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Open Access Article
1 - Feasibility of developing electronic contracts based on professional football jurisprudence
Reza Shahmansouri Mehdi Montazer Ezzatollah ShahmansouriPurpose: The current research was designed and implemented with the feasibility of developing electronic contracts based on the professional football jurisprudence. Method: The current research method was a mixed type that was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively MorePurpose: The current research was designed and implemented with the feasibility of developing electronic contracts based on the professional football jurisprudence. Method: The current research method was a mixed type that was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of research. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative part was all the members of the Football Federation Assembly, which included 89 people. The tools of data collection in this research included semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. In order to analyze the data of the present research in the qualitative part, theme analysis was used in the form of coding of research interviews. Also, structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. All data analysis process of this research was done in SPSS and PLS software. Findings: The results showed that a total of 5 factors, including infrastructural aspects, factors related to laws and regulations, cultural aspects, knowledge platforms and motivational platforms were determined as requirements and platforms related to the development of electronic contracts based on professional football jurisprudence. Results: The development of electronic contracts based on professional football jurisprudence as an important and key principle requires comprehensive attention to various issues, including infrastructure aspects, factors related to laws and regulations, cultural aspects, knowledge bases and motivational bases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Examining the reasons for the weakness of professional ethics in the communication of the football federation at the international level
mozafar yektayar mostafa mostafapour mozhgan khodamoradpour meysam allahmoradiThere are many problems in sports communication at the international level for the sports federations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the reasons for which should be considered in the lack of proper communication between the federations and the Asian and global authori MoreThere are many problems in sports communication at the international level for the sports federations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the reasons for which should be considered in the lack of proper communication between the federations and the Asian and global authorities. In this research, the investigation of the reasons for the weakness of professional ethics in the communication of the football federation at the international level has been put on the agenda, and for this purpose, the analysis of the international relations of the football federation has been done. Undoubtedly, managerial weaknesses are one of the most important factors in not having a seat in the international football federation, especially the Asian Football Confederation. In this research, which was conducted in the form of a fuzzy Delphi, the opinion of the officials and experts of the football federation was analyzed in the field of strategies for obtaining seats. In general, it was found that communication with prominent people in international football, proper relations with the Asian Confederation and getting national and club hosting are the right ways to gain and maintain a powerful seat in the Asian Football Confederation.. . . .. . . . . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Designing and compiling mental knowledge management strategies and its effectiveness on the psychological characteristics of teenage football players in pre-season: a research study
fahimeh sepehri rokhsareh badami zohreh meshkatiThe purpose of this research was to design and compile mental knowledge management strategies and its effectiveness on the psychological characteristics of teenage football players in the pre-season. For this purpose, 21 male adolescent athletes with an age range of 11 MoreThe purpose of this research was to design and compile mental knowledge management strategies and its effectiveness on the psychological characteristics of teenage football players in the pre-season. For this purpose, 21 male adolescent athletes with an age range of 11 to 13 years from a specialized football academy that played in the premier league of Isfahan cities were selected as participants in this study. This study was qualitative from the point of view of method, action research and the method of data collection. For this purpose, data were collected using reflective diaries, researcher's observations and notes, informal conversations with the teacher, and semi-structured interviews with the teacher and parents. The collected data were carefully implemented and analysed using the qualitative content analysis method. The findings of the research were placed in 7 inclusive categories (lifestyle, goal setting, relaxation, visualization, pre-performance and competition routines, team cohesion - empathy and mindfulness). The results showed that the formulation of mental knowledge management strategies is different based on the needs of the athletes and the duration of the pre-season. Since it is important to pay attention to individual needs and the duration of the pre-season for the intervention of mental skill programs for athletes; Therefore, it is necessary that coaches, psychologists, sports managers pay attention to environmental and individual factors to develop an effective mental skill program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Presenting the ethical decision-making model of Iranian soccer and futsal referees
fateme fahimi Reza ShajiePurpose: The purpose is to provide a model of ethical decision-making for Iranian football and futsal referees. Research method: according to the purpose, this research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was made up of active r MorePurpose: The purpose is to provide a model of ethical decision-making for Iranian football and futsal referees. Research method: according to the purpose, this research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was made up of active referees of the Premier League of Football and Futsal in the season of 1402-1401. Out of this number, 105 people formed the statistical sample. 28-question ethical decision-making questionnaires and 15-question ideology questionnaires were used to measure the research. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89 and 0.79 respectively. The construct validity of the questionnaires has also been adjusted using confirmatory factor analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to classify raw scores, design a frequency distribution table, and calculate dispersion indices such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency. Also, research hypotheses were tested using path analysis with the help of SPSS and PLS Smart statistical software.Findings: The results of the research showed that the ethical decision-making model of Iranian football and futsal referees has the necessary fitConclusion: The research results show that the analysis of moral ideology in the world of sports, games and competition is not as simple as it seems. In any case, solving ethical issues in Iranian sports without considering the intellectual and ideological foundations is an action that not only does not solve a problem but will add to its complexity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating the impact of key phenomena on improving the development of cooperation between the Iranian Football Federation and the Asian Football Confederation
mostafa mostafapour mozafar yektayar mozhgan khodamoradpour meysam allahmoradiThe purpose of the research was to investigate the impact of the central phenomena on improving the development of the cooperation between the Iranian Football Federation and the Asian Football Confederation, the research was part of applied research in terms of the pur MoreThe purpose of the research was to investigate the impact of the central phenomena on improving the development of the cooperation between the Iranian Football Federation and the Asian Football Confederation, the research was part of applied research in terms of the purpose of the research, and in terms of its descriptive nature and from the perspective of the variables, it was a mixed exploratory research. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 12 experts in the field of sports diplomacy and international relations; The members of the academic staff of sports management in the country and the officials of international relations of the football federation were selected by the criteria method; And in the quantitative part, based on Morgan's table, 129 people from the governors and the football board of the provinces and experts in charge of the football federation were selected as a statistical sample using the available method. The analysis of the findings of the qualitative part was done based on theme analysis with Max Kyuda 10 software and the quantitative part was done based on the structural equation model based on Lisrel analysis software. The findings of the qualitative part showed that the main phenomena are the most important factors affecting effective inter-organizational communication in sports in order to improve the development of cooperation and peace in the Iranian Football Federation, and the quantitative part analyzed all the qualitative parts based on the model of the structural equations model. Confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of open innovation on brand authenticity of football clubs through the mediation of brand image
amir derakhshan mehdi kohandel Hossein Abdulmalek said namat khalifehThe purpose of this study was the effect of open innovation and social media marketing on brand authenticity of football clubs with the mediation of value creation and brand image. Descriptive-correlation research method was applied research and was done using structura MoreThe purpose of this study was the effect of open innovation and social media marketing on brand authenticity of football clubs with the mediation of value creation and brand image. Descriptive-correlation research method was applied research and was done using structural equation method. The statistical population consisted of fans of football clubs in the active leagues of the country. In order to collect the necessary information from the open innovation questionnaires of Peter et al. the social network marketing questionnaire of Kim et al. (2017), the brand authenticity questionnaire. Kadiro (2010) Zinodin et al.'s value creation questionnaire (2012) (α=0.89) and Ulrich's mental image questionnaire (2009) were used. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 428 questionnaires were analyzed. In order to analyze the data, descriptive methods and structural equation models and post hoc analyzes were used using Spss and Lisrel software. The findings showed that the model of the impact of open innovation and social media marketing on the brand authenticity of football clubs with the mediation of value creation and brand mental image has a good fit and is meaningful. As a result, it can be said that open innovation and social media marketing have a significant effect on the originality of the brand of football clubs and can contribute to the value creation and mental image of the brand, and therefore it is necessary for football clubs to pay attention to maintaining their unique and distinct identity from other clubs. and formulate an executive plan for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Impact of Club Social Responsibility on Brand Supportive Behavior with the Mediating Role of Attitude and Positively Moral Positive Fans
shahoo zamanidadaneh mohamad reza Esmaili ali zarieThe today, social responsibility is not limited to a specific organization, and clubs and sports teams have included various forms of social responsibility in their goals and are involved in their implementation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of MoreThe today, social responsibility is not limited to a specific organization, and clubs and sports teams have included various forms of social responsibility in their goals and are involved in their implementation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of club social responsibility on brand supportive behavior by mediating the positive attitude and moral feelings of fans. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and quantitatively strategically and in terms of correlation implementation path, field data collection and prospective in terms of time. In the present study, Persepolis Club was selected as the study club and the statistical population of the present study consisted of all fans of Persepolis Club. 270 people were selected as the research sample and were selected by available sampling method and voluntarily. According to the objectives of the study, appropriate tools for this study were considered questionnaires; for this purpose, to assess social responsibility, (Galbraith, 2010) questionnaire, brand supportive behaviors, )Xie et al, 2019) questionnaire, and to measure the mediating variables of positive moral attitudes, (Xie et al, 2019) questionnaire were used. Confirmatory factor analysis and mediating the effects and mediating role of the research were analyzed at 5% error level using 25 SPSS and Smart PLS 3.2.9 software. The results showed that social responsibility has affected the supportive behaviors of the brand, the attitude of the fans and their moral feelings. Also, the attitude and moral feelings of the fans have affected the supportive behaviors of the brand. The relationship with the impact of social responsibility on supportive behaviors was confirmed. Therefore, it is recommended to the management of sports teams to take into account the interests of the fans in social issues and to include various plans of social responsibility in their long-term plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role of Telegram in the Football Fans' violence
Sara Mohammadpour Shahriar HakimiThe present research investigates the role of using telegrams in the occurrence of violence in football spectators. The type of research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research is football spectators and users of Telegram channels and football MoreThe present research investigates the role of using telegrams in the occurrence of violence in football spectators. The type of research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research is football spectators and users of Telegram channels and football groups present in Tehran, in which 384 people are selected by available methods using Morgan table. The research tool is researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by using content validity method and the reliability of the questionnaire is confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha test. Data analysis is performed by using SPSS19 software. research results showed that there is significant relationship between the use of telegrams and the violence of football spectators. There is also significant relationship between the components of Telegram usage, provocative reports in the Telegram, provocative videos and the reflection of the margins of matches in the Telegram and the violence of football spectators. There is also significant relationship between the components of Telegram usage, provocative reports in the Telegram, provocative videos and the reflection of the margins of matches in the Telegram and the violence of football spectators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Social and cultural impacts assessment of sports project and management outcoms (case study: Stadium of martyr Kazemi)
محسن رنجبر زهرا خستو طوبی پیروIntroduction and Objective of research: Concepts such as social participation, health in all its Dimensions, access to information and resources ... Are important in sustainable urban development.As beneficiaries of the people and their involvement (participation) in th MoreIntroduction and Objective of research: Concepts such as social participation, health in all its Dimensions, access to information and resources ... Are important in sustainable urban development.As beneficiaries of the people and their involvement (participation) in the development process and the entire social, cultural and economic development of the social life is very important. Methods: In this study the research, analytical, and the purpose of the application. For the data collection, field procedures and documents used.The documents and information of the location of the project has been collected and studied the current situation in the field of exploratory interviews, observations and review of applications, the identification of groups of people and the questionnaires collected.The impact of scrolling through quantitative and qualitative methods and tools as well as residents of the project and in-depth interviews with municipal officials, business ideas and members of District 19 councils, were used. Research Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of social and cultural consequences of the region's 19 municipalities Tehran soccer stadium martyr Kazemi isthe results show that. Boost morale and willingness sports and youth and attract them to exercise, reduce social harm and crime in the neighborhood , residents have access to sports facilities and the opportunity to go to the stadium and see the games close, especially young people and enriching leisure youth , talent among young people and ... The most positive outcomes .Traffic in the area of drug dealing around the stadium, the neighborhood residents to calm down neighborhood security (conflict between the audiences), the rent going up in the neighborhood and most of the residents and the negative consequences members of municipal councils and authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Efficiency Evaluation of Football Teams in English Premier League: Application of Data Envelopment Analysis
Zahoor Ul Haq Bhat D Sultana Showkat Bashir -
Open Access Article
11 - New methods of financing football clubs in developed countries and the developing countries have a comparative study
Taghi Torabi Mahsa Ghorbani Meysam Bagheri Samaneh TarighiThe main objective of this comparative study is to see how professional football clubs in Iran and England’s premier league are financed. This applied research has been conducted in a descriptive and analytical way. The results of the study showed that there is a MoreThe main objective of this comparative study is to see how professional football clubs in Iran and England’s premier league are financed. This applied research has been conducted in a descriptive and analytical way. The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the ways through which English and Iranian professional football league clubs are financed. Most Iranian clubs are funded by government and industry-based sources (65%) while most English clubs are private and are funded by television broadcasting rights (31%), match-day income and cash flow from business (22%). Some major barriers to financing Iranian professional football league clubs are as follows; the state-run clubs, lack of financial transparency , the fact that IRIB refuses to pay the media broadcasting right to the clubs, failure in complying with copyright law in Iran , inappropriate competition schedules, unsuccessful club marketing management, club managers lack of awareness about new methods of financing , limited use of creative sport directors with financial and business expertise at different levels of football industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Correlation of Sport Motives, Relationship Quality, and Sport Consumption Intention of the Fans of Football Teams
Kazem Razefatahi Hosein MoktariThe purpose of the present study is to review sport motives, relationship quality, and sport consumption intention of the fans of football teams. In this regard, 384 of football fans who had a full cognition about football league and popular teams were chosen. Their ans MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review sport motives, relationship quality, and sport consumption intention of the fans of football teams. In this regard, 384 of football fans who had a full cognition about football league and popular teams were chosen. Their answers were collected through a questionnaire and the correlations between variables were analyzed using structural equations in the software space of Smart-PLS. The results showed that emotional, cognitive, and behavioral motivations of football fans are effective on their relationship quality which is per se effective on their sport consumption intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating strategies and consequences on improving the cooperation of the football federation in international relations
mostafa mostafapour mozafar yektayar mozhgan khodamoradpour meisam allahmoradiThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the strategies and consequences of improving the cooperation of the football federation in international relations, the research was a part of applied research in terms of the purpose of the research, and in terms o MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the strategies and consequences of improving the cooperation of the football federation in international relations, the research was a part of applied research in terms of the purpose of the research, and in terms of its descriptive nature and from the perspective of the variables, it was a mixed exploratory research. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 12 experts in the field of sports diplomacy and international relations; The members of the academic staff of sports management in the country and the officials of international relations of the football federation were selected by the criteria method; And in the quantitative part, based on Morgan's table, 129 people from the governors and the football board of the provinces and experts in charge of the football federation were selected as a statistical sample using the available method. The analysis of the findings of the qualitative part was done based on theme analysis with Max Kyuda 10 software and the quantitative part was done based on the structural equation model based on Lisrel analysis software. The findings of the qualitative part showed that the factors of strategies and consequences are the most important factors affecting the model of effective inter-organizational communication in sports in the Iranian Football Federation, and the quantitative part confirmed all the qualitative parts based on the model of the structural equation model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Challenges of strategic management of football clubs from an economic and social perspective
javad moradi hasan fahemObjective: The purpose of this study is to address the challenges of planning and strategic management of football clubs from an economic and social perspective.Methodology: The current research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research i MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to address the challenges of planning and strategic management of football clubs from an economic and social perspective.Methodology: The current research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research includes 153 physical education professors of higher education institutions, managers and members of the Iraq Ministry of Science's physical education faculty, coaches and referees and expert experts, managers of public and private football institutions, and the same number were selected as the research sample. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, which was prepared using the Delphi method. The data analysis of this research was done in the descriptive part by means of frequency, mean and standard deviation and in the inferential part by using Pearson correlation coefficient tests, regression and Friedman test using spss22 software.Results: According to the Pearson correlation coefficients between the research variables . the research results showed that there is a significant and direct relationship between the research variables including weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities. The results of the T-Tech test showed that there is a significant effect between the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats in advancing the strategic plan of football clubs. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that strategic management is very effective in achieving goals, especially economic and social goals. Therefore, it seems that special attention should be paid to obtaining sustainable sources of income for the clubs and sustainable economic development so that the clubs can develop in all dimensions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Presenting a model of factors affecting social unrest and its effect on observing behavioral norms in stadiums
Masoud Naderian jahromi Elham AkhavanObjective: In order to provide a comprehensive and coherent view of social turmoil, the purpose of this study was to design a multilevel model of social turmoil and its effect on the observance of behavioral norms in stadiums.Methodology: The research was applied in ter MoreObjective: In order to provide a comprehensive and coherent view of social turmoil, the purpose of this study was to design a multilevel model of social turmoil and its effect on the observance of behavioral norms in stadiums.Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of implementation method (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the research in the first part included existing and available research in valid scientific databases in the field of social turmoil and in the second part was the spectators and managers of football clubs in 1398. Sampling was performed by purposive and available methods. The identification of the desired factors was done by meta-combination method and determining the relationships between them with the help of interpretive structural modeling.Results: The results showed social turmoil at four social levels (global developments and cultural transition, lack of justice in resource distribution, culture industry and lack of agreement on the fundamental values of society), organizational level (base incompatibilities, functional inconsistency of community institutions, non-legislative Necessary and weak (lack of necessary structures), group (ethnicity and sports teams, politicians entering the field of sports, informal groups) and individual level (personal characteristics, family history, lack of self-management, internal and external motivation, economic poverty) was classified. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between the two variables of feeling social turmoil and the degree of observance of spectator behavioral normsConclusion: Managers of clubs and stadiums should consider legal facilities for sports spectators as good citizens. The People's Police should be formed by the fan club from among the spectators and the necessary preparations should be made for each match by the officials, and they should make careful and appropriate plans before the match in accordance with the rules and standards.Considering the results of the research which showed that the more control and the possibility of punishment for the norm-breakers, the more the development of the principles of fair play increases and the more the beauty of the sport and its enjoyment, so it is suggested that Sports clubs should be organized in a systematic manner and have a serious and effective participation in the development of a moral charter in accordance with the cultural conditions of Iranian society. It is also suggested that spectator rights in sports environments, both before and during competitions, in which the behavioral, verbal and behavioral indicators of officials and police with spectators are precisely defined and to train it through training sessions. Hold public events and workshops. It is suggested that during a systematic and continuous process, good and law-abiding spectators be identified and encouraged through the fan club, and that the managers of clubs and stadiums consider facilities for sports spectators as good citizens according to the law. It is suggested that the People's Police be formed by the fan club from among the spectators and that the necessary preparations be made for each match by the officials, and that they make careful and appropriate plans before the match in accordance with the rules and standards. Win-lose thoughts are not encouraged as much as possible by coaches, managers and players, and the nature of sports participation and enjoyment of the match is promoted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Presenting a structural model for the development of Ethical Climate in Iranian professional football
Reza Gorji Mehdi SalimiPurpose: Of all the sports that have regular competitions around the world, football is arguably the most popular and participatory activity and sport, as many countries on the five continents of the world are in it. They have considered it as their national sport. But MorePurpose: Of all the sports that have regular competitions around the world, football is arguably the most popular and participatory activity and sport, as many countries on the five continents of the world are in it. They have considered it as their national sport. But the point to consider is that in this popular field, relying only on technical issues cannot be the winner, and therefore cultural and educational issues and professional teachings should also be the top priority. The aim of this study was to present a structural model for the development of Ethical Climate in Iranian professional football.Methodology: The present study is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. A researcher-made questionnaire and its face validity were confirmed by 14 experts and university professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability. The statistical population of the study consisted of seven groups of different strata related to the research. Due to the uncertainty of the population size, the Cochran infinite population formula was used to determine the sample size, which is equal to 384 people at a 95% confidence level. To select a statistical sample from stratified random sampling method (sports staff, 61 people, university teachers, 62 people, referees, 48 people, club CEOs, 38 people, coaches and head coaches, 62 people, players, 49 people and Fans, 64 people) were used. In this study, descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic status of the respondents as well as their answers to the research questions and in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation test was used. For this purpose, MS-Excel, SPSS ver 18 and AMOS24 software were used.Results: The results showed that the adaptive fit indices were higher than 90% and appropriate. The RMSEA index is lower than 8% (0.078) and is appropriate. Therefore, in general, the structural model designed to develop the moral atmosphere in Iranian professional football has the necessary fit.Conclusion: According to the research results, it is suggested to the managers and those involved in the country's football using the presented model, proper planning and decision-making, while reducing moral problems and deviant behaviors, Lead Iranian football to professional ideals, which is to stay away from marginal issues, clean football, and technical growth and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Environment Analysis and Presentation of Football Development Strategies in the Iranian Education System
Alireza Elahi Shahamat Abbasi Mejrzad HamidiObjective: The aim was to determine football development strategies in the Iranian education system.Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and strategic study. For this purpose, using the opinions of experts in the form of qualitative interviews as well as hol MoreObjective: The aim was to determine football development strategies in the Iranian education system.Methodology: The present study was a descriptive and strategic study. For this purpose, using the opinions of experts in the form of qualitative interviews as well as holding strategic council, first the analysis of the environment, including the identification of strengths, constraint, opportunities and risks, was done. Then the expectation or vision for the football in education system was determined. In the end, three strategies were identified to achieve the expectation.Results: Strengthening relations and interactions with domestic and foreign sports and football institutions, developing the football training system and football human resource development, and developing the football talent identification system and processes have been the three main strategies identified in this study.Conclusion: In order to implement the strategies some action plans are presented. formulated using the, the action plans corresponding to each strategy should be identified. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the appropriate budget for plans and evaluation criteria in order to achieve the strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis of the governance planning system of Iran Football Federation
Ehsan Askari Karizi Hossein Peymanizad Mohammadreza Ismaeelzadeh Hassan Fahim devinObjective: Pathology and performance assessment is one of the most important tasks that successful sports managers should put on their agenda. Rapid and timely pathology is one of the constructive measures of any effective organization that seeks to improve its effectiv MoreObjective: Pathology and performance assessment is one of the most important tasks that successful sports managers should put on their agenda. Rapid and timely pathology is one of the constructive measures of any effective organization that seeks to improve its effectiveness and productivity. Therefore, by performing pathology in a timely and correct manner, it is possible for managers to always be aware of the existing problems and issues in their organizations and to take the necessary precautions before it becomes acute. Therefore, it is important to hire experienced people and users as part of the human resources of organizations; It does not matter if the body is private or public because the important principle is to hire, select, train, retain and promote staff. Pathological assessment of Iran's football planning system based on the characteristics of the governance structure.Methodology: The present research is a descriptive survey research and has an applied nature. The statistical population of the study consists of all organizational human resources working in the Football Federation and Iranian football delegations, which are 865 people, which according to Morgan table, 206 people were evaluated by random cluster sampling. To identify the items related to interviewing experts and reviewing the theoretical foundations, the basic research tools were developed. The questionnaire was analyzed after determining the face and content validity by heuristic factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Fortel Locker tests and structural equations.Results: The findings showed that the characteristics of the governance structure are: factor 1 (damage to transparency), factor 2 (damage to teamwork), factor 3 (damage to human capital and stakeholders), factor 4 (damage to the democratic process), factor 5 (Selection and selection injuries), factor 6 (professional and ethical behavior injuries), factor 7 (control index injuries), factor 8 (feedback and accountability injuries)Conclusion: Based on this, it can be concluded that high-level managers should be selected based on ability, job competence, quality of work, leadership capacity, honesty and work experience, and experts in the field of sports law are attracted to the federation and programs are based on legal characteristics. International is moving forward. Also, there is a need for individuals representing athletes, coaches, agents, medical staff, etc. to participate in important decisions, and a system of integrated risk management and control of sports arbitration should be on the agenda of the federation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Designing the optimal financial governance model for professional football clubs in Iran
zahra sadat mirzazadeh Fatemeh Gharaei sanaz Soroori Hassan Fahim devinThis research was conducted with the aim of designing the optimal financial governance model of professional football clubs in Iran. In terms of practical purpose, this research is descriptive-analytical from the point of view of data collection, and in terms of impleme MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of designing the optimal financial governance model of professional football clubs in Iran. In terms of practical purpose, this research is descriptive-analytical from the point of view of data collection, and in terms of implementation method, it is a mixed type of research (quantitative and qualitative). In this research, a combined method with an exploratory approach was used. Three Delphi methods, Q methodology and structural interpretation were used for data analysis. First, by using library studies, the factors of optimal financial governance of Iranian football were identified. Using the Q methodology, the components and indicators of the optimal financial governance of Iranian football were identified. Using the structural-interpretive method, the prioritization and critical levels of the optimal financial governance of Iranian football were determined. The statistical population of this research was all financial experts, financial managers of clubs, auditors and accountants in the field of football, and based on the purposeful sampling method, 20 experts were interviewed. Based on the findings of the research, the components of optimal financial reporting include norms, financial transparency, financial strategies, technical factors, and political and economic factors. Based on this, it can be concluded that the culture of financial governance should be created in Iran's football clubs in order to provide the optimal financial management in the clubs and to create suitable conditions for financial management and resources. The norms component, which is derived from the mental model of the normists among the experts participating in the research, refers to the norms that are essential factors related to sports. Accordingly, for a favorable governance in the financial field, financial transparency in football-related organizations should be considered first. Because financial transparency can prevent many corruptions and problems ahead. Also, justice and impartiality is another desirable indicator in this field, which states that good governance and financial management should have the same view on all phenomena under management and be able to ensure justice between all dimensions, especially the basic teams and women's teams. and establish adult teams.On the other hand, the culture of financial governance should be created in Iranian football clubs in order to provide the optimal financial management in the clubs and to create suitable conditions for financial management and resources. Financial democracy is an indicator that refers to the fair distribution of resources and allows different departments to access the organization's resources based on merit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Fan Cultural Competencies in Football
Salmann Azarbayejani Saeed Sharifi Ali RashipoorObjective: Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter's axis, the importance of supporter's cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the prese MoreObjective: Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter's axis, the importance of supporter's cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the present study aims to analyze the lived experience of fans in football. Fan cultural competencies have become an important issue due to the fan-centric nature of football as a popular sport on the one hand and the importance of competencies in multicultural environments. To understand it, the present study intends to analyze the lived experience of fans in the sport of football. Accordingly, the purpose of phenomenological research is the lived experience of fans in football in the field of understanding the cultural competencies of fans. Methodology: The phenomenological research method is descriptive and based on the collage model. The research community was members of the Sepahan Isfahan Sports Fans Association and the club's cultural directors of these, 20 research samples were saturated. The purposive sampling method was standard dependent and inconsistent. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was verified through external auditors, in-depth descriptions, return to interviewees, and two coders. Results: After implementing information and coding the data, the research findings were classified into three categories including cognitive, emotional and behavioral competencies. Cognitive competencies include advocacy literacy development, awareness gap control, avoidance of social and cultural bias, strengthening positive cultural memory and attitudes, and behavioral competencies including cultural self-efficacy, cultural monitoring, role modeling and social and cultural responsibility, and emotional competencies including emotional capital development, strengthens self-will, reproduces the culture of youth and strengthens women's culture. Conclusion: The cultural competences of the fans will be one of the main prerequisites of sports with the breadth and cultural diversity resulting from multicultural environments. The growing trend of cultural and sports clubs' fan centers trying to turn ordinary people into professional fans increases the need to pay attention to these skills. There is a capacity of sports enthusiasts to accept the fan club as a value-added feature for the sports club. Paying attention to cultural competencies creates a competitive advantage for the clubs that develop the fan base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Analyzing Fans' Lived Experience of Challenges of developing Football Fan Culture Study of Foulad Mobarake Sepahan Cultural and Sport Club
Salmann Azarbayejani Saeed Sharifi Ali RashipoorObjective: due to the strategic importance of the physical presence of fans in stadiums and the regulation of sports relations and their place in the development of fan culture, understanding the challenges facing football fans is considered a significant issue that is MoreObjective: due to the strategic importance of the physical presence of fans in stadiums and the regulation of sports relations and their place in the development of fan culture, understanding the challenges facing football fans is considered a significant issue that is independent of the capacities created by the centers. And sports clubs need to be analyzed and read from the perspective of the fans. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to analyze the lived experience of fans of the challenges of developing the culture of football fandom.Methodology: Qualitative research method is a phenomenological type with a descriptive approach and based on the Colaizzi model. The research community was the members of Sepahan Isfahan Sports Club and the cultural managers of the club. Of these, the research sample reached data saturation with 20 people. The purposeful sampling method was dependent on the criteria and heterogeneous. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was confirmed through external auditors, in-depth description, returning to the interviewees and two coders.Results: The findings of the research after implementing the information and coding the data in several categories including the re-engineering of the fans' thoughts in the development culture, the increasing trend towards media consumption, instrumental attitude towards the fans, the feminization of sports, the social responsibility of the fans, the cultural-social competence of the fans and Fan businesses were categorized.Conclusion: The development of fan culture requires preparation to face challenges, a major part of which can be done by increasing individual and interpersonal skills by fans; the results of this research will be effective in strengthening and rebuilding the attitudes of the managers and planners of fan centers for the development of fan culture.Paying attention to the upcoming challenges of the fan culture requires sports centers to create the necessary frameworks and standards to attract, educate and promote the fan culture and modify the existing processes in order to support the development of fandom. Based on this, fan centers need to draw a technical and cultural map in order to reach the desired sports position with the aim of continuing the presence of fans through the expansion and development of entrepreneurship and value creation of sports at the community level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Presenting a Model of the Effect of Fans' Trust on Managers' Social Behavior and the Success of Esteghlal Sports Club
seyed amir ojagh mehrdad naserpor mohsen vahdani najaf aghaeiIntroduction Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Presenting a model of the effect of fans' trust on the social behavior of managers and the success of cultural and sports clubs (case study of Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club). Metho MoreIntroduction Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Presenting a model of the effect of fans' trust on the social behavior of managers and the success of cultural and sports clubs (case study of Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club). Methodology: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all fans of Esteghlal Club. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran's online formula. The research data gathering tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed by reviewing the literature and the background of the research, 52 items under three axes managers' empowering behavior, club success and fans' trust, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a form and content manner. And its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.81. The method of data collection was available. The collected data were analyzed based on path analysis of structural equations in PLS software. Results: The results showed that in general, the trust of the fans had an effect on the success of the Esteghlal club in the Premier League competitions with the mediating role of the empowering behaviors of the club managers. Conclusion: Managers' proper understanding of the positive effects of social behavior in dealing with fans and club members can pave the way to success so that proper communication with fans, paying attention to the demands of coaches and athletes, and establishing proper communication with other stakeholders from Financial sponsors are very important examples of social behavior of managers. Methodology The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population included all fans of Esteghlal Club. The sample size was 384 people using Cochran's formula. The research data gathering tool included a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed by reviewing the literature and the background of the research, 52 items under three axes managers' empowering behavior, club success and fans' trust, and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in a form and content manner. and its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.81. The method of data collection was available. The collected data were analyzed based on path analysis of structural equations in PLS software. Findings The results showed that in general, the trust of the fans had an effect on the success of the Esteghlal club in the Premier League competitions with the mediating role of the empowering behaviors of the club managers. Conclusion Therefore, managers of football clubs must gain the trust of the fans in some way so that their support for the club will lead to success. Because loyal fans are one of the main factors for the success and profitability of clubs. Esteghlal Cultural and Sports Club can gain the trust of the fans by changing the approach in the behavior of its executives, especially senior managers, and have a positive effect on the social structure of the club. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Compilation of the educational program of sports lifestyle requirements based on the social characteristics of teenage Football players: an action research study approach
fahimeh sepehri Rokhsare Badami Zohre MeshkatiObjective: Success in adolescent athletes is attributed to physical, technical, and mental attitude. However, the basis of success is factors such as lifestyle, support and various social factors that may have a successful performance. Training and observing lifestyle a MoreObjective: Success in adolescent athletes is attributed to physical, technical, and mental attitude. However, the basis of success is factors such as lifestyle, support and various social factors that may have a successful performance. Training and observing lifestyle as a set of habits, behaviors and tastes for a long time in athletes preserves the possibility of flourishing high performance. But so far, lifestyle does not have a place in the development programs of athletes. On the other hand, one of the important components for establishing successful interpersonal relationships is social skills, which are determined by emotions and human behaviors. It should be noted that one of the elements of socialization in all cultures is the acquisition of social skills, and a person with better social skills can choose and present acceptable behavior in a certain time and situation. The purpose of this research Compilation of the educational program for the requirements of the sports lifestyle based on the social characteristics of the teenage football players in the pre-season has been done qualitatively and according to the needs of the athletes. Methodology: The present study is from the point of view of paradigm, critical, in terms of orientation, practical, in terms of perspective, inductive, in terms of method, qualitative, in terms of research environment, field, in terms of design, action research, in terms of concept, description, Explanation and prediction are from the point of view of tools, observation, interview. The participants of this study were 21 male adolescent athletes in the age range of 13, as well as the coach of this football team. Findings: Using the theme analysis method, the obtained data were analyzed. Finally, the comprehensive categories of sports lifestyle (team cohesion - empathy, communication, social behaviors, moral judgment, reviving the sense of responsibility, social networks, problem solving, management of feelings and emotions) were identified and extracted. Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that it is important to pay attention to the identified needs and the duration of the pre-season to change the athletes' lifestyle. Therefore, in accordance with the findings of this research, it is suggested that coaches, psychologists, sports managers pay due attention to environmental, social and individual factors in order to achieve the success and goals of the team in order to prepare the sports lifestyle training program for teenage football players in the pre-seaso. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Develop Citeria for Evaluating the Performance of Grassroots Football Coaches Based on Exploratory Factor Analysis
Hesam Forghani Ozrudi Mohammadbagher Forghani Ozrudi Ali Yaghobi Mohammadhosein Forghani OzrudiThe purpose of the current research was to formulate performance evaluation criteria for basic football coaches based on exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research was all the managers, coaches, players and experts of basic football in the MoreThe purpose of the current research was to formulate performance evaluation criteria for basic football coaches based on exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research was all the managers, coaches, players and experts of basic football in the country (about 3500 people). According to Morgan's table, the statistical sample of 346 people was randomly selected by stratification. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with interviews of 15 university professors with experience in coaching basic football in 41 items and 12 factors on a five-point Likert scale, and its validity and reliability were confirmed by 10 university professors (α=0.79). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and finally confirmatory were used to rank the factors and softwares of Lisrel & SPSS version 22. The data analysis showed that the respondents had a history of 12.84±6.18 years and 8.36±3.02 years in the basic soccer. The 12 Criterias of performance evaluation of basic soccer coaches in order of priority are: training style, coaching background and experience, coaching job responsibilities, psychological and student communication skills, creating a enjoyable training environment, ethical and behavioral characteristics, basic soccer knowledge, Partnering in identifying and nurturing talent, monitoring student performance and development, communicating with parents and carers, taking care of equipment, documenting athletes' information. It is recommended that Football Federation education officials use these Criterias to evaluate the performance of basic football coaches to provide the basis for future growth and prosperity of soccer learners based on scientific Criterias. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Compilation of strategies and consequences for the development of basic football in Iran
Mohammad Elias Ansarinia Mina hakakzade Seyed Jalil MiriosfiThe purpose of this research was to formulate the strategies and consequences of the development of basic football in Iran. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the stated goal and considering the specialization of the research subject, in MoreThe purpose of this research was to formulate the strategies and consequences of the development of basic football in Iran. This research is practical in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the stated goal and considering the specialization of the research subject, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with basic football experts. The interviews continued purposefully and in a snowball manner. Finally, 23 people were interviewed. Since the answers from the 19th interview onwards were repeating the answers of the previous interviews, the interview was stopped. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the foundation data method and based on the method suggested by Strauss and Corbin (2011) simultaneously and through three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings showed that 33 sub-categories in the form of organizational strategies, development of interactions and communications, empowerment and productivity of human resources, development of talent management system, income generation, and supervision and monitoring are effective on the development of basic football and lead to the consequences of increasing and continuing football honors. It will become the foundation for adult football and eventually, the development of professional football in Iran. It can be said that if the strategies are successfully implemented, with the development of basic football and support for Iranian football, the success and increase of football positions and honors in age groups will follow the successful performance of football clubs and finally the sustainable development of professional football. had Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Identification and ranking of motivation to follow sports teams in Instagram based on Uses and Gratifications Theory (Case study: Tehran Perspolis Team)
Abed Mahmoudian Saeed Sadeghi Boroujerdi Sara Gharibi Mojtaba Ghasemi sieaniThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the motivation for sports teams in Instagram based on the uses and gratifications theory (Case study: Persepolis team of Tehran). The present study was descriptive-survey and all students of Persepolis football team at MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and rank the motivation for sports teams in Instagram based on the uses and gratifications theory (Case study: Persepolis team of Tehran). The present study was descriptive-survey and all students of Persepolis football team at Kurdistan University who followed the official page of Persepolis Club at Instagram were considered as the statistical community, out of which 400 available selected as sample. The tools used included questionnaire 18 question motivating followers of social media pages of sports organizations from Lee et al. (2018). In order to evaluate the face validity of the questionnaire, the views of sports management professors and to verify the content validity of the Lawshe model and their internal consistency were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics (Friedman rank test, Yu Mann Whitney test). The results indicate that information incentives, team support, entertainment, technical knowledge, time lapse and life expectancy are prioritized for sports team followers on Instagram, respectively. Instagram team managers and officials should be aware of the needs, motivations and reasons for followers in social networks to produce relevant content in order to meet the needs of followers, and provide them with a sense of pleasure and experience for them and their satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Designing a structural model for Iran's futsal development
Ghasem Ja'fari Seyad Ehsan Amirhosseini Hamid GhasemiThe aim of the research was to design a structural model for the development of futsal in Iran. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, which was conducted in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. Sampling in the q MoreThe aim of the research was to design a structural model for the development of futsal in Iran. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, which was conducted in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. Sampling in the qualitative section was based on a specialized and targeted panel and equal to 20 people. The statistical population in the quantitative part included the officials and experts of the futsal committee of the federation and football boards, managers of national teams and clubs. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 8 sports management professors and its reliability, in addition to coding by two coders, was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α=0.90). SPSS and Lisrel software were used for data analysis. The findings showed that there are 30 indicators in the form of environmental and equipment components, human, financial and economic resources, structural factors, ways, interactions, attitudinal and supportive processes, and executive processes in the development of futsal in Iran, and the influence of the identified indicators on the development of futsal is significant. It can be said that the standardization and increase of futsal halls, the development and productivity of futsal technical, specialized and managerial human resources, the privatization of clubs and sustainable income generation will greatly contribute to the development of futsal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The future of Foolad Mobarakeh Cultural and Sports Club of Sepahan; Based on the scenario method in the horizon of 2034
Amin Ferdosipour Mehdi Salimi Ahad RezayanObjective: Cultural and sports clubs are one of the most important cores of developing championship sports and attracting audiences and entertainment in the future. The current research aims to look into the future in Foolad Mobarakeh Sports Cultural Club of Sepahan, to MoreObjective: Cultural and sports clubs are one of the most important cores of developing championship sports and attracting audiences and entertainment in the future. The current research aims to look into the future in Foolad Mobarakeh Sports Cultural Club of Sepahan, to discover possible futures for the club and to formulate its scenarios for 2034.Method: Foresight has been done with the approach of scenario planning based on the method of intuitive logic. To design the scenarios, the method of analyzing drivers and uncertainties based on Schwartz's eight-stage model has been used. The participants of the current research included 20 internal and external stakeholders of Foolad Mobarakeh Sepahan cultural and sports club, who were selected based on the purposeful sampling method. Data was collected through interviews and open questionnaires. Results: Based on the findings, the analysis of the 18 main factors obtained finally led to the production of two strategic uncertainties including: 1. the economic performance of the club, 2. the professional performance of the team, which is the basis for the construction of two scenarios a) Sleep confused and b) thought magic. Conclusion: As a result, it is suggested that for the success of Foolad Sepahan Sports Cultural Club in the future, "revision of the club's economic plans and programs" and "reorganization of the team's management processes" should be included in the agenda of the club's planners and managers so that the club plays a greater role in to be compatible with the future and build a favorable future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - the relationship between the Football Fans Association and loyalty behavior with the mediating role of personal and social ceremonies and the perceived customer value
Kazem Cheragh Birjandi Reza RoshandelThe aim of this research was to relate the association of football fans with loyalty behavior with the mediating role of personal and social rituals and perceived value. The research method is a descriptive-correlation type, which is carried out in the field. The statis MoreThe aim of this research was to relate the association of football fans with loyalty behavior with the mediating role of personal and social rituals and perceived value. The research method is a descriptive-correlation type, which is carried out in the field. The statistical population of the research was the fans of the premier football league in 1400-1401. Due to the unlimited statistical population, 384 people were selected using the Morgan table. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The research tools include Bayer et al.'s sports fan loyalty questionnaire (2008), Fazel Hassan et al.'s personal and social rituals questionnaire (2021), Fazel Hassan et al.'s sports fan association questionnaire (2021) and Eggert and Olaga's (2002) perceived value questionnaire. were used The research results showed that shared perceived value plays a mediating role in the relationship between fan associations and loyalty behavior; But the variable of individual and social rituals does not play this role. Also, the structural model of the research showed good fit according to the value of GOF = 0.45. Therefore, it is recommended that managers of sports teams create a favorable image of the value created in the fan's mind in order to create loyal behavior in football fan associations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Presenting the development model of talent search strategies in football in Khuzestan province (foundation data theory)
Sajad Mehdipor Amir Nadri Mohammad SajadianThe aim of the research was to provide a model for the development of talent search strategies in football in Khuzestan province. "Foundation data" theory was used to design the model. The study population of this research was the officials of the talent search committe MoreThe aim of the research was to provide a model for the development of talent search strategies in football in Khuzestan province. "Foundation data" theory was used to design the model. The study population of this research was the officials of the talent search committee of football teams of the province and cities of Khuzestan and coaches. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball. The research method was based on the foundational data theory and the tool for collecting findings was through semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews with open and general questions up to 20 in-depth interviews and systematic analysis of required data were collected and analyzed through the three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings showed that the development model of talent search strategies in football in Khuzestan province has 27 main categories and 56 sub-categories in the form of contextual, driving, environmental (intervening), developer and consequences factors. It can be said that leading factors such as official football tournaments, professional clubs, and prominent veteran players, financial support for talent scouting, infrastructure, coaches, and football academy and grassroots football development will help to develop talent scouting and support Khuzestan football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Acute effects of two energy drinks (Red Bull, Poweride) on aerobic and anaerobic performance of young soccer players
yasser fakhraei mehrdad fathiNowadays, the use of sports and energy supplements and drinks has become widespread among athletes. It is believed that the consumption of sports drinks can increase their performance during training and competition due to the presence of ergogenic compounds such as sug MoreNowadays, the use of sports and energy supplements and drinks has become widespread among athletes. It is believed that the consumption of sports drinks can increase their performance during training and competition due to the presence of ergogenic compounds such as sugars, caffeine, sodium creatine, bicarbonate and taurine. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of two types of energy drinks on aerobic, anaerobic performance and fatigue index of young football players. The research method is a semi-experimental type and was implemented in a cross-sectional manner, and 10 young football players with an average age of 21±2 years, height 171±1.487 cm, weight 63.9±3.91 kg after participation In a familiarization session, they participated in 3 half-test and rest test sessions with an interval of 4 days. Sports drinks (Red Bull and Poweride) and placebo were consumed 40 minutes before the test. The results showed that Poweride drink increases endurance performance (P<5.5). In addition, Red Bull energy drink causes a significant increase in minimum power (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Poweride drink improves aerobic performance compared to placebo drink. In addition, comparing the peak power averages, the minimum power showed that the minimum power in the Red Bull group has a significant increase compared to the placebo group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Social and Cultural Aspects of Women's Football Development
ناصر حجازی طیبه بابایی شهرکیThe women’s football development is an important subject world wide nowadays and is a new topic in sociology. Our goal in this project is to survey the cultural and social fields in women’s sport development such as football. Therefore, we have used variable MoreThe women’s football development is an important subject world wide nowadays and is a new topic in sociology. Our goal in this project is to survey the cultural and social fields in women’s sport development such as football. Therefore, we have used variables such as health, mass media, education, democracy and human development. The research is in secondary analysis method and the information was obtained from the sites of FIFA (Football International Federation) and HDR (Human Development Reports).We analyzed the data with SPSS18 software. The statistical population includes some of the U.N. member countries, from among which 33 countries. The sample. After testing the hypotheses, we noticed that all the variables except education and human development had a meaning full relationship with woman’s football development. On the whole, of the five studied hypotheses, three of them (related to health variable, use of internet and democracy) were confirmed, and the other hypotheses were rejected (related to human development and education variables). Totally, the most effective variable which has the most impact on women’s football development is the use of internet with 0.01 sig and correlation coefficient at 0.38. On the contrary, education indicator, with 0.21 sig and correlation coefficient of 0.14, has the lowest influence on the related variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The cultural and symbolic social model Impact on the ethnic identity of football spectators
zoya Tabari Akbar Talebpour Tayebeh ZargarThe deep link between modern sport and ethnic identity; On the one hand, has created a suitable platform for the development, legitimacy and influence of ethnic culture, and on the other hand, has helped to expand and influence modern sports. Among modern sports, footba MoreThe deep link between modern sport and ethnic identity; On the one hand, has created a suitable platform for the development, legitimacy and influence of ethnic culture, and on the other hand, has helped to expand and influence modern sports. Among modern sports, football have great importance in providing entertainment, job creation, income and identity strengthening. Considering this issue, the present study uses the thematic analysis technique to represent the dimensions of ethnic identity among football spectators and in It has sought to find a suitable answer for how the components of ethnic identity are expressed among football spectators. The study population was spectator teams; Tabriz Tractor, Khuzestan Steel and Mazandaran Textile had the experience of watching their team play at least once. Sampling was done using purposive method. For this purpose, 27 people were selected and sampling adequacy through theoretical saturation Was obtained. Research findings showed; Spectators watch their ethnic identity through two components while watching the game; Express ethnic belonging through mental mediation and ethnic belonging through objective mediation. The dimensions of the component of ethnic belonging through mental mediation include; Culture, history, racism, religion, and attributes were symbolic, and the dimensions of the component of ethnic affiliation through objective mediation included; Land, music, diet, myths and legends, population rates, symbolic coverage, language and race. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Effect of Beetroot Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after an Exhaustive Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players
Mohammad-Ali Kohanpour Mohammad Reza Pourbahram Zahra Koohestani Sini Sara Naeimi Mahnaz SeifiIntroduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of beetroot supplementation on oxidative stress and delayed onset muscle soreness after an exhaustive eccentric exercise in competitive soccer players. Materials and Methods: 20 male competitive fo MoreIntroduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of beetroot supplementation on oxidative stress and delayed onset muscle soreness after an exhaustive eccentric exercise in competitive soccer players. Materials and Methods: 20 male competitive football players of Mashhad, aged between 17 and 19 years, were randomly assigned to placebo and beetroot groups. On the pre-test day, both groups participated in an exhaustive eccentric exercise. Then, for 2 weeks, the supplement group received beetroot extract and the placebo group received flour powder (200 mg daily dose with identical capsules). After two weeks, both groups again participated in the same physical activity as the pre-test (post-test). Before and 24 hours after both activities, blood samples were taken and muscle pain was measured. CK, LDH, GPX, SOD and MDA levels were measured for each blood sample.Findings: The results showed that muscle pain and levels of CK, LDH, GPX and MDA increased significantly after eccentric exercise, but their increase in the beetroot group was significantly lower than the placebo group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Probably, the short-term supplementation of beet reduces the rate of delayed onset muscle soreness following a bout of eccentric resistance activity due to its antioxidant substances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of combined consumption of caffeine and carbohydrate on anaerobic performance and muscular strength of young male soccer players
Elham Farhadfar Seyed Mohammad Hosseini AraThe purpose of this study was the effect of combined consumption of caffeine and carbohydrate on anaerobic performance and muscle strength of young male soccer players12 young male athletes in 20-25 years volunteered. In the carbohydrate turn, 21 grams of carbohydrate s MoreThe purpose of this study was the effect of combined consumption of caffeine and carbohydrate on anaerobic performance and muscle strength of young male soccer players12 young male athletes in 20-25 years volunteered. In the carbohydrate turn, 21 grams of carbohydrate supplement dissolved in 250 ml of water along with flavoring and food coloring was consumed 30 minutes before the test. caffeine supplement of 6 mg per kilogram of body weight was consumed as a solution in 250 ml of water. In the turn of combined consumption of supplements, the subjects consumed caffeine and carbohydrates. In the placebo group, 250 ml of water was consumed along with flavoring and food coloring. 48 hours after the last consumption, the tests were repeated. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine the normal distribution of the data and to compare the results of the groups, the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and the Makhli test were used. the significance level of the tests was p≥0.05.The results showed that the average anaerobic power of the subjects in the caffeine + carbohydrate group was about 15% higher than placebo and 13% higher than carbohydrate. The average strength of the lower body and upper body of the subjects in caffeine + carbohydrate was 12 and 18% higher than placebo and 9 and 15% higher than carbohydrate. Also, the consumption of caffeine, carbohydrates and the combination of these two had no effect on the fatigue index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - رتبه بندی جام جهانی 2014 مسابقات فوتبال توسط مدل های تحلیل پوششی داده ها با وزن معمولی
سید محمد عرب زاد نگین برجیس هادی شیرویه زادفوتبال یکی از معروف ترین و هیجان انگیزترین ورزش ها در سراسر جهان است. امروزه، علاوه بر نتیجه مسابقه، تعداد گل ها، جذابیت و کیفیت مسابقات نیز برای مدیریت باشگاه، مربیان، بازیکنان و به ویژه طرفداران مهم است. علاوه بر تعداد گل ها، معیارهای متنوعی از قبیل تعداد پاس های موفق Moreفوتبال یکی از معروف ترین و هیجان انگیزترین ورزش ها در سراسر جهان است. امروزه، علاوه بر نتیجه مسابقه، تعداد گل ها، جذابیت و کیفیت مسابقات نیز برای مدیریت باشگاه، مربیان، بازیکنان و به ویژه طرفداران مهم است. علاوه بر تعداد گل ها، معیارهای متنوعی از قبیل تعداد پاس های موفق، تعداد حملات، تعداد قطع توپ ها، مسابقات و غیره می تواند کیفیت مسابقات را تعیین کند. بنابراین، در این پژوهش، محققان کیفیت بازی های فوتبال جام جهانی 2014 را بررسی می کنند. برای این منظور، پس از بررسی ادبیات موضوع، معیارهای کیفیت مسابقات فوتبال تعیین می شود. پس از آن، اطلاعات مربوط به هر معیار استخراج می شود. سپس، روش تحلیل پوششی داده ها با وزن مشترک برای ارزیابی و رتبه بندی کیفیت مسابقات استفاده می شود. نتایج نشان می دهد که مسابقه بین تیم های ملی آرژانتین و نیجریه به عنوان با کیفیت ترین مسابقه دور اول مسابقات جام جهانی 2014 برزیل است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Explaining the optimal model for implementing knowledge management in the Football Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran
javad shahlaei bagheri siavash khodaparast vahid bakhshali por Javid PourabdiObjective: The purpose of this study was to explain the optimal model for implementing knowledge management in the Football Federation.Methodology: The research method was hybrid-exploratory and its statistical population consisted of two parts. In the qualitative part, MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to explain the optimal model for implementing knowledge management in the Football Federation.Methodology: The research method was hybrid-exploratory and its statistical population consisted of two parts. In the qualitative part, after 15 interviews, it reached theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, according to the number of questionnaire questions, 400 samples were selected in clusters. A questionnaire was collected. The data collection tool in the qualitative section was an interview whose internal validity was confirmed by two professors and the Kappa Cohen method (0.8) was used to confirm the reliability.The collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part which was confirmed by convergent validity and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.899). In the qualitative part, MAXQDA and Mind Mapper software were used for data analysis, and in the quantitative part, SPSS and PLS software were used.Results: the identified categories are; Organizational structure, organizational culture, manpower, leadership and management, technical-specialized and information technology. Also, in terms of prioritizing the indicators from the experts' point of view, the manpower index had the highest average and the technical and specialized index had the lowest average.Conclusion: managers of the Football Federation should implement knowledge management to factors such as manpower in relation to the creation and sharing of knowledge management, development of learner organizational culture, development of technology infrastructure and provide a comprehensive management model in the implementation of knowledge management and knowledge management development. Technical and specialized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Explaining the relationship between management، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of perceived justice in Iranian Premier League clubs
abdolrahim Khodajoo Masoud naderian Jahromi mohammad sadegh afroozeh Hosein DastbarhaghRelying on theories of social exchange and social cohesion، the aim of this study was to explain the relationship between "management"، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of justice in the clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League. This re MoreRelying on theories of social exchange and social cohesion، the aim of this study was to explain the relationship between "management"، diversity and performance of athletes، with the mediating role of justice in the clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League. This research was applied in terms of purpose، based on data collection، it was descriptive-survey. The statistical population was all the players of the teams present in the Premier Football League (N = 480) which were determined using Cochran's formula 214 people and were selected by available sampling method. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using appropriate indicators. Structural equation modeling in AMOS software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that diversity management and organizational justice have a positive and significant effect on sports performance and these two variables can predict 41% of its changes. Diversity management also affect the perceived justice. On the other hand، perceived justice can play a mediating role in the relationship between diversity management and sports performance، ie it can transfer some of the impact of diversity management on sports performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Presenting Model of Privatization Barriers in Iranian Professional Football, Mixed Research
Mahdi Salatin Eslamie nematollah nemati tahere bagherpoorThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of privatization barriers in Iranian professional football using a mixed method. This research is an exploratory research and was conducted by combined method. The statistical population of the research MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of privatization barriers in Iranian professional football using a mixed method. This research is an exploratory research and was conducted by combined method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section included ten professors of sports management and ten professors of sports law, and in the quantitative section included managers of the Football Federation, managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and CEOs and board members of Premier League and League football clubs. The first is that their number is 350 people based on the information in the databases, which according to Morgan table, 285 people were selected as a sample. First, the factors related to the research topic were identified through the Delphi process, and finally 12 components were identified for the research, and then the interpretive structural process was performed. Then research questionnaire was developed and exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that obstacles to the privatization of Iranian football clubs with a legal approach include political interference, interference with administrative procedures, financial problems of clubs, privatization procedures, and regulatory laws. According to the findings, it can be concluded that with the development of club infrastructure and the supervision of relevant organizations, with financial transparency and strict supervision of the Ministry of Sports, the field of club privatization can be provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran Premier League based on cognitive theory
ahmad esmaili Nasrollah Mohammadi Farshad EmamiThis research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Ira MoreThis research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Iran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula including 384 people and finally 410 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic characteristics of football fans such as age, gender and education level. The second part focused on fans' evaluation of skill performance, environment, and congeniality, passion of other consumers, consumer-to-consumer interaction, and behavioral intentions. To measure the research variables, Ko et al. skill performance questionnaire (2011) with three questions, Fu et al.'s Self-congruence questionnaire (2017) with four items, Ku et al. Ambience questionnaire (2011) with three items, Other consumers’ passion Chen and colleagues (2013) with three items, Consumer to consumer Interaction Kim et al. (2018) with three items and Jang and Namkung (2009) behavioral intentions with three items were used. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and SmartP software. L. S was validated. The results of the hypothesis test showed that environmental factors, skill factors, interaction with other fans, enthusiasm of other fans and homophobia had the greatest effect on fans' behavioral intentions, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the mentioned factors provides necessary conditions for managers and organizers of sports competitions for better management of fans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - An introduction to the resolution of football disputes in the Iranian and international system
morteza shoaei hojat erab sheybani Field and Aims: Football has been commercialized and turned into an industry over time. The importance and global impact of football has led to large investments in this sport, which may lead to disputes. This form of disputes is known as sports disputes, and in t More Field and Aims: Football has been commercialized and turned into an industry over time. The importance and global impact of football has led to large investments in this sport, which may lead to disputes. This form of disputes is known as sports disputes, and in the current research, we seek to investigate what is the origin of football disputes. And what methods are foreseen in the Iranian system and the international system to solve it?Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Sports disputes are a type of disputes that refer to professional sports that are directly in the field of sports law and include the rules governing sports, the organization of clubs, establishing discipline in the territory of each sport in order to force Athletes and those involved must obey the decisions and observe the limits and limitations of sports activities and observe the foundation of ethical principles. Sports disputes in the field of football may be criminal or legal (due to civil liability or violation of contractual obligations).In Iran's legal system, there are two ways to resolve sports disputes, one of which is through judicial authorities and the other is through quasi-judicial authorities (self-regulation). Regarding football, according to the provisions of the legal pillar in the constitution of the football federation and also the judgment of the Supreme Court of the country, handling the lawsuit is within the jurisdiction of the judicial pillar of the federation. In the international arena, there are institutions to resolve sports disputes. These authorities include football confederations, FIFA Dispute Resolution Authority and the Court of Arbitration for Sport. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Sociological analysis of professionalization and lifestyle changes of athletes (Case study: professional footballers)
Sahar Ghorbanali pour bahram ghadimi akbar afarineshkhaki dr.alireza mohseni tabrizi zahra alipourdarvishiThe purpose of this study is a sociological analysis of professionalization and lifestyle changes of athletes (Case study: professional footballers). The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory. The method of this research is qualitative which has MoreThe purpose of this study is a sociological analysis of professionalization and lifestyle changes of athletes (Case study: professional footballers). The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory. The method of this research is qualitative which has been done with data foundation theory and Glaser approach, in such a way that the factors extracted from the interviews have been extracted. The purpose of using the qualitative research approach in the present study was a sociological analysis of the effects of professionalism on the lifestyle of professional footballers, which used a semi-structured interview method. In this regard, for the interview, a protocol according to the basics The theory and proposal of the research was prepared, which was approved by the professors and experts of the field at the beginning, and finally the interviews with the football players who played football professionally, such as Mr. Ali Daei, Ali Karimi, Sardar Azmoun, etc. The titles of the people to be interviewed were used. The sample size in this study was equal to 20 people based on the theoretical saturation index. Also in this research, data collection was done in the form of library and field. The results obtained from the analysis of qualitative interviews showed that the effects of becoming a professional on the lifestyle of professional footballers consist of 132 open codes and also 12 key categories. Finally, according to the results, it can be said that becoming a professional affects the lifestyle of footballers according to the environment they are in and changes their lifestyle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Identifying and compiling a combined model of social factors affecting the social tolerance of the spectators of the Iranian Football Premier League
mohammadreza baniasadi Bahram Ghadimi Kaveh Khabiri zahra alipourdarvish shahla hajjat Social tolerance is one of the vital concepts in the humanities and a factor in strengthening and facilitating interaction between individuals at different levels in society. The present article seeks to identify and develop a sociological model of social to More Social tolerance is one of the vital concepts in the humanities and a factor in strengthening and facilitating interaction between individuals at different levels in society. The present article seeks to identify and develop a sociological model of social tolerance for spectators of the Iranian Football Premier League by using the theoretical foundations of social tolerance in the field of sociology and by a combined research method. The present research has been done in two stages, in the qualitative stage the grounded theory method (Strauss and Corbin) and in the quantitative stage the survey method has been used. The statistical population of the spectators of the Iranian Football Premier League was 17 quality qualitative samples and 399 quantitative samples were selected. The sampling method was snowball in the qualitative stage and quota in the quantitative stage. Coding method was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and multivariate regression was used in the quantitative part. After combining the results of qualitative and quantitative research, a combined model of spectator social tolerance was presented, which will have consequences such as empathetic interaction and well-being of football spectators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Analysis of the Economic factors Affecting Income of Football Clubs (Selected World Clubs)
Y. Naghdi S. Kaghazian A. AfsharpeyIndustries revenues are needed for their survival. Industry today has a great soccer turnover. Football clubs are the most important sector of the industry survival depends on the survival of football clubs and they are persistent. The main objectives of the Club Manage MoreIndustries revenues are needed for their survival. Industry today has a great soccer turnover. Football clubs are the most important sector of the industry survival depends on the survival of football clubs and they are persistent. The main objectives of the Club Managers earn lots of money supply and the beginning Competitions Club competitions are benefits. The main objective of this paper is the economic factors affecting earnings in selected clubs from season to season 4-2003 11-2010 studied and is estimated by Panel Data methods. The results show that the revenue of the media player, the greatest impact on the income of football clubs and the club is also ranked in the annual rankings of the International Federation of History and Statistics has no Impact on revenue club in the same year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Analysis of the Economic factors Affecting Income of Football Clubs (Selected World Clubs)
B. Rafat M. Emadzadeh Z. Ghandehary AlavijehIndustries revenues are needed for their survival. Industry today has a great soccer turnover. Football clubs are the most important sector of the industry survival depends on the survival of football clubs and they are persistent. The main objectives of the Club Manage MoreIndustries revenues are needed for their survival. Industry today has a great soccer turnover. Football clubs are the most important sector of the industry survival depends on the survival of football clubs and they are persistent. The main objectives of the Club Managers earn lots of money supply and the beginning Competitions Club competitions are benefits. The main objective of this paper is the economic factors affecting earnings in selected clubs from season to season 4-2003 11-2010 studied and is estimated by Panel Data methods. The results show that the revenue of the media player, the greatest impact on the income of football clubs and the club is also ranked in the annual rankings of the International Federation of History and Statistics has no Impact on revenue club in the same year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Studying the Reasons for Weakness in Communication and Not Having a Seat in the International Football Federation
Mostafa Mostafapour Mozafar Yektayar Mojghan Khodamoradpour Meisam Allahmoradi -
Open Access Article
47 - the design a career ethics model in Iran soccer premier league
hamidreza maleknia esfandiyar khosravizadeh حمید فروغی پور جمشید همتی Given the special place of football clubs and their cultural, social and economic importance in society, it is expected that the issue of professional ethics in clubs will be emphasized., so the purpose of the research is to design a career ethics model in Iran More Given the special place of football clubs and their cultural, social and economic importance in society, it is expected that the issue of professional ethics in clubs will be emphasized., so the purpose of the research is to design a career ethics model in Iran soccer premier league.This is a qualitative approach and grounded theory method has been used as a research method. The method of data collection, in-depth interviews and semi-structured interviews with 27 knowledgeable experts is discussed. The study was reviewed by specialist professors and confirmed. The research findings were analyzed using coding method in three stages: Open, Axis and Selection using MAXQDA 10 software. In the three stages of coding, the main and sub-categories of professional club ethics were identified and related to each other, which are: Causal conditions (structure, law, education, modeling, institutionalization of ethics, political interference); Interactions (lack of transparency, poor oversight, behavior of officials, and encouragement and punishment); And Consequences (Developmental Consequences, Moral and Social Improvement Consequences, and Harmful Consequences) were identified and the relationships between them were presented in the form of a model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Stressors with Athletic Performance of Football Players of the Premier League of Alborz Province
babak mohamadzedeh mahvash norbakhsh mehdi kohandelThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coaching style and stressors with athletic performance of football players of the premier league of Alborz province. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coaching style and stressors with athletic performance of football players of the premier league of Alborz province. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was composed of all the players of the football premier league of Alborz province (N = 250). Based on Morgan's table, 148 people were randomly selected (n = 148). Bass and Avilo leadership style questionnaire (2000), Anshel and Satarso stress resources questionnaire (2007), and Ghasemi athletic performance questionnaire (2012) were used. The calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.88 for the variable of transformational leadership style, 0.80 for pragmatic leadership style, 0.59 for non-intervention leadership style, 0.84 for stressors, and 0.82 for athletic performance. Spearman correlation showed a positive and significant relationship between transformational, pragmatic and non-interventional styles with athletic performance. No significant relationship was found between the stressors and athletic performance. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that transformational leadership style can predict athletic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Identifying the Effective Factors in Improving the Security and Safety of Stadiums with the Approach of Preventing the Aggression of the Spectators of the Iranian Football Premier League
hassan esazadeh lila saffariOne of the most important issues for the stadium audience is safety and security, which has made it more urgent to pay attention to what has happened in the past and the high risks. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effective safety and security facto MoreOne of the most important issues for the stadium audience is safety and security, which has made it more urgent to pay attention to what has happened in the past and the high risks. The purpose of the present study was to identify the effective safety and security factors in stadiums with an aggressive approach to preventing spectators from competing in football leagues.The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The sampling method is non-random and purposeful sampling. The face and content validity of the interview questions were evaluated and approved by 6 sport management professors and then by 14 experts in the field including sport management elites, specialists and managers. Football and law enforcement staff and security officials were interviewed and continued to theoretical saturation, with data analysis through open coding (component or badge), pivotal (subordinate) and selective (key factors) in this study) Was performed. Based on the findings of the present study, a total of 32 safety and security indices were identified which consist of three main factors (service, control and special circumstances) and eight sub-factors of the main factor. According to elite and soccer experts, safety and security factors (stadium facilities, tickets, physical inspections, security measures, high-risk events and conditions) have an impact on preventing aggression in football spectators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Developing Brand Value Co-Creation Model in Football
bahador haghighi hossein eydi keyvan shabanimoghadamIn sporting services, the practice of delivering value to a shared value creature has changed and advocates are involved in brand value creation. Accordingly, the present study developed a brand value Co-Creation model in football. Mixed method was used to collect data MoreIn sporting services, the practice of delivering value to a shared value creature has changed and advocates are involved in brand value creation. Accordingly, the present study developed a brand value Co-Creation model in football. Mixed method was used to collect data and the population in the qualitative part was the experts in this field. Snowball sampling was conducted with 19 individuals and theoretical saturation was obtained. Based on the results of the interview, 9 concepts were found in the prerequisites section, 5 concepts in the co-creation section, and 5 in the outcomes section. A questionnaire was developed based on the qualitative part of the research. In the exploratory factor analysis, 8 antecedents of value creation and 5 dimensions of proponents of affirmative value were confirmed by eliminating low factor loadings. Furthermore, the effect of pro-value co-creation antecedents on value co-creation has been confirmed. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a value proposition in the process of creating a brand equivalence to achieve economic and social values at the same time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Qualitative Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Success of the Most Scored National Football Player in the World: A Case Study of Ali Daei
gholamreza jafari Hamid Foroghipour Reza SaboonchiAbstractThe aim of this study was qualitative analysis of affecting factors on the success of the international striker (the player who scores) in football (Ali Daei) and it was done by Grounded theory. 11 football experts and Professors who are selected by combination MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was qualitative analysis of affecting factors on the success of the international striker (the player who scores) in football (Ali Daei) and it was done by Grounded theory. 11 football experts and Professors who are selected by combination of the Theoretical and Snowball sampling methods were randomly selected. In order to carry on in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The interviews are continued when the theoretical Saturation was obtained. The validity of the findings was done by helping knowledgeable people and using documents, the portability research results, maximum and non-repetitive data extraction. For data analyzing and expressing the theory open, axial and selective coding were used. The results showed that 140 concept codes with 7 subcategories and 2 main categories were extracted in 6 dimensions including; causal factors (5), contextual factors (3), central category (3), strategies (8), confounding conditions (5), Consequences (6). The categories compositing based on relationships among them around the affecting factors on the success of the International striker (the player who scores) in football caused to form a paradigm model. The results introduced strategies such as intrapersonal and extra- personal (external) factors which had consequences such as promoting social status, reputation, popularity and success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Relationship between Social Responsibility and the Image and Identity of Iran National Football Team
سجاد نعمت زاده حمید رودباری مرجان صفاری ایوب سنگ سفیدیThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility and the image and identity of the national team of Iran. The research method was descriptive and correlation and as the data were normal, stepwise regression was used. The study popula MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility and the image and identity of the national team of Iran. The research method was descriptive and correlation and as the data were normal, stepwise regression was used. The study population consisted of the authorities of Football Federation, league organization, professional and championship deputy of Ministry of Sport and print and virtual media of sport fields. 77 subjects were selected as the sample by convenience sampling method. Cheng-Wook (2012) social responsibility questionnaire, Winters and Graf (1996) team image questionnaire and Gunner and Swanson team identity questionnaire (2002) were used to collect data. The results showed that the ethical, legal and economic components had the most relationship with the image of the national team and less relationship with team identity. Among the social responsibility components, moral, economic and legal responsibilities had the most relationship with the image of national team. In the first step, moral responsibility explained 72% of the variance of the image of the national team. In the second step, moral and economic responsibilities explained a total of 83% of the variance of the image of the national team. In the third step, moral, economic and legal responsibilities explained a total of 84% of the variance of the image of national team. Also, no predictive relationship was found between social responsibility components and identity. Football Federation authorities can prioritize their measurements as ethical, economic and legal components in order to strengthen the image and identity of the national team through employing social responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Codification of Strategic land-use planning Concepts of Iranian football
جواد محمدی رسول نظریThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination MoreThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Designing a Professional Ethics Model for Iranian Premier League Football Clubs with Foundation Theory Approach
hamidreza maleknia esfandiyar khosravizadeh hamid foroghipoor jamshid hemmatiGiven the special place to football clubs and their cultural, social, and economic importance in society, it is expected that the issue of professional ethics in clubs will be emphasized., so the purpose of the research was to design a career ethics model in Iran soccer MoreGiven the special place to football clubs and their cultural, social, and economic importance in society, it is expected that the issue of professional ethics in clubs will be emphasized., so the purpose of the research was to design a career ethics model in Iran soccer premier league. This is a qualitative approach and grounded theory method has been used as a research method. To collect data, in-depth interviews and semi-structured interviews with 27 knowledgeable experts was used. This study was analyzed by specialist professors . The research findings were analyzed using coding method in three stages: Open, Axis and Selection using MAXQDA 10 software. In the three stages of coding, the main and sub-categories of professional club ethics were identified and related to each other, which are: Causal conditions (structure, law, education, modeling, institutionalization of ethics, political interference); Interactions (lack of transparency, poor oversight, behavior of officials, and encouragement and punishment); And Consequences (Developmental Consequences, Moral and Social Improvement Consequences, and Harmful Consequences) were identified and the relationships between them were presented in the form of a model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigate Mediating Role of Commitment on the Relation between Leisure Involvement and the Well-Being of Fans of Iranian Football Premier League Clubs
seyed amin dehghan mahdi pirmohamadi mojtaba ahmadinasab mirebrahim hosieniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediator of commitment in the relationship between leisure involvement and well-being of fans of Iranian football premier league clubs. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational and is an applied re MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediator of commitment in the relationship between leisure involvement and well-being of fans of Iranian football premier league clubs. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational and is an applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study was consisted of all fan in the soccer tournament of both Esteghlal and Persepolis clubs in the 18th Premier League. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample with respect to the unlimited population size. Random sampling method was used. To collect data, Pan and Associates (2018) questionnaire was used for five value Likert scale. To analyze the data, SPSS.16 was used to study and present the structural equation model of PLS3. Findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between leisure involvement and well-being, leisure involvement and commitment, but there is no significant relationship between commitment and well-being. Based on research findings, leisure involvement can lead to people's well-being. Therefore, if the proposed measures can be planned and implemented, they can increase the level of leisure involvement and well-being of individuals. In this regard, it should be noted that the ability to focus on the development of culture emphasizes the positive aspects of participation in leisure activities to simultaneously reflect the commitment and well-being of individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Conceptual Framework Development for the Growth of the Economy of Iranian Premier League Clubs
mazaher zolfaghari zahra nobakht mehdi naderinasabAbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework for the growth of the economy of Persian Gulf Pro League clubs. This study was of a qualitative type and applied purpose. The population included two sections: managers, football club experts, unive MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework for the growth of the economy of Persian Gulf Pro League clubs. This study was of a qualitative type and applied purpose. The population included two sections: managers, football club experts, university lecturers, as well as scientific, documentary, and library resources. A sufficient number of statistical samples were purposefully sampled and consulted based on theoretical saturation (17 people and 46 documents). Conceptual coding and conceptual framing methods were used to analyze the findings. Research tools included a systematic library study and a semi-structured exploratory interview. The validity of the instrument was evaluated using descriptive qualitative methods. The presented analytical framework includes 16 general perspectives, which are: approaches to the development of national championship sports, social capital and club brand, club structure and ownership, club rules and system, transfer market, competitive conditions of leagues, strategic management of the club , Stakeholder Management, Marketing System, Financial Management System, Club Sports Performance, Talent Management System, Club Financing, Club Structural and System Improvement, Club Performance Improvement, and Sustainable Club Economic Development. The economic development of the Persian Gulf Pro League clubs have been established through the revision and reform of the executive policies of the championship events, particularly the rules of the club management system, transfer market, league competition structure, along with the implementation of strategic management system, talent management subsystems, stakeholder management, marketing management, financial management and executive management of the club will be improved. Then, this trend of change causes an improvement in the commercial and social proficiencies of the sports club, which, along with increasing the financial resources and the effectiveness of the club's financial management, has stabilized the club's economic situation in different conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Effect of a Period of Selected Exercise on the Function of Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Teenager Girls
لیلا قادری قهفرخی فرناز ترابی آذر آقایاریAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A comb MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research was to codify strategic land-use planning concepts of Iranian football. The statistical population of this research was Iranian football experts. A total of 70 subjects were selected through purposive sampling snowball method. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods coefficient initial questionnaire and open interviews and ratings were used for data collection and analysis. The research instrument was a self-made check list in which respondents were asked to indicate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the football List, while using geographic information system (GIS) to provide descriptive-analytic model, and part of the data in the software Arc - GIS was studied and analyzed. The overall result of this study showed that according to strategic land use planning of Iranian football, there is uneven distribution of sport places facilities and sport spaces for Iranian football. In addition, regarding the matrix positioning and strategic action, strategics approach of Iranian football is comparative. In order to balance the distribution of resources in the country, it seems that deep and creative special planning is needed to make balance in the factors affecting the Iranian football. On the order hand, it is essential to focus on the improvement of the synergy of sports activities of government and nongovernmental organization and private sectors which may ultimately lead to further success of Iranian football. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Branding of the Iranian Football League
محمد ملکی سید عماد حسینی rasoul tarighiThe purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the branding of the Iranian Football League. The statistical population in the qualitative part is experts who had scientific and managerial expertise in the field of sports management and in the quantita MoreThe purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the branding of the Iranian Football League. The statistical population in the qualitative part is experts who had scientific and managerial expertise in the field of sports management and in the quantitative part includes managers and employees of the league organization - managers, supervisors, coaches, players and referees working in the national league organization. Twelve people in the qualitative section and 300 people in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the available method. 12subjects in the qualitative section and 300 subjects in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by the accessible method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured that the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 10 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and for prioritization, Freidman test was used. The results of the Friedman test showed that the factors of hardware, international relations, planning, financial and marketing resources, rules and regulations, human resources, brand value, technology, technology and information, safety and security had the highest priority. Therefore, these factors can be used as a rational basis for branding the Iranian Football League. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Designing an Interpretive Structural Model of Barriers to the Development of Beach Soccer in Iran
Somayeh Emadi hamidreza zaeri zohrab gohari mohammad malekiBeach soccer is one of the emerging sports that has attracted the attention of most countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the development of beach soccer in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural mode MoreBeach soccer is one of the emerging sports that has attracted the attention of most countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the development of beach soccer in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural model of barriers to the development of beach soccer in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and data collection was done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part, including the officials of the beach soccer committee of the federation and the football delegations, the managers of the clubs and the coaches of the national beach soccer teams, was equal to 50 in total and in the qualitative part, 18 experts. Due to the limitation of members, the statistical sample was equal to the community. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 items which was designed based on a comprehensive study of sources and opinions of the qualitative research sample and using the Delphi method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 university professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.88). Barriers were inserted in the form of structural self-interaction and a qualitative sample was provided as a questionnaire. ISM technique was used to level the obstacles and determine the priority of the action. Based on the findings, the obstacles were classified into seven levels. Obstacles to the lack of a development plan and the lack of attention of federation officials and football delegations to the development of beach soccer were at the basic level of the model. In general, it can be said that more attention of the officials of the Football Federation and the delegations on the design and implementation of the strategic plan will facilitate the removal of many intermediate and top obstacles of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Relationship Between Social ResponsibilityImage and the Identity of Iran National Football Team
sajad nematzadeh hamid roodbari marjan saffari ayob sangsfidiThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility image and the identity of the national team of Iran. The research method is descriptive and correlation of data with respect to the normal regression was used. Statistic population was MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social responsibility image and the identity of the national team of Iran. The research method is descriptive and correlation of data with respect to the normal regression was used. Statistic population was selected from the president of football federations, league organization, the deputy of professional and championship of the ministry of sports and actual and virtual media in the field of sports. A sample of 77 subject were selected by available sampling . The research tool was a questionnaire and Cheng-Wook (2012) social responsibility questionnaires, Winters & Graf team image questionnaire (1996) and Gunner & Swanson team identity questionnaire (2002) were used. Results showed that the components of the ethical, legal and economic relationship with the most prestige of the national team and team identity is less than the social responsibility component of the moral, economic and legal relationship in the most prestige-in national team. The first step is a moral responsibility to explain 72% of the variance image of the national team. In the second step, moral and economic responsibility for a total of 83% of the variance explained the image of the national team and in the third step, moral, economic and legal responsibility explain total of 84% of the image of the National team variances. . As well as social responsibility component with a predictive relationship was found identity in this context. Football Association to strengthen the image and identity of the survival advantage of social responsibility could be in the order of priority measures to ethics, economic, legal allocate Federation in this field can also fundamental in terms of social responsibility activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Designing a Training Strategy Map for Iranian Football Coaches with BSC and ISM Approaches
soumayeh emadi zohrab gohari gholamreza jabbariAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a training strategy map of Iranian football coaches with BSC and ISM approaches. The research method is descriptive and is fundamentally applicable. Data were collected by field and mixed methods of quantitative and qualit MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a training strategy map of Iranian football coaches with BSC and ISM approaches. The research method is descriptive and is fundamentally applicable. Data were collected by field and mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative. The population of the study included the officials and experts of the training departments of the Football Federation and its subordinate departments in the provinces and sports experts, equal to 55 individuals and in the quality section, 12 staff. Due to the limited number of members, the statistical sample was equal to its population. According to the data and opinions of experts in the meeting of the Strategic Council of the Football Federation Training Department, 12 strategic goals were determined, and then BSC and Structural Self-Interaction Scale questionnaires were used. BSC method was used for strategic map design and ISM and MICMAC analysis were used to structure goals. The findings showed how the goals were linked at five levels and four perspectives of growth and learning, internal processes, productivity, and professionalization. The findings also indicated that the goals of development and empowerment of coaching instructors, targeted development of congresses and training courses, and increased research and development at the underlying level of the interpretive structural model were in the perspective of growth and learning. Therefore, the authorities of the football federation system should prioritize the streamlining and realization of the goals of the model rule. It can be acknowledged that this plan will facilitate the implementation of goals to achieve the development of the country’s football coaching career. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Sociological explanation of the behavior of Sepahan football fans
Golara Kalatian Rasool Nazari کاظم قجاوندObjective: The society's perception of football fans is very different, some fans consider it a positive force for society and individuals, and others consider it a negative influence, so the purpose of this research is to provide a model of the behavior of Sepahan fans MoreObjective: The society's perception of football fans is very different, some fans consider it a positive force for society and individuals, and others consider it a negative influence, so the purpose of this research is to provide a model of the behavior of Sepahan fans with a sociological approach. Research method: The current research was qualitative and based on foundation data theorizing. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Data analysis was done by Charms coding method. The research sample was used as a combination of snowball sampling and theoretical sampling based on the results of the collected data. The participants were Sepahan football team fans, members of the fans association, sports reporters, a special unit stationed at the stadium, Sepahan club CEO, members of the academic staff of the university who follow football. A total of 22 interviews were conducted, and then the data were initially coded, central, and categorized in the MAXQDA2020 software. Research findings: In this research, 7 factors affecting the behavior of Sepahan team fans were identified. Based on the results of coding, non-adapted behavior, psychological background, social background of emotions, abuse of media, corruption in football, legitimacy and safety background and equipment have an effect on fans' behavior from a sociological perspective. Conclusion: The results of this study have applications in order to improve the behavior of fans and improve the culture of fans for those in charge of organizing competitions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The scope of freedom of will in football employment contracts in the light of domestic and FIFA regulations
Mostafa Soleimani Babadi محمد صادقی S.mehdi MirdadashiThe freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. Th MoreThe freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. This article delves into examining the position of the parties' free will in football employment contracts. This research was done using descriptive analytical method. The predefined conditions in football contracts should not be merely considered ceremonial formalities; the objective of including such conditions is to establish contractual balance without interference from FIFA or the federation. If these regulations oppose the mandatory rules of a country, a judge may refrain from enforcing them based on the mandatory rules or laws related to public order. However, the primary challenge lies in the fact that football contracts benefit from their own enforcement mechanism, and generally, such disputes are not referred to public courts. The overarching approach is that no rule or provision should unduly restrict the parties' contractual will, and the principle of contractual freedom in football employment contracts, like other contracts, should be considered by the parties as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the parties' will enjoys legal validity as long as it does not contradict FIFA's mandatory rules, the mandatory rules of the country, or unilateral conditions against contractual goodwill. Manuscript profile
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