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Open Access Article
1 - Survey of the Impacts of Effecting Factors on Consumers’ Attitude & Behavior and their effects on FMCGs Company's Future Decisions about Brand Extension Strategy
Abbas Saleh Ardesteni Behrooz Ghasemi Samaneh ParsaIn this article we want to find factors which affect on brand extension success, in order we can examine effecting local factors that help FMCG`s Iranian companies introduce their new products whit this strategy. So, the aim of this paper is study the effect of factors MoreIn this article we want to find factors which affect on brand extension success, in order we can examine effecting local factors that help FMCG`s Iranian companies introduce their new products whit this strategy. So, the aim of this paper is study the effect of factors such as: "self-connection, quality, nostalgia, marketing activities & brand features" on attitude & behavior of a consumer about a product with an extended brand; & also the effect of attitude on behavior. Therefore, we analyze consumers` reaction about an assume product with Parjak extended brand (low-fit) & a real product with Taj extended brand (high fit). In this descriptive-survey article, for gathering data we use a questionnaire. Findings among others indicate that: Parjak: (which doesn't have extending experience & in this paper it`s extended product is assumed –low fit): "Self-connection, quality, nostalgia, & brand features" affect on "behavior" & "self-connection, & quality" affect on consumer`s "attitude". Taj: (which has extending experience & in this paper it`s extended product is real–high fit): "Self-connection, quality, nostalgia, &, marketing activities" affect on "behavior" & "self-connection, & quality" affect on consumer`s "attitude". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Media communication model to increase farmers' awareness and improve and develop agriculture (Case study: promotional media)
seyed mohammad mousavi Faezeh Taghipour Ahmadeza GolparvarThe purpose of this study is to develop a model of media communication to achieve sustainable development of media agriculture. Qualitative research was grounded in theory through interviews and saturation with selected experts in the theoretical sample. In order to val MoreThe purpose of this study is to develop a model of media communication to achieve sustainable development of media agriculture. Qualitative research was grounded in theory through interviews and saturation with selected experts in the theoretical sample. In order to validate the research findings, using the views of professional media reporters, experts, professors and agricultural experts of Isfahan Jihad Agricultural Organization and the Ministry of Jihad AgricultureFor this purpose, the data theory method was used, including three stages of open, axial and selective coding, Strauss and Corbin. 45 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with theoretical sampling with related experts and in order to evaluate the validity of the model, it was developed and presented to 10 professors separately and their opinions were obtained for correction and adjustment.The main phenomenon of the research was media exploitation for agricultural development and improvement. Conditions due to drought and water shortage, lack of expertise, lack of responsibility, lack of interaction, inability of public opinion, distrust, inappropriate media content, secrecy and tasteful gatekeeper, inappropriate media policy, low communication ability, social dissatisfaction is identifiedAnd interfering factors in filtering issues and lack of free access to some media such as Telegram and Facebook, lack of progress in reform in the process of dialogue between the parties, financial abuse of a special class and lack of National Association of active journalists in agriculture and diversity of agricultural audiences and diversity Agricultural media audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Incorporation of essential oils (EOs) and nanoparticles (NPs) into active packaging systems in meat and meat products: A review
Mina Kargozari Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
4 - A model for the "Fuzzy TOPSIS" based on Zadde's extension principle
R. KARGARThe TOPSIS process is one of the most comprehensive systems designed for decision making with multiple criteria, since this technique enables formulation of the problem as decision matrix, as well as the possibility of considering different quantitative and qualitative MoreThe TOPSIS process is one of the most comprehensive systems designed for decision making with multiple criteria, since this technique enables formulation of the problem as decision matrix, as well as the possibility of considering different quantitative and qualitative criteria in the problem. Fuzzy TOPSIS methods have been introduced to make fundamental decisions that make decisions decisions in these ways, including the lack of precision in fuzzy calculations, which can be attributed to the lack of use of the principle of "Zadeh” in the definition of operators. For example, the multiplication of two triangular fuzzy numbers will not necessarily be triangular fuzzy. However, in most of the fuzzy TOPSIS methods, this is assumed. In this paper, we attempt to first define the ideal vector of false algebra, then two functions are designed for this purpose, then the optimal of these functions can be found using GA. All steps are based on the principle of "Zadeh”". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - On (Quasi-)morphic Property of Trivial Extensions of Rings
Najmeh dehghani Mojtaba SedaghatjooLet R be a ring and M be an R-R bimodule. R is called left quasi-morphic if for every a∈R, there exist elements b,c∈R such that l_R (a)=Rb and l_R (c)=Ra. Besides, R is said to be left morphic whenever in the above definition b and c can be chosen the same. In MoreLet R be a ring and M be an R-R bimodule. R is called left quasi-morphic if for every a∈R, there exist elements b,c∈R such that l_R (a)=Rb and l_R (c)=Ra. Besides, R is said to be left morphic whenever in the above definition b and c can be chosen the same. In this paper, we investigate conditions under which the trivial extension R⋉M of R by M is (quasi-)morphic. We present some examples showing that neither R nor M inherits the (quasi-)morphic property from R⋉M, and vice versa. So, we obtain several necessary and sufficient conditions under which R⋉M is (quasi-)morphic. For instance, we show that left quasi-morphic property of R⋉M implies that M_R is divisible. Moreover, we prove that if R⋉M is left quasi-morphic and there exists x∈M such that either r_R (x)=0 or l_R (x)=0 then (_R^ )M is cyclic. In particular, if R is commutative, then M≃R and R is also quasi-morphic. In addition, we investigate the (quasi-)morphic property of R⋉M whenever M is free as a left (right) module over R. Consequently, we prove the following theorem which is the main outcome of this paper: if R is an integral domain and (_R^ )M is free, then R⋉M is left (quasi-)morphic if and only if R is a division ring and (_R^ )M≃(_R^ )R . As an application of this theorem, the result which is proved by Lee and Zhou, and also by Van An and et al., in 2007 and 2016, respectively, is deduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - THE ROPER-SUFFRIDGE EXTENSION OPERATORS ON THE CLASS OF STRONG AND ALMOST SPIRALLIKE MAPPINGS OF TYPE $beta$ AND ORDER $alpha$
Samira Rahrovi H. piriLet$mathbb{C}^n$ be the space of $n$ complex variables. Let$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ be a complete Reinhardt on$mathbb{C}^n$. The Minkowski functional on complete Reinhardt$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ is denoted by $rho(z)$. The concept ofspirallike mapping of type $beta$ MoreLet$mathbb{C}^n$ be the space of $n$ complex variables. Let$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ be a complete Reinhardt on$mathbb{C}^n$. The Minkowski functional on complete Reinhardt$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ is denoted by $rho(z)$. The concept ofspirallike mapping of type $beta$ and order $alpha$ is defined.So, the concept of the strong and almost spirallike mappings of type$beta$ and order $alpha$ is discussed in this paper. From theSchwarz-Pick lemma, under certain conditions, we obtain that thegeneralized Roper-Suffridge operators preserve strong and almostspirallikeness of type $beta$ and order $alpha$ on bounded andcomplete Reinhardt domains $Omega_{n,p_1,cdots,p_n}$. For specificvalues for $alpha$ and $beta$, we obtain the correspondingdefinitions of strong spirallike mappings of type $beta$, strongand almost starlike mappings of order $alpha$, strong starlikemappings. Therefore we obtain the generalized Roper-Suffridgeoperators preserve strong spirallikeness of type $beta$, strong andalmost starlikeness of order $alpha$, strong starlikeness on thecorresponding domains. In particular, our results reduce to manywell-known results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Characterization of cubic derivations on various class of Banach algebras
Fariba Farajpour Ali Ebadian Shahram NajafzadehLet A be a Banach algebra and X be a Banach A-bimodule. A mapping D:A--->X is called a cubic derivation if, for all a,bin A we have D(ab)=a^3D(b)+D(a)b^3 . The mapping D:A--->X is called a cubic homogenous map if we have D(lambda a)=lambda^3 D(a) for all ain A and MoreLet A be a Banach algebra and X be a Banach A-bimodule. A mapping D:A--->X is called a cubic derivation if, for all a,bin A we have D(ab)=a^3D(b)+D(a)b^3 . The mapping D:A--->X is called a cubic homogenous map if we have D(lambda a)=lambda^3 D(a) for all ain A and lambdain C. In this paper, we define linear-cubic map and linear-cubic derivation as follows. We say the cubic homogenous map D:A--->X is a linear-cubic map if we have D(lambda a+b)=lambda^3D(a)+D(b) , for all a,bin A and lambdain C and moreover if D:A--->X is a cubic derivation, then we call it a linear-cubic derivation. In this paper, we characterize linear-cubic derivations on various class of Banach algebras such as Banach algebras obtained by theta-Lau product, module extensions of Banach algebras and amalgamated Banach algebras. For characterizing, we define theta-cubic derivation and module cubic mappings. For Banach algebra Atimes_theta B , where thetainsigma(A)cup{0} and A is unital, we show that D:A--->X is a linear-cubic derivation if and only if there are theat -cubic derivation D_B,A:B--->A and linear-cubic derivations D_A:A--->A and D_B:B---> B such that for any (a,b)in Atimes_theta B, be as follows D(a,b)=(D_A(a)+D_B,A(b),D(b)) and these mappings satisfy in the given condition. We obtain similar results for module extensions of Banach algebras and amalgamated Banach algebras. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Distinguished pairs of algebraic elements
َAzadeh NiksereshtLet v be a henselian valuation on a field K, and v ̃ be its unique extension to the algebraic closure K ̃ of K. An element α∈K ̃K has a distinguished pair if the corresponding set M(α,K) (defined as the following) has a maximum elementM(α,K)={v ̃( MoreLet v be a henselian valuation on a field K, and v ̃ be its unique extension to the algebraic closure K ̃ of K. An element α∈K ̃K has a distinguished pair if the corresponding set M(α,K) (defined as the following) has a maximum elementM(α,K)={v ̃(α-β)┤β in K ̃,[K(β) ∶K]<[K(α) ∶K]}.In this case, a pair (α,β) of elements of K ̃ is a distinguished pair for α whenever β is an element of smallest degree over K such that degα>degβ and v ̃(α-β)=supM(α,K). In this paper, we first present some results about distinguished pairs of algebraic elements of arbitrary degree over henselian valued fields. Then considering the importance of algebraic elements of prime degree in the extensions of valued fields, we concentrate on such elements. In particular, for α∈K ̃ of prime degree over K, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the maximum of the corresponding set M(α,K) by using the minimal polynomial of α over K. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Amalgamated duplication of some special rings along an ideal
E. TavasoliLet be a commutative Noetherian ring and let I be a proper ideal of . D’Anna and Fontana in [6] introduced a new construction of ring, named amalgamated duplication of along I. In this paper by considering the ring homomorphism , it is shown that if , then , also MoreLet be a commutative Noetherian ring and let I be a proper ideal of . D’Anna and Fontana in [6] introduced a new construction of ring, named amalgamated duplication of along I. In this paper by considering the ring homomorphism , it is shown that if , then , also it is proved that if , then there exists such that . Using this result it is shown that if is generically Cohen-Macaulay (resp. generically Gorenstein) and is generically maximal Cohen-Macaulay (resp. a generically canonical module), then is generically Cohen-Macaulay (resp. generically Gorenstein). We also defined the notion of generically quasi-Gorenstein ring and we investigate when is generically quasi-Gorenstein. In addition, it is shown that is approximately Cohen-Macaulay if and only if R is approximately Cohen-Macaulay, provided some special conditions. Finally it is shown that if R is approximately Gorenstein, then is approximately Gorenstein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Brand extension feedback: The role of advertising(Case Study: tabarok Companyproducts)
hadis ebrahimi Malihe JavaniThe present study is a practical research from purpose view and is a descriptive-survey one from methodological perspective. The statistical population of this study includes consumers of Tabarrok Company in the city of Isfahan. A sample of 384 consumers has been select MoreThe present study is a practical research from purpose view and is a descriptive-survey one from methodological perspective. The statistical population of this study includes consumers of Tabarrok Company in the city of Isfahan. A sample of 384 consumers has been selected from this population through random sampling method. In order to collect the research data, a standardized questionnaire has been used. The validity of the questionnaire has been examined and confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability has been measured through Cronbachs’ Alpha Coefficient. The coefficient was 0.88 for our questionnaire by which reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. The hypotheses have been tested through both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in the SPSS and AMOS. The results of this study revealed that the firth, second, and third hypotheses (the effect of brand image and loyalty on the brand extension and the effect of brand extension on the brand loyalty) were rejected and other five hypotheses (the effect of brand image on the brand loyalty, the effect of brand awareness on the brand image and brand expansion, the effect of commercial advertisements on the brand image and brand loyalty) were supported. Another part of the results of this study indicated that the path coefficient of the first hypothesis (the effect of brand image on the brand loyalty) was 0.596. The coefficient was more than other coefficients. On the other hand, the path coefficient of the eighth hypothesis (the effect of brand loyalty on the brand expansion) was -0.624 which is less than other coefficients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of Brand Extension Strategy on Brand Image on FMCG and Services Sectors
H. Vazifehdust M. HaririBrand-extension strategies enhance success chances of new products, even though they expose brand image to dilution risks. The present work analyzes how brand-extension evaluation can affect the current brand image and test a theoretical model formed by five main factor MoreBrand-extension strategies enhance success chances of new products, even though they expose brand image to dilution risks. The present work analyzes how brand-extension evaluation can affect the current brand image and test a theoretical model formed by five main factors related to brand associations, extension congruency and extension attitude. The model tested by path analysis using data from 391 surveys developed under market conditions. The results verify that extension attitude influences brand image, whereas initial brand associations and perceived fit between the new product and either the remaining products (category fit) or the brand image (image fit) are able to strengthen consumer attitude. The study also explains the initial image is the significant factor which influences final image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Studying Effective Elements in Brand Equity From the Consumer's Perspective (Based on Aaker's Model)
M. Mohamadian R. ShafihaIn last two decades, Brand Equity from the views of businessmen and marketing researcher's take into consideration an important concept. Brand building requires many investments and manufacturers know that their brand is the source of power that can be ga MoreIn last two decades, Brand Equity from the views of businessmen and marketing researcher's take into consideration an important concept. Brand building requires many investments and manufacturers know that their brand is the source of power that can be gained in the market. Despite the researches done on the present issue, there is a lack of sufficient survey research. This research is conducted to study brand equity based on Aaker's model. The key question in this research is as follows: What are the main elements of Brand Equity from a customer's viewpoint, and how important is this in determining the customer's final assessment of brand equity. The results of this research show that loyalty has the most direct influence on brand equity and other elements, such as perceived quality, brand awareness and brand association, indirectly influence brand equity through loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluating the Influence of Consumers' Perceived Corporate Image on Brand Extensions
B. Kheiry N. NobandeganiThe paper presented here provides a new perspective in the study of brand extensions in the service and goods sectors, which has become a popular strategy for launching new products. Specifically, the paper proposes and estimates a model that shows how po MoreThe paper presented here provides a new perspective in the study of brand extensions in the service and goods sectors, which has become a popular strategy for launching new products. Specifically, the paper proposes and estimates a model that shows how potential consumers evaluate product extensions. Consumers’ attitude and evaluation regards eight new products, two real brands in bank service and two real brands in FMCG sectors, by using a questionnaire method of data gathering. The findings show that the corporate image affects both the perceived product quality and the perceived fit between the new product and the parent brand, which in turn affects attitudes towards the extension. Moreover, perceived product quality affects the perceived fit between the new product and the parent brand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Brand Extension Feedback: The Role of Advertising (Case Study: Tabarrok Company Products)
H. Ebrahimi M. Bagheri GalehSalimiThe companies usually use brand extension as a path to introduce their new products in the markets. Brand extension may pave the ground for entering new areas of market through producing and offering different products under existing brand and thereby decrease risks of MoreThe companies usually use brand extension as a path to introduce their new products in the markets. Brand extension may pave the ground for entering new areas of market through producing and offering different products under existing brand and thereby decrease risks of perceived image of new product. The purpose of this study is to investigate the customers’ evaluation from familiar brand extension and the role of commercial advertisements in its success. The present study is a practical research from purpose view and is a descriptive-survey one from methodological perspective. The statistical population of this study includes consumers of Tabarrok Company in the city of Isfahan. A sample of 384 consumers has been selected from this population through random sampling method. In order to collect the research data, a standardized questionnaire has been used. The validity of the questionnaire has been examined and confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability has been measured through Cronbachs’ Alpha Coefficient. The coefficient was 0.88 for our questionnaire by which reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. The hypotheses have been tested through both descriptive statistics (including frequencies, percentages, cumulative percentages, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (including T-test, analysis of variance, Colmogorv-Smirinov, and Freedman test) in the SPSS and AMOS. The results of this study revealed that the firth, second, and third hypotheses (the effect of brand image and loyalty on the brand extension and the effect of brand extension on the brand loyalty) were rejected and other five hypotheses (the effect of brand image on the brand loyalty, the effect of brand awareness on the brand image and brand expansion, the effect of commercial advertisements on the brand image and brand loyalty) were supported. Another part of the results of this study indicated that the path coefficient of the first hypothesis (the effect of brand image on the brand loyalty) was 0.596. The coefficient was more than other coefficients. On the other hand, the path coefficient of the eighth hypothesis (the effect of brand loyalty on the brand expansion) was -0.624 which is less than other coefficients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Factors Influencing Rural Women Participation in Agricultural Extension Programs, Case Study Mazandaran, Iran
Sh. Soltani A. Ahmadpour S. Feali -
Open Access Article
16 - Determining Research, Education, and Extension Requirements for Application of the Precision Agricultural System in Iran
M. Omidi- Najafabadi S. Bahramnejad -
Open Access Article
17 - Analysis of the Role of Agricultural Extension on Conservation of Agricultural Water Resources: A qualitative study in the Kermanshah county
maryam shirkhani reza movahedi Musa Aazami Hamid BalaliThe purpose of this study was to analyze the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources in the Mahidasht Plain of Kermanshah County, Iran. A qualitative study was adopted with a conventional content analysis approach. The purposive sa MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources in the Mahidasht Plain of Kermanshah County, Iran. A qualitative study was adopted with a conventional content analysis approach. The purposive sampling method was conducted using snowball method. Data collection was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with four groups of key informants, including managers, experts, researchers, and university lecturers from 10 organizations related to agricultural water resources (N=51). Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA-10 software concurrently with data collection. Also content analysis of documents related to the research subject was conducted. 347 primary codes, 5 main categories, and 11 sub- categories emerged as the results of qualitative content analysis process. These categories as the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources, include: Improving cultural and social situation including, making culture for optimal consumption of resources (39 codes), increasing participation (29 codes), and creating employment opportunities (22 codes); improving economic situation of stakeholders including, increasing agricultural production and productivity (26 codes) and increasing income (24 codes); improving policy-making including, agricultural development (28 codes) and water resources policies (37 codes); improving organizational and institutional interactions between agricultural extension and research organizations and universities (33 codes) and the Non-governmental and private organization (28 codes); and modifying behaviors toward exploitation of fundamental production resources (42 codes) and unsustainable production practices (28 codes). These key roles for agricultural extension is essential to help solving the water crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Identifing Managers’ Mental Patterns to Psychological Empowerment of Agricultural Extension Staff: Application of Q-method
ahmad basami seyed ahmadreza Pishbin Amir Alambeigi Seyed Mahmoud HoseiniCurrent mixed method research which used the Q-method to examine and explain agricultural extension managers’ Mental patterns regarding psychological empowerment of employees. The main idea Q-method is identify Mental thoughts hinking, opinions, attitudes, and be MoreCurrent mixed method research which used the Q-method to examine and explain agricultural extension managers’ Mental patterns regarding psychological empowerment of employees. The main idea Q-method is identify Mental thoughts hinking, opinions, attitudes, and beliefs of people about the phenomenon under examination. The participants (N=12) included Agricultural Extension managers that were selected through purposive sampling. To collect data, some deep interviews were administered .Given the appraisal and summarization of concourse, 60 short statements were selected as Q phrases and after a survey of experts, 41 Q samples were selected. Gathered information was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using VARIMAX rotation. Semantic analysis showed that 4 distinct subjective patterns in psychological empowerment of agricultural extension staff were distinced by participants which could account for 81.49 percent of total variance. These 4 subjective pattern were called as “conductive Mental of context factors empowering ", “conductive Mental of environments factors empowering” “conductive Mental of structural factors empowering” and “conductive Mental of Individual Factors empowering”. The importance and priority of the identified factors were determined based on subjective patterns. By interpreting each of these patterns, suggestions were made to implement them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A model for outsourcing decisions of agricultural extension services in Golestan province
Maryam Naimi Kurosh Roosta Mohammadsharif Sharifzadeh Asadollah Zamanipour Reza BaradaranThe current research has been done with the aim of investigating the process of outsourcing decisions and providing a model for decision-making regarding the outsourcing of agricultural extension services. This research is of a qualitative type and has been done using t MoreThe current research has been done with the aim of investigating the process of outsourcing decisions and providing a model for decision-making regarding the outsourcing of agricultural extension services. This research is of a qualitative type and has been done using the grounded theory method. Data collection has been done using semi-structured in-depth interview. The statistical population of the research included academic experts, agricultural Jihad experts and non-governmental sector experts, 30 people were selected and examined using the purposeful sampling method and snowball technique. The process of collecting information continued until the level of theoretical saturation and the threshold of usefulness of available information. Based on the core classified codes (20 categories), the major issues of outsourcing include: development and expansion of IT, weakness and inefficiency of government promotion, strengthening of the non-governmental/private sector, demand-oriented production work, expansion of the pluralist promotion system, knowledge management of users and farmers, investing in agriculture, implementing incentive-support policies, decentralizing extension activities, strengthening interactions between farmers, scientific centers and research centers, identifying supply capacities, reforming the management structure, getting feedback from the types of services provided and using it in planning , risk management, commercialization of agriculture, organizational agility of promotion, coverage level of services in rural areas, productivity and food security, efficiency of the potentials and capacity of the non-governmental sector, readiness for competitiveness in the global market have been compiled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - What should we do to make extension training a learning organization?A mixed approach in rural cooperatives of Alborz province
ELAHE KIANI AZADEH noorollah noorivandi ahmadreza ommaniThe purpose of this research is to identify strategies for adapting extension trainings of rural cooperatives in Alborz province to the learning organization. This study was conducted based on mixed paradigm and using qualitative and quantitative methods. To collect dat MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify strategies for adapting extension trainings of rural cooperatives in Alborz province to the learning organization. This study was conducted based on mixed paradigm and using qualitative and quantitative methods. To collect data, face-to-face interview and brainstorming techniques were used in the qualitative part, and questionnaires were used in the quantitative part. The research participants in the qualitative part included 30 experts from rural cooperative companies using the snowball sampling method until the theoretical saturation of the data and in the quantitative part, 379 people were members of rural cooperatives. To identify the strategies of aligning the extension training with the learning organization strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities from the dimensions of shared vision, personal mastery, mental models, team learning and systems thinking in the form of three stages of open , axial and selective coding were identified. After identifying the internal and external factors, they were measured among the members of the cooperatives. Based on the results, the position of the cooperatives was placed in the third quarter, and the appropriate strategies for adapting the extension training to the learning organization, competitive strategies were determined. Using the quantitative strategic planning matrix, were prioritized, and action plane were presented to realize the desired strategies using brainstorming techniques and interviews. The planners of extension trainings of rural cooperatives can provide the necessary conditions for adapting the mentioned trainings to the functions of the learning organization, according to the strategies and action plane identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigation and analysis of the most important challenges of the relationship between Agricultural research and Agricultural extension in Hamadan province
heshmatollah saadi mahbobeh ataei fatemeh habibi karim i naderi mahdie fatemeh ali tavakolithe lack of effective communication between agricultural extension and the research department is an important obstacle in the success of Agri. extension. The present study was conducted to investigate and analyze the main causes of the challenge of the relationship bet Morethe lack of effective communication between agricultural extension and the research department is an important obstacle in the success of Agri. extension. The present study was conducted to investigate and analyze the main causes of the challenge of the relationship between Agri. research and Agri. Extension from the perspective of experts and specialists in these two important areas in agricultural development. the statistical population is experts of the research and extension department in Hamadan province (N = 267). 135 people were selected from the total population at random in two stages and their opinions were analyzed. The main research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and ordinal theta. Exploratory factor analysis has been used to find the main structures. Also, SmartPLS software was used to determine the factor share and Amos software was used to evaluate the model fit. Research results show There are four factors influencing the weak relationship betwin agri. research and Agri. Extension at the farm level. The emphasis on conscientiousness instead of institutionalism, Weakness of research needs assessment in the structure of agricultural research, Organizational pride, especially in the field of research and Weakness in organizational communication. Finally suggested: Agri. Extension and Agri research should pay attention to the effectiveness of activities and not just to the task. Second, These two organizations should stay away from the negative part of organizational pride so that they can communicate effectively with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Factors influencing sustainability of private extension services from the perspective of public sector experts in Zanjan and Qazvin provinces
Razieh Keshavarz Bahaghighat seyed mahmoud hosseini Seyed Jamal Hosseini Farhad LashgararaThis study examined the major effective factors on sustainability and continuity of private extension services from the perspective of public sector experts in Qazvin and Zanjan province based on the Structural Equation Modeling. The population of this study comprised p MoreThis study examined the major effective factors on sustainability and continuity of private extension services from the perspective of public sector experts in Qazvin and Zanjan province based on the Structural Equation Modeling. The population of this study comprised public sector experts who worked in Agricultural Extension Services Centers in Qazvin and Zanjan provinces (N=241). The study sample consisted of 148 public sector experts selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection. Validity was confirmed by face validity, convergent validity, and content validity and reliability was calculated using Composite Reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using Smart-PLS software based on Partial Least Squares approach. The findings showed that the infrastructure, education & extension, and economic factors had the most positive and significant effect on the sustainability and continuity of private extension activities from the perspective of public sector experts in Qazvin and Zanjan province, respectively. Due to the impact of the infrastructure factor, the organization of private extension network by the Agricultural Jihad Organization at first and the implementation of supportive policies to set up consulting start-ups such as information, education and culture to accept the culture of private promotion in the region, and accept A portion of the private promotion fee is offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Factors Affecting the Agricultural Knowledge and Information System from the Perspective of Extension Experts
mohsen mousaei Aazam NavidiaslOne of the primary and most important goals of the agricultural knowledge and information system is to focus on the welfare of stakeholders. This study investigates the factors affecting the agricultural knowledge and information system from the perspective of extension MoreOne of the primary and most important goals of the agricultural knowledge and information system is to focus on the welfare of stakeholders. This study investigates the factors affecting the agricultural knowledge and information system from the perspective of extension experts in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. In terms of the purpose of applied research and based on the nature of the research data, it is descriptive-survey research. The study's statistical population was the extension experts of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Agricultural Jihad Organization, which according to the report of this organization, is 260. Krejcie and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size. Based on this table, the sample size was estimated at 152 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for different parts of the questionnaire. Data were analysed by SPSS21 and Smart PLS software and various statistical tests. The results showed that leadership and management with a standard operating load of 0.621, manpower with a standard operating load of 0.569, planning with a high standard load of 0.365, Structural factors with a standard factor load of 0.353 have the most significant impact on the agricultural knowledge and information system of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Peri-urban agriculture and its effect on food security:Analysis of the viewpoint of Farmers in suburbs of Noorabad-e-Mamassani city
Marzieh Kiani Mostafa Ahmadvand Maryam SharifzadehToday, considerable interest in urban agriculture is being manifested by policy makers, government agencies and academics due to its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation in cities. Therefore, this research has evaluated the farmers’ viewpoints reg MoreToday, considerable interest in urban agriculture is being manifested by policy makers, government agencies and academics due to its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation in cities. Therefore, this research has evaluated the farmers’ viewpoints regarding peri-urban agriculture in Noorabad city with an emphasis on the dimensions of food security. The study population consisted of peri-urban farmers of Noorabad who had at least two hectares of cultivated land. Based on the sampling table of Bartlett and colleague, 123 people were selected and distributed randomly with proportional assignment. The findings showed that the studied farmers evaluated urban agriculture in improving the dimensions of effective food security, but the diversity of views was seen among them. Therefore, the studied farmers were classified into two groups (negative evaluator and positive evaluator) using cluster analysis. The findings also showed that these two groups have different attitudes toward urban agriculture. On the other hand, the results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the impact of urban agriculture on improving the dimensions of food security (availability, availability, utilization and stability) with the attitude towards urban agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analyzing extension- education methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector: a case study in Hamedan County
Mariam Yosefi Mohamadi Reza Movahedi Heshmatollah SaadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the extension methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector from the view points of the agricultural experts and farmers in Hamedan. The research was an applied research on the basis of the purpose, and it was a MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the extension methods about combating the drought in agricultural sector from the view points of the agricultural experts and farmers in Hamedan. The research was an applied research on the basis of the purpose, and it was a surveying study in terms of data gathering. Data were gathered through a questionnaire tool. The study population included both 8443 farmers and 135 agricultural experts from Hamedan County in 2020. Of those 367 farmers and 100 agricultural experts were selected by using Cochran's formula respectively. Validity of the questionnaire (face validity) was confirmed by the agricultural extension professors from Bu-Ali Sina University. To evaluate the reliability of the research instrument, Cronbach's alpha was used during a pre-test and it was 0.94 for the research' questions (extension education methods). The results showed that the most important extension methods to control drought which agreed with both farmers and experts were: training by local leaders, visiting demonstration farms, use advisory services. The results also showed that according to factor analysis of the farmers' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 groups including: extension and advisory services, transfer information by local communities, people and magazines, training with local leaders and councils, watching extension films and visiting extension agents. According to factor analysis of the experts' views, extension methods to combat drought can be summarized in 4 categories, which are: visit tours, using extension publications, using information networks, using cooperatives, village municipality and councils' capacities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Falahat Mozaffari, First scientific magazine in Iran
Omid MasoudifarThe Naseri period is the beginning of the arrival and development of new phenomena and techniques in Iran. The change of agricultural education and promotion in Iran started at the end of the Nasrid period. Falahat Mozafari magazine is the beginning of the promotion of MoreThe Naseri period is the beginning of the arrival and development of new phenomena and techniques in Iran. The change of agricultural education and promotion in Iran started at the end of the Nasrid period. Falahat Mozafari magazine is the beginning of the promotion of new agriculture and scientific journaling in Iran. The publication of this magazine started in August 1900 and its publisher is the Central Department of Agriculture under the head and director general of Agriculture(Fakhim Al-Sultaneh). This publication has chosen the promotional approach of using new agricultural methods instead of traditional agricultural methods in its 18 issues, which is reflected in its articles. For the first time, advertisements for the sale of new agricultural machinery can be seen in this magazineThe Naseri period is the beginning of the arrival and development of new phenomena and techniques in Iran. The change of agricultural education and promotion in Iran started at the end of the Nasrid period. Falahat Mozafari magazine is the beginning of the promotion of new agriculture and scientific journaling in Iran. The publication of this magazine started in August 1900 and its publisher is the Central Department of Agriculture under the head and director general of Agriculture(Fakhim Al-Sultaneh). This publication has chosen the promotional approach of using new agricultural methods instead of traditional agricultural methods in its 18 issues, which is reflected in its articles. For the first time, advertisements for the sale of new agricultural machinery can be seen in this magazine Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Analysis of educational-extension factors affecting the Formation of Apricot Value Chain in Mahneshan Township
marzieh Fazli Gholamreza Mojarradi Amir NaeimiABSTRACTToday, the agricultural extension and education system is a facilitator in the process of identifying needs, creating ideas, providing innovative plans for improving the quality of inputs, innovation in the production process of agricultural and livestock produc MoreABSTRACTToday, the agricultural extension and education system is a facilitator in the process of identifying needs, creating ideas, providing innovative plans for improving the quality of inputs, innovation in the production process of agricultural and livestock products, innovation in the process of processing, packaging, distribution, branding, innovation in insurance services, Finance and marketing have a significant impact. The aim of this study was to investigate the educational-extension factors affecting the formation of the apricot value chain in Mahneshan Township. Statistical population for this study consisted apricat orchard growers in the central part of Mahneshan city of Zanjan province (N = 1502). The sample size was determined to be 309 based on Krejcie and Morgan's table. Multi-stage sampling method was used to access the samples and complete the questionnaires. In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The findings showed that the use of educational and extension programs with a path coefficient of 0.65 had the most significant effect and the educational and extension services with a path coefficient of 0.20 had the least impact on the formation of the value chain. These variables explained 54% of the value chain variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting the use of digital promotion tools by farmers (a case study of Kohgilouye province and Boyer Ahmed)
mohsen mousaei Akbar ZakinegadThe purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize factors affecting the use of digital promotion tools by farmers. The research in terms of division based on the purpose is considred as a developmental research; In terms of classification based on the method o MoreThe purpose of this research was to identify and prioritize factors affecting the use of digital promotion tools by farmers. The research in terms of division based on the purpose is considred as a developmental research; In terms of classification based on the method of data collection can be categorized as a descriptive-survey research; And in terms of the type of data, it is a mixed qualitative and quantitative research.The statistical population of the research consists of professors, agricultural experts and leading farmers who have enough experience in the field of digital agriculture. The analysis method in the qualitative part is the Delphi method and in the quantitative part the analytic hierarchy prosses (AHP) is used to rank the known factors. The results in the qualitative part led to the identification of 6 main factors (economic, individual, educational-extensional, policy making, technical and motivational factors). The ranking results showed that individual factors with weight (0.267) in the first place, educational-promotional factors with weight (0.256) in second place, technical and technological factors with weight (0.187) in third place, motivational factor with weight (0.131) In the fourth place, policy making weight (0.093) is in the fifth place and economic factors with weight (0.065) is in the sixth place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Explain the Sustainable Management Extension Strategies of Zagros Oak Forest Basin
Davood Negahdari Alireza Poursaeed Roya Eshraghi Samani, mohamad bagher arayesh Behrooz NaseriCurrently, the protection and sustainable management of forest ecosystems in the Zagros vegetation area has always been the main concern of activists and officials in this area. On the other hand, the agricultural Extension as an interdisciplinary science examines the p MoreCurrently, the protection and sustainable management of forest ecosystems in the Zagros vegetation area has always been the main concern of activists and officials in this area. On the other hand, the agricultural Extension as an interdisciplinary science examines the phenomenon of decline of Zagros oak forests from a sociological and psychological perspective, as well as from an agricultural and rural perspective, and offers strategies that maintain the sustainability of natural resources while maintaining livelihoods. Also elevate. the present study aimed to Explain the Sustainable Management Extension Strategies of Zagros Oak Forest by using SWOT method. In this regard, internal and external factors were collected through in-depth interviews with 30 scientific and executive experts in the provinces of Zagros basin in the form of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Additionally, they were identified through line-by-line analysis in the form of common content and using MAXqda12 software analysis. In the next step, the internal and external factors questionnaire was adjusted and and the weight factor of each factor was calculated and the identified strategies were prioritized based on the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix.Considering the results in the internal and external factor evaluation matrix for the sustainable management of forests in the basin, as well as the dominance of weaknesses in the external factor evaluation matrix and threats in the internal, defensive pattern was more prioritized for managing the forests sustainably compared to the other strategic patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the Effective Factors on Reducing the Effects of Drought on Corn Cultivation with Extension Education Solutions (Case Study: Azadi Village in Andimeshk County)
رضا موحدی Masomeh SadeghiThe present research was conducted in order to investigate the effective factors on reducing the effects of drought in corn cultivation and to provide extensional-educational solutions in Azadi village (of Andimshek county). The statistical population was formed by all MoreThe present research was conducted in order to investigate the effective factors on reducing the effects of drought in corn cultivation and to provide extensional-educational solutions in Azadi village (of Andimshek county). The statistical population was formed by all the corn growers of Azadi district in the crop year of 2021-2022, which were equal to 600 people. The sampling method was random and the samples were selected from among the people of the society in a simple random manner. To determine the sample size due to the limited statistical population, the Karjesi-Morgan formula was used, and according to the Karjesi-Morgan table, 237 people were selected. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire Data analysis using software SPSS Ver. 26 was done. The results of the T test showed that there is a significant difference at the level of 95% between farmers' knowledge and awareness (technical knowledge), human factors, management factors, economic factors, extensional-educational strategies and farmers' attitude towards reducing damage caused by drought with mean average of the population. They can minimize the damage caused by drought. Based on the structural model (PLS), the technical knowledge of corn farmers, management factors and educational-promotional strategies had the greatest effect on reducing the damage caused by drought, so that the value of the path coefficient for them was equal to 0.378, 0.359 and 314. Also, the path coefficient of human factors and economic factors were equal to 0.142 and 0.129, respectively, which had less effect on reducing the effects of drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - An Analysis of Customer-based Brand Equity in the Field of Agricultural Extension and Education: Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach
Mehrdad NiknamiThis study aimed to determine the criteria, sub-criteria, and priorities of brand equity (BE) in the agricultural extension and education (AEAE) field at Islamic Azad University. Prioritization and weighting of the BE alternatives of the AEAE field were performed by the MoreThis study aimed to determine the criteria, sub-criteria, and priorities of brand equity (BE) in the agricultural extension and education (AEAE) field at Islamic Azad University. Prioritization and weighting of the BE alternatives of the AEAE field were performed by the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) approaches. Given the fact that we targeted customer-based brand equity (CBBE), 28 Ph.D. students with higher knowledge and understanding in the field of AEAE were selected from the Islamic Azad University of Iran using purposive sampling. A questionnaire based on the 1-9 Saati scale was considered our main research tool. The outputs of the sub-criteria priorities based on the weights derived from the Expert Choice and Super Decision software were used to compare the results obtained from the AHP and ANP approaches for the BE in the AEAE field. The results of this study can be utilized by managers and marketers of higher education in the field of agriculture and specifically in (AEAE). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Farmers’ Perceptions and Effective Factors to Accept Privatization of Livestock Extension Services
Seyednematollah Mousavi Alireza MoghaddasiThe weak performance of the public extension system, and the financial crisis have caused many countries to seriously think about the privatization of agricultural extension. The aim of this study was to investigate dairy farmers' attitudes toward privatization of exten MoreThe weak performance of the public extension system, and the financial crisis have caused many countries to seriously think about the privatization of agricultural extension. The aim of this study was to investigate dairy farmers' attitudes toward privatization of extension services. Sampling was stratified random sample with probability proportionate to the number of 300 was determined based on Cochran formula. To achieve this, the Logit model is used. In this research, the establishment and extension of educational services by public organizations is the highest priority from the perspective of farmers and private promotion We also showed better results in the government and in support of the action is in progress. The study of the relationship between personal qualities tend to privatize extension services with farmers indicate that farmers variables such as age, education, income, use of new technologies, the main occupation of livestock, extension services and the need to tend to promote promoting the privatization of a significant relationship exists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Identifying the Economic and Educational-Extension Activities Affecting Cultivated Area of Medicinal Plants: A Comparison of the Weighting Methods of Entropy and Fuzzy Triangular in Delphi Technique
S.Ali Noorhosseini Esmaeil Fallahi Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Sepideh Gholinezhad Somayeh MajlesiThis study aimed to identify economic and educational-extension factors affecting the cultivated area of medicinal plants in Guilan Province using entropy and fuzzy triangular weighting methods in the Delphi technique. The research findings confirmed the substantial rol MoreThis study aimed to identify economic and educational-extension factors affecting the cultivated area of medicinal plants in Guilan Province using entropy and fuzzy triangular weighting methods in the Delphi technique. The research findings confirmed the substantial role of economic and educational factors in the development of cultivated area of medicinal plants. The results showed that training through field visits, particularly visits to out-of-state, identifying and emphasizing on cultivation of medicinal plants that have medicinal effects are tangible, training through visual, audio, and text media in the cultivation of medicinal plants, providing low-cost credit to cultivate medicinal plants, training through the establishment of a model farm for medicinal plants and attending the multi-day extension - educational classes with an emphasis on the cultivation of these plants, are respectively the most important economic and extension activities affecting the development of cultivated area of medicinal plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Factor Analysis of the Effective Factors on Extension and Development of Agricultural Biotechnology Commercialization from Researchers of Research Centers Perspective
Vahideh Birjandi S. mahmoud Hosseini Mohammad Chizari Iraj Malek MohammadiAgricultural biotechnology has an important role in food security, biodiversity protection, decreasing of Agriculture's environmental effects, decreasing of changing climate's effects, eliminating of poverty and hunger. Although, research institutes must commercialize t MoreAgricultural biotechnology has an important role in food security, biodiversity protection, decreasing of Agriculture's environmental effects, decreasing of changing climate's effects, eliminating of poverty and hunger. Although, research institutes must commercialize their new biotechnology's research findings via collaborating with industry, and convert to profitable products for markets, most of them just publishing in scientific journals and aren’t usable for consumers. So, the major purpose of this study was to identify and sort the effective factors on extension and development of agricultural biotechnology commercialization from researchers of research centers perspective. The sample size for the study was 170 biotechnology researchers engaged in governmental agricultural research institutions of Iran and data collected by using a questionnaire. The results of exploratory factor analysis in SPSSWin16 were shown that 53.42% of the variance in the extension and development of agricultural biotechnology commercialization could be explained by five factors including infrastructure, policy, economic, extension-information, and education-human resources Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Analyze the Factors Affecting Labor Productivity in Producing Grapes (Case Study: Grape Growers Doshman Zeyari Region of Mamasani Township, Fars Province, Iran)
Mostafa Teimoori Seyed Rooholah MousaviThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting labor productivity in producing grapes in Doshman Zeyari Region of Mamasani Township, Fars Province, Iran. The Statistical population this study were grape growers in the year 1394-1395(2015-2016) who were se MoreThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting labor productivity in producing grapes in Doshman Zeyari Region of Mamasani Township, Fars Province, Iran. The Statistical population this study were grape growers in the year 1394-1395(2015-2016) who were selected 140 samples by Using Cochran Formula. Sampling done by stratified random. The analysis was done by using a multiple regression model.The results indicated that the level of education of read and write and primary, farm size, membership in cooperative, participating in training extension programs, visiting of Vineyards by extension men and household head residing in a highly developed village had positive and statistically effect on labor productivity. Variables such as level of education of high school Diploma, experience, Total assets of grape grower had negative and statistically significant effect on labor productivity.The results of this research suggest that enlargement of the size of farm, extension and training program and farm visits by extension men be encouraged and facilitated by the authorities and policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Develop a Comprehensive Model for Organizing Agricultural Extension with a Chaos Theory Approach
Marziyeh Bordbar faezeh hashemi Seyed Mahmood Hosseini Mohammad ChizariThis survey aimed to study comprehensive model of organizing agricultural extensions with the approach of chaos theory. This is the first attempt on improving agricultural extension in Iran using the chaos theory. The target population was the agricultural specialists o MoreThis survey aimed to study comprehensive model of organizing agricultural extensions with the approach of chaos theory. This is the first attempt on improving agricultural extension in Iran using the chaos theory. The target population was the agricultural specialists of Jihad organizations in Fars province of Iran. 186 agricultural specialists were selected using a whole number method. A questionnaire was developed using fixed - choice questions. The validity of the instrument was established using an expert panel. A pilot study was conducted to determine the reliability of the questionnaire used for the study. The Cronbach’s alpha, Average variance extracted and Composite Reliability were calculated, and all were approved. The statistical analysis applied the structural equation modeling, with SPSS ver.16 and smart PLS software. From the results, the chaos theory together with its indicators explained 37% variance for extension agents, 22% variance for extension and educational activities, 31% variance for management and organizational extension, 21% variance for extension and educational infrastructure, 18% variance for mass media education, 11% variance for extension credit, and 22% variance for extension communications. Obviously, the most explained variances were those for the extension agents and management and organizational extension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Factors Influencing on Agricultural Knowledge and Information System view of Extension Experts in Golestan Province
Reza DinpanahThe aim of this study was to study influencing factors on agricultural knowledge and information system. The methodological approach of this study was descriptive- correlative. The research population consisted of 110 extension experts, which all them was census. Validi MoreThe aim of this study was to study influencing factors on agricultural knowledge and information system. The methodological approach of this study was descriptive- correlative. The research population consisted of 110 extension experts, which all them was census. Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members and research committee advisors. Also a pilot test was conducted to determine the reliability of the survey instrument. In this test, the mentioned questionnaires were given to 30 expert which were similar to statistical society in regional, economic, cultural and social conditions. Reliability analysis was conducted by using and Cronbach alpha formula and result was 0.85. The results showed that factors of interactions improvement of extension- education, extension- farmers, extension- research, extension-private companies, extension- agricultural organization, education- research, education- farmers and research- farmers with agricultural knowledge and information system had been relationship of positive and significant. The results of the multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) revealed that the factors of interactions improvement extension- research and education- farmers explained a variation of 38.9% of the agricultural knowledge and information system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Role of Extension and Economic Factors in the Success and Continuation of Activities of the Plant Medical Clinics In South of Tehran Province
Mohammad Badsar Maghsud Shahi jajan Esmail karamidehkordiThe current study aimed to analyze the role of economic and extension factors affecting the success and continuation of activities of plant clinics in the south of Tehran province. The population of study was the farmers in the south of Tehran province (N = 13222). The MoreThe current study aimed to analyze the role of economic and extension factors affecting the success and continuation of activities of plant clinics in the south of Tehran province. The population of study was the farmers in the south of Tehran province (N = 13222). The sample size of 209 was chosen by Bartlett et al., (2001) among which 191 of them was useable. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the data analysis was performed utilizing SPSs20 and AMOS20 softwares. The descriptive result showed that 73.3 % of respondents evaluated the continuation of activities and 50.3% the success of plant medical clinics in a moderate level. Also the result indicated that the variables of information resources, participation in extension workshops and economic factors had a positive and significant effect on the success and continuation of activities of plat medical clinics in the south of Tehran province. In addition, the result of testing the mediation effect of plant clinics success showed that the indirect effect of information resources, participation in extension workshops and economic factors through the plant medical clinics success on continuation of activities of these clinics was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Identification of the Competencies Required for Urban Agriculture Extension Agents from the Perspective of Agricultural Extension Experts of Zanjan Province
Kolsoum Hamidi Jafar YaghoubUrban agriculture as the new strategy in the process of urban sustainable development and extension is one of the mechanisms of its development. Using efficient and capable manpower is essential for urban agricultural extension. The purpose of this study was to identify MoreUrban agriculture as the new strategy in the process of urban sustainable development and extension is one of the mechanisms of its development. Using efficient and capable manpower is essential for urban agricultural extension. The purpose of this study was to identify the competencies required for urban agriculture extension agents. Descriptive-survey method was used in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of academic experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (0.90). Extension agents in Zanjan province formed the population of the study (N=168) and samples were selected using stratified random sampling (n=91). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the competencies required for urban agriculture extension agents were summarized in seven factors including: extension and education planning skills, Innovative and entrepreneurial responsibility, capabilities in ICT and educational technology and urban communication skills, high legal- administrative knowledge, experience and knowledge in education and adult learning, positive attitude to urban agriculture with up to date experience and knowledge and scientific ethics worthy. These factors explained 76.91% of the total variance. Result of F test showed that the views of experts on the first and sixth factor were significant, but the rest were not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Study the Relationship between Philosophical Mindset with Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Commitment among the Department of Extension and Rural Development of College of Agriculture in Tabriz University
Ali ImanzadehThe main purpose of this research was to study the relationship of philosophical mindset of students with knowledge sharing and their organizational commitment among the department of Extension and Rural Development of college of Agricultural students in Tabriz Universi MoreThe main purpose of this research was to study the relationship of philosophical mindset of students with knowledge sharing and their organizational commitment among the department of Extension and Rural Development of college of Agricultural students in Tabriz University. Research method Was Descriptive-correlational and scrolling technique and questionnaire tool was used for gathering data, The statistical population included 143 students that all of them were selected as the sample based on the census sampling method. The tool for collecting data is three standard questionnaires: the Smith’s Philosophical Mindset, Wang and Wang Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire, and the Allen and Meyer organizational commitment. The reliability of the instrument was also evaluated through a preliminary test and evaluation of the Cronbach's alpha value. The questionnaire was examined and its value for different parts of the questionnaire was higher than α = 0.72, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire. The study findings showed that there is a direct and significant positive relationship between philosophical mindset (and its dimensions) with knowledge sharing, knowledge sharing (and its dimensions) with organizational commitment, and philosophical mindset (and its dimensions) and with commitment. No significant difference was observed between male and female students in terms of philosophical mindset. The study findings indicated that there is a significant difference between male and female students in terms of organizational commitment, as female students are more committed than males. The results revealed that mean scores of philosophical mindset, knowledge sharing, and organizational commitment for students participated in this study were higher than the average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Structural analysis of the role of effective components on the empowerment of rural entrepreneurs in Hamadan province with emphasis on the role of educational-terrorist components
Ali Safaei Shakib hasan Reyhani Hamedani Aniseh Dehvari Mohammad HazeriThe purpose of this study is structural analysis of the role of components affecting the empowerment of rural entrepreneurs in Hamadan province with emphasis on the role of educational-terrorist components. To achieve this goal, a navigation technique was used. The stat MoreThe purpose of this study is structural analysis of the role of components affecting the empowerment of rural entrepreneurs in Hamadan province with emphasis on the role of educational-terrorist components. To achieve this goal, a navigation technique was used. The statistical population of the study included rural entrepreneurs in Hamedan province who were selected using simple random sampling method and the required information was collected using a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, SPSSWin22 and Amos Graphics software’s were used. According to the research findings in the inferential section and the structural model of the entrepreneurial family status subscales, the level of knowledge and education and the amount of access to production inputs had the greatest impact on the ability of the studied entrepreneurs. According to these coefficients, the lowest impact is related to psychological variables and the highest impact is related to educational variables. Accordingly, it is recommended that the relevant organizations, especially in the field of agricultural extension and education, identify the leading entrepreneurs and local leaders and use their knowledge in compliance with natural conditions to transfer it to entrepreneurs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Relation between Knowledge Sharing and Innovation among the Department of Extension and Rural Development Students at the College of Agriculture in Tabriz University
Ali ImanzadehKnowledge sharing as one of the aspects of knowledge management can be the most important factors for success in the changing environment of today's complex, especially in knowledge-based organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between kn MoreKnowledge sharing as one of the aspects of knowledge management can be the most important factors for success in the changing environment of today's complex, especially in knowledge-based organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between knowledge sharing and innovation among the department of Extension and Rural Development of college of Agriculture in Tabriz University. it is an applied research and in terms of data collection is correlation survey. According to Morgan table, the sample of this study is 80 students of department of Extension and Rural Development of college of Agriculture and data have been collected by Dixon knowledge sharing model and innovation standardized questionnaires and data were analyzed by software spss18. Statistical Methods such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistics, Friedman test and Pearson's correlation coefficient and One-way analysis of variance)ANOVA( was used. The results show that the between sharing of knowledge and innovation in general and its variables such as ordinal knowledge sharing, sharing of explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge sharing, sharing of strategic knowledge and sharing expertise with innovation is a significant positive relationship. The sharing of knowledge among students of faculty of Agriculture is high, the level of ttendency to innovation is higher. Approaches such as the development of electronic systems, exchange of knowledge and experience by meetings and conferences, documentation of knowledge and experiences is strategies to improve knowledge and sharing of knowledge in of tabriz university faculty of Agriculture students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Analyzing Wheat Farmers’ Behavior Regarding Water Management in the Orzuiyeh County based on the Theory of Social Cognition
Leyla Sharafipoor Mostafa AhmadvandThe present study was conducted to analyze wheat farmers’ behavior regarding water use and conservation in the Orzuiyeh County based on the theory of Social Cognition. The statistical population of the research was 1350 wheat farmers in the central district of the MoreThe present study was conducted to analyze wheat farmers’ behavior regarding water use and conservation in the Orzuiyeh County based on the theory of Social Cognition. The statistical population of the research was 1350 wheat farmers in the central district of the Orzuiyeh County that 135 of them were selected by using Bartlett et al. table of sample size. They were randomly selected. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on social cognition theory whose face validity was confirmed by a panel of academic and performance experts. The reliability was also determined by conducting a study and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.58-0.86). The results of correlation analysis of the study variables showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all the constructs of the theory (social structure factors, expectation of outcome, understanding of others behavior, self-efficacy and behavioral intention) and farmers' water management behavior. The results of multiple regression showed that the constructs of the theory predict a total of 36% of the variations of the management behavior of wheat farmers. In addition, the variables of understanding the behavior of others, self-efficacy and behavioral intention had significant influence on wheat farmers’ behavior of water use in the county. At the end, implications of the study for changing farmers’ behavior of water use are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Barriers of Urban Agriculture Development from Perspective of Agricultural Extension Experts in Zanjan Province, Iran
Kolsoum Hamidi Jafar YaghoubiIn the last century, the growth of urban population, rural population decline and the loss of agricultural lands have caused many problems in these communities. Doing agricultural activities within and around the city is rather new subject that its development leads to MoreIn the last century, the growth of urban population, rural population decline and the loss of agricultural lands have caused many problems in these communities. Doing agricultural activities within and around the city is rather new subject that its development leads to increase urban sustainability. The purpose of this study was identifying factors preventing the development of agricultural activities in the cities and around them. Descriptive survey method was used in this research. A questionnaire used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of faculty member and related experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (α =0.93). Agricultural extension experts in Zanjan province formed the population of this study (N=168) and 91 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. Based on exploratory factor analysis, the most important obstacles to the development of urban agriculture was summarized in six factors including: lack of legal, financial and educational support, weakness in the agricultural knowledge and expertise and lack of training course, prevalence of pests and diseases and bothering pet animals, lack of relationship between agriculture-related institutions and citizens, lack of suitable land and water for agriculture in city, and tend to apartment building. These factors explained 65.76 percent of the total variance of barriers to urban agriculture development Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Barriers to Effective Use of Virtual Social Networks in Agricultural Extension and Education
Vahid Mohammadi Jafar Yaghoubi Ali Shams Soheil NosratiThe purpose of the study was to investigate the barriers of effective use of virtual social networks in agricultural extension and education activities of Agricultural Jihad Organization of Zanjan province. The instrument for collecting data of this descriptive-correlat MoreThe purpose of the study was to investigate the barriers of effective use of virtual social networks in agricultural extension and education activities of Agricultural Jihad Organization of Zanjan province. The instrument for collecting data of this descriptive-correlation study was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of academic experts. Pre-test and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficients were used to measure the reliability (α = 0/87- 0/94). Agricultural experts in Agricultural Jihad Organization of Zanjan province in 2018 formed the population of the study (N=346) and samples were selected using stratified random sampling (n=105). Results of confirmatory factor analysis of barriers to effective use of virtual social networks in agricultural extension and education activities has been summarized in nine factors including: Low relevant and correct agricultural information with low security, administrative and social insecurity and lack of culture of the educational use of social networks, farmer's limited use of virtual social networks, negative organizational and managerial norms in using virtual social networks, financial and legal barriers in organization, inconsistent information and lack of local information, lack of professional and adequate knowledge of experts and outside computers. These factors explained 72.54% of the total variance. Due to considerable amount of useful time that experts and farmers allocated to virtual social networks, it is recommended that to plan for this optimal and useful application of this capacity agricultural extension and education activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Monitoring land subsidence due to geological and water resources factors using Differential Radar Interferometry method (Case Study: Arak city)
Mahmood AkbariThe prohibition of the entire area of the plains of the Markazi province and the impossibility of a new water withdrawal and occurrence of subsidence has caused the importance of monitoring of subsidence. On the other hand, the Differential Interferometry SAR (D-InSAR) MoreThe prohibition of the entire area of the plains of the Markazi province and the impossibility of a new water withdrawal and occurrence of subsidence has caused the importance of monitoring of subsidence. On the other hand, the Differential Interferometry SAR (D-InSAR) is an efficient way to continuously, accurately and in a wide range monitor land subsidence. In this research, the D-InSAR method was used in the study of land subsidence in Arak city. 14 single-look complex images were obtained in the range of C-Band by EOLi-sa software. Ten processing steps were done by the SARscape software based on the four interferograms which had both the time and space criteria. On the other hand, the National Cartography Center has repeated the observations of the first-class network of the country for the city of Arak, located on the BHBT route (Borujerd-Salafchegan) in 1985 and 2004 and it measured 190mm ± 0.8mm / km of subsidence in 19 years. Based on four geocoded reflated unwrapped interferograms, the subsidence rate was calculated about one centimeter at year, for the central regions of Arak (around the Shohada Square of Arak). The urban areas had also almost identical subsidence rate. Therefore, the results of validation of the D-InSAR method using the observations of the National Cartography Center confirmed appropriate accuracy of the D-InSAR method. The results of this study showed the impact of geological and water resources factors on subsidence and the necessity of protecting water and soil resources in development projects in Arak city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Check the Factors Affecting the Extent of Flood Zoning Using the Geographic Information System of the Karun River in the Area of Zaras Castle to Jafarabad
Amirhossein Asadian Shahab EmamzadehBackground and Aim: In this study, the flood zoning in the Karun River in the area between Zaras Castle and Jafarabad has been determined. For this purpose, using the topographic map and satellite images, the exact course of the river was determined and the initial proc MoreBackground and Aim: In this study, the flood zoning in the Karun River in the area between Zaras Castle and Jafarabad has been determined. For this purpose, using the topographic map and satellite images, the exact course of the river was determined and the initial processing was done on its information. Then flood zoning was obtained with return periods of 500 years, 200 years, 100 years, 50 years, 25 years, 10 years, 2 years.Methods: In this research, flood zoning of Karun river, which is one of the main and permanent rivers of Khuzestan province. was investigated in the area from Zaras Castle to Jafar Abad. The aim of the current research is to zonate the risk of flooding occurrence and identify the villages at risk of flooding, through the preparation of the river boundary map for the return period of 500 years, 200 years, 100 years, 50 years, 25 years, 10 years, 2 years in the Karun river using the Hec-RAS model in the ARC-GIS environment. In this research, the discharges of this river are based on the probability of its occurrence using Johnson sb statistical distribution was calculated.Findings: In this research, in addition to calculating flood depth and flow velocity parameters, factors such as shear stress and flow strength for different return periods were calculated and investigate. Shear stress and flow strength are effective parameters in the flood risk, so it is important to investigate them.Results: In this research, flood inundation risk zoning was done and the villages at risk of flooding were identified by preparing a map of the River boundary for the return period of 500 years, 200 years, 100 years, 50 years, 25 years, 10 years, 2 years, and Discharges of this river were calculated based on the probability of its occurrence using the statistical distribution of Johnson sb. Among the 10 villages located along the Karun river, Jafarabad villages, Hasht Lak Kanaar, Zaras Qala, Lali New Road bridge are the most vulnerable areas, which regardless of the rules of construction and non-observance of the river boundary are built in its main bed. Factors such as the change of land use and the transformation of floodplains into agricultural and garden lands, disregarding the river boundary and encroaching on the floodplain of the river have increased the potential of flood risk and as a result the villages are more vulnerable, especially in the flood zone with a return period of 500 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - To Assess the Impact of Extension and Education Classes of Plant Clinics on Sustainable Urban Landscape in Tehran Municipality (Case of Study of 17th and 18th Regions)
Sedighe Sarvari S.Jamal Farajolah Hosseini Sahar DehyouriUrban population is growing rapidly and also its requirements are growing fast. This problem needs further attention on sustainability urban landscape. Citizen’s participation and gradual cultural change considered among the best methods for developing and conserv MoreUrban population is growing rapidly and also its requirements are growing fast. This problem needs further attention on sustainability urban landscape. Citizen’s participation and gradual cultural change considered among the best methods for developing and conserving the urban landscape. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of extension and education classes of plant clinics on sustainable urban landscape in Tehran Municipality. The research type was applied and descriptive, casual / correlative methods were used. The population of study was 280 persons who attended the educational classes of plant clinics in 17th and 18th regions of Tehran Municipality. The data was collected by questionnaire and was analyzed by using SPSS win software. The results of study showed that there was meaningful relationship between sustainability of urban landscape as dependent variable and awareness about benefit of landscape, attending educational classes, educational level, interest about plants and flower and attitude about flower and plant as independent variables. The results of regression analysis indicated that attitude about plants and flower determined 19% of sustainability of urban landscape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - New Arithmetic Operations on Developed Parabolic Fuzzy Numbers and Its Application
F. Abbasi -
Open Access Article
50 - Extention environmental ethics with an emphasis on lifestyle changes
bahman khosravipour AMENEH SAVARIMOMBENIBackground and Objective: Today, the environmental crisis has become a serious issue and one of the most challenging issues. Because the important and long-term consequences of human activity on the environment are increasing more rapidly. Accordingly, theorists believe MoreBackground and Objective: Today, the environmental crisis has become a serious issue and one of the most challenging issues. Because the important and long-term consequences of human activity on the environment are increasing more rapidly. Accordingly, theorists believe that all the environmental problems caused by human activities, they will not be solved by the mere use of technology, and changes in human behavior are required. This study aims to review, analyze and explain Extension their environmental ethics.Method: This research, in a review and analytical way, was looking for appropriate ethical behavior in relation to the environment, which collected information using library resources and internet sites.Results: According to research findings, many environmental issues today are directly or indirectly the result of everyday human behavior. Many believe that the solution to the environmental crisis must change human behavior and lifestyle changes searched for him on the ground. Hence, changing lifestyles as a driving force for Extension environmental awareness using patterns and behaviors. Instead of destroying the environment, humans can play an important role in reducing and controlling environmental problems and problems by adjusting their needs and adapting their lifestyles to existing constraints.Conclusion: In this regard, extention training can spur the sense of trustworthiness and accountability of people so that they can play a more effective role in protecting the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Pathology of Specialist journals in Political Sciences and International Relations in Iran: Barriers and Solutions
reza delavariThe present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the current status of specialized journals of political science and international relations and understanding the status of these journals and identifying the variety and frequency of injuries and vacancies in MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the current status of specialized journals of political science and international relations and understanding the status of these journals and identifying the variety and frequency of injuries and vacancies in this field. In this paper, the content analysis method was investigated and The pathology of more than 177 specialized journals, including scholarly scholarly, scholarly and scholarly specialist in the field of political science and international relations and related fields including law, management, history, sociology, geography and philosophy.Some research results show that The dependence of scientific journals on the basis of publisher organizations, the multiplicity of professions and the formal nature of posts and faculty members and editorial staff, the quantitative growth of journals and the loss of quality in terms of content and content, a small number of specialized journals in other languages, the lack of appropriate ISI journals for The publication of political science articles, the lack of a tradition of critique of the articles published in the specialized journals of political science and international relations, and .... are among the most serious injuries in the specialized journals of political science and international relations in Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Hafez's‘self-mutilation’
roohollah mozafariSelf-harm, in Persian grammar, from syntax point of view, is a combination that has the structure of the source, and its use in Persian, is related to the contemporary period and our times. From the point of view of literary array, it is considered an ironic combination MoreSelf-harm, in Persian grammar, from syntax point of view, is a combination that has the structure of the source, and its use in Persian, is related to the contemporary period and our times. From the point of view of literary array, it is considered an ironic combination and because it is new, it has not been addressed in any of the Persian language cultures. Among the great poets of Persian poetry, except Hafez, no one uses this original array at the level of stylistic features. Because according to a common proverb, in the Persian language he says, no grocer will say that my yogurt is sour. But Hafez uses this array in a multi-layered way, in condemning his claimants. Hafez, like the greats of Persian literature, is a social reformer. The term society is what is today called the commitment or mission of the poet. The dialect of Hafez, from the point of view of structure and meaning, is very artistic, cooked and pleasant, and it has wounds and fat.He splits the filthy cultural discourse into the bite of pen and thought, so that he may put an ointment on them. One of the great pollutions of Hafez period is hypocrisy and hypocrisy. The hypocrisy of the Shari'a, the Tariqah, and Sufism, the scholars and the rulers, is not something that any reformer can easily ignore; Therefore, Hafez is superior to everyone in presiding over and burning hypocrisy. He, who is the memorizer of the Qur'an. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Psychological empowerment as an Antecedent of positive organizational behaviors of agricultural extension experts: A Utilization of mixed method research
ahmad Basami Fatemeh Ertiaei seyed ahmadreza Pishbin Amir Alambeigi Seyed Mahmoud HoseiniThis research was conducted in a mixed method, in order to promote the positive organizational behaviors of agricultural extension experts through psychological empowerment. In the qualitative section, interviews were conducted with 16 experts of agricultural extension, MoreThis research was conducted in a mixed method, in order to promote the positive organizational behaviors of agricultural extension experts through psychological empowerment. In the qualitative section, interviews were conducted with 16 experts of agricultural extension, using purposive sampling method. By analyzing the content of the interviews, using MAXQDA12 software, indices of psychological empowerment including Meaning, Competency, Impact, Choice, Trust and positive organizational behaviors including sharing job experience behavior, Innovative career behavior, behavior related to maintenance and development of professional values, behavior of improving quality of agricultural extension Services, behavior of improving agricultural extension agility, and behavior of improving Public trust in agricultural extension were derived in the form of a conceptual model. In the quantitative section, the statistical population of the study consisted of experts of agricultural extension in the whole country in 1397, among which 192 experts of agricultural extension were selected by stratified sampling method. The data collection instrument was a researcher's developed questionnaire of psychological empowerment and positive organizational behaviors. Finally, data analysis was done by SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed that psychological empowerment has role in promoting positive organizational behaviors. In general, the psychological empowerment explains 48.8% of the changes in positive organizational behavior of agricultural extension experts. The value of Q2 was 0.180 for positive organizational behavior construct, which supports the suitability of prediction model for the endogenous structure of positive organizational behavior of agricultural extension experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Obstacles and Problems of Agriculture Extension Traning Courses from Farmers Points of View Participating in the Extension Traning Courses Dezful City
mohsen nazarzadehzareh Kamal Durrani Masoud Gholam Ali LavasaniThe overall goal of this study is to review obstacles and problems of agriculture extension raining. courses from farmers' the point of view of participating in the in 2010 in Dezful. This study relied upon a descriptive methodology, using survey as the instrument. The MoreThe overall goal of this study is to review obstacles and problems of agriculture extension raining. courses from farmers' the point of view of participating in the in 2010 in Dezful. This study relied upon a descriptive methodology, using survey as the instrument. The statistical population in this study consisted of 5060 (N=5060) farmers. Out of this number, a sample of 466 (n=466) people were selected based on the stratified random sampling procedure. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire the validity of which had been calculated by the supervising and consultant extension experts after a pre-test confirming a Cronbach alpha coefficient 0.85. For the purpose of data analysis using statistical methods T-independent, KMO coefficient, factor analysis. The findings of this study using the KMO coefficient and factor analysis indicate that these courses with problems and obstacles such as lack of time-fitness in courses with time conditions of farmers, lack of appropriate content presented in courses with vocational training needs of farmers, inadequate employment of versed and experienced extension workers about updated agricultural issues, inadequate usage of instructional and assistant equipment by extension workers, lack of access to educational content courses in the form of informational means such as instructional pamphlets and CDs, lack of on time delivery of information to the farmers in the field courses, other research findings indicate a significant difference (P ≤0.05) the obstacles and problems (time and place-content and motivate) from farmers' living in cities and rural areas the point of view. Also was not observed the significant difference between farmers' living in cities and rural areas the point of view with the obstacles and advocates teaching methods courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Using finite difference method for solving linear two-point fuzzy boundary value problems based on extension principle
Seyed Majid Alavi -
Open Access Article
56 - Domination Number of Nagata Extension Ring
Abbas Shariatinia -
Open Access Article
57 - The study of the long-term methods of speech in Fereidun Moshiri's poetry
Zeinab BagheriDespite the fact that the new poem claims to have released itself from many of the clauses that prolong the classical poetry .But has not yet been able to be independent of expansion of speech. The characteristic of contemporary poetic, illustration with nice descriptio MoreDespite the fact that the new poem claims to have released itself from many of the clauses that prolong the classical poetry .But has not yet been able to be independent of expansion of speech. The characteristic of contemporary poetic, illustration with nice descriptions, repetitions, bringing literary synonyms, interpreting and explaining words, bringing sentences and ... Inevitably, has made contemporary poetry expanded. The writer has tried in this article in a descriptive-analytical way, to pay to the expansion of the word of poetry of Fereidoun Moshiri a contemporary poet from the perspective of the science of meanings. And discusses the issues of prolixity in his poem. The results show. The greatest excuse is to describe the tendency to create a sentiment in the audience .This case has been made his poetry verbose more than the others. Another reason for prolonging the word is repetition of words and sentences among the poems that this feature has dramatically extended its speech. The other footprint of verbalism is clearly in his poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Providing a model for the development of individual and organizational creativity Based on the role of social network tie and organizational commitment of agricultural extension experts in Isfahan province
Parvin Hajiagha Amir Alambaigi Seyed Ahmadreza Pishbin Sara JalilianContext: Looking at the complexity of community change, organizations in the near future will only be able to survive when they are able to take advantage of their capabilities, commitment, and manpower at all levels of the organization. Aim: Therefore, in this research MoreContext: Looking at the complexity of community change, organizations in the near future will only be able to survive when they are able to take advantage of their capabilities, commitment, and manpower at all levels of the organization. Aim: Therefore, in this research, the aim was to investigate the effect of social network tie and organizational commitment in organizational development Agricultural Extension Experts on the incidence of individual and organizational creative behavior with the presence of the component of organizational commitment in Isfahan province. Method: The statistical population of this research were 170 people from agricultural extension experts of Agriculture Jihad in Isfahan province. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire with Likert's five-point option and for determining the validity of the face validity method, with the opinion of the professors as well as the validity of the construct. In order to measure the reliability of the research instrument, the reliability of the combination (CR) and also the Cronbach's alpha method were used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for individual creativity dimension (0.827), organizational creativity (0.937), organizational commitment (0.719) and social network tie (0.871) was calculated. In this research, the information obtained from the questionnaire in the descriptive section was analyzed using software and then in the inferential part by structural equation modeling (SEM) using SMART PLS software. Result: The results show that the relationship between social network tie and organizational commitment on individual and organizational creativity was positive and meaningful. It was also found that providing a model for the development of individual and organizational creativity based on the effect of social network tie on the mediating variable of organizational commitment with a coefficient of 0.153 on individual creativity and a coefficient of 0.236 on organizational excellence that has an indirect effect in the society under study. Therefore, it can be said that the social network tie with organizational commitment has a positive and significant relationship, due to organizational commitment, has a positive effect on the incidence of creative behavior in the studied population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The Effective Management and Professional Factors on Farmers Satisfaction of Agricultural Engineering Services Companies (With the Service Marketing Approach)
Mojtaba Ziaeemehr Fatemeh Panahi Shaghaeigh Kheiri -
Open Access Article
60 - Uncertainty analysis based on Zadeh’s extension principle
Ghiyam Eslami -
Open Access Article
61 - Assigning Natural Children to the Parents in Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
asalan veysi ehsan zarrokhAccording to Iranian law, rights of the natural child can not be attributed to parents. Shiite jurisprudence doesn’t assign natural children to their parents too. In this respect, the civil law and legal doctrine are discussed. The main reasons of the mattress are tra MoreAccording to Iranian law, rights of the natural child can not be attributed to parents. Shiite jurisprudence doesn’t assign natural children to their parents too. In this respect, the civil law and legal doctrine are discussed. The main reasons of the mattress are tradition and consensus. The reasons are not without difficulty. In this regard, opponents consider the nature and reality of customary lineage that is the abstract and foreign origin and the necessity of justice have the opposite opinion. Many lawyers' rule contained in Article 1167 of the Civil Code with regard to the majority of jurists have interpreted to deny parentage. However, other measures may reduce the strength of this view. Iranian lawmakers seem to not fully comply with the majority of jurists. The legislator attributed natural child to the parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - A review of recent developments in the use of cyanobacteria and microalgae in improving the quality and increasing the shelf life of seafood products
Mahshid Alibabai Amir-Eghbal Khajeh-Rahimi Bahareh NowruziFood products spoil very quickly due to microbial, chemical, and enzymatic reactions that are the main cause of rapid quality deterioration. Nowadays, there is increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods with natural preservatives such as microalgae extracts. Micr MoreFood products spoil very quickly due to microbial, chemical, and enzymatic reactions that are the main cause of rapid quality deterioration. Nowadays, there is increasing consumer demand for high-quality foods with natural preservatives such as microalgae extracts. Microalgae are potential alternatives to reduce microbial growth, increase oxidative stability, and protect the sensory characteristics of foods. Researchers showed that the use of microalgae extracts in the diet of aquatic animals can increase meat quality and production. In this review article, the direct application of various microalgae extracts as seafood preservatives and their functional properties in seafood, such as: (antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) are investigated. In addition, the potential application of microalgae extracts in the composition of foods and their effect on the quality of foods are also presented. The result of reviewing many articles showed that despite the many advantages of microalgae, there are still many challenges in the production and use of microalgae biomass or its derivatives in the food industry, hence the safety assessment and the use of ideal concentrations for studies. Future studies are still necessary to determine the optimal concentration for the large-scale use of microalgae extracts in industry and seafood, to develop effective strategies or to prevent the occurrence of food product spoilage, as well as to increase the welfare of consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Contact between Persian and Turkish Azeri Languages and its Impact on the Composition of Azeri Compound Sentences.
Abdolhossein HeydariThe present study intends to study the syntactic changes resulting from the influence of Persian language on the Azerbaijani-Turkish compound sentences. The data were collected from authentic Turkish-Azerbaijani language sources and linguistic interactions of Azerbaijan MoreThe present study intends to study the syntactic changes resulting from the influence of Persian language on the Azerbaijani-Turkish compound sentences. The data were collected from authentic Turkish-Azerbaijani language sources and linguistic interactions of Azerbaijani-Turkish speakers in the central regions of Ardabil province (n = 30). Data analysis showed that non-verbal borrowing and Persian language articles have caused Azerbaijani-Turkish speakers to substitute their own language for two or more syntactic structures, patterns corresponding to similar and corresponding structures in Persian (right-sided complementary, analytical causative, syllable clause depending on initial article). Then, they have been selected and applied. The syntactic changes resulting from the influence of Persian language on Azerbaijani-Turkish are not unfamiliar to the language, but all of these syntactic constructions exist in Azerbaijani-Turkish, and their frequency of use has only increased with the use of allocation and extension strategies. The resulting syntactic changes, often for practical reasons, have been made in order to converge the Azerbaijani-Turkish language with the Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Impact of Agricultural Credit and Farmer Trainings on Small Holder Dairy Production in Southern Region in Sri Lanka
P.H.G.J. De Silva A.L. Sandika -
Open Access Article
65 - ارزیابی پرورش بوقلمون در مناطق روستایی ایالت کوارا، نیجریه
O.J. Amao K.L. Ayorinde T.R. Fayeyeبرای به دست آوردن اطلاعات از 132 پرورش دهنده بوقلمون به صورت تصادفی و در دو منطقه از مناطق چهارگانه توسعه کشاورزی در ایالت کاوارا در نیجریه، از روش ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (PRAT) استفاده شد. اطلاعات مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی و شغلی پرورش دهندگان، اهداف تولید آنها، تجربه، س Moreبرای به دست آوردن اطلاعات از 132 پرورش دهنده بوقلمون به صورت تصادفی و در دو منطقه از مناطق چهارگانه توسعه کشاورزی در ایالت کاوارا در نیجریه، از روش ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی (PRAT) استفاده شد. اطلاعات مربوط به وضعیت اجتماعی و شغلی پرورش دهندگان، اهداف تولید آنها، تجربه، ساختار گله، شیوههای مدیریت، بازاریابی و مصرف تخم بوقلمون به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد پرورش دهندگان مرد (27/52 درصد) از زنان بیشتر است. متوسط سن کشاورزان 6/52 سال بود که مسیحی یا مسلمان بودند (18/43 درصد در مقابل 82/56 درصد). بسیاری از پرورش دهندگان باسواد بودند و تنها به نژاد محلی برای تولید متکی بودند. متوسط اندازه گله 13 پرنده در هر پرورش دهنده بود. رنگ پرهای مشاهده شده، سیاه و سفید، سفید و بنفش کمرنگ بود. بیش از 90 درصد از پرندگان در سیستم باز و یا در یک سیستم نیمه متراکم با استفاده از ضایعات مواد غذایی موجود و دانهها نگهداری میشدند. نرخ متوسط جفتگیری 66/1:1 بود. پرندگان به طور عمده برای وزن بدن انتخاب میشدند، در حالیکه بیشتر فروش بوقلمون در کریسمس (15/65 درصد) رخ میدهد. حدود 79 درصد از پرورش دهندگان تخم بوقلمونهای قابل جوجهکشی را برای دوست داشتن طعم و مزه آن مصرف میکردند و یا به دلیل اینکه پرنده توانایی جوجهکشی تمام تخمها را در یک بار ندارد. نتایج نشان میدهد که پرورش بوقلمون هنوز هم با ضعف اصلاح نژاد، تغذیه، جایگاه نگهداری و بازاریابی مواجه است. بهبود پرورش بوقلمون نیازمند خدمات توسعه عمومی بهتر است. همچنین معرفی بوقلمون محلی یا دورگه شده با نژادهای با پتانسیل ژنتیکی بالاتر ضروری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - اثر ترکیبات نور و مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور تکمیلی بر خصوصیات رشد رویشی و گلدهی بنفشه (Viola × wittrockiana Rose)
آزاده رشیدی علی تهرانی فر حسین نعمتیهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر ترکیبات مختلف نور و مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل بر نحوه رشد رویشی و زایشی بنفشه (Viola × wittrockiana Rose) بود. این پژوهش با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و دو عامل مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل (شب ش Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر ترکیبات مختلف نور و مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل بر نحوه رشد رویشی و زایشی بنفشه (Viola × wittrockiana Rose) بود. این پژوهش با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و دو عامل مقطع زمانی کاربرد نور مکمل (شب شکنی و انتهای روز) و ترکیبات متفاوت نور شامل نسبتهای مختلف نور آبی (طیف 467 نانومتر) و قرمز (625 نانومتر) به همراه نور لامپ پرفشار سدیم به عنوان شاهد انجام گرفت. تیمار ترکیبات نور (شدت 65 میکرومول بر متر مربع بر ثانیه) شامل 100٪ قرمز، 15٪ آبی: 85٪ قرمز، 30٪ آبی:70٪ قرمز و پرفشار سدیم بود. نتایج نشان داد که گیاهان با کاربرد ترکیب نوری 15٪ آبی: 85٪ قرمز بیشترین وزن تر و خشک برگسار (06/2 گرم و 23/0 گرم)، قطر ساقه (42/1 میلیمتر)، سطح برگ (72/44 سانتیمتر مربع)، تعداد برگ (5/16) و با کاربرد نور قرمز بیشترین وزن تر و خشک ریشه (63/1گرم و 39/0گرم) و بیشترین ارتفاع (17/6 سانتیمتر) را داشتند. نتایج بیانگر اثر معنیدار برهمکنش مقطع زمانی بکارگیری نور مکمل و ترکیبات نور بر محتویات کلروفیلa، کلروفیلb، کلروفیل کل، کارتنویید و زمان گلدهی بود. کاربرد ترکیب نوری 15٪ آبی: 85٪ قرمز به صورت شبشکنی منجر به بیشترین محتویات کلروفیل a (86/0میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه)، کلروفیلb (52/0 میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه) و کلروفیل کل (51/1 میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه) شد. بیشترین محتویات کارتنویید (69/0 میلیگرم در گرم وزن تازه) با کاربرد ترکیب نوری 30٪ آبی: 70٪ قرمز به صورت شبشکنی و کوتاهترین زمان گلدهی (56 روز بعد از کاشت بذر) با کاربرد ترکیب نوری30% آبی: 70% قرمز به صورت شبشکنی و بدون اختلاف معنیدار با کاربرد این ترکیب نوری در انتهای روز بدست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Assessment of the use of Rural Radio as an Agricultural Information Dissemination Tool among Rural Farmers in Dekina Local Government of Kogi State, Nigeria.
Adejo P. E. Adejo O. Ahmed A. Bello D -
Open Access Article
68 - Assessing Organizational and Personnel Structure in Iranian Agricultural Extension System
Saeid Fealy Nahavand Gholamreza Pezeshki Rad Hassan Sadighi Esmaeil Shahbazi Seyed Javad Ghoraishi Abhari -
Open Access Article
69 - Analysis of Farmers’ Feedback on Agricultural Development Project’s (ADP’S) Performances in Kogi State, Nigeria
Adejo Grace Saliu J. Adejo P. Emmanuel -
Open Access Article
70 - The Effect of Broadcast Digitalization on Agricultural Information Dissemination in Nigeria.
Akinbode Okunola -
Open Access Article
71 - Analysis of Factors That Motivate Agricultural Extension Agents in Abia State Agricultural Development Programme (ADP)
Joy Arisa Kelechi Osondu -
Open Access Article
72 - Perceived Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Methods Used to Disseminate Improved Technologies to Rice Farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria
Tijani Abdulhamid Ahmed Rashid Solagberun Adisa -
Open Access Article
73 - Effect of Services and Facilities of Tobacco Companies Ion Tobacco Crop in Malakand Division, Pakistan
Faheem Khan Bilal Ahmad Badar Siddiqui Nowshad Khan -
Open Access Article
74 - Training Needs of Agricultural Extension Agents in Delta State, Nigeria
Ajieh P. C Ulakpa J. E -
Open Access Article
75 - Analysis of Farm Management Extension Services Performed by Extension Agents of Agricultural Development Projects in Southwest Nigeria
Rashid Adisa Mudashir Mustapha Kayode Balogun Hussein Ibrahim Waliyat Oloyede -
Open Access Article
76 - Smallholder Farmers’ Participation in Agricultural Training and Demonstration in Ethiopia: Implications for Inclusive Targeting by Agricultural Extension Services
Muluken Wordofa Maria Sassi -
Open Access Article
77 - Farmers’ Perception of Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Agents in Anambra State, Nigeria
Hyacinth Nwalieji Nneamaka Nnabueze -
Open Access Article
78 - Communication Behaviour of Farmers with the Agricultural Extension Agents Using Cell Phone: A Case of Bangladesh
Mohammad Rahman Mohammed Uddin Md. Khan -
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79 - Opportunities for Facebook to Improve Knowledge Transfer to Farmers and Enhance Agricultural Extension
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80 - Barriers to Privatization of Agricultural Extension in Khuzestan Province, Iran
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81 - Structural Model of Job Satisfaction in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Staff Based on Herzberg Motivational Theory
Jamshid Abdi Sahar Dehyour Azita Zand Masoumeh Arfaee -
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82 - Extension Workers’ Attitude towards e-Agriculture: A case study from Bangladesh
Mohammad Sarker Asif Kaiser Md. Abdul Miah -
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83 - Impact of COVID19 on Sudan Agriculture: The Role of Agricultural Extension During the Pandemic Era
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84 - Agricultural Extension Needs of Frontline Extension Workers under a Pluralistic Advisory System: Case of Zimbabwe Agricultural Growth Programme.
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85 - Theoretical Model Development for Agricultural Extension in Iran’s Resistive Economy
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86 - Information and Communication Technology Training Needs for Agricultural Extension Workers in Delta State, Nigeria
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87 - Participatory Evaluation and Pre-Extension Demonstration of Improved Finger Millet Varieties with Its Full Package in Selected Districts of Debub Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
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88 - Awareness of Food Nutritive Value and Eating Behaviors Among Peri-Urban Vegetable Farmers: Implications for Extension Services and Rural Education
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89 - Evaluation of Agricultural Research, Extension and Farmers Linkages: A case study from Gezira State Sudan
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90 - Borich Needs Assessment Model for Assessing Rice Post-harvest Value Addition Training Needs of Agricultural Extension Agents, Southern Region, Sierra Leone
Philip Kamanda Masa Motaung Ernest Okorley -
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91 - Safety in Agricultural Extension and Development in Cross River State
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92 - Comparative Analysis of the Status of Agricultural Cooperative Extension Training in Compliance with The Learning Organization in Iran
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93 - Analyzing Rural People's Attitudes to Traditional Methods of Retaliation in Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Between Nomads and Villagers and The Required Cultural Extension and Education
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94 - Investigating the Role of Personalized Digital Extension Services on Agricultural Performance (A Case Study of Farmers in Fars Province)
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95 - Factors affecting lead farmers in facilitating conservation agriculture practices in Kalira Extension Planning Area in Ntchisi District, Malawi
Daniel Matemba Dalo Njera -
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96 - Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by Agricultural Extension Workers in Niger State, Nigeria
S.I Umar U.S Mohammed S Jibrin R. K Usman H Sallawu M. H Usman -
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97 - Accuracy of Extension Professionals’ and Farmers’ Perceptions regarding Privatization and Commercialization of Agricultural Extension Services
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98 - Inter and Intra-Organizational Communication: The Facilitation Approaches to Strengthen and Sustain Rural Development Management in Portugal
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99 - Econometric Analysis of Access to Agricultural Extension Workers’ Service and its Implication on Crop Yield in Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Berihun Kassa Hailu -
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100 - Curricula Importance in Enhancing the Capabilities of Agriculture Extension Agents at the Field
Muhammad Israr Nafees Ahmad Dawood Jan Tahir Ali Shah M. M. Shafi Noshad Khan -
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101 - Enhancing Farmer Productive Capacity: Case of Action Research Based Conservation Agriculture
Christopher Tafara Gadzirayi Never Mafuse Vincent Munyati -
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102 - An Assessment of Farmers` Awareness on Extension Services in Nigeria: The Case of Farming Households in Kano State
Hassan Ibrahim Zhou Jing Li Min -
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103 - Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Compliance of Extension Personnel Inimo State Agricultural Extension Service Delivery System of Nigeria
Ibezim G. M. C Osondu C. K -
Open Access Article
104 - Role of Agricultural Extension Courses in Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture (Case Study: Wheat Farmers of Shoushtar Township)
Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi -
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105 - Willingness and Capacity to Pay for Extension Services by Poultry Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Hussaini Yusuf Ibrahim Gloria Okoi Dennis Ernest Ogezi -
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106 - Assessment of Awareness and Adaptation to Climate Change among Rainfed Farmers in Um Alqora Locality, Gezira State, Sudan
Ahmed M. Abdel Rahman Mohamed E. Hamid -
Open Access Article
107 - Exploring the Roles of Agricultural Extension in Promoting Food Security in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Abdu-Raheem Kamal Adekunle -
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108 - Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception regarding Privatization and Commercialization of Agricultural Extension Services in Delta State, Nigeria
Ajieh Patrick Chuks -
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109 - Attitude of Wheat Farmers in Dezful Township Regarding Extension of Waste Reduction in Production Process
Mahdi Attar Roshan -
Open Access Article
110 - Challenges to Soil Erosion Control Measures among Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria: Implications for Extension Policy
Eze S.O Mbah E.N -
Open Access Article
111 - رابطه میان عوامل آموزشی-ترویجی و روان شناختی با مشارکت اعضاء تعاونی های کشاورزی (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان شیروان چرداول، ایلام)
محمد باقر آرایشسابقه 40 ساله تعاونی های تولید کشاورزی در ایران نشان می دهد که این نوع نظام بهره­برداری در این مدت با فراز و نشیب­هایی مواجه بوده است. به گونه­ای که با وجود حمایت­های دولتی، بخش تعاون، آن گونه که شایسته بوده ، نتوانسته است نقش اساسی در توسعه کشور ایفا نم Moreسابقه 40 ساله تعاونی های تولید کشاورزی در ایران نشان می دهد که این نوع نظام بهره­برداری در این مدت با فراز و نشیب­هایی مواجه بوده است. به گونه­ای که با وجود حمایت­های دولتی، بخش تعاون، آن گونه که شایسته بوده ، نتوانسته است نقش اساسی در توسعه کشور ایفا نماید و عمدتاً سهم آن در برنامه­های توسعه از 3 درصد تجاوز نکرده است. هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر بررسی رابطه میان عوامل آموزشی- ترویجی و روان شناسی با مشارکت اعضاء تعاونی­های کشاورزی شهرستان شیروان چرداول بود. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده­ها یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی ظاهری و محتوایی آن با نظر جمعی از خبرگان تعاونی­ها تأیید گردید. پایایی ابزار تحقیق نیز با محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ ( 80/.) تایید گردید. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل 751 نفر از اعضاء فعال تعاونی­های کشاورزی شهرستان شیروان چرداول بود که تعداد 260 نفر از آنان به کمک روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای انتخاب شدند. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که رابطه معنی­داری بین عوامل آموزشی - ترویجی و روان شناسی با متغیر مشارکت اعضاء تعاونی­های کشاورزی وجود داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - بررسی ادراک به نژادگران نسبت به مزایا و معایب به کارگیری به نژادی مشارکتی در ایران
امیر نعیمی مصطفی کرباسیون فاطمه عباسیهدف این پژوهش بررسی مزایا و معایب به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی بود. 76 به­نژادگر از بین 95 به­نژادگر موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح بذر و نهال کرج، به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه به عنوان ابزار تح Moreهدف این پژوهش بررسی مزایا و معایب به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی بود. 76 به­نژادگر از بین 95 به­نژادگر موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح بذر و نهال کرج، به عنوان نمونه مورد مطالعه به طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه به عنوان ابزار تحقیق گرد­آوری شده است. روایی ظاهری و محتویی پرسشنامه توسط پانلی از متخصصان ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی بازبینی و تایید شد. پایایی پرسشنامه بین 83/0 تا 92/0 بدست آمد. یافته­های توصیفی پژوهش نشان دادند که به­نژادگران ادراک مثبتی درخصوص به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی داشتند. نتایج آزمون همبستگی نشان می­دهد که همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری در سطح خطای یک درصد بین سطح آشنایی با به­نژادی مشارکتی، مزایا و ادراک به­نژادگران نسبت به به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی وجود داشت. هم­چنین همبستگی منفی و معنی­داری در سطح خطای یک درصد بین معایب به­نژادی مشارکتی و ادراک به­نژادگران درخصوص بکارگیری آن وجود داشت. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیل رگرسیون به روش گام به گام نشان داد که دو متغیر مزایا و معایب به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی، در مجموع 58 درصد از تغییرات ادراک به­نژادگران درخصوص به­کارگیری به­نژادی مشارکتی را تبیین می­کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - بررسی تاثیر روشهای آموزشی و ترویجی بر بکارگیری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر توسط مرغداران استان سمنان
Mohsen Mohammadi Mohammad Sabouri Seyed Sadjad Seyed Sabouriهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر روش های آموزشی و ترویجی بر بکارگیری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر توسط کشاورزان استان سمنان بود. این تحقیق بر اساس روش کاربردی و از طریق توصیفی-همبستگی انجام شده است. جامعه اماری این تحقیق مرغداران استان سمنان بودند که به هر روشی از انرزی های ت Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر روش های آموزشی و ترویجی بر بکارگیری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر توسط کشاورزان استان سمنان بود. این تحقیق بر اساس روش کاربردی و از طریق توصیفی-همبستگی انجام شده است. جامعه اماری این تحقیق مرغداران استان سمنان بودند که به هر روشی از انرزی های تجدیدپذیر استفاده می نمودند که در نهایت 89 نفر مورد سنجش قرار گرفتند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه بود(29 سئوال اصلی و 108 سئوال مرتبط در طیف لیکرت). همچنین جهت دستیابی به اطلاعات از مصاحبه با کارشناسان و اساتید دانشگاه نیز استفاده شد. روایی پرسشنامه از طریق سنجش محتوی و پایایی آن از طریق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (از 0.801 تا 0.925) مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده رابطه معنی دار و قوی بین آموزش و ترویج و بکارگیری انرژی های تجدیدپذیر توسط کشاورزان وجود دارد. همچنین مهمترین منبع کسب اطلاعات و دانش از دیدگاه کشاورزان شرکت در دوره های آموزشی و ترویجی بود. همچنین بر اساس نتایج حاصله از معادله رگرسیون گام به گام عواملی شامل بازدید از مزارع نمونه، شرکت در دوره های آموزشی و ترویجی، تهیه و توزیع نشریات، برگزاری کارگاه های کشاورزی در مراکز ترویج و مراجعه کارشناسان به مرغداری ها، 78.5% واریانس متغیر وابسته تحقیق را تبیین می نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی مؤثر بر توسعه گیاهان دارویی در استان مرکزی
سید داود حاجی میررحیمیهدف تحقیق شناسایی عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی مؤثر بر توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی استان مرکزی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق مدیران، مروجین و کارشناسان ترویج استان مرکزی در سال 1393 بود(50=N) که به روش سرشمای جزء نمونه تحقیق قرار گرفتند(50=n). ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه­ای بود که Moreهدف تحقیق شناسایی عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی مؤثر بر توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی استان مرکزی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق مدیران، مروجین و کارشناسان ترویج استان مرکزی در سال 1393 بود(50=N) که به روش سرشمای جزء نمونه تحقیق قرار گرفتند(50=n). ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه­ای بود که اعتبار ظاهری و محتوایی آن از طریق پانل کارشناسان و متخصصان گیاهان دارویی و پایایی آن با اجرای آزمون کرونباخ آلفا تأیید شد(78/0). نتایج نشان داد که میزان تأثیر عوامل: «اطلاع­رسانی و آموزش مردم در زمینه مصرف گیاهان دارویی از طریق تلویزیون» و «آموزش پزشکان در زمینه فواید گیاهان دارویی» در توسعه این صنعت، بیش از سایر عوامل است. از طرفی، از میان هفت عامل اصلی تبیین­کننده واریانس عوامل توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی، سه عامل: «آموزش و ترویج گیاهان دارویی»(54/16Var.=)، «استاندار مهارتی و اطلاع­­رسانی رادیویی و تلویزیونی» (18/13Var.=) و «آموزش فنی و حرفه­ای»(48/11Var.=) در اولویت قرار دارند. همچنین، پنج متغیر «سطح تحصیلات» و «سابقه کار در بخش کشاورزی»، «وضعیت فعلی چشم­ انداز توسعه تجویز گیاهان دارویی توسط پزشکان»، «میزان استفاده فعلی از ظرفیت گیاهان دارویی استان» و «ارزیابی وضعیت فعلی چشم­انداز توسعه تولید گیاهان دارویی» در دیدگاه نمونه آماری در زمینه تأثیر برخی عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی بر توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی اختلاف معنی­ داری ایجاد کرده ­است. Manuscript profile -
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115 - Effect of Community-Based Paid Extension in Reducing Vulnerability of Smallholder Dairy Farmers of Southwest Bangladesh
Md. Ektear Uddin A K M Pervez Qijie Gao Md. Rahman Md. Islam -
Open Access Article
116 - نظام برتر ترویج باغداری پایدار در شهرستان ساری، ایران
امیر احمدپور Hadi Moumenihelaliیکی از مسائل عمده در عدم موفقیت برنامه­های توسعه پایدار کشاورزی به عدم شناخت کافی و جایگاه دست­اندرکاران ترویج، توسعه و همچنین سهم آنها در مباحث پایداری کشاورزی مربوط می­شود. بر این اساس هدف تحقیق، شناسایی نظام برتر ترویج است که در زمینه باغداری پایدا Moreیکی از مسائل عمده در عدم موفقیت برنامه­های توسعه پایدار کشاورزی به عدم شناخت کافی و جایگاه دست­اندرکاران ترویج، توسعه و همچنین سهم آنها در مباحث پایداری کشاورزی مربوط می­شود. بر این اساس هدف تحقیق، شناسایی نظام برتر ترویج است که در زمینه باغداری پایدار موفق تر عمل نموده است. جامعه آماری شامل22 باغدار پیشرو روستایی است که به طرق مختلف از کارشناسان ترویج در هر دو بخش دولتی و خصوصی، خدمات و/یا مشاوره دریافت کردهاند و یا دریافت می­کنند. بر اساس سرشماری 20 باغدار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. برای جمع آوری داده­ها از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. برای تعیین روایی ظاهری و محتوایی از نظرات متخصصان و برای سنجش پایایی از نرخ ناسازگاری استفاده گردید ) 03/0(IR=. بر اساس معیارهای پنج گانه پایدار، نظام ترویج دولتی به عنوان نظام برتر در راستای بهبود پایداری فعالیت­های باغداری در منطقه شناسایی شد. نتایج تحلیل سلسله­مراتبی بر اساس مقایسه زوجی و تلفیق وزن نسبی زیرمعیارها و گزیدارها حاکی از برتری نظام دولتی به­ویژه در ابعاد اکولوژیکی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی نسبت به نظام ترویج خصوصی بود. با توجه به نسبی بودن برتری فعالیت­های نظام ترویج دولتی نسبت به نظام خصوصی، پیشنهاد می­شود در حال حاضر نظام ترویج خصوصی در کنار نظام دولتی به عنوان یک نظام مکمل بکار گرفته شود تا، زمینه تفویض اختیارات و فعالیت­های بیشتر بخش خصوصی و در نهایت خصوصی سازی کامل فعالیت­های ترویج کشاورزی مهیا گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - استان خوزستان، ترویج کشاورزی، مدیریت دانش، نوآوری سازمانی
عبدالواحد کعبی کوروش روستااخیراً نوآوری به یکی از موضوعات بسیار مهم تبدیل شده است؛ چرا که مزیت رقابتی را برای حفظ سازمان­ها در محیط بر چالش فراهم می­کند. علاوه بر این، مدیریت دانش به عنوان تسهیل­گر مناسبی برای نوآوری در نظر گرفته شده است. این در حالی است که مطالعات اندکی به بررسی نقش Moreاخیراً نوآوری به یکی از موضوعات بسیار مهم تبدیل شده است؛ چرا که مزیت رقابتی را برای حفظ سازمان­ها در محیط بر چالش فراهم می­کند. علاوه بر این، مدیریت دانش به عنوان تسهیل­گر مناسبی برای نوآوری در نظر گرفته شده است. این در حالی است که مطالعات اندکی به بررسی نقش مدیریت منابع انسانی به منظور پرورش قابلیت­های دانش که منجر به بروز نوآوری در سازمان­ها می­شوند، پرداخته­اند. در این راستا، هدف این مطالعه بررسی نقش مؤلفه­های مدیریت دانش در نوآوری سازمانی در میان کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان خوزستان بود. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل تمام کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی در استان خوزستان به تعداد 328 نفر بودند. با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری بارتلت و همکاران (2001) تعداد 130 نفر از آن­ها به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها در این پژوهش پرسشنامه­ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. نتایج رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد که مؤلفه­های مدیریت دانش (خلق دانش، کسب دانش، ذخیرۀ دانش، تسهیم دانش و کاربرد دانش) تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر نوآوری سازمانی در میان کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی استان خوزستان داشتند. نتایج این مطالعه اهمیت مؤلفه­های مدیریت دانش را برای موفقیت در فرایندهای نوآوری در نظام ترویج کشاورزی آشکار کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - شناسایی استراتژیهای مناسب برای بهبود و توسعه نظام ترویج کشاورزی خصوصی: مورد مطالعه استان مازندران، ایران
امیر احمدپور فاطمه ابوالقاسمی هادی مؤمنی هلالیدر بسیاری از کشورها، خدمات ترویج کشاورزی خصوصی به عنوان عامل کلیدی در فرایند توسعه کشاورزی شناخته میشود. عدم توجه کافی به نظام ترویج کشاورزی خصوصی در ایران، علیرغم موفقیت نسبی آن، موجب شد تا موضوع بررسی و شناسایی راهبردهای مناسب به منظور بهبود و گسترش فعالیت این نظام م Moreدر بسیاری از کشورها، خدمات ترویج کشاورزی خصوصی به عنوان عامل کلیدی در فرایند توسعه کشاورزی شناخته میشود. عدم توجه کافی به نظام ترویج کشاورزی خصوصی در ایران، علیرغم موفقیت نسبی آن، موجب شد تا موضوع بررسی و شناسایی راهبردهای مناسب به منظور بهبود و گسترش فعالیت این نظام مورد توجه و تاکید قرار گیرد. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر شامل 40 از خبرگان و فعالان مطلع و باتجربه در حوزه فعالیت شرکتهای خدمات مشاورهای، فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، بعنوان نماد نظام­های ترویج خصوصی در ایران بود. در این تحقیق از روش­های SWOT و TOWS بعنوان پایه­ای برای تکنیک AHP استفاده شده است که به روش ترکیبی A'WOT معروف است. در گام اول تحقیق، نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدیدات فعالیت این شرکت­ها مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. با استفاده از نتایج بدست آمده در گام اول و به کمک نمودار TOWS، 11 استراتژی شناسایی و تدوین گردید.در گام دوم، به منظور شناسایی مناسب­ترین استراتژیها به منظور بهبود فعالیت شرکتهای خصوصی ترویجی، 12 نفر از خبرگان با تجربه به روش گلوله برفی از بین 40 نفر شناسایی و مورد پرسش قرار گرفتند. ابزار تحقیق دو پرسشنامه بود که برای تعیین روایی، از روایی ظاهری و محتوایی و برای سنجش پایایی از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (برای پرسشنامه گام اول) و نرخ ناسازگاری (برای پرسشنامه گام دوم) استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید در گام اول نشان داد، بکارگیری کارشناسان تحصیل­کرده و فعال کشاورزی به عنوان مهم­ترین مزیت و عدم وجود نظام مناسب بیمهای برای اعضای شرکتها و نبود نظام مالی و تعرفه­ای مناسب برای خدمات قابل ارائه به عنوان مهم­ترین نقاط ضعف شناسایی شدند. ایجاد انگیزه در جوانان بمنظور فعالیت در بخش کشاورزی نیز به عنوان مهم­ترین فرصت و عدم شفافیت سیاستهای بلندمدت وزارت جهاد کشاورزی در مورد فعالیت ترویج خصوصی به عنوان مهم­ترین تهدید شناسایی شدند. در ادامه با استفاده از TOWS، 11 استراتژی تدوین گردید. در گام دوم تحقیق، بمنظور شناسایی مناسب­ترین راهبردها از تکنیکAHP استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی اولویت استراتژیها در گام دوم نشان داد استراتژیهای؛ پشتیبانی و حمایت مالی شرکتها و کشاورزان در راستای فرهنگ­سازی و بستر سازی خصوصی­سازی فعالیتهای کشاورزی، جهتدهی و اصلاح نگرش سیاست­گزاران و مدیران دولتی نسبت به اهمیت و جایگاه فعالیتهای ترویج خصوصی و اعطای امتیازات و سیاستهای تشویقی و حمایتی در ابعاد مختلف مالی و فنی به دانش آموختگان کشاورزی بویژه جوانان روستایی در جهت ترغیب به تاسیس و مدیریت شرکتها در فرآیند توسعه کشاورزی و روستایی بعنوان مهم­ترین راهبردهای بهبود و توسعه این شرکت­ها در استان مازندران شناسایی شدند که می­بایست مورد توجه مسولین و دست اندکاران امر قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - آیا مشارکت در برنامة ترویجی مدرسة مزرعهای کشاورزان (FFS) باعث افزایش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی میشود؟ شواهدی از نظامهای تولید چای خردهپا در کنیا
جسیاه آتکا پپرز اونونو مارتین اتیانگخدمات ترویج کشاورزی جزو مهمترین خدمات روستایی در کشورهای درحالتوسعه هستند. این خدمات ازجمله عوامل اصلی تغییر فناوری و رشد بهرهوری کشاورزی به شمار میروند. در کنیا همچون بقیة اقتصادهای درحالتوسعه، خدمات کشاورزی عمدتاً ازطریق رویکردهای مبتنی بر عرضه ارائه میشوند. با ت Moreخدمات ترویج کشاورزی جزو مهمترین خدمات روستایی در کشورهای درحالتوسعه هستند. این خدمات ازجمله عوامل اصلی تغییر فناوری و رشد بهرهوری کشاورزی به شمار میروند. در کنیا همچون بقیة اقتصادهای درحالتوسعه، خدمات کشاورزی عمدتاً ازطریق رویکردهای مبتنی بر عرضه ارائه میشوند. با توجه به تأثیر بهظاهر اندک خدمات کشاورزی، این کشور در حال اجرای سیاست ملی ترویج (NEP) است که براساس ترویج مبتنی بر تقاضا و مشارکت سایر بازیگران استوار است. در این مقاله با تمرکز بر زیربخش تولید چای توسط کشاورزان خردهپا به بررسی اثر ترویج FFS بر عملکرد گیاه چای در کنیا میپردازیم. در نظام FFS از رویکردهای مشارکتی مانند نمایش بهترین شیوههای پایدار در مزارع و یادگیری عملی کشاورزان استفاده میشود. دادههای مطالعهای از نمونهای متشکل از 525 خانوار کشاورز در غرب کنیا که ازطریق نمونهگیری تصادفی چندمرحلهای انتخاب شده بودند، جمعآوری شدند و با استفاده از مدل همسانسازی براساس نمرات گرایش (PSM) که درونزایی خودانتخابی را کنترل میکند، تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مشارکت در ترویج FFS باعث شد که عملکرد سالیانة چای به طور متوسط 70/471 کیلوگرم در ایکر افزایش یابد (p = 0.009) درحالیکه نظام آموزشی و بازدید به هزینة خود کشاورز تأثیری بر عملکرد محصول نداشت. در کنار اینکه نشان میدهیم FSS در افزایش عملکرد گیاه نقش دارد، این مقاله نشان میدهد که مدلهای ترویج مبتنی بر عرضه ازجمله T&V برای تشویق تقاضا در مراحل اولیة اجرای مدلهای FFS ضروریاند. براساس یافتهها، توصیه میشود روی افزایش دسترسی FFS در میان کشاورزان خردهپا سرمایهگذاری بشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Determinants of Smallholder Farmers' Access to Agricultural Extension Channels and their Effects on Awareness and Compliance with Good Agricultural Practices in Kenya
James Mwangi Preston Chitere James KariukiAlthough it is mandatory for smallholder farmers to comply with Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to participate in French bean farming for export, they lack uniformity in their farming practices. Available literature doesn't show whether farmers’ compliance with MoreAlthough it is mandatory for smallholder farmers to comply with Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) to participate in French bean farming for export, they lack uniformity in their farming practices. Available literature doesn't show whether farmers’ compliance with GAPs is affected by their choices of extension channels and their social status characteristics. A field survey was conducted among 115 farmers who were sampled systematically, and the data was collected by the use of questionnaires. The data were analyzed descriptively and by Chi-square, Pearson's correlation, and regression models to establish the association between social status characteristics of farmers versus extension channels accessed, and its influence on awareness and compliance with GAPs. The study found that farmers' level of access to extension channels had a significant influence on their level of awareness and compliance with GAPs. Field extension workers were the most effective channel of extension. Moreover, gender, asset scores, farm acreage under French beans and income from the sale of French beans were among the social characteristics with significant influence on the type and number of extension channels accessed by smallholder farmers. This study recommends that the dissemination of agricultural innovation messages to smallholder farmers should be guided by studying their social characteristics and paying attention to women and resource-poor farmers. innovation messages should be tailored along available channels of extension to enhance access by a diverse calibre of farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - بررسی ابعاد موانع ترویج کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری کوچک مقیاس
ید حسن حسینی خشت مسجدی سحر در یوری سید جمال فرج اله حسینی مریم امیدی نجف آبادیکشاورزان در مقیاس کوچک برای دستیابی به کشاورزی تجاری یکپارچه در مقیاس کوچک با موانع متعددی روبرو هستند. این مطالعه با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به بررسی موانع کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری در مقیاس کوچک می پردازد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه شالیکاران استان گیلان (180106=N) بوده و حجم نمونه Moreکشاورزان در مقیاس کوچک برای دستیابی به کشاورزی تجاری یکپارچه در مقیاس کوچک با موانع متعددی روبرو هستند. این مطالعه با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی به بررسی موانع کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری در مقیاس کوچک می پردازد. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه شالیکاران استان گیلان (180106=N) بوده و حجم نمونه (422=n) با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای تعیین شد. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (89/0) تأیید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با نرم افزار SPSS و تحلیل مسیر با نرم افزار Smart PLS انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که موانع گسترش تأثیر مستقیم بر کشاورزی در مقیاس کوچک (441/0=β) و کشاورزی تجاری تلفیقی (401/0=β) و تأثیر غیرمستقیم بر کشاورزی تلفیقی تجاری در مقیاس کوچک (541/0 = β) و غیر مستقیم (β = 0.91). با توجه به مقدار t، فرضیه تحقیق در مورد موانع گسترش می توان نتیجه گرفت که اثربخشی بین متغیرهای مستقل و وابسته معنادار است. بر اساس نتایج بهدستآمده، استفاده از عوامل ترویجی آگاه، کاهش وظایف غیرگسترشی مروجین و کمک به سازمانهای محلی برای کاهش واسطهها از عوامل ضروری در رفع موانع این نوع سیستمهای کشاورزی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Assessing the Process of Extension Program Development in Iranian Agricultural Extension System
Saeid Fe'li Gholamreza Pezeshki Rad Hassan Sadighi Esmaeil Shahbazi Seyed Javad Ghoraishi AbhariThe purpose of this study was to assess the process of extension program development in Iranian Agricultural Extension System (IAES). The research instrument was a structural questionnaire with close-ended questions which its validity and reliability was confirmed by us MoreThe purpose of this study was to assess the process of extension program development in Iranian Agricultural Extension System (IAES). The research instrument was a structural questionnaire with close-ended questions which its validity and reliability was confirmed by using expert panel and Cranach’s alpha test, respectively. The target population of this research included all extension managers who were responsible for doing extension activities in Iran’s townships (N=334). According to Krejcie and Morgan’s table, a number of 191 persons selected as statistical sample in a stratified sampling method, and finally 198 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed (n=198). Overall, the use of the process of extension program development in IAES was at less than moderate level. The other results also indicated there was the significantly positive relationship between selected demographic characteristics of extension managers with their viewpoint on the use of the process of extension program development in IAES. These results highlight the need for the reform of the process of agricultural extension program development in IAES. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Regionalization of the Iowa State University Extension System: Lessons Learned by Key Administrators
Mary S. Holz-Clause Vikram Swaroop Chandra Koundinya Sherry Glenn Jack M. PayneThe cyclical economic downturn in the United States has forced many Extension administrators to rethink and adjust services and programming. The Cooperative Extension System (CES), the organization primarily responsible for governmental Extension work in the United Stat MoreThe cyclical economic downturn in the United States has forced many Extension administrators to rethink and adjust services and programming. The Cooperative Extension System (CES), the organization primarily responsible for governmental Extension work in the United States, at Iowa State University responded to this economic downturn by restructuring its organization from county based to a regional model. This paper shares the experiences of key administrators in planning this restructuring process and the lessons learned. This experience and the restructuring processes used have implications for administrators in all organizational settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Need for a Strong Public-Private Linkage in Agricultural Extension System (Case Study: Sari Township, Iran)
Amir Ahmadpour Shohreh SoltaniRelationship between public and private sector is becoming an increasingly important issue in management of agricultural extension services. The need for a strong linkage could be identified as the gap between desirable and current situation. In this research, the diffe MoreRelationship between public and private sector is becoming an increasingly important issue in management of agricultural extension services. The need for a strong linkage could be identified as the gap between desirable and current situation. In this research, the differences among current and desirable situation in six diverse dimensions was calculated. The current and desirable situation was evaluated from the overview of two groups of experts in public (n=36) and private (n=59) sector in Sari township. The research instrument was a questionnaire which was filled during interviews. Reliability and validity of questionnaire was verified using Chronbach’s alpha test and views of panel of experts respectively. Results showed that there is a need to reinforce the link between public and private extension, especially in case of organizational structure system. This study showed that, the linkage between decision making and planning system of extension system is inappropriate and should be improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Factors Influencing the Use of and Attitude of Using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Agricultural Extension, A Study in the Isfahan Province of Iran
Zahra Haji Hashemi Gholamreza Pezeshki Rad Mohammad ChizariInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly influencing human beings and are changing our attitudes towards these technologies. The purpose of this article is to understand the factors influencing the use of ICTs in agricultural extension through MoreInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) are increasingly influencing human beings and are changing our attitudes towards these technologies. The purpose of this article is to understand the factors influencing the use of ICTs in agricultural extension through a descriptive research method. The populations were 320 individuals of agricultural Extension Workers (EWs) of Isfahan province that 200 people selected as a research sample. The reliability of self-completion questionnaire according to pilot test and calculating Cronbach’s alpha for four part of the instrument was 82.6-87.8. The results revealed that the EWs have a positive attitude toward using ICT. They mostly viewed it as a useful tool for extension, which can potentially save money and time and extension. On the ranking of principal areas of applying ICTs by EWs “typing letters/report”, “prepare and protect file on process basic agricultural and rural information”, had most usage. The main result of the study revealed that the EWs approximately use ICT quite a bit. Also, the EWs with high school diploma degree used ICT less than the EWs with MSc degree and the EWs with 5 years and less experience had higher ICT application than the EWs with 15-16 year experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - بررسی رابطه بین "دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به کشاورزی ارگانیک" و "نگرش زیست محیطی آنها"
Mehdi Nooripoor Sanaz Arpanahi Zeinab Sharifiهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین نگرش زیست محیطی اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی و دیدگاه آنان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک در بخش مرکزی شهرستان بویر احمد بود. جامعه آماری مطالعه شامل محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان منطقه مورد مطالعه بود که اندازه نمونه با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری کرجیسی و مورگان به ترتیب حدود 62 و 55 و 60 نفر تعیین شد. ابزار اصلی جمع­آوری داده­ها در بخش دیدگاه پاسخگویان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک، پرسشنامه از قبل طراحی شده بود که روایی محتوایی آن توسط متخصصان توسعه روستایی تایید و پایایی ابزار سنجش نیز با استفاده از ضزیب آلفای کرونباخ (76/0-94/0) مورد تایید قرار گرفت. همچنین نگرش زیست محیطی پاسخگویان با استفاده از آزمون پارادایم نوین محیطی(NEP) دانلپ و همکاران سنجیده شد. نتایج نشان داد که محققان، مروجان و کشاورزان از نگرش زیست محیطی متوسطی برخوردار بودند. علاوه بر آن، محققان و مروجان نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک دیدگاه بالاتر از متوسط داشتند. در حالی که کشاورزان دیدگاه نسبتاً مطلوبی داشتند. فزون بر این، رابطه بین دیدگاه اعضای نظام اطلاعات کشاورزی نسبت به محصولات ارگانیک و نگرش زیست محیطی آن­ها مثبت و معنی­دار بود که نشان داد هر چه نگرش زیست محیطی مطلوب تری داشته یاشند، تمایل بیشتری به محصولات ارگانیک دارند. در نتیجه، می توان گفت بهبود نگرش زیست محیطی به منظور تولید محصولات سالم و حفظ محیط زیست باید در اولویت قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - ترویج کارآفرینی سازمانی در ایران: شواهدی از کارگزاران ترویج کشاورزی
Nader Naderi Nematollah Shiri Mojgan Khoshmaram Masoud Ramezaniهدف کلی این پژوهش بررسی نقش مدیریت دانش در کارآفرینی سازمانی در میان کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی شهرستان کرمانشاه بود. جامعه‏ آماری این پژوهش شامل 143 نفر از کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی و مراکز خدمات کشاورزی شهرستان کرمانشاه بود که 129 نفر از آنان به روش Moreهدف کلی این پژوهش بررسی نقش مدیریت دانش در کارآفرینی سازمانی در میان کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی شهرستان کرمانشاه بود. جامعه‏ آماری این پژوهش شامل 143 نفر از کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی و مراکز خدمات کشاورزی شهرستان کرمانشاه بود که 129 نفر از آنان به روش نمونه‏گیری ساده تصادفی برای بررسی انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه‏ای بود که روایی آن توسط نظرسنجی از متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. به‏منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی (فراوانی، درصد، کمینه، بیشینه، میانگین و انحراف معیار) و آمار استنباطی (تحلیل همبستگی و تحلیل رگرسیون) از نرم‏افزار SPSSWin21 استفاده شد. بر پایه نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه به شیوۀ توأم، مؤلفه‏های مدیریت دانش پیش‏بینی‏کننده‏های اصلی ‏تغییرات واریانس کارآفرینی سازمانی در میان کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی شهرستان کرمانشاه بودند. نتایج این بررسی دستاوردهای مهمی برای مدیران سازمان جهاد کشاورزی و مراکز خدمات کشاورزی در جهت ارتقای کارآفرینی سازمانی در میان کارشناسان ترویج کشاورزی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Investigation of East Azerbaijan Researchers and Extension Agents’ View about the Role of Extension Services on Agricultural Development
Javad Mahmoodi KaramjavanThe purpose of this study was investigation of East Azerbaijan researchers and extension agents’ view about the role of extension services on agricultural development. The methodology was descriptive-correlation which is carried out by survey method. In this study MoreThe purpose of this study was investigation of East Azerbaijan researchers and extension agents’ view about the role of extension services on agricultural development. The methodology was descriptive-correlation which is carried out by survey method. In this study, the sample population was 335 people including all researchers and extension agents working in the agricultural sector. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and level over 0.75 for all sections of the questionnaire was measured. Its validity was established asking for the help from the technical experts. Results showed that the agricultural extension is an undeniable necessity in the agricultural development the effects of which has been positive and significant in the major variables of the agricultural development. The shortcomings are not due to the nature of extension rather they are because of improper execution, lack of support and similar reasons. The reduction of pest damage, improvement of the social status, contribution to boost handicrafts, acceptance of product insurance, recommendations for land leveling, creation of sale cooperation, awareness raising of the market, use of modern irrigation methods and several factors else was those extension role factors that the respondents agreed upon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Assessment of Use of Selected Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for Extension Service Delivery: Implication for Agricultural Development in Nigeria
Saheed Ige Adetumbi Olumuyiwa Akin Olaniyi Jacob Gbemiga AdewaleThe study was carried out to assess the implication of the use of selected Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for extension service delivery in Nigeria. The simple random technique was used to select fifty percent of the total extension agents which equiv MoreThe study was carried out to assess the implication of the use of selected Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for extension service delivery in Nigeria. The simple random technique was used to select fifty percent of the total extension agents which equivalent to forty-two respondents as sample size for the study. Frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used as descriptive statistic. Also, Chi-Square test and Spearman’s rho correlation were employed as inferential statistic to test for the hypotheses. Findings indicated that access to various ICTs tools especially Radio and Mobile phone and were found to be relevant to farming operations. The result of Chi square test revealed that significant relationship exist between sex, age, level of education, years of working experience of the extension agents and level of use of ICTs. Furthermore, the result of Spearman rho Correlation showed that there was no significant relationship between ICT training of extension workers and the level of use of ICTs. The study recommended among others that, there should be a periodic review of the use of current ICTs in extension service delivery to facilitate effectiveness in the use of ICTs for extension service and adequate funding of extension service should also be ensured to enhance the maintenance of ICTs made available to extension personnel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Needs Assessment Competencies: Are They Important for Extension Educators?
Nav R. Ghimire Robert A. MartinThe purpose of this study was to determine the importance of eleven professional competencies related to needs assessment and program development; a secondary purpose was to identify the best time these competencies should be learned. The study followed a survey researc MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the importance of eleven professional competencies related to needs assessment and program development; a secondary purpose was to identify the best time these competencies should be learned. The study followed a survey research design, in which 441 randomly selected extension educators in the North Central Region of the United States responded to a questionnaire through an online survey. Results suggest that respondents perceived nine of the eleven competencies as highly important for their professional development. High percentages of the respondents also reported that six competencies should be learned on the job. Stepwise regression analysis revealed the demographics of “gender” and “education” as statistically significant predictors in determining respondents’ perceptions. Findings indicate a need for flexible staff development programs for extension educators through graduate education, in-service programs, and on-the-job training. Findings have implications for designing new policies for employee selection, training, professional development, and performance appraisal. Further study was recommended to determine whether the findings would be valid at the national level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Teaching Methods and Tools Used In Food Safety Extension Education Programs in the North Central Region of the United States
Vikram Swaroop Chandra Koundinya Robert A. MartinOne of the ways to ensure food safety is to educate the public. Of the organizations providing food safety education in the United States (U.S.), the Cooperative Extension System (CES) is one of the most reliable. The effectiveness CES programs depends not only on what MoreOne of the ways to ensure food safety is to educate the public. Of the organizations providing food safety education in the United States (U.S.), the Cooperative Extension System (CES) is one of the most reliable. The effectiveness CES programs depends not only on what is being taught but also on how it is taught. Both a needs-based curriculum and how that curriculum is delivered are equally important. This descriptive cross-sectional study using a disproportional stratified random sample identified the teaching methods and tools being used by food safety extension educators of the CES of North Central Region (NCR). A Likert-type scale administered to extension educators revealed that they were adopting a balanced use of teaching methods and tools, and using learner-centered teaching methods in their programs. However, distance education, case studies and podcasts, which are commonly used in education programs, were not being used extensively. We recommend that food safety extension educators of NCR should increase the use of these two teaching methods and tool while continuing to use the current ones. This study has implications for improving food safety education delivery to clients in the NCR and for designing inservice education for food safety extension educators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effectiveness of Extension Services in Enhancing Outgrowers’ Credit System: A Case of Smallholder Sugarcane Farmers in Kisumu County, Kenya
Abura Odilla Gilbert Barchok Kipngeno Hillary Onyango Christopher AsherThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to determine whether public and private extension services play a significan MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to determine whether public and private extension services play a significant role in enhancing effectiveness of out-growers’ credit system among smallholder sugarcane farmers. A total of 110 small scale farmers were randomly selected for the study. A closed ended questionnaire was used to collect data from farmers. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The findings indicated that both public and private extension services were insignificant in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system. Further, the findings indicated that there was no significant difference between public and private sector in provision of extension services. The findings suggest that for out growers’ credit system to be effective in terms of creation of awareness about credit, accessibility, timely supply of credit, supervision of credit and provision of extension advice on credit utilization, both public and private extension services should be intensified and coordinated to avoid duplication. The results also suggest that sugarcane factory extension division should be strengthened just like in the coffee and tea sub-sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - An Economic Evaluation of Iranian Horticultural Research and Extension Policy: The Case Study of Almond Late Flowering Cultivars
Seyed Safdar Hosseini Ali ShahnavaziThis paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing Almond Late Flowering Cultivars (ALFC) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in Sahand Horticultural Research Station (SHRS), using the economic surplus model and field s MoreThis paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing Almond Late Flowering Cultivars (ALFC) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in Sahand Horticultural Research Station (SHRS), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. ALFC make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus of producers and consumers. Results showed that because of ALFC, economic surplus of producers and consumers had been increased about 0.4 and 0.6 million US Dollars, respectively that the share of consumers from benefits was 58 percent. The social net present value of ALFC regarding to the cost of research and extension was about 0.1 million US Dollars. It was identified that the internal rate of return in developing and introducing of ALFC had been about 11%. The findings expressed that if the research investment in ALFC could keep the position of almond supply curve unchanged unless the weather conditions, then the economic surplus of producers and consumers would decreased 3 and 4.2 million US Dollars less annually, respectively and internal rate of return in almond research would be 33%. Comparing the results showed that the introduction of late flowering cultivars could reduce the loss only 4% per hectare. The results illustrated that investment in R& E of almond could make supply curve shift less in chilling situation because of decrease in cultivation cost, but it is necessary to enhance almond yield too. The findings identify that the efficiency of current system of R & E for almond is low. So it is a necessity to find ways for make better the R & E performance in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Social Factors Influencing Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technologies by Paddy Farmers
Fatemeh Razzaghi Borkhani Ahmad Rezvanfar Hossein Shabanali Fami Mahtab PouratashiThis study aimed to identify the factors influencing adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies by paddy farmers in Sari County of Iran. A sample of 260 farmers who selected randomly, participated in this study through a survey questionnaire. Findings of MoreThis study aimed to identify the factors influencing adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies by paddy farmers in Sari County of Iran. A sample of 260 farmers who selected randomly, participated in this study through a survey questionnaire. Findings of the study revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between adoption of IPM technologies and farmers’ participation in extension activities, Farmers’ Field School, local associations, and influence of opinion leaders. Regression analysis indicated that nearly 43% of variation in the IPM technologies adoption could be explained by participation in extension activities, local associations, and influence of opinion leaders. Findings have implications for designing extension programs that can encourage adoption of IPM technologies by farmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Encouraging and Discouraging Factors in Application of Information and Communication Technologies in Agricultural Extension in Isfahan Province of Iran
Gholamreza Pezeshki Rad Zahra Haji Hashemi Mohhamad ChizariThe benefits of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for agricultural extension purposes and activities are obvious. The main objective of this article is to identify encouraging and discouraging factors in application of ICTs in agricultural extension in I MoreThe benefits of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for agricultural extension purposes and activities are obvious. The main objective of this article is to identify encouraging and discouraging factors in application of ICTs in agricultural extension in Isfahan province of Iran. This study investigated areas of ICTs application by Extension Workers (EWs), too. The research design was a descriptive method. The population includes 320 Isfahan province EWs that 200 person were choose by census and stratified sampling methods. In our contribution we focused on finding. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was established using a panel of experts consisting of faculty members in the Departments of Agricultural Education and Extension, Tarbiat Modares University and extension officers in the Isfahan Province Agricultural Jihad Organization. Cronbach's Alpha to estimate the reliability of the instrument was among 82.6 - 87.8. On the ranking of principal areas of applying ICTs by EWs in extension “typing letters/report”, and “prepare and protect file on process basic agricultural and rural information”, and “access to the latest agricultural news and information”, had most usage. The main result of the study revealed that the EWs in the study approximately use ICT quite a bit. For EWs ICT Encouraging Items Principal Factor Analysis extracted four factors which accounted for 76.24% of the total variance. And Factor analysis for EWs ICT discouraging Items extracted six factors which accounted for 62.84% of the total variance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Factor Analysis of Agricultural Development Indicators from Iranian Agriculture Experts’ Viewpoints
Mohammad Sadegh Sabouri Meysam soloukiAgriculture and its development is the foundation of development in Iran as a developing country. So, it can be regarded as the foundation for economical and social development.The capabilities of agriculture sector are limited and its efficiency is trivial because of n MoreAgriculture and its development is the foundation of development in Iran as a developing country. So, it can be regarded as the foundation for economical and social development.The capabilities of agriculture sector are limited and its efficiency is trivial because of neglecting agricultural development and keeping its support just as a slogan. The transformation of agriculture to a developed, dynamic, efficient environment depends not only on appropriate climate and natural resources but also on human resource development in the relevant sector. The main purpose of the present research was to study and recognize agricultural development indicators from agriculture experts’ viewpoints (including researchers, trainers and extension experts) in six provinces in Iran on the basis of Adjacent Provinces Plan. The study was designed with three phases of theoretical foundations, field operations and data analysis. The statistical population was 863 experts, out of which 198 experts were selected by stratified sampling. The validity and reliability of measurement tool (questionnaire) was analyzed by SPSS software package. The study was a correlation-descriptive study in which factor analysis statistics was used in addition to descriptive statistics. Experts grouped indicators of future agricultural development in nine groups (access to inputs, application of technologies for the development of human resource and sustainability; reduction of losses; economical development; improvement of infrastructures; agricultural mechanization; social status; improvement of marketing; land reform; yield increase). Results about the difference in respondents’ viewpoints revealed significant differences in experts’ viewpoints in six studied province about relevant variables and in their viewpoints about the components of agricultural development (infrastructure improvement, marketing, optimum management and sustainability, human resource development and economical development). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - بررسی عوامل آموزشی – ترویجی موثر بر استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته( مطالعه موردی: استان ایلام)
Mohammad Bagher Arayeshهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات عوامل آموزشی – ترویجی بر روی استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته بود. این مطالعه از طریق تحقیق پیمایشی انجام شد. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و توصیفی – پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه خبرگان بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی استان Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات عوامل آموزشی – ترویجی بر روی استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته بود. این مطالعه از طریق تحقیق پیمایشی انجام شد. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و توصیفی – پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه خبرگان بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی استان ایلام بوده اند (64 نفر). در این مطالعه روش سرشماری استفاده شده بود. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده ها یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی ظاهری و محتوایی آن به کمک پانل متخصصین دانشگاهی تایید گردید. پایایی ابزار تحقیق نیز با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ 92% بدست آمد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن تحقیق نشان داد که رابطه معنی داری بین متغیرهایی نظیر استفاده از رسانه های گروهی، برقراری ارتباط با کارشناسان ترویج و مرتبه علمی کارشناسان و استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته وجود دارد. یافته های تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای رتبه علمی کارشناسان، برقراری ارتباط با کارشناسان ترویج و رسانه های ارتباط جمعی دارای اثر مثبت بر استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته هستند و این متغیرها 53.2% واریانس متغیر وابسته را تبیین نموده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Use of Computer and Internet in Agricultural Extension as perceived by Extension Workers
Gholamreza Pezeshkirad Zahra Hajihashemi Mohhamad ChizariThe purpose of this study was to determine computer and Internet use in agricultural extension by Extension Workers (EWs). This study used a descriptive-correlational design.Population for the study consisted of all extension workers (N= 320) in Isfahan Province, Iran. MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine computer and Internet use in agricultural extension by Extension Workers (EWs). This study used a descriptive-correlational design.Population for the study consisted of all extension workers (N= 320) in Isfahan Province, Iran. A stratified sampling technique and census was used to select EWs (n = 200). Overall, findings indicate that EWs have access to computers both at work and home. On average, they use computers approximately 6 – 8 hours per week and majority of them use the Internet on average of 1 – 4 hours per week. A majority of them reported “fair to high level” of skills in computer usage. For example, writing CDs, word processing, using computers for file management, and basic computer skills. However, extension agent’s report “no to a low level” of skills relative to using excel, installing software, power point and micro soft access, Photoshop, statistical software, were the skills that EWs did not have. It was proved necessary to conduct a systematic assessment of training needs relative to computer and Internet use. Systematic training should be conducted in the areas that Extension Workers perceived to be less skill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Employee Job Autonomy and Control in a Restructured Extension Organization
Mary S. Holz-Clause Vikram Swaroop Chandra Koundinya Nancy K. Franz Timothy O. BorichThis descriptive cross sectional census study identified the perceptions of Extension and Outreach employees of Iowa State University in the United States about job autonomy and control after two years of a major restructuring. Employees perceived autonomy and control o MoreThis descriptive cross sectional census study identified the perceptions of Extension and Outreach employees of Iowa State University in the United States about job autonomy and control after two years of a major restructuring. Employees perceived autonomy and control over expressing views and ideas about their work and spending time on the job but perceived little influence over budget allocations and shaping organizational strategies. They felt administrators and external funding sources influenced programming. They perceived contributing most to program implementation and marketing. The findings from this study have implications for operations and programming in Extension and other organizational settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The Implementing of The Cataloguers Resource Description and Access (RDA) Rules at the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization libraries from the Viewpoint of librarians
Tayebeh Shahmirzadi Fatemeh Pazooki Mohsen Haji ZeanolabediniObjective: The overall purpose of this study is to identify the status of familiarity and acceptance of the standard of description and access to the source (ARD) by librarians of the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Method: In terms of purpo MoreObjective: The overall purpose of this study is to identify the status of familiarity and acceptance of the standard of description and access to the source (ARD) by librarians of the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Method: In terms of purpose, the present study is an applied one that measured the familiarity of 18 librarians working in the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization with RDAs through a questionnaire before and after training and their acceptance of the rules. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by content validity method and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and the results and findings of the research were presented in the form of tables and graphs (using Excel software). Results: The rate of familiarity of librarians with the meanings of cataloging in pre-training was average (43.65%) and then (23.23%) respectively. But after holding a one-day workshop, their awareness of these concepts changed to moderate (47.62%) and then high (23.81%). In general, librarians have agreed to accept RDA. Conclusion: The readiness and perspective for the acceptance of the rules of description and access to the source (RDA) by the catalogers working in the libraries of the organization is higher than the average level. The necessity of providing sufficient training to catalogers to take advantage of software based on new changes is a high priority and one of the main priorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Crisis management in the libraries Case Study: The Libraries of affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization
Javad Bashiri Fatemeh Zabihi FaridianPurpose: The main purpose of this research is the determining safety and crisis management in the libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization. Methodology: In This study descriptive survey met MorePurpose: The main purpose of this research is the determining safety and crisis management in the libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of agricultural research, education and extension organization. Methodology: In This study descriptive survey method was used. Data collected from the questionnaire and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The population consisted of 104 special libraries of institutes and research centers affiliated of AREEO. Due to the nature of the study, data analysis and descriptive statistics were used to design charts from Excel. In this study due to the limited population of the sample is not used. Findings: According to the results, 44 percent of the libraries’ buildings in the affiliated of AREEO against of the natural disasters have appropriate conditions. 54 percent of libraries are strength against the earthquake and 68 percent against to hurricane. 86% of libraries are not equipped with any alarm system. More than 90 percent of the libraries lacked emergency exits and over 92 percent have no insurance coverage. 35 percent of staff completed primary fire training and 65 percent of staff had not any education. 94 percent of libraries do not have any plan to deal with the crisis. Conclusion: The results showed that the theory of planned behavior has been effective regarding the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Evaluation of Agricultural Digital Library Workshops held in AREEO based on Participants point of view during 2008- 2009
Javad Bashiri Abas Gilvari Tayebeh ShahmirzadiPurpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the view points of Agricultural digital library workshops' participants, held in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) during 2008 and 2009. Methodology: Descriptive survey has been implem MorePurpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the view points of Agricultural digital library workshops' participants, held in Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) during 2008 and 2009. Methodology: Descriptive survey has been implemented to conduct the research. 2200 participants in 50 workshops held in AREEO formed the survey population. Research data are gathered through investigation forms and analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Findings: The qualification of 6 trainees whom trained the participants in the workshops were as follows: teacher's dominance on workshops 95%; presenting quality of lectures 87%; ability to response the participant questions 86%; time management 81% and instructive facilitates utilization 77%. Additionally, according to the results updating the workshops curricula, correlation rate of presented workshops lectures to meet the real needs oftrainees, comprehensiveness of the workshops subjects and trainees satisfaction, were 95%, 87% and 85% respectively. Also trainees' have evaluated suitably the holding place and holding time 78% and 88%. Conclusion: Nearly 25% of participants evaluated the necessity of workshops as excellent, 58% good, 12% average and 1% weak. In general, workshops could meet the trainees' satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Corrigendum to "On $(\sigma, \tau)$-module extension Banach algebras"
M. Fozouni -
Open Access Article
144 - Approximate $n-$ideal amenability of module extension Banach algebras
M. Ettefagh S. Etemad -
Open Access Article
145 - A study of defectless and vs-defectless extensions of valued fields
َA. Nikseresht -
Open Access Article
146 - Basis extension and construction of tight frames
N. K. Sahu -
Open Access Article
147 - Module-Amenability on Module Extension Banach Algebras
D. Ebrahimi bagha -
Open Access Article
148 - On (σ, τ)-module extension Banach algebras
M. Fozouni -
Open Access Article
149 - Role of Brand Dynamics in Strategic Positioning of An International Business (Case study: A Handcraft Store Named Dasto)
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim HamdiToday, brand management takes into account as an organizational strategic topic which helps organizations to create value for the customers who attend foreign market and lead to sustainable competitive advantage across the world. In this research, we investigate on four MoreToday, brand management takes into account as an organizational strategic topic which helps organizations to create value for the customers who attend foreign market and lead to sustainable competitive advantage across the world. In this research, we investigate on four brand dynamics including Brand Positioning, Brand Extension, Brand Monetary Value, and Brand Power, effecting in strategic positioning of an international business. Our target population includes foreign customers of a handcraft store named “Dasto” who were selected based on simple accidental sampling, answered to the questions. This is a descriptive and functional research. To analyze the hypothesizes, we used t test for single sample, t test for independent samples, and one way variance analysis by means of spss software. Model analytical meaningfully was analyzed throughout structural equation modeling named way analysis. The results showed all brand dynamics stated in this research except monetary value are in a positive relationship with the strategic positioning of an international business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Clinical report of unilateral carpal hyperextension in a dog
H.R. Fattahian H. Mohyeddin R. Moridpour A.R. Hosseinzadeh F. Farahani Khomejani فاطمه SaadinamA seven month male Boxer dog, 15 kg body weighting has been referred to private small animal clinic with left forelimb palmigrade stance. The history of trauma was not reported and patient also did not suffer from any systemic disease. Left forelimb (lateral view) str MoreA seven month male Boxer dog, 15 kg body weighting has been referred to private small animal clinic with left forelimb palmigrade stance. The history of trauma was not reported and patient also did not suffer from any systemic disease. Left forelimb (lateral view) stress radiograph was shown hyperextension at the antebrachiocarpal joint. Then based on history and clinical examination surgical treatment of pancarpal arthrodesis was performed. The postoperative care was antibiotic administration and limb was supported in a cylinder cast at least for 8 weeks. The hyperextension of the carpus is the serious injury to the canine carpus and pancarpal arthrodesis involves surgical fusion of all joint levels. This has been a satisfactory limb sparing procedure in comparison to limb amputation. Manuscript profile
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