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Open Access Article
1 - Optimal Design of Circular Concrete Water Tanks by MCMC Subset Simulation Method
Mohammad Aghaee Yasin Aghaee-ShalmaniToday, one of the favorite subjects of structural engineering researchers is the methods based on the optimization of structures called RBDO, or the optimization based on the reliability of structures. In this field, optimization problems are designed and optimized acco MoreToday, one of the favorite subjects of structural engineering researchers is the methods based on the optimization of structures called RBDO, or the optimization based on the reliability of structures. In this field, optimization problems are designed and optimized according to probabilistic constraints. In the current research, the problem of optimizing the circular water tank has been optimally designed. The target function in this research is the cost of building a reinforced concrete tank, and its possible limitations include resistance and serviceability limitations such as the ratio of demand to capacity, the amount of crack width, and deformations of the structure. Designing resistance and serviceability criteria is Regulation 123 of the country's management and planning organization. Finally, to show the efficiency and proper performance of the MCMC simulation and optimization method used in this research to solve the problem of tank design, a water tank with a volume of 113 m³ has been investigated. Also, the modeling of this reservoir has been done in SAP2000 software and computer programming by MCMC method in MATLAB software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Wolf-type duality for nonsmooth mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints
Ali Ansari ArdaliMathematical program with equilibrium constraints is one of the optimization problems whose constraints are used to model certain equilibria in the applications of engineering sciences and economics. Our main aim in the present paper is to investigate the necessary opti MoreMathematical program with equilibrium constraints is one of the optimization problems whose constraints are used to model certain equilibria in the applications of engineering sciences and economics. Our main aim in the present paper is to investigate the necessary optimality conditions and create a Wolfe type dual problem for such problems. To investigate these conditions, we consider non smooth and non convex optimization problem with equilibrium constraints and suppose that all functions are not necessarily differentiable or convex. For this optimization problem, using the notion of convexificator, which is viewed as a generalization of the idea of subdifferential, we remind some constraint qualifications, stationary conditions, and generalized convexity. Finally, weak duality theorem and strong duality theorem are established under appropriate generalized convexity assumptions and a constraint qualification for an optimization problem with equilibrium constraints based on the notion of convexificators. We also illustrate some of our results by an example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Modified ε-constraint method for bi-objective optimization: Reduce computational complexity and increase efficiency
Armin Ghane KanafiOne of the effective method for solving the multi-objective optimization problems is the ε-constraint method which, unlike the weighted sum method is able to find non-dominated points in non-convex parts of the non-dominated frontier. The main disadvantages of t MoreOne of the effective method for solving the multi-objective optimization problems is the ε-constraint method which, unlike the weighted sum method is able to find non-dominated points in non-convex parts of the non-dominated frontier. The main disadvantages of this method are finding similar non-dominated points for choosing different parameters and thus increasing the computational complexity of the algorithm and reducing its overall performance, which is not cost-effective in terms of time and cost. In this paper, a modified is made to ε-constraint method, which, due to the intelligence of the algorithm, the unnecessary areas that lead to the production of the same non-dominated points are eliminated from the beginning. Therefore, additional computational efforts are eliminated to produce the same non-dominated points. Discussions and details of the proposed method, with its algorithm, are presented and in the numerical examples section, the efficiency of the proposed method is compared with the ε-constraint method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A box-uncertainty in multi-objective optimization: an ε-constraint approach
Shima Soleimani manesh Mansour Saraj Maryam Moemeni Mahmoud AlizadehIn the last few decades there has been lots of discussion in the literature regarding robust optimization. Since Epsilon constraint is one of the most important technique in interactive problems, therefore in this paper, due to the importance of robust optimization and MoreIn the last few decades there has been lots of discussion in the literature regarding robust optimization. Since Epsilon constraint is one of the most important technique in interactive problems, therefore in this paper, due to the importance of robust optimization and multi-objective programming problems, we consider Multi-Objective Linear Fractional Programming (MOLFP) problem in the presence of box-uncertainty in the coefficients of the objective functions. We propose an approach based on ε-constraint and Charnes-Cooper methods to obtain weakly robust efficient solutions, that have special importance in the literature, for a MOLFP problems in the presence of uncertain data. Charnes-cooper method is applied to reduce a fractional programm to a non fractional programm. At the end we write the robust counterpart of the UMOLFP model in the presence of the box-uncertainty and it's equivalent linear programming problem: Finally a numerical example is used to show the usefulness of the proposed approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Impact of Restricted Financing on the Risk of Falling Stock Prices by Emphasizing the Moderating Role of Tax Avoidance
Marjan Damankeshideh Amirreza KeyghobadiOne of the factors that exacerbate stock price volatility is the constraint on financing, while tax avoidance facilitates the development and expansion of profit management and maintenance activities and the dissemination of negative news over a longer period of time. T MoreOne of the factors that exacerbate stock price volatility is the constraint on financing, while tax avoidance facilitates the development and expansion of profit management and maintenance activities and the dissemination of negative news over a longer period of time. This news may one day be released on the market and may increase the risk of future stock price crashes. On the basis of the present study, the data of 165 active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were examined in order to investigate the effect of restriction of financing on the risk of falling stock market prices and the role that tax avoidance can play as an intermediary variable. The research sample was selected between 2013 and 1977 and then multivariate regression of panel data model and generalized least squares (GLS) method was used to test the research hypotheses. The findings indicate that the restriction on financing has a direct impact on the risk of falling stock prices and tax avoidance can also increase the risk of falling stock prices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - An investigate the effect managerial optimism on investment sensitivity to cash flow
Allahkaram Salehi Rohallah Mosavei Mohammad MoradiThe sensitivity of investment to cash flow is one of the issues that have recently been the focus of financial researchers. This measure through the changes in company capital expenditures to per unit change in cash flow, measurement is made. The aim of this study was t MoreThe sensitivity of investment to cash flow is one of the issues that have recently been the focus of financial researchers. This measure through the changes in company capital expenditures to per unit change in cash flow, measurement is made. The aim of this study was to evaluate managerial optimism measure and its impact on the sensitivity of investment to cash flow with regard to the presence or absence of financial constraints on listed firms in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Thus, financial information of 100 listed firms in Tehran stock exchange investigates during 2007 to 2013. The number of data collected for this study was 700 years–company. In order to test hypotheses, multiple regression with the panel data approach, and software’s SPSS21 and Eviews7 has been used. Our results’ study shows a positive and significant relationship between managerial optimism and investment cash flow sensitivity both for the full sample, and also between firms classified to firms with financial constraints and without financial constraints. Also findings indicate that the Investment cash flow sensitivity under managerial optimism stronger for constrained firms than unconstrained firms Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Economies of Scale based on Theory of Constraints in Banks
S. Mojtaba Salehi Mohammad hamed KhanmohammadiOne of the concepts of management economics, which is a special application in the banking industry, is economies of scale. This concept refers to the change in production for the change in inputs and the benefits of lowering costs as a result of an increase in volumes MoreOne of the concepts of management economics, which is a special application in the banking industry, is economies of scale. This concept refers to the change in production for the change in inputs and the benefits of lowering costs as a result of an increase in volumes of output. In this paper, Estimated economies of scale of 19 banks of the iran during the time period of 2011-16 was based on the commonly approach as well as the theory of constraints approach.The theory of constraints is one of the new theories of performance evaluation and is consistent with the cost leadership strategy with a systematic approach to the firm. Using the Translog model and Frontier4.1 software, the average economies of scale were estimated based on the intermediate approach of 1.35 (decreasing economies compared to scale) and, according to the theory of constraints, was 0.49 (increasing economies compared to scale). Paired-Samples T Test also showed a significant difference between the two approaches in SPSS software. This comparative study will be effective in increasing the managers' awareness of the effects of Throughput and creating a sustainable competitive advantage in the banking industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Study of Problems and Constraints of Tax Specialists in Assessing of Tax Files- Case study Zanjan Province.
Saieed Abdi Ali BayatThe process of tax recognizes and collection is one of the important stages of taxation system. Only with good performance of this stage we can achieve to taxation goals. In this system, accountants have an important role to tax recognizing and measurement, because of n MoreThe process of tax recognizes and collection is one of the important stages of taxation system. Only with good performance of this stage we can achieve to taxation goals. In this system, accountants have an important role to tax recognizing and measurement, because of need to the expert of accounting profession. This paper is a case study survey in zanjan province. This study attempted to recognize major constraints of this organization fiscal experts to investing of tax fields with know of these constraints we can to solve these problems and so help to this public institute to do efficiency in achieving to its goals. The problems and challenges themselves for solve it five factors of in formal system, organizing the fiscal experts, noting to the increase of tax collection against the quality of investigation expert knowledge and skills of fiscal experts and also training and fulfilling all necessary actions for improving the level of knowledge and skill of fiscal experts were studied and the ideas of fiscal experts in this field were investigated. The results of investigations shows that with controlling of the survey space and solving the most of weak constraints we can to use of free capacity to improve of other operational area in the system and improve the throughput of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Relationship between Stock Mispricing and Corporate Investments with Emphasis on the Role of Financial Constraints and Time Horizon of Stockholders Investment
Younes Badavar Nahandi Elahe SarafrazThis research investigates the relationship between Stock Mispricing and Corporate Investments with Emphasis on the Role of Financial Constraints and Time Horizon of Stockholders Investment of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The goal of this present res MoreThis research investigates the relationship between Stock Mispricing and Corporate Investments with Emphasis on the Role of Financial Constraints and Time Horizon of Stockholders Investment of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The goal of this present research is application and the type of research methodology is causal. Statistic population is firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, and using systematic elimination sampling method, were selected as sample 128 firms, and time period has been during the years 2009 to 2014. The method used for information gathering is library research and this test hypotheses, we used of multivariate linear regression. The results of this research show that there is positive and significant relationship between Stock Mispricing and Corporate Investments. Financial Constraints and Time Horizon of Stockholders Investment has not effect on Stock Mispricing and Corporate Investments. There is not relationship between Overvalued Stock and Corporate Investments and there is not relationship between Undervalued Stock and Corporate Investments in this research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Political cycles in condition of Rational speculative bubbles and Based on the Theory of Constraints on the Real Rate of Return for selected firms in Tehran Stock Market
Ali Ramezani فریدون Rahnamay Roodposhti Oveis BagheriThe main purpose of this research is to test the effect of the rational speculative bubbles and the political cycle based on the theory of constraint on the total rate of return in selected companies of the chemical and petroleum industry (51 companies) In the Tehran St MoreThe main purpose of this research is to test the effect of the rational speculative bubbles and the political cycle based on the theory of constraint on the total rate of return in selected companies of the chemical and petroleum industry (51 companies) In the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2009-2016 by econometric model of panel data. Therefore, the determination and estimation of the model of the research was performed based on the diagnostic tests of the fixed effects method. The results of the estimation of each of the model represent the confirmation of the positive and significant relationship between the independent variables and political cycles (in two periods of fundamentalism and moderation), as well as three variables in the model such as; capital cost, earnings, and operating cash flow, which are based on the theory of constraints. Of course, all the research control variables were obtained on the dependent variable of the companies under review. So, based on the estimation and testing the research model of the research, the hypothesis has been approved, it is also states that political cycles as a limiting factor in the price bubbles have a significant impact on the real rate of return in the chemical and petrochemical industry group companies. Finally, the suggestions based on the results of the research are presented to adjust the impact of the political cycles on the total real stock return rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The purpose of the Words of Companions
Seyyid Ali Rabbani Mousavian Kazem Rahman SetayeshWords of Companions of Prophet Muhammad developed as one of the ordinances arguments in the Science of Warcraft Public and has been argued about its authority. Based on that, there are two opposite views, that is authority and non- authority. There are sayings of the Co MoreWords of Companions of Prophet Muhammad developed as one of the ordinances arguments in the Science of Warcraft Public and has been argued about its authority. Based on that, there are two opposite views, that is authority and non- authority. There are sayings of the Companions among the Sunni fundamentalists. Also, Shi'a view is in line with the non- authority of Companions quotes. Regardless what is the correct sentence of this subject, refer to the principles books found that on the subject of f Companions quotes, there has always been confusion. And issues such as the meaning of words Companions and it differs from similar cases and its differentiation from what is presented in the Science of Hadith and its differences and consensus place among the fundamentalists has not clearly explained. While recognizing the issue and its degree before entering into the discussion is essential. Because, no doubt that correct sentence is based on a correct understanding of the subject. Present of this gap and consequently incomplete understanding or incorrect from terms such as Companions quotes, ijtihad and interpretation caused that in the words of some fundamentalists fallacies are made or in jurisprudence books, there are provisions that is not compatible with the spirit and reality of Sharia and remove the principles and religious arguments out of the scientific path. This problems doubled the explaining the significance of the subject of "Companions quote" and its meaning in the Science of Principles. So, we undertook this study to clarify the issue of "Companions quote" and resolve its ambiguities and correct the definition and its scope. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigating the Effect of Risk of Non-Repayment of Debts on Credit Rating Due to the Adjusting Role of Financial Constraints
zohreh hajiha Auob GhorbaniObjective: Today, identifying the factors affecting the credit rating is of particular importance in terms of comparing the credit risk of one firm with other firms and also in terms of competitiveness of the firm. The purpose of this study was the Investigating the Eff MoreObjective: Today, identifying the factors affecting the credit rating is of particular importance in terms of comparing the credit risk of one firm with other firms and also in terms of competitiveness of the firm. The purpose of this study was the Investigating the Effect of Risk of Non-Repayment of Debts on Credit Rating Due to the Adjusting Role of Financial Constraints. Method: The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose. Also, in this study, according to the type of data and available analysis methods, the combined data method has been used. Data collection method, document mining method and referring to databases; and the method of data analysis is inferential. In the present study, the required data have been extracted from the new Rahvard software, corporate financial statements and documentation, as well as the Cadal site. The statistical population of the present study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2012 to 2021 and the software used to prepare data and estimate models is Eviews 10. Combined data model was used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results of the research hypotheses test show that companies that perform poorly in repaying the principal and interest of their financial obligations cause distrust of creditors, which in turn reduces the credit rating of the company. The results also showed that financial constraints have a positive effect on the relationship between the risk of non-repayment of debts and the credit rating of the company. Thus, companies with financial constraints have a high risk of non-repayment of debts, and as a result, the distrust of creditors increases, which leads to a decrease in the credit rating of companies. Conclusion: Investors and lenders like to pay more attention to companies with less financial constraints. As a result, these companies find greater credibility with investors and lenders through easy financing. Also, the increased risk of non-repayment of debts causes the creditors to be pessimistic about the company for not paying their financial obligations; As a result, in such a situation, easy and varied financing will have a significant impact on reducing the risk of non-repayment of debts and lenders will increase the credit rating of companies. Investors and creditors can use the results of this study to select the right companies to invest. Also, organizations that rank companies can use the risk of non-repayment of debts and financial constraints as two very important and determining factors in the ranking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effects of Accounting variables on Economies of Scale in banks using Theory of Constraints
Mojtaba Salehi M. Hamed KhanmohammadiThe Theory of Constraints (TOC) is one of the techniques of decision making in strategic management accounting(SMA) and theorizing of performance evaluation With a systematic approach to the firm and in line with the strategy of cost leadership,thinks with the growth st MoreThe Theory of Constraints (TOC) is one of the techniques of decision making in strategic management accounting(SMA) and theorizing of performance evaluation With a systematic approach to the firm and in line with the strategy of cost leadership,thinks with the growth strategy.The use of TOC in the explanation of Economies of Scale (ES), which are the concepts of management economics, Can lead to system thinking in the banks.The concept of ES refers to the change in the production of products for the change in inputs and the benefits of lowering costs as a result of increased volumes of output.In this research, ES of 17 banks of the country during the period of 1386-1396 was calculated based on the TOC approach. Using the Translag Model and the Frontier 4.1 Software,The average ES of the banks of the country based on the TOC were estimated 0.16.The findings of this research indicate that the banking system of the country has a scale of economies,But it does not fully exploit the potential and continues to operate below the potential capacity,Which is more severe than the Theory of Constraints.Also, according to the results of the research, there is a reverse relationship between the ratio of equity to assets and Economies of Scale of banks using the Theory of Constraints (ES-TOC); As equity increases, the amount of economies is reduced to a scale, and Considering the smaller one of its being, banks will continue to be in a position to economies on a larger scale and increase potential capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Rating, and Stock Price Crash Risk: The Moderating Effect of Financial Constraints
omid faraji javad hoseini Somayeh JahaniStock price crash risk is one of the main concerns of investors since it cannot be mitigated through portfolio diversification. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of (ESG) rating on stock price crash risk. A sample of 129 companies listed on the MoreStock price crash risk is one of the main concerns of investors since it cannot be mitigated through portfolio diversification. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of (ESG) rating on stock price crash risk. A sample of 129 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange was selected and tested for the period 2014 to 2020. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that ESG rating is negatively associated with stock price crash risk. The one-year lag ESG rating had no significant effect on the negative coefficient of skewness, but was negatively associated with down-to-up volatility. In addition, the two-year lag of ESG rating had no significant effect on stock price crash risk. The results also showed that financial constraints have a significant effect on the relationship between ESG rating and negative coefficient of skewness. However, it did not affect the relationship between ESG rating and down-to-up volatility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Natural constraints of the development of the city of Lar (southern Fars province)
M.R ServatiThe city of Lar is the largest settlement of Laristan. At an elevation of 915 m a.s.l., it islocated on the Dasht-e-Lar piedmont plainwithin the folded Zagros Mts. The ancientcity oofLar is situated in the northwestern part of the dasht. The new city, which wasrebuilt a MoreThe city of Lar is the largest settlement of Laristan. At an elevation of 915 m a.s.l., it islocated on the Dasht-e-Lar piedmont plainwithin the folded Zagros Mts. The ancientcity oofLar is situated in the northwestern part of the dasht. The new city, which wasrebuilt after the devastating earthquake if 1339 (1960) is situated on the Tang-e-Asadalluvial fan in the southern part of the plain. Up to 1339 there had not even been asingle dwelling at this place. By now not only the Tan-e-Asad alluvial fan has beencompletely taken over by urban land use. Housing activity has also continued towardsthe mountain, where the valley floor is very narrow and where there is a considerableflood hazard.These two cities grow north- and southward, respectively, and are likely to joinin the near future. The long-term natural limiting factors of urban development are themountains to the north and south of the 6 km wide Dasht-e-Lar.Earthquakes always have to be reckoned with, making it an obligation to construct allbuildings in an earthquake-resistant way. The warm and dry climate with very hotsummers and the water deficit for drinking and other purposes is the principal andoldest problem of the city. The prolonged drought of the last years has increased thewater problem. Due to the salt domes in the Lar area, the surface and ground watersfrom the Mishan and Gachsaran formation and the local marlstones are mainly saltyand alkaline.Against these natural constraints are set a relatively high urbanization culture,especially with respect to public participation and considerable public help for the cityas a whole.This paper has made use of the conventional research methods of geography,primarily based on repeated field trips to Larestan. The urban planners should becomeaware of the environmental realities of the Lar region and should follow a line ofdevelopment that should provide the same opportunities for everybody. In theirrelationship with the environment they should prefer the ecocentric to theanthropocentric approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Optimization of the crop cultivation in the Shabestar plain underwater constraint
Azadeh Falsafian Ali PanahiAccording to Iran's semi-arid and dry climate, water as one of the limiting factors of production plays an important role in determining the type and combination of farming activities. Adverse effects of reduction of Water Resources in many areas of Iran's agriculture a MoreAccording to Iran's semi-arid and dry climate, water as one of the limiting factors of production plays an important role in determining the type and combination of farming activities. Adverse effects of reduction of Water Resources in many areas of Iran's agriculture are considerable. It seems that these undesirable effects are so evident in Shabestar plain as one of the agricultural poles of the West Azerbayjan province and excessive underground water harvesting have affected the agricultural sustainability of the case study region. Determining optimal cropping pattern according to the resources and constraints of each region is considered as one approaches to the evolution in the agricultural system and moving towards sustainability. The main purpose of this study is to determine the optimal cropping pattern in the Shabestar plain subject to the water constraint. For this purpose, linear programming and goal programming methods were used, under some scenarios in order to achieve maximum profit and minimum water consumption. The results of optimal pattern under profit maximization goal show that the profit and water consumption increase by 382.2 and 44.3 percent respectively and also minimizing water consumption objective associates with decreasing 90.6 and 22.78 percent framing profit and water consumption, respectively. However, considering the optimal cropping pattern under the scenario of achieving profit maximization and minimum water consumption simultaneously, shows profit increase by 1.1 percent and water consumption decrease by 4.71 percent. Under this situation, the acreage of irrigated barley, rained barley and rapeseed had increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of Changes in the Banking Industry Structure on Firms Investment
ebrahim abdi Farhad khodadad kashi Yeganeh Mosavi JahromiThis Study examines the impact of structural changes in the banking industry on firms investment listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, data from 258 firms during the period from 2005 to 2014 and the dynamic generalized method of moments were utilized to MoreThis Study examines the impact of structural changes in the banking industry on firms investment listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, data from 258 firms during the period from 2005 to 2014 and the dynamic generalized method of moments were utilized to put forward an investment model with financial constraints. The results of the study showed that these firms faced a financial constraints on investment and Concentration in the banking industry has affected the investment of the firms by reducing the financial constraints. The results also revealed that small firms have experienced greater financial constraints in comparison with larger firms and Larger firms have gained more benefits from concentration in the banking industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Comparison of Performance of Selected Stock Portfolios Based on Constraint Theory Criteria with Traditional Grid Matrix Model
Mohammad Aslani mohammad reza setayesh Mohammad Hasan janani mahmood hematfarThrough the grid matrix model, stock of companies can be classified according to different characteristics in a matrix then formed portfolios. In this research, using the data of 156 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2017 and through th MoreThrough the grid matrix model, stock of companies can be classified according to different characteristics in a matrix then formed portfolios. In this research, using the data of 156 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2017 and through the grid matrix model based on throughput accounting’ criteria as the proposed model, the formed portfolios and their performance with the traditional grid matrix model and market portfolio were compared. The results of the research show that the proposed model portfolios have a higher performance than the traditional grid matrix model based on Sharp, Sortino, upside potential and Omega criteria, and the portfolios of companies with high system performance, in addition to the above criteria, also had higher performance than traditional grid matrix model based Jensen's criteria. Also, the performance of these portfolios in terms of upside potential and omega criteria is higher than market portfolio, and the performance of companies with low system performance has a stronger correlation with market portfolios Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of forward-looking non-financial information (FNFI) on corporate investment efficiency & financing constraint
Allah Karam SalehiPrevious research has shown that the high disclosure of corporate financial information can increase the efficiency of the investment. In addition, the mechanism of financial information disclosure and investment efficiency is a kind of reduction of information asymmetr MorePrevious research has shown that the high disclosure of corporate financial information can increase the efficiency of the investment. In addition, the mechanism of financial information disclosure and investment efficiency is a kind of reduction of information asymmetry that prevents investment efficiency. Unlike financial information, which is mainly about the past performance of companies, non-financial information, in particular forward-looking non-financial information (FNFI), is about the future development of the company, which can provide information that is more relevant for decision makers. Therefore, the FNFI can reduce information asymmetry between companies and external sources of funding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forward-looking non-financial information on corporate investment efficiency & financing constraint in listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange. To this porpuse, a sample of 150 companies during 2010-2016 was selected by systematic elimination sampling. The research method is library and correlation. Forward-looking non-financial information the study consists of seven non-financial indicators and the relationship between research variables by the regression model presented by Tan and Liu (2017) with the pooled data approach have been used. The results show that forward-looking non-financial information can reduce financing constraints and high disclosure quality will intensify the relationship between these two variables. Forward-looking non-financial information can also reduce the inefficiency of investment, and the high disclosure quality will intensify the relationship between these two variables, then alleviate the underinvestment effectively and meanwhile leavelittle opportunity for overinvestment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Predict the Financial Limitations of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the Relief-Svm-Caiid methods
maryam salmanian hamid reza vakilifard mohsen hamidian fatemeh sarraf Roya darabiPredict the Financial Limitations of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the Relief-Svm-Caiid methodsAbstractDiscussion of financial constraints is one of the key issues facing all companies. Predicting financial constraints is an important phenomenon for MorePredict the Financial Limitations of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the Relief-Svm-Caiid methodsAbstractDiscussion of financial constraints is one of the key issues facing all companies. Predicting financial constraints is an important phenomenon for investors, creditors and other users of financial information. This research uses the information of 7 financial years during the period 2012-2017 and using financial information of 213 companies to study the factors affecting financial limitation and its prediction using artificial intelligence algorithm method (backup algorithm classification algorithm and the rule-oriented algorithm Chaid). In the first step, using the Relief Algorithm, among the initial research variables, five variables of the ratio of total operational assets to total assets, the ratio of total debt to the total assets, the kbitwin, the return on sales, and the ratio of institutional owners were selected as important variables in the company's financial constraint, respectively. The results also showed that the three-class support algorithm using selected financial data has the ability to predict future financial constraints with a power greater than 80% and more than the law-governed algorithm.Keywords: financial constraints, Machine learning method, financial variables and corporate governancejel: M41-B26-C63 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Explain the application of the theory of constraints model to assess credit risk in banks
Mohammadreza Khezri poor mohammadhamed Khanmohammadi faegh ahmadi HAMIDREZA KORDLOUIEThe application of Theory of Constraint(s) in the banking industry has been considered in the last decade. Theory of constraints and system performance accounting is one of the techniques in the field of management accounting that emphasizes the factor of productivity a MoreThe application of Theory of Constraint(s) in the banking industry has been considered in the last decade. Theory of constraints and system performance accounting is one of the techniques in the field of management accounting that emphasizes the factor of productivity and increasing cash flows now and in the future. Therefore, explaining the credit risk criterion through the system performance accounting model can improve the performance of Statistical models were also tested using 11EViews software. research findings indicate that the application of constraint theory can play an appropriate role in explaining and improving credit risk and in this regard improve the financial performance of banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Impact of Financial constraints on Fluctuate down to up of stock returns with Credit rating
zohreh Hajiha Aiob GhorbaniThe accumulation of bad news by management is a key factor in stock price crash risks. In addition, the ability to hide bad news by executives is restricted by the fact that if the amount of hiding exceeds this limit, then these bad news spillover and can lead to a stoc MoreThe accumulation of bad news by management is a key factor in stock price crash risks. In addition, the ability to hide bad news by executives is restricted by the fact that if the amount of hiding exceeds this limit, then these bad news spillover and can lead to a stock price crash. The aim of current research was to survey the impact of financial constraints on fluctuate down to up of stock returns by emphasizing the moderator role of credit rating accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To implement such a research, 140 companies were selected during the period 2012 to 2017, and a combined data approach was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the research indicate that the financial stock constraints have a positive and significant impact on fluctuate down to up of stock returns. Also, the results indicated that credit rating had significant impacts on the relationship of financial constraints with fluctuate down to up of stock returns. In other words, in companies with lower credit ratings, the relationship between financial constraints and stock price crash risk is more severe. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analysis (GMM method), has confirmed the results of the research. Finally, the findings indicate that the results have consistency with the representation theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Impact of risk-taking on performance according to financial constraints of companies
NASRIN DADASHI Mohammad Reza PourAliTarget: Risk is an inseparable part of the decision-making process in the organization. Managers 'and investors' decisions to increase return and wealth are made possible by reducing risk. Financial constraint also prevent funding for the desired investment.Method: we e MoreTarget: Risk is an inseparable part of the decision-making process in the organization. Managers 'and investors' decisions to increase return and wealth are made possible by reducing risk. Financial constraint also prevent funding for the desired investment.Method: we expect; Risk-taking variable have a significant impact on financial performance and this relationship is affected by the introduction of financial constraints on companies. The data used include a sample of 119 companies (952 years - company), during the years 2011 to 2018. In order to analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the pattern of fixed effects of multivariate linear regression by the combined data method has been used by Ives software. Findings: The overall results of the hypotheses show that risk-taking has a significant effect on assets returns and Q-Tobin ratios. Also, the financial constraint variable has a significant effect on the relationship between risk-taking with assets return and Q-Tobin ratio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Combining Multi-Criteria Decision Making and Mathematical Optimization as a Basis for Capital Decision Making
Ali Sepehri Hossein Jabbari Hassan Ghodrati Ghazaani Hossein PanahianThe present study was conducted with the aim of combining multi-criteria decision making approach and mathematical optimization in evaluating financial efficiency and refining the affecting factors. In this research, based on a quantitative analysis, a distinction is ma MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of combining multi-criteria decision making approach and mathematical optimization in evaluating financial efficiency and refining the affecting factors. In this research, based on a quantitative analysis, a distinction is made between capital decision supporting and decision-making, and data envelopment analysis has been used in selecting the investment option. The type of research has been done in terms of theoretical-applied purpose and with survey research design. Using the fuzzy Dematel method, the most effective factors of financial efficiency was: 1) Current ratio, 2) Liquidity of assets, 3) Ownership ratio, 4) Operating cost rate, 5) Firm size, 6) Operating return on assets, 7) Net return Assets, 8) return on equity, 9) current asset turnover, 10) average monthly return, 11) daily price to earnings per share, 12) earnings growth. The statistical population of the research in the refinement of inputs and outputs includes professors and experts and, 183 selected companies of Tehran Stock Exchange in the selection of the optimal capital combination. The evaluation of financial efficiency led to the identification of 42 companies as justified investment options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Test of effect the rational speculative bubbles and the political cycle based based on the theory of constraint on the rate of return in selected companies of the Tehran Capital Market
Ali Ramezani Oveis BagheriThe main purpose of this research is to test the effect of the rational speculative bubbles on the theory of constraint on the total rate of return in selected companies of the chemical and petroleum industry (51 companies) In the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period MoreThe main purpose of this research is to test the effect of the rational speculative bubbles on the theory of constraint on the total rate of return in selected companies of the chemical and petroleum industry (51 companies) In the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2009-2016 by econometric model of panel data.. results shown represent the confirmation of the positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (political cycles in two periods of fundamentalism and moderation), as well as three variables in the model such as; capital cost, earnings, and operating cash flow, which are based on the theory of constraints. Of course, all the research control variables (financial leverage and firm size) were obtained on the dependent variable (total return on equity) of the companies under review. Also, the hypothesis has been approved, Finally, the suggestions based on the results of the research are presented to adjust the impact of the speculative bubbles on the total real stock return rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Corporate Governance and Financial Constraints (Investment-cash flow sensitivity)
Nezamoddin Rahimian Reza JanfadaSuperior corporate governance can reduce the extent to which controlling shareholders can engage in expropriation and thereby decrease the firm's financial constraints. If management is more committed to emphasizing shareholder value and financial discipline, the compan MoreSuperior corporate governance can reduce the extent to which controlling shareholders can engage in expropriation and thereby decrease the firm's financial constraints. If management is more committed to emphasizing shareholder value and financial discipline, the company has a more transparent information environment, and the board of directors is more independent of controlling shareholders, it is more difficult for the controlling shareholders to expropriate from minority shareholders. The main purpose of this study is investigating the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the financial constraints in the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample of this study, includes 102 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1386-1390 and for processing and testing hypotheses, linear regression and clustering methods are used. The study results showed that count of major shareholders and board independence have increasing and significant impact on financial constraints in companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Style investing and portfolio composition based on fundamental ratios and technical indicators
Kamran Pakize Milad Rahmani Fatemeh AzizzadePortfolio management and optimization is a crutial issue in investment management. Style investing is a way to earn more returne rather than a benchmark index. A style can be thought of as any characteristic relating a group of securities that is important in explaining MorePortfolio management and optimization is a crutial issue in investment management. Style investing is a way to earn more returne rather than a benchmark index. A style can be thought of as any characteristic relating a group of securities that is important in explaining their return and risk. These factors are grounded in academic research and have solid explanations as to why they historically have provided a premium. Empirical studies show that these factors have exhibited excess returns above the market. This study describes a new approach to portfolio management using stocks. The investment models tested incorporate a fundamental and technical approach using financial ratios and technical indicators. Also the effect of using six equity risk premia factors(styles) are examined in the study as follows: Value,Growth, Low Cap size, Big Cap size ,High Quality and Low Quality on portfolio performance. For doing this, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to optimize the model. As a case study, Performance of proposed method is tested by historical data of Tehran Stock Exchange for years 2012 to 2015. Results show that the proposed method has obtained higher Sortino ratio rather than the Tehran Stock Exchange market index. Also, Small cap stocks portfolio captured higher returne rather than Big caps for all three years, and Growth stocks portfolio had bether performance in contrast to Value stock for 2012 and 2013. For the Quality factor, High quality stocs portfolio had a better performance in contrast to Low quality stocks portfolio for 2012 and 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Relationship between Financial Constraint and Investment Efficiency and Working Capital Strategy
Karim Pouralireza Rasoul Baradaran Hasanzadeh Younes Badavar Nahandi Mehdi ZeynaliRegarding the limitation of resources and as a result of increasing importance of increase in investment efficiency and the important role of working capital in the business of the economic corporations, this study is devoted to the relationship between financial constr MoreRegarding the limitation of resources and as a result of increasing importance of increase in investment efficiency and the important role of working capital in the business of the economic corporations, this study is devoted to the relationship between financial constraint and investment efficiency and working capital strategy. Financial data of 171 firms in the time period of 2011-2016 is studied in this research. According to the conducted analyses of the first hypothesis, financial constraint has a positive and meaningful effect on inefficiency of the investment. The second hypothesis showed that financial constraint has no meaningful relationship with the working capital policies .The third hypothesis shows a positive and meaningful relationship between financial constraint and investment inefficiency in companies adopting risky strategies and finally the fourth hypothesis showed no meaningful relationship between financial constraint and investment inefficiency in companies adopting a conservative policy. The general conclusions show that a limitation in resourcing will entail a deviation from favorite investment. Also, the unwanted effect of the financial constraint on effective investment occurs only in companies with risky strategies of working capital and it does not exist in companies with conservative strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Cash Flow Sensitivity Analysis on the Impact of Financial Constraints Based on the Bao Model
Masoumeh Hezarkhani Shadi Shahverdiani Iman JokarThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of cash flow - cash in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 124 firms were selected as examples of companies. In this study the difference in cash flow sensitivity in firms with negativ MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of cash flow - cash in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, 124 firms were selected as examples of companies. In this study the difference in cash flow sensitivity in firms with negative cash flow, relative to other firms, were also examined. The results showed that the sensitivity pattern of cash flow - cash in companies with negative cash flow, relative to other companies is different. Other results of the survey also indicate that the sensitivity of this issue cash flow - cash in companies with high financial constraints less than the firms with low financial constraints. The results showed that an external monitor can be sensitive to the value of the cash flow - cash is vital because research shows that firms with high external monitoring, the sensitivity of cash flows - cash Which is more important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Fuzzy Portfolio Optimization using Meta-heuristic Unconscious Search Algorithm
Mohammad Eghbalnia Seyed Maziar DaliranThe optimization of the stock portfolio and the allocation of wealth between the various assets are among the most important issues in investing.In this study, the problem of optimizing stock portfolios, considering the real world constraints and with the assumption tha MoreThe optimization of the stock portfolio and the allocation of wealth between the various assets are among the most important issues in investing.In this study, the problem of optimizing stock portfolios, considering the real world constraints and with the assumption that the return on risky assets of fuzzy numbers is composed. Then, a new probabilistic model of mean-semi absolute deviation was presented in which transaction cost and cardinality constraints were also considered. The existence of such constraints transforms the model into a mixed-integer non-linear programming model that traditional approaches fail to solve, for this purpose a new meta-heuristic algorithm called the Unconscious Search Algorithm is used to solve the problem. Unconscious Search algorithm is a new algorithm based on Freud's psychoanalysis theory. In order to investigate the power and accuracy of solving this algorithm, a case study was carried out with the information of 50 top Tehran Stock Exchanges for years 2012 to 2016. The results were compared with Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic algorithms, which showed the superiority of this algorithm in the optimization problem of Stock portfolio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Single Assignment Capacitated Hierarchical Hub Set Covering Problem for Service Delivery Systems Over Multilevel Networks
E. Korani A. R. Eydi I. Nakhai Kamalabadi -
Open Access Article
32 - ساختارهای شبکه دو مرحلهای تصادفی تحت P-model: رویکردی مبتنی بر DEA
S. Mehdizadeh A. R. Amirteimoori M. H. Behzadi S. Kordrostamiمدل­های پوششی داده­های شبکه­ای ، برای محاسبه­ی کارایی واحدهای تصمیم­گیری با ساختار دو مرحله­ای ، نیاز به مجموعه داده­های قطعی دارد. در دنیای واقعی، مشاهدات بسیاری وجود دارد که رفتار تصادفی دارند. در این مقاله با توجه به داده­ها Moreمدل­های پوششی داده­های شبکه­ای ، برای محاسبه­ی کارایی واحدهای تصمیم­گیری با ساختار دو مرحله­ای ، نیاز به مجموعه داده­های قطعی دارد. در دنیای واقعی، مشاهدات بسیاری وجود دارد که رفتار تصادفی دارند. در این مقاله با توجه به داده­های تصادفی، مدل­های تحلیل پوششی داده­های شبکه­ای با ساختار دو مرحله­ای ارائه شده است. مدل­های تصادفی شبکه دو مرحله­ای مبتنی بر برنامه­ریزی با محدودیت­های احتمالی و ، توسط مفهوم رهبر-پیرو فرمول­بندی شده­اند. بر اساس خصوصیات توزیع احتمال و با فرض تک عاملی مولفه­های تصادفی داده­ها، فرم احتمالی مدل­ها به مدل برنامه­ریزی خطی قطعی معادل تبدیل می­شود. علاوه بر این، رابطه بین هر مرحله به عنوان رهبر یا پیرو مورد بحث قرار می­گیرد. مطالعه واقعی 16 بانک تجاری در چین برای تأیید کاربرد روش­های پیشنهادی در سطوح اطمینان مختلف مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - فاکتورهای نامطلوب و بهبود کارایی در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
M. Eyni M. Khodadadiدر این مقاله، تعیین سطح خروجی های واحد های تصمیم گیری را با توجه به بهبود کارایی آنها در صورتی که تعدادی از خروجی ها نامطلوب باشند با ارجحیت محدویت های مخروطی بحث و بررسی می شود. وقتی بعضی یا همه مولفه های سطح ورودی افزایش یابد و سطح کارایی فعلی Moreدر این مقاله، تعیین سطح خروجی های واحد های تصمیم گیری را با توجه به بهبود کارایی آنها در صورتی که تعدادی از خروجی ها نامطلوب باشند با ارجحیت محدویت های مخروطی بحث و بررسی می شود. وقتی بعضی یا همه مولفه های سطح ورودی افزایش یابد و سطح کارایی فعلی بهبود یابد سطح خروجیDMU تخمین زده می شود. برای ارزیابی سطح خروجی ها، از تحلیل پوششی داده های(DEA) معکوس و مدل برنامه ریزی خطی چندچندهدفه (MOLP) استفاده شده است. روش پیشنهادی با به کاربردن آن در مورد بانک توضیح داده می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - ارائه یک مدل زنجیره تامین سبز چندهدفه چندکالایی تحت شرایط عدم قطعیت
داوود خدادادیان رضا رادفر عباس طلوعی اشلاقیافزایش آلودگی زیستمحیطی که موجب گرم شدن کره زمین شده است و برای سلامت انسان و تخریب محیطزیست خطرناک است، باعث نگرانی بسیاری از طراحان و مدیران زنجیره تأمینشده است. هدف این پژوهش ارائه یک مدل ریاضی برای طراحی خرید، تولید و توزیع در یک شبکه زنجیره تأمین چند سطحی و چند Moreافزایش آلودگی زیستمحیطی که موجب گرم شدن کره زمین شده است و برای سلامت انسان و تخریب محیطزیست خطرناک است، باعث نگرانی بسیاری از طراحان و مدیران زنجیره تأمینشده است. هدف این پژوهش ارائه یک مدل ریاضی برای طراحی خرید، تولید و توزیع در یک شبکه زنجیره تأمین چند سطحی و چند محصولی است که تأثیرات زیستمحیطی و هزینههای کلی زنجیره تأمین به حداقل برساند و سطح رضایت مشتری به بالاترین سطح برسد. عدم اطمینان تقاضا به خاطر نامشخص بودن سطح تقاضا به نظر مشکلساز است. با توجه به پیچیدگی مدل ریاضی پیشنهادی و سختیهای حل مسئله با روشهای دقیق در اندازه بزرگ، یک NSGA II پیشنهادشده است. برای ارزیابی NSGA II پیشنهادی، 5 نمونه در اندازههای مختلف ساخته میشود و بهوسیله روش محدودیت اپسیلون و NSGAII حل میشود. بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، NSGA II پیشنهادی یک روش قابلاطمینان برای یافتن مرزهای پارتویی کارآمد در زمان قابلقبول محسوب میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - مساله مکان یابی هاب تک تخصیصی ظرفیت دار دو هدفه با فرض ایمنی مسیرها
فروغ معین مقدس فرزانه فولادیمسائل مکان یابی هاب به دلیل کاربردهای بسیارشان در سیستم های حمل ونقل و توزیع از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار هستند. پیچیدگی های مسائل واقعی امروزی اغلب کاربرد مسائل تک هدفه را به چالش می کشاند. به منظور واقعی تر شدن مدل، در این مقاله مسئله دو هدفه مکان یابی پوشش هاب ظرفیت دار Moreمسائل مکان یابی هاب به دلیل کاربردهای بسیارشان در سیستم های حمل ونقل و توزیع از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار هستند. پیچیدگی های مسائل واقعی امروزی اغلب کاربرد مسائل تک هدفه را به چالش می کشاند. به منظور واقعی تر شدن مدل، در این مقاله مسئله دو هدفه مکان یابی پوشش هاب ظرفیت دار تک تخصیصی با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان مسیرها مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. در این مقاله علاوه بر ظرفیت برای هاب ها، هزینه های ثابتی نیز برای احداث آنها در نظرگرفته می شود. تلاش می شود همزمان با می نیمم سازی هزینه ها، امنیت ضعیف ترین مسیر شبکه نیز ماکسیمم شود. برای مسئله مفروض، سه مدل ریاضی پیشنهاد شده است. ابتدا عملکرد مدل های تک هدفه ارزیابی و پس از تعیین مدل مناسب تر، مدل دو هدفه پیشنهادی با استفاده از روش ε-محدودیت حل می شود. در این مقاله هزینه های ثابت احداث با دو روش متفاوت یکی براساس فاصله از مرکز جرم سیستم و دیگری بر اساس ظرفیت هاب ها محاسبه می شود. نتایج محاسباتی نشان می دهد که از میان سه مدل، سومین مدل ارائه شده و با هزینه های ثابت بر مبنای فاصله از مرکز جرم، دارای عملکرد بهتری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Study of Effective Factors on Rural Biological Settlements (Case Study: Sardasht City)
Shirko AhmadiAttention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and nat MoreAttention to the development of rural settlements of central and essential needs of regional and national development in any country is; because between rural and urban development, there is a basic continuity without a special look to this association, regional and national development will not be successful. Development of rural settlements and ongoing dynamic process that in addition to economic aspects, the non-economic aspects of the experts and scholars have been strongly emphasized and recommended. Among the most important emphasis, knowing the capabilities of rural settlements with particular attention to how to deal with the natural environment full and serious consideration to the size and rural environment are expressed in studies and planning. In this research that is done with descriptive-analytical and with field survey methods has attempted to measure biological limitations of rural settlements in the mountainous areas in the city of Sardasht. The statistical population of this research is villages with more than 50 families that their number are 856 families in which, 200 families were selected as sample. Findings of the study suggest that factors such as the high slope of the ground, the mountainous region, non-biological facilities, long distances from the center of town and countryside has created so many problems for residents and villagers of that region have been forced to migrate. Generally, there is a meaningful relationship between geographical factors such as the slope of the land, geology, access to educational levels and life pattern that has created special biological patterns for the villagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Effect of Financial Constraint and Managerial Overconfidence on Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity
Ramtin Falahat Fatemeh Samadi Mostafa Hashemi TilehnoueiPurpose: Access to cash flow is primarily important for the substantiation of corporation investment plans but in various situations, the effect of cash flow on investment may change. Accordingly, the present study has dealt with the impact of financial constraints and MorePurpose: Access to cash flow is primarily important for the substantiation of corporation investment plans but in various situations, the effect of cash flow on investment may change. Accordingly, the present study has dealt with the impact of financial constraints and managerial overconfidence on investment-cash flow sensitivity. Method: The statistical sample consisted of 153 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2021. The required data were collected from audited financial statements in Coda website. 8 hypotheses were proposed in this study and then tested using regression econometrics with fixed effects and Probit regression in EViews.Results: Cash flow has a significantly positive effect on investment and overinvestment. Moreover, financial constraint increases positive investment and overinvestment-cash flow sensitivity although managerial overconfidence has no significant impact on investment and overinvestment sensitivity to cash flow. Yet, when the correlation between financial constraint and managerial overconfidence is considered, positive investment and overinvestment-cash flow sensitivity is reinforced which indicates the important role of financial constraint on adopting investment decisions.Conclusion: By supporting the theory of investment-cash flow sensitivity, findings of the study show that financial constraint, managerial overconfidence, and cash flow all have a vital effect on corporation investment decision making. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Transient stability control using time domain simulations in optimal load distribution
Mehdi Motahari Afshin Lashkarara Seyed Ali Nabavi niakiThis paper presents a new method for achieving transient stability control to solve the optimal load distribution problem by considering the transient stability constraint (TSCOPF). The novelty of this research includes the use of the equivalent single machine (SIME) me MoreThis paper presents a new method for achieving transient stability control to solve the optimal load distribution problem by considering the transient stability constraint (TSCOPF). The novelty of this research includes the use of the equivalent single machine (SIME) method to implement and improve the two important and main parts of the TSCOPF problem. Part 1: SIME is used to analyze the transient stability of the power system. Part 2: SIME equates a multi-machine system to a single machine connected to an infinite bus (OMIB). The instability angle obtained from the equivalent OMIB angular path is used to construct the transient stability constraint. In this method, the transient stability constraint is included by SIME in each iteration of the TSCOPF method to accurately determine the dynamic behavior of the power system. Differential equations representing the dynamic behavior of system machines are decomposed into algebraic equations according to the trapezoidal rule. The proposed load distribution model is tested and analyzed on the IEEE 9-bus system (WECC). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Trajectory Path Planning of Cable Driven Parallel Manipulators, Considering Masses and Flexibility of the Cables
Sobhan Sohrabi H. R. Mohammadi Daniali A. R. Fathi -
Open Access Article
40 - Relationship between organization constraints with counterproductive behavior of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel company employees considering moderator role of negative affect
Narges Sadat Mortazavi hamidreza oreyziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship organization constraint with counterproductive behavior of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company employees considering moderator role of negative affect. Organizational constraint is frustrating work condition be MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship organization constraint with counterproductive behavior of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company employees considering moderator role of negative affect. Organizational constraint is frustrating work condition beyond the control of employees that prevent them from completing their work related tasks. Research design was relational and type of moderating analysis and Participants in this study were 319 employees of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company that Sample Available were selected. The instruments used included The Organizational Constraints Scale (Spector & Jex,1998), Job Related Affects Scale(Fox & Spector,1999) and Counterproductive Work Behavior Index(Fox, Spector & Miles ,2001). Data was analyzed using the hierarchical regression and moderate analysis. The findings indicated that the high organization constraint, their counterproductive behavior increases, when employees have high negative affect. Also moderating effect of negative affect at relationship between organization constraint and counterproductive behavior in the workplace was confirmed (P<0/01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A Cohesive Zone Model for Crack Growth Simulation in AISI 304 Steel
F Javidrad M Mashayekhy -
Open Access Article
42 - A Chance-Constrained DEA Model with Random Input and Output Data:Considering Maintenance Groups of Iranian Aluminum Company
Mohammad Izadikhah Mohammad Ehsanifar Saman Malekian -
Open Access Article
43 - Making Decision on Selection of Optimal Stock Portfolio Employing Meta Heuristic Algorithms for Multi-Objective Functions Subject to Real-Life Constraints
Ali Sepehri Hassan Ghodrati Ghazaani Hossein Jabbari Hossein Panahian -
Open Access Article
44 - An Investigation into the Effect of CEO’s Perceptual Biases on Investment Efficiency and Financing Constraints of the Iranian Listed Firms
Hajar Fallah Mohsen Hamidiyan Nurooz Noroolahzadeh -
Open Access Article
45 - Portfolio optimization considering cardinality constraints and based on various risk factors using the differential evolution algorithm
Behnaz Ghadimi Mehrzad Minooei Gholamreza Zomorodian Mirfeiz FallahshamsAs the main achievement of the modern portfolio theory, portfolio diversifica-tion based on risk and return has attracted the attention of many researchers. The Markowitz mean-variance problem is a convex quadratic problem turned into a mixed-integer quadratic programmi MoreAs the main achievement of the modern portfolio theory, portfolio diversifica-tion based on risk and return has attracted the attention of many researchers. The Markowitz mean-variance problem is a convex quadratic problem turned into a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem when incorporating car-dinality constraints. Due to the high number of stocks in a market, this problem becomes an NP-hard problem. In this paper, a metaheuristic approach is pro-posed to solve the portfolio optimization problem with cardinality constraints using the differential evolution algorithm, while it is also intended to improve the solutions generated by the algorithm developed. In addition, variance, val-ue-at-risk, and conditional value-at-risk are assessed as risk measures. Candi-date models are solved for 50 top stocks introduced by the Tehran Stock Ex-change by considering the cardinality constraints of not more than five stocks within the portfolio and 24 trading periods. Finally, the obtained results are compared with the results of genetic algorithm. The results show that the pro-posed method has reached the optimal solution in a shorter time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Firm Value, Tax Evasion, Tax Planning Opportunity and Financial Crisis of Firms
Navid Paidarmanesh Alireza Mehrazin Mohammad Reza Abbas zadeh Abolghassem MassihabadeeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the reasons for tax evasion in companies, which uses two independent variables (financial constraints and tax planning opportunities) and tow dependent variable (firm value and tax evasion by tax difference method) in the f MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the reasons for tax evasion in companies, which uses two independent variables (financial constraints and tax planning opportunities) and tow dependent variable (firm value and tax evasion by tax difference method) in the form of 13 models. The 11 indicators have been considered for the variable of financial constraints of companies, and the model is implemented for all these indicators. The research was conducted in the 5-year period from 2015 to 2019 in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and Eviews software was used to analyse the data and fit them for 3 research hypotheses. The results of the research show that the opportunity for tax planning has a negative effect on the value of the company, and the increase in the opportunity for tax planning and subsequently tax evasion causes a decrease in the value of the company. Also, the research results showed that there is a significant relationship between tax planning opportunity and tax evasion (by tax differences method) of companies, while there is no positive relationship between financial constraints and tax evasion (by tax difference method) in companies that have tax planning opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Net Working Capital Investment Policies, the Value of Financial Flexibility and Financial Constraint, Evidence From the Tehran Stock Exchange
Maryam Karimi Rasoul Karami Mehdi Basirat Allah Karam SalehiCompanies pay attention to the value level of financial flexibility in making decisions related to optimizing investments and applying their net working capital policies. This issue will make profitable investment opportunities for companies more efficient and enable co MoreCompanies pay attention to the value level of financial flexibility in making decisions related to optimizing investments and applying their net working capital policies. This issue will make profitable investment opportunities for companies more efficient and enable companies to gain more efficiency, as well as apply more optimal policies to keep cash. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of financial flexibility value and financial constraint on the speed of adjustment of net working capital, as well as the effect of financial constraint on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of adjustment of net working capital in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The appropriate pattern recognition test in combined data indicates the use of the regression model of the research using the panel data method with the fixed and random effects approach for the panel and pooled data patterns to estimate the regression model. The statistical sample includes 100 companies accepted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2005 to 2020. The findings indicate that the value of financial flexibility has a positive and significant effect on the speed of adjustment of net working capital in the models of partial adjustments and error correction. Financial constraint has a positive and significant effect on the speed of net working capital adjustment, and it also has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of net working capital adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Investigating the Effect of Financial Constraints and Different Levels of Agency Cost on Investment Efficiency
Mahdi Agah Hossein Malekpoor Arman Bagheri -
Open Access Article
49 - A Genetic Algorithm with Modified Crossover Operator for a Two-Agent Scheduling Problem
Maziyar Yazdani Fariborz Jolai -
Open Access Article
50 - The Improvement of System Reliability Optimization Model and Finding an Optimal Solution
Seyed-Jafar Sadjadi Saeed Jafari -
Open Access Article
51 - The Improvement of System Reliability Optimization Model and Finding an Optimal Solution
Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Saeed Jafari -
Open Access Article
52 - Stochastic Facilities location Model by Using Stochastic Programming
Ali Gholinezhad Devin Saeed Fayyaz Reza Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
53 - The Solution of Multi-Objective Multimode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with Multi-Objective Bees Metaheuristic Algorithm
Amir Sadeghi Sina Namazi Zahra Ghorajehlo Behnam RezvanpourResource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) is the most general scheduling problem. Job shop scheduling, flow shop scheduling and other scheduling problems are the subsets of RCPSP. The present paper examines the multimode multi-objective resource-constraine MoreResource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) is the most general scheduling problem. Job shop scheduling, flow shop scheduling and other scheduling problems are the subsets of RCPSP. The present paper examines the multimode multi-objective resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) with partial precedence relations. To enhance the practical aspects of this prominent problem, important practical purposes including minimizing the completion time of the project, maximizing the quality of project activities and minimizing the total cost of the project were considered. After validation of the model using the Bees Algorithm, the proposed multi-objective model was solved. The results obtained from the proposed model were compared with those obtained from NSGA-II. The results demonstrated the good performance of the proposed algorithm in solving RCPSPs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Multi-objective Portfolio Optimization Model by Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm
Amir Amini alireza alinezhadOne of the most famous optimization problems in the field of financial engineering is portfolio selection problem. In its simplest form, while trying to minimize risk in the portfolio selection according to defined constraints such as budget and integer constraints it d MoreOne of the most famous optimization problems in the field of financial engineering is portfolio selection problem. In its simplest form, while trying to minimize risk in the portfolio selection according to defined constraints such as budget and integer constraints it deals with selecting a basket of various assets. Generally, investors prefer to invest in some assets rather than investing in only one asset to reduce unsystematic risk by diversifying their investment. Complex computational models have been developed to solve this problem and there is not an optimal solution for many of them. In this paper, a new and innovative approach known as fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is used for multi-objective problem solving based on mean-variance Markowitz problem with class and cardinality constraints. Fruit fly optimization algorithm is a new way to find the overall optimal solution based on the behavior of the fruit fly in finding food. So far, few studies have been done on this algorithm and almost none of them used this algorithm for portfolio optimization problem. The results indicated the better comparative performance of the algorithm compared to the genetic algorithm for data set of Tehran stock exchange.JEL classification: G1, P5, O3 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A critical review of descriptive verbs
fatemeh taghinezhadThe verb is used in two ways in the Persian language, which is used all the time and contains the person, time and individuals who call it a mere verb and a verb that is without time and person, that is, for all times and all Persons, in one form. The verb and the descr MoreThe verb is used in two ways in the Persian language, which is used all the time and contains the person, time and individuals who call it a mere verb and a verb that is without time and person, that is, for all times and all Persons, in one form. The verb and the descriptive aspect of the Persian grammar have been discussed and a lot of theories have been applied. According to the findings, it is deduced that a structural defect is both an adjective and an adjective attribute, and in a sentence, plays the role of an attribute or a condition of a state that can be applied to verbs with specific verbs, with verbs It will no longer be in the companion sentence, but it will not be substituted and equivalent with all verbs. In this research, we try to examine the significant number of writers in relation to the descriptive aspect, the verb, and the forms that are considered in these two cases, as well as to show how the form of a descriptor becomes a descriptive verb and How does the verb come together with other verbs and whether the comedy is a substitute for a meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Impact of Capital Market Efficiency Based on the Theory of Limitation on the Total Return on Stock Rates
Morteza Hasanvand Akbar Bagheri Ali Asghar lotfi -
Open Access Article
57 - The Relationship between Corporate Governance and Company's Growths with Emphasis on the Role of Financial Constraints
Ghasem Nosrat Younes Badavar NahandiThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between corporate governance and company's growth with an emphasis on the role of financial constraints among the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, using a sample of 121 listed compani MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between corporate governance and company's growth with an emphasis on the role of financial constraints among the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, using a sample of 121 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange between the years 2010 to 2015 which contains 726 observations, hypotheses were exmained. To measure corporate governance 2 indices (Concentration of ownership and the percentage of institutional ownership), to measure company's growth 3 indices (Asset growth, sales growth, profit growth), and to measure the financial constraints Kaplan and Zynglas model which has modified by Raiee and Hesarzadeh (2009) according to Iran's environment have been used. The results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between institutional ownership and ownership concentration with company's growth and financial constraints has no effect on the relationship between corporate governance and firm's growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Combination of Management and Customer Comments in Determining Product Mix Based on Revised Fuzzy Theory of Constraints
Naser Hamidi Mehdi EghbaliActivities such as preparing materials, production planning and inventory control and supply of goods are considered as the key areas of supply chain are management and control. It is possible to identify how many and when each product must be produced by planning. Manu MoreActivities such as preparing materials, production planning and inventory control and supply of goods are considered as the key areas of supply chain are management and control. It is possible to identify how many and when each product must be produced by planning. Manufacturers can prioritize each product based on the capacity of the lines, the human resources and etc. Moreover, customers might consider other priority for each product. Accordingly, it is important to determine the amount of production for each product by drawing on management and customer comments. On the other hand, due to the indeterminate nature of data in the real world, the fuzzy logic approach is used for production capacity, processing time and profit. In this paper using the revised fuzzy theory of constraints and priorities of customer, a mixed production is determined and it keeps a balance between producer and customer priorities. The proposed algorithm has been studied using numerical example. The results show the effectiveness of this approach in real-world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Direct Optimal Motion Planning for Omni-directional Mobile Robots under Limitation on Velocity and Acceleration
Naser Azim Mohseni Ahmad Fakharian -
Open Access Article
60 - Trajectory Planning Using High Order Polynomials under Acceleration Constraint
Hossein Barghi Jond Vasif V. Nabiyev Rifat Benveniste -
Open Access Article
61 - Production Constraints Modelling: A Tactical Review Approach
Chinedum Mgbemena Emmanuel Chinwuko Henry Ifowodo -
Open Access Article
62 - A Chance Constraint Approach to Multi Response Optimization Based on a Network Data Envelopment Analysis
Mahdi Bashiri Hamidreza Rezaei -
Open Access Article
63 - A Multi-Objective Mixed-Model Assembly Line Sequencing Problem With Stochastic Operation Time
Parviz Fattahi Arezoo Askari -
Open Access Article
64 - Optimizing a bi-objective preemptive multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem: NSGA-II and MOICA algorithms
Javad Hasanpour Mohammad Ghodoosi Zahra Sadat Hosseini -
Open Access Article
65 - An Algorithm Based on Theory of Constraints and Branch and Bound for Solving Integrated Product-Mix-Outsourcing Problem
Esmaeil Mehdizadeh Saeed Jalili -
Open Access Article
66 - Three Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithms for Stochastic Flexible Flow Shop Scheduling Problem with Preventive Maintenance and Budget Constraint
Sadigh Raissi Ramtin Rooeinfar Vahid Reza Ghezavati -
Open Access Article
67 - Planning for Medical Emergency Transportation Vehicles during Natural Disasters
Hesam Adrang Ali Bozorgi-Amiri Kaveh Khalili-Damghani Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
68 - A New Hybrid Parallel Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Travelling Salesman Problem with Multiple Transporters
parham azimi Ramtin Rooeinfar Hani Pourvaziri -
Open Access Article
69 - A Bi-objective Pre-emption Multi-mode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with due Dates in the Activities
zahra Sadat Hosseini Javad Hassan pour Emad Roghanian -
Open Access Article
70 - A parameter-tuned genetic algorithm for vendor managed inventory model for a case single-vendor single-retailer with multi-product and multi-constraint
javad sadeghi ahmad sadeghi mohammad Saidi mehrabad -
Open Access Article
71 - A Memetic Algorithm for Hybrid Flowshops with Flexible Machine Availability Constraints
Fariborz Jolai mostafa zandieh Bahman Naderi -
Open Access Article
72 - A Tunned-parameter Hybrid Algorithm for Dynamic Facility Layout Problem with Budget Constraint using GA and SAA
Hani Pourvaziri Parham Azimi -
Open Access Article
73 - A Multi-Purpose Mathematical Model for Solving Multi-Mode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem(M-RCPSP) and Environmental Effects:Augmented Ε-Constraint Method
Hosseinali Heydari Heirsh Soltanpanah Hiva Faroughi Ayoub RahimzadehOil, gas and petrochemical industry managers are nowadays preoccupied with finding ways of punctually completing projects while maintaining the highest implementational standards and minimizing financial costs and environmental threats. Reaching a balance among time, co MoreOil, gas and petrochemical industry managers are nowadays preoccupied with finding ways of punctually completing projects while maintaining the highest implementational standards and minimizing financial costs and environmental threats. Reaching a balance among time, cost, quality and environmental effects is a paramount goal for these managers since these goals are contradictory and focus on any of them can lead to changes in the others. The purpose of this applied mathematical research was hence to design an authentic simulated multi-purpose mathematical model that can review and resolve the issue of project scheduling and balancing time, cost, quality and environmental effects in multi-mode projects. Using the GAMS software and CPLEX solver, the Model was validated through Expanded Epsilon Limitation Method and the analytical results of various sensitivities are reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Pathology and Determining the Causes and Constraints of Stabilizing the Management Systems in Tabriz Oil Refining Firm
Majid Bagher zadeh Ghaffar Tari Masoud Safar zadehThe aim of this paper is the pathology and determining the constraints of stabilizing the management systems after implementing them in the organizations. The survey population is Tabriz Oil Refining Firm, from which 94 people have been selected randomly as the samples. MoreThe aim of this paper is the pathology and determining the constraints of stabilizing the management systems after implementing them in the organizations. The survey population is Tabriz Oil Refining Firm, from which 94 people have been selected randomly as the samples. The stabilizing constraints have been divided to human and organizational constraints. The results show that the human constraints have more effects and are more important in comparison with organizational constraints. Also, in human constraints group the factor of non-observation of incorporating employee's satisfaction in management systems' policy have been determined as the most important constraint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - بهینه سازی سبد سهام با استفاده از الگوریتم Big Bang-Big Crunch
علیرضا علی نژاد سرمایهگذاری نقش تعیین کنندهای در رشد اقتصادی دارد. یکی از اهداف اساسی کشورها، دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی و توسعه ی پایدار میباشد. امروزه حجم قابل توجهی از کار مدیران سرمایه گذاری و همچنین به طور عموم سرمایه گذاران، ساختن پورتفوی کارآمدی از دارایی هاست که اهداف تقا More سرمایهگذاری نقش تعیین کنندهای در رشد اقتصادی دارد. یکی از اهداف اساسی کشورها، دستیابی به رشد اقتصادی و توسعه ی پایدار میباشد. امروزه حجم قابل توجهی از کار مدیران سرمایه گذاری و همچنین به طور عموم سرمایه گذاران، ساختن پورتفوی کارآمدی از دارایی هاست که اهداف تقاضا را برآورده سازد. در این تحقیق از مدل میانگین-واریانس مارکویتز به همراه محدودیت‏های عدد صحیح و همچنین یک رویکرد فرا ابتکاری جدید به نام الگوریتم Big Bang-Big Crunch برای تشکیل سبد سهام بهره گرفته شده است. الگوریتم مورد استفاده در این تحقیق با سایر الگوریتم‏های فراابتکاری نظیر الگوریتم شبیهسازی تبریدی، ژنتیک و... با استفاده از داده‏های سهام شاخصهای بورس هنگ کنگ، ایران و ژاپن مقایسه شده است و نتایج، حاکی از رقابتی بودن این الگوریتم برای حل مسأله بهینهسازی سبد سهام دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Geomorphologic and physical growth of the city limits Tuyserkan using geographic information system(GIS)and digital elevation model(DEM)
Seyyed Hassan Saduq Ali Fahim No one can ever deny the geomorphologic constrains for physical development of cities as a main task of Geographers and urban planners. Recent socio-economic issues caused rapid disproportionate balance of natural potentials of the city by making lots More No one can ever deny the geomorphologic constrains for physical development of cities as a main task of Geographers and urban planners. Recent socio-economic issues caused rapid disproportionate balance of natural potentials of the city by making lots of consequences and risks. Rapid growth of population and occupying more lands in the city lead to misbalancing between physical growth and desirable agricultural farms and gardens around the cities by causing lots of Irreparable damage to the environment. Therefore, locating suitable land for urban development is necessary. In this research, by using questionnaire, AHP model and Fuzzy model in ARC GIS, constrains and preferable lands for future development of Tuyserkan based on 9 criteria (slope, distance from river, distance from the fault, height, coverage vegetation, land type, land use, and flooding of the ground material) were analyzed and mapped to 5 units of zoning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Constrained Controllability of Linear Discrete Time Systems: A sufficient condition based on Farkas' Lemma
Mohammad mahdi Share pasand -
Open Access Article
78 - Description and analysis of the consonant omission process in Bakhtiyari dialect based on the framework of optimality theory
Gholamhassan Oraki Elkhas vaysi Mansoore Shekaramiz Omission refers to the elision of a segment during the production of a speech sound. Deletion of a segment usually occurs in initial, medial, or final positions of a word. Complete deletion of a segment included a consonant or a vowel regarded as one of th More Omission refers to the elision of a segment during the production of a speech sound. Deletion of a segment usually occurs in initial, medial, or final positions of a word. Complete deletion of a segment included a consonant or a vowel regarded as one of the most common universal processes in phonology. Considering this fact, the present research aims at investigating the "deletion" process in Bakhtiyari dialect in Izeh. To get this end, the required data collected by field study via recording the sample data from speakers (age range between 60 to 70 years). Collected data were classified and transcribed. Descriptive –analytical method was used to analyze them within the theoretical framework of optimality. The results of our analysis showed dominating constraints on the optimal candidates during analyzing the process of segment deletion in Bakhtiyari dialect. In the process of omission, the optimal candidates selected in Bakhtiyari dialect by observing the "markedness constraints" and receiving the least penalization from the faithful limitation in the surface level. Thus, in this dialect, markedness constraints play the fundamental role in determining the optimal output dominates over the other constraints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - A Comparison of phonological processing and Dezfuil dialect of Persian language in the framework of Optimality Theory
mohammad paknejad Elkhas Veisi The purpose of this paper is the description and analysis of the most frequent phonological processes in Dezfuli dialect as well as their use within the Optimality approach which is the new theory in phonology and it is also constraint–based approach, since More The purpose of this paper is the description and analysis of the most frequent phonological processes in Dezfuli dialect as well as their use within the Optimality approach which is the new theory in phonology and it is also constraint–based approach, since the research in the framework of optimality is analyzed, the present study was conducted with a choice of analytical method and to collect samples and data from field work and then collected the recorded fifteen hours conversations of normal speech of informants and participants have the average age between thirty to fifty–five years. In addition, one of the writers is a native speaker of this dialect. The present study utilizes discrete mechanisms respectively. After collecting this data, voice transcription and classification has been done. The most active processes in this dialect, the vowel conversion process, vowel harmony, eliminating assimilation are studied. According to the study, the maximum markedness optimal constraints in Dezfuli dialect are dominant. Compared to the standard Persian, faithfulness constraints dominated in the hierarchy restrictions on the rest of the samples. As well as the processes of elimination and assimilation are the most active than other processes in this dialect Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - A Description of Phonological processes in Golpayegani dialect in the framework of Optimality Theory
masoumeh dianatiThe present study aims to describe the most important phonological processes analytically in Golpayegani dialect in the framework of Optimality Theory. The standard Persian Language for this research is the one which is used by speakers in national mass media. But MoreThe present study aims to describe the most important phonological processes analytically in Golpayegani dialect in the framework of Optimality Theory. The standard Persian Language for this research is the one which is used by speakers in national mass media. But since there is variation in different villages and area, the focus of this research is on urban area of pronunciation. The data of this study were obtained from Golpayegani-native speakers' daily conversations by the author. The data analysis showed that weakening, vowel assimilation, vowel dissimilation and metathesis are the most frequent processes. Among different kinds of weakening, spirantization and approximation are also the most frequent in this accent. In the framework of Optimality Theory, markedness constraints are often responsible for optimal candidates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigating weakening processes in Sistani dialect based on Optimality Procedure
Sayed Farid Khalifehloo Bahman Behrad Far Sadegh Eftekhary FarThe purpose of this study is to describe and to analyze some phonological processes of weakness based on optimality theory in the Sistani dialect. The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical one. For this purpose, 10 old, illiterate, male, and rural s MoreThe purpose of this study is to describe and to analyze some phonological processes of weakness based on optimality theory in the Sistani dialect. The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical one. For this purpose, 10 old, illiterate, male, and rural speakers were randomly selected and the linguistic data collected by using free speech recordings, available library resources, and their interviews. Then, the found data extracted from the recorded sentences and the data registered according to the international alphabet phonetic system. After that, phonological processes of weakening in the Sistani dialect were classified. In the next step, the constraints extracted based on optimality phonology. Finally, the limitations extracted from each phonological process were described and analyzed in special tables of optimality theory. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the phonological processes of weakening in the Sistani dialect can be analyzed based on optimality theory. This study showed that the most faithfulness constraints of weakening processes were violated in this dialect. There were anti-deletion constraint (MAX) and the similarity constraint of the features of place and manner of articulation IDENT (place & manner). Likewise, the presence of consonant clusters and the existence of the CODA in this dialect produces a marked structure. Finally, it can be concluded that there were markedness constraints that played a role in determining the optimal output and are ranked higher than the faithfulness constraints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - and /e/ to /u/“A Study on Shifting the Vowels /e/ to /i/ in Present tense and Imperative verbs initiating with the morpheme /be/ in Abadani dialect” Depending on Optimality theory”
elkhas veisi fateme derisKhuzestani or Jonubi dialect known as Abadani dialect is one of the well-known Iranian dialects to which less research are dedicated. To this end, the present study aims at investigating, the shifting of vowels /e/ to /i/ and /e/ to /u/ respectiv MoreKhuzestani or Jonubi dialect known as Abadani dialect is one of the well-known Iranian dialects to which less research are dedicated. To this end, the present study aims at investigating, the shifting of vowels /e/ to /i/ and /e/ to /u/ respectively, via the progressive assimilation in imperative verbs with present tense initiating with /be/ in Abadani dialect. These phonological shifts do not occur in all speech events. The analysis of the collected data carried out descriptively within the theoretical framework of Optimality. The optimality tables explain why these processes do not occur in all cases, using the faithfulness and markedness constraints. The results have shown that the first consonant of the neighboring syllable after the morpheme /be/, determines the happening or blocking of the above mentioned transformation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - An Approach Utilizing Epsilon-Constraint and NSGA-II for Circular Manufacturing Supply Chain Networks
Fatemeh Jaferi Arash Shahin Mohammadreza Vasili Omid Boyer Hassani -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the Impact of Business Dependence on Financing Related Factors
amir hadi ali hakim Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarloui Hadi Karamad Sani Nasim LotfiAbstractIn general, in financing, companies affiliated with the business group have more benefits than other companies because these companies have more access to financial resources and the domestic capital markets also support them . Factors related to financing in Te MoreAbstractIn general, in financing, companies affiliated with the business group have more benefits than other companies because these companies have more access to financial resources and the domestic capital markets also support them . Factors related to financing in Tehran Stock Exchange companies have been discussed. In this research, 118 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1397 - 1392 have been studied. To test the hypotheses, panel regression and difference test models were used . The research findings show that companies affiliated to the business group have a higher leverage ratio than research findings show that companies affiliated to the business group have a higher leverage ratio than independent companies. Have higher financing costs than independent companies. Finally, companies affiliated with business groups have different leverage ratios, financing constraints, and financing costs than other companies.Keywords: companies affiliated with business groups, leverage ratio, financial constraints, financing costs.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigate the relationship between management ability and financial constraints and cash holding value
alireza hassan maleki ali haghaniAbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between management ability with financial constraints and cash holding value. Demarjian et al.'s model was used to measure management ability, Falkander and Wong's model was used to measure cash hol MoreAbstractThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between management ability with financial constraints and cash holding value. Demarjian et al.'s model was used to measure management ability, Falkander and Wong's model was used to measure cash holding value, and White and Wu's index was used to measure financial constraints. The statistical population of the research was all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2014 to 2019, and the purposeful elimination method was used to determine the size of the statistical sample. Finally, 151 companies were selected as a statistical sample. The statistical results showed that management ability in companies reduces financial restrictions and improves cash holding value. Hence, it can be concluded that the ability of management becomes an important factor in improving the company's investment decisions and the efficiency of its operations. The selection of capable managers has led to an increase in efficiency and productivity in the company, which can lead to the success of the company in the industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Optimal Power Allocation for CR Networks with Direct and AF Relay-Aided Transmissions
anahita Pakdelian Rouhollah AghajaniOne of the most prominent challenges in meeting the demand is the scarcity of radio resources. Cognitive radio is one of the techniques has been proposed for efficiently utilizing the radio resources. In Cognitive Radio CR) networks, the CR users have opportunities to a MoreOne of the most prominent challenges in meeting the demand is the scarcity of radio resources. Cognitive radio is one of the techniques has been proposed for efficiently utilizing the radio resources. In Cognitive Radio CR) networks, the CR users have opportunities to access the licensed spectrum bands assigned to the primary users (PUs). Since the PUs have priorities to use the bands, the CR users are not allowed to generate unacceptable interference to them. In this paper, we investigate power allocation schemes for CR networks with two users where one users uses direct transmission and the other uses AF relay-aided transmissions. We first formulate an overall rate optimization problem with interference constraints to the PU and peak power constraints at each node and obtain solutions by theoretical analysis. We also simulate the solution base on different location of the relay and different location of the PU network.we compare the results with equal power allocation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Adaptive control of nonlinear time delay systems in the presence of output constraints
Fatemeh Mohammadzamani Mahnaz Hashemi Ghazanfar ShahgholianControlling systems in industrial processes are subject to problems such as the limitation of system signals, the uncertainties of parameters, the time delay and the failure of actuators. The design of the controller, which can satisfy the constraints, counteract and om MoreControlling systems in industrial processes are subject to problems such as the limitation of system signals, the uncertainties of parameters, the time delay and the failure of actuators. The design of the controller, which can satisfy the constraints, counteract and omit these effects, has attracted much attention.On the other hand, the issue of time delay is so serious and effective, which can make the system unstable and disrupt the process. Many of the devices in the systems, such as sensors and actuators, may be defective. The important thing is that any of the above or even system parameters may be uncertain. Identifying, estimating and fixing the destructive effects of the problems mentioned by the controller of the system.The proposed method of control for nonlinear systems in the presence of an uncertain parameters, delay and faults in actuators. There is no need to limit the parameters, delays, and fault of the actuators. This comparative method is capable of guaranteeing the overall boundary of all closed-loop system signals and the convergence of tracking errors to a small neighborhood around the origin. At the end, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Neural Adaptive Robust Finite-Time Control of Tractor-Trailer Wheeled Mobile Robot via Input-Output Feedback Linearization Technique
Maliheh Kazemipour Khoshnam ShojaeiThe reference trajectory tracking is one of the most important issues in the field of tractor-trailer wheeled mobile robots control. In this paper, thetrajectory tracking control issues of a tractor-trailer wheeled mob­ile robot has been significantly solved in the MoreThe reference trajectory tracking is one of the most important issues in the field of tractor-trailer wheeled mobile robots control. In this paper, thetrajectory tracking control issues of a tractor-trailer wheeled mob­ile robot has been significantly solved in the presence of structural uncertainties,non-hol­o­­n­o­mic constraints and external disturbance. The proposed scheme is based on a design that the tractor-trailer’s state space representation is extracted from its dynamic and ki­n­­e­matic models and presented ina companion format first. In the following,by considering the state space representation of system, the control algorithm is presented includingtwo external and internal control loops. Toward this end, the control law has been developed in the inner loop via input-output feedback linearization in a nonlinear feedback formwh­i­­ch is continuously eliminating the nonlinear dynamics of the system. Then,by using a comb­ination of the output that is pr­o­duced in linearization steps with a terminal sliding mode control algorithm and sketching a neural robust ad­aptive finite time controller in the outer loop, the accurate and fast performance of the closed loop system has been guar­a­nteed in the presence of uncertainties. The proposed control algorithmfinally guarantees the boundedness of closed-loop signals and accurate finite time convergence of tracking errors. At the end, the effectiveness of the proposed sch­eme has been demo­nstrated and shown through the extended Lyapunov theorem and simulated by MATLAB application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Cooperative Control of a Group of Euler-Lagrange Systems Using Adaptive Multilayer Neural Control in the Presence of Output State Constraints
Amir Naderolasli Khoshnam Shojaei Abbas ChatraeiIn this paper, a constrained formation control design is implemented for a group motion of systems based on the Euler-Lagrange dynamics in the presence of model uncertainties and un-modeled dynamics with considering the output state constraints. To design a constrained MoreIn this paper, a constrained formation control design is implemented for a group motion of systems based on the Euler-Lagrange dynamics in the presence of model uncertainties and un-modeled dynamics with considering the output state constraints. To design a constrained formation control system, a dynamic model with respect to the Euler-Lagrange based on leader-follower structure is utilized. To solve the constrained problem of these systems, a Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) is applied that advances to infinity when its arguments reach to the finite bounds, in which is applied in the control design. This feature of BLFs is applied to prevent the violation of state variables from the constrained boundaries and restrict the errors of these states in the predetermined and limited bounds. Thus, the Lyapunov stability method is adopted to reveal all the signals of the closed-loop system that are bounded and the stability of formation problem is proved as semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). The computer simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of this leader-follower formation controller for systems based on the Euler-Lagrange dynamics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Day-Ahead Coordination of Vehicle-to-Grid Operation and Wind Power in Security Constraints Unit Commitment (SCUC)
Mohammad Javad Abdollahi Majid MoazzamiIn this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation MoreIn this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation cost and satisfy the constraints of networks and units in a period of time, as one of the most important research interest in power systems. Today, the relationship between power network and energy storage systems is interested for many researchers and network operators. Using Electrical Vehicles (PEVs) and wind power for energy production is one of the newest proposed methods for replacing fossil fuels.One of the effective strategies for analyzing of the effects of Vehicle 2 Grid (V2G) and wind power in optimal operation of generation is running of SCUC for power systems that are equipped with V2G and wind power resources. In this paper, game theory method is employed for deterministic solution of day-ahead unit commitment with considering security constraints in the simultaneous presence of V2G and wind power units. This problem for two scenarios of grid-controlled mode and consumer-controlled mode in three different days with light, medium and heavy load profiles is analyzed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the presence of V2G and wind power for decreasing of generation cost and improving operation indices of power systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - QFT Controller Design for Uncertain Multivariable Linear Systems With Constraint on Bandwidth, With the Aid of an Internal Feedback
Bahram Karimi Farid Sheykholeslam Iman SabooriBased on the explained and proved theorems, this paper presents a new robust QFT controller design for uncertain multivariable linear systems with hard time-domain constraints on their output signals, as well as constraints on their bandwidth. In this method, the multiv MoreBased on the explained and proved theorems, this paper presents a new robust QFT controller design for uncertain multivariable linear systems with hard time-domain constraints on their output signals, as well as constraints on their bandwidth. In this method, the multivariable process is converted to a new process using an internal feedback and diagonal controller. With the aid of basically non-interacting(BNI) method in QFT, the resulting process is devided into several SISO systems and proper controllers is then designed by QFT. Controller transfer function matrix is diagonal, therefore, desired bandwidth can be acquired. Finally a comparison of the proposed method and the conventional QFT method, as well as its application, is shown in an example. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Optimum design of truss structures using particle swarm optimization considering dynamic constraints
siamak talat Hamed EbrahimzadehThese days, truss structures becomes more important due to their high performance. The benefits of frequent use of this particular type of structures include the participation of all members on dividing and distributing of loads, robustness (this means that the collapse MoreThese days, truss structures becomes more important due to their high performance. The benefits of frequent use of this particular type of structures include the participation of all members on dividing and distributing of loads, robustness (this means that the collapse of a limited number of members does not necessarily lead to the collapse of the main structures), covering large spans with minimum consumption, ease implementing, etc. Therefore, the optimization of truss structures can play a significant role on reducing costs. The particle swarm optimization algorithm has a number of advantages compared to other algorithms, which make it superior; some of these benefits is as: a small number of regulatory parameters, good use of required memory and high speed of convergence. The frequency resonances of the structures were selected as the constraints due to prevent large deformation and thereby prevent structural damage. The results of the new proposed algorithm is far better than the original PSO algorithm and other algorithms used in this research in both the rate of convergence and the quality of solutions for finding optimum design of truss structures considering dynamic constraints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - بکارگیری تئوری محدودیت ها در برنامه ریزی و مدیریت تولید-مطالعه موردی
Ahmad Hooshmand Ali Reza Mehrazeen Ali Reza Davoody Mohamad Reza Shorvarziتغییرات مستمر در کسب و کار ،موجب گردید که محیط تجاری پویا شود و ضرورت بهره گیری از اطلاعات در تصمیم گیری و مدیریت افزایش یابد.درک و شناخت این محیط به اهمیت نقش حسابداری مدیریت به عنوان پارادایمی نوین در ادامه تکامل دانش حسابداری کمک شایانی می کند. نتیجه این تغییرات ،موج Moreتغییرات مستمر در کسب و کار ،موجب گردید که محیط تجاری پویا شود و ضرورت بهره گیری از اطلاعات در تصمیم گیری و مدیریت افزایش یابد.درک و شناخت این محیط به اهمیت نقش حسابداری مدیریت به عنوان پارادایمی نوین در ادامه تکامل دانش حسابداری کمک شایانی می کند. نتیجه این تغییرات ،موجب تغییر در رویکردها و دیدگاههای حسابداری مدیریت می شود.از جمله این تغییرات محدودیت هایی است که در خط مشی و سیاستها، تقاضا و فرایند تولید در موسسات تولیدی ایجاد شده که تنها راه دستیابی به حداکثر سود صرفا با تعیین ترکیب تولید محصولات بر اساس محدودیت های موجود است. در این تحقیق با شناسایی محدودیت های یک شرکت تولید کننده کاشی که شامل محدودیت درخط تولید و تقاضا می باشد، ضمن شناسایی گلوگاه تولید که قسمت کوره می باشد، با استفاده از نرم افزار LINGOورژن15، برنامه ریزی تولید تدوین و بر روی متغیرها و اقلام سمت راست تحلیل حساسیت انجام شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - ارایه یک روش انشعاب و تحدید و برنامه ریزی مبتنی بر شانس برای حل مسئله توالی عملیات احتمالی با در نظر گرفتن هزینه توزیع. مطالعه موردی در ایران.
حمیدرضا حداد -
Open Access Article
95 - خصوصیات سیستم های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و میزان مشارکت اقتصادی آنها در مناطق کوهستانی اتیوپی
و. تسگا ب. تمیر ج. آبب ک. زارالیساین مطالعه به منظور توصیف سیستم­های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و اهمیت اقتصادی آنها در شهرهایDebre Berhan و Dessie و حومه آنها در اتیوپی آغاز شد. این مطالعه بر پایه مذاکرات گروهی، طراحی پرسشنامه و مشاهدات شخصی انجام گرفت. در هر دو منطقه اکثریت پرورش­دهندگان گوسف Moreاین مطالعه به منظور توصیف سیستم­های پرورش گوسفند شهری و حومه و اهمیت اقتصادی آنها در شهرهایDebre Berhan و Dessie و حومه آنها در اتیوپی آغاز شد. این مطالعه بر پایه مذاکرات گروهی، طراحی پرسشنامه و مشاهدات شخصی انجام گرفت. در هر دو منطقه اکثریت پرورش­دهندگان گوسفند، مردان سرپرستان خانوار هستند که غالباً این افراد در نواحی شهری، تجار و در حومه شهرها، کشاورز می­باشند. متوسط اندازه خانواده در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan (4/5) بیشتر از حومه Dessie (8/4) بود. در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan، 3/39 درصد دارای اندازه زمین تملیکی بین 1 تا 2 هکتار بودند و در نواحی حومه Dessie 4/48 درصد از پاسخ­ دهندگان دارای اندازه زمین تملیکی کمتر از 5/0 هکتار بودند. تعداد جمعیت گوسفند و سایر حیوانات مزرعه­ای در نواحی حومه Debre Berhan بیشتر از حومه Dessie بود. به استثنای دانه­های خشک شده صنایع تخمیری تمامی انواع دیگر خوراک مورد استفاده برای پرورش گوسفند مشابه بودند ولی قابلیت دسترسی در میان نواحی مورد مطالعه متفاوت بود. در هر دو منطقه شهری و حومه شهرها عمدهی انواع خوراک در دسترس شامل مراتع طبیعی جهت چرا، علوفه خشک، بقایای گیاهان زراعی، سبوس گندم و کیک دانه­های روغنی، فرآورده­های جانبی حاصل از صنایع تخمیری محلی و فرآوری دانه­های بقولات بودند. پرورش گوسفند اولین منبع درآمد در منطقه Dessie و دومین منبع درآمد در منطقه Debre Berhan می­باشد. پرورش گوسفند در مناطق شهری و حومه شهرها به دلیل محسوب شدن به عنوان منبع درآمد و غذا برای افراد خانه­دار دارای مزایای اقتصادی است. هزینه بالای خوراک، عدم وجود نژادهای اصلاح شده و سرمایه و کمبود نیروی کار به عنوان محدودیت­های عمده به حساب می­آیند. شرایط مساعد آب و هوایی، قیمت مناسب بازار و قابلیت دسترسی به خوراک­های مکمل در مناطق شهری به عنوان عوامل سودمند در زمینه پرورش گوسفند محسوب می­شوند. اگرچه محدودیت­هایی برای پرورش گوسفند وجود دارند، ولی باید از فرصت­های موجود در زمینه پرورش گوسفند استفاده شود. انجام بسته­بندی مناسب و علمی مواد خوراکی از منابع خوراک محلی و در دسترس ضروری به نظر می­رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Constraints Analysis of Poultry Production at Dzongu Area of North Sikkim in India
B.G. Nath P.K. Pathak A.K. Mohanty -
Open Access Article
97 - Breeding Objectives, Selection Criteria and Breeding Practices of Indigenous Goat Population in Ethiopia: A Review
K. Tilahun S. Betsha A. Melesse -
Open Access Article
98 - Wised Semi-Supervised Cluster Ensemble Selection: A New Framework for Selecting and Combing Multiple Partitions Based on Prior knowledge
Fozieh Asghari Paeenroodposhti Saber Nourian Muhammad Yousefnezhad -
Open Access Article
99 - Modeling the Perspectives of Changing the Behavioral Habits of Personal Vehicles Users in the Using Public Transportation (Case Study: Tabriz Metropolis)
M. Abdullahi M. Pourmohammadi R. GhorbaniTo understand the background of current travel model is a key issue in the efficient development of urban transport planning, because identifying the mode and factors of travel choice is important to facilitate behavior change. In most cases, the realities of transporta MoreTo understand the background of current travel model is a key issue in the efficient development of urban transport planning, because identifying the mode and factors of travel choice is important to facilitate behavior change. In most cases, the realities of transportation on behavioral approaches are explained better than the logic models. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of various factors on the choice of the way of travel for users of personal and public transport. Therefore, conceptual model of travel habits was designed by combining the constraints on the choice of perceptual behavior and planned attitude. Based on the objective, the methodology of this study is of the type of applied-developmental research and also descriptive, analytical and survey method in terms of objective and also, nature and method, respectively. Data were collected through questionnaires and obtaining public comments according to the general displacement in Tabriz city. The sample was estimated using Cochran formula for 1,100 people in 166 traffic area of Tabriz. The results of the Structural equation modeling of travel pattern represent a variance more than 17 percent in private vehicle users and more than 14 percent in public transport users. Other factors such as attitudinal and choice constraints were not so important. Unlike the results of structural equation modeling, attitudinal believes provide possibility of prediction. Accordingly, through binary logistic regression, the willingness of travellers in using public transport was studied, suggesting a significant negative effect of travel habits on the probability of choosing public transportation. Based on the findings of this study, strategic suggestions have been presented aimed at breaking unsustainable driving habits and forming new sustainable habits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Constraints to Farmers Willingness to Pay for Private Irrigation Delivery in Nandom, Ghana
Yussif K Obeng K Hudu Zakaria -
Open Access Article
101 - Constraints and Adoption of Practices in poultry production in the Northern Agricultural Zone of Delta State, Nigeria
Ajieh Chuks C. O Oyibojoba -
Open Access Article
102 - Profitability Analysis and Constraints to Pepper (Capsicum Sp) Marketing in Ijumu Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
Ufedo Shaibu Felix Oyibo Stephen Ibitoye -
Open Access Article
103 - Climate Information and Health Variables as Determinants of Technical Efficiency: Insight from Food Crop Farmers
Adewale Olutumise Lawrence Oparinde -
Open Access Article
104 - An Evaluation of The Major Constraints Hampering the Effective Functioning of the Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank in Kogi State, Nigeria
Adofu I Orebiyi J. S Otitolaiye J. O -
Open Access Article
105 - Analysis of Production and Marketing Constraints of Tomato among Rural Farmers in Talensi Nabdam District of Upper East Region of Ghana
Farida A Fariya A -
Open Access Article
106 - Gender Analysis of Access and Utilisation of Information and Communication Technologies in Ekiti state
O. T Yekinni K. M Sunday I. O Badiru -
Open Access Article
107 - Constraints to Increasing Agricultural Production and Productivity among Women Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Agricultural Transformation Agenda
Mary O. Agada Evangeline N. Ajani -
Open Access Article
108 - Assessment of Youth Involvement in Agricultural Production: The Case of Sabon-Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Issa F. O. Obioma O. D. Sallau R. -
Open Access Article
109 - Perceptions of Constraints Affecting Adoption of Women-in-Agriculture Programme Technologies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
A. Akpabio Iniobong A. Etim Nsikak Abasi Sunday OkonThe study focused on constraints affecting the adoption of innovative agricultural technologies disseminated by the Women-in-Agriculture (WIA) unit of the Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) to its women clientele. The study also ascertained the awaren MoreThe study focused on constraints affecting the adoption of innovative agricultural technologies disseminated by the Women-in-Agriculture (WIA) unit of the Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) to its women clientele. The study also ascertained the awareness and adoption levels of such introduced technologies. Findings revealed that respondents were aware of 61.9% of introduced technologies, while only 33.3% were fully adopted. The study also identified seven factors responsible for the non-adoption of women farmers’ related technologies. The three highest ranking constraining factors were revealed as; high cost of inputs, low income level of women farmers and lack of regular contact with WIA extension agents. Reasons have been proffered for the relatively low technologies’ adoption levels. Recommendations have also been made to enhance the technology adoption level. These include the necessity to introduce only socio- economically and culturally compatible technologies to WIA clientele, a wholesale focus on follow-up activities after initial group based technology introduction activities, and the attachment of a credit scheme to the WIA program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - A Robust Possibilistic Chance-Constrained Programming Model for Optimizing a Multi-Objective Aggregate Production Planning Problem under Uncertainty
Navee Chiadamrong Tuan Doan -
Open Access Article
111 - Optimisation of assembly scheduling in VCIM systems using genetic algorithm
Son Duy Dao Kazem Abhary Romeo Marian -
Open Access Article
112 - Assembly line performance and modeling
Arun B. Rane Vivek K. Sunnapwar -
Open Access Article
113 - An improved genetic algorithm for multidimensional optimization of precedence-constrained production planning and scheduling
Son Duy Dao Kazem Abhary Romeo Marian -
Open Access Article
114 - Solving a bi-objective mathematical model for location-routing problem with time windows in multi-echelon reverse logistics using metaheuristic procedure
V. R. Ghezavati M. Beigi -
Open Access Article
115 - A firefly algorithm for solving competitive location-design problem: a case study
Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Milad Gorji Ashtiani Reza Ramezanian Ahmad Makui -
Open Access Article
116 - A mathematical model for the multi-mode resource investment problem
M Sabzehparvar -
Open Access Article
117 - Parallel computation framework for optimizing trailer routes in bulk transportation
Ugandhar Delli Ashesh Kumar Sinha -
Open Access Article
118 - A dynamic programming approach for solving nonlinear knapsack problems
E Jahangiri F Ghassemi-Tari -
Open Access Article
119 - A new heuristic approach to solve product mix problems in a multi-bottleneck system
A.R Rashidi Komijan B Aryanezhad A Makui -
Open Access Article
120 - Flexible job shop scheduling under availability constraints
M.T Taghavi-Fard H.R Dehnar Saidy -
Open Access Article
121 - A Discovery of Stock Portfolio through Using Cardinal Restrictions
hassan aboalfathiDiversity and complexity of investment decisions in the last few decades have increased dramatically. This massive growth has created an increasing need for integrated and comprehensive models to meet these requirements. Financial modeling has been created through MoreDiversity and complexity of investment decisions in the last few decades have increased dramatically. This massive growth has created an increasing need for integrated and comprehensive models to meet these requirements. Financial modeling has been created through linking financial approach and mathematical programming. These models use the development of mathematical programming and financial issues in parallel. The aim of this study was to develop an intelligent model for selecting optimal stock basket using an Improved Constraint Differential Evolution (ICDE) Algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems. To this end, the risk and expected returns of pharmaceutical companies and investment firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange have been evaluated on a monthly basis. The sample included financial data of 32 pharmaceutical companies and 28 investment firms for the years 2011 to 2015. The results show that, taking into account the interactions between risk and return, the algorithm used has the capability of selecting the optimal stock basket. Moreover, based on the results acquired it is concluded that a portfolio of pharmaceutical companies has been more efficient than investment companies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Relationship between Corporate Investment and Stock Liquidity with an Emphasis on the Role of Financial Constraints in the Iranian Capital Market
Sara Mosayebi Roya DarabiThe main purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between corporate investment and stock liquidity with an emphasis on the role of financial constraints of Iran's capital market in the companies accepted at Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. The MoreThe main purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between corporate investment and stock liquidity with an emphasis on the role of financial constraints of Iran's capital market in the companies accepted at Tehran Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. The theoretical foundations of the present study were collected using the library research method through the books, theses papers, and the statistical information was collected using financial statements and relevant notes. The present study employed panel method as the analysis method, and it used EVIEWS7 for analysis. The results of the study suggest that there is a significant relationship between corporate investment and stock liquidity. In addition, the financial constraints have an inverse and significant effect on the relationship between corporate investment and stock liquidity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Assessment of Feed Resources in Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Mid and High Land of Bale, Ethiopia
Aliyi Jarso -
Open Access Article
124 - Indigenous Rangeland Management Systems on Carbon Sequestration in Semi-arid Areas of Eastern Ethiopia
Ahmed Mohammed Kassa Retta Mekete Tahir Abebe Fereja -
Open Access Article
125 - Managerial over Confidence, Corporate Social Responsibility Activities, Corporate Performance and Financial Constraints
Mohadeseh Shaghaghi Shahnaz MashayekhAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfid MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management overconfidence and social responsibility, to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance with the moderating role of managerial overconfidence and to investigate the relationship between corporate responsibility and corporate performance with the role of moderating financial constraints. This study is an appliedresearch in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlation research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Using the data collected from the statistical sample of the research, which includes 138 companies, the research hypotheses were tested. To calculate managerial overconfidence, the capital expenditure ratio was used and to calculate the corporate social responsibility index, data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used. Social accountability Data envelopment analysis method was used. The results show that managerial overconfidence has a positive and significant relationship with corporate social responsibility. Also, managerial overconfidence weakens the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance, and financial constraints do not moderate the relationship between corporate social responsibility and company performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Impact of Cash Flow Asymmetric Sensitivity on Relationship between Financing Constraints and Conditional Conservatism
یداله تاری وردی ندا عمادیانThis study reviewed the impact of cash flow asymmetric sensitivity on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, 138 firms of Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated. To test the hy MoreThis study reviewed the impact of cash flow asymmetric sensitivity on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism in listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In this study, 138 firms of Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated. To test the hypothesis, themultiple linear regression modelswere used. The findings show that financing constraints have a positive& meaningful impact onconditional conservatism.AlsoCash flow asymmetric sensitivitydoesn't have positive &meaningful impact on conditional conservatism. In addition, Cash flow asymmetric sensitivity does not have a positive & meaningful impact on relationship between financing constraints and conditional conservatism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Information Distribution Pricing Modeling Based on Financing Constraints, Business Strategy and Corporate Governance with Structural Equation Approach
محمود نوذر پور امیررضا کیقبادیThe flow of information in the market environment affects the behavior of market participants. It is natural for market participants to have a different share of this information flow. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of financial constraints, bu MoreThe flow of information in the market environment affects the behavior of market participants. It is natural for market participants to have a different share of this information flow. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of financial constraints, business strategies and corporate governance on the value of information and changes in the distribution of accounting information.In order to investigate the subject of the study, after extracting data related to companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the composite data regression model has been used to test the research hypotheses. Information asymmetry pricing decreases in the face of high financial constraints. It is also lower at higher levels of corporate governance. On the other hand, pricing information asymmetry is higher at levels with bold strategy. Financial constraints lead to differences in the cost of capital between companies with high information asymmetry and companies with low information asymmetry. , Pursuing a market-based and innovative strategy requires investing in several new technologies to design products and explore new markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation in Microgrid by Considering Load Modeling
Ferinar Moaidi Masoud Aliakbar Golkar -
Open Access Article
129 - Designing a Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) model of Green Closed Loop Supply Network (GCLSN) direction integrating financial and operational flow
shahram mokhlesabadi Mohammadreza Kabaranzadeh Khadim Hasanali Aghajanikasehgar Mohammad Mehdi MovahediToday's the world is more competitive than ever therefore in order to survive in such an environment for organizations having with a supply management network has become an essential issue a recyclable and environmentally friendly product. The purpose of this article is MoreToday's the world is more competitive than ever therefore in order to survive in such an environment for organizations having with a supply management network has become an essential issue a recyclable and environmentally friendly product. The purpose of this article is to design Green Closed Loop Network (GCLN) to integrate financial- physical flows. The innovation of this article designing a four objective model to minimize deviations in financial indicators from desired limits; Costs; The rate of emission of pollutant gases throughout the environmental network and maximizing profits of shareholders using mathematical modeling of Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) with considering financial flows and its integration with physical flow. Modeling problem of FGP in a multi level multi period and multi product supply network with aim of maximizing shareholder wealth. To deal with multi-objective nature of FGP has been used. The model is designed and implemented in the dairy industry. The proposed model has been designed with GAMS24 software CPLEX solver tested using epsilon method of constraint. The results of modeling and solving numerical model show importance of the role of financial ratios and at the same time consider operational financial dimensions in mathematical model to gain a stable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Explain the anomalies of accruals and financial constraints through value and momentum factors And test performance with GRS test at Tehran stock exchange
gholamreza soleimanian daruosh foroughi hadi amiriConsidering the inverse relationship between the value and momentum factors and the lack of simultaneous use of them in capital asset pricing models such as CAPM and Fama and French's three-factor model, the basis of this study is to provide a new functional model has b MoreConsidering the inverse relationship between the value and momentum factors and the lack of simultaneous use of them in capital asset pricing models such as CAPM and Fama and French's three-factor model, the basis of this study is to provide a new functional model has been replacing pricing models of investing in stocks based on value, momentum with market risk and explain the anomalies of accruals and financial constraints through it. By imposing restrictions during the period from 1386 to 1395, 120 companies were sampled and tested. The results of the test of models and assumptions indicate the existence of convergence between the value and momentum factors with the excess return on stocks based on value / momentum, value / size, accruals / size, financial constraints / size, and these factors lead to Risk taking in the embedding portfolios based on the property of value (momentum), accruals (size) and financial constraints (size). Also, the three-factor model of value, momentum with market risk, has less GRS test statistic among competing models, and has the best performance compared to capital asset pricing models such as the CAPM and the Fama and French three-factor model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The financial development, financial constraint and firms investment
somayeh peyghambari fatemeh samadi Ahmad YaghbnezhadThe ratio of investment can have a significant impact on various criteria such as the ratio of cash flows and dividends. The long-term policies of managers are such that the ratio of cash flows of companies increases, and in the same way dividend profits will increase, MoreThe ratio of investment can have a significant impact on various criteria such as the ratio of cash flows and dividends. The long-term policies of managers are such that the ratio of cash flows of companies increases, and in the same way dividend profits will increase, and with increasing dividends, the amount of investment in research and development spending will also increase. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial development, financial constraints and investment. This research is library and analytical-Ali research and is based on the analysis of panel data (data panel). In this research financial information of 104 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2017 (624 companies - year) was investigated. The results of the research show that according to the analyzes carried out in relation to the confirmation of the first hypothesis of the research, it can be concluded that financial development has a significant and direct effect on the investment rate of firms, and finally, according to the analysis of the relationship By confirming the second hypothesis of the research, we conclude that financial constraints have a significant and inverse effect on the investment rate of firms.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Multi-period portfolio optimization model design with a new approach to fuzzy uncertainty
Zahra Khandan Barkousaraee Emran Mohammadi Farzad Movahedi SobhaniPortfolio optimization and selection is one of the most important issues in the financial world, so investors are trying to make decisions that are most in line with the real world. But the uncertainty in data and parameters, and the contradiction in the investor's goal MorePortfolio optimization and selection is one of the most important issues in the financial world, so investors are trying to make decisions that are most in line with the real world. But the uncertainty in data and parameters, and the contradiction in the investor's goals, adds to the complexity of the stock portfolio optimization problem, and the other hand because of the efficient market, it is necessary to use multi-period models that, unlike single-period models, allow the investor to review their wealth at the beginning of each period. This paper introduces a new approach to optimizing a multi-period portfolio optimization based on fuzzy general theory and using scenario tree to deal with uncertainties. In addition to considering all of the above constraints, It has made it possible for the investor to be able to apply his manner by changing the parameter to optimistic-pessimistic, and there is no need to model in credibility, necessity or possibility mode. Then the proposed model is solved by the Epsilon constraint method. Finally, using the data of 17 companies from different industries operating in the Tehran Stock Exchange Market in 1398, we examine the validity of the model and its efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Evaluation of Delphi models in Explaining the pattern of relationships between financial constraints, life cycle and social responsibility In companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
mohammadreza panahian Hasan Ghodrati hosein panahian Meytham ArabzadehCorporate social responsibility includes a set of corporate activities and actions that it performs with the aim of doing good for people inside the organization such as employees or people outside the organization, including suppliers, consumers and people. The result MoreCorporate social responsibility includes a set of corporate activities and actions that it performs with the aim of doing good for people inside the organization such as employees or people outside the organization, including suppliers, consumers and people. The result of social responsibility motivations of participate in management has been better performance company in terms of better allocation of organizational resources and reform of organizational strutures in line with the companys value oriented goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social responsibility during different stages of the life cycle on the financial constraints of the company. It took place until 1398. The results showed that due to the inverse relationship discovered between social responsibility and financial constraints, firms at each stage of development face different goals of social responsibility and show different capabilities in performing social responsibility. Also, for companies that are in the stages of growth, maturity and decline, the higher their social responsibility scores, the less financial constraints they face. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Evaluate the performance of bank branches using the control approach in analyzing the data cover weight
mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin elaheh khamseh Farzaneh MohamadiDEA-based methods for assessing the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis (DEA), in which the input and output weights are limited, has the ability of bank branches to use unlimited weights that are consistent with exaggerated judgments, adjusted prices, taking int MoreDEA-based methods for assessing the effectiveness of data envelopment analysis (DEA), in which the input and output weights are limited, has the ability of bank branches to use unlimited weights that are consistent with exaggerated judgments, adjusted prices, taking into account the risk associated with operating costs and costs Non-operational. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of first-class branches of a commercial bank in Iran using the weight limitation model in data envelopment analysis. Firstly, the important indicators for assessing the performance of bank branches were identified according to previous studies and then, according to the opinion of the banking experts and data envelopment analysis, to evaluate the efficiency of the first grade bank branches, which include two input indicators and four output indicators, will be finalized. After collecting information about 40 first-class branches of the bank in two half-yearly years in 1395, the DEA model will be evaluated without any restrictions on the first grade bank branches. This will also be done with limited DEA models. Finally, using descriptive statistics and statistical tests, we will show that the applied weight limit improves the performance of the performance of first-class bank branches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Portfolio Optimization Using Chance Constrained Compromise Programming
mojtaba nouri Emran MohammadiOne of the key issues for investors is the issue of creating an optimal stock portfolio. In the issue of choosing an portfolio, the decision maker faces different and sometimes conflicting goals such as rate of return, liquidity, dividend, and risk. In portfolio optimiz MoreOne of the key issues for investors is the issue of creating an optimal stock portfolio. In the issue of choosing an portfolio, the decision maker faces different and sometimes conflicting goals such as rate of return, liquidity, dividend, and risk. In portfolio optimization, the main issue is the optimal choice of assets and securities that can be made with a certain amount of capital, but on the one hand, the uncertainties associated with each share, and, on the other hand, the multiplicity of the optimal portfolio selection model, on the complexity of the problem increases. In this paper, the portfolio optimization under uncertainty has been studied. A randomized approach to converting uncertainty into a state of definiteness and agreeing to plan for a single objective is used in combination. Information about 20 pharmaceutical companies from the Tehran Stock Exchange has been used and the validity of the model has been investigated. The results show that the stock portfolio offered has a high performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Application of methods radial neural network, Gaussian process regression in predicting financial constraints Companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammadreza Gholamzadeh Mahdi faghani ahmad pifeOne of the important issues in predicting financial constraints is the choice of predictor variables. In this study, we investigated the Gaussian process machine learning method and radial neural network to predict financial constraints. For this purpose, 208 companies MoreOne of the important issues in predicting financial constraints is the choice of predictor variables. In this study, we investigated the Gaussian process machine learning method and radial neural network to predict financial constraints. For this purpose, 208 companies from 1390 to 1396 have been selected as the statistical population. Due to the availability of information, all companies have been considered as a statistical sample. The results of this study showed that machine learning methods have the ability to predict the financial constraints of corporations admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, the main hypothesis of this research is confirmed and machine learning methods are an effective way to predict financial constraints. Also, the results showed that the company's value, operating cash flow ratio, financial leverage, return on assets, and the percentage of institutional owners had the most importance in predicting financial constraints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The role of research and development costs on the relationship between financial constraints and profit sharing on the value of pharmaceutical companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange
Hossein Akbari Moghaddam Meisam Vahedian Mousa EbrahimiPurpose: In the present study, the role of research and development costs on the relationship between financial constraints and profit sharing on the value of pharmaceutical companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Valuation of companies is MorePurpose: In the present study, the role of research and development costs on the relationship between financial constraints and profit sharing on the value of pharmaceutical companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. Valuation of companies is one of the necessities of planning for managers and investors. If the company is successful in creating value, not only the investors and internal people of the companies, but also the society on a wider level will benefit from the creation of value.Methodology: In this research, the pharmaceutical companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2011-2018, including 34 companies, were investigated. The information was collected by using the data available in Rahavard Novin software and reviewing reports and financial statements by referring to the official website of the Tehran Stock Exchange; And correlation and regression tests of hypotheses were tested using Eviews10 software.Findings: The result of the first hypothesis test showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between financial constraints and the value of pharmaceutical companies. The results of the second hypothesis test showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between profit sharing and the value of pharmaceutical companies. Finally, the results of the third hypothesis test showed that research and development costs have a significant effect on the relationship between financial constraints and company value, and the fourth hypothesis also showed that research and development costs have a significant effect on the relationship between profit sharing and company value.Originality / Value: The results of this research, in addition to developing the theoretical foundations of research and development expenses, especially in the country's pharmaceutical industry, will help the managers of this industry and investors to estimate the research and development costs by considering factors such as how costs change with the company's profitability change. and consider the positive effect of research and development costs in optimizing the value of companies and its negative effects when financial constraints over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Analysis and explanation of stock returns based on third and fourth order torques of non-systematic risk and the role of arbitrage constraints and investors' limited attention to it
roqaye talebi Majid Zanjirdar Mohammadreza pour FakharanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the response of stock returns to non-systematic risk torque measurement models. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2013and 2020. The presen MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the response of stock returns to non-systematic risk torque measurement models. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2013and 2020. The present research is in the category of applied research. If the classification of types of research is considered based on the nature and method, the method of the present research is descriptive in terms of nature and is considered as a correlational research in terms of method. Based on the systematic elimination method, 152 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to describe and summarize the collected data. In order to analyze the data, first the variance heterogeneity pre-tests, F-Limer test and Jark-Bra test were used, and then multivariate regression were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EVIEWS software). The results showed the effect of unsystematic risk torques on future stock returns with increasing limited shareholder attention; Arbitrage restrictions as well as the simultaneous interaction between limited shareholder attention and arbitrage restrictions are intensifying; The obtained results eliminate the contradiction of studies and are consistent with the documents mentioned in the theoretical framework of research and financial literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Designing a Two-Dimensional Model of Customer Loyalty (Qualitative Approach Based on Grounded Theory)
mahboube nouri nasab seyed kamran nour bakhsh farideh hagh shenas kashaniObjective: In today's competitive market, gaining a suitable position and making customers loyal is of great importance, and since maintaining customers is more important than acquiring new customers, and creating value for customers is an important factor for retaining MoreObjective: In today's competitive market, gaining a suitable position and making customers loyal is of great importance, and since maintaining customers is more important than acquiring new customers, and creating value for customers is an important factor for retaining customers, Therefore, the present study seeks to identify effective factors to make customers loyal to electronic banking services, and providing a model in this field can open the way for businesses that seek to make customers loyal. Methodology: To explain the model, the present study has used Grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin's approach. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 experts who were selected by non-probability and purposeful sampling. Findings: The results were presented in the form of six components of the paradigm model. Customer loyalty as the axial phenomenon of identification and its relationship with other factors including causal conditions (trust, perceived value, service quality, involvement, confirmation, comparative advantage, satisfaction, commitment, inertia and switching cost), contextual conditions (society pressure), intervening conditions (environmental factor), strategy (customer orientation) and finally the result (advocate) were revealed. Conclusion: Based on the analysis of qualitative results, bank managers can provide a suitable platform for achieving organizational excellence by implementing and correctly implementing the factors affecting customer loyalty in electronic banking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigation Of The Requirement &Constraints Affecting Teleworking In Government Institutes; Case Study : Research Institutes of Minister of Roads and Urban Development
Farhad Ghaffari Ali Akbar Haddadi Harandi
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