• List of Articles فنول

      • Open Access Article

        1 - ارزیابی و شناسایی ترکیب‌های شیمیایی موجود در مواد استخراجی چوب راش توسط کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیف‏سنجی جرمی
        سید خلیل حسینی هاشمی لیلا آقازاده افشین رجبی خرمی غزاله ارشدی نیا
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      • Open Access Article

        2 - تعیین عناصر معدنی دو گونه مرتعی در مراحل مختلف فنولوژیک در مراتع استان یزد
        علی بمان میرجلیلی قدرت الله حیدری
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        3 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Roasted and Unroasted Coffee Extracts
        Sahar Khorsand Manesh Mehrada Ghavami Behzad Bazyar
        Introduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic ac More
        Introduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic acids. The object of this research is to study the antioxidant activities of coffee extracts. Materials and Methods: In this research work coffee extracts were obtained by hexane and isopropanol after three hours of extraction period. The extracts yields and total phenolic compounds were determined using Folin ciocalteu method. The hexanolic and isoporopanolic extracts of both roasted and unroasted coffee from two varieties of coffee (Arabica, Robusta) were added to tallow at different concentrations. Peroxide value at 100UC (oven) and Induction period measurements at 110UC (Rancimat) were used as means to examine and investigate the antioxidant activities of the above extracts. Results: The results indicated that coffee extracts inhibited antioxidant activities and were able to reduce the oxidation chain reaction. The highest yield of phenolic compounds, taking Gallic acid as the index was related to the extracts obtained by isopropanol and accounted for 2.17 mg/g of dry matter. This might be due to higher polarity of isopropanol as compared to hexane. Conclusion: Among the extracts isopropanolic extract of roasted Robusta with 15% concentration exhibited the best antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - The Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Conditions on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids from Autumn Olive Fruits (Elaeagnus umbellate)
        سعیده Khademi شاهین Mardani Nejad
        Introduction:   Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two   ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenol More
        Introduction:   Plants are rich source of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins) that are natural antioxidants. The purpose of the present study was to use two   ultrasonic methods including probe and bath for the extraction of phenolic compounds and   flavonoids from autumn olive and   evaluate the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH free radical using three extraction solvents consisting of water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol. Materials and Methods:   Water, 80% methanol and 70% ethanol were used as extracting solvents and the effect of different extraction periods (30, 60 and 90 min) for bath method and   5, 10 and 20 min for probe method were evaluated on the extraction of phenolic compounds.   Results:   The results showed that in the probe method of ultrasonic, the highest phenolic compounds (13.8 ± 0.05 milligrams gallic acid/ g dried sample) and DPPH radical scavenging   activity (98.94%) were obtained using70% ethanol as solvent within 20 minutes of extraction   period. In the ultra sound bath, the highest extraction rate of phenolic compounds (15.82 ±   0.057mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry sample) and flavonoids (7.09 ± 0. 110 mg of quercetin   per gram of dry sample) were obtained by the application of 70% ethanol within 90 minutes.   Conclusion:   The results indicated that the probe and bath methods of ultrasound had different effects on extraction of bioactive compounds from autumn olive. In each extraction method,   the rate of extraction of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were solvent dependent and in all   the extraction method, 70% ethanol showed the best effect as extracting solvent   . Manuscript profile
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        5 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of Satureja hortensis on the Stability of Colza and Anchovy Oil
        B. Amini J. Keramat M. hojatolislami M. Jahadi K. Mohmodian
        Introduction: The consumers demand foods with high nutritional value that are free from chemical preservatives.This has led to numerous efforts to find natural antioxidants from herbal resources. Savory essence is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that contains phenolic More
        Introduction: The consumers demand foods with high nutritional value that are free from chemical preservatives.This has led to numerous efforts to find natural antioxidants from herbal resources. Savory essence is a colorless to pale yellow liquid that contains phenolic compounds such as carvacrol, P-cymen and thymol that exhibit anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study is to quantify the phenolic compounds present in the essential oil of Satureja hortensis as a source of natural antioxidant and to examine its stabilising effect on colza and anchovy oils. Materials and Methods: The aerial parts of plant was collected, dried and  the essential oils was extracted and analysed by GC/MS. Total content of phenolic compounds of  the essential oils was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The extracted essential oil was added to canola and anchovy oils at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% and the antioxidant activities were measured and compared to the control and sample containing BHA. Peroxide value and tiobarbitoric acid value and induction period measurements by Rancimate were used as means to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Results: Carvacrol, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene and p-cymene were determined as the predominant compounds in the extracted essential oil. The total concentration of the phenolic compounds in the extracted oil was 0.739±0.27 mg/ml as Gallic Acid Equivalent .The added essential oil at the concentration of 0.3% exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in canola and anchovy oils. Conclusion: This study has indicated that the application of the natural essential oilsto suitable substances such as canola or anchovy oils in order to improve the stability of the oils and also to replace the synthetic antioxidants is desirable and preferred. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - The Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of White and Brown Rice Extracted from Lenjan Sorkhe Cultivar
        K. Pourmohammadi E. Abedi M. Khaleghan M.R. Mahmoodi
        Introduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency an More
        Introduction: Brown rice cultivars has higher nutritional values than the white rice cultivars due to the total phenolic compounds. Ultrasonic pretreatment is an efficient method for the extraction of phenolic compounds due to time saving, high performance efficiency and also less solvent consumption. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were determined and antioxidant potential was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Bioactive compounds of white and brown rice were extracted under various solvents including (water, ethanol 100%, methanol 100%, ethanol 50%, methanol 50% and ethanol 50%-methanol 50%) and two extraction methods such as Soxhlet extractor and ultrasonic bath. The comparison of the test variables were performed by Duncan's test and three-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that the highest flavonoids content (162 mg gallic acid/ Kg sample), poly phenols (142.5 mg quercetin / kg sample) and radicals scavenging effect DPPH (%76.4) belonged to brown rice under ultrasonic method and ethanol:methanol (50:50) solvent extraction. The results exibited that all the main related factors such as methods of extraction, solvents and rice have significant effects on the amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and DPPH. Conclusion: Under the same extraction condition, total phenol and flavonoid contents of brown rice is higher than the white rice. Ultrasonic extraction could enhance the total phenol and flavonoids contents compared to the soxhlet extraction. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Dorema Aucheri Extract in Soybean Oil
        R. Mohammadi M. Fazel E. Khosravi
        Introduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxi More
        Introduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxidant activity of Dorema Aucheri plant and also the application of its ethanolic extract to refined bleached and deodorized soyabean oil to retard the rate of oxidation. Materials and Methods: The effects of water and 96% ethanol as solvents on extracting efficiencies of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of the sample were investigated. The antioxidant activities of the samples with different added concentrations of the extract using DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power were determined and evaluated. Results: The results showed that the aqueous extract has the highest extraction rate as compared to the ethanolic extract, however the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds (21.73 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (14.99 ± 0.60 mg QE/g sample), and the lowest IC50 concerned with DPPH (2.05 mg extract/ mg DPPH) and the highest rate of Ferric reducing power (14.13 ± 0.06 mM Fe+2/mg) were related to the ethanolic extract. The results of oven test also indicated that the ethanolic extract at certain concentrations could control the rate of oxidation. Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggested that the Dorema Aucheri ethanolic extract might be employed as an antioxidant. Therefor one might introduce Dorema aucheri as a good source of natural antioxidant due to the presence of phenolic compounds.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Optimization of the Extraction of the Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Compounds from Solanum nigrum Fruit using Response Surface Methodology
        F. Khanlari A. Yasini Ardakani N. Nasirizadeh
        Introduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined u More
        Introduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: Extraction was carried out using different solvents in order to determine the best solvent for the highest extraction yield. Central composite design was employed to optimise the three independent variables such as incubation temperature (25–70 ºC), time (30–240 min) and liquid-to-solid ratio (10–20 ml/g). Total phenols (TP) was measured using Folin – Ciocalteu method and IC50 scavenging activity was analyzed using DPPH method. Results: The preliminary experiments with p<0.05 showed that ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of Solanum nigrum. The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation and 3D response surfaces showed that the optimal conditions were at the temperature of 70 ºC, time of 30 min and liquid to solid ratio of 20 ml/g. These optimum conditions obtained the total phenolic compounds of 18.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and DPPHsc of 61.9 μg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated the suitability of the response surface methodology employed in optimizing the extraction conditions. The optimized conditions showed a fast and high extraction yield of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from Solanum nigrum. Manuscript profile
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        9 - Investigation of Bisphenol A and Nonylphenol pollution in estuaries of rivers in south-west coast of Caspian sea
        Said Ganjali Hosseinali Zabardast Rosatami Ali Kazemi zahra sahebi Soheil SobhanArdakani
        10.22034/jest.2018.15586.2420
        Background and Objective: Today environmental pollutions especially pollution of water ecosystems have caused serious problems for human communities as well as other living organisms. In regards with increasing growth of population using chemicals has increased in diffe More
        Background and Objective: Today environmental pollutions especially pollution of water ecosystems have caused serious problems for human communities as well as other living organisms. In regards with increasing growth of population using chemicals has increased in different industrial, agricultural and residential sectors. Endocrine disrupting chemicals or strogenic- like compounds are the great importance due to their negative consequences on human beings and animals (fish and amphibious). The aim of this study was determining the concentration of Nonylphenol and Bisphenol A in water samples of estuaries of 9 rivers in south-west coast of Caspian Sea and examining the correlation of these compounds with chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and pH.   Method: In this study, different parameters based on standard methods for water and wastewater was measured. To extract Nonylphenol and bisphenol A of water samples was used of liquid-liquid separation method. And Nonylphenol and bisphenol A concentration was measured with high performance liquid chromatography. Findings: Results showed that estuary of Astara River has the biggest concentration of studied parameters compared to other stations which can be due to the passage of river through the city center and penetration of municipal and residential waste water to the river. Result of correlation test indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation between BOD and COD concentrations، and Bisphenol A and Nonylphenol in studied samples. There is also a negative (inverse) and significant correlation between the pH and Bisphenol A and Nonylphenol concentrations. Discussion and Conclusion: Since the presence of these chemicals even in low concentrations can have adverse effects in health of ecosystems. There are concerns regarding the presence of these strogenic-like chemicals in water resources in the country.   Manuscript profile
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        10 - Electrochemical Determination of Bisphenol A at Adenine and Carbon Nanotubes Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
        Hoda Ezoji Mostafa Rahimnejad Maryam Asghary Farid Talebnia
        10.22034/jest.2018.15897.2441
        Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), as a major component of polycarbonate and epoxy resins is widely used in the plastic industry. This compound is a well-known endocrine disruptor that can interfere with the normal, hormonal function of human or animal, and thus, pose a pot More
        Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), as a major component of polycarbonate and epoxy resins is widely used in the plastic industry. This compound is a well-known endocrine disruptor that can interfere with the normal, hormonal function of human or animal, and thus, pose a potential threat to the environment and human health. The polycarbonate and epoxy resins containing BPA are commonly used to produce baby bottles, food packages, and beverage containers; thus bisphenol A may enter food and the environment. Therefore, developing a simple and highly sensitive analytical method for the determination of BPA is of great importance. Methods: In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on an adenine/carbon nanotube (Adenine/CNT) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was proposed for determination of BPA. Results: The obtained results demonstrate that the modified electrode used in this research had strong catalytic activity toward the oxidation of BPA. Also, applying adenine and carbon nano-tubes in carbon paste electrode resulted in reduction of the electron transfer resistance and significant increase of electron transfer rate. Discussion: According to the results, type of the employed modifier has a significant effect on sensitivity and selectivity of detection. Therefore, novel sensing materials with high stability, good catalytic activity and excellent conductivity can improve its measurement process.    Manuscript profile
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        11 - Effect of nickel and pH on antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Cladophora glomerata
        Zohreh Senobari Naser Jafari Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
        Excess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different conce More
        Excess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Ni and pH onantioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ofextracts were determined by Folin-Ciocaltue assay and expressed based on mg of gallic acid per g ofextract. Then the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts was assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In this study, the highest phenolic content (1873 mg gallic acid/g extarct) andflavonoid content (1106 mg quercetin/g extarct) were obtained at pH=5. In the antioxidant activitytest, the maximum IC50 was recorded at pH=9. The results indicated that ethanolic extract ofCladophora glomerata has a noticeable antioxidant ability against various oxidative systems and itcan be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Evaluation of Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic and Flavonoid content of the extract of Adonis aestivalis L. collected from Lorestan Province
        mahboubeh taherkhani مجید قربانی مرضیه حسینی
        Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is More
        Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is it's uses in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia or sexual problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic (%80) and ethyl acetate extract of A. aestivalis and compare them with each other. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined using the Folin ciocalteau assay at the presence of galic acid as standard and also the total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometer methods at the presence of catechin as standard. Antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined upon Ferric-Reducing-Antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The result showed that the total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 607.262.35 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content 97.810.007 mg catechin equivalent/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (378.378.64 mg GAE/g sample, 89.730.003 mg catechin equivalent/g sample, respectively). Also the FRAP properties of the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis was determined to be 3.9850.001 mg GAE/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (3.4940.0004) mg GAE/g sample. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis has high antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore further comprehensive investigation is required to determine the antioxidant properties of A. aestivalis. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Investigation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. extract from Kolakchal region, Tehran Province
        ZAHRA SADAT AGHAKHAH RAZLIGHI Rustaiyan Abdolhossein Kambiz Larijani
        This plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, More
        This plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, Flavonoid and antioxidant property of aerial parts extract of plant of Iran in the Kolakchal area (Tehran-Iran) were investigated. To measure The amount of Phenol and Flavonoid respectively is used from reagents Folin- Ciocalteu and Alcl3 and the method DPPH is used to measure the Antioxidant potential. The result showed the phenolic content for samples respectively 0.925 milligram of galic acid per gram dry weight and 18.887 milligram quercetin per gram dry weight. In evaluation of antioxidant potential by method DPPH amount of Ic50 for BHT 72301/428 µgr/ml and for the extract is 45829/364 µgr/ml. As a result, the antioxidant activity of this plant have higher potential against the antioxidant synthesis of BHT. The results of this study showed that this plant has a good antioxidant power against a variety of oxidative systems and as an accessible natural antioxidant can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Extraction and measurement of β-Carbolines and evaluation of antioxidant properties of leaf and seed extract of Spand (P.harmala) of Zahedan
        Saeedeh Fahimi Shahrbanoo Oryan Ramesh Ahmadi Akram Eidi
        β-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, a More
        β-Carbolines are an alkaloid containing indole group that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier and change the concentration of neurotransmitters, as well as a range of neurophysiological and toxic effects, including effects on body temperature, seizures, anti-depressant activity, vascular dilatation, anti-cumulative effects of platelets and effects on appetite. The aim of this study was to extract and measure β-Carboline and also phenolic compounds of Spand (p.harmala) collected from Zahedan. Further phytochemical analysis of extracts was carried out and the quantitative and qualitative analysis included identification of anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, an antioxidant test of extract, FT-IR analysis of extract, quantitative and qualitative analysis of HPLC extract and alkaloids. The results showed that although the antioxidant properties of methanolic extract from leaves are higher (due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds) than the methanolic extract seeds, the amount of β-Carboline in the seeds of this plant (p.harmala) is higher. Manuscript profile
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        15 - The effect of extraction conditions using ultrasonic and maceration methods on the extraction rate of phenolic compounds and the extraction efficiency of jujube fruit (Ziziphus spp.)
        Zahra Khoshdouni Farahani Mohammad Ali h Mousavi
        Background: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compo More
        Background: Plants are among the most important sources of phenolic compounds, which also include natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of extraction by ultrasonic bath and maceration on the extraction of phenolic compounds from jujube fruit using water and 80% ethanol solvents. Methods: In the ultrasonic bath method, water and 80% ethanol solvents were used in three time levels of 15, 30 and 60 minutes and two temperature levels of 50 and 70 °C. In the maceration method, water and 80% ethanol solvents and their combinations were used and the content of phenolic compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the extraction efficiency of the extracts were determined. Results: Based on the results of ultrasonic bath extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent, 60 minutes and 50 °C extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (86.33 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) from the fruit and the extraction efficiency of its extract was 95.66%. In the maceration extraction method, 80% ethanol solvent extracted the highest content of phenolic compounds (61.40 mg GAE/100 g of dry sample) and the extraction efficiency of the extract was 77%. Conclusion: According to the results of both methods, the content of extraction of bioactive compounds based on the type of solvent, temperature and time were significantly different and 80% ethanol solvent was the best solvent for the extraction of compounds. Ultrasonic extraction had a significant effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds of jujube fruit.   Manuscript profile
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        16 - Defense responses of apple treated with the yeast Pichia guilliermondii and silicon against Penicillium expansum
        Leila Farahani Hassan Reza Etebarian
        In this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after More
        In this study variation of Peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds were studied after treating with Pichia guilliermondii (A6) and silicon (Si) and inoculation with Penicillium expansum (F1). The samples were taken in zero, second, fourth, sixth and eighth days after pathogen inoculation. The results showed that Peroxidase activity increased during these days and achieved the highest activity in sixth and eighth days. These results indicated that the phenolic compounds were in maximum amount in the second day after pathogen inoculation. These findings emphasized that increase in peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds could be the reason for induction of resistance in apple fruits. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Relationship between the biological parameters of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the host phenolic content
        H. Tabasian sh. goldasteh Gh. h. Moravvej E. Sanatgar M. Ghadamyari
        Manuscript profile
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        18 - A review of the antioxidant compounds of plant sources in Iran
        seyyed moein nazari mohammad maleki
        10.30495/qafj.2023.1993466.1084
        Antioxidants are compounds that delay oxidation in low concentrations. They are divided into two categories: natural and synthetic. The most used antioxidant groups in the food industry are synthetic phenolic antioxidants BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG. These antioxidants are vo More
        Antioxidants are compounds that delay oxidation in low concentrations. They are divided into two categories: natural and synthetic. The most used antioxidant groups in the food industry are synthetic phenolic antioxidants BHA, BHT, TBHQ and PG. These antioxidants are volatile and sensitive to heat and are not favorable for food stability, on the other hand, their use threatens human health. For this reason, today scientists and researchers are trying to find natural compounds with antioxidant properties to replace natural antioxidants with synthetic antioxidants or to reduce their consumption. The results of the studies showed that plants are a rich source of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins and other antioxidant compounds, which are the most important natural antioxidants.Nowadays, a wide group of plants and their extracts are considered as natural sources with antioxidant properties. The studies of carried out in Iran shows that edible and medicinal plants and their derivatives (essential oils, plant extracts) are widely used to prevent oxidative spoilage of food due to their strong and diverse antioxidant compounds. Among these, we can mention olive leaves, saffron petals, oregano, Froriepia subpinnata, Malva Sylvestris, Ferulago angulate, basil, hortensisj Sature, Salvia officinalis, turmeric, fennel, nettle, and black raspberry. Also, Dorema Aucheri, thyme, cinnamon and pomegranate peel have medicinal and therapeutic properties. Heizah grass plant is recommended as a health-giving and stabilizing combination of oils due to its easy access and cost-effectiveness in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and methyl jasmonate on yield and quality improvement of the strawberry ‘Albion’
        Farzad Asgari Sepideh Kalateh Jari Babak Motesharezadeh Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Weria Weisany
        10.30495/sarj.2023.1994688.1149
        To study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a More
        To study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a greenhouse located in Damavand county. The first factor was 6-BAP at two levels (control and 100 mg/L) and the second factor was MJ at three levels (control, 100 and 200 µM). Plants were sprayed twice with 6-BAP and thrice with MJ, during the vegetative and the reproductive growth phases, respectively. Application of 6-BAP during the vegetative stage, resulted in production of plants with more and larger leaves and increased crown diameter. The highest fruit count and weight, SPAD, flavor index, total anthocyanin and fruit shelf-life, was related to the 100 mg/L 6-BAP + 200 µM MJ treatment. Using cytokinin combined with each of the MJ concentrations, resulted in significant improvement of the plant yield and fruit firmness compared to the control. Therefore, pre-harvest application of these plant growth regulators can be suggested for increasing production rates, improving the quality, and the shelf-life of this vulnerable fruit and also reducing its waste. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Genetic Diversity in Some Characteristics of Iranian Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graceum L.)
        P. Moradi M.R. Hassan Dokht A.K. Kashi
        Fenugreek is an annual plant belonging to Legominosae family with a long history of farming in Iran. There exists various accessions of this plant in Iran; however, no comprehensive study to fully understand it has ever been carried out. Twenty populations of fenugreek More
        Fenugreek is an annual plant belonging to Legominosae family with a long history of farming in Iran. There exists various accessions of this plant in Iran; however, no comprehensive study to fully understand it has ever been carried out. Twenty populations of fenugreek native to Iran were collected from different parts of the country to asses the genetic variability of the plant and study some of their features. The results suggest that there are significant differences in most of traits under study. The wet weight ranged between 23.93 and 44.41 grams of the wet weight per plant. Moreover, the accessions, were classified with regard to the flowering features into 3 categories of early blooming, inter blooming, and late blooming. The results also showed that the accessions started to produce flower within 39 to 76 days of plantation. The index of one thousand seed weight also showed meaningful differences ranging from a low of 5.56 grams in Semnan mass to a high of 19.44 grams in Kermanshah accession. The analysis of ploid level of the accessions native to Iran revealed that all the masses under study were diploid (2n=2x=16). Finally the results show that the native masses of Iranian Fenugreek enjoy high diversity regarding the features under study and make suitable genetic resource for breeding programs. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Investigation of the amount of bisphenol A in commercial bottled water (offered in Ardabil market) and optimization of ozonation to reduce it
        M.A. Rahimizad Toulon H. Mirzaei A.A. Matin A. Javadi A. Amani Ghadim
        10.30495/jfh.2021.677459
        < p >Bisphenol A is a chemical substance that impairs estrogenic endocrine and the presence of BPA in water causes various problems for human health. The present study aims to evaluate the amount of BPA in bottled waters in Ardabil and to optimize the ozone condit More
        < p >Bisphenol A is a chemical substance that impairs estrogenic endocrine and the presence of BPA in water causes various problems for human health. The present study aims to evaluate the amount of BPA in bottled waters in Ardabil and to optimize the ozone condition for reducing it in water. For this purpose, 5 samples were selected out of 13 brands of bottled water. One sample of each brand was tested on the first day and 4 other samples were tested after 30 days of storage at temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and 40 °C using a high-performance liquid chromatography device. To determine the ozonation efficiency, at first, the concentration of consuming ozone, pH of the environment, duration of ozonation, and initial concentration of BPA were optimized and then tested under optimal conditions. On the first day, the amount of BPA in all brands was within the limits allowed by the Department of Health of America (20 µg/L). By increasing the temperature of storage, the amount of BPA increased in all samples and at 40 °C, its amount exceeded the allowable limit in 3 brands. Optimal conditions are achieved at an ozone concentration of 6 mg/l, pH equal to 7, concentration of dissolved BPA equal to 10 mg/l, and ozonation time in 10 minutes. Furthermore, ozonation in these conditions removed 90% of BPA in water. In general, it can be declared that the contamination of BPA in bottled waters increases during preservation, and especially at temperatures higher than a refrigerator (out of the refrigerator), and ozonation under optimized condition is an effective method to reduce it. < p > TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian   //   TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian //  TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile
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        22 - Investigation of the antioxidant properties of metanolic peel extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum var. Rabbab)
        Enayat Beriz Seyed Shahramr Shekarforoush Saeid Hosseinzadeh
        Plants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify More
        Plants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify the phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) of Rabbab variety and their antioxidant effect to substitute the synthetic compounds. Folin- Ciocalteu method was employed to investigate phenolic compound, while, spectrophotometery is used to measure flavonoid, antocyanin and oxidative ability. The antioxidant activity of different concentration of PPE was measured using DPPH. Results showed the concentrations of 70.83 mg TAE/g, 21.33 mg CE/g and 136.66 mmol/100 mL corresponding to the phenolic, flavonoid and antocyanin compounds, respectively. The antioxidant effect by linoleic system has shown to inhibit 89.61% of linoleic oxidation in the methanolic extract of PPE. Increasing the concentration of phenolic compound was simultaneous to raise its effect and a significant correlation between the antiradical activity and its reduction ability in the methanolic extract. The current results revealed the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Rabbab variety PPE and thus are recommended to apply in food industries. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Effect of ozone treatment on quality features and microbial load of sumac, cumin and pepper spices
        A. Hemmati Moghadam N. Asefi S. Hanifian
        Herbs are often produced by traditional methods and in poor sanitary conditions and can contain high amounts of spoilage and pathogenic microbes. The aim of this study has investigated the effect of ozone on some qualitative characteristics and microbial spices sumac, c More
        Herbs are often produced by traditional methods and in poor sanitary conditions and can contain high amounts of spoilage and pathogenic microbes. The aim of this study has investigated the effect of ozone on some qualitative characteristics and microbial spices sumac, cumin and pepper. For this purpose, samples were treated by ozone at a concentration of 2 g per hour for 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes. Then microbial count and chemical characters such as moisture content, antioxidant properties, and phenolic compounds were determined. The results showed that compared with controls, treatment with ozone decreased 2 logarithmic units (P <0.05) the total number of micro organisms, 4 logarithmic unit mold and yeast populations, and 1 logarithmic unit coliform. On the other hand, 60-minute treatment with ozone caused a significant reduction (P <0.05) the amount of moisture in the cumin and pepper But this was not statistically significant reduction in sumac. After treatment as well as 60 minutes of ozone, the number of phenolic compounds in cumin and pepper significantly was fell compared to control (P<0.05) While there was no significant reduction in sumac. In the case of the antioxidant index (percentage of Scavenging of DPPH radical) Results showed that At time zero and after 60 minutes of treatment with ozone, the highest antioxidant activity respectively was observed in crushed spices, pepper, and cumin. According to the findings, we can ignore the negative effects of ozone on some qualitative features of spices, used it effectively to reduce microbial seasonings. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Determination of total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of persimmon skin
        مرتضی Mohamadi زهرا Pourfallah A.H Elhami Rad
        Due to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out b More
        Due to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out by means of maceration method using ethanol and methanol solvents with ratio of 1 part persimmon skin to 5 parts of solvents. Afterwards, the total phenolic compounds and antioxidants activity was measured. According to the results, ethanolic and methanolic extracts contained 255.6 and 214.15 mg gallic acid per 100 g of persimmon skin, respectively. Moreover, ethanolic extracts showed a higher activity for scavenging free radicals compared to methanolic extracts.  Manuscript profile
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        25 - Investigation of phalogenetic stages of raisins grapevine and changes in chilling accumulation that in Iran
        طیبه شجاعی طیبه شجاعی غلامعباس فلاح قالهری غلامعباس فلاح قالهری عبدالرضا کاشکی عبدالرضا کاشکی
        One of the crucial factors in the successful production of agricultural products is the climate. Lack of attention to climatic conditions causes the loss of horticultural products. As one of the major crops in Iran, grapes are affected by climate change and anomalies. D More
        One of the crucial factors in the successful production of agricultural products is the climate. Lack of attention to climatic conditions causes the loss of horticultural products. As one of the major crops in Iran, grapes are affected by climate change and anomalies. Due to climate change, assessment of the phenological stages of grapevine and assessment of chill accumulation status is important for the development of this decidous tree and sustainable management of the horticultural sector. In the present study, the phenological stages of the grapevine were determined based on field observations in two consecutive years at Golmakan agrometeorological station. to evaluate the condition of chill accumulation based on dynamic model, data from 55 valid meteorological stations from 1985 to 2013 were evaluated on an hourly and daily time scale. Mann-Kendall nonparametric method was used to investigate the trend of cold accumulation changes.The results showed that grapes require eight phenological stages to complete the developmental period from early April to late November. The highest temperature requirement occurs during the fruit development stage. According to the dynamic modeloccur51 to 91 cold portions. At high latitudes, severe colds and at lower latitudes mild winter have reduced the chill accumulation for the grape tree.Therefore, climate change has emerged as a decrease in the rate of cold accumulation and the inadequate requirement. Therefore, consideration of climatic considerations is important in selecting species and varieties consistent with this decrease in chill units during the period of dormancy of decidous trees. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Evaluation of ornamental ability of some Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring of aesthetic characteristics (Case study: Summer rangelands of Noorrud watershed)
        leila darvishi hossien barani mosa akbarloo hassan ghelichnia
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the ornamental ability of Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring their aesthetic characteristics in the summer pastures of Nourrood watershed.In order to determine the habitat of each of these sp More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the ornamental ability of Allium plants using two methods of principal component analysis and scoring their aesthetic characteristics in the summer pastures of Nourrood watershed.In order to determine the habitat of each of these species,5 to10 plant bases were determined and marked on the site. Then all phenological and morphological characteristics of these marked bases were measured and recorded.The experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with8 treatments and 5replications. Treatments included8species of allium.To determinethe ornamental capacity of the studied species, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used and important characteristics in terms of decoration suchas flowering stem height, inflorescence diameter, plant width,duration of flower on the plant And leaf area was examined.Based on thefirst and second components, which explained93.74%of the differences between the data, the relevant biplot was drawn Also, in another method,images of these plants were recorded using a camera at different angles and regarding their aesthetic value from three different statistical groups,including the community and indigenous people, experts in the fieldof flowers and ornamental plants and people of art and cyberspace.A questionnaire was conducted and a total of 264 questionnaires were prepared. Evaluation of ornamental abilities using the twomethods studied showed that A bodeanum, A akaka, elburzensis species with large inflorescence diameter and beautiful purple color and A ampeloprasum species due to their high height and long leaf and flower duration,Can be introduced as plants with good ornamental ability and can be planted in these areas Manuscript profile
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        27 - Assessing effect reciprocal of species and phenological stage, in the amount of mineral elements plants (case study: Taleghan ranges)
        حسین Arzani محمود Hamidian حسین Azarnivand محمد علی Zare Chahouki
        Considering the importance of mineral elements in nutrition of grazing livestock in the range and changes in the amount elements phenological stages of in the plants, awareness ranchers and range managers of these changes for planned correct entry and exit livestock and More
        Considering the importance of mineral elements in nutrition of grazing livestock in the range and changes in the amount elements phenological stages of in the plants, awareness ranchers and range managers of these changes for planned correct entry and exit livestock and meet the needs nutritional of grazing livestock range at different times grazing season  is essential. In this study amount  six macro elements Ca, Mg, P, Cl, Na and K, and five micro elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Mn, in eight range forb species Prangus uloptera, Medicago sativa, Lotus goeblia, Trifolium montanum, Sanguisorba minor, Stachys inflate, Melilotus officinalis and Ferula ovina used for sheepat vegetative, flowering and seeding stages were measured. To determine effect reciprocal of  species and phonologic stage, two – way variance analysis were used, and where the species and phonological stage interaction was significant, the Duncan test was used. The results showed; with advancing stages of plant growth, amount macro and micro elements were decreased, and between amount of Zn, Cu, Mn, P, Cl, K and Na eight species studied in different phenological stages was not significant difference,            but between amount of Mg, Ca, Fe and Co eight species in different phenological stages there was significant difference in the level of 99%. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Phytochemical analysis of various organs of Rheum ribes weed at the phonological stage of flowering (Case study: heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar)
        ابراهیم Gholamalipour Alamdari فاطمه Makari جواد Bayat Kohsar
        An experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village More
        An experiment was conducted for phytochemical analysis of the compounds of Rheum ribes weedat the phonological stage of flowering in Weed Science Laboratory of Gonbad-e Qabus University in 2015. Plant samples of Rheum ribes were collected from heights of Karizak Village of Kashmar. After identifying the Rheum species, various organs of stem, leaf, and inflorescence were separated from each other, dried and finally powdered. Chemical compounds like the organic matter, ash, crud protein, ADF, NDF, starch, soluble carbohydrates, and total phenols contents of the organs under study and a combination of organs were measured using the standardized phytochemical methods. Results of the variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in the phytochemical traits among various organs of Rheum ribes. Findings suggest that the highest percentage of organic matter, ash, crud protein, NDF, and ADF were obtained in the inflorescence, both the stem and leaf, leaf and inflorescence, and stem and inflorescence, respectively. The study also recorded the highest levels of total phenols in both in floresvence and combination of the organs while the lowest phenols contents were observed in the stem. Results generally showed variations in the content of phytochemical compounds under study in Rheum ribes organs. Therefore, regarding high productivity of Rheum ribes biomass and the role of phenolic compounds as well as suitable content of some primary metabolites, optimization of suitable method to extract these compounds is necessary. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Effects of different harvesting intensities and phenological stages on soluble carbohydrate reserve variabilities of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica (Case study: Rangelands of Gomishan city, North-Western of Golestan Province)
        Majid Sharifi-Rad Gholamali Heshmati Mohammad Bagher Bagherieh-Najjar
        This study examines the variability in soluble carbohydrate reserves of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica at various harvesting intensities (no harvesting (as control), 25%, 50%, and 75%) and different growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding) in More
        This study examines the variability in soluble carbohydrate reserves of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica at various harvesting intensities (no harvesting (as control), 25%, 50%, and 75%) and different growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding) in the aerial (stems) and underground (root) parts. The results showed that different harvesting intensities had significant effects on soluble carbohydrate reserves in the two species (P≤0.05). In both species no harvesting (control) had maximum soluble carbohydrate reserves and with increasing of harvesting intensity, the soluble carbohydrate reserves significantly decreased so, due to the negative effects of 50% and 75% harvesting levels on soluble carbohydrate reserves, more than 25% harvesting level must be avoided as it damages the soluble carbohydrate reserves of the species. Also the results showed that plant growth stage and plant part type had significant effects on soluble carbohydrate reserves in the two species. In terms of the total amount of soluble carbohydrate (stem+ root), there was significant difference between two species. With the growth progresses, the amount of soluble carbohydrates significantly increased in both species. Therefore, we can consider the seeding stage as the best time for grazing in the studied species. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Effects of cadmium on growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments and some biochemical parameters of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
        H. Mahmoodzadeh M. Amirgilaki
        Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic elements for living organisms that plays no positive biological role. In order to study the effect of cadmium heavy metal on growth factors of Carthamus tinctorius, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized desig More
        Cadmium is regarded as one of the most toxic elements for living organisms that plays no positive biological role. In order to study the effect of cadmium heavy metal on growth factors of Carthamus tinctorius, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in open-air conditions. Different levels of cadmium sulphate applied to the pots in the experiment were 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, and 1000 µM solutions. Based on the results of the present study, the dry weights of roots and shoots significantly decreased in response to varying levels of cadmium but shoot lengths and relative growth rates were not significantly different compared to control. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the amount of chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll significantly decreased compared with the control while the decrease in carotenoid compounds content and relative water content in Carthamus tinctorius with increasing cadmium concentration was not significantly different comparing with the control. The amount of soluble sugars in the roots and shoots of Carthamus tinctorius plants treated with cadmium increased, but the amount of insoluble sugars in the aforementioned organs decreased. The results of the analysis of variance also revealed that with increasing the concentration of cadmium, the cadmium levels of shoots increased. Findings also showed that with the increase in cadmium concentration at some levels (300, 750, 900, and 1000 µM) the activity of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme showed no significant difference compared to control. In addition, the amount of polyphenol oxidase enzyme increased which was significant at all levels comparing to control and only at 150 µM level no significant difference was observed compared to control. The results of this research showed that safflower is able to absorb cadmium in its tissues and it can be used for phytoremediation of cadmium heavy metal. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Evalution of phytochemical screening of Rhamnus pallasii parts at different phenological stages
        Akram Taleghani Soghra Mahmoudi Majid Mokaber Esfahani
        10.30495/iper.2022.1956943.1790
        Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this More
        Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, phytochemical screening in different morphological parts (fruit, leaf, bark and root) investigated in April, May, July, August and October based on different climatic and phenological conditions. Different parts extracted with water-methanol (80%). The content of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds of extracts was determined by spectrophotometry method and the antioxidant diphenyl pykryl hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. The results are significant at the level of 0/05. Methanolic extract of fruit collected in October showed the largest content of total phenolics (583.66 ± 1.02 µg GAE/g DE), anthocyanin (9.06 ± 0.019 mg /l) and phenolic acid (53.87 ± 1.52 µg CAE/g). Also, the highest total flavonoid content was found in methanol extract of leaves in April (514.48±1.77µg QE/g). The fruits exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 value of 7.52±0.24 µg/ml in October, followed by leaves (8.18±0.29 µg/ml in March), roots (13.50±0.29 µg/ml in March) and barks (14.79±0.37 µg/ml in May). As a result, there is seasonal variation in both the quality and quantity of phenolic compound in different parts of Rhamnus. The phenolic-rich extracts in this study can be effectively used for both research and industrial applications. Manuscript profile
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        32 - بررسی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اندام هوایی دو گیاه ‌هالوفیت Climacoptera turcomanica (Litw.) Botsch. وFrankenia hirsuta Desf. تحت تاثیر فصل برداشت در رویشگاه طبیعی صوفیکم استان گلستان
        سیده هاجر رضایی کنتی مه لقا قربانلی
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        33 - Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. from Kerman province
        syed Mohammad Ali Vakili Shahrbabaki
        Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as  an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman provinc More
        Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as  an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Total phenol content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteau method and their antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. Results were showed that the oil of Salvia officinalis L. had higher amount of phenolic compounds (1.8 mg E GA/ml) and antioxidant activity(99.48% radical scavenging). The camphor (33.6%), α-tujene (25.4%) and 1,8-cineole(13.8%) were the most components of S.officinalis L. essential oil, respectively and the 1,8-cineole (22.3%), carvacrol (15%) and γ-terpinene were the most components of A.millefolium L. These results were confirmed that the secondary metabolites of these plants possess antioxidant activity and could be used as a natural antioxidant ingredient in food and drug industries. Manuscript profile
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        34 - (Short Paper) Study on the effect of different concentrations of colchicine on the secondary metabolites production in Linum usitatissimumcalli (Flax)
        Raheleh khademian Fatemeh Karimzadeh behnam sedaghati
        Abstract In this factorial study in a completely randomized design, the effect of different concentrations of colchicine (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/L) and different time intervals (12, 24 and 48 hours) on the amount of phenol and lignan production was investigated in the More
        Abstract In this factorial study in a completely randomized design, the effect of different concentrations of colchicine (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mg/L) and different time intervals (12, 24 and 48 hours) on the amount of phenol and lignan production was investigated in the callus tissue of Linum usitatissimum L. For callus induction, cotyledon explants were cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).The total phenolic and lignan contents were measured by spectrophotometric method based on the standard curves of gallic acid and sesamin at 765 and 288 nm, respectively. The highest amount of fresh and dry weight of callus was related to 45 mg/l colchicine treatment. Maximum and minimum levels of lignin in experimental periods were obtained from 15 mg/l (in average 28.4 mg SE/ g DW) and 30 mg/l (in average 19.75 mg SE/ g DW) colchicine, respectively. According to the results, the highest (164 mg GA/g) and lowest (145.6 mg GA/g) levels of total phenol content were observed in 60 and 30 mg/l colchicine treatments, respectively. The results indicated that the production of valuable secondary metabolites such as phenol and lignan in flax callus were increased under some colchicine treatments. Manuscript profile
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        35 - Phytochemichl and antioxidant analysis of different parts of Citrullus colocynthis L. in different regions from Southeast of Iran
        صدیقه اسمعیل زاده بهابادی foroogh yousefzaei
        Citrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and pe More
        Citrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and peel) of C. colocynthis in Kerman, Iranshahr and Zabol habitats. All plant samples were collected from these habitats during June in 2017. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by using spectrophotometry method. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assay. Based on the results, the most phenol content was observed in leaf extract of C. colocynthis in Kerman (52.19 mg/g DW) and Iranshahr (44.86 mg/g DW), respectively. Most of flavonoid content were in leaf of C. colocynthis in Kerman, in addition, it had the highest antioxidant activity (86percentage). The present study shows the potential of C. colocynthis leaf as a pharmaceutical agent and we hope this study encourage further studies to investigate its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Manuscript profile
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        36 - Investigation of effective compounds and antioxidant properties of five cultivar of hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in different regions of Golestan province
        mostafa hamidi saeed navabpour mohsen fathi sadabadi
        10.30495/ejmp.2023.1978424.1717
        To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was co More
        To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021-2022. Fruit extracts were prepared by soaking method using acetone solvent and the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties were determined via Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH method, respectively. Extraction of essential oils from fruit and identification of the compounds in the essential oil were carried out by water distillation method (Clevenger machine) and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), respectively. Overall, 32 compounds were identified, including Beta-acid, Alpha-acid, Co-humulone, total oil, Caryophyllene, Humulene, and Myrcene compounds, as the main components of the essential oil. Cascade cultivar in Gorgan region had the highest rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity, which can be related to the climatic conditions of the region and the higher potential of this cultivar. Also, all cultivars in Gorgan region had the highest content of secondary metabolites than others. Among the cultivated cultivars, Cascade and then Centennial had the highest content of secondary metabolites in all cultivation areas. Therefore, in order to achieve higher secondary metabolites, cultivation of Cascade in Gorgan region is recommend. On the other hand, Nugget in Galicash had the lowest content of secondary metabolites, which can be related to its lower potential in production of secondary metabolites and the climatic conditions of Galicash region which is located at a higher altitude and has a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, considering the effect of different environmental conditions on the medicinal compounds of the species, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of the other factors, including the soil of the habitats. Manuscript profile
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        37 - Morphological, physicochemical and antioxidant comparison of medicinal date-plum fruit (Diospyros lotus L.) in three regions of Hyrcanian forests
        Mohammad Emadoddini اسماعیل سیفی
        The Hyrcanian forests, located along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, are a unique and ancient ecosystem. To preserve their genetic reserves, it is essential to examine the diversity of medicinal plants in these forests, including the date-plum or wild persimmon More
        The Hyrcanian forests, located along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, are a unique and ancient ecosystem. To preserve their genetic reserves, it is essential to examine the diversity of medicinal plants in these forests, including the date-plum or wild persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.). The aim of this research was to evaluate the native date-plum fruit harvested from three regions of the Hyrcanian forests including Gorgan, Aliabad, and Behshahr in terms of morphological, physicochemical, and antioxidant traits. Fruit samples were collected in November 2021 during commercial-local harvest and evaluated. The obtained results showed that the highest fruit weight, diameter, and volume were recorded in samples collected from Behshahr, while the lowest weight, length, diameter, and fruit volume were observed in fruits belonging to Gorgan. This research indicated that fruits collected from Behshahr were more elongated compared to Gorgan and Aliabad. The comparison of qualitative traits confirmed that the highest acidity and vitamin C content were observed in Behshahr; on the other hand, the highest pH and total soluble solids were recorded in the fruit samples of Gorgan. The maximum total phenol and flavonoid was related to Aliabad and Behshahr. Finally, the highest total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity was observed in Gorgan. Furthermore, this study found that fruit weight had a significant positive correlation with acidity but showed a significant negative correlation with pH and antioxidant capacity. Also, Fruit acidity had a significant negative correlation with antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin. In contrast, pH and total soluble solids showed a significant positive correlation with total anthocyanin. In general, a great diversity was observed among the medicinal fruit of the wild date-plum collected from the three investigated regions in Hyrcanian forests with regard to the morphological, physicochemical, and antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile
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        38 - بررسی محتوای فنولی اسانس و فلاونوئیدی عصارۀ شش گونه از جنس Artemisia در استانهای خراسان، سمنان و آذربایجان غربی
        محبوبه طاهرخانی
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        39 - بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره برگ به
        اکرم شریفی محمد مهدی معدنی پور
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        40 - The Effect Ef Tragopogon Collinus Extract On Physicochemical, Microbial And Sensory Properties Of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus Casei
        Mohammad Maleki Peiman Ariayi Mahdi Sharifi Soltani
        10.30495/jfst.2021.1911998.1678
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        41 - بررسی تأثیر عصاره قاصدک بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی و میکروبی ماست کم‌کالری پروبیوتیک
        الهه کارگذار علی مرتضوی اکرم شریفی
        10.30495/jfst.2019.545003
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        42 - فعالیت ضد‌اکسایشی عصاره میکروامولسیون شده چای سبز در روغن کلزا
        صدیقه امیری محسن رادی فرود باقری ویدا انصاری
        10.30495/jfst.2019.541365
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        43 - بهینه‌سازی فرایند استخراج ترکیبات فنولی برگ درخت بنه (Pistica atlantica.sub.sp.mutica)با استفاده از دستگاه اولتراسوند
        الهام احمدی رقیه دلیری محمد رضا سعیدی اصل نرگس رحیمی
        10.30495/jfst.2020.665342
        Manuscript profile
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        44 - Formulation of Rhubarb Alcohol Free Beer and Evaluation of Its Physicochemical Properties During Storage
        Mandana Moghimani Akram Sharifi
        10.30495/jfst.2021.685708
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        45 - Effect of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Method on the Contents of Phenolic Compounds and Anti-oxidant Properties of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) Extract
        Nasim Pourebrahim Amir Hossein Elhamirad Soodabeh Einafshar Mohammad Armin
        10.30495/jfst.2022.691055
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        46 - اثر عرق گشنیز، شوید و رازیانه برترکیبات فنولی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عسل تولید شده به روش پروسه و بیولوژیکی
        سارا خدری محمد گلی فروغ مرتضایی نژاد
        Manuscript profile
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        47 - ارزیابی استخراج ترکیبات فنلی و آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره شقاقل تحت پیش تیمار فراصوت و حلال های ترکیبی
        زهرا گرایلی اکرم شریفی هما بقایی
        Manuscript profile
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        48 - بررسی اثر جوانه زنی بر برخی ویژگی های شیمایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عدس قرمز
        فاطمه مسلم ریحانه احمدزاده قویدل اکرم شریفی سید حسین استیری
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        49 - بررسی تاثیرجایگزینی ساکاروز با دوشاب خرما لوی وحشی بر روی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی وویژگی های حسی، بافتی کلوچه فراسومدمند
        خورشید آذرهوش اکرم شریفی سیدحسین استیری
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        50 - فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره آبی و بافری ژله رویال تازه و خشک شده به روش انجمادی و اثرات ضد ‌باکتریایی آنها بر باکتری‌های دهانی و روده‌ای انسان
        مرسده مالکی محمد گلی الهام خسروی
        10.30495/jfst.2020.674673
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        51 - The use of peel extract of pomegranate in apple juice as a preservative against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrstris
        zeinab Rezvanifard mohammad reza Eshaghi Mehdi Hasanzadeh
        AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the influence of pomegranate peel methanol extract on the Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5269 and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 in apple juice. Three different concentration of pom More
        AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the influence of pomegranate peel methanol extract on the Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC 1058, Saccharomyces cerevisiae PTCC 5269 and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris ATCC 49025 in apple juice. Three different concentration of pomegranate peel extract (250, 500 and 1000 μg /ml) and control sample were prepared. The samples were stored at 4 °C for 60 days and acidity, pH value, microbial analysis, brix value were conducted at zero, 30 and 60 days. Physicochemical properties showed that acidity soured and pH decreased with increasing extract concentration. Turbidity was increased and brix value was decreased in storage time. Turbidity amount in 60th day were increased but treatment with 500 μg /ml had minimum turbidity. These results suggest the potential of pomegranate peel methanol extract as bio preservatives and have effect on decrease of turbidity in apple juice under refrigerated storage. Manuscript profile
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        52 - Antioxidant Effect optimization of ethanol extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and comparison with synthetic antioxidant (BHT)
        الهام Azadfar Maryam Sabetghadam زهره Bahrami بیتا Beyzaei
        10.30495/jfm.2021.683625
        Various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their More
        Various factors such as oxygen, light, heat, metal ions and enzymes can affect the oxidative stability of oils and lipids and finally, oxidative rancidity can occur. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been questioned to delay oxidative rancidity due to their toxicity and carcinogenic probability. This study aims to optimize the oxidant performance of an ethanolic extract of Cirsium vulgare on oxidative stability of soybean oil and compare it with synthetic antioxidants (BHT). In this study, Cirsium vulgare extract was extracted under the influence of concentration (100-300 ppm), duration hours and temperatures . After performing different experiments on the extraction of the best extraction conditions, the best extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology and extraction in optimum conditions. Data analysis was carried out. The results of the optimization process showed that the oxidative stability of oil showed that; time 24.0 min and concentration 100/01temperature 44/745 were determined. Results showed that the optimum sample of Cirsium vulgare in the stability of soybean oil during storage time was more effective than synthetic antioxidant (BHT), due to higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant present in the optimized sample of Cirsium vulgare. Manuscript profile
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        53 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک از گیاه پونه گاوی (Flomidoschema parviflora) با استفاده از دستگاه اولتراسوند
        مجتبی حیدری مجد سید علی مرتضوی جواد اصیلی شادی بلوریان محمد آرمین آنا عبدالشاهی
        مقدمه و هدف:  با پیشرفت علوم و صنایع غذایی گرایش به جایگزینی افزودنی های طبیعی به جای انواع سنتزی در مواد غذایی ‏به وجود آمده است. با توجه به اثرات سوء و نامطلوب آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های حاصل از ‏منایع طبیعی در چربی ها و روغن های خ More
        مقدمه و هدف:  با پیشرفت علوم و صنایع غذایی گرایش به جایگزینی افزودنی های طبیعی به جای انواع سنتزی در مواد غذایی ‏به وجود آمده است. با توجه به اثرات سوء و نامطلوب آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های حاصل از ‏منایع طبیعی در چربی ها و روغن های خوراکی به عنوان یک راه حل منطقی در نظر گرفته می شود. در این پژوهش، ‏بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک از عصاره متانولی 80 درصد گیاه پونه گاوی با استفاده از اولتراسوند و به کمک روش ‏سطح پاسخ پرداخته شده است.‏. روش تحقیق:  ‏برای بهینه سازی فرآیند در آزمون ها 3 عامل دما (15، 30 و 45 درجه سانتی­گراد) ، زمان (15، 35 و 55 دقیقه) و ‏pH‏ ‏‏(6، 7 و 8) هر کدام در 3 سطح مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این طرح از طریق ‏Box-Behnken‏ در سه عامل و در سه ‏سطح که شامل 17 آزمون است انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج به دست آمده نشان می دهد که مناسب ترین شرایط برای استخراج ‏ترکیبات فنولیک زمان 47 دقیقه، دمای 34 درجه سانتی­گراد و 6.6‏pH=‎‏ می باشد. ‏در بررسی نتایج و روند نمودارها زمان به عنوان موثرترین عامل شناسایی شد. هم­چنین مقایسه بین دو روش استخراج، یعنی غرقابی و اولتراسوند نشان داد که راندمان استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک در روش اولتراسوند نسبت به روش غرقابی بیشتر است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: در نهایت عصاره گیری به روش  اولتراسوند ممکن است از نظر کارآیی استخراج مواد فنولیک از گیاه پونه گاوی پیشنهاد می شود.  Manuscript profile
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        54 - تعیین بهترین زمان برداشت برای دستیابی به بیشترین بازدهی اسانس و تیمول در آویشن باغی Thymus vulgaris L در شرایط اصفهان
        امین هادی پناه احمدرضا گل پرور عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی حسین زینلی
        مقدمه و هدف: آویشن باغی با نام علمی (‏L.‎‏ ‏Thymus vulgaris‏) متعلق به خانواده  نعناعیان (‏Lamiaceae‏) ‏می باشد. آویشن یکی از مهمترین گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده در صنایع داروسازی، غذایی، ‏آرایشی و بهداشتی بیشتر کشورهای توسعه یافت More
        مقدمه و هدف: آویشن باغی با نام علمی (‏L.‎‏ ‏Thymus vulgaris‏) متعلق به خانواده  نعناعیان (‏Lamiaceae‏) ‏می باشد. آویشن یکی از مهمترین گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده در صنایع داروسازی، غذایی، ‏آرایشی و بهداشتی بیشتر کشورهای توسعه یافته است. آویشن یک ضدعفونی کننده قوی با ‏خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی مناسب است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف تعیین بهترین زمان برداشت بر عملکرد تر ‏و خشک اندام‌های هوائی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس، درصد و عملکرد تیمول در گیاه دارویی ‏آویشن باغی به مرحله اجرا درآمد.‏روش تحقیق: به منظور تعیین بهترین زمان برداشت روی صفات مورد نظر آویشن باغی آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان (اصفهان) در سال 1388 و 1389 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی، دوره‌ های فنولوژیکی (زمان­های برداشت) بود که عبارت از دوره رویشی، ظهور آغازه‌های گل، ظهور50 درصد گل ‌آذین‌ها، گلدهی کامل و زمان تشکیل بذر بودند. میزان تیمول اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت.نتایج و بحث: در این آزمایش مشخص شد که تأثیر دوره های فنولوژیک بر بازده و عملکرد اسانس، درصد و عملکرد تیمول گیاه آویشن باغی در سطح یک درصد معنی دار بود. مقایسه میانگین تیمارها نشان داد که بیشترین بازده اسانس مربوط به آغاز گلدهی بود که معادل 42/2% شد و نسبت به سایرین اختلاف معنی دار داشت. تجزیه و شناسایی ترکیب­های تشکیل دهنده اسانس­ها نشان داد که در تمام مراحل برداشت تیمول ترکیب اصلی اسانس بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: به طور کلی با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، می توان مرحله 50% گلدهی را به عنوان مناسب ترین زمان برداشت برای عملکرد اسانس و تیمول آویشن باغی معرفی نمود. Manuscript profile
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        55 - ارزیابی تأثیر متغیر های فراصوت بر استخراج ترکیبات فنولی موجود در پوست سبز بادام (Prunus amygdalus)
        ویکتوریا مسعودی اعظم اعرابی
        مقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده می‌شود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول More
        مقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده می‌شود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول جانبی که امروزه صرفاً برای تغذیه دام استفاده می‌شود جهت بررسی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک و خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی آنها استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق استخراج ترکیبات فنولی با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ و با کمک نرم­ افزار مینی تب مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و اثر چهار پارامتر دما، زمان تیمار با فراصوت، فرکانس امواج فراصوت و غلظت اتانول هر کدام در پنج سطح بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی مورد بررسی و بهینه‌سازی قرار گرفت. در نهایت تاثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد بر میزان استخراج این ترکیبات بررسی شده م با روش متداول سوکسله مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آزمون­ها بر اساس طراحی انجام شده نشان داد که مقدار بهینه استخراج در شرایطی که اتانول 86 %، دما 50 درجه سانتی‌گراد، زمان 75 دقیقه و فرکانس 163هرتز باشد به‌دست می‌آید. همچنین تأثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد (پوست بادام ) در نسبت­های (w/w 1:10، 1:20، 1:30، 1:40) طبق شرایط بهینه به­ دست آمده در مرحله قبل با امواج فراصوت ارزیابی گردید و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی عصاره­ های استخراج شده در این شرایط با روش مهار رادیکال آزادDPPHاندازه­گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در نسبت 40:1 حلال به ماده جامد به ترتیب برابر 19/1134 میلی­گرم بر گرم ماده خشک و 42/87 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج این نسبت از حلال و ماده جامد با نتایج به­دست آمده از استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک با روش سوکسله و در حضور اتانول خالص تفاوت معناداری را در ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آن نشان داد. توصیه‌های کاربردی/ صنعتی:. کاربرد تکنیک‌های جدید از جمله امواج فراصوت در استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از منابع گیاهی می‌تواند راهکار موثری نه تنها برای افزایش میزان استخراج این ترکیبات باشد بلکه به دلیل زمان کوتاهتر، آسیب کمتری نیز به این ترکیبات وارد می‌شود. Manuscript profile
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        56 - ارزیابی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی عصاره بخش های مختلف گیاه رازیانه
        آذین غفاری زاده سید منصور سیدنژاد حسین معتمدی فاطمه شهبازی
        مقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایش‌های مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکننده‌ای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باک More
        مقدمه و هدف: رازیانه یک گیاه دارویی و آروماتیک است. آزمایش‌های مختلف پزشکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در شرایط زنده به طور متقاعدکننده‌ای توانایی ضد قارچی ، ضد باکتریایی، آنتی اکسیدانی، ضدترومبوز و فعالیت محافظتی در کبد را نشان داده است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فعالیت ضد باکتریایی عصاره های رازیانه بر روی باکتری‌های بیماری-زا است. روش تحقیق: به این منظور عصاره‌های اتانولی، متانولی و استونی (از طریق روش خیساندن) بر روی بخش‌های مختلف رازیانه (گل، برگ و میوه) آماده شد و فعالیت آن‌ها بر روی برخی گونه‌های باکتریایی گرم مثبت (استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس، باسیلوس سرئوس) و گرم منفی (سودوموناس آئروژینوزا، اشرشیاکلای) از طریق روش استاندارد دیسک دیفوژن امتحان شدند. نتایج: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که حساس‌ترین باکتری نسبت به عصاره استافیلوکوکوس آرئوس و مقاوم‌ترین باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا می‌باشد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در مورد گل رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارند و عصاره اتانولی برگ رازیانه بیشترین خاصیت ضد باکتریایی را دارا هستند و در مورد میوه رازیانه عصاره متانولی و استونی به ترتیب حداکثر و حداقل فعالیت ضد باکتریایی را دارد. در کل نتیجه این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که عصاره گل رازیانه نسبت به بقیه اجزا رازیانه خصوصیات ضد باکتریایی بیشتری دارد.توصیه‌های کاربردی/ صنعتی: مکانیسم عمل رازیانه به علت حضور ترکیبات فنولی و ترپنوئیدی است. این ترکیبات به طور بالقوه بر روی نفوذپذیری غشای باکتری‌ها اثر می‌گذارد و در نتیجه باعث مرگ سلول می‌شود. بنابراین عصاره رازیانه می‌تواند برای کنترل باکتری‌های مقاوم به چندین آنتی‌بیوتیک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile
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        57 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات پلی فنولی و همبستگی بین آنها در کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش
        حکیمه علومی شهریار شاکری مجید بهزادی
        مقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی More
        مقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی می‌باشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی شد. فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز و پروکسیداز در میلی گرم پروتئین محاسبه شد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره بر اساس روش فسفومولیبدات، درصد مهارDPPH و قدرت احیا فریک مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین می‌باشد. فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز معادل 13/3 و 05/0 واحد در میلی گرم پروتئین بود. بر اساس روش DPPH فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره کاسبرگ بسیار بالا می‌باشد. آزمون همبستگی بین پارامترهای مورد بررسی انجام شد. نتایج همبستگی وجود رابطه بین محتوای ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها، آنتوسیانین‌ها و ظرفیت انتی اکسیدانی کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش را در سطح احتمال 5%  تایید می‌کند. توصیه‌های کاربردی: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی شامل ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین می‌باشد. براساس روش های سنجش ظرفت آنتی اکسیدانی، کاسبرگ‌ها فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبولی دارند. بنابراین، عصاره این گیاه بعنوان منبع طبیعی ترکیبات اکسیدان قابل استفاده در صنایع غذایی و داروی گیاهی معرفی می‌گردد. Manuscript profile
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        58 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی از پوسته بادام با روش سطح پاسخ
        غلامرضا ایسپره فاطمه نجاتی مریم جعفری
        10.14196/JHD.2018.133
        مقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان More
        مقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره استخراج شده از پوست بادام با کمک روش اولتراسوند و بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج با استفاده از روش RSM است. روش تحقیق: پوسته سبز بادام به پودر تبدیل شد و به منظور استخراج به نسبت 1:20 با حلال (اتانول-آب) مخلوط و در دمای 35 درجه سانتیگراد تحت تاثیر امواج اولتراسوند برای مدت زمان کافی قرار داده شد. به منظور بهینه سازی فرایند دو فاکتور زمان (در سه سطح شامل 30، 45 و 60 دقیقه) و غلظت اتانول (در سه سطح شامل 0، 35 و 70%) در نرم افزار Design Expert وارد و درنهایت 13 آزمون برای استخراج عصاره طراحی شد. در ادامه غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل با روش فولین سیوکالتیو و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی باروش  DPPHاندازه­گیری شد. نتایج وبحث: براساس نتایج حاصل از بهینه سازی، شرایط نقطه بهینه برای حداکثر استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، شامل 74/35دقیقه زمان استخراج و استفاده از حلا لی حاوی 69/43درصد اتانول پیش بینی شد. تحت این شرایط بهینه، حداکثر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی19/47 درصد و غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل 917/ (mg/ml) بدست آمد. مقایسه نتایج پیش بینی شده توسط نرم افزار و مقادیر تجربی نشان داد که مدل از دقت کافی برای پیش بینی نقطه بهینه برخوردار است. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: این پژوهش نشان داد که پوسته سبز بادام می­تواند بعنوان یک منبع ارزان و قابل دسترس برای استخراج ترکیبات با فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. همچنین، این تحقیق نشان داد اولتراسوند روش مناسبی در تسریع استخراج ترکیبات آنتی­اکسیدانی می باشد. Manuscript profile
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        59 - اندازه گیری میزان ترکیبات فنولیک در کیک اسفنجی حاوی برگ گیاه بادرنجبویه
        ندا سادات نوری زاده محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامت
        مقدمه و هدف:امروزه اکثر مصرف­کنندگان مصرف غذاهای سالم تر را ترجیح می دهند. به این منظور صنعت و محققان به دنبال بهبود کیفیت، طعم، و تنوع محصولات می باشند. گیاهان دارویی و ادویه ها غنی از ترکیبات فنولیک می باشند و توجه صنعت غذا را به خود جلب  کرده اند. زیرا می تو More
        مقدمه و هدف:امروزه اکثر مصرف­کنندگان مصرف غذاهای سالم تر را ترجیح می دهند. به این منظور صنعت و محققان به دنبال بهبود کیفیت، طعم، و تنوع محصولات می باشند. گیاهان دارویی و ادویه ها غنی از ترکیبات فنولیک می باشند و توجه صنعت غذا را به خود جلب  کرده اند. زیرا می توانند کیفیت و ارزش تغذیه­ای غذا را بهبود بخشند. بادرنجبویه نوعی گیاه دارویی آروماتیک بادوام است که حاوی ترکیبات فنولیک فراوان می باشد. از آن جا که بیشتر ماده موثره بادرنجبویه در برگ­های آن است بهتر است که فقط برگ های آن مورد استفاده قرار گیرند تا میزان ماده موثره حاصله بیشتر باشد. در این تحقیق به بررسی اثر جایگزینی آرد با پودر برگ گیاه بادرنجبویه بر خواص کیک اسفنجی پرداخته شد.روش تحقیق:نمونه های کیک حاوی غلظت­های مختلف گیاه ( 5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10درصد) به همراه نمونه شاهد مطابق با استاندارد تهیه کیک اسفنجی تولید گردید. سپس میزان ترکیبات فنولیک به­وسیله دستگاه HPLC مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که افزودن گیاه تا سطح 5/7 درصد از نظر مصرف­کننده قابل­پذیرش است و این نوع کیک به عنوان محصولی با میزان ترکیبات فنولیک بیشتر قابل توصیه می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: در نهایت می توان توصیه کرد که جهت افزایش خواص سلامتی کیک، می­توان از گیاه بادرنجبویه تا سطح 5/7 درصد استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile
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        60 - اثر ضد باکتریایی، میزان ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره الکلی موسیر وحشی (Allium hirtifolium Boiss)
        الهه آل ابراهیم دهکردی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محمود رفیعیان کوپایی
        مقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پی More
        مقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پیشگیری از بیماری ها برخوردار می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین خواص فیتوشیمیایی و اثرات ضد باکتریایی این گیاه انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه،عصاره گیاهان به روش ماسراسیون تهیه و میزان ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی با روش فولین سیکالچو و کلریدآلومینیوم تعیین گردید.برای تعیین خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی از روش DPPH  و جهت بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی از روش براث ماکرودایلوشن استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و رسم نمودارها با نرم افزار Excel صورت گرفت. نتایج و بحث: یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی، فلاونولی و فلاونوئیدی در هرگرم عصاره ی خشک به ترتیب با مقدار 5/135، 59/9 و 77/0میلی گرم مربوط به برگ موسیر می باشد. همچنین نتایج اثر ضد میکروبی این تحقیق نشان داد که عصاره ی برگ و پیاز موسیر بر باکتری های  استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و اسنیتو باکتر بومانی اثر مهارکنندگی و کشندگی  قابل قبولی دارند.کمترین غلظت کشندگی بر باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس در غلظت 64 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر در عصاره ی الکلی برگ و پیاز موسیر مشاهده شد . همچنین بهترین اثرمهارکنندگی مربوط به عصاره ی برگ موسیر در غلظت 128 میکروگرم Manuscript profile
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        61 - اثر زمان های مختلف برداشت بر خصوصیات کمی (مورفولوژیک) و کیفی آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak) در منطقه اصفهان
        احمدرضا گل پرور عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی حسین زینلی امین هادی پناه
        مقدمه و هدف: آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak.) متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) می باشد. این گیاه به عنوان ضد نفخ، هضم کننده غذا، ضداسپاسم، ضد سرفه و خلط آور و به علت داشتن ترکیب اصلی تیمول و کارواکرول در صنایع دارویی، بهداشتی و آرایشی کاربرد فراوانی دارد.&nbsp More
        مقدمه و هدف: آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak.) متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) می باشد. این گیاه به عنوان ضد نفخ، هضم کننده غذا، ضداسپاسم، ضد سرفه و خلط آور و به علت داشتن ترکیب اصلی تیمول و کارواکرول در صنایع دارویی، بهداشتی و آرایشی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر زمان برداشت بر صفات مورد نظر آویشن دنایی ‎آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ‏خوارسگان (اصفهان) در سال های 1388 و 1389 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی، دوره‌ های فنولوژیکی (زمان­های ‏برداشت) شامل دوره رویشی، ظهور آغازه‌های گل، ظهور 50 درصد گل ‌آذین‌ها، گلدهی کامل و ‏زمان تشکیل بذر بود.‏نتایج و بحث: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تأثیر مراحل مختلف برداشت روی صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر بوته، تعداد شاخه، ارتفاع بلندترین ساقه، وزن تر و خشک بیوماس و میزان تیمول در سطح یک درصد و برای سایر صفات تفاوت­ها معنی دار نبود. نتایج به دست آمده از مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (83/31 سانتی متر) از مرحله بذردهی حاصل شد. بیشترین قطر بوته (50/38 سانتی­متر) از مرحله بذردهی به دست آمد که تفاوت معنی داری با اکثر مراحل، داشت. از طرفی، بیشترین وزن تر بیوماس (10621 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و بیشترین وزن خشک بیوماس (4243 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از مرحله بذردهی و کمترین وزن تر بیوماس (5545 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین وزن خشک بیوماس (2035 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از مرحله رویشی حاصل شد. بیشترین درصد اسانس (1.41 %) از مرحله 50% گلدهی و بیشترین میزان تیمول (84.1%) از مرحله رویشی حاصل شد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی:‌ به طورکلی با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، می توان مرحله بذردهی را به عنوان مناسب ترین زمان برداشت به منظور حصول حداکثر عملکرد وزن تر و خشک بیوماس آویشن دنایی معرفی نمود اما برای دستیابی به بیشترین میزان تیمول مرحله رویشی را معرفی نمود. Manuscript profile
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        62 - ترکیب شیمیایی، پروفیل اسیدهای چرب و ارزش زیستی تانن در هسته‌های خرمای منتخب در ایران
        آ. رضایی‌نیا ع.ع. ناصریان ا. مختارپور
        این مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قا More
        این مطالعه به منظور بررسی ترکیب شیمیایی و پروفایل اسیدهای چرب هسته­های شش واریته غالب خرما پرورش یافته در ایران شامل برهی، استعمران، مضافتی، خاصی، خرک و زاهدی و اثرات زیستی تانن آنها به صورت تولید گاز در شرایط برون تنی انجام گرفت. قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD)، انرژی قابل متابولیسم (ME) و غلظت اسیدهای چرب کوتاه زنجیر (SCFA) پس از 24 ساعت کشت با و بدون استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلیکول (PEG) تخمین زده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تمام واریته­های هسته خرما حاوی مقادیر بالای فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، عصاره اتری و کل ترکیبات فنولی بودند که دامنه تغییر آنها به ترتیب برابر با 689 تا 782، 82 تا 118 و 41 تا 110 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. ولی، دارای سطوح پایین پروتئین خام (50 تا 69 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و خاکستر (10 تا 26 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) بودند. کروماتوگرافی گازی نشان داد که اسید چرب غیر اشباع اصلی اسید اولئیک (13/40 تا 35/46 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود، درحالی که اسید چرب اشباع اصلی اسید لوریک (96/20 تا 25/26 گرم در 100 گرم اسید چرب) بود. بجز استعمران، همه واریته­ها دارای OMD (کمتر از 334 گرم در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) و ME (کمتر از 1/4 مگاژول در کیلوگرم ماده خشک) پایین بودند. استفاده از PEG حجم گاز تولیدی، OMD، ME و SCFA را افزایش داد (05/0P<) که نشان دهنده اثر ممانعت کنندگی تانن­های هسته خرما بر تخمیر میکروبی است. کل تانن با ارزش تغذیه­ای (OMD و ME) هسته­های خرما همبستگی منفی داشت. می­توان نتیجه­گیری کرد که با وجود قابلیت هضم و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پایین، هسته خرما بدلیل وجود مقادیر زیاد کربوهیدرات­ ساختمانی و عصاره اتری ممکن است به عنوان منبع دیگری از خوراک تلقی گردد. Manuscript profile
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        63 - تعیین ارزش غذایی گیاه مرتعی پوآ با استفاده از روش‌های آزمایشگاهی، تولید گاز و کیسه‌های نایلونی
        ف. میرزائی آقجه قشلاق ا. قربانی ع. مهدوی ب. نویدشاد س. کرامتی جبه‌دار
        این پژوهش به منظور تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم، قابلیت هضم و میزان تولید گاز گونه مرتعی پوآ (Poa trivialis) صورت گرفت. نمونه‌ها در سه مرحله فنولوژیکی شامل: رشد رویشی، گل ‌دهی و بذر دهی و در دو ارتفاع متفاوت واقع در منطقه نئور با ارتفاع 1500-1300 و منطقه More
        این پژوهش به منظور تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم، قابلیت هضم و میزان تولید گاز گونه مرتعی پوآ (Poa trivialis) صورت گرفت. نمونه‌ها در سه مرحله فنولوژیکی شامل: رشد رویشی، گل ‌دهی و بذر دهی و در دو ارتفاع متفاوت واقع در منطقه نئور با ارتفاع 1500-1300 و منطقه هیر با ارتفاع 2000-1800 متر، به ترتیب به عنوان سایت‌های ارتفاعی اول و دوم جمع‌آوری شدند. برای انجام آزمون گاز از دستگاه نیمه اتوماتیک تولید گاز مدل WT-Binder 87532  (ساخت کشور آلمان) استفاده گردید. برای تهیه مایع شکمبه مورد نیاز از گوسفند نر اخته شده فیستولادار استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در مرحله رشد رویشی نسبت به سایر مراحل، میزان پروتئین خام بیشتر و دیواره سلولی کمتر بود. میزان تولید گاز در مرحله اول رشدی در مقایسه با سایر مراحل رویشی، بیشتر بود. مقدار تولید گاز از بخش‌های محلول و نامحلول پوآ در سایت یک و دو به ترتیب 63/75 و 50/81 میلی­لیتر تعیین گردید. میزان انرژی قابل متاولیسمPoa trivialis در مرحله رویشی برای سایت یک 38/2 و سایت دو 48/2 مگاکالری بر کیلوگرم ماده خشک برآورد شد. نمونه‌های گیاه جمع‌آوری شده از سایت دو دارای مقادیر انرژی قابل متابولیسم، قابلیت هضم، تجزیه­پذیری و تولید گاز بیشتری نسبت به سایت اول بودند. Manuscript profile
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        64 - The effect of harvesting time on germination characteristics and some antioxidant properties of different wheat varieties
        Marzieh Shakerian1 Mojtaba Alavifazel2* Mani Mojaddam3
        In order to study the effect of harvesting time on germination characteristics and some antioxidant properties of different wheat varieties, this study was carried out in a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in Izeh city. The experiment More
        In order to study the effect of harvesting time on germination characteristics and some antioxidant properties of different wheat varieties, this study was carried out in a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications in Izeh city. The experiment factors consisted of harvesting time at two levels of harvesting in hard-paste and harvesting stage at maturity stage and bread and durum wheat cultivars in six levels of Natasha, Aflak, Chamran, Dehdasht, Behrang and Karkheh. The results showed that the highest antioxidant content of the seeds, such as polyphenol, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity, belonged to Chamran cultivar and harvest at maturity stage. The least of these cultivars was Aflak and Karkheh cultivars in the stage of hardening. Also, harvest time significantly affected germination percentage and seedling length of different wheat cultivars. The percentage of germination with accelerated grain harvest decreased significantly. In interaction, harvest time and cultivar had the highest percentage of seed germination (99%) to Chamran and Dehdasht cultivars and harvest at seedling stage. Reducing the percentage of germination and consequently reducing seedling length with accelerated seed harvesting in the dough step of hardening of the seeds resulted in reduced seed yield. In general, maximum germination and antioxidant content was obtained from harvesting stage at maturity stage. Chamran cultivar compared to other cultivars showed significant superiority in terms of traits. Manuscript profile
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        65 - بررسی تأثیر سرما برعملکردگندم آبی به منظور تعیین شاخص بیمه ای (مطالعه موردی استان فارس)
        نرگس اطمینان غلامعلی کمالی
        Manuscript profile
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        66 - Nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) M. Bieb. and Halostachys caspica (Pall.) C. A. Meyer in different phenological stages (Case study: north-western rangelands of Golestan province)
        Majid Sharifi-Rad غلامعلی حشمتی محمد باقر باقریه نجار
        This research was performed to determine the nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica and study the effects of different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) on the chemical composition in these species. The results showed th More
        This research was performed to determine the nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica and study the effects of different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) on the chemical composition in these species. The results showed that crude protein, ADF, NDF, DDM, ash, EE, ME, DMI, RFV, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were different significantly in different phenological stages (p<0.05). With the growth progress, ADF and NDF increased but crude protein, DDM, DMI, ME and RFV decreased significantly in both species (P<0.05). Results showed that H. caspica had better quality than H. Strobilaceum (RFV: H. caspica> H. strobilaceum). The content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese measured at different growth stages, were more than critical level for ruminants.; however, the content of phosphorus and zinc were less than critical level. Generally, mineral elements of two species are provided all elements livestock needs, except zinc and phosphorus. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Investigation on forage quality changes of Gymnocarpus decander in different phenological stages in Hormozgan province (Case Study: Rudan)
        Mohammad Amin Naseri Bazyari Mohammad Pichand Kian Najafi-Tireh-Shabankareh
        Determining the forage quality is one of the main factors required for proper, systematic and comprehensive management of rangelands. This research carried out to investigate forage quality of Gymnocarpus decander in the region of Rudan, at three phenological stages (ve More
        Determining the forage quality is one of the main factors required for proper, systematic and comprehensive management of rangelands. This research carried out to investigate forage quality of Gymnocarpus decander in the region of Rudan, at three phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seed ripening). At each stage, 3 replications and in each replication 3 plants selected randomly, and sampled from the aerial shoots. Then, samples were analyzed to determine the quality traits including crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), Natural detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolic energy (ME), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Ash Stands, Ether Extract (EE) phosphorus (P) and Calcium (Ca). The data were analyzed with SPSS statistical software and mean comparisons were performed using Duncan's multiple range test. The Results showed that the forage quality in this species decreased with growth stages increasing. crude protein was the lowest in seeding stage and there was significant between vegetative growth and flowering stages. Metabolizable energy in flowering stage were more than both other stages. Vegetative growth and flowering stages has more quality than seeding stage and forage quality in seeding stage the best time of grazing be considered. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Nutritional value of two plant species containing Salvia hydrangea and Sophora alopecuroides in two phenological stages
        Mohsen Kazemi Reza Valizadeh
        Nowadays, the nutritional dimensions of some range and mountain plants for livestock are somewhat unclear, while awareness of the nutritional value of these plants can help the animal husbandries to provide an ideal diet. Hence, some chemical compounds, minerals, gas pr More
        Nowadays, the nutritional dimensions of some range and mountain plants for livestock are somewhat unclear, while awareness of the nutritional value of these plants can help the animal husbandries to provide an ideal diet. Hence, some chemical compounds, minerals, gas production parameters and other fermentation parameters of two plant species (including Salvia hydrangea and Sophora alopecuroides) growable in rangelands of Torbat-e Jam (spring 2018) were determined in two phenological growth stages (vegetative and flowering) and then they were compared in a completely randomized design using SAS software. Different chemical and mineral compounds were observed between the two plants and their two different growth stages. The highest amount of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (42.40 and 30.60%, respectively) and acid detergent lignin (11.88%) were related to Sophora alopecuroides in flowering phase and the highest amount of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium was observed in the vegetative phase. Gas production parameters and other fermentation parameters were also different between two plants, so that the highest amount of gas production after 12, 24 and 48 h incubation (40.76, 51.25, 53.98 ml), potential gas production (57.19 ml), organic matter and dry matter digestibility (65.90 and 69.30%, respectively), metabolizable energy (9.29 MJ/kg DM), net energy for lactation (5.54 MJ/kg DM), and total volatile fatty acids (56.85 mmol/L) were observed in vegetative stage of Salvia hydrangea. Both two studied plants, especially in the vegetative stage, have a fairly good nutritional value, but according to the laboratory results, Salvia hydrangea seems to have a higher nutritional potential. Manuscript profile
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        69 - Response of growth, development and yield of peanut to changes in temperature and carbon dioxide
        سید علی نورحسینی Afshin Soltani Hossein Ajamnoroozi
        In order to evaluate the effect of temperature changes at carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth, development and yield of peanuts (cultivar North Carolina 2), SSM-Peanut model was used. The SSM-peanut model was used to run different scenarios including combination More
        In order to evaluate the effect of temperature changes at carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth, development and yield of peanuts (cultivar North Carolina 2), SSM-Peanut model was used. The SSM-peanut model was used to run different scenarios including combination of -1, -2, -3, -4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 oC changes in temperature and CO2 concentration of 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 ppm. This study was performed using data from field experiments conducted in Astaneh Ashrafieh. Simulation were applied using actual meteorological data of the period 2007-2015 from Kiashahr Synoptic Station (37o23' N, 49o53' E) for future conditions and under all scenarios. The results showed that the temperature reduction compared to the current conditions, increased the day to the phonological stages in peanuts. So that, days to maturity increased from 135 to 166 days. However, fluctuation in temperature from 1 to 5oC decreased days to maturity from 135 to 116 days. Reducing the temperature compared to the current conditions reduced the yield of peanuts. So, in the present situation, the yield of seeds and pods decreased by 40%, with a decrease of 4°C. But increase in CO2 concentration will compensate this decrease, So that by reducing the temperature of 4 °C at the concentration of 550 ppm CO2 resulted in a 37% decrease in peanut yields. Increasing temperature of 2 °C resulted to increase grain yield and peanut pod by 8%. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Phytochemical study of Zataria multiflora Boiss in different ecological conditions
        Ahmad Niczad Shahram Sharafzadeh Ardalan Alizadeh Bahram Amiri Forood Bazrafshan
        In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic More
        In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract. Essential oils were extracted from all ecotypes by hydro-distillation via Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) . In total, 52 compounds were identified in the essential oils of different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), -Terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %) and carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %). Determination of total phenol and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Polyphenolic components of extracts of different ecotypes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of all ecotypes included: Thymol, Carvacrol, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid. The results showed that Neyriz ecotype has the highest percentage of essential oil and the highest percentage of thymol. The highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in Larestan ecotype. The predominant polyphenolic component was thymol and was observed in the Fasa ecotype. Manuscript profile
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        71 - Investigating the phytochemical characteristics of seven salvia species native to Iran
        zahra aghaee Ardalan Alizadeh Mehrzad Honarvar Ramin Babadaei Samani
        Salvia belongs to the mint family and is one of the medicinal plants that has proven its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial properties for the essential oils and extracts of these plants based on recent research. In the present thesis, the a More
        Salvia belongs to the mint family and is one of the medicinal plants that has proven its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial properties for the essential oils and extracts of these plants based on recent research. In the present thesis, the aerial part of seven plant species of Salvia including Salvia sharifii, S. aegyptiaca, S. santolinifolia, S. compressa, S. eremophila, S. macilenta, S. macrosiphon in the spring of 2020, in the stage of full flowering by natural habitat different from Hormozgan province were collected. The study of volatile compounds of these species by GC / MS method led to the identification and determination of compounds such as α –Pinene, Linalool, Limonene, (E)-Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, Geraniol, Borneol, Menthol and p-Cymene. DPPH method evaluated the antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of seven species of Salvia. The highest IC50 belonged to S. aegyptiaca and santolinifolia and there was no significant difference with each other and the lowest IC50 belonged to S. macilenta. The highest percentage of free radical scavenging belonged to S. macilenta at a concentration of 1600 μg / ml. HPLC was used to measure the polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of Salvia species. A total of 17 compounds were identified in methanolic extracts, of which only were detected Hesperetin, Rosmarinic acid, Trans-ferulic acid, Eugenol, Hesperedin, Carvacrol, Coumarin, Quercetin and Catechin. The results of this study showed that the amount of total phenol in S. eremophila species was the highest and was significantly different from other species. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Relationship between the elements in plant Galium verum and soil characteristics (Case example: Martyrs Valley, West Azarbaijan province)
        R. Ahmadkhany A. Ariapour A. Ahmadi Y. Ahmadkhany
        The relationship between vegetation and soil of the semi-arid areas in management and planning, especially when the goal is to reform, regenerate and protect the soil cover. For this purpose, a study of pasture species Galium verum in phenological phases in three differ More
        The relationship between vegetation and soil of the semi-arid areas in management and planning, especially when the goal is to reform, regenerate and protect the soil cover. For this purpose, a study of pasture species Galium verum in phenological phases in three different soils in the valley of the martyrs was carried out in 2011. Plant and soil samples from an area in the north with three types of soil with three replicates were randomly collected systematically. Average of data using variance analysis andDuncan test, and correlation between soil and plants through a single linear regression was performed using SPSS by Stepwise method. Factors measured in soil samples included: Saturation, Organic carbon, N, P, K, Ca, pH, EC, Lime, Clay, Sand, Silt and elements in plant samples were (P, K, Ca, N, DM). The results showed a correlation between soil factors and plant So that the different phenological stages, phosphorus plant lime, sand, clay, silt and soil saturation were sensitive and the reduction of silt, clay and soil saturation, and the lime and sand reduced the phosphorus plant. In the active growth phase, reduction of silt and soil saturation and increasing the lime and sand reduced nitrogen in plants and decreased sensitivity in flowering phase. Therefore, the only effective agent in reducing the nitrogen plant is reducing the silt. The highest seed yield factor influencing plant nitrogen-phosphorus soils is So that the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus on plant-soil interactions. Therefore it is concluded that different plants react differently to changes in soil properties and can be represented as a habitat for forage quality. Manuscript profile
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        73 - Quality changes investigating of Prangos ferulaceae in different phenological stages in two site of Fars province
        M. Freidooni B. Amir H. Gharadaghi A. Keshavarz
        Determination of forage quality is one of the main factors required for proper, systematic and comprehensive management of rangelands. This can help range managers to choose suitable plant for animal feeding. The most effective factor on forage quality is the growth sta More
        Determination of forage quality is one of the main factors required for proper, systematic and comprehensive management of rangelands. This can help range managers to choose suitable plant for animal feeding. The most effective factor on forage quality is the growth stage which determines the proper time of livestock grazing or forage harvesting in range. Also, range species quality changes in different sites. Therefore, this research carried out to investigate nutritive value of Prangos Ferulacea in two regions of Fars: Sepidan and Kazerun, at three phenological stages (vegetative, flowering and seed ripening). At each stage of phenology, 5 replications and in each replication 4 plants were selected randomly, and samplings from the aerial shoots were conducted. After drying and grinding, samples were analyzed by chemicals to determine the quality traits including crude protein (CP), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolic energy (ME), digestible energy (DE), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan test, using SPSS software. Results showed that the forage quality in this species decreased with growth stages increasing. Based on the comparison between Prangos Ferulacea and other forage species, this species can be used for animal feeding. Contrary to the expectations, the species quality in Kazerun is better than Sepidan. Considering the forage quality changes, the late of vegetative stage and the early of flowering stage are the best times for gazing or harvesting in both sites. Manuscript profile
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        74 - Study of various plant density effects on some phonological traits of five sweet and super sweet corn varieties
        Mozhdeh Afshari Farhad Azizi Alireza Pazoki Noorali Sajedi
        In order to study effect of there plant densities on phonological traits of 5 exotic sweet and super sweet corn varieties, this experiment was carried out in a factorial design based on RCBD with 3 replications. Experiment was done at research field of Seed and Plant Im More
        In order to study effect of there plant densities on phonological traits of 5 exotic sweet and super sweet corn varieties, this experiment was carried out in a factorial design based on RCBD with 3 replications. Experiment was done at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute at Karaj during 2008.  Results showed that, effect of various plant densities have non-significant on days to tassel formation, pollination and ASI, but the studied densities showed some effect on days to silk development, with respect to the experiment results, the increase of plant density from 75000 to 95000 plant/ha, caused the days to silk development to increase too, and varieties which needed more days to silk development, were also late maturing varieties. There was significant difference between the studied values regarding the days to tassel formation, the days to pollination, and the days to silk development which was absent with respect to ASI. The Obsession variety showed the highest number of days to tassel formation, pollention and silk which indicates its late maturing in comparison to other studied varieties. Manuscript profile
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        75 - Evaluation of some agronomic and phonological attributes in spring bread wheat genotypes
        S. Barani M. Shokrpour
                       In order to study of some agronomic and phenological attributes, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili with use 29 More
                       In order to study of some agronomic and phenological attributes, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili with use 29 spring bread wheat genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that among genotypes for grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and tillering time had significant difference in level %1 probability but, for flowering time and ripening time had not significant difference. The grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with biological yield, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and harvest index  but, showed a negative correlation and significantly with tillering time. The flowering time have positive linkage and significantly with tillering time and showed negative correlation and significantly with havest index. According to the results, Shiroudi, Nick-Nejad & Alborz, cultivars many of agronomic & phenological traits, desirable and than the other genotypes excelled and produced acceptable grain yield. Therefore, can be expressed production in different whead cultivars influenced by its genotypes. Manuscript profile
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        76 - Evaluation effect of different planting dates on quantity and quality characteristics and grain yield in spring cultivars of rapeseed
        M. Moballeghi M. Sam Daliri S. Dastan A. A. Mousavi S. A. Rasouli
        In order to evaluation affect of different planting dates on quantity and quality characteristics and grain yield in spring cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.), an experiment was carried out at split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications a More
        In order to evaluation affect of different planting dates on quantity and quality characteristics and grain yield in spring cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.), an experiment was carried out at split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at Chaloos region in 2010. Main factor was planting datrs in including (4 and 19 February, 5 March and 20 April) and sub factor was canola cultivars including Hayola 401, Sarigol, RGS003 and Zarfam. Results showed with delay in planting date, phonological traits including vegetative period long, flowering period long and growth period long were decreased. The maximum of grain yield (2325 kg.ha-1) were obtained in 4 February, because the most of the pod length, pod number per plant and seed number per pod due this treatment. Delay in planting date to cause of decreased significant different on quantity and quality characteristics and due to decreased grain yield. Hayola 401 and Sarigol cultivar had been the most grain yield (2136 and 2086 kh.ha-1), and RGS003 and Zarfam cultivars had been the least grain yield (1972 and 1904 kg.ha-1). The least of oil yield were obtained in 20 April and the most of oil yield were produced in 4 and 19 February. Hayola and Sarigol cultivars had been the most of oil yield and RGS003 and Zarfam cultivars had been the least of oil yield. Non significant between planting dates × cultivars for investigated characteristics were indicated traits in cultivars, all of traits had been same change due to in different planting dates. Therefore, planting date of 4 February due to as most of grain yield introduced the best of treatment Manuscript profile
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        77 - Evaluation affect of different planting dates on quantity and quality characteristics and grain yield in spring cultivars of canola
        M. Sam Daliri S. Dastan A. A. Mousavi S. A. Rasouli M. Moballeghi
              In order to evaluation affect of different planting dates on quantity and quality characteristics and grain yield in spring cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.), an experiment was carried out at split plot based on RCBD with three repli More
              In order to evaluation affect of different planting dates on quantity and quality characteristics and grain yield in spring cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.), an experiment was carried out at split plot based on RCBD with three replications at Chaloos region in 2010. Main factor were selected planting dates (4 and 19 February, 5 March and 20 April) and sub factor was canola cultivars including Hayola 401, Sarigol, RGS003 and Zarfam. Results showed with delay in planting date, phonological traits including vegetative period long, flowering period long and growth period long were decreased. The maximum of grain yield (2325 kg.ha-1) were obtained in 4 February, because the most of the pod length, pod number per plant and seed number per pod due this treatment. Delay in planting date to cause of decreased significant different on quantity and quality characteristics and due to decreased grain yield. Hayola 401 and Sarigol cultivar had been the most grain yield (2136 and 2086 kh.ha-1), and RGS003 and Zarfam cultivars had been the least grain yield (1972 and 1904 kg.ha-1). The least of oil yield were obtained in 20 April and the most of oil yield were produced in 4 and 19 February. Hayola and Sarigol cultivars had been the most of oil yield and RGS003 and Zarfam cultivars had been the least of oil yield. Non significant between planting dates×cultivars for investigated characteristics were indicated traits in cultivars, all of traits had been same change due to in different planting dates. Therefore, planting date of 4 February due to as most of grain yield introduced the best of treatment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        78 - Effects of climatologic parameters, day length and temperature, on phonologic occurrence of soybean lines and cultivars
        SH. Nasr-e-Esfahani J. Daneshian E. Pazira
        Climatic parameters effects as day length and air temperature were studied on phenologic characteristics of soybean. Four separated experiments were done at May 21st till Jul. 5th of 2008 by 15 days increment as four planting dates were used for evaluating of 15 soybean More
        Climatic parameters effects as day length and air temperature were studied on phenologic characteristics of soybean. Four separated experiments were done at May 21st till Jul. 5th of 2008 by 15 days increment as four planting dates were used for evaluating of 15 soybean cultivars and lines. Selected varieties were Williams, Zane, M4, M12, S.R.F., A3935, A3237, L17, Union, Grangelb, Clark, Tns95, Elf, Miandoab and Calland. The experiments laid out in RCBD with 3 replications. Williams variety was set as control and the effect of day length and temperature were considered by planting dates treatment. The characteristics such as day to flowering, day to pod and seed formation, day to end of flowering and maturity, reproductivity and maturity development stage growth period were selected as main phonologic aspects. The results indicated that all phenologic characteristics were affected by planting date, cultivars factors and their interaction. Delaying in planting date caused to facilated in flowering, pod and seed formation, end flowering, full maturity times, flowering and reproductive development stages. Photoperiod was effective on all cultivars and lines. Increasing of photoperiod made delaying on maturity time in all cultivars and lines. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        79 - Evaluation phonological traits and some of agronomic characteristics of soybean varieties under different planting dates in Ardabil region
        S. S. Moosavi S. Chavoshi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        80 - Study of yield and yield component of wheat cultivars in Alborz
        Mohsen Yousefi Rahim Amoujani Faramarz Hariri Moghadam Ali Saeidi
        The present research was done (2016-2017) in order to investigate the comparison of wheat cultivars regarding yield and yield component in alborz, Qazvin. These cultivars included: Pishgam, Heydari, Parsi, Sivand and c-91-4 that analyzed as Randomized Complete Block Des More
        The present research was done (2016-2017) in order to investigate the comparison of wheat cultivars regarding yield and yield component in alborz, Qazvin. These cultivars included: Pishgam, Heydari, Parsi, Sivand and c-91-4 that analyzed as Randomized Complete Block Design in 3 replications. Analysis of variance showed that cultivars had significant effect on grain yield at 1% level. The results of the comparison of the cultivars showed that Pishgam with the average of 6035 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield, which was statistically classified in a common group with a C-91-4 (average 5630 kg.ha-1). Mihan with the average of 4400 kg.ha-1 had the lowest grain yield that was in a same group statistically with Parsi, Heydari and Sivand cultivars. The reasons for the superiority of grain yield in Pishgam cultivar are due to the higher number of seeds per spike and the number of spikes per unit area. Analysis of variance showed that the cultivar had a significant effect on biological yield at 1% level. The results showed that Sivand cultivar had the highest biological yield with 28110 kg / ha. The lowest biological yield was observed in Pishgam and Heidari cultivars. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        81 - Evaluation of some phonological, morphological traits with yield and yield components of chickpea genotype in Fall planting under the dry farming condition
        Abbas Ranjbar
        A study of some phonological, morphological traits with yield and yield components of chickpea genotypes in Fall planting under dry farming condition was carried out through an experiment at Agricultural and Natural Research station of Ardabil in 2010-2011. The experime More
        A study of some phonological, morphological traits with yield and yield components of chickpea genotypes in Fall planting under dry farming condition was carried out through an experiment at Agricultural and Natural Research station of Ardabil in 2010-2011. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 15 chickpea genotypes with four replications. Characteristics were days of anthesis, poding , maturity, plant height, number of branches, number of fertile and non-fertile pod, number of seed per plant, 100-seed weight, biomass yield , harvest index and seed yield per plant. The results of variance analysis showed that all of studying traits except non-fertile pod per plant were significantly affected by experiment treatments. ( Flip 98-138C*Se 199 TER 85074)*SEL99TH15039 and CA9738007*SEL99TER85534 genotypes had maximum and minimum days to anthesis, respectively. The highest plant height belonged to Flip97-118C genotype and Local variety had the lowest value. This genotype had the highest branches per plant. CA9783007*SeL99TER 85534 genotype had the highest fertile pod and seed per plant, although the lowest seed number per plant belonged to Djam genotype. The highest 100-seed weight was obtained from ( ILC4291*Flip98-129C)*S98008 and S99326*SEL99TH15042 genotypes. This genotype had the highest biomass per plant and harvest index, too. There were positive and significant correlations between number of fertile pod and seed per plant, 100-seed weight, biomass and HI with seed yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        82 - Effect of Planting Date and Zinc Sulfate on Phenology, Growth Indices and Grain Yield of Lallemantiaiberica (M.B.) Fischer & Meyer
        Mina  Rostami Farid  Shekari Kamran  Afsahi Majid  Khiyavi
        The production of oilseeds, edible leaves, and secondary metabolites of dragon's head makes it an important food, forage, and medicinal plant. Choosing a proper planting date and plant nutrition can make a significant effecton crop plantsgrowth, quality and yield.The ef More
        The production of oilseeds, edible leaves, and secondary metabolites of dragon's head makes it an important food, forage, and medicinal plant. Choosing a proper planting date and plant nutrition can make a significant effecton crop plantsgrowth, quality and yield.The effects of planting date (16 March, 14 April, and 13 May 2019) and foliar application of zinc sulfate (zero as control, 2 and 4 g.L-1) on growth indices and seed yield of dragon's head was evaluated under a field experiment.Delayed planting date reduced the days to flowering, days to seed ripening, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and grain yield, and yield components.In contrast, the use of zinc sulfate increased plant height, LAI, CGR and RGR. There was a correlation between plant height and number of branches and consequently there were more capsules per plant.The highest effect of zinc sulfate application on seed yield and yield components was observed in the first planting date and with delay in planting, the efficiency of zinc sulfate fertilizer application decreased. On the third planting date, zinc sulfate application had no significant effect on grain yield. As a result of late planting, fewer branches, fewer capsules per plant, and smaller seeds contributed to the yield reduction.It was found that early cultivation and application of zinc sulfate increased plant height, number of branches, number of capsules per plant, 1000-seed weight, and thus seed yield, by increasing the days to flowering, days to ripening, LAI, CGR, and RGR. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        83 - d
        abbas azimnezhad yusof niknezhad amar bahari atefeh pourasadalahi ahmad gholami
        d
        d Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        84 - Extraction of bioactive compounds and determination of antioxidant activity Echium amoenum
        Simin Arabi Assal Farrokh Eslamlou Zahra Ezzatpour Ghadim sarvenaz Maghsoodi
        Introduction: Plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants and produce various antioxidative compounds to counteract reactive oxygen species. Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. Ech More
        Introduction: Plants are potential sources of natural antioxidants and produce various antioxidative compounds to counteract reactive oxygen species. Consumption of plant derived antioxidant contributes to reducing risks of certain chronic and degenerative diseases. Echium amoenum also named as Gol-e-gavzaban in persian, is one of the most important species of Boraginaceae family and commonly found in the North of Iran. Echium amoenum is usually used as herbal tea in Iran for conditions such as common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, cough, stress and fatigue. The dried violet–blue petals of Iranian Borage also possess diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative, mood enhancer, antifebrile, laxative, anti-depressant, cardiotonic and blood rectifying properties. Recently, this plant is known as an effective factor against cancer. The present study was conducted at Islamic Azad University of Tehran Medical Sciences. The aim of the present study was to determine total phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Echium amoenum from Kelardasht region.Experimental: E. amoenum plants were collected from Kelardasht region in Mazandaran province, Iran (2020, June) at the flowering stage, identified by the herbarium of the Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands. The aerial of E. amoenum dried in shade at room for 6 days and ground to a fine powder. The plant sample (50 g) was extracted using Ethanol and Acetone solvents in different concentrations by maceration method. Afterward, the ethanolic and acetonic extracts of E. amoenum were filtered through Whatman No.1 filter paper. The ethanolic extract was evaporated to dryness under reduce pressure (rotary evaporator Buchi R-300, Switzerland) and acetonic extract was concentrated by vaccum oven (Memmert VO49, Germany) at 35°C. Then the extracts were dried by freeze dryer (UO11, Iran) at -40°C and were pulverized. In this study, extraction of total phenolic compounds from E. amoenum by Acetone and Ethanol solvents in three different concentrations (pure, 50% and 75%) were investigated. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin- Ciocaltue assay and were expressed as mg of gallic acid per g of extract. Then the antioxidant capacity of extracts were assessed by DPPH radical-scavenging activity and reducing power assay and compared with BHT and ascorbic acid standardsResults and Disscussion: In all extracts, the highest total phenolic contents were observed in 50 percentage concentration so that in these conditions, total phenolic contents of acetonic and ethanolic extracts were obtained as 82.9 and 77.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract, respectively, ( p ≤ 0.05). Extracts showed antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Acetonic extract had more antioxidant activity and DPPH radical-scavenging than ethanolic exrtact. The increase antioxidant activity of the plant can be attributed to the high amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.Extension: Echium amoenum can be used as a potential source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidant. According to the obtained results based on the high antioxidant properties of this plant, it is suggested that with more researches on extract of E. amoenum can be used more and more in the food industry to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials. Manuscript profile

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