content (12.59 %) was obtained from treatment 40 t/ha of manure. The foliar application of zinc sulfate at concentration of 4 per thousand showed that highest protein content (18.73%). foliar application of two and four per thousand zinc sulfate concentrations increased the grain yield by 8, 9 and 23.08 % compared to the control. The maximum of zinc concentration (47.13 mg/kg) was recorded from application of zincsulfate at the rate of 4 per thousand. In general, results showed that application of 75% NPK recommended combined with 10% t/ha manure along with foliar application of 4 per thousand zinc sulfate can obtain good quantitative and qualitative yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Effect of Pb- exposure on Serum Calcium and Phosphorus Components among Pb- Battery Manufacturing Workers
Ravibabu kalahasthi Barman Tapu -
Open Access Article
99 - The Effect of Phosphorus and Sulfur Nanofertilizers on the Growth and Nutrition of Ocimum basilicum in Response to Salt Stress
Zarrin Taj Alipour -
Open Access Article
100 - A Biochemical Study of Fibroblast Growth Factor -23 and Phosphorus Metabolism in Adult Patients with Obstructive Renal Failure in Babylon-Iraq
Mohammed K. Kadhim Ban M. Shaker Al-joda Mohammed R. Jood -
Open Access Article
101 - Optimization of Aeration for Improving Performance of Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant
Zahra Hezarian ehsan derikvand afshin takdastan -
Open Access Article
102 - Determining Chlorpyrifos Residue in Apples Case Study: Damavand orchards
Zahra Haddad nezhad Omid Mohamadalikhan Shahrzad Khoram nejadian -
Open Access Article
103 - The effects of interaction between the elements phosphorus and zinc are some traits of soybean cultivars of sari.
Jaber Mehdiniya Afra Seyyed Soheil MaenaviPhosphorus (P) and Zinc (Zn) are the essential elements for plants that have various effects on different plants. In order to study of P and Zn interactions on soybean, a pot experiment was conducted as factorial trial was arranged in a completely randomized design with MorePhosphorus (P) and Zinc (Zn) are the essential elements for plants that have various effects on different plants. In order to study of P and Zn interactions on soybean, a pot experiment was conducted as factorial trial was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2011. Factors tested included three levels of P (0, 50 and 100 mg.kg) of Triple super phosphate, three levels of Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg.kg) of zinc sulphate. Mean comparisons of P effect showed that leaf and seed P concentration significantly increase and leaf and shoot Zn concentration significantly decrease with increasing of P levels, but had no significant effect on seed protein and seed Zn concentration. Maximum seed oil was obtained in 50 mg.kg P level. Mean comparisons of Zn effect showed that leaf, shoot and seed Zn concentration significantly increase and seed P concentration significantly decrease with increasing of Zn levels but had no significant effect on leaf P concentration, seed protein and seed oil. The highest P concentration in the seed was obtained with 100 mg.kg P and 5 mg.kg Zn treatments and the highest zinc concentration in the seed was obtained with 50 mg.kg P and 10 mg.kg Zn treatments. In conclusion, interaction of these elements had various effects on quality characteristics of soybean and balance Application of P and Zn in soil increases of these elements and oil in plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Evaluation of serum calcium and phosphorus macrominerals changes in downer dairy cows following milk fever current therapy in dairy cattle farms around Tehran
Mahdi Moghimi Kheirabadi Mahdi Sakha Shahabeddin Safi Pejman MortazaviDowner cow syndrome refers to cows that become recumbent and fail to rise; this is a major concern in dairy farms worldwide. The syndrome occurs mainly in the early postparturient period and is caused by several diseases. The most common cause of downer cow syndrome is MoreDowner cow syndrome refers to cows that become recumbent and fail to rise; this is a major concern in dairy farms worldwide. The syndrome occurs mainly in the early postparturient period and is caused by several diseases. The most common cause of downer cow syndrome is hypocalcemia (milk fever). This study evaluated the serum concentration of macrominerals(Ca, P) in downer dairy cows that they had treated for milk fever. Blood samples were collected from 30 Holstein downer cows that could not rise 15-18 hours after recumbency and after first treatments. Serum concentration of macrominerals (Ca, P) were determined. In this study the 11 downer cows were hypocalcemic with hypophosphatemic. In the 17 downer cows calcium concentration was below 8mg/dl and in the 21 downer cows phosphorus concentration was below 5.5mg/dl. The serum phosphorus concentratio above 6.5 mg/dl observed in the 7 downer cows that the 6 cows had hyperphosphatemia with hypocalcemia. In this study, hypercalcemia was not in any cases but the 23.3% downer cows had hyperphosphatemia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Investigating the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus biofertilizers on morphological and physiological traits of red beans in Borujerd region
مریم Zivardar امین Farnia علی khorgamiIn order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus biological fertilizers on the yield of red beans, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with replication in the agricultural year of 2012 in a farm located in MoreIn order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus biological fertilizers on the yield of red beans, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with replication in the agricultural year of 2012 in a farm located in Bravar region of Borojar city. The experimental treatments included the use of biological nitrogen fertilizers including nitroxin and 2 special bean rhizobium fertilizers nitro cara fertilizer (control sample) was used. Phosphorous fertilizers including: bio superphosphate fertilizing 2.without fertilizer (control sample) were investigated. Based on the results of this research, it was determined that the mutual effect of the use of nitrogen and phosphorus biological fertilizers on plant height traits, the number of seeds per pod, as well as the simple effect of phosphorus biological fertilizer on the characteristics of the weight of one thousand seeds, the number of pods per plant, and the simple effect of nitrogen biological fertilizer on the characteristics of economic performance was significant at the 1% probability level. Also, the simple effect of phosphorus fertilizer was significant. Economic yield is significant at the 5% probability level. The simple effect of nitrogen and phosphorus and the mutual effects of fertilizers on the attributes of thousand-seed weight and the number of pods per plant are insignificant. The results of the comparison table of Duncan's mean show that in terms of grain yield, the highest yield of red bean seeds is related to fertilizer. Biological nitrogen level (Nitro kara) is 634.2 kg/h, and also the highest number of seeds per pod and the number of pods per plant are related to biological nitrogen fertilizer level (Nitro kara) is 7 seeds per pod and 19.33 pods per plant, respectively. In total, Nitro kara biological fertilizer had the most positive effect on the performance and performance components of beans, which can be used to prevent excessive use of chemical fertilizers and environmental problems caused by their use, while producing good and stable products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Response of agronomic indices, quality and quantity yield of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) to the integrated application of bio-chemical phosphorus fertilizers
Javad Hamzei Afshar Azadbakht Seyed Mohsen Seyedi Farshid Sadeghi Saeid NajariThe aim of this research was to evaluate the response of agronomic indices and quality and quantity yield of fennel to integrated application of bio-chemical phosphorus fertilizer. So, ten treatments (factorial combination of application and non-application mycorrhiza w MoreThe aim of this research was to evaluate the response of agronomic indices and quality and quantity yield of fennel to integrated application of bio-chemical phosphorus fertilizer. So, ten treatments (factorial combination of application and non-application mycorrhiza with five levels of zero, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mg phosphorus per pot) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications. Effect of treatments on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbel per plant, number of umbelest per umbel, number of seed per umbel, number of seed per umbelest, grain yield, biological yield and percent and essential oil yield was significant. According to means comparison, the highest value of plant height (75cm), number of umbel per plant (35umbel), number of seed per umbel (325 seed), grain yield (16 gr per plant), biological yield (35 gr per plant), essential oil percent (2.71%) and essential oil yield (0.43 gr per plant) were achieved at mycorrhizal plants with application of 300 mg phosphorus. But, number of seed per umbelest with comparison to the control treatment (without application of chemical or bio fertilizer) decreased. In general, results showed that integrated application of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers improved quantity and quality traits of fennel and decreased consumption of chemical phosphorus fertilizer which is in agreement with the sustainable production of medicinal plants and safe environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Spectroscopic study of diphenyl [(S)-(–)-1-phenylpropanamido]-phosphate: differences of diastereotopic groups
Farnaz Eslami Mehrdad Pourayoubi Fahimeh Sabbaghi Sahar BaniyaghoobAbstract The synthesis and crystal structure of diphenyl [(S)-(–)-1-phenylpropanamido]-phosphate, (C6H5O)2P(O)[NH-(S)-(–)CH(C2H5)(C6H5)], was previously reported. Here, the spectroscopic features (1H-NMR, 13C{1H}-NMR, 31P{1H}-NMR and IR) are investigated. In the 1H-NMR MoreAbstract The synthesis and crystal structure of diphenyl [(S)-(–)-1-phenylpropanamido]-phosphate, (C6H5O)2P(O)[NH-(S)-(–)CH(C2H5)(C6H5)], was previously reported. Here, the spectroscopic features (1H-NMR, 13C{1H}-NMR, 31P{1H}-NMR and IR) are investigated. In the 1H-NMR and 13C{1H}-NMR spectra, the diastereotopic C6H5O groups show two sets of signals. Typically, in the 13C{1H}-NMR spectrum, the doublets at 151.08/151.20 ppm and 120.52/120.55 ppm, with 2JCP = 6.5/6.6 Hz for the first pair and 3JCP = 4.9/4.7 Hz for the second pair are associated to the diastereotopic ipso-C atoms and diastereotopic ortho-C atoms. In the 1H-NMR spectrum, the signals related to diastereotopic phenyl groups overlap with those of phenyl group of chiral amine. The ipso-carbon atom of chiral amine fragment appears a doublet signal at 144.85 ppm (3JCP = 2.7 Hz). The phosphorus signal (31P{1H}-NMR) appears at –0.49 ppm. in this work NMR and spectroscopic main part are going to be consider and proved because of the chiral importance in drug delivery. Keywords: Amidophosphodiester; IR; NMR; Phosphorus-carbon coupling constant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Comparison of Tribological Behavior of Single-Layer and Multilayer Electroless Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings in the Presence of Al2O3 and SiC Reinforcing Particles
A.I. Abduljaleel Al Rabeeah M. Razazi BoroujeniDue to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the MoreDue to their morphology, chemical composition, and phase structure, electroless nickel-phosphorus coatings are used on various substrates, including st37 steel, with the aim of improving working life in various industries. The latest generation of these coatings is the multilayer or hybrid type of nickel-phosphorus electroless coatings. In this research, for the first time, a three-layer Ni-P/Ni-P-Al2O3/Ni-P-SiC coating was produced and its tribological properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction test, energy beam spectrometer, optical and electron microscope images, hardness measurement, roughness measurement, adhesion test (according to ASTM B571 standard), and pin-on-disk wear (according to ASTM-G99 standard) were used for characterization. In the X-ray diffraction pattern related to the multilayer coating, in addition to the amorphous nickel-phosphorus phase, SiC and Al2O3 phases were also seen. The hardness of multilayer coating was 126 Vickers more than that of single-layer coating. The adhesion of all the coatings was very good, so after performing the bending test, no galling was observed in the coatings. In general, it was found that the use of multi-layer coating compared to single-layer coating (with the same thickness) leads to increased hardness, better adhesion, and superior wear behavior. The wear mechanism of the coatings was also evaluated with the help of electron microscope images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The wear mechanism of the electroless nickel-phosphorus coating was delamination and Abrasive, while the hybrid coating changed the mechanism to adhesive by creating a gradient of mechanical properties and lubrication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Injection of Vitamin B12 and Phosphorus around Mating: Effect on Metabolic Status and Reproductive Performance of Afshari Ewes
E. Rostamnia F. Fatahnia M. Shamsollahi Y. MohammadiThe effects of vitamin B12 (B12) and phosphorus (P) around mating on reproductive performance of ewes have not been investigated previously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of injection of a solution (Catosin 10%) contained B12 and P on metabolic s MoreThe effects of vitamin B12 (B12) and phosphorus (P) around mating on reproductive performance of ewes have not been investigated previously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of injection of a solution (Catosin 10%) contained B12 and P on metabolic status and different aspects of reproductive per-formance of ewes. A total of sixty multiparous Afshari ewes were divided into two groups (n=30 ewes/group) based on age, body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW). Animals were received either 5 mL of Catosin (B12+P) or 5 mL of sterile water (Control) subcutaneously every 7 days during 28 days before mating and until 7 days after mating. Each mL of Catosin contained 0.05 mg of cyanocobala-min and 100 mg of butaphosphan, which provided 17.3 mg of P in the form of [1-(butylamino)-1-methylethyl]-phosphonic acid. Two weeks after the start of the experiment, the estrus cycles of all ewes were synchronized using intravaginal 12-day CIDRs. Ewes receiving B12 + P had higher BW and BCS at day of CIDR removal and BCS at day 30 after mating (P<0.05). Plasma E2 and testosterone to P4 ratio at the day of CIDR removal tended to be lower in ewes receiving B12 + P (P=0.06). Injection of B12 + P did not influence plasma concentrations of minerals and metabolites (P>0.05), whereas, ewes receiving B12+P had higher plasma concentration of B12 at the day of CIDR removal and the day of estrus and mating (P<0.05). The results suggest that B12 + P injection around mating may be an effective strategy for improving repro-ductive performance of ewe. However, further researches need to re-evaluate and confirm these findings. Manuscript profile
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