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Open Access Article
1 - Application of structural approach-complexity-interpretation of supply chain and its role in competitiveness in automotive industry
Saeid Zanganeh bolghis bavarsad majid nili ahmadabadiExtensive progress in supply chain management operations and logistics research has led to the changing nature of the competition in modern businesses. In the supply chain process, the performance of supply chain management is an important and key factor for the acquisi MoreExtensive progress in supply chain management operations and logistics research has led to the changing nature of the competition in modern businesses. In the supply chain process, the performance of supply chain management is an important and key factor for the acquisition of competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to use a structural approach-complexity interpretation of supply chain and its role in competitiveness in automotive industry in the automotive industry. This paper is in terms of development goal, which by using the combined method, in two stages, including identification of indicators by thematic analysis method and its test was conducted using a correlational survey. The statistical population of the paper in the quality phase of the managers of Iran Khodro Company of Khuzestan province and professors and in the quantitative phase of managers, employees and staff of Iran Khodro Company of Khuzestan Province is a small part of the formation of a structural self-interactive matrix to follow structural and interpretive modeling. The sample size in the qualitative phase was determined by the method of judgement. The results showed that 3 main indices and 15 sub-indexes were identified as the main model factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Study of the Corelation and Consistency Between the Organization Stracture (Formality, Concentration and Complexity) and the Strategic Goles in Radio and TV Organization and Presrntion of a Suitable Pattern
R.A. Royaee H. MozafarObjective of this Paper is to identify problems and hindrances of radio and TV Organization. Both to executeits procedural strategy and objectives. To realize recent structure and to organized: to identify its weaknessesand strength: and to execute its accomplished proc MoreObjective of this Paper is to identify problems and hindrances of radio and TV Organization. Both to executeits procedural strategy and objectives. To realize recent structure and to organized: to identify its weaknessesand strength: and to execute its accomplished procedural strategy and objectives.The presence of various kinds of communication devices such as satellite and Internet : social changes :positional threat of Radio and TV: procedural role of propagation: protection: development; explanation ofIslam’s superiority and universality as well as fundamentals of Islamic Revolution; and explaining ImamKhomeini (Rahs) thoughts , religious government; and principal of authority of the qualified faqih; we needto create a suitable organizational structure with the new strategy for Radio and TV organization of IslamicRepublic of Iran.When the structure is adaptable with the strategy; its success is enhanced and its strategy would change.Therefore, its structure would also change. So the researcher has tried to study the organizational structure ofRadio and TV organization and its strategic objectives by emphasizing on the complexity; formality andcentralization; the researcher also is going to answer this question! Is the organization structure of Radio andTV organization adaptable with its procedural objectives?There fore, the research hypothesis has been that, is a difference between the organizational structure ofRadio and TV organization and its procedural objectives or not?Respective to the research and investigation system, the investigation is descriptive (measurable) and itsobjective is applied, so, concerning the investigation objective , Radio and TV organization could utilize theresults of the investigation.The investigation results showed that, Radio and TV organization is highly centralized and formalized,according to the views of the respective managers and authorities the media has an important mission Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Presenting the model of factors affecting the level of technological complexity of research and development activities in knowledge-based companies
Gholamali Shahmoradi Taghi Torabi Reza Radfar Mohammadhasan CheraghaliBackground: Today, knowledge-based companies play a very important role in achieving advanced technologies and producing innovative products, and as a result, the growth and development of countries. The success of these companies is due to the development of advanced r MoreBackground: Today, knowledge-based companies play a very important role in achieving advanced technologies and producing innovative products, and as a result, the growth and development of countries. The success of these companies is due to the development of advanced research and development activities that have a high level of technological complexity. Methodology: The current research is of mixed type. In the qualitative part, the grounded theory approach was used and the data was collected using interview tools and literature review. Quantitative part data was collected from the desired statistical population through a researcher-made questionnaire, then data analysis and model fitting with structural equation modeling method and using smart software pls3 done. Findings: 91 effective factors on determining the level of technological complexity in the form of six categories were identified and the presented model was confirmed. Conclusion: The model for determining the level of technological complexity of research and development activities resulting from the present study can be a suitable tool for managers of research and development departments of knowledge-based companies in order to improve the level of research and development activities based on global standards and creating transformation in the fields of technology and knowledge production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Identify barriers to optimal implementation of the VAT system in Iran (Based on the Value Added Tax Act)
Haniye Keshtkar Rajabi Mohammadtaghi Ziae BigdeliThis study, entitled "Identification of barriers in the implementation of the VAT system optimized" with the formulation of hypotheses such as the lack of sufficient information, the lack of appropriate software, the complexity of the tax authorities, lack of adequate t MoreThis study, entitled "Identification of barriers in the implementation of the VAT system optimized" with the formulation of hypotheses such as the lack of sufficient information, the lack of appropriate software, the complexity of the tax authorities, lack of adequate training of tax officers and to identify barriers to effective implementation fix it and help to improve the system have been made. The method used in this research is descriptive for the purpose of application through field surveys have been carried out. To collect information from the five-item Likert scale questionnaire was used to search through the content and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability by Cronbach''s alpha was performed by the (at the rate of 0.786) was approved. Sampling was random. Research in Tehran province was implemented and statistical population of 108 employees of the Tax Administration that officers of law enforcement VAT are taken into account, and 80 taxpayers, the number of samples based on Morgan table. The results showed that the complexity of the tax authorities, lack of sufficient information, the lack of appropriate software, lack of adequate training of tax officials on optimal implementation of VAT are effective. And showed a lack of adequate training of tax officers and the lack of sufficient information about the weaknesses of the application is more barriers for the VAT system optimal implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Cohering central part of Shiraz Urban design guidelines toward a more coherent urban form based on complexity theory
Hossein Bahrainy Mehran ForoughifarOld cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new chal MoreOld cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new challenges and demands by which various qualities of old cities has been altered or vanished forever, as urban cohesion and wholeness. Cohesion and wholeness are two related concepts where the former one is a fundamental condition to reach the later one. In this paper, wholeness is defined as an integrated system, consisted of different elements and their relations which can tolerate no changes, since a trivial one may change it into another system. Moreover, cohesion is considered as an important quality of relations between different elements of the whole. Although cohesion can be seen with various scales in different layers of cities, the layer we emphasize on in this paper is the built environment. For theoretical frame work of this paper we used complexity theory with emphasis on Christopher Alexander and Nikos Salingaros theories about wholeness and coherent urban form. We extracted principals of urban coherence to evaluate the cohesion of central part of Shiraz and to make design guidelines to achieve cohesion. These principle are: coupling, diversity, boundary, forces, organization, hierarchy, interdependence, and decomposition. And also a wide range of valid records, documents, and maps are used which enabled us to illustrate the main structure of this old city, before its destruction in Pahlavi era. Taking into account all of these principles, we focused on these questions: does cohesion exist in the ancient area of this city? Can we find some application of these principals in old city that could be as a foundation for design guidelines? As our first contribution, we used the principles and evaluated their existence by applying them to an old area of Shiraz city which dates back to the Zand era. Due to our promising results, mentioned principles can be seen in old city. On one hand, the existence of these principles in the old city means that the old area follows the rules of complex system theory so it emphasizes that the old area is a coherent area. On the other hand, it suggests some design principals and patterns that can be considered as a foundation for design guidelines towards cohering and coupling contemporary city. Our second contribution is a design guideline for cohering contemporary cities by connecting two adjacent areas. These guidelines are: complementarity of adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of area in its edges, reducing unlimited views, reducing parcel size of edges, reducing the distance between adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of edge parcels, priority of pedestrian movements, increasing the diversity of functions, increasing the diversity of forms, and increase the homogeneity of parcels in a street. By using these guidelines we can increase the connectivity of two adjacent areas in the first step and increase the cohesion of the whole city in the last step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Exploring the features of complexity theories in Tehran City Comprehensive Plan (2007)
Esfandiar Zebardast Mohammad Amin SaeidiTodays’ cities are accepted as dynamic and ever-changing phenomena and are classified as “complex systems” in which Planning encounters with much “uncertainties”. In this kind of systems, absolute cognition of existing condition is impossible. In complex systems, “optim MoreTodays’ cities are accepted as dynamic and ever-changing phenomena and are classified as “complex systems” in which Planning encounters with much “uncertainties”. In this kind of systems, absolute cognition of existing condition is impossible. In complex systems, “optimum” is not predictable. So, we cannot be sure about the existing condition of complex systems nor about the future and the consequences of our manipulation, then, how can we think of planning in this system? Complexity theories are about studying nonlinear dynamic complex systems. These theories deliver new approaches to study complex systems like cities. Complex systems have some common characteristics which introduces them. Openness, ever-changing, non-linear behaviors, non-equilibrium and being on the edge of chaos, self-organization, uncertainty, emergence and naturally unpredictability are some of these characteristics. Therefore, popular linear methods of planning don’t work for complex systems. In this article, eight key elements of urban planning process are proposed based on the complexity theories approaches. Qualitative prediction, gradual evolution (path dependence), actor-space relationship, actor cooperation, self-organization, inhibitor rules, ongoing evaluation, innovation and intuition are introduced with huge literature review as core characteristics of urban planning process. Afterward, in the latest Tehran master plan, use of these key words are analyzed. Summative qualitative context analyze method is used to do this. Tehran has been chosen since the importance of this city in Iran. Tehran is Iran’s capital and also economic center of Iran. It has about 8.7 million inhabitants in about 700 square kilometers area. Tehran has been known as “a problem” since more than fifty years ago. Three development plans are prepared for Tehran but problems like transportation, pollution and etc. are getting worth. Tehran is one of the most complicated cities in Iran, so, is selected as case study in this article. The latest development plan is selected because it is written that Tehran is a very complex problem in that and the plan is prepared with this consciousness. The results of the analysis show that Tehran Comprehensive Plan has not used the concept of gradual evolution, self-organization and innovation and intuition in its process of plan preparation. In the case of ongoing evaluation, just 1 process (each five years) is proposed. Cooperation (of citizens) been referred to mostly in the implementation part of the plan and not in preparation process of the plan. The concept of inhibitor rules are used in the plan, and the most refers to existing sanctioned rules, only 8 new rules are developed in the plan. Actor-space relationship is user 11 times in the plan. Qualitative prediction is used as some patterns and processes in the plan and the most are related to proposed stage. After all, it seems that eight key word proposed in this article are seldom used in Tehran comprehensive plan. In complex context of Tehran it is recommended to use complexity theory concepts to better understand the status-quo and the existing trends. Off course, this is not only the duty of preparation organizations but also all who are involved in the plan Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analysis of City-Dwelling the Growth Process of New Middle Class in Iran
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Gorbanali AghaahmadySome factors such as education, profession, social status and income determine the structure of the new middle class in today’s Iranian society. The present article attempts to analyze the relationship between city-dwelling and development of the new middle class MoreSome factors such as education, profession, social status and income determine the structure of the new middle class in today’s Iranian society. The present article attempts to analyze the relationship between city-dwelling and development of the new middle class in Iran. The urban environment has paved the way for inclination to stratification and development of a hierarchy based on criteria that are related to the social classes. The development of distribution of social work and the growth of socio-economic organizations and institutions, complex network of the spaces and social relations and the urbanization system and its rapid pace in developing countries has brought about vast influx to cities and the emergence of service, bureaucratic, and technocratic sectors, as well. The present research has been carried out taking into consideration the viewpoints of Ph.D. and M.A. students of Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch in Tehran. The present study has employed library research methods in order to identify the research variables. To produce a researcher-made questionnaire, expert opinion was obtained through Delphi method. The population of the study consists of 16179 people in 1388-89 academic year. Using Cochran formula, 443 people were chosen as the sample by means of simple random sampling technique. The study has been done using questionnaire and is based on the fuzzy logic, the Cronbach’s Alpha Index of which is 0.87. The research findings indicate that city-dwelling has paved the way for the growth of the new middle class in Iran through need for development of specialists and skill-owners, technological services, commercial and industrial capitalization, politico-urban institutions and educational systems. Therefore, it can be concluded that economic, social and cultural atmosphere has had an influential role on the development of the new middle class through attraction of population and through development of employment and need for specialized training. The findings of this article illustrate that urbanization provides an appropriate ground for the growth and development of the new middle class through creation of appropriate space for the development of specialized and service activities, creation of appropriate and inappropriate conditions in industrial and commercial investment, the transition of social relations from traditional to modern, and the development of higher education system. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the development of urban services, having the highest rate and ration, has the most important role in the development and maintenance of the new middle class (1.021). The second most important issue is the specialization of affairs in city (.913) and the last is the overall structure of the city (.913). The development of social urbanization has brought about a change in social hierarchies and people’s lifestyle. Training the individuals in higher education and their employment in bureaucratic bodies causes structural renovation of the society. In addition, the findings of the present research are in line with Fialkov’s view that dividing social work and urban techniques along with the activity of craftsmen and bourgeois pave the way for commerce and exchange because exchange with craftsmen gives birth to a new class. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Analytical Approach to Design Theories of Christopher Alexander From notes on synthesis of form and pattern language to new concepts of complexity theory
Nahid mohajeri Shiva ghomi Christopher Alexander in his scientific records displays two distinctive thinking trends. It is obvious that he would not reject his previous ideas in the context of design, but also he improving them to a better level, in su More Christopher Alexander in his scientific records displays two distinctive thinking trends. It is obvious that he would not reject his previous ideas in the context of design, but also he improving them to a better level, in such a way we could say all Alexander's work are parts of a comprehensive science. Alexander's design theories were primary founded on Cartesian rationalism. He had chosen the following method for solving design complications: Dividing them into components and solving each component separately until the ultimate solution is arrived it. After that Alexander entered an entirely different method, he has focusing on a wholeness approach. At present time, his attention is mainly directed towards experimental dimensions of design process. In this paper we will try to assess Christopher Alexander theories of design extracted from his works titled notes on synthesis of form and a pattern language to the nature of order. This article is indeed investigated ways of utilizing the design patterns which Christopher Alexander considers as a basis for understanding living spaces and future cities. Furthermore, his limitations in creation of design patterns and ways of using such patterns in order to achieve a living quality in the design of physical environment are examined. This article is made to analysis Alexander's Theories in four phases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Calculating the upper limit of calculation speed and complexity growth rate using the mathematical method of disturbance theory
hossein bagheri Mohammadreza TanhayiThe speed of calculation and the level of ability to perform calculations for a computing system are two fundamental questions in computer science. Also, the concept of complexity of performing calculations in machine language and the measure provided for complexity are MoreThe speed of calculation and the level of ability to perform calculations for a computing system are two fundamental questions in computer science. Also, the concept of complexity of performing calculations in machine language and the measure provided for complexity are important quantities. In this article, we calculate the growth rate of the complexity of performing calculations for an asynchronous oscillator by using mathematical methods and specifically using the disturbance theory. The reason for choosing an oscillator is that most physical systems can be simulated with an oscillator. Also, we calculate the maximum dynamic evolution of the quantum states that changes the computation rate, and as an important achievement of this work, we show that for even-order perturbation, the rate of complexity increases, while for odd-order perturbation, the rate We will have a decreasing behavior. This method can be considered as a theoretical model for the upper limit of calculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A path-following feasible interior-point algorithm for mixed symmetric cone linear complementarity problems
M. Zangiabadi H. Mansouri M. PirhajiIn this paper, we propose a feasible interior-point algorithm for mixed symmetric cone linear complementarity problems which are a general class of complementarity problems. The symmetrization of the search directions used in this paper is based on Nesterov and Todd sca MoreIn this paper, we propose a feasible interior-point algorithm for mixed symmetric cone linear complementarity problems which are a general class of complementarity problems. The symmetrization of the search directions used in this paper is based on Nesterov and Todd scaling scheme. By using Euclidean Jordan algebra, we prove the convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm and show that the complexity bound of the algorithm matches the currently best known iteration bound for feasible interior-point methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A full NT-step O(n) infeasible interior-point method for Cartesian P_*(k) –HLCP over symmetric cones using exponential convexity
B. Kheirfam M. HaghighiIn this paper, by using the exponential convexity property of a barrier function, we propose an infeasible interior-point method for Cartesian P_*(k) horizontal linear complementarity problem over symmetric cones. The method uses Nesterov and Todd full steps, and we pro MoreIn this paper, by using the exponential convexity property of a barrier function, we propose an infeasible interior-point method for Cartesian P_*(k) horizontal linear complementarity problem over symmetric cones. The method uses Nesterov and Todd full steps, and we prove that the proposed algorithm is well define. The iteration bound coincides with the currently best iteration bound for the Cartesian P_*(k) horizontal linear complementarity problem over symmetric cones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Examining the Reaction of Economic Complexities to Financial Stress Impulse, a Case Study of Iran
abolfazl shahabadi ثمینه ghBy studying financial crises and stress in recent years, especially in Iran, and its rapid spread and transfer to the economy, it can be seen that the effects of financial stress on macro variables in the field of knowledge-based economy have been given less attention. MoreBy studying financial crises and stress in recent years, especially in Iran, and its rapid spread and transfer to the economy, it can be seen that the effects of financial stress on macro variables in the field of knowledge-based economy have been given less attention. Therefore, the aim of this research is to estimate the response of macro variables related to the field of the knowledge economy (economic complexity index) in the face of financial stress shocks in Iran. In order to achieve this goal, the effects of systemic financial stress shocks on economic complexity and its determinants, including foreign direct investment, are evaluated during the period of 2017-2018 with the help of the Bayesian autoregression approach. The results of the study show It shows that the investigated variables, including economic complexity and foreign direct investment, react negatively to financial stress shocks in the long term, and their reaction is dampened over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Challenges of Organizational Structure in Medical Equipment Management in Iran
Lida Sadeghi SeyedJamaledin Tabibi Nader KhalesiIntroduction: The lack of a proper structure in the management of medical equipment can cause a waste of health resources. This article was written due to the importance of medical equipment in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with the aim of investig MoreIntroduction: The lack of a proper structure in the management of medical equipment can cause a waste of health resources. This article was written due to the importance of medical equipment in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of patients with the aim of investigating the challenges of the medical equipment management structure in Iran.Methods: The current research is a review study that was conducted through searching in reliable scientific sources such as Springer, Elsevier Pubmed, Google scholar and other Persian information sources such as Magiran, SID, Irandoc. Keywords such as Medical Equipment Management, Concentration, Formality and Complexity were used to search Persian & English sources.Results: The structure of medical equipment management can improve the performance of a hospital and in another sense can be the basis for the evaluation of hospital units. The performance of medical equipment in the hospital is very vital to the main mission of the hospital due to guaranteeing the patient's safety, and the weakness in the performance of this department and the lack of attention to the vital components in this department can make the hospitals face failure or ineffective performance.Conclusion: The design of the model of the management structure of government medical equipment is needed to improve the structure of the mentioned area and the optimal management of medical equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Survey of Electronic Banking Effects on Organizational Structure in Agricultural Banks
S. M. Alvani K. Heidarzadeh R. JalaliElectronic banking today allows banks to operate with speed and efficiency. The staff now is able to do bank services and processes between branch banks around the world and offer hardware and software services to customers without their physical presence MoreElectronic banking today allows banks to operate with speed and efficiency. The staff now is able to do bank services and processes between branch banks around the world and offer hardware and software services to customers without their physical presence. This makes it necessary to change organizational structure to be compatible with electronic banking. This research reviews the impact of electronic banking on the organizational structure of six aspects (organizational hierarchy, field supervision, organizational size, centralization, formality, and complexity). We use the Friedman test to measure the impact of electronic banking on organizational structure, and the result shows that the impact of E-banking on organizational structure is direct. We use the MacNemar test to test independent variable E-banking on each of the six dependent variables above. The MacNemar test result shows that each of the six dependent variables has a significant relationship to electronic banking. So that test results after collecting the questionnaire are: A – The impact of electronic banking on the organizational hierarchy is direct and has resulted in reducing organizational hierarchy in agricultural banks. B – Implementation of electronic banking has resulted in increasing field monitoring. C – Implementation of electronic banking has resulted in reducing the organizational size of the agricultural bank. D – Electronic banking has caused the decentralization of activities in agricultural banks. E – E-banking has been caused less organizational complexity in agricultural banks. F – Implementation of electronic banking has resulted in less formality in agricultural bank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Electronic Contracts in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law in Iran
Kamran Khani Naser MarivaniWith establishment speed of computer systems, people in modern society are increasingly dependent on hardware and software systems. And when the demand for computer systems increased, the possibility of crisis and failure of the computer will increase. Thus, the reliabi MoreWith establishment speed of computer systems, people in modern society are increasingly dependent on hardware and software systems. And when the demand for computer systems increased, the possibility of crisis and failure of the computer will increase. Thus, the reliability of computer systems has become a key concern for our life. According to The IEEE defines, software reliability is probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. The problem is that currently most accurate method of software has error, and unfortunately still cannot completely prevent all errors. And software maintenance cost and elimination of errors is expensive, and even because of these reasons may be allowed error to remain in the system. This has reduced the reliability of the software. Previous solutions and procedures to enhance software assurance in various elimination forecasting and fault tolerance techniques has problems such as the complexity of formal methods (nominal) single version and version redundancy techniques, testing costs and the reuse of software code changes. The aim of this study is provide a method to increase software reliability and redundancy without the complexity of the software. In this study emphasize on the use of the capabilities inherent in the algorithm to reduce the complexity of software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Relation between Culture and Complexity of Organizational Structure A Case Study of IRIB Radio
محسن قدمی اسماعیل مرزبان مینا قدمیIntroduction and Research Goal: Given increasing dissemination rate and volume of information and, hence, rapid speeds of social and economic changes nowadays, organizations are consistently faced with complicated missions and challenges. Therefore, to reach their goals MoreIntroduction and Research Goal: Given increasing dissemination rate and volume of information and, hence, rapid speeds of social and economic changes nowadays, organizations are consistently faced with complicated missions and challenges. Therefore, to reach their goals and obtain their objectives in the global competition arena, organizations have no options but respond properly to these transformations and integrate their operations by practicing a dynamic and flexible structure. Culture as one of the most significant factors affecting all organizations provides an opportunity for them to move towards achieving more flexibility and patternability. In other words, finding any solutions for consistency and uniformity within an organization (designing structure and determining methods of managing human resources) depends on culture. Method: The present study aims to examine the relationship between “culture and its dimensions” based on Edgar Shine Model and “complexity of organizational structure” at three levels, i.e. horizontal, vertical and geographical based on Richard L. Deft Model. This research has a main hypothesis and nine sub-hypotheses which are developed based on the study’s conceptual model. The data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed at two levels, i.e. descriptively and deductively. At the description level, data (extracted from general questions) were presented in form of frequencies, percentage and charts. At the deduction level, data were analyzed using SPSS output and then Alpha Cronbach coefficient as well as Spearman coefficient were used to ratify or reject the hypotheses. Findings: The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between “culture” and “complexity of structure”. There is a relatively insignificant relationship between “culture artifacts and culture’s main assumptions” and “complexity of structure”. There’s a relatively very significant relationship between “culture’s main assumptions” and “complexity of structure”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Role Of Geopolitics Of Information In The Design Of Modern Combat Strategy.
mohammadreza ahmadiyaghin Qiuomars Yazdanpanah Dero mahmood vasegh mohammad hassan namiInformation geopolitics examines the tensions arising from the power of information and effective communication in the political space and analyzes its hidden aspects in information knowledge and aristocracy, and describes the power of public opinion persuasion. The inf MoreInformation geopolitics examines the tensions arising from the power of information and effective communication in the political space and analyzes its hidden aspects in information knowledge and aristocracy, and describes the power of public opinion persuasion. The information revolution has led to the arrival of new actors, transformations and changes in the equations of power, and to the complication of relations, and finally to the emergence of a hybrid war. Now, in this situation, how can modern and efficient combat strategies be achieved by relying on appropriate intelligence power? According to the appropriate solution, complete and strategic intelligence aristocracy is based on the effective factors in the areas involved in the hybrid war and the formation of strategic alliances based on the long-term goals of the actors. The method of library analytical research is to explain the relationship between the geopolitical components of information and hybrid warfare. According to the theory of chaos complexity, strategic stability based on information geopolitics is the basis for maintaining balance and control of war in which political units are not able to start a large-scale war against each other and prevent conflicts from turning into direct war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analytical Analysis the Impact of Economic Complexity Index & Business Strategies on Firms’ Capital Expenditure under Iran's Vision Plan
Mohammad HassaniThis research analyzed the impact of economic complexity index & business strategies on firms’ capital expenditure analytically. The importance of this study is consistent to Iran's vision plan goals which in achieving to economic growth & development, usi MoreThis research analyzed the impact of economic complexity index & business strategies on firms’ capital expenditure analytically. The importance of this study is consistent to Iran's vision plan goals which in achieving to economic growth & development, using advanced knowledge and ability to use new sciences & technologies require appropriate investment decisions at micro level. Research population includes 166 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange over the period March 2012 till March 2018. Research Hypotheses investigated by using multivariate regression models based on panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method. Research findings showed that more economic complexity index lead to managers to invest more because of reaction to economic environment conditions. Also, defensive strategy had meaningful and negative impact, but prospective strategy had meaningful and positive impact on firms’ capital expenditure. However, analytic strategy had on impact on firms’ capital expenditure. Complementary evidences illustrated that interaction between defensive strategy and economic complexity index had meaningful and negative impact, but interaction between prospective strategy and economic complexity index had meaningful and positive impact on firms’ capital expenditure. However, interaction between analytic strategy and economic complexity index had on impact on firms’ capital expenditure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Explain the relationship between the complexity of financial reports used by investors and corporate governance in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
gholam reza biglarkhai Ghodratallah TalebniaToday, discussions and concerns about the complexity of financial reporting systems around the world have become increasingly important for investors and other users of financial reporting, and the issue of financial reporting complexity is one of the most important con MoreToday, discussions and concerns about the complexity of financial reporting systems around the world have become increasingly important for investors and other users of financial reporting, and the issue of financial reporting complexity is one of the most important concerns of investors, legislators, auditors, stockbrokers. There are different securities and organizations, to which different factors depend. The role of corporate governance, which increases the power of reliance on financial reporting, is important in addition to discussing the complexities of financial reporting. The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between the complexity of financial reporting and corporate governance in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, using the ten-year information of the financial statements of the sample companies listed on the stock exchange, which were selected by elimination during the years 1389 to 1398, and using statistical and econometric software, we examined the hypotheses explained for this study. The results of hypothesis testing in this study show that there is an inverse and significant relationship between the complexity of financial reports with corporate governance in companies and by applying more corporate governance mechanisms, the complexity and ambiguities in financial reporting are reduced and lead to improved capabilities. Understand these reports for investors and other users of corporate financial information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The effect of job complexity, auditor's job rating and acceptance of inefficient behavior on audit judgment: the moderating role of independence
shahrzad aghamohamadi arezoo aghaei chadeganiThe main purpose of the current research is the impact of work complexity, auditor's job rating and acceptance of inefficient behavior on audit judgment: the moderating role of independence. The statistical population of this research includes all auditors working in au MoreThe main purpose of the current research is the impact of work complexity, auditor's job rating and acceptance of inefficient behavior on audit judgment: the moderating role of independence. The statistical population of this research includes all auditors working in audit institutions and audit organizations in Iran. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 192 people was considered. The data needed to examine and analyze the research hypotheses were collected through a standard questionnaire, and path analysis regression with SmartPLS software was used to examine the relationships between variables.The results of the research showed that the interactive variable of independence* work complexity which has a significance level of 0.036 and less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the independence variable can moderate the relationship between work complexity and audit judgment and work complexity It has a positive and significant effect on audit judgment. Therefore, hypothesis H1 is accepted in this study. The interactive variable of independence* the auditor's job rating, which has a significance level of 0.042 and less than 0.05, it can be concluded that the independence variable can adjust the auditor's job rating with audit judgment, therefore, hypothesis H2 in this research accepted. The interactive variable of independence* acceptance of inefficient behavior which has a significance level of 0.020 and less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that independence can moderate the relationship between acceptance of inefficient behavior and audit judgment, therefore, hypothesis H3 in this The research has been accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Impact of Readers Theatre on the Development of Preintermediate Iranian EFL Learners’ Oral Proficiency
Mina Boroojerdi Moghadam Hamid Reza Haghverdi -
Open Access Article
22 - A Study of Syntactic Complexity via Coh-Metrix: Similarities and Differences of Ph.D. Dissertations Written by Iranian University Students and English Native Speakers
Masoud Azadnia Ahmadreza Lotfi Reza Biria -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Flipped Classroom on EFL Learners' Speaking Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency: A Mixed-Methods Study
Maedeh Davari Behdokht Mall-Amiri -
Open Access Article
24 - A Comparative Study of the Effects of the TBLT Method and ENGAGE Model on Iranian EFL Learners' CAF in Writing Performance
Javad Gholami Mohaddeseh Salimpoor Aghdam Mahnaz SaediThe ever-growing needs for writing ability in English in the global context has given priority to finding more effective ways to teach L2 writing. A thorough analysis of the pertinent literature indicated a dearth of empirical research in ELT regarding the effect of app MoreThe ever-growing needs for writing ability in English in the global context has given priority to finding more effective ways to teach L2 writing. A thorough analysis of the pertinent literature indicated a dearth of empirical research in ELT regarding the effect of applying the ENGAGE model on the writing skills of L2 learners. Therefore, the current study sought to ascertain how the ENGAGE Model and Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) method affected the complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) of Iranian EFL learners' writing performance. Sixty-seven Iranian female EFL learners aged 18 to 25 at Urmia University language center were chosen for the quasi-experimental study based on their level of proficiency on the standard Oxford Quick Placement Test (OPT) in 2022. The participants were randomly divided into three groups and instructed based on the principles of the ENGAGE model (n = 22), TBLT model (n = 24), and control group (n = 21). Pretesting, intervention, and post-testing were all the processes that the study participants underwent. The null hypotheses were tested after the data were analyzed by applying multivariate ANCOVA (MANCOVA) measures. The study of the post-test data revealed that the ENGAGE model, as opposed to TBLT, had a more significant effect on the overall L2 CAF in Iranian EFL learners' ability to write essays. The results of the present study can be applied by ELT experts and curriculum designers in EFL and ESL settings. English learners and instructors can use the ENGAGE model to address linguistic and metalinguistic issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Centroid Distance Shape Recognition for Real Time Low Complexity Traffic Sign Recognition
Hamidreza Emami Ramin Shaghaghi Kandowan Seyyed Abolfazl Hosseini -
Open Access Article
26 - Comparison of Standards Digital Audio Encoders LPC, CELP, and MELP based on the Quality and Complexity of the Content in the Transmitted
Saeed Talati Pouriya Etezadifar Mohammad Reza Hassani Ahangar Mahdi MolazadeThis article compares the quality and complexity of LPC, CELP, and MELP standard audio encoders. These standards are based on linear predictive and are used in sound (speech) processing. These standards are powerful high-quality speech coding methods that provide highly MoreThis article compares the quality and complexity of LPC, CELP, and MELP standard audio encoders. These standards are based on linear predictive and are used in sound (speech) processing. These standards are powerful high-quality speech coding methods that provide highly accurate estimates of audio parameters and are widely used in the commercial (mobile) and military (NATO) communications industries. To compare LPC, CELP, and MELP audio encoders in two male and female voice modes and four voice models: quiet, Audio recorded without sound by the microphone, MCE, office, and two noise models 1% and 05% were used. The simulation results show the complexity of MELP is higher than LPC and CELP in terms of both processor and memory requirements. The MELP analyzer requires 72% of its total processing time. This additional memory is, of course, due to the vector quantization tables that MELP uses for the linear spectral frequencies (LSFs) and the Fourier magnitude. Also, according to the quality comparison test using the MOS index, MELP has the highest score, followed by CELP and LPC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Investigating the Reaction of Economic Complexity to Information and Communication Technology Shocks in Iran(Using the Vector auto Regressive Model)
Ashkan RahimzadehIntroduction With the characteristics of knowledge, information and communication technology creates spillover effects in production and causes economic complexity. This technology has advantages such as reducing costs, overcoming geographical boundaries, increasing th MoreIntroduction With the characteristics of knowledge, information and communication technology creates spillover effects in production and causes economic complexity. This technology has advantages such as reducing costs, overcoming geographical boundaries, increasing the flow of information, ensuring transactions due to quick access to information and increasing competitiveness. Method The statistical data used in this research is from the World Bank and the MIT University website during the years 2000-2020, and Eviews software was used to estimate the proposed model. In this research, the vector auto regressive model is used, and according to the Schwartz Bayesian criterion, the optimal interval is determined. To perform the cointegration test, Johansen's cointegration test is used. In the inference related to a vector auto regressive model, attention is paid to shock response functions and variance decomposition. A shock response separates the components of the endogenous variables into shocks with mutations to specific variables. We examine the impact of this shock over a 10-year plan. Results The time series data of this study are all stationary and based on the Schwartz-Bayesian criterion, the optimal interval is one. The results of the Johansen test indicate the existence of a long-term relationship between the research variables and the estimate shows the positive impact of Internet users and the import of ICT goods on economic complexity in the long term. The F statistic in the estimation of the research model based on vector auto regressive is significant and 87% of the economic complexity changes are explained by the model variables. The impact of the ICT product import shock on economic complexity is positive in all years and this impact is positive for Internet users in all years except the second to third year. Also, the effect of variance analysis of economic complexity shows that the import of ICT goods and Internet users has a positive role in explaining the changes of economic complexity and the share of import of the desired goods is higher. Discussion This research states that if the economy can transfer a large amount of knowledge and skills to Internet users in the form of large networks of people, and also the necessary platforms are provided through ICT products, which are important in this field, a diverse set of Knowledge goods are produced and a more complex economy is obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Many algorithms for approximation of restrained 2-rainbow domination in GP(n,5)
Mojtaba Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
29 - A Comparative-Historical Study of the Role of the Emergence of Urban Space in the Prevention of Theft Crimes (Case Study: Samen District of Mashhad)
Hadi Sarvari farid bashian Seyede Elahe Rezvanian -
Open Access Article
30 - Identification of industrial investment opportunities with economic complexity. A case study of selected provinces (West Adarbaijan, Ilam, Kurdistan and Kermanshah).
Shadi Ghiasi Heirsh soltanpanah adel fatemiThe importance of industrialization in any society is such that many economists consider industrial development as the main development factor of a country. The industrial sector is able to play a key role in providing many necessities of human life and the economic gro MoreThe importance of industrialization in any society is such that many economists consider industrial development as the main development factor of a country. The industrial sector is able to play a key role in providing many necessities of human life and the economic growth of societies by taking advantage of concentrated physical capital, natural resources and raw materials, manpower and technical knowledge. The scarcity of financial resources in Iran's economy has intensified in the last few years, and the optimal direction of limited funds and the correct selection of economic sectors for investment is a necessary thing, and the industrial planning of regions within the framework of a systemic approach is to determine the growth pattern for that region in accordance with its potentials. It is of special importance. In this article, by applying the theory of product space and network science and using information related to the production structure of selected provinces of Iran in the years 2013-2017 related to thirty-two products based on ISIC codes, it has been tried in a systematic approach to produce products with an obvious relative advantage. The selected provinces of Iran have been identified and the path and roadmap of industrial development of these provinces have been drawn. Then, the probability of diversification of products without revealed relative advantage was calculated for all the selected provinces and the industrial development path of the selected provinces was determined based on the greedy strategy. The results of the research showed that among the 32 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Application of Economic Complexity Theory in Industrial Policy Making
انور خسروی Heirsh SoltanpanahThis study,, Application of Economic Complexity Theory in Industrial Policy Making, aims to study the economic growth process.Complex economics provides a powerful and universal tool for understanding key economic and social issues and related challenges. The basic idea MoreThis study,, Application of Economic Complexity Theory in Industrial Policy Making, aims to study the economic growth process.Complex economics provides a powerful and universal tool for understanding key economic and social issues and related challenges. The basic idea is that economic growth and development, environmental sustainability, income inequality and spatial inequality are visible outcomes of latent systemic relationships. The study of economic complexity aims to understand the structure of these interactions and how various socioeconomic processes are formed. This emerging field relies heavily on machine learning and network science techniques. The purpose of this article is to examine the applications of economic complexity to its application in various fields, including industrial policy. The results of this survey show that over the past decade, despite some criticism, techniques for measuring economic complexity and related indicators have evolved into a well-known method for planning industrial policy at the international and national levels (states and cities).Keywords: Economic complexity, industrial policy, network science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Application of Economic Complexity Theory in Industrial Policy Making
Anvar Khosravi Heirsh SoltanpanahComplex economics provides a powerful and universal tool for understanding key economic and social issues and related challenges. The basic idea is that economic growth and development, environmental sustainability, income inequality and spatial inequality are visible o MoreComplex economics provides a powerful and universal tool for understanding key economic and social issues and related challenges. The basic idea is that economic growth and development, environmental sustainability, income inequality and spatial inequality are visible outcomes of latent systemic relationships. The study of economic complexity aims to understand the structure of these interactions and how various socioeconomic processes are formed. This emerging field relies heavily on machine learning and network science techniques. The purpose of this article is to examine the applications of economic complexity to its application in various fields, including industrial policy. The results of this survey show that over the past decade, despite some criticism, techniques for measuring economic complexity and related indicators have evolved into a well-known method for planning industrial policy at the international and national levels (states and cities). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Particle swarm optimization in optimal control problems for Car on a constrained piecewise affine hill
Ahmad Kia Kojouri Javad MashayekhiFardIn spite of all the Demonstrate Prescient Control (MPC) based arrangement preferences such as ensuring soundness, the most impediment such as an exponential development of the number of the polyhedral locale by expanding the expectation skyline exists. This causes an in MoreIn spite of all the Demonstrate Prescient Control (MPC) based arrangement preferences such as ensuring soundness, the most impediment such as an exponential development of the number of the polyhedral locale by expanding the expectation skyline exists. This causes an increase in the computation complexity of control law. In this paper, we consider the arrangement to ideal control issues for constrained piecewise affine systems based on demonstrating predictive control. After that, we utilize particle swarm optimization calculation to complexity diminishment of arrangement and alter the framework execution. In truth the point of the paper is twofold. To begin with, we consider the hypothetical comes about on the structure of the control law. At the minute, we portray how the complexity of deciding control law can be capable of decreased and moving forward system execution at the same time by utilizing particle swarm optimization. The considered calculation is associated with a Car on a constrained piecewise affine hill and the result is shown to the advantage of our analysis. The objective of the car is to climb to the top of a steep slope and then preserve its position at the top (the beginning), without falling from the piecewise affine environment. The number of control law polyhedrals diminishes from 129 to 25. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The impact of economic complexity and trade openness on gross domestic product growth in oil-producing countries
Tayebeh Shahriyar Somaye Shokravi -
Open Access Article
35 - A Study on Pakdasht’s Schools from Complexity, Centrality and Formality Perspective
Serveh Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
36 - An Introduction to the Concept of Specialization in Archeological Studies
Hamidreza ValipourStudying technological and economical specialization in the prehistoric societies, as well as the way of understanding the same specialization, their measurements and Scales from the remaining evidences have faced a large number of difficulties. The term 'specialization MoreStudying technological and economical specialization in the prehistoric societies, as well as the way of understanding the same specialization, their measurements and Scales from the remaining evidences have faced a large number of difficulties. The term 'specialization' as a significant subject along with the economy of the prehistoric societies has long been regarded by anthropologists and archaeologists. The definition of the term, its origins, and the archaeological interpretation of this form of production organization has always been focused since 1960s. Archaeological researchers might lose the track in their interpretations of data without having clear standards for recognizing specialization lacking a lucid understanding of the term. Archaeologists delineate the origins of specialization using three models: 1. Commercial development model, 2. Adaptive model, 3. Political model. The given models indicate different approaches to the concept of studying specialization in archaeology. Such approaches are connected to the cultural, social, and economical evolution in prehistoric societies. In this paper, the concept and facets of craft specialization, production organization, standardization, styles, labor investment, the standards and methods of specialization have been concentrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Socio-Political Complexity Process in Elamite World
Abbas AlizadehIn the numerous books and articles written on the Elamites, scholars rarely, if ever, have advanced any hypothesis on the formation of the early Elamite state organizations and how these organizations and the archaeological and historical landscapes of Elam, both in the MoreIn the numerous books and articles written on the Elamites, scholars rarely, if ever, have advanced any hypothesis on the formation of the early Elamite state organizations and how these organizations and the archaeological and historical landscapes of Elam, both in the highlands and lowlands, have differed from the contemporary political landscape of their Mesopotamian neighbors. Similarity, scholars simply ignore the tremendous difference between the natural landscape of Elam and southern Mesopotamia. This article focuses on these differences and traces them from the prehistoric era to the time when the long-lasting Elamite state was eclipsed in the first millennium BC. In doing so, the author pays close attention to the broad patterns revealed in the numerous archaeological surveys in southwestern Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Exclusionary Decision Making in Tehran Metropolitan Region- Complexity, Self organization and Power of Action
Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour Atefeh Soleimani Roudi -
Open Access Article
39 - On Complex Systems and Structure of Emergence in Games- A Survey
Hassan Rashidi Latifeh Pour Mohammad Bagher -
Open Access Article
40 - Designing a model of complexity drivers effective in evaluating the performance of complex Iranian government organizations
ebrahim sahraee Naser Poursadegh Naser Hamidi Ali MohtashamiAbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this MoreAbstractThe present study by identifying and determining the drivers of complexity affecting the performance of complex government organizations, the researcher designed a paradigm model of complexity drivers and defines complex government organizations. To achieve this, it conducts research using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher uses open source, axial and selective data method to analyze the interview data. To validate the initial model, the quantitative method "Content Validity Evaluation of CVR" has been used. After validation, 123 focal variables were identified in the form (causal conditions of 14 categories, phenomena 13, action / interaction 21, consequences 14, intervening conditions 39 and context 22 categories) with these drivers paradigm model of complexity drivers in evaluating the performance of organizations The Iranian government complex was designed. As can be seen in the research model, the focal categories of intervention conditions as drivers of legal complexity and the underlying categories of drivers as bedridden complexity drivers with the impact on the action / interaction and consequences of the model cause organizational performance complexity that should be evaluated. The performance of these organizations should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - بررسی تأثیر استراتژی سازماندهنده گرافیکی بر بهبود پیچیدگی عملکرد نوشتاری زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی متوسطه ایرانی
مریم حسن پور فاطمه میرزاپوردر فرآیند آموزش، نوشتن نقش بسزایی دارد که به وسیله آن می توان دانش آموزان را ارزیابی کرد. با در نظر گرفتن این موضوع، هدف این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر استراتژی سازماندهنده گرافیکی بر بهبود پیچیدگی عملکرد نوشتاری زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی متوسطه ایرانی بود. از آزمون مقدماتی زبان Moreدر فرآیند آموزش، نوشتن نقش بسزایی دارد که به وسیله آن می توان دانش آموزان را ارزیابی کرد. با در نظر گرفتن این موضوع، هدف این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر استراتژی سازماندهنده گرافیکی بر بهبود پیچیدگی عملکرد نوشتاری زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی متوسطه ایرانی بود. از آزمون مقدماتی زبان انگلیسی برای انتخاب 40 زبان آموز زبان انگلیسی متوسط به عنوان شرکت کننده در این پژوهش استفاده شد. سپس به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. قبل از درمان، از شرکت کنندگان هر دو گروه یک پیش آزمون برای افشای توانایی نوشتن اولیه آنها داده شد. پس از اجرای راهبردهای سازماندهنده گرافیکی برای گروه آزمایش و روش سنتی برای گروه کنترل، پسآزمون برای بررسی تأثیر مواد اجرا شد. برای بررسی موثر بودن درمان از آزمون t-test نمونه مستقل استفاده شد. همچنین برای تعیین میزان پیشرفت بین پیش آزمون و پس آزمون گروه آزمایش از آزمون تی زوجی استفاده شد. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که راهبردهای سازماندهنده گرافیکی، پیچیدگی عملکرد نوشتاری یادگیرندگان را بهبود میبخشد. این یافته ها پیامدهایی برای طراحان برنامه درسی و مواد، توسعه دهندگان آزمون، معلمان و تمرین دانش آموزان در کلاس های درس EFL/ESL دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - ارتقا عملکرد کلامی از طریق پرسشگری تلفیقی: ایا برای انتقال پذیری فرا حوزه ای یادگیری موثر واقع میشود؟
محمد رضا ملاحسینی داود مشهدی حیدربا توجه به اهمیت و ماهیت دشوار مهارت گفتاری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان بیگانه و نیز به دلیل فقدان وجود اتفاق نظر در خصوص پذیرش و یا رد مفهوم قابلیت انتقال پذیری یادگیری پژوهش حاضربه ارایه مدلی ابداعی جهت تدریس مهارت های شناختی بر مبنای پرسشگری تلفیقی به منظور ارتقای مها Moreبا توجه به اهمیت و ماهیت دشوار مهارت گفتاری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان بیگانه و نیز به دلیل فقدان وجود اتفاق نظر در خصوص پذیرش و یا رد مفهوم قابلیت انتقال پذیری یادگیری پژوهش حاضربه ارایه مدلی ابداعی جهت تدریس مهارت های شناختی بر مبنای پرسشگری تلفیقی به منظور ارتقای مهارت گفتاری پرداخته است. این مدل متشکل از شش مرحله بوده و یک محیط اموزشی فعل و انفعالی غنی را خلق می کند تا به ارزیابی کارامدی ان در ارتقای مهارت کلامی زبان اموزان بیگانه زبان انگلیسی و نیز اثرات انتقالی بین حوزه ای ان بپردازد.بدین منظور عملکرد شصت شرکت کننده در این پژوهش در جریان اجرای درسکار روایی شفاهی قبل و پس از دوره مداخله سیزده جلسه ای مورد مقایسه و بررسی قرار گرفت.تدریس گروه تجربی با بهره گیری از مدل ابداعی تلفیقی بوده در حالی که گروه کنترل از روش تدریس مجزای سنتی برخوردار بودند.نتایج حاصله از ازمون تی مستقل حاکی از انست که مداخله اعمال شده در گروه تجربی تاثیر مثبت داشته است چراکه انها در مقایسه با گروه کنترل در زمینه پیچیدگی دستوری و لغوی مهارت گفتاری عملکرد بهتری از خود نشان دادند اگرچه این نکته در زمینه صحت توصیف گفتاری صدق نمیکند.همچنین یافته های این پژوهش بیانگر انست که اثرات مثبت مداخله ابداعی پرسشگری به عملکرد شرکت کنندگان در اجرای یک درسکار متاخر در حوزه ای ورای محیط اموزشی زبان اموزی منتقل شده است هر چند این انتقال پذیری یادگیری در مورد همه معیارهای سنجش مهارت کلامی شرکت کنندگان مشهود نیست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - تأتیر پیچیدگی شرایط و دشواری فعالیتهای کلاسی بر صحت دستوری نگارش زبانآموزان ایرانی
سعیده آهنگری مهلقا اکبریچکیده روشهای مختلف آموزشی همواره سعی در کمک به زبانآموزان در آموزش زبان داشتهاند.نتایج تحقیق ارزش و تأثیر بهکارکیری انواع فعالیتهای کلاسی را در پیشبرد صحت نوشتاری زبانآموزان کمتأثیر و بیاهمیت جلوه دادهاند.بنابراین، این تحقیق سعی بر آن دارد تا اینکه شرایط استف Moreچکیده روشهای مختلف آموزشی همواره سعی در کمک به زبانآموزان در آموزش زبان داشتهاند.نتایج تحقیق ارزش و تأثیر بهکارکیری انواع فعالیتهای کلاسی را در پیشبرد صحت نوشتاری زبانآموزان کمتأثیر و بیاهمیت جلوه دادهاند.بنابراین، این تحقیق سعی بر آن دارد تا اینکه شرایط استفاده درست از زمان گذشتهساده (صحت نوشتاری) را بر اساس پیچیدگی فعالیتها (نوع فعالیت: then-&-there;now-&here) شرایط فعالیت (جنسیت: مؤنث و مذکر) و دشواری فعالیت (سطحآموزشی:مبتدی و متوسط)بسنجد.ازاینرو 60 زبانآموز از آموزشگاه گلدیس برای شرکت در این تحقیق بهطور اتفاقی برگزیده شدهاند. افراد تحقیق به چهار گروه مبتدی مؤنث-مبتدی مذکر-متوسط مؤنث-متوسط مذکر طبقهبندی شدهاند.برای سنجش همگنی اولیه هر دو گروه در سطوح مختلفآموزشی دو نوع آزمون استاندارد بهکارگرفته شده است: برای گروه مبتدیKET و برای گروه متوسطPET. در گروهnow-&-Hereزبانآموزان در رابطه با یک تصویر ارایهشده داستانی نوشتندودر گروه then-&-there در رابطه با جشن تولد خود مطلبی نوشنتند. سپس نوشتار دو گروه از نظر استفاده صحیح زمان گذشته با هم مقایسه گردید.نتایج تحقیق بهدست آمده تفاوت معنیداری در هر دو گروه مؤنث و مذکر با توجه به سطح و نوع فعالیت آموزشی نشان دادهاند.این تحقیق دارای یافتههای آموزشی مفیدی در رابطه با ارتباط بین پیچیدگی فعالیتها، شرایط فعالیت و دشواری فعالیت و یادگیری مهارتهای مختلف زبان دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - تاثیر نوع فعالیت کلاسی وشرایط طرح ریزی قبل از فعالیت بر میزان صحت نوشتاردانشجویان سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی
سید محمد علوی نرجس اشعری تبارروش تدریس مبتنی بر فعالیت کلاسی که از فراگیران زبان میخواهد که فعالیتهای کلاسی را انجام دهند که مشابه نیازهای زبانی در دنیای واقعی آنهاست٬ فراگیران را ملزم به طرح ریزی در مراحل مختلف یادگیری می کند. از آنجائی که در آموزش فعالیت-محورمی توان انواع مختلف فعالیت Moreروش تدریس مبتنی بر فعالیت کلاسی که از فراگیران زبان میخواهد که فعالیتهای کلاسی را انجام دهند که مشابه نیازهای زبانی در دنیای واقعی آنهاست٬ فراگیران را ملزم به طرح ریزی در مراحل مختلف یادگیری می کند. از آنجائی که در آموزش فعالیت-محورمی توان انواع مختلف فعالیت کلاسی را بکار گرفت٬ تحقیق حاضر٬ تأثیر نوع فعالیتها وساختار متفاوت مشارکت ضمن طرح ریزی پیش از فعالیت را بر میزان صحت نوشتار فراگیران مورد بررسی قرار داده است. جهت نیل به این هدف٬ محقق 120 نفرازدانشجویان سطح متوسط زبان انگلیسی را بطور اتفاقی در سه گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل قرار داد. در حالیکه گروههای آزمایشی تحت شرایط متفاوت طرح ریزی قبل از فعالیت (یعنی: طرح ریزی فردی٬ دونفره وگروهی) قرار گرفتند٬ گروه کنترل بدون زمانی برای طرح ریزی٬ فعالیتهای کلاسی را انجام دادند. طی دوره آموزش٬ فراگیران مدل انجام شده فعالیت مشابه را دریافت کردند٬ دو نوع فعالیت کلاسی (یعنی: فعالیت ازنوع توصیفی ونوع تصمیم گیری) به آنها ارائه شد وتوسط دانشجویان تکمیل گردید. تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده ازطریق روش آماری ANOVA نشان داد که نوع فعالیت کلاسی وشرایط طرح ریزی پیش از فعالیت بر میزان صحت نوشتارشرکت کنندگان درتحقیق به گونه ای تأثیر گذاشت که درهمه گروههای آزمایشی٬ میزان صحت بالاتری درحین انجام فعالیت تصمیم گیری مشاهده شد. این امر تضمین کننده کارآیی این شیوه آموزشی در کاهش مشکل ریشه دار فراگیران زبان انگلیسی در دست یابی به میزان صحت گرامری بالاترحین پرداختن به یک فعالیت خاص می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - بکارگیری آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه بر پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان
حمید مرعشی اعظم چیذریهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه بر پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان انگلیسی بود. بدین منظور، 60 زبان آموز سطح متوسط از میان 100 زبان آموز بر اساس نحوه پاسخگویی خود به یک آزمون نمونه پایلوت شده PET انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه بر پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان انگلیسی بود. بدین منظور، 60 زبان آموز سطح متوسط از میان 100 زبان آموز بر اساس نحوه پاسخگویی خود به یک آزمون نمونه پایلوت شده PET انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به 2 گروه آزمایشی و کنترل متشکل از 30 زبان آموز در هر گروه تقسیم شدند. هر 2 گروه تحت یک میزان آموزش در طی 17 جلسه قرار گرفنتد و گروه آزمایشی آموزش مبتنی بر سخن کاوی نقادانه را تجربه کردند. در پایان، هر 2 گروه در پس آزمون یکسان شرکت کردند و میانگینهای آنان از طریق آنالیز چندمتغیره واریانس مقایسه گردید و نتیجه آن که هر 3 فرضیه رد شدند و ثابت شد که پیچیدگی ساختاری، صحت و روانی نگارش زبان آموزان گروه آزمایشی به میزان معناداری بهتر از گروه کنترل بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - تاثیر آموزش فراشناختی و طراحی برپیچیدگی دستوری گفتار شفاهی زبان آموزان ایرانی
پرویز بیرجندی زهره سیفورینتایج حاصل از تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینه آموزش زبان دوم اهمیت راهبردهای فراشناختی نظیر طراحی گفتار در بهبود صحت دستوری، روانی و پیچیدگی گفتاررا مورد تاکید قرار می دهد. تحقیقات نشانگرتاثیر مثبت طراحی گفتار بر روانی و پیچیدگی گفتار است در حالیکه نتایج متفاوتی در مورد تاثی Moreنتایج حاصل از تحقیقات انجام شده در زمینه آموزش زبان دوم اهمیت راهبردهای فراشناختی نظیر طراحی گفتار در بهبود صحت دستوری، روانی و پیچیدگی گفتاررا مورد تاکید قرار می دهد. تحقیقات نشانگرتاثیر مثبت طراحی گفتار بر روانی و پیچیدگی گفتار است در حالیکه نتایج متفاوتی در مورد تاثیرطراحی گفتار بر صحت دستوری مشاهده شده است. تحقیق حاضر احتمال بهبود پیچیدگی گفتار 114 زبان آموز ایرانی را از طریق آموزش فراشناختی در سه سطح طراحی قبل از انجام کار ، حین انجام کار، و طراحی توام قبل و حین انجام کار مورد بررسی قرار داده است. داده های تحقیق با استفاده از طرح عاملی با دو سطح آموزش فراشناختی و سه سطح طراحی گردآوری و تحلیل شده است. بنا بر نتایج آزمون تی نمونه های مستقل و تحلیل واریانس،. هیچیک از متغیرهای مستقل بر پیچیدگی گفتار زبان آموزان تاثیر گذار نبود. به نظر می آید پیچیدگی گفتار زبان آموزان ایرانی متاثر از سطح مهارت زبانی آنان و اهداف آموزشی است که بر اساس نگرش خویش برای خود تعیین می نمایند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - بهبود عملکرد داستانگویی شفاهی زبان آموزان سطح متوسط ایرانی از نظر صحت دستوری، روانی وپیچیدگی با ا یجاد آگاهی معنایی از طریق فیلدهای معنای
بهزاد محمودی سعیده اهنگری مهناز سعیدیتاثیرات تکنیکهای ایجاد آگاهی معنایی بر عملکرد فراگیران زبان بوسیله محققان زیادی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی اثرات ایجاد انگیزش آگاهی معنایی از طریق فیلدهای معنایی بر عملکرد وظیفه محور شفاهی در زبان آموزان سطح متوسط ایرانی می پردازد. افرتد شرکت Moreتاثیرات تکنیکهای ایجاد آگاهی معنایی بر عملکرد فراگیران زبان بوسیله محققان زیادی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر به بررسی اثرات ایجاد انگیزش آگاهی معنایی از طریق فیلدهای معنایی بر عملکرد وظیفه محور شفاهی در زبان آموزان سطح متوسط ایرانی می پردازد. افرتد شرکت کننده در این تحقیق شامل 40 زبان آموز سطح متوسط می باشد که همگنی اولیه آنها از لحاظ مهارت زبانی از طریق یک آزمون زبان عمومی سنجیده شد. سپس شرکت کنندگان به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند که هر گروه شامل 20 نفر زبان آموز می شد. سپس یک پیش آزمون که متشکل از یک داستان کوتاه تصویری بود به عمل آمد. زبان آموزان باید داستان کوتاه را بر اساس مجموعه تصاویرارایه شده به صورت شفاهی بازگو می کردند. مدت تحقیق 17 جلسه تدریس بود که در هر جلسه، شرکنندگان درگروه آزمایش، تکنیک مربوط به آگاهی معنایی را دریافت می کردند. آگاهی نحوی از طریق تکنیک " فیلدهای معنایی" اعمال می شد. درست بعد از سپری شدن زمان آزمایش، آزمونی به عمل آمد که متشکل از یک داستان تصویری برای بیان شفاهی بود. دقت شد تا سطح دشواری داستان منطبق با سطح زبان در زبان آموزان باشد. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل آماری نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان در گروه آزمایش نسبت به گروه کنترل در بیان شفاهی وظیفه محور داستان از نظر مهارت زبانی عمکرد بهتری داشتند. نتایج این تحقیق می تواند راه را برای تحقیقات آینده در حوزه انگیزش آگاهی زبانی در زبان آموزان باز نموده و برای زبان آموزان، معلمین و مولفین کتابهای درسی مثمرثمر باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - مقایسه اثر فعالیتهای درونداد و برونداد هم سطح با دانش فراگیر در کیفیت و دقت گفتار زبانآموزان ایرانی
امید طباطبایی معصومه یخ آبیهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر فعالیتهای درونداد و برونداد هم سطح با دانش فعلی فراگیر بر کیفیت و دقت گفتار زبان آموزان ایرانی میباشد. شرکتکنندگان این تحقیق به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه دریافتکننده درونداد، تولیدکننده برونداد و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. این تحقیق شامل دو فا Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر فعالیتهای درونداد و برونداد هم سطح با دانش فعلی فراگیر بر کیفیت و دقت گفتار زبان آموزان ایرانی میباشد. شرکتکنندگان این تحقیق به صورت تصادفی به سه گروه دریافتکننده درونداد، تولیدکننده برونداد و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. این تحقیق شامل دو فاز (مرحله) پیش فعالیت و مرحله فعالیت اصلی بود. در مرحله پیش فعالیت، گروه دریافتکننده درونداد، درونداد هم سطح با دانش فعلی خود را دریافت نمود و گروه برونداد، برونداد هم سطح با دانش فعلی تولید نمود. در مرحله فاز اصلی تمام شرکتکنندگان مونولوگهایی را ارائه دادند که به صورت جداگانه توسط محققان ضبط شده و بعد به صورت نوشتاری در آمد و سپس براساس میزان دقت و کیفیت گفتار کدگذاری شده و در آخر نمرهدهی شد.نتایج حاصل بیانگر این بود که فعالیتهای درونداد و برونداد هم سطح با دانش کنونی فراگیر هر دو سبب بهبودی دقت و کیفیت گفتار شدند ولیکن در این زمینه هیچ یک بر دیگری برتری نداشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - رابطه ی بین دقت، پیچیدگی و صحت در مهارت گفتاری در سطحوح مختلف
کاظم نجمی مسعود سیری غلامرضا عباسیانمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه بین سه مؤلفه CAF در عملکرد گفتار انجام شد. به منظور دستیابی به هدف فوق ، 60 شرکت کننده از 90 نفر انتخاب شدند که 21 نفردر سطح مقدماتی ، 20 نفر در سطح میانی و 19 شرکت کننده در سطح پیشرفته از طریق آزمون قرارگیری آکسفورد انتخاب شدند. از شرکت ک Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه بین سه مؤلفه CAF در عملکرد گفتار انجام شد. به منظور دستیابی به هدف فوق ، 60 شرکت کننده از 90 نفر انتخاب شدند که 21 نفردر سطح مقدماتی ، 20 نفر در سطح میانی و 19 شرکت کننده در سطح پیشرفته از طریق آزمون قرارگیری آکسفورد انتخاب شدند. از شرکت کنندگان انتخاب شده خواسته شد تکالیفی را در پیچیدگی های مختلف کاری (کم ، متوسط و زیاد) انجام دهند و میزان پیچیدگی ، دقت و تسلط گفتاری آنها (CAF) اندازه گیری و تجزیه و تحلیل شدد. درصد بدون خطای هر واحد زبانی برای دقت، برای پیچیدگی گرامری ، نسبت نوع-نشان. برای پیچیدگی واژگان ، تعداد کل نشانه ها (کلمات) / کل زمان تکلیف (در چند دقیقه) برای اندازه گیری تسلط مورد استفاده قرار گرفته شد. نتایج حاصل، رابط مثبت و معنی داری بین پیچیدگی ، دقت و تسلط در عملکرد شفاهی را نشان داد. در حقیقت ، یافته های این مطالعه مخالف فرضیه جایگزینی Skehan بود. علاوه بر این، نتایج نشان داد که سطح مهارت زبان آموزان تأثیر معنا داری بر پیچیدگی، دقت و تسلط نیز دارد. یافته های این مطالعه پیامدهای آموزشی را برای مربیان زبان ، طراحان برنامه درسی و سنجش زبان ارائه می دهد. سرانجام ، برخی از پیشنهادات برای تحقیقات بیشتر ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Impact of Portfolio Assessment on the Accuracy and Complexity of TEFL Postgraduate Students’ Writing
Zohreh SeifooriThis quasi-experimental study examined the impact of portfolio assessment (PA) on the accuracy and complexity of postgraduate TEFL students’ writing. It was hypothesized that engaging learners in the process of assessing their performance can focus their attention MoreThis quasi-experimental study examined the impact of portfolio assessment (PA) on the accuracy and complexity of postgraduate TEFL students’ writing. It was hypothesized that engaging learners in the process of assessing their performance can focus their attention on formal and textual features and thereby promote their writing. 40 intermediate TEFL postgraduate students, selected from a population of 50 taking the “Advanced Writing Course” at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, participated in the study and were randomly assigned as the control and experimental groups after their homogeneity was assessed based on a Preliminary English Test (PET) and a writing test. Both groups received process-oriented instruction based on the same teaching materials for 12 sessions and underwent a process-oriented teaching approach complemented by interactive feedback, peer-editing, and teacher’s feedback on their writing samples. The experimental group was additionally engaged in weekly PA of their wiring. The paired samples t-test analysis of their writing post-test revealed that the experimental group surpassed the control group and produced more accurate and complex texts. The results accentuate the significance of engaging postgraduate TEFL students not only in the learning process but also in the process of evaluating their own progress over time, and offer pedagogical implications Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Computing the Optimal Solution of Technology Selection Model with Fuzzy Data
Sahand Daneshvar Sahar KhoshfetratThis paper introduces a method to find the optimal solution of technology selection model with fuzzy data. The paper suggests a simple computational method to obtain the optimal solution of fuzzy linear programming (LP) problem used in technology selection without the n MoreThis paper introduces a method to find the optimal solution of technology selection model with fuzzy data. The paper suggests a simple computational method to obtain the optimal solution of fuzzy linear programming (LP) problem used in technology selection without the need for solving any fuzzy LP. Clearly the contribution of this research is that it reduces the fuzzy computational complexity, which is significant when dealing with more complex computations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - A study of the relation between organizational agility dimensions and the productivity of Dana insurance company employees in East Azarbaijan province
Soleyman Iranzadeh Negar alsadat Mesbahi Abdolhossin Shokri Raheim EbrahimiNowadays the organizational agility is an important factor in advancing the goals of organization, increasing productivity and employees' morale, promoting the level of organizational commitment, mental and physical health, and life satisfaction among the employees. The MoreNowadays the organizational agility is an important factor in advancing the goals of organization, increasing productivity and employees' morale, promoting the level of organizational commitment, mental and physical health, and life satisfaction among the employees. The main goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the man-power productivity which is an effective element in the organization, and organizational agility which is a new Paradigm in achieving success and in line with variations. The research method was descriptive-correlation survey. The statistical population included all the employees in Dana insurance company in East Azarbaijan which added up to 120 people. Using Morgan's table the sample size was 92 people. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. To gather the data the standard organizational agility and man-power productivity questionnaires were used. The results showed that there was a significant positive difference relation between the organizational agility and productivity of Dana insurance company employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluating Supply Network Efficiency by Using Social Networks Analysis (Case Study: Tractor Motor Manufacturing Company)
Morteza Mahmodzadeh Amir LalehThe Supply network Viewpoint obliges the companies to expand theScope and network of their business activities that need management. Thecomplexity of these activities has increased with the globalization of thenetworks and the geographical diversity of the participants MoreThe Supply network Viewpoint obliges the companies to expand theScope and network of their business activities that need management. Thecomplexity of these activities has increased with the globalization of thenetworks and the geographical diversity of the participants and customers ,so their management has become more difficult . During the past yearsnumerous researches have acknowledged the inefficiency of the previousmethods in studying the complexity of supply chain as well as their inabilityin identifying the presence of suppliers on various layers of supply networkand have emphasized the necessity of using social networks analysis instudying the complexity of supply chain . The present article has surveyedthe supply network of Tractor Motor Manufacturing company by usingsocial networks analysis method and has come to the conclusion that thisnetwork contains several structural ruptures , that Motor Manufacturingcompany possesses a high level of bargaining against suppliers , and that thenetwork has a low innovative power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The effect of Auditor Effort, Specialization and Size on the Auditor Performance with an emphasis on the Complexity Environment
Rasoul baradaran Hasanzadeh Hassan SafirAbstractThis research is an investigation the effect of Auditor Effort, Specialization and Size on the Auditor Performance with an emphasis on the Complexity Environment of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The goal of this present research is application MoreAbstractThis research is an investigation the effect of Auditor Effort, Specialization and Size on the Auditor Performance with an emphasis on the Complexity Environment of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The goal of this present research is application and the type of research methodology is causal. Statistic population is firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, and using systematic elimination sampling method, were selected as sample 128 firms, and time period has been during the years 2008 to 2014. The method used for information gathering is library research and this test hypotheses, we used of multivariate linear regression. The results of this research show that the Auditor Effort and Auditor Size has not effect on Abnormal Accruals and the Auditor Specialization has positive and significant effect on Abnormal Accruals. Complexity Environment has positive and significant effect on Abnormal Accruals. Also, Complexity Environment has not effect on the relationship between Auditor Effort, Specialization and Size with Abnormal Accruals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effects of Immersive Learning and Communicative Language Teaching on the Oral Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency of Iranian EFL Learners with Expressive Language Disorder
Mojgan Khaki Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Sajad Shafiee -
Open Access Article
56 - تأثیر نوشتن مشارکتی با واسطه ویکی بر پیچی دگی، دقت و روانی نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایران ی زبان انگلیسی متوسط
Zeinab Cheraghpour Nafiseh Hosseinpour Sajad Shafieeاین مطالعه بررسی کرد که چگونه نوشتن آنلاین مشارکتی با استفاده از ویکیها بر پیچیدگی، دقت و روانی زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی زبانآموزان ایرانی تأثیر میگذارد. مهارت زبان 75 زبان آموز EFL بر اساس عملکرد آنها در آزمون قرار دادن سریع آکسفورد (OQPT) سنجیده شد. آنها زبان آموزا Moreاین مطالعه بررسی کرد که چگونه نوشتن آنلاین مشارکتی با استفاده از ویکیها بر پیچیدگی، دقت و روانی زبانآموزان زبان انگلیسی زبانآموزان ایرانی تأثیر میگذارد. مهارت زبان 75 زبان آموز EFL بر اساس عملکرد آنها در آزمون قرار دادن سریع آکسفورد (OQPT) سنجیده شد. آنها زبان آموزان متوسطه مرد و زن زبان انگلیسی بودند که در سه مؤسسه زبان در شهرکرد، ایران، انگلیسی می خواندند. سپس شرکت کنندگان به طور تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند: یک گروه ویکی (WG) و یک گروه کنترل (CG). پس از آن، به فراگیران گروه های کنترل و آزمایش به عنوان پیش آزمون یک دستور علت و معلولی داده شد و پیچیدگی، دقت و روانی نوشتاری آنها با استفاده از معیارهای CAF ارزیابی شد. پس از انجام پیش آزمون، شرکت کنندگان در گروه آزمایشی دوره آموزشی شش هفته ای را در محیط مشارکتی ویکی آغاز کردند. همان مواد آموزشی و رویهها به گروه کنترل اما در یک محیط غیر مشارکتی و حضوری ارائه شد. مشابه پیش آزمون نوشتاری، در پایان مداخله از هر دو گروه پس آزمون نوشتاری داده شد و نوشته ها نمره گذاری شدند. در مقایسه با روش مرسوم، نتایج بهدستآمده نشان داد که روش آموزشی از طریق ویکی در افزایش مهارتهای نوشتاری مفید و مؤثر است. این نتیجه با نظریه هایی که از رویکردهای مبتنی بر فناوری در تنظیمات نوشتن EFL پشتیبانی می کنند، سازگار است. نتیجه اصلی این تحقیق این است که سهولت و ماندگاری آموزش و یادگیری نوشتار به طور قابل توجهی و معنادار تحت تأثیر کنترل یادگیری به زبان آموزان از طریق ویکی است. در واقع، با پرورش فرهنگ همکاری و همکاری برای توسعه نوشتن، معلمان زبان انگلیسی می توانند به دانش آموزان کمک کنند تا مهارت های نوشتاری خود را با استفاده از ویکی ها بهبود بخشند Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Application of Task Complexity Along +/- single Task Dimension and its Effect on Fluency in Writing Performance of Iranian EFL Learners
Siros Izadpanah Esmaeil Shajeri -
Open Access Article
58 - Task Condition and L2 oral Performance: Investigating the Combined Effects of Online Planning and Immediacy
Masoud Saeedi -
Open Access Article
59 - The Relationship between EFL Learners’ Anxiety and Writing Complexity
Fariba Mohebbi Maryam Azarnoosh Seyed Jalal Abdolmanafi Rokni -
Open Access Article
60 - Exploring the Role of Cognitive and Procedural Task Complexity in EFL Learners' Attention to L2 System and Form-focused Self-repairs
Ahmad Reza Jafari Akbar Afghari Mansour Koosha -
Open Access Article
61 - Impact of Computer Concept-Mapping Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Performance: Complexity and accuracy in focus
Jamshid Mashhadi Hossein Ahmadi Payman Rajabi -
Open Access Article
62 - SHAD Social Network and EFL Learners' Writing Complexity & Accuracy
Neda Fatehi Rad Najme Khadem Hosseini -
Open Access Article
63 - The Impact of Dynamic Written Corrective Feedback on the Accuracy of English Passive Voice Usage in Foreign Language Narrative Writing
Victoria Sayad Deghatkar Mohammad Reza Khodareza Valeh Valipour -
Open Access Article
64 - Investigating the effect of accounting information complexity on the speed of adjusting the optimal capital structure in Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Hossein mohamadi Sedigheh pendarAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the complexity of accounting information on the speed of adjustment of the optimal capital structure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the complexity of accounting informat MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the complexity of accounting information on the speed of adjustment of the optimal capital structure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, the complexity of accounting information was selected as an independent variable and two criteria of "consolidated financial statements and a variety of products or services" were used to measure it. Also, the rate of adjustment of the optimal capital structure was selected as a dependent variable and the Partial Adjustment Model by Flannery and Rangan (2006) was used to estimate it. The statistical population of this study was all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample of the study included 119 companies active in various industries during the years 2012 to 2019. The research method was correlational and to test the hypotheses, the ordinary least squares regression method and panel data and Stata14 software were used. The results indicate that the complexity of accounting information has a negative and significant effect on the speed of adjustment of the optimal capital structure in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In interpreting this result, it can be said that increasing the ambiguity and complexity of accounting information in financial statements will reduce the speed of adjusting the movement of companies towards the optimal capital structure.Keywords: the complexity of accounting information, capital structure, optimal capital structure, adjustment of capital structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Dynamic Assessment in L2 Writing Performance: the Case of Iranian EFL Learners
Aysheh Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
66 - Complementary Relationship between Dynamic Assessment and Traditional Testing
Ogholgol NazariThere have been different approaches to assess students’ learning in language teaching classes. Traditional standardized testing and dynamic assessment have been used in language classes. While traditional testing is considered a product-oriented approach, dynamic MoreThere have been different approaches to assess students’ learning in language teaching classes. Traditional standardized testing and dynamic assessment have been used in language classes. While traditional testing is considered a product-oriented approach, dynamic assessment is believed to focus on the process of learning and assist it. Existing literature is replete with different definitions of dynamic assessment. However, different attempts in defining dynamic assessment mainly contrast it with traditional testing. This has resulted in the conception that these two approaches are contradictory and their complementary relationship is not well acknowledged. This article, taking a postmodernist perspective, in general, chaotic/complexity view point in particular, and advocating a relativistic perspective, is an attempt to highlight the complementary relationship between these two approaches i.e., traditional testing and dynamic assessment. In so doing, it deals with defining and comparing these two approaches and considers two views on their relationship including their contradictory and complementary relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Considering the Criteria interdependency in the Matrix Approach to Robustness Analysis with Applying Fuzzy ANP
Ali Sorourkhah Seyyed Ahmad Edalatpanah -
Open Access Article
68 - Representation of e-learning in student metaphors
Maryam Baradaran Haghir Zynab KaramkhaniThe purpose of this study is to provide students with conceptual metaphors about e-learning to provide a deep and multifaceted understanding of how students feel about e-learning in the situation. For this purpose, in this qualitative study, with 51 students (42 females MoreThe purpose of this study is to provide students with conceptual metaphors about e-learning to provide a deep and multifaceted understanding of how students feel about e-learning in the situation. For this purpose, in this qualitative study, with 51 students (42 females and 9 males) in the field of educational sciences who during the academic year 1399-99 in the method of e-learning on the campus of Imam Sadegh (AS) University and Mazandaran University are They were educated, interviewed. The prepared questions were given to the participants through messengers so that they could express their perception of e-learning before and after the course and recount the positive and negative experiences and possible metaphors formed. Finally, the findings were extracted from the analysis and meaning of the concepts that sometimes referred to metaphors, sometimes explicitly and sometimes covertly. The findings showed ten metaphors that were classified into three approaches: positive, negative and neutral to e-learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Structural Complexity and Modern patterns in hegemonic war
Abomohammad Asgarkhani omid asiabanHegemonic wars have transformed their essence due to systemic changes. The concept of structural complexity has been utilized as a theoretical framework for research to explain the new patterns of hegemonic warfare. Structural complexity includes principles such as emer MoreHegemonic wars have transformed their essence due to systemic changes. The concept of structural complexity has been utilized as a theoretical framework for research to explain the new patterns of hegemonic warfare. Structural complexity includes principles such as emergent properties, nonlinear dynamics, adaptation, downward causality, network diffusion, non-equilibrium order, and self-regulatory mechanism. In the present study, the question was addressed as what the effects of structural complexity are on new patterns of hegemonic warfare in the modern international system. This research method consisted of two steps; in the first step, a theoretical and analytical model of structural complexity based on deductive inference was presented; in the second step, the time series analysis method was used to examine the historical trend of hegemonic wars as experimental data. According to the hypothesis of this research, the situation of structural complexity in the international system has caused profound changes in an important variable such as international order. The intellectual hegemony of the United States with the dimensions of productive, institutional, structural, and compulsory power in the war against the networks of civilization and identity is challenging in Russia, Iran, and China. Hence, hegemonic wars occur in the discourse, military, economic, and technological dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - بررسی تاثیر خود پنداره علمی بر پیچیدگی نحوی مهارت صحبت کردن فراگیران ایرانی زبان انگلیسی
عاطفه نیکوبینهدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی تأثیر خودپنداره علمی بر پیچیدگی نحوی مهارت گفتاری در میان دانشجویان دوره متوسطه-بالای زبان انگلیسی در ایران است. نمونه ای شامل 45 دانش آموز دختر و پسربود که در یک مؤسسه خصوصی در اصفهان مشغول به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی بودند. برای جمع آوری اطلاعا Moreهدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی تأثیر خودپنداره علمی بر پیچیدگی نحوی مهارت گفتاری در میان دانشجویان دوره متوسطه-بالای زبان انگلیسی در ایران است. نمونه ای شامل 45 دانش آموز دختر و پسربود که در یک مؤسسه خصوصی در اصفهان مشغول به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی بودند. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات در مورد خودپنداره علمی دانشجویان، پرسشنامه خودپنداره علمی لیو و وانگ (2005) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. این پرسشنامه شامل 20 آیتم است و پاسخ ها در یک مقیاس پنجگانه لیکرت ساخته شده است. برای بدست آوردن اطلاعات در مورد پیچیدگی نحوی دانش آموزان در صحبت کردن، از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد تا برای آزمون زبان (روایت داستان) شرکت کنند و عملکرد صحبت آنها با ضبط صوت دیجیتال برای تجزیه و تحلیل بعدی ثبت شد. آزمون t مستقل برای تعیین اینکه آیا اختلاف آماری معنی داراز نظرپیچیدگی نحوی بین گروه خودپنداره علمی بالا و گروه خودپنداره علمی کم در صحبت کردن وجود دارد، انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که گروه خودپنداره علمی بالا به طور معنی داری در سه بعد از پیچیدگی نحوی از جمله طول جملات، شبه جملات وابسته، و درجه ساختارهای حرفه ای برتری داشت. با این حال، در مورد شبه جملات همسان، نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین دانش آموزان در گروه خودپنداره علمی بالا و گروه خودپنداره علمی کم وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Linear Programming, the Simplex Algorithm and Simple Polytopes
Das Bhusan Biswal Bagaban J.P Tripathy -
Open Access Article
72 - Entropy Measures of Irregularity and Complexity for Surface Electrocardiogram Time Series in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Chandrakar Kamath -
Open Access Article
73 - Complexity-Measure-Based Approach To Detect Life Threatening Cardiac Arrhythmias Using First-Order Difference Of Electrocardiogram Signals
Chandrakar Kamath -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluation of reliability of object-oriented systems based on Cohesion and Coupling Fuzzy computing
Samira Kalantari Masoomeh Alizadeh Homayoun Motameni -
Open Access Article
75 - A multi agent method for cell formation with uncertain situation, based on information theory
N Javid A Makui -
Open Access Article
76 - A survey on Comparison Of Structural Constraints And Quality Management In Libraries of BuAli Sina University And Hamedan University Of Medical Sciences
Zohre Bahari Movafag Yadolah Hamidi Anahita GittyPurpose: This Study Aimed To Compare The Structural Barriers To Implementation Of Quality Management In Libraries Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan University Of Medical Sciences. Methodology: The Research method was descriptive – analytical. The research populat MorePurpose: This Study Aimed To Compare The Structural Barriers To Implementation Of Quality Management In Libraries Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan University Of Medical Sciences. Methodology: The Research method was descriptive – analytical. The research population were Managers And Staff In Libraries of Hamedan Mediacal University And Bou Ali Sina. A questionnaire was used to collect data that was consisting of 29 questions (10 questions official, 9 questions and 10 questions focusing on complexity). After completing the questionnaire, collected data were analyzed using statistical software Spss. The analysis is based on statistical hypothesis testing comparing K 2a And the following statistics were performed. Findings: Recognition of the University Of Bu-Ali Sina was 47.3 and 52.7 complexity In Medical University was 46.4 And 53.6 In Bou-Ali Sina University, focus In Medical University was 46.3 and 53.7 In Bou-Ali Sina University, In Medical University recognizes mean was 2.84 And Sd 60. complexity with mean was 2.35 and Sd 47. the mean concentrations Of 2.89 And Sd 70.Bu Ali Sina University recognized with mean 3 And Sd 48., complexity with mean 2.029, and Sd 49, concentration with mean 2.35 aAnd Sd 98. Conclusion: The data analyzed in this study, total quality management at medical university of structural barriers minimum 2.47 and the greatest barrier in Bu Ali Sina Rate Was 2.71.The amount of obstacles is less. The environment suitable for quality management. Therefore, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences Is eligible for quality management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Impact of Structure Complexity on Employees' Social Responsibility Dimensions (Case Study: Sharif University of Technology)
Hossein Keramat Mojtaba AmirySocial responsibility is recognized as one of the most important elements of the existential philosophy of organizations. Social responsibility and its observance by organizations can have a positive effect on the performance of organizations in a way that significantly MoreSocial responsibility is recognized as one of the most important elements of the existential philosophy of organizations. Social responsibility and its observance by organizations can have a positive effect on the performance of organizations in a way that significantly affects the organizational commitment of employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational complexity on the dimensions of social responsibility in Sharif University of Technology. The present study was a descriptive-correlational study in terms of applied purpose and method in terms of method, which was conducted as a survey. Measurement tools included Robbins (1998) Structural Dimensions Questionnaire and Carroll Organization (1991) Social Responsibility Questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was 1200 employees (faculty and non-faculty) of Sharif University that 291 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression parametric test and SPSS software. The results showed that the organizational dimension of organizational complexity has a positive and direct effect on moral, economic and social responsibility dimensions. Complexity also has a negative and inverse effect on the legal dimension and a negative and inverse effect on the voluntary responsibility dimension of social responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Measuring the Complexity Index of the Value-Added Taxation System in the Tax Affairs Organization of Tehran
Ali i BaghanThe main objective of this research is to measure the complexity of the value-added tax system in the tax affairs organization of Tehran during the first half of 2013. To collect theoretical foundations of this study, a library method was used and a researcher-made ques MoreThe main objective of this research is to measure the complexity of the value-added tax system in the tax affairs organization of Tehran during the first half of 2013. To collect theoretical foundations of this study, a library method was used and a researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting statistical data. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for validity and reliability of the questionnaire. For data analysis, Levin tests, mean test of two groups, Friedman test, and spss21 software were used. The results of statistical data analysis at the 95% confidence level show that the effect of factors affecting the complexity of value-added tax in the domain of legal and real persons is significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Investigion Internal Properties in the Quality of Financial Reporting of Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Younes Nobakht Mohammad Hasan Janani MohammadReza Moazzami GoodarziThe research related to domestic companies listed in Tehran stock exchange for the five internal characteristics of quality financial reporting has been investigated. Statistical community, all companies listed in Tehran stock exchange isachieved by the systematic remov MoreThe research related to domestic companies listed in Tehran stock exchange for the five internal characteristics of quality financial reporting has been investigated. Statistical community, all companies listed in Tehran stock exchange isachieved by the systematic removal of sample of 84 companies to be selected and Time periods from 1387 to 1392 is investigated. For doing this research from methods of causal - comparative advantage is solidarity. The study analyzed data from the Inter regression methods were used. Results of hypothesis testing research shows The quality financial reporting of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange whit size, the investment in non-current assets, complexity of the environment activity company Direct relationship and whit operating cycle Inverse relationship has been established In this study, there character between the quality of financial reporting and financial leverage has not established any relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - تأثیر پیچیدگی شناختی تکالیف بر عملکرد نوشتاری فردی و مشارکتی زبان آموزان
Afsane Motallebi Moghaddam Faramarz Azizmalayeri Abbas Bayatدر چند دهه اخیر، تکالیف به عنوان واحد اساسی در فرآیند طراحی برنامه درسی و پیچیدگی شناختی تکالیف به عنوان معیاری اساسی در توالی کارها، توجه محققان زبان را به خود جلب کرده است. در عین حال، به دلیل تمرکز محققان بر نظریه اجتماعی-فرهنگی پیشنهاد شده توسط ویگوتسکی (1978)، اجرا Moreدر چند دهه اخیر، تکالیف به عنوان واحد اساسی در فرآیند طراحی برنامه درسی و پیچیدگی شناختی تکالیف به عنوان معیاری اساسی در توالی کارها، توجه محققان زبان را به خود جلب کرده است. در عین حال، به دلیل تمرکز محققان بر نظریه اجتماعی-فرهنگی پیشنهاد شده توسط ویگوتسکی (1978)، اجرای کار مشارکتی تشویق شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر پیچیدگی شناختی تکلیف بر عملکرد نوشتاری فردی و مشارکتی زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی از نظر پیچیدگی، دقت و روانی انجام شد. برای تحقق چنین هدفی، از بین دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک که دو دوره گرامر عمومی انگلیسی را در دو ترم متوالی گذرانده بودند، 70 زبان آموز ایرانی مرد و زن سطح متوسط از طریق آزمون تعیین سطح آکسفورد به عنوان شرکت کننده انتخاب شدند. از آنها خواسته شد تا برخی از تکالیف نوشتاری را هم به صورت فردی و هم به صورت مشترک انجام دهند، در حالی که پیچیدگی شناختی تکالیف (یعنی نیازهای استدلال و برنامه ریزی) توسط محقق دستکاری شده بود. تجزیه و تحلیل تولیدات نوشتاری آنها نشان داد هنگام نوشتن به صورت انفرادی، بدون برنامه ریزی در دسترس، زبان آموزان متون پیچیده تری را در کارهای پیچیده خود و متن های روان تری را در کارهای ساده خود تولید می کنند و هنگام نوشتن مشترک، با مقداری زمان برنامه ریزی در دسترس، آنها را می نویسند. همچنین، در تکالیف پیچیده خود متون روان تری تولید می کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Effect of Task Sequencing on the Writing Fluency of English as Foreign Language Learners
Laleh Fakhraee Faruji Farid Ghaemi -
Open Access Article
82 - The Impact of Mediational Artifact Types on EFL Learners’ Writing Complexity: Collaboration vs. Asynchronous Artifacts
Nasibe Bagherpour Mojgan Rashtchi Parviz Birjandi -
Open Access Article
83 - Impact of Dynamic Assessment on the Writing Performance of English as Foreign Language Learners in Asynchronous Web 2.0 and Face-to-face Environments
Zohreh Zafarani Parviz Maftoon -
Open Access Article
84 - Students’ Oral Assessment Considering Various Task Dimensions and Difficulty Factors
Houman Bijani Adnan Satariyan -
Open Access Article
85 - Universal Grammar and Chaos/Complexity Theory: Where Do They Meet And Where Do They Cross?
Marzieh Bagherkazemi Bahram Mowlaie -
Open Access Article
86 - EFL Textbooks, L2 Contacts, and Teacher Self-Efficacy: Impact on Learners’ Development of Oral Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency
Manoochehr Jafarigohar Mehdi Karami zia Tajeddin Afsar Rouhi -
Open Access Article
87 - The Interactive Effect of Entrepreneurship and Financial Development on Economic Complexity
Abolfazl Shah-abadi Samineh Ghasemifar Somieh Sadat HajmousaviAbstractEconomic complexity indicates the amount of productive knowledge within a country and the ability to use that knowledge to produce goods with more diversity and less ubiquity, which ultimately increases national competitiveness in the global arena and accelerate MoreAbstractEconomic complexity indicates the amount of productive knowledge within a country and the ability to use that knowledge to produce goods with more diversity and less ubiquity, which ultimately increases national competitiveness in the global arena and accelerates the process of achieving economic growth and development. Therefore, determining the factors affecting it - especially in developing countries - is of great importance. In this regard, the present study, by approaching panel data and using the generalized moment method, has determined the interactive effect of entrepreneurship and financial development on economic complexity in two groups of developing and developed selected countries during the period 2014-2019. Estimated results showed that the dimensions of entrepreneurship, including attitudes, abilities & aspirations of entrepreneurial, as well as financial development have a positive and significant effect on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries. However, the estimated coefficient of these variables is larger for developing countries. In addition, the three dimensions of entrepreneurship and financial development have a positive and significant interactive effect on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries. Finally, the effect of the control variables of natural resource abundance and intellectual property rights on economic complexity in both groups of selected countries respectively are negative and significant and positive and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The Effect of Economic Complexity on Income Inequality in Selected Developing Countries; Dynamic Panel Approach
علی حسنوند محمد شریف کریمی علی فلاحتی آزاد خانزادیAbstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources a MoreAbstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources and the improvement of the quality of productive institutions and the formation of productive production structures that diversify goods and save on production costs and earn more income and affect income distribution and welfare. Brings with it social. Given the importance of income distribution in the economy, this study uses the approach of economic complexity and dynamic Generalized Method of Moments, method to investigate the effect of economic complexity on income inequality in a selection of developing countries during the period 1995-2020. According to the results, with increasing economic complexity in developing countries, income distribution has become more unfair. The imbalance of income distribution in these countries is due to the concentration of assets, capital and production activities in the hands of a particular group, as well as the existence of cultural, social, gender, etc. inequalities and rents created as a result of this inequality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - بررسی تاثیر پیچیدگی و عدم اطمینان محیطی برصحت پیش بینی سود مدیریت با تاکید بر کیفیت حسابرسی به عنوان متغیر میانجی
زینب محمدیان مهدی حیدری پری چالاکی -
Open Access Article
90 - Comparing the speed and time of association extraction from database with cuckoo search and genetic algorithms
Payam Abdolmohammadi Roham Farahani -
Open Access Article
91 - A ($2-\varepsilon$)-approximation ratio for vertex cover problem on special graphs
N. Yekezare M. Zohrehbandian M. Maghasedi -
Open Access Article
92 - Topological spaces induced by homotopic distance
T. Vergili A. Borat -
Open Access Article
93 - Topological complexities of finite digital images
M. Is I. Karaca -
Open Access Article
94 - Determining the export priorities of Iran's petrochemical products to member countries of ECOTA and Eurasia trade agreements
فرزاد کریمی maryam rashidinia hassan ghorbani dinaniThe most important relative advantage of Iran has been the export of crude oil and natural gas for a long time. Considering the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant impact on Iran's susta MoreThe most important relative advantage of Iran has been the export of crude oil and natural gas for a long time. Considering the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant impact on Iran's sustainable growth. One of the solutions is to infiltrate the downstream industries of these products, the most important of which is the development of the petrochemical industry. In this sense, since the expansion of export markets is considered as one of the important strategies in the field of marketing, the aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the export opportunities of Iran's petrochemical industry products by developing an integrated decision support model - economic complexity, in five countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union. It includes Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia, and the member countries of ECOTA trade agreements include Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkey.the current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection, and a mixed type of research. The statistical population of the research was formed by the member countries of ECO and Eurasia trade agreements during the period of 2014 to 2021. First, in order to identify the factors affecting the development of export opportunities, using a questionnaire and a fuzzy Delphi model, based on the opinions of experts working in the private sector and petrochemical companies, experts working in specialized government jobs of the Ministry of Health, and academic experts, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The role of Strategic Thinking in Structural Complexity of an Organization
hamidreza ghasemi masoume feyziThe strategic thinking is considered as the core of creating a competitive advantage in an environment that its feature is complexity of constant change. Nowadays strategic thinking is known as a trump card in various field of economic and social object. They have MoreThe strategic thinking is considered as the core of creating a competitive advantage in an environment that its feature is complexity of constant change. Nowadays strategic thinking is known as a trump card in various field of economic and social object. They have emphasized more on this point that senior managers must be equipped with an important tool which is called strategic thinking.This research investigates the role of strategic thinking in structural complexity, and effects of these factors to each others. Causative research has been done by means of questions including 50 questions and sample size of 327 in Hepco Company of Arak. Analysis of information has been carried out by multivariate regression equation and Structural equation. Common aspect of these two analyses can be considered as the main findings of this research. Findings showed that systematic approach, hypothetic-centered have had significant effect on vertical and horizontal separation. But components of intellectual opportunism and thinking over the time have not had significant effect on vertical and horizontal complexity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Effect of IT on Organizational Structure (Case study: Refah bank in Guilan)
Afshin Mirmasoudi Yaghob Farjami Alireza Pourebrahimi -
Open Access Article
97 - A Comparative Analysis of Digital Audio Encoders: LPC, CELP, and MELP, Evaluating Quality and Complexity of Transmitted Content
Saeed Talati Pouria Etezadifar Mohammad Reza Hassani Ahangar Mahdi MolazadeThis article compares the quality and complexity of LPC, CELP, and MELP standard audio encoders. These standards are based on linear predictive and are used in sound (speech) processing. These standards are powerful high-quality speech coding methods that provide highly MoreThis article compares the quality and complexity of LPC, CELP, and MELP standard audio encoders. These standards are based on linear predictive and are used in sound (speech) processing. These standards are powerful high-quality speech coding methods that provide highly accurate estimates of audio parameters and are widely used in the commercial (mobile) and military (NATO) communications industries. To compare LPC, CELP, and MELP audio encoders in two male and female voice modes and four voice models: quiet, Audio recorded without sound by the microphone, MCE, office, and two noise models 1% and 05% were used. The simulation results show the complexity of MELP is higher than LPC and CELP in terms of both processor and memory requirements. The MELP analyzer requires 72% of its total processing time. This additional memory is, due to the vector quantization tables MELP uses for the linear spectral frequencies (LSFs) and the Fourier magnitude. Also, According to the quality comparison test using the MOS index, MELP has the highest score, followed by CELP and LPC Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The impact of interactionist vs. interventionist dynamic assessment on writing fluency and complexity of young vs. adult IELTS candidates
Leyli Kashef Naser Ghafouri Akbar Valizadeh OghaniAccording to sociocultural theory, dynamic assessment (DA) merges instruction and assessment. This study attempted to compare the effects of interactionist versus interventionist DA on the writing fluency and complexity of adult versus young IELTS candidates in an inter MoreAccording to sociocultural theory, dynamic assessment (DA) merges instruction and assessment. This study attempted to compare the effects of interactionist versus interventionist DA on the writing fluency and complexity of adult versus young IELTS candidates in an international language school in Tehran with the age range of 15-48. One hundred and forty students (90 males and 50 females) who had enrolled in the IELTS preparation course in the spring of 2021 participated in this study. The study participants were divided into four groups namely, young interactionist, young interventionist, adult interactionist, and adult interventionist. The participants in all groups were homogenized based on the result of their performance in a standard version of Preliminary English Test (PET). During the eight-week treatment period, the interactionist groups were given writing tests followed by the instructor’s feedback and guidance, while the interventionist groups received instructions and were given writing test samples without qualitative feedback. The pre-test and post-test comparisons among the four groups by Two Way ANCOVA showed that both young and adult individuals in the interactionist groups had a significant improvement in their writing performance compared to those in the interventionist group. In addition, the study revealed the significant impact of interactionist DA vs. interventionist DA on both young and adult participants' scores in both writing fluency and complexity post-test. Likewise, the results showed no statistically significant interaction between the type of assessment and the candidates’ age. The study presents pedagogical implications for teachers, students, and IELTS preparation program designers. Manuscript profile
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