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Open Access Article
1 - A Study of the Achievements of French Orientalists in Algeria (1830-1962 AD)
Majid MenhajiFrench Orientalism is one of the most important and prominent schools of Oriental studies. The main brilliance of French Orientalism in the era of French colonialism can be seen in Algeria, which took strategic steps to establish and advance the goals of colonialism in MoreFrench Orientalism is one of the most important and prominent schools of Oriental studies. The main brilliance of French Orientalism in the era of French colonialism can be seen in Algeria, which took strategic steps to establish and advance the goals of colonialism in Algeria. The collection of French Orientalists includes a number of translators, writers, and artists who are ultimately pluralistic, but must be found in a single orbit. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method to study and analyze the institutions and fields of study and practice of French orientalists in Algeria (1830-1962). The main questions of this article are: What are the institutions and fields of study and practice of French orientalists in Algeria? Findings: Algeria is one of the most important Orientalist experiences, especially after its occupation by France in 1830. Orientalists began preliminary studies and training of the military and politicians a few years before the occupation of Algeria. In three stages, French orientalists achieved great success for their respective governments. The first stage (1830_1879) is mostly witnessed by military orientalists. But the second period (1879_1930) saw the expansion of the activities of French Orientalists, both with the establishment of new schools for teaching the Arabic language and with the holding of Orientalist conferences. This period is the most important period of development and implementation of French colonial cultural policies in Algeria. The third stage (1930_1962) the role of orientalists faded. Orientalists and the Church also served a common goal, especially in the spread of Christianity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - British India and Anti-Colonial Discourse in Contemporary Iran: The Causes of the Beginning and Spread of Anti-Colonial Beliefs among Iranians
Farhad Hajari Abdolrahim Ghanavat Mohsen MassumiAlthough Iran has never been formally colonized, the anti-colonial ideology was disseminated there. The root of Iranian anti-colonial thoughts, often, has been studied in the context of the history of the relations between Iran and European powers such as Britain and Ru MoreAlthough Iran has never been formally colonized, the anti-colonial ideology was disseminated there. The root of Iranian anti-colonial thoughts, often, has been studied in the context of the history of the relations between Iran and European powers such as Britain and Russia. The current research suggests a new opinion and assumes that Iranian used the experience of British colonial in India to form and propagate the anti-colonial discourse. Since the second half of 19th century, a variety of texts concerning British rule in India has written in Persian. A content analysis of these works and the social conditions in which they were embedded indicate that the anti-colonial discourse in Iran was because of fear of loss of national and religious identity and so, they tried to use the British colonial adventures in India for publicizing the anti-colonial ideology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Combining Harmony search algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization algorithm to increase the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks
Zahra Kamaei Hamidreza Bakhshi Behrooz Masoumi -
Open Access Article
4 - A new approach for data visualization problem
MohammadReza Keyvanpour Mona Soleymanpour -
Open Access Article
5 - Post-colonial discourse in world literature (Risheha novel discourse analysis)
افسانه مظفری Mona Asadian Farzaneh SharifiDiscourse analysis is one of the humanities methods which analyzes the implicit concepts of power and ideology in different contexts. This understanding is conducted through different techniques of discourse. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau MoreDiscourse analysis is one of the humanities methods which analyzes the implicit concepts of power and ideology in different contexts. This understanding is conducted through different techniques of discourse. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau and Mouffe’s which adopts the concepts such as the separation of fixed and floating signifier, articulation, moments and elements, opposition and otherness to explore the implicit purposes in the texts. In this study, by using Laclau and Mouffe’s, we tried to analyze the “roots” novel discourse to indentify the approaches in the postcolonial literature. The views of people like Edward Said, Frantz Fanon and Homi Bhabha explain and interpret the post-colonial discourse analysis that would help us in this article. The main objective of this study is to determine the effective signifiers on the dispute between the two discourses: colonial and slavery. The novel, studies on several elements of American culture colonial and colonial African culture and their different.Slabs floating through the articulation of a discourse that is considered Laclau and Mouffe through a chain of equivalence to the original slab or nodes-are connected. In fact, each of these slabs of by the clamp in place and revolves around a specific discourse, its meaning is fixed and everything in this area of discussion diversity rather than be rejected and the discursive field drives. Evidence such as racism, modernity, wisdom, slavery and forced US language and culture around the nodes main articulation of colonial and colonial discourse of the day skeptics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Post-colonial discourse in world literature (Discourse Analysis of Roots)
Afsaneh Mozaffari Mona Asadian Farzaneh SharifiDiscourse analysis uses discriminative techniques to examine the concepts of power and ideology inherent in different texts. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau and Mouffe’s which adopts the concepts such as the separation of fixed and flo MoreDiscourse analysis uses discriminative techniques to examine the concepts of power and ideology inherent in different texts. One of the most important approaches of discourse, is Laclau and Mouffe’s which adopts the concepts such as the separation of fixed and floating signifier, articulation, moments and elements, opposition and otherness to explore the implicit purposes in the texts. In this study, by using Laclau and Mouffe’s, we tried to analyze the “roots” novel discourse to indentify the approaches in the postcolonial literature. The views of people like Edward Said, Frantz Fanon and Homi Bhabha explain and interpret the post-colonial discourse analysis that would help us in this article. The main goal of this research is to identify the effective signifiers of the conflict between colonialist discourse and slavery, which forms the central ideology of the novel of the roots. Racism and slavery were among the important concepts in the discourse of colonialism, which contributed to the hegemonic process of discourse. On the other hand, concepts such as submission, retardation, violence and lack of accountability are also found in the discursive circle of African slavery. The dominance of colonial discourse in the roots of the novel is formed by the rejection of indigenous African concepts and culture and consolidating their western and American meanings in American dominant discourse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Modern Architecture in Nigeria and It’s Trends in Historical Buildings (Failure of modernist in Conservation andRestoration of Historical Buildings)
Bilyaminu Musa -
Open Access Article
8 - Efficiency analysis of the meta-heuristic algorithms in portfolio optimization
Sina Shirtavani Mehdi Homayonfar Keyhan Azadi amir daneshvarThe most important goal of every investor in the stock market is to increase returns and reduce investment risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of meta-heuristic algorithms in stock portfolio optimization. Considering that in thi MoreThe most important goal of every investor in the stock market is to increase returns and reduce investment risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of meta-heuristic algorithms in stock portfolio optimization. Considering that in this research, the past performance of Tehran Stock Exchange companies is examined in past studies from 1390-1399, therefore, in terms of the research design, this research was post-event using Delphi and meta-analysis techniques. The statistical community of this research Academic researchers in the field of finance and active in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and the sampling method in this research was targeted with a volume of 30 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The method of collecting information was structured interview of researchers and review of the results of various studies in the field of determining the optimal stock portfolio in Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to analyze the data, Spss software version 23 and Laserl version 5.7 were used. The results showed that among meta-heuristic algorithms of genetic algorithm, ant colony and bee colony are the most suitable tools with the aim of not stopping at local optimal points and not premature convergence. Finally, after evaluating the appropriate algorithms, a comparison of the average risk and returns of the stock portfolio in genetic algorithms, ant colony and bee colony was done in the study unit, they showed that in terms of the criteria of reducing the risk of genetic and bee algorithms and in terms of increasing the return of the optimal portfolio Stock bee algorithm has worked more efficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Portfolio Selection by Means of Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm and its Comparison with Genetic Algorithm and Ant Colony Algorithm
Mahmoud Rahmani Maryam Khalili Araghi Hashem NikoomaramInvestment decision making is one of the key issues in financial management. Investor might know about different asset types when facing with various options and the ways in which investors can incorporate them in devising a strategy is significant. Selecting the approp MoreInvestment decision making is one of the key issues in financial management. Investor might know about different asset types when facing with various options and the ways in which investors can incorporate them in devising a strategy is significant. Selecting the appropriate tools and techniques that can make optimum portfolio is one of the main objectives of the investment world. In this study it is tried to optimize the decision making in stock selection or optimization of portfolio by means of artificial colony of honeybee algorithm. And to determine the effectiveness of the algorithm, Sharp criteria algorithm, the trainer criteria and its downside risk were calculated and compared with the portfolio made up of genetic and ant colony algorithms .The sample consisted of active firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2015. The sample was selected by the systematic removal method. The findings show that Sharp criteria algorithm formed by the artificial bee colony algorithm functions better than the genetic and ant colony algorithms in terms of portfolio formation .However, the trainer's criteria and downside risk of the stock portfolio formed through the artificial bee colony algorithm shows the optimum function, this difference is not statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Biological Characterization of Beauveria bassiana (Clavicipitaceae:Hypocreales) from Overwintering Sites of Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Scutelleridae: Heteroptera) in Iran
F. Kazemi Yazdi J. Eilenberg A. Mohammadipour -
Open Access Article
11 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer, and its relation with soil mineral elements in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in Iran
Jalil Khara Farogh Soleymani Maasomeh RabieaeThe symbiosis of plants with microorganisms and other living organisms helps maintain and sustain plant species. In this research, the effect of soil mineral elements with colonization and some soil characteristics on the population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spor MoreThe symbiosis of plants with microorganisms and other living organisms helps maintain and sustain plant species. In this research, the effect of soil mineral elements with colonization and some soil characteristics on the population of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in rhizosphere of Chaerophyllum macrospermum in spring and summer season in rangelands of Urmia Soluk waterfall in 2018 was done. The statistical results show that season and station have a significant effect on the amount of AMF spores in the local rhizosphere of the plant. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in summer was higher (172.26%) than spring. Also, the number of spores in the soil, the percentage of symbiosis (as root length colonization) and seasonal factor had a significant effect on the essential oil yield of the plant and the highest yield of essential oil was observed in summer. By decreasing the amount of phosphorus in the rhizospheric soil, the colonization percentage was increased. The proper indigenous type of mycorrhiza helps to absorb water, nutrients, potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen of the plant, which has resulted in increased plant life and growth under severe environmental conditions. Considering the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis and its interaction with soil mineral elements, this information can be effective in the development of cultivation of medicinal plant Chaerophyllum macrospermum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - A Discourse in Post-Colonially Studies and its Expansion Necessity in Non-Western Societies
Farzad Navabakhsh Masoud Darroudi -
Open Access Article
13 - Histomorphological study of large intestine development at different ages of african ostrich chickens (struthio camelus)
A. علائی نوین , B. Rasouli محمد AbediThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of MoreThe morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in birds by evaluating the histomorphology of the cecum and colon at different ages. For this purpose, 36 ostrich chicks were selected in 6 age groups. These samples were selected from slaughterhouses around Tehran at the ages of one and fifteen days and one, three, six, and twelve months. In this study, it was found the epithelium of the cecum is pseudostratified and simple columnar, and the number of goblet cells increases with the age of the chickens. The muscularis mucosa at the base of the cecum was indistinct and thin, but clear at the apex of the cecum and colon. The thickness of the muscular layer increased with age the Auerbach plexus were mostly seen between the fibers of the longitudinal layer of the muscular layer. The lymphatic tissue was also observed in follicular shape in the lamina propria of the cecum from the age of six months. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in general, in terms of histomorphological features, the development of the large intestine in ostrich chickens is very similar to other birds, especially the Struthioniformes. However, the differences can be found in the condition of the muscularis mucosa and the distribution and timing of lymphatic tissue formation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Pond Designing Optimization Using Multi-ObjectiveAnt Colony Algorithm and SWAT Model
Abbas Afshar Mohammad Javad Emami Skardi Farzin JeiraniNon-point source management has an imperative role in water resource management. One of the most effective structures in the field of non-point source management is wet detention pond. However, generating the cost-effective pond configurations that satisfy system- MoreNon-point source management has an imperative role in water resource management. One of the most effective structures in the field of non-point source management is wet detention pond. However, generating the cost-effective pond configurations that satisfy system-wide aims for total target sediment removal will be much more effective and efficient; but most of these structures are designed individually. In order to generate the cost-effective pond configurations, coupling the optimization algorithm with hydrologic simulation model is one of the best applied methods. Materials and Method In this paper, an optimization-simulation model is presented for generating a cost-effective pond configuration in the watersheds. Obviously, more and larger ponds can catch more total suspended solids (TSS) from the watershed, but this will consequently lead to the increase of the cost of pond constructing. Multi-objective ant colony optimization algorithm is applied for determining a Pareto front between two opposing goals namely the loading TSS from the watershed and related cost of the pond designing. Result and Discussion The Pareto front can be used by the watershed authorities for a better controlling of the loading sediment from the watershed. The applicability of the model is studied in a watershed in the west of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Provide a Earnings Management forecasting model using ant colony and particle swarm algorithm algorithms
Vahid Yousefi HAMIDREZA KORDLOUIE faegh ahmadi mohammadhamed Khanmohammadi Dashti NaderThis study aims to use two ant colony algorithm and particle swarm algorithm to predict earning management and determine which algorithm has more explanatory power.To achieve the research goal, 163 companies have been selected by systematic elimination method in the per MoreThis study aims to use two ant colony algorithm and particle swarm algorithm to predict earning management and determine which algorithm has more explanatory power.To achieve the research goal, 163 companies have been selected by systematic elimination method in the period 2013-2019. The data are panel and thirteen variables have been considered to examine the models. Finally, eight variables have been identified as effective and tests have been performed using Python software. The results show that earnings management can be predicted with more than 97% accuracy by both algorithms, but the ability to predict the particle swarm model in accrual earnings management is higher, however ant colony algorithm has more power in predicting real earnings management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A novel Meta-Heuristic method for solving an extended Markowitz Mean–Variance portfolio selection model
Gholamreza Eslami Bidgoli Ehsan Tayebi SaniThis paper presents a novel Meta-Heuristic method for solving an extended Markowitz Mean–Variance portfolio selection model. The extended model considers Value-at-Risk (VaR) as risk measure instead of Variance. Depending on the method of VaR calculation its minimi MoreThis paper presents a novel Meta-Heuristic method for solving an extended Markowitz Mean–Variance portfolio selection model. The extended model considers Value-at-Risk (VaR) as risk measure instead of Variance. Depending on the method of VaR calculation its minimizing methodology differs. if we use Historical Simulation which is applied in this paper then the curve would be non-convex. On the other hand the Mean-VaR model here includes three sets of constraints: bounds on holdings, cardinality and minimum return which cause a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming Problem. The first set of constraints guarantee that the amount invested (if any) in each asset is between its predetermined upper and lower bounds. The cardinality constraint ensures that the total number of assets selected in the portfolio’s equal to a predefined number. Because of above mentioned reasons, in this paper, we propose a new Meta-Heuristic approach based on combined Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The computational results show that the proposed Hybrid Algorithm has the ability to optimized Mean-VaR portfolio for small portfolio Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Stock Portfolio Selection Using Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory
Shaban Mohammadi Nader Naghshbandi Hadi SaeidiMarkovitz's risk-taking model is to select stocks based on historical asset data. In addition to the impact of historical returns, there are many other critical factors that directly or indirectly affect the stock market. The present study first uses the Fuzzy Delphi me MoreMarkovitz's risk-taking model is to select stocks based on historical asset data. In addition to the impact of historical returns, there are many other critical factors that directly or indirectly affect the stock market. The present study first uses the Fuzzy Delphi method to identify critical factors and ultimately considers factors with low correlation coefficients. Critical factors and historical data were used to adapt Dempestor-Schafer evidence theory for stock rankings. Then, in the sampling model, stocks with a higher rank are proposed. Sampling was carried out using stock held on Tehran Stock Exchange and simulated by optimization of colonization of ant. The performance of the results is satisfactory in comparison with the recent performance of assets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A Comparative Study of the Effects of Patriotism in the Poems of Khairuddin Zarkoli and Ahmad Shoghi
fatemeh GHAJARI enayatolah fatehinejhadIn this article, we have comparatively studied the manifestations of patriotism in the poems of Khairuddin Zarkoli and Ahmad Shoghi. The research method is library and its type is analytical-descriptive. The results of the research show that although these two poets hav MoreIn this article, we have comparatively studied the manifestations of patriotism in the poems of Khairuddin Zarkoli and Ahmad Shoghi. The research method is library and its type is analytical-descriptive. The results of the research show that although these two poets have always paid special attention to the subject of patriotism in their poems, but the frequency of patriotism-related themes in Zarkoli poems is higher than Shoghi poems. In addition, Shoghi has not reacted to the Palestinian issue. Of course, in addition to these differences, there are many commonalities in the field of attention of the two poets to the subject of patriotism. Zarkali has paid attention to the issue of patriotism throughout his life, but Shoghi was not very sensitive to political issues as long as he was in court, and in the later stages of his life, he increasingly paid attention to the issue of patriotism and related topics. Has shown interest. Zarkali loves his homeland more than Shoghi, and this can be cited and inferred due to the remarkable reflection of the issue of grief of homelessness in Zarkoli's poems. Both poets believe that the only way to save nations is national and regional unity. Of course, Zarkali has paid special attention to the issue of Palestine, but Shoghi has not paid much attention to this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Comparative Look at "Colonialism and Anti-Authoritarianism" in Boshra Al-Bostani and Tahereh Saffarzadeh’s Poetries
Behnam Fe’li Enayaollah Fatehinejad Latifeh Salamat BaveilBoshra Al-Bostani in contemporary Arabic poetry and Tahereh Saffarzadeh in the field of contemporary Persian literature are considered to be the true preachers of anti-authoritarianism. The two mentioned poets, who represent the sensitive, conscious and cultured strata MoreBoshra Al-Bostani in contemporary Arabic poetry and Tahereh Saffarzadeh in the field of contemporary Persian literature are considered to be the true preachers of anti-authoritarianism. The two mentioned poets, who represent the sensitive, conscious and cultured strata of their society, were able to compose exciting poems and stimulate the people’s dormant emotions in order to leave lasting literary works in the interests of their land in addition to influencing events and happenings.The present study, which is descriptive – analytical and enjoys the library method, seeks to examine the concept of anti-authoritarianism, which is one of the most important common themes of the poems of these two from the perspective of comparative literature. The results of the present article indicate that the most important common themes in two mentioned resistance poets’ poetries are concepts such as expressing the miserable situation of the country, exposing the oppression of internal enemies and colonialists, and the effects and consequences of their attack on Iraq and Iran, and finally calling on the people to maintain unity in order to defeat the enemies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of the various themes of protest literature in Poems Abdul Karim Al-Karami and Aref Qazvini
Dana TalebpourThe two countries of Iran and Palestine have been considered by poets and writers due to their common religion, close beliefs and joint socio-political experiences. In the meantime, poets, as literary leaders, relying on their social mission, have played a prominent rol MoreThe two countries of Iran and Palestine have been considered by poets and writers due to their common religion, close beliefs and joint socio-political experiences. In the meantime, poets, as literary leaders, relying on their social mission, have played a prominent role in fertilizing the revolutionary spirit of the people and dismantling the tools of oppression and injustice. Two prominent figures of this mission in these two countries are Abdul Karim Al-Karami and Aref Qazvini, who with their rhetorical and striking poems were able to stand well against the conspiracies of the enemies . In the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the American school of comparative literature, some topics in protest literature in the poems of two poets were examined and at the end some results were obtained. Patriotism and protest against the conspiracies of enemies and colonialists, protest against the actions of incompetent rulers, condemning the lack of unity and solidarity of the people, protest against mercenaries and traitors are the most important themes of the protest literature in the poems of the two poets. Both poets with sharp and critical language; Sometimes explicitly and sometimes symbolically, they have condemned the distortions and disorders in the society and have put the revival of national identity on their agenda. Both are considered as one of the causes of disorder as various excuses for division and difference, which in the view of the mystic, the existence of religious differences is one of its basic roots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A Comparative Study of Political Views of "Mohammad Taghi Bahar" and "Ahmad Shawghi
ALI SABERI ELAHEh razaghiAbstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industri MoreAbstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industrial revolution that began in the Language Arts. In this paper, three of their political views, "colonialism", "freedom" and "war" are studied; and at the end, the similarities and differences in their perspectives and their ways of explaining of each topic have been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - From Iran to Ireland: A Study of Thomas Moore’s Lalah-Rookh in the Light of Edward Said’s Orientalism
Leila Jamali Samira ModaresLalah-Rookh(1817), Thomas Moore’s long narrative romance, is the story of a young princess’s journey and her affection for Feramorz, a young poet who relates various stories from Iran. Moore lives in the era of Napoleon’s sovereignty, Ge MoreLalah-Rookh(1817), Thomas Moore’s long narrative romance, is the story of a young princess’s journey and her affection for Feramorz, a young poet who relates various stories from Iran. Moore lives in the era of Napoleon’s sovereignty, George III’s domination, and the British colonization of Ireland. In his depiction of Persian history, literature, and religion, he tries to make them adaptable to his native society. This attempt can be investigated within the framework of Edward Said’s Orientalism. Scrutinizing orientalist writings of westerners the theory introduces new ways to study orientalist literary texts of 18th and 19th centuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Analysis and Comparison of Anti-Colonialist Approach in Hafez Ibrahim and MirzadehEshghi Poems
Maasoumeh Nemati Ghazvini Soheila AsgharzadehThe competition of the colonizer government of Britain was started at the beginning of nineteenth century in Iran and later in that century in Egypt. This event which was along with plundering of the national wealth of the two countries had a wide reflection in literatu MoreThe competition of the colonizer government of Britain was started at the beginning of nineteenth century in Iran and later in that century in Egypt. This event which was along with plundering of the national wealth of the two countries had a wide reflection in literature. Since the literature of every nation is influenced by its political and social situation the poets and writers in this period set foot in the field of anti-Colonialism with the sword of pen and made some efforts for preserving their independence and national interests. In this study the views of MirzadehEshghi and Hafez Ibrahim about anti-Colonialism is studied comparatively. In addition to that although the anti-Colonialist poems of the two poets share some similarities in themes they do have some differences in style as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Comparative Study on Anti – Colonialism in Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini and Bahar’s Poetries
Reza Mousa Abadi Mahdi Norouz Batoul Fakhr IslamColonialism is one of the phenomena which most orient countries and nations have always been faced with; thus attentive and capable human especially artists and literary men had fought colonization and colonialists by the weapon of poetry. Since colonization maneuvers a MoreColonialism is one of the phenomena which most orient countries and nations have always been faced with; thus attentive and capable human especially artists and literary men had fought colonization and colonialists by the weapon of poetry. Since colonization maneuvers are various, thus the fighting methods should be different, diverse and appropriate. The present article studies anti – colonialism phenomenon based on literary school of East Europe and surveys Maleko-Sho'arā Bahār and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini’s viewpoint about anti – colonialism in their poetries comparatively with the librarian method. The researches of the article show both poets versed about anti – colonialism in various ways and offered similar maneuvers to fight it which the most important ones are informing people, inviting them to unity and integration, contemning by satire and motivating people to returning to Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Application of Satire Method in Nasim – e Shomal and Ibrahim Tuqan's Poetries
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi Masoumeh Haji AmoushaThe patriotism concepts would manifest in those nations' literature in which aggression had happened. Iran and Palestine are of countries which have experienced aliens' invasion in recent century; both countries poets were attended to defend the Islamic identity and nat MoreThe patriotism concepts would manifest in those nations' literature in which aggression had happened. Iran and Palestine are of countries which have experienced aliens' invasion in recent century; both countries poets were attended to defend the Islamic identity and national authority. There were few poets in that era whose poets were based on satire; that's why public were interested in their works. The present article which has been done in descriptive – analytic method studies the application of satire method in Nasim – e Shomal and Ibrahim Tuqan's Poetries; some common concepts such as patriotism, regret for the present conditions of the country and criticizing the action of betrayers have been surveyed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Symbolism in Wandering Island and Hobbi Al Awal
Zohreh Ranjbarpoor Ali Asghar Ravanshad Mokhtar AbediSimin Daneshvar and Sahar khalifeh are two famous Iranian and Palestinian authors who have applied symbols in their works. The present paper attempts to study the symbolic aspects and some of the meanings applied in Wandering Island by Simin Daneshvar and Hobbi Al Awal MoreSimin Daneshvar and Sahar khalifeh are two famous Iranian and Palestinian authors who have applied symbols in their works. The present paper attempts to study the symbolic aspects and some of the meanings applied in Wandering Island by Simin Daneshvar and Hobbi Al Awal by Sahar khalifeh. It is resulted out that both authors were biased on political and social issues of their countries which is harmonic with the existing fact of today's society; the biasedness is observable in dialogues and characters. The dialogue plays an important role in characters introduction and their characteristics and helps the story process a lot. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Morier’s Hajji Baba and Post-Colonial Orientalism
Farid Ghaemi Fatemeh EsmaeiliThe adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan by James Morier is a representation of the colonized Orient. The researchers have endeavored to trace the Orientalist intentions which lie beneath the text. It reveals how the representation of the Orient and Oriental culture goes MoreThe adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan by James Morier is a representation of the colonized Orient. The researchers have endeavored to trace the Orientalist intentions which lie beneath the text. It reveals how the representation of the Orient and Oriental culture goes hand in hand with Imperialism in the novel. In Morier, particularly, two factors of diplomacy and writing have been integrated in one activity aiming at colonialism, which leads to the emergence of the colonial discourse concerning the inferiority and marginalization of the Orient. The present article is also an attempt to study the Occidentals’ views about the Orient as well as analyze the question of Islam. Furthermore, the following questions are explored: Through what images and discourse are the Orient and the Orientals represented? Are the Orientals and Muslims represented as the “Other”? What is the possible relationship between Hajji Baba and Imperialism?As a result, Westerners through a kind of Binary Opposition define themselves as the superior center in the world. Finally, it unveils how a nineteenth- century novel serves the discrimination in the twentieth century. Moreover, the reasons and foundations of Orientalism are highlighted and a number of cultural-social solutions are dedicated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Nationwide resistance against colonialism in the poetry of Lebanese poet Ibrahim al-Munzer
seyyed Aboalfazl Sajadi mohammad jorfi zahra kogheki nyyatThere is no doubt that colonialism forces resistance and protection that the defenders endeavor to achieve freedom; This poem has harmonies and ideas that inspire others to resist and protect against the colonialists.Ibrahim Munzer, a Lebanese poet, is one of the most p MoreThere is no doubt that colonialism forces resistance and protection that the defenders endeavor to achieve freedom; This poem has harmonies and ideas that inspire others to resist and protect against the colonialists.Ibrahim Munzer, a Lebanese poet, is one of the most prominent poets who stood up against the colonialists; he was a superpatriotic poet whose poetry retains the spirit of resistance.The outcomes of this study indicate that this poet is a resolute poet who has the spirit of patriotism and nationalism, irritation and rebellion against the colonialists and communication for brotherhood among the Arabs, and martyrdom for the cause of the motherland and the evolution of science and the conservancy of the Arabic language in There is his poetry.There is no doubt that colonialism forces resistance and protection that the defenders endeavor to achieve freedom; This poem has harmonies and ideas that inspire others to resist and protect against the colonialists.Ibrahim Munzer, a Lebanese poet, is one of the most prominent poets who stood up against the colonialists; he was a superpatriotic poet whose poetry retains the spirit of resistance.The outcomes of this study indicate that this poet is a resolute poet who has the spirit of patriotism and nationalism, irritation and rebellion against the colonialists and communication for brotherhood among the Arabs, and martyrdom for the cause of the motherland and the evolution of science and the conservancy of the Arabic language in There is his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - A review and a survey of the rural novel "toop" by gholamhossein saedi from a postcolonial perspective
Masuod Mohammadi Khanqah seyed ebrahim arman seyed Babak FarzanehThe study of the contemporary Arabic and Persian novels from the view point of the modern critic theories has special importance and strengthening such critical-cultural researches can be the miraculous key to solve political misconceptions between Iranian-Arabic focal MoreThe study of the contemporary Arabic and Persian novels from the view point of the modern critic theories has special importance and strengthening such critical-cultural researches can be the miraculous key to solve political misconceptions between Iranian-Arabic focal points. Furthermore, many Arab regions have been as Iran under colonial domination. The present study shows technical methods of the two Algerian and Iranian writers in regard to the two French and Russian colonial powers. By giving a clear picture of protagonist and antagonist elements, the result of this research is that in Saedi's 'tup' protagonist as the foreground character plays antagonist role and is not the instigator of the story, even though not regarded as its prominent character. On the other hand, Saedi in developing the plot tries to make ethical charastristics of the characters salient. The common characteristics of the writers includes the consequences of colonialism picture in the rural life, and constituents such as: class conflicts caused by colonial oppression followed by combats and resistance to colonialists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Effects of Social issues in Ma'ruf Rosafi's Poetry
Hossein Shamsabadi Asghar Moulavi Nafchi, Gholamreza GolchinradAbstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a ris MoreAbstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a rise and boom which included political, social, and cultural issues. And it was poetry that could yield positive effects in the process of constructing and revolutionizing life trends and its conditions. All these factors led Rosafi and others to embark upon and develop such themes as freedom of speech, spreading knowledge, abolishing ignorance, educating women, establishing justice, and defending home against colonization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Nationalism in Muhammad Alfituri’s Poetry
Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi Parviz Lakzaeeyan FakoorMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering L MoreMohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq wherein he calls upon nations to struggle for their freedom and to fight submission and slavery. Alfituriis a visionary who foresees the blessed occasion when amental restorationin the east would drive nations out of oblivion and misguidedness. Then nations would cry out loud the anthem of freedom and independence from all the pangs and anguish caused by a colonialism which has deprived them from their basic right in being alive and free. Self-sacrifice and martyrdom are the only path to freedom and glory. Alfituridenounces the failing submissive status quo inflicting the Arab world. Alfituri’s denial and rejection is not aimed at mere devastation, but he complains and yet demands a constructive approach to uproot the causes of underdevelopment and regression. All this springs from a compassionate concern for security, prosperity, and civilization. Alfituriemploys symbolism and irony in his nationalistic compositions to which he adds an aura of pain and pessimism in order to treat certain critical political causes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) on colonic mucosa morphometry and diarrhea caused by castor oil in male rats
Mohammad Mohammad Ali Mansouri Lotfollah Khajehpour Maliheh MohammadiObjectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon hi MoreObjectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon histology and severity of diarrhea in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar 200±5 g rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Solvent group (physiological serum), diphenoxylate group (5 mg/kg), and five groups receiving basil hydroalcoholic extract in doses (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg). One hour after taking the drugs, castor oil 2 ml per animal was fed by gavage. The animals were then kept in separate cages for 4 hours and the indicators of excretion number, weight loss percentage, fecal water content and inhibition percentage were recorded. Mice were anesthetized with ether one hour after diarrhea studies and the isolated colon tissue was evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and then Tukey test. Level P Results: Diphenoxylate gavage and extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg, could improve diarrhea caused by castor oil. Histological studies showed that although there was no significant difference between the different groups, the amount (800 mg / kg) of the extract could increase the thickness of the colon wall to some extent. Conclusion: The results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum has diphenoxylate-like properties in reducing the osmotic symptoms of diarrhea and the volume of water excreted, and in the short term can have little effect on colon wall thickness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The predominant microbiota of the human intestine is an important risk factor for colon cancer
Mohammad Khalilollahi Shahla mohammad Ganji fatemeh ashrafiThe digestive system consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The large intestine starts from the end of the small intestine and ends at the anus. The anus is the opening of the large intestine that leads to the outside of the body. Colon is MoreThe digestive system consists of esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The large intestine starts from the end of the small intestine and ends at the anus. The anus is the opening of the large intestine that leads to the outside of the body. Colon is another name for large intestine. Cancer occurs when malignant or cancerous cells form in the colon. Colon cancer is also known as colon cancer, colon and rectal cancer or colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer or CRC is one of the most common malignant human tumors. Environmental and epigenetic factors are the most important causes of this disease. Among the risk factors associated with this complex disease, infection by various microorganisms can be mentioned. Microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, viruses, molds and yeasts among which microbiota play a more important role. In this article, with an overview of the dominant microbiota in the human intestine, its role as an important risk factor in colon cancer will be investigated. Factors such as the results of disruption of the regulation and structure of microbiota, bacterial metabolites or inflammatory pathways and facilitation of the colon cancer pathway will be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The importance of short chain fatty acids synthesized by intestinal microorganisms, as an epigenetic factor, in reducing the incidence of colon cancer
Shiva Darabi Fatemeh Keshavarzi parviz Ahtari Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh Behrouz AlirezapourObjective: The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are still not well understood, but diet is the main factor that has multifaceted effects, including changes in the host's metabolome and transcriptome. Metabolites obtained from diet can directl MoreObjective: The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are still not well understood, but diet is the main factor that has multifaceted effects, including changes in the host's metabolome and transcriptome. Metabolites obtained from diet can directly affect the metabolism of the whole body. The purpose ofthis study is to review the effect of intestinal microbiota through the synthesis ofshort chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate), and as a result, the induction of cytochrome P4501A1 gene expression in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer.Materials and methods: Using keywords, searching and collecting articles from PubMed and citation databases, I.S. I. (ISI web of Knowledge), SCOPUS, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Oxford and Ovid, as well as the most famous internal databases including the Academic Jihad Database (SID), Iranmedex, Magiran, Irandoc and MedLib were performed.Findings: Undigested food ingredients that enter the large intestine are fermented by intestinal microbiota and fermentative metabolites are produced that perform a wide range of effective functions. Some of these metabolites interact with the intestinal immune system, including short-chain fatty acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and bile acid metabolites that play a role in inducing intestinal immune homeostasis.It seems that the protective effects of short chain fatty acids synthesized by microorganisms, in colon cancer by inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylase and strengthening the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and thus protecting DNA against damage caused by carcinogens, by activating xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, such as Cytochrome P4501A1, apply.Conclusion: The present study presented a new perspective regarding the importance of intestinal microbiota through the production of short chain fatty acids, especially acetate, butyrate and propionate, as medicinal targets for the prevention and even treatment of colorectal cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Colonialism, Politics and World of Islam in the Constitution Era
morteza shirodyUndoubtedly, reasons behind the constitutional revolution occurrence should be partly sought outside Iranian borders. In this regard, European colonialism was a major cause, but colonialism failed to be only the issue of Iran and Iranians; rather, colonialism should be MoreUndoubtedly, reasons behind the constitutional revolution occurrence should be partly sought outside Iranian borders. In this regard, European colonialism was a major cause, but colonialism failed to be only the issue of Iran and Iranians; rather, colonialism should be known as major phenomenon which encompassed all Islamic nations; what made colonialism’s link to Muslim World more colorful were characteristics or political disabilities of the Islamic nations which opened the route for colonialists; this route aimed Muslim World more than it did at Iran, which resulted in many events including constitution in Iran and Ottoman caliphate; hence, the question raised in this article is studying what’s of colonialism, politics and status of world of Islam relationship, on one hand and providing response to that on the other hand will be purpose of the article; this is followed in a descriptive methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Constitution of Constitutional System Scaled by Ideas of Sheikh Fadlullah Nouri
alireza naeij سیدابراهیم معصومی مرتضی اشرافیSheikh Fadlullah Nouri was one of the distinguished and avant-gardes of the constitutional movement. He had well realized the existing problems and challenges that faced Iranian people with full wisdom and said that the despotic regime was the main cause. For the same r MoreSheikh Fadlullah Nouri was one of the distinguished and avant-gardes of the constitutional movement. He had well realized the existing problems and challenges that faced Iranian people with full wisdom and said that the despotic regime was the main cause. For the same reason, he believed that people must counter with the autocratic regime in the best way that is constitution of legislature and constitutionalizing the Imperial regime; hence, once constitutional movement began, he made speeches and distributed tracts to insist on this important thing. After the westernized intellectuals involved in the constitutional movement, intellectuals held control of the constitutional movement that Sheikh and scholars had in mind and they rose up for restricting autocracy, all laws written down by intellectuals after establishment of the first parliament he seriously opposed and he published treatises, statements and speeches for their improvement. The martyred Sheikh realized problems and incidences in the constitutional age through deep and precise understanding of the Islamic doctrines and their adjustment with his time and age. This triggered his confrontation with intellectual movements, colonialism and autocracy. The present article, based on historical evidence, intends to analyze the cases by which Sheikh opposed to the laws of the first parliament (laws of intellectuals) such as constitutionalism, transition from the constitutional movement to legitimate constitutionalism, the Constitution, theory of main oversight of Majlis, elucidation of concepts in the Constitution and amendment to the press law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Role of Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammad Kazim Tabatabayi Yazdi in Islamic Awakening Movement during the Era of Constitutionalism
Abbas Emaadi Masood PoorfardThe Islamic Awakening Movement, which has stirred up uprisings among the Islamic nations to regain their lost prestige and glory, is a sign of rising and&n MoreThe Islamic Awakening Movement, which has stirred up uprisings among the Islamic nations to regain their lost prestige and glory, is a sign of rising and awareness in the Islamic nation, whose most important features are Muslims’ self‐awareness of their own power, return to the Quran and religious teachings as well as reliance on the rich Islamic culture. The awakening is indebted to religious scholars’ awakening efforts, in which Shiite clergymen have played a very significant role. One of the leading figures in advancing the movement was Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammad Kazim Tabatabayi Yazdi, who made a lot of endeavors on the way of fighting the dominance of foreign powers and preserving the independence of Islamic territories during his precious lifetime. His awakening actions can be investigated from four angles, i.e., fighting the colonialist Russian and British powers, farsightedness and awakening in the case of the Constitutional Movement and fighting the economic domination of the West, and the important part in awakening Muslims by this leading jurisprudent can be explicated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Representation of “the Other” in the Poetry of Aref Qazvini and Mirzadeh Eshqi in the Light of Postcolonial Approach
Manouchehr Joukar Mohhamad Reza Alam Mokhtar Ebrahimi Ali Taha NasabPost-colonialism is an Interdisciplinary approach that has been developed extensively during recent decades. These studies search and criticize manifestations of discourse of post-colonialism in the era of post-independence specifically in literary as well as cultural p MorePost-colonialism is an Interdisciplinary approach that has been developed extensively during recent decades. These studies search and criticize manifestations of discourse of post-colonialism in the era of post-independence specifically in literary as well as cultural products. In this field of study, post-colonial concepts such as Euro-centrism, gender, inferior, the other, racism and Orientalist discourse, are analyzed in two general categories of colonizer and colonized. Based on the post-colonial theories, this article examines the representation of “the other” in the poems of two important poets of the Constitutional period (Mirzadeh Eshqi and Aref Qazvini) and in the light of the post-colonialism discourse, the research shows how these poets deal with the duality of the discourse of postcolonialism and regain the identity of “self” against western making of “the other”. It is also investigated that in their struggle with colonizers, theses poets are at times influenced by radical nationalistic medievalism which misled them in the modern colonialist goals and has ultimately resulted in the double strengthening of the colonizers, the oppressors and the hegemonic power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Post-colonial Criticism of Rouhangiz Sharifian’s Works
Roya Rabizade Fateme HeydariAs a critical approach, post-colonialism has emerged in the field of cultural studies through recent decades. It is, in fact, a representation of a kind of reaction to the colonialism and its cultural, social and political impressions. Post-colonial studies rely on the MoreAs a critical approach, post-colonialism has emerged in the field of cultural studies through recent decades. It is, in fact, a representation of a kind of reaction to the colonialism and its cultural, social and political impressions. Post-colonial studies rely on the function of cultural and cognitive factors, and intend to reveal the different methods the colonialist rulers have applied to colonize societies through the history. The unbalanced allocation of wealth and population played out especially during post-colonial era has caused the increasing of emigrations, which in turns, changes the language, the residency, the demeanor, and beyond them melts one’s identity. As a new phenomenon, immigration could be studied in the scope of post-colonial studies, and the present research aims first at introducing the principles of post-colonial theory and its elements, and secondly at investigating the works of the London-based Iranian emigrant writer, Rouhangiz Sharifian Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - components of Post-colonialism Mehdi Akhavan-Sales poem
seyedegohar norbakhsh Abdolhossein FarzadOne of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of theor MoreOne of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of theory post-colonialism , The basis of his theory in his Orientalist essay is based on this. Western thinkers have mainly posited the wrong image of the Orient as "another." Edward Said believes that the consequences of colonialism in terms of chaos, coup, corruption, and civil wars and bloodshed continued to these days. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the poets who narrate the presence of British and American colonialism in his poetry, in the literature of Iran. This descriptive analytic article is about expressing the post-colonial effects of his poetry. Studies show that Akhavan has spoken in a symbolic and illustrative language with poetic images of colonialism, and in his poems described a despondent atmosphere after colonial domination Manuscript profile -
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41 - The Study of Ethnic Fights and Postcolonial Concepts in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner
Jalil Ghiyasi Shahram Kiyayi -
Open Access Article
42 - A Bhabhaesque Postcolonial Study of Hybridity in V. S. Naipaul’s “In a Free State”
Ali Dehdari Alireza Jafari -
Open Access Article
43 - Effect of Piriformospora indica on seedling growth of canola and some weed species
masoume Dehghan Banadaki Goudarz AhmadvandIn order to evaluate fungal colonization of roots of canola and some weed species eight separated trails were carried out as completely randomized design with 5 replications in 2017 and 2018. Experimental factores were fungal inoculation of Piriformospora indica and non MoreIn order to evaluate fungal colonization of roots of canola and some weed species eight separated trails were carried out as completely randomized design with 5 replications in 2017 and 2018. Experimental factores were fungal inoculation of Piriformospora indica and non inoculatrdcontrol on nine plant species of Brassica napus, Cardaria draba L., Sisymbrium irio L., Descuaraiana Sophia L., Capsella bursa pastoris Medik., Sinapis arvensis L., Avena ludoiviciana Dureu. and Phaiaris minor Retz.. After filling out pots with 0.6 lit of autoclaved soil, germinated seed were transferred in to the pots and were thinned after wards, leaving two seedlings per pot. Plants were harvested 10 weeks after transplanting. Total biomass, root length colonized and P.indica growth responses were analyzed. The results showed the effects of different fungi on canola and weed species growth were varied. The percentage of colonized roots was different among plant species. The highest root colonization by fungi was observed in canola by 50.49 percent and the lowest one was observed in S. arvensis L . Total dry weight of in species C.bursa-pastoris, C.draba, S.arvensis and P.minor was decreased by colonization of fungi. Fungi growth response of weeds was different from -16.33 to +50.49. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Semiotics of tension in Rajā Alem's Tavq al-Hamām (The Dove's Necklace) based on Jacques Fontanille and Claude Zilberberg’s viewpoints
Raja Abuali Behzad Asbaghi qiqloSemiotics is basically a general theory of significations. Its main objective is to enter a literary text such as a novel to throw light on its darknesses and to distinguish the different features of that text, so that the semiotician can extract the foundations of anal MoreSemiotics is basically a general theory of significations. Its main objective is to enter a literary text such as a novel to throw light on its darknesses and to distinguish the different features of that text, so that the semiotician can extract the foundations of analytic criticism. Therefore, tensive semiotics is, on the one hand, relies on the separation of ambition from possibility and realization, while it is based on the tension between power and distance. On the other hand, the tension is an imaginary place that produces reactions of essence and conscience to the material world along with the temporal, spatial and quantitative features. In the present study that stresses on descriptive-analytic method, the novel Tavq al-Hamām (The Dove's Necklace) by Rajā Alem, the Saudi Arabian novelist, is studied and criticized according to tensive semiotics through the study of most important semiotic elements of the novel and the characters of the society of Mecca in the post-colonial era. The results of the study show that the tensive semiotics led to the emergence of tension between characters and events in the novel. so that, the tension reaches the point in which the reader doesn’t understand the events or understands something else from the intension of the author. It is concluded from the present study that based on tensive semantic, the ‘whys’ of the theory in the novel lead to the distinction of some of the main values within tension between culture and civilization, all that to attest the severity of and the distance between these two. We also concluded that the main aspects, the internal and the external intention, and the essence that is comprehended and pronounced is a great cause of the tension between culture and civilization in Mecca. Manuscript profile -
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45 - The Problem of Identity Crisis in the Post-Colonial Criticism: Clarifying the Constituents of Identity Crisis in the Narrative Analysis
Boshra Jazayerirad Faramarz Mirzaei Khalil Parvini Hadi Nazari MonazamIdentity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and sto MoreIdentity and identity crisis is the basis of post-colonial critique deals with ego-other polemics or colonized-colonialist confrontation and its consequences on the colonized identity crisis. Identity and dependency are introduced widely in a post-colonial novel and story writers raised repeatedly the consequences of east-west confrontations on post-colonial identity in their works, because communicate with 'other' awakes the sense of dependency to identity in individuals and leads them to an independent and distinct identity. The 'other' from eastern perspective is the colonialist west that tries constantly to destroy their identities. The contemporary Arab novel dealt greatly with the ideals and issues of the society including the identity. So, it deserves to mention that the identity crisis and its reflections in the modern story writing which is caused by east-west confrontations. Thus, considering the importance of the 'identity crisis' in post-colonial criticism and the frequency of its introduction in Arabic stories, the present study relied on the components of post-colonial criticism, descriptive-analytic method, as well as application of deduction, accuracy and comparative reading intended to present new indicators to the analysis and reading identity crisis in novels. The indicators consist of six components: self-abasement complex; westernization; schizophrenia; castration anxiety; alienation backwardness and violence. By application of these components and examining the amount of each one in the story, understanding the identity crisis becomes easier and more accurate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - American Neocolonialism and Xenophobia against Arabs in Ala al-Aswāni's Chicago
Fatemeh Bornaki Natasha Poordana Hojatollah Borzabadi FarahaniLiterature is studied from the long times ago as a symbolic manifestation of the dominant policies of the society. In the post-colonial and post-modern era that attention to individual values and equality becomes prominent, a literary reading of the study of the posit MoreLiterature is studied from the long times ago as a symbolic manifestation of the dominant policies of the society. In the post-colonial and post-modern era that attention to individual values and equality becomes prominent, a literary reading of the study of the position of the Arab and Muslim race in America, in which democracy, freedom and equal rights for all are claimed, represents the social and political truth of the present era. The present study is a sociopolitical study of the position of Arab and Muslim identities in the Ala al-Aswāni's novel Chicago on the basis of the political philosophy of Chantal Mouffe, French politician and philosopher, who says that due to the existence of superior ideology, public understanding is impossible. What happens in post-colonial democracy is a kind of new politician order to preserve democracy and opponent control. The sociocultural study of Chicago which represents the life of emigrants in American society in the post-September 11 attack era, explains a kind of hidden neo-colonialism, in which institutionalized Arab and Muslim races as the possible enemy of the country and American people, and terroristic factors in public minds. This explains the untold fact that equality in American society is nothing more than a democratic chanting, and new politics in neo-colonialism form, tries to control 'the other race and religion', by inducing horror and hate against other races and Muslims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Study of Farmers and Workers in Farrokhi Yazdi’s poetry
Mohammad Reza Tavakoli Mehdi NaseriForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by MoreForm a long time ago Iran has been proud of its champions, thinkers and scholars who did their best for the progress and development of their country. In the meantime, devoted poets who defended their country across their life, are very important and respected by people. Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi (1887–October 18, 1939) a Persian/Iranian poet and senior politician of Constitutional era, was one of those, who defended his homeland until he was martyered in this way. One of the characteristics of the poems of the Farrokhi was rejecting dictatorship and fighting with dictators. So in this regard he spared no efforts to defend the workers and farmers who had been oppressd by the Phalavi despotic regime along with the British colonialism. This article reviews the position of worker and farmer in Farrokhi’s poem to show the commitment of this poet to his homeland more than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Using Ant Colony Algorithm and Pairwise Learning to Classify Attack in Intrusion Detection Systems
Mohammad Ali Nadoomi Majid SinaIntrusion detection systems for security in computer networks have been proposed to be crossed if the attacker from other security equipment, able to detect it and prevent it from advancing. One of the challenges of these systems, it is high dimensional data. In this st MoreIntrusion detection systems for security in computer networks have been proposed to be crossed if the attacker from other security equipment, able to detect it and prevent it from advancing. One of the challenges of these systems, it is high dimensional data. In this study was to reduce the dimensions of a simple genetic algorithm with the length of the string variable we use. Then, according to selected characteristics, a meta-heuristic model for data classification, using ant colony algorithm offer. Classification model proposed by trying to divide the data into two samples is Hnjydh and Nahnjydh. The proposed method for evaluating the performance of database intrusion detection NSL-KDD than other data from the records of more realistic approach is used. The results of the experiments, the proposed method has better performance compared with other existing methods show. Manuscript profile -
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49 - FA-ABC: A Novel Combination of Firefly Optimization Algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony for Mathematical Test Functions and Real-World Problems
Ali reza Shafiee sarvestany Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi -
Open Access Article
50 - Using a hybrid model of 3D GIS and meta-heuristic methods for optimizing tree shade coverage
Mohsen Ghods Hossein Aghamohammadi Zanjirabad Alireza Vafaeinezhad Saeed Behzadi Alireza GharagozloBackground and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases th MoreBackground and ObjectiveA method to reduce the absorption of solar radiation and prevent the creation of urban heat islands is to increase shade by vegetation. A shadow creating on buildings, causes houses to cool down, reduces energy consumption and costs, increases the value of houses, and creates a proper visual effect and a sense of well-being and vitality. Although economically, the amount of savings due to shade and cooling of the air for a tree during its lifetime in different climatic regions is different and depends on the type of tree, the amount of shade during the day and in different seasons of the year, but its effect on energy savings and costs are definite. The subject of the present study is strategic planning to increase the shade coverage of trees in urban residential areas. A simple way to create plenty of shade is to plant numerous trees around buildings. However, this method is impractical in many areas that face water shortages due to its high costs. In addition, the presence of additional shadows on the rooftop of the buildings will reduce the ability to be exposed to sunlight and the potential of using solar panels to generate electricity. So the main challenge is using a method that can provide maximum shade coverage on the facade surface and minimum shadow coverage on the rooftop with a few trees in optimal locations. The issue of locating trees with the aim of optimizing shade coverage, i.e. maximizing shade coverage on facades and opening components, and minimizing shadow coverage on the rooftop, is a Non-deterministic Polynomial hard (NP-hard) problem and has no exact solution. Therefore, the 3D Geographic Information System and the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm have been used for this purpose. Previous studies have often examined the effects of tree canopy shade on a single building. But in most cities in Iran, buildings are connected together and form a building block. So, instead of a single building, a building block is examined. In addition, in most previous studies, the effect of shade coverage of a maximum of two trees on the building has been investigated; while in this study, we examine the effect of shade coverage of 15 trees on the building block. None of the studies on optimizing the shade of trees on the facade of the building has used the meta-heuristic optimization methods and its combination with GIS. In this study, a hybrid model of GIS in a three-dimensional environment and ACO is used for maximizing the shade of trees on the facade and opening components of buildings, and minimizing the shade of trees on the rooftop.Materials and Methods Two types of data are required to perform the analysis; The building block properties, for example, dimensions, position, and size of the facade, rooftop, and opening components, and the tree properties (height and position). 3D GIS and ACO algorithms have been used to model tree shade coverage optimization. 3D GIS provides abilities for storing, analyzing, and creating 3D topologies, and ACO is used to summarize real-world conditions in a mathematical problem. GIS and trigonometric rules have been used to store geographical information and spatial topology. After storing the position, composition, and description information of 2D and 3D objects by topological data, Duffie and Beckman relations (2013) is used to extract the position of the shadow. Then, according to Church and Revelle, the Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) is defined. For the following 3 reasons, ACO has been used for three-dimensional optimization; 1) The complex trigonometric rules in calculating the shadow coverage on buildings, 2) There is no deterministic solution for optimization problems because of nonlinear constraints including trigonometric functions, 3) The existence of continuous space around the building block that It is possible to place a tree in any position. The details of the steps are; 1) Define the set of possible locations for the tree based on the height, diameter of the canopy, and around space of the building block, 2) Use a method to place the first tree in all possible places around the building block during hot hours on certain days of the summer and calculate the maximum shade coverage on the building block based on the weight of the building components, 3) Remove the places that may be done in the tree canopy to prevent overlapping of tree canopies, 4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 to place the next trees in the possible places around the building block until the number of trees reaches the desired number of trees to create shade. Considering the infinite possible positions, a simplification step is required to limit the number of available positions. Therefore, the constant space is reduced to possible positions for locating Ni trees with two-meter spacing in the N-S and E-W directions. Further, the possible tree positions in front of the opening components are eliminated to make daylight available, have an outlook from the building, and comment through the doors. The minimum spacing of two meters between the trees and the building is set to prevent unnecessary shading on the rooftop.Results and Discussion MATLAB environment is used to optimize the shade coverage of trees using the ACO algorithm. For this purpose, properties of the buildings block such as length, width, height, are modeled in a struct in MATLAB. This struct has separate matrices for the north, east, south, and west views of the building block. Another matrix is also used to model the rooftop. Each element of the mentioned matrices is equal to 10× 10 cm from the surface of the building block and has a value of zero. To model the dimensions and location of doors and windows in each facade, another struct includes separate matrices for each facade is used. In these matrices, the amount of elements in the location of doors and windows is one. The characteristics of the sun in the study area are used, including azimuth and altitude of the sun on the studied days in 15-minute intervals from 9 to 15 hours. The shadow is created on building components, by placing the tree in any of the possible locations, and movement of the sun. The elements of the matrices equivalent to the shaded building components change from zero to one. The sum of the values of the matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created by the tree on each component of the building. The sum of the point multiplication of the door/window matrix elements in the facade matrix elements determines the amount of shadow created on the doors/windows. The objective function is defined and the ACO algorithm is used to maximize the shadow coverage of trees on the facade, doors/windows, and minimize the shadow coverage on the rooftop. The results of the ACO show that the optimal shade coverage on the buildings block, which creates the most shade on the facade and doors and windows and the least shade on the roof, depends on the number of trees and the position of the doors and windows in buildings block. In general, as the number of trees increases, the amount of shadow created on the building block components increases.Conclusion The results of the ACO showed that for buildings, in the northern hemisphere, the trees in the north of the buildings have no effect on casting shadows on the components of the building. Due to the fact that in arid and tropical regions there are restrictions on planting trees, finding a suitable position for trees plays an important role in optimizing the shade coverage. Due to the high heat transfer through the doors and windows compared to the facade and rooftop, the higher weight is considered for these components in the objective function. Finding the optimal position of the trees depends a lot on the position of the doors and windows in the building to create the most shadow on these components. For a buildings block with the number and dimensions of buildings assumed in the research and according to the dimensions and position of doors and windows, planting a tree in one of the positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 creates the most optimal shade. These positions are 2 meters from south of the buildings and in the middle of two windows. On average, this tree provides 7.48, 9.22, and 0.85% shade respectively on the facade, doors /windows, and rooftop from 9 to 15 o'clock in four days studied. In the case of planting two trees, two positions from positions K10, K16, K22, or K28 still provide the optimal shade. On average, these two trees provide 13.88%, 18.64%, and 1.69% of shade respectively on the whole facade, doors /windows, and rooftop at 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM. In the case of three trees, positions K8, K18, and K22, in the case of four trees, positions K14, K20, K26, and K32, in the case of five trees, positions K8, K14, K20, K26, and K32 create the optimal shadow. Shading coverage in the case of three trees, is 21.07, 28.54, and 2.54%, respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop, in the case of four trees, is 24.96, 35.36 and 3.39% respectively on the façade, doors/windows, and rooftop and in the case of five trees is 33.26, 44.70 and 3.95% respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. By planting five trees, more than 88% of the south façade and more than 90% of the south façade doors/windows of the building will be covered with shade. However, due to the goal of optimizing the shadow on the building and the greater weight of the doors and windows, the ACO has optimized the position of the trees in such a way that more surfaces of the doors and windows are exposed to the shadows. Due to the fact that in the case of five trees, 90% of the southern facade is in the shade of trees, in the case of six trees, in addition to the southern facade, the eastern and western facades are also considered for planting trees. So that the positions K8, K14, K20, and K30 are chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the south and the position of H2 is chosen in the distance f 2 meters from the west, and the position of H36 is chosen in the distance of 2 meters from the east. On average, these trees provide 33.95%, 42.29%, and 3.64% shade respectively on the facade, doors/windows, and rooftop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Provide a new approach to identify and detect credit card fraud using ANN - ICA
Javad Balaee kodehi Mohammad Tahghighi SharabyanIntroduction: The imperialistic competition algorithm is a method in the field of evolutionary computing that deals with finding the optimal answer to various optimization problems. This algorithm provides an algorithm for solving mathematical optimization problems by m MoreIntroduction: The imperialistic competition algorithm is a method in the field of evolutionary computing that deals with finding the optimal answer to various optimization problems. This algorithm provides an algorithm for solving mathematical optimization problems by mathematical modeling the socio-political evolution process. The imperialistic competition algorithm forms an initial set of possible answers. These initial answers are known as chromosomes in the genetic algorithm, particles in the particle swarm algorithm, and countries in the imperialistic competition algorithm. The imperialistic competition algorithm gradually improves these initial solutions (countries) with a special process that follows and finally provides the appropriate solution to the optimization problem. By imitating the process of the social, economic, and political evolution of countries and by mathematically modeling parts of this process, this algorithm presents operators in a regular form as an algorithm that can help solve complex optimization problems. In fact, this algorithm looks at the solutions of the optimization problem in the form of countries and tries to gradually improve these solutions during an iterative process and finally reach the optimal solution of the problem.Method: The proposed algorithm of this article (combined algorithm of neural network and colonial competition) has used the social-political process of the imperialistic competition algorithm with mathematical modeling in order to provide a strong and efficient algorithm in the field of diagnosis optimization.Findings: Our experiments proved that neural data classification using the transaction rejection option can lead us to a very low error rate, while we are looking for a very high detection rate. In this study, we reached an accuracy rate of 98.54, which is a higher accuracy rate compared to previous methods.Discussion: In this research, credit card fraud detection has been done with the aim of identifying the fraud rate, increasing the accuracy, and applying the lowest system error rate using neural networks and combining it with the colonial competition algorithm. Also, effective features were extracted in the evaluation of fraud detection. It can be concluded that the proposed classification system can have a very high detection performance in credit card financial transactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Religious and Mystical Themes in Taher Watar's Novel "Allaz (Based on Farklaf Pattern)
Sobhan Shafeian Katauon Falahi Leila QasemihajiabadiSufism and mysticism have played an important role in contemporary revolutions and literatures throughout the Islamic world. The intellectual and revolutionary movements of the Sufi sects in Algeria are one of the most influential and prominent roles of Sufism and mysti MoreSufism and mysticism have played an important role in contemporary revolutions and literatures throughout the Islamic world. The intellectual and revolutionary movements of the Sufi sects in Algeria are one of the most influential and prominent roles of Sufism and mysticism in this period. The foundation of Taroutar's thought was laid by the influential contemporary writer Al-Jazeera in the mystical and religious environment. In the present study, we try to refer to the mystical and religious themes in the novel "Allaz", one of the first and most famous novels of Watar, by research, research-analytical method. With a religious and mystical reading of Ellaz, the results show that the novel contains estimates that the author uses in simple language that is far from obligatory, using standard language, with accurate staging and partial imagery for understanding. Deep down the theme of the novel is attempted by the reader. In this novel, traces of mysticism, description, and religiosity such as the Holy Prophet (PBUH), behavioral pattern, Raja, and religious proverbs are presented in an artistic way to depict the events and adventures of the story well for the audience. Be. Manuscript profile -
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53 - مفهوم هویت و عاملیت زنان در رمان ندیمه اثر مارگارت اتوود
Fatemeh Pourjafariمفهوم هویت و عاملیت زنان در رمان ندیمه اثر مارگارت اتوود یکی از مفاهیم مورد بحث در جهان متکثر و چندفرهنگی کنونی، مقوله هویت می باشد که در آثار ادبی نیز به آن پرداخته شده است. نظریه های ادبی و فلسفی متفاوتی تمرکز خود را بر بررسی مفهوم هویت در ادبیات قرار داده اند که اخیر Moreمفهوم هویت و عاملیت زنان در رمان ندیمه اثر مارگارت اتوود یکی از مفاهیم مورد بحث در جهان متکثر و چندفرهنگی کنونی، مقوله هویت می باشد که در آثار ادبی نیز به آن پرداخته شده است. نظریه های ادبی و فلسفی متفاوتی تمرکز خود را بر بررسی مفهوم هویت در ادبیات قرار داده اند که اخیرترین آن ها نقد پسااستعماری می باشد. گایاتری چاکراورتی اسپیواک از منتقدین پسااستعمارگری با رویکرد فمینیسم، به مساله اقلیت ها در هر جامعه ای می پردازد و نشان می دهد که چگونه زن ها و رنگین پوستان توسط سیستم قدرت به حاشیه رانده شده و مورد ظلم قرار می گیرند. از این منظر، سیستم های سیاسی و ایدیولوژیک، هویت را از افراد گرفته تا آنها قادر نباشند خود را به عنوان سوژه هایی انسانی و دارای تاثیرگذاری تاریخی مطرح کنند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی روش هاییست که عاملیت زنان در رمان ندیمه اثر مارگارت اتوود چنان توسط قدرت محو شده که آنها به شی وارگی و فرودستی دچار شده اند. این تحقیق در پایان نشان می دهد که چگونه زنان فرودست و سرکوب شده راه هایی برای اعتراض و بیان خویش می یابند. Manuscript profile -
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54 - The combinatorial of Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and Bisection method for solving Eigenvalue Problem
Parvaneh Mansouri -
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55 - The Iterative Method for Solving Non-Linear Equations
Parvaneh Mansouri -
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56 - Portfolio Optimization by Means of Meta Heuristic Algorithms
Mahmoud Rahmani Maryam Khalili Eraqi Hashem Nikoomaram -
Open Access Article
57 - A mathematical model for balancing (cost-time-quality and environmental risks) in oil and gas projects and solving it by multi-objective Bee Colony Algorithm
Hossein Ali Heydari Heresh Soltanpanah Ayub Rahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluation Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi, Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Important Root Characteristics and Grain Phosphorous Absorption of Wheat cv. Chamran
Seyed Mohammad Amin sobhani Adel Modhej Mohammad Reza Ardakani -
Open Access Article
59 - بهینه سازی مخزن سد کرج با استفاده از الگوریتم مدرن کلونی مورچه ها
حمید رضا عزیزی سعید عزیزی سید حبیب موسوی جهرمیالگوریتم کلونی مورچه الهام گرفته شده از مطالعات و مشاهدات روی کلونی مورچه­ها است. از آن جا که روش­های بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها قادر به آن هستند که زمان محاسبات را به طور قابل توجهی کاهش داده و در عین حال نتایج را بهبود بخشند، در پژوهش حاضر برای تعیین می Moreالگوریتم کلونی مورچه الهام گرفته شده از مطالعات و مشاهدات روی کلونی مورچه­ها است. از آن جا که روش­های بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها قادر به آن هستند که زمان محاسبات را به طور قابل توجهی کاهش داده و در عین حال نتایج را بهبود بخشند، در پژوهش حاضر برای تعیین میزان بهره­برداری بهینه در حوزه­ی مسائل مهندسی آب، از مخزن سد کرج جهت مطالعه و پیاده­سازی این الگوریتم استفاده شد. این پژوهش با هدف بهینه­سازی مخازن آبی، با مطالعه موردی سد کرج توسط الگوریتم بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها صورت گرفت، ابتدا مشخصات سد از شرکت سهامی مدیریت منابع آب ایران تهیه و سپس داده­های حاصل از گزارشات دوره­ای هیدرولوژیکی و هواشناسی از سازمان هواشناسی و سازمان آب منطقه­ای استان البرز برای یک دوره 5 ساله از 1389 تا 1394 تهیه شد. پس از اصلاح و بازسازی داده ها، الگوریتمی به منظور بهینه­سازی مخزن سد کرج ارائه گردید. سپس توسط نرم افزار MATLAB این روند پیاده­سازی شد و مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که استفاده از الگوریتم مدرن بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها در حل مسائل بهینه­سازی سد نتایج خوبی از خود نشان می­دهد که با نتایج روش­های الگوریتم ژنتیک و برنامه­ریزی پویا نیز همخوانی و هماهنگی داشته و بعضاً از آنها بهتر ظاهر شده است. با این وجود به منظور حصول جواب­های بهینه می­بایست روند حل را در فازهای مختلف حل مسئله مورد آزمون قرار داد و با استفاده از بهترین شرایط در مقایسه با سایر رویکردهای بهینه­سازی مورچگان، سیستم حل مناسبی را انتخاب نمود تا جواب­های مناسبی به دست آید. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Optimizing of Open Vehicle Routing Problem by Using an Efficient Hybrid Meta-heuristic Algorithm
Majid Yousefi khoshbakht Hassan Zarie Zahra Sadati Eskandari Narges Mahmmudi Daranie Ahmad Mahmmud JanloThe Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP) is one of the most intensively studied problems in computational mathematics that nowadays and it has been receiving much attention by researchers and scientists. In this Problem, the objective is to define minimized distance trav MoreThe Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP) is one of the most intensively studied problems in computational mathematics that nowadays and it has been receiving much attention by researchers and scientists. In this Problem, the objective is to define minimized distance traveled of the several vehicles that start to move simultaneously from the depot and visit some customers. It is noted that against to the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), it is not necessary that vehicles return to the depot after servicing the customers. This paper proposes a meta-heuristic algorithm in which at the first stage, a modified elite ant colony (EAS) is applied for finding a suboptimal solution, and at the second stage, the insert and swap local search algorithms are used for finding better solutions. Computational results on fifteen standard benchmark problem instances show that the proposed algorithm is comparable in terms of solution quality of other meta-heuristic algorithms. Manuscript profile -
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61 - A Comparative Study on Performance of "ant colony system" and "Linear Programming" methods in the Modeling of the Flow Shop Scheduling
Said Esfandyari Ali Morovati Sharif Abadi Seyed Habibolah Mirghafouri Hamid Reza KadkhodazadehAlthough linear programming is used widely in the world, its inefficiency in dealing with difficult problems is concerned. With the advancement in science and dealing with various problems, it tends to have problems in mass production in a short time. Heuristic and meta MoreAlthough linear programming is used widely in the world, its inefficiency in dealing with difficult problems is concerned. With the advancement in science and dealing with various problems, it tends to have problems in mass production in a short time. Heuristic and meta-heuristic techniques are the latest achievements of nonlinear programming for solving the similar problem. One area that requires programming applications in mass production is NP-scheduling problems. This paper aims at modeling and comparing the two methods of Linear Programming and Ant Colony System Algorithm in flexible flow shop scheduling problem according to the number of jobs and machines. This study is based on comparing the index of time processing, the number of constraints, optimality, and the memory size of the random numbers. Using Quasi-experimental research method, software testing tools are C-sharp and Lingo for the ant colony algorithm and linear programming respectively. The results show that linear programming model has higher performance when machines and jobs are in low numbers; however, with the rise of the machines and jobs, Ant Colony System algorithm has proven high efficiency. Manuscript profile -
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62 - Avatar: A Cinematic Convergence of Science, Technology and Art
Mohammad Hadi Sameni Majid Kowsari Rahim Pendar Faranak ShahmoradiABSTRACT Avatar by James Cameron is a visual narration of an ambitious journey of man to the planet Pandora to obtain a rare mineral, “unobtainium.” The mission cannot be accomplished until the indigenous are displaced and “Tree-of-Life,” the res MoreABSTRACT Avatar by James Cameron is a visual narration of an ambitious journey of man to the planet Pandora to obtain a rare mineral, “unobtainium.” The mission cannot be accomplished until the indigenous are displaced and “Tree-of-Life,” the residence of the people, grown on the land of the mine is felled. U.S. Troops on the mission are accompanied by a scientific team led by Dr. Grace Augustine. They try to send Jake Sully, the paraplegic solider, into the aborigines’ community via an artificial body made out of human and Na’vi DNAs, called “Avatar” to study aborigines and possibly convince them to surrender peacefully. Yet, this never happens as Colonel Miles Quaritch, the military commander, chooses to accomplish the mission by force. The war between intruders and inhabitants brings about a huge amount of environmental damage and oppression of resisting people, especially the women. At the heart of war, Cameron projects the love story of Jake and Neytiri from Pandora leading to Jake’s disillusionment with reality of life in Pandora. Avatar, rich in theme and subject matter reconstructs the history of discovery and colonisation of Australia and brings to the fore concerns of contemporary man including the consumption of natural resources, eco-devastation, and man-woman relationship which is cast into the framework of science fiction. In this sense, a virtual image-body that represents individuals in computer-generated terrains provides a reference to the future of virtual technology and an implication to the rise of new political powers from Asia. Manuscript profile -
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63 - A Post-Colonial Critique of the Novels Mysteries of My Land by Reza Barahani and Palace Walk by Naguib Mahfouz
allahkaram abbasi mahmood haidari mahbobeh KhorasaniColonial literature refers to a branch of contemporary literature that emerged during colonial domination or afterwards with the purpose of liberation from the yoke of colonialism in the colonized countries. Of the main themes of this literature, one can mention the con MoreColonial literature refers to a branch of contemporary literature that emerged during colonial domination or afterwards with the purpose of liberation from the yoke of colonialism in the colonized countries. Of the main themes of this literature, one can mention the confrontation between characters and the themes that set the oriental writer’s ‘self’ as confronting the western ‘other’ and the interaction between them. In the literary fiction in Iran and Egypt, many writers have written on this subject. The present investigation is a comparative study of the two novels, namely the Mysteries of My Land by Reza Barahani, and Palace Walk by Naguib Mahfouz. Both works date back to the occupation of the writers’ lands by western countries. The findings of the study, obtained through content analysis, adopting a comparative approach, suggest that, by expressing and evaluating such fundamental and post-colonial concepts as ‘other’, the core and the periphery, gender, beliefs, freedom-seeking, and the fight against colonialism, the writers have sought to show their “selves” and “other” or the core and the periphery. Key words: Postcolonial Literature, Comparative Literature, Reza Barahani, Naguib Mahfouz, the Mysteries of My Land, Palace Walk Manuscript profile -
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64 - A Survey on the Concept of Freedom in poems by FaroukiYazdi and AbolghasemAlshaby
Abdolreza Modareszadeh Zainab Khoramaabadi Arani Aboozar Ghasemi Arani Hassan Sefareshi BidgoliThe concept of freedom has beenexpressed in different ways in differentcultures and societies. This expression has a special place among African and Asian nations such as Iran &nb MoreThe concept of freedom has beenexpressed in different ways in differentcultures and societies. This expression has a special place among African and Asian nations such as Iran tasting the bitter sense of despotism and colonialism.Poets in such nations have constantly used their poetic and gentle soul to cry for freedom and they have played an important role to inform people of their rights. FaroukiYazdi and A. Alshaby are both have been introduced as “liberal poets”. The concept of freedom in their verses are expressedand definedwith words like freedom, law, resistance against colonialism, dictatorship. Authors in this paper have tried to introduce and study the two poetsin a comparative ways as liberal literary writers whose poems are enriched with expressions of freedom. Consequently, this study shows that the word and concept of freedom has a special place in their poetry. The only difference and exception between these poets is that the concept of freedom has more varied range of meaning in FaroukiYazdi’s poetryincomparison with Alshaby’s. Manuscript profile -
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65 - Comparative Study of Transnational Identity of Migrated Asian Women in JhumpaLahiri and MehrnooshMazarie'sFictions through Looking Lenz of HomiBhabha
Omid Varzande Seyed Reza EbrahimiNational identity plays such the most crucial role in forming plot and themes in an author's mind that characters in his story sometimes find the same identity. Migration in modern time is one of the ways which distant people from their national identity and culture an MoreNational identity plays such the most crucial role in forming plot and themes in an author's mind that characters in his story sometimes find the same identity. Migration in modern time is one of the ways which distant people from their national identity and culture and leaves them disserted in "liminal" space. Living in liminal space encounters migrated people with the most terrible challenge of their lives which coping with cultural shock. Asian people and specially women are facing with more serious challenge in this way, so some female authors, like JhumpaLahiri and MehrnooshMazarie, have tried to show the way women encounter with this challenge. This paper investigating challenging national identity of migrated oriental woman is postcolonial comparative study of abovementioned female authors' fictions. Migrated Asian women living at liminal space at west have to cope with accepting a new identity called transnational identity which is modern man's activity to forget his/her national identity and cultural roots and cope with new space's foreign culture. This paper aims at investigating characters and personal traits at both authors' works to study the way transnational identity forms in Iranian and Indian women living at west. The paper aims at studying the way migrated Asian women get influence by receiving transnational identity. Also, using HomiBhabha postcolonial theories to study authors' fictions can show the true image of migrated Asian women at west. Since the Asian women with transnational identity are new women with new abilities and this image which need to be studied and presented, the paper aims at studying the new image of migrated Asian women by means they try to keep on their national culture and identity and live in borders of cultural spaces of multicultural society. Manuscript profile -
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66 - Determination of valuable piezometric wells in groundwater level prediction by considering spatiotemporal information
Navid HooshangiThe precision of groundwater level estimation is a function of the density, location and accuracy of the wells. As the number of piezometric wells increase, the precision of surface estimation is improved, but digging and maintaining piezometric wells is always costly a MoreThe precision of groundwater level estimation is a function of the density, location and accuracy of the wells. As the number of piezometric wells increase, the precision of surface estimation is improved, but digging and maintaining piezometric wells is always costly and time consuming. The main objective of this research is to minimize the number of piezometric wells and to identify valuable wells for precise prediction of groundwater level. The main innovation of this research is the inclusion of spatial and temporal information in optimizing the number of wells. This research was conducted in three main phases: 1) Obtaining information of 75 piezometric wells of Tabriz plain and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), 2) Implementation of the ant colony optimization algorithm in combination with the simple kriging method and the identification of wells in each year, 3) Calculation of the final value of wells based on number of times each well was present in the calculations for 2014-2017. The results show that of the 75 wells per month, an average of 18 wells adds limited information to the calculations. Of these 75 wells, only two wells in none of the 36-month calculations were considered as valuable wells, and 15 wells have a relative value less than 11 percent. Therefore, the number of piezometric wells can be reduced 20% (15 wells), without a sensible data loss in the estimation of groundwater levels in the area. The results show that using temporal information of wells and proposed method, valuable wells can be identified and, by saving time and cost, to some extent reached the precision of the initial level. Manuscript profile -
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67 - Comparative study of the effects of British and Russian colonialism in the constitutional era in the poems of Nasim Shomal and Malek al-Sha'ari-Bahar
Reza Musabadi mahdi nowrooz The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against More The resistance literature in the Constitutional Revolution is a tree of unity that has emerged in the cultural context of the Constitutional Revolution against tyranny and colonialism of aliens. This literary arena has emerged on the basis of the struggle against the oppressors and their faces and in order to defend Iranian identity against the invasion of foreigners. The phenomenon of colonialism is one of the phenomena that has always faced the countries and nations of the East. Therefore, knowledgeable and capable people, especially artists and literati, are poetic weapons to fight colonialism and colonialism. Due to the fact that colonial practices are diverse and different; therefore, the struggles against it should be diverse and appropriate. In this article, using descriptive-analytical method, a comparative study of the views of Mohammad Taghi Bahar and Seyed-Ashoor-al-Din-Husseini on the colonial phenomenon in their poems is discussed. The researches carried out in this article show that both poets have introduced various phenomena of colonialism in different forms and have similar approaches to fight it, and have presented some solutions that are important- Most of them are: Informing people and neglecting them; inviting to unite and confront colonialism; humiliating colonialism with the language of satire, condemning and condemning oppressors; provoking people and returning to the identity of the Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Optimization of geometric parameters of brushless electric motor
Naser Nemati Abdollah Khalesi Doost Mohammad T.AskariIn this research, a new method is proposed to reduce the coincidence of the volume, losses and cost of making a DC motor without brushes using colonial competition optimization algorithms. In the first step, all electric motor relations are extracted and expressed based MoreIn this research, a new method is proposed to reduce the coincidence of the volume, losses and cost of making a DC motor without brushes using colonial competition optimization algorithms. In the first step, all electric motor relations are extracted and expressed based on its geometric parameters. In the second step, the function of competence, which is the same reduction in the volume, losses and cost of construction of a DC motor without brush, is defined on the basis of the relationships obtained in the previous stage. In the third step, the colonial competition algorithm is used to select the best values of the geometric parameters of the engine so that the objective function is minimized. The results of simulations show that the colonial competition algorithm has a good performance and can dramatically reduce the size, loss, and cost by appropriate selection of geometric parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Application of ant colony optimization method in GIS
Mohsen Ghods Hossein Aghamohammadi Alireza Vafaei Nejad Alireza Gharagozlu Saeed BehzadiSwarm intelligence is one of the new growing methods that is considered in artificial intelligence as a function of the social interaction of components. The Basics of swarm intelligence are based on the study of the behavior of social organisms such as some insects (be MoreSwarm intelligence is one of the new growing methods that is considered in artificial intelligence as a function of the social interaction of components. The Basics of swarm intelligence are based on the study of the behavior of social organisms such as some insects (bees, ants, termites) or even humans. The issue of using meta-heuristic methods for application in hybrid optimization problems is a rapidly growing field of research. This is due to the importance of hybrid optimization issues in the world of industry and science. In recent years, one of the most important and promising researches has been "supra-innovative methods derived from nature", which has had very good results in solving problems of combined problems. Meta-heuristic algorithms are used to solve a problem when, as the size of the problem increases dramatically, so-called NP-hard problems. One of the most widely used meta-innovative methods in this field is the ant colony optimization algorithm, which is used today in solving the problems of spatial resource allocation, routing, and location in GIS environments. In this research, while examining the ant colony algorithm, its expression and parameters required for use in the GIS environment are discussed. The ability of algorithms based on food search in the ant colony algorithm is significantly dependent on the optimal determination of the parameters in these algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - An efficient algorithm for Volt/VAr control in distribution systems with distributed generation using binary ant colony optimization
reza azimi -
Open Access Article
71 - Sociological analysis of thoughts of political, social and cultural elites of Iran From tradition to modernity in the Qajar period As Narrated in Travel Memoirs of Foreigners
kamran hadadi mostafa azkia mansour vosooghiAbstract: The purpose of this research is to achieve some of the hidden angles of contemporary Iranian history during the Qajar period, based on the reports that have been given in travel memoirs of foreigners. This article is based on the method of qualitative text ana MoreAbstract: The purpose of this research is to achieve some of the hidden angles of contemporary Iranian history during the Qajar period, based on the reports that have been given in travel memoirs of foreigners. This article is based on the method of qualitative text analysis and it attempts to review the texts of foreign travel memoirs and extract data, concepts, topics, and ideas for interpreting the events of this period. According to the findings of this paper, Qajar elites were those who tried to make changes in the country's progress, but failed because of the government's ineffectiveness or the influence of the state or foreign intervention. In addition to what is seen in this text, The political, social, and cultural elites of the Qajar era never had a true and true picture of progress in the West and its foundations Key words: tradition, modernity, change, political and cultural elite, progress, west, colonialism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - An introduction to the thoughts and political positions of Ayatollah Agha Najafi Quchani
ali soleimanpouryatollah Aghanajafi, in addition to his outstanding scientific and moral dimensions, can be safely considered as a knowledgeable thinker and a dedicated mujahid in the scene of developments and political issues in Iran and Iraq. Emphasizing on his political thoughts and Moreyatollah Aghanajafi, in addition to his outstanding scientific and moral dimensions, can be safely considered as a knowledgeable thinker and a dedicated mujahid in the scene of developments and political issues in Iran and Iraq. Emphasizing on his political thoughts and anti-colonial and anti-authoritarian positions, this article tries to examine the various aspects of his reasoning and performance in facing the conditions of the country's tyranny and colonization. In line with such a goal, the author has tried to organize and present his desired topics in three speeches as follows:The first speech: the situation of Iran in the years parallel to Aghanajafi's lifeThe second speech: Ayatollah Aghanajafi's thought and anti-colonial positionsThe third speech: Aghanajafi's support for constitutionalism and hostility to internal tyrannyAgha Najafi's very close association and cooperation with prominent leaders of constitutionalism in Iraq such as Ayatollah Akhund Khorasani and Sheikh Abdullah Mazandarani and his enthusiastic and courageous presence in the program of movement of Najaf scholars to Iran to repel the tyranny of Muhammad Ali Shah as well as Jihad against Russia's interference in Iran. It is one of the political struggles and practical reactions of the deceased against tyranny and colonialism in Iran.Key words: Aghanajafi, constitutionalism, tyranny, borrowing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Three Nasiruddin Shah Court’s Women and European Civilization
taherh azimzadehAmongst Qajar’s court men, Abas Mirza, Ghaem Magham and Amir Kabir were pioneers in Modernism and paying attention to European civilization. However, the extent of the familiarity of Qajar court’s women to western ideas is not clear. The research investigate MoreAmongst Qajar’s court men, Abas Mirza, Ghaem Magham and Amir Kabir were pioneers in Modernism and paying attention to European civilization. However, the extent of the familiarity of Qajar court’s women to western ideas is not clear. The research investigates the level of women’s acquaintance with the knowledge and Western Colonialism to lean on three women of Nasiruddin Shah’s Court like Mahd Oliya, Ezatodolleh and Tajosaltane who were Nasiruddin Shah’s mother, sister and daughter. It seems they did not try to improve Western civilization symbols such as schools, newspaper etc. Furthermore, they did not pay attention to the aspects of Western Colonialism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - A Novel Eye Gaze Estimation Method Using Ant Colony Optimizer
Mina Etehadi Abari -
Open Access Article
75 - Improvement of Imperialist Colony Algorithm by Employment of Imperialist Learning Operator and Implementing in Travel Salesman Problem
Hassan Haleh Daniyal Esmaeli Ali AbadiThis study tries to enhance imperialist colony algorithm (ICA) in the context of travel salesman problem (TSP). By adding new learning operator, imperialist learns form colonies that have suitable cost in which manner that improves solution of problems. We believe that MoreThis study tries to enhance imperialist colony algorithm (ICA) in the context of travel salesman problem (TSP). By adding new learning operator, imperialist learns form colonies that have suitable cost in which manner that improves solution of problems. We believe that controlled learning improvement is better than uncontrolled one. The efficiency of new operator represented with variety of instances from TSPLIB. We evaluate the approach on standard TSP test problems and show that it performs better, with respect to solution quality and computation time than ICA without new learning operator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A Non-dominated Sorting Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Approach to the Bi-objective Multi-vehicle Allocation of Customers to Distribution Centers
Jafar Bagherinejad Mina Dehghani -
Open Access Article
77 - An Ant Colony approach to forward-reverse logistics network design under demand certainty
hamed Soleimani Mostafa Zohal -
Open Access Article
78 - A new multi-objective mathematical model for a Citrus supply chain network design: Metaheuristic algorithms
M.B. Fakhrzad F. Goodarzian -
Open Access Article
79 - A Mixed Integer Programming Formulation for the Heterogeneous Fixed Fleet Open Vehicle Routing Problem
Majid Yousefikhoshbakht Frazad Didehvar Farhad Rahmati -
Open Access Article
80 - Modelling and Scheduling Lot Streaming Flexible Flow Lines
Bahman naderi Mehdi Yazdani -
Open Access Article
81 - Effect of Bio and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield, Yield Components and Mycorrhizal Colonization Percent on Common Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
فاطمه Hashemzadeh B. Mirshekari Mehrdad Yarnia F. Rahimzadeh Khoei A. TarinejhadTo study the effect of biofertilizers (mycorrhiza, nitroxin and supernitroplus) and chemical fertilizers (nitrogenous and phosphorus) on yield, components of yield and mycorrhizal colonization percent on commen dill (Anethum graveolens L.) two separate two-year experime MoreTo study the effect of biofertilizers (mycorrhiza, nitroxin and supernitroplus) and chemical fertilizers (nitrogenous and phosphorus) on yield, components of yield and mycorrhizal colonization percent on commen dill (Anethum graveolens L.) two separate two-year experiment were conducted using a factorial experiment design based on completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions at the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran, during 2010 and 2011. Treatments consisted of mycorrhizal application in three levels, (without using mycorrhiza as control, application of species of two mycorrhiza Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae, nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers in three levels (without application as control,applicationofnitroxin and supernitroplus) and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus in three levels including (zero, 50% and 100% of recommended dose according to soil analysis). The results showed that combined and simultaneous application of experimental treatments were effective on number of lateral branch, number of umbel per plant, seed yield and percent of root colonization with mycorrhiza. The combined application of biofertilizers under reduced application of nitrogen and phosphorous chemical fertilizers (zero and 50% recommended dose) affected these positively. Also, separate applications of nitrogen fixing biofertilizers, especially supernitroplus and combined application of mycorrhiza with reduced amounts of chemical fertilizers increased the number of seeds per plant against the control treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Role of Mycorrhiza in Drought Tolerance of Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)
Sh. Moghadasan A. Safipour Afshar F. Saeid NematpourTo study the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and drought stress on marigold, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Plant Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch in 2014. The first f MoreTo study the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis and drought stress on marigold, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Plant Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur branch in 2014. The first factor consisted of application and non-application of mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices) and the second factor consisted of drought stress with three levels (irrigation based on 100%, 75% and 50% of field capacity). The results showed that growth parameters like plant height, leaf number, leaf area, root, shoot dry/fresh weight, Chla and Chlb content were significantly decreased by drought stress in both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. However, inoculation of plants by mycorrhizal fungus increased growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments as compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Traits like RWC, potassium and phosphorus in response to drought stress were decreased. Inoculation of plant roots with Mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly RWC, potassium and phosphorus content of the plants under drought conditions as compared with non-inoculated plants. The results also showed the mycorrhizal symbiosis by Glomus intraradices improved drought tolerance of marigold through enhancing the absorption of water and mineral ions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Sociological look at the death of languages
Narmineh MoeinianLanguages have been born, flourished, lived, and disappeared. But nowadays they are dying with unprecedented speed. Every year 10 languages are disappeared all around the world and linguists predicted that if this situation continues, 90% of languages will be disa MoreLanguages have been born, flourished, lived, and disappeared. But nowadays they are dying with unprecedented speed. Every year 10 languages are disappeared all around the world and linguists predicted that if this situation continues, 90% of languages will be disappeared. Since cultures depend on languages, flourish with languages and continue with them, so each culture will be disappeared with death of each language, too. On the other hand, each language prepares social, economic, and ecological situation for its speakers and also provides them a special worldview. Therefore, death of language implies death of all the necessary opportunities for social and cultural life. In this article it is tried to study the death of language as cultural problem and its reasons. The methodology is documentary and the thoughts and theories of linguistics and researchers of anthropology and sociology are used and also, the recent century changes (about death of languages) in the whole countries that faced with this problem have been considered. The result shows that different psychological, geographical, economical, political, and social factors affect the death of languages. These factors include some micro reasons such as preserving the mother tongue and some macro reasons such as decreasing number of native speakers, natural phenomenon, globalization, colonialism, and role of national states. So solving this problem needs attempts and changes in both macro and micro levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Immunohistochemical study of β-catenin in experimental colon carcinoma of rat
یوسف Doustar داریوش Mohajeri فاطمه Fathi Azar علی NamvaranColorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent and treatable malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies on colorectal neoplasia indicates β-catenin gene mutation and its intranuclear accumulation inside hyperplastic cells. Therefore, β- MoreColorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent and treatable malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies on colorectal neoplasia indicates β-catenin gene mutation and its intranuclear accumulation inside hyperplastic cells. Therefore, β-catenin may be an important prognosis and diagnostic index of this disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the nuclear beta-catenin expression in hyperplastic cells of colon following treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. In this study, 56 wistar male rats with the age of 12 weeks and body weight of 200-300g were selected and randomly allocated into two equal treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, two subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine every week at a dose rate of 40 mg/kg were used for 4 weeks to induce colon carcinoma. The control group was given normal saline solution similarly. After 8 weeks, tissues samples of distal colon were collected from both groups for preparation of tissue sections and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistopathological study of samples revealed that nuclear β-catenin expression in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). The study indicates that the expression of nuclear beta-catenin can increase in hyperplasia and neoplasia of colon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigation on the hygienic quality of natural mineral waters sold in the city of Tabriz in 2008
جلیل Khandaghi M.R Sehat khahWith the significant increase in bottled natural mineral water production and consumption over the last decade in our country, there has been a growing concern over the microbiological quality of such products. The purpose of the present study was to analyze various bot MoreWith the significant increase in bottled natural mineral water production and consumption over the last decade in our country, there has been a growing concern over the microbiological quality of such products. The purpose of the present study was to analyze various bottled natural mineral waters sold in Tabriz. In this study, 150 samples of such products were examined for aerobic colony count, coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aerobic colony count pseudomonas and clostridium were determined using membrane filtration method and most probable number (MPN) method was used for determining coliforms and fecal streptococci. The results indicated that in 25.3% of the samples there was no microbial growth in plate count agar media and 2% of the samples were contaminated with high levels of aerobic colony count (more than 20 bacteria/ ml). Furthermore, of the 72.6% of samples with acceptable aerobic colony count, 2.75%, 1.83%, 2.75% and 0.91% were contaminated with coliforms, fecal streptococci, pseudomonas and clostridium respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Physiological and biochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) to mycorrhizal fungi application under salinity stress condition
Morteza Iraji Mareshk Mohammad MoghaddamIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi under salinity stress conditions on physiological and biochemical properties of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.), a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with two factor MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi under salinity stress conditions on physiological and biochemical properties of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.), a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the application of two types of mycorrhizal fungi at three levels (non-inoculation, Rhizophagus intradices, and Funnetiformis mosseae) and the second factor was irrigation with salinity water at 4 levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM equal to 0, 3.5, 7, and 10.5 ds/m sodium chloride, respectively). The salinity treatment was applied in the plants at the eight-leaf stage and on three days a week. Results showed that application of salinity stress reduced the relative water content and chlorophyll of leaves. With increasing salinity concentration, the amount of electrolyte leakage, total carbohydrate, and proline increased in leafs. In contrast, the use of mycorrhizal fungi resulted in improved traits measured under salt stress conditions. The amount of proline, total carbohydrate, and electrolyte leakage decreased with the use of mycorrhizal fungi under stress conditions due to the positive effect of these fungi on balancing growth conditions in the plant under salt stress. Also, the highest amount of relative water content and chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll of leaves were observed under non salinity stress treatment and application of R. intradices. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that the application of salinity stress at 120 mM resulted in a significant reduction in the studied traits. Besides, the application of mycorrhiza fungi at this level of salinity could not improve the negative effects of salt stress. The use of R. intradices compared to the F. mosseae had a greater effect on the improvement of physiological and biochemical characteristics of Mexican marigold under salinity stress conditions at low salt concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Locating fire stations using the Ant Colony Algorithm and GIS A Case study: Tehran City
Mohammad Arab Amiri Mehrdad Rafiepour Mohammad SadiMesgariThe location of Fire stations plays an important role in the efficiency of these facilities during fire accidents. Therefore, in order to maximize the coverage of these stations to population centers, proper locating of these fire stations seems necessary. On the other MoreThe location of Fire stations plays an important role in the efficiency of these facilities during fire accidents. Therefore, in order to maximize the coverage of these stations to population centers, proper locating of these fire stations seems necessary. On the other hand, locating of fire stations and allocating population to them is a combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to integrate geographic information system and a meta-heuristic algorithm based on ant colony algorithm for optimal site selection of fire stations. For this purpose, a case study was carried out in five regions of Tehran. In this study, suitable areas were firstly identified by analytical hierarchical process method which is a common multi-criteria decision making method. For this purpose, access to the main transportation routes, proximity to compatible land uses, and staying away from incompatible land uses were considered as criteria. Furthermore, the coverage of the existing stations was also considered in the final map. Then the suitable stations were selected from the prone options by the proposed ant colony algorithm. In order to select these stations, parameters include incorporating proper distance among fire stations and maximizing the population that can be served by these fire stations in the standard time, were considered. The computational results reveal that the proposed algorithm can obtain high quality solutions to such problems in a short time. The results of this paper also reveal the efficiency of this method in the optimal locating of fire stations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Considering why Ghavam handed over northern oil to the Soviet Union
Ali Rahmanpour Mohammadhasan Raznahan reza shabaniIran's strategic position has always been coveted by the colonialists due to the existence of oil wells in the north and south of Iran and its great importance in the world arena. During World War II, when Iran was occupied by the Soviet Union and Britain, and after the MoreIran's strategic position has always been coveted by the colonialists due to the existence of oil wells in the north and south of Iran and its great importance in the world arena. During World War II, when Iran was occupied by the Soviet Union and Britain, and after the end of the war, Britain withdrew its forces from Iran, but the Soviet Union sought to gain concessions under the pretext of that. It was at this time that Ghavam's role as prime minister of Iran, which had relatively good relations with the Soviet Union, was evident in the evacuation of Soviet forces. The main question is what was the role of Ghavam Al-Saltanah in handing over the northern oil concession and what was its purpose? Ghavam's policy on this issue was very complicated, because he, as prime minister, had to protect Iran's interests, and on the other hand, he had to protect the interests of the Soviet Union, which had supported him. This article aims to examine the relationship between Iran and the Soviet Union during this period and why Ghavam handed over northern oil to the Soviet Union, and tried to discuss how to negotiate and resolve the issue of Soviet withdrawal from Iranian territory. The research method is also qualitative and has historically described and analyzed the events. Findings show; Ghavam's main purpose in handing over this concession was not to betray the country, but only as a means to expel Soviet forces from Iranian territory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Role of Iran's Political Geography in Two World Wars of the Twentieth Century
MOHAMMAD GARSHASBI Mahmood SeyyedOne of the most pressing challenges of the ancient world and the modern age has been to compete over the resources of far and near lands. The competition that led to outright wars overwhelmed the conqueror of war over all political geographical components of a climate, MoreOne of the most pressing challenges of the ancient world and the modern age has been to compete over the resources of far and near lands. The competition that led to outright wars overwhelmed the conqueror of war over all political geographical components of a climate, including space, , and human resources. So the climates have and will have a significant role in the wars. An examination of this issue from the angle of history and geopolitics and its adaptation to what took place on Iranian soil between 1914 and 1945 is a benchmark for comparing and targeting the geopolitical features of Iran with the onset of two major world wars in the half century. Twentieth confronts the researcher. As geopolitical science is a relatively new concept, in the context of the sciences of history, geography and politics, it has become more consolidated after the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, as well as concepts such as Hartland and Remland. The origins of many history wars, especially those of the 19th and 20th centuries, can be traced. Geopolitics Although it studies all the climates of the world, climates such as Iran, Egypt, the Indian subcontinent, the Iberian peninsula, the Balkan peninsula, etc. are always more important because of the greater human opposition to them. It has happend. This study examines the geopolitical features of Iran's climate that have fueled many wars and the causes of the outbreak of the First and Second World Wars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Anti-colonialism of Bakhtiaries With Emphasize Poem of "Rasurrection of Masjedsoleyman" By Darab Afsar Bakhtiari
Shabnam Hatampour Bita BabayeeradDiscovering oil in 1908 and establishing first oil well of the Middle East in the homeland of Bakhtiaries, Masjed Soleyman, have influenced that area and paved the ground for the British colonial presence in this area. Although native Bakhtiari wanderers early worked as MoreDiscovering oil in 1908 and establishing first oil well of the Middle East in the homeland of Bakhtiaries, Masjed Soleyman, have influenced that area and paved the ground for the British colonial presence in this area. Although native Bakhtiari wanderers early worked as the work forces in the oil facilities, they soon understand intelligently that they were seized for the colonialists' goals. The sense of oil ownership of their homeland, patriotism, and their disloyalty to the Pahlavie's government strengthen their distrust to the imperialists. This paper has considered anti-colonialism aspects in dialectical poem of Masjed Soleyman Resurrection, the most popular poem between Bakhtiaries, with sociological viewpoint. The result of this paper is as follows: Speech of the presence of colonialism and using oil of their ancestral land. Speech of the injustice of employers in deal with natives. Declaration of the lost generation. Declaration of the Pahlavi government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Optimization of Cutting Parameters Based on Production Time Using Colonial Competitive (CC) and Genetic (G) Algorithms
Hossain Towsyfyan Seyed Adnan Adnani Salehi Shahed Mohammadi Sepideh Hadipour Moradi Basim Freegah -
Open Access Article
92 - Energy Saving by Timely Replacing Three-Phase Induction Motors with the Help of Accurate Estimation of its Efficiency Using Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Mehdi Bigdeli Davood Azizian Mohammad JamadiToday, most energy consumption in industry is related to induction motors. Evaluation of induction motor’s efficiency is an important issue for life estimation, extend the life and energy saving managements. Using the estimated efficiency of the induction motor, i MoreToday, most energy consumption in industry is related to induction motors. Evaluation of induction motor’s efficiency is an important issue for life estimation, extend the life and energy saving managements. Using the estimated efficiency of the induction motor, its performance can be judged and replacing the existing low efficiency motor by a high efficiency motor could be decided. In this paper, a novel and efficient method based on Modified Artificial Bee Colony (MABC) Algorithm is presented for efficiency estimation in the induction motors. The main advantage of the proposed method is efficiency evaluation of induction motor without any intrusive test. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, a comparison with other intelligent optimization algorithms is performed. Then, one of the important applications of efficiency estimation, which replaces the high efficiency induction motors instead of conventional motors, is discussed. The results of the calculation of energy savings show that if a standard motor is replaced with a high efficiency motor, energy savings will be significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Optimal Design of Residential Microgrids with Regard to Fault Occurrence and Possibility of Power Outage
Mehrdad Movahedpour Sirus Mohammadi Mohammadjavad Kiani Taher Niknam Mahmoud ZadehbagheriOne of the issues which has attracted a lot of attention in the power grid in recent years is the emergence of microgrids. An optimized microgrid design includes choosing the best combination of the available options (distributed generation units, energy storage systems MoreOne of the issues which has attracted a lot of attention in the power grid in recent years is the emergence of microgrids. An optimized microgrid design includes choosing the best combination of the available options (distributed generation units, energy storage systems, and load response programs) to supply the microgrid so that the total costs of the microgrid development plan is minimized. In this article, a comprehensive modeling has been conducted for the problem of optimal design of residential microgrids considering the renewable distributed generation units, energy storage systems and controllable loads. This model takes into account the intrinsic stochastic behavior of renewable energy and the uncertainty involving electric load prediction, and thus proper stochastic models for them has been chosen. In order to find the optimal solution, the problem of microgrid design is modeled as an optimization problem with the goal of minimizing the total costs of the microgrid development plan and the optimal response is determined via ant colony optimization algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - A New QoS-Based Routing Protocol for Video Streaming in VANETs Using ACO Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic
Mohammad Vafaei Ahmad Khademzadeh Mohammad Ali PourminaThe multi-path transmission is an appropriate transmission method for high data rate packets like video streaming. To provide video streaming with high quality, the video packets are divided into different frames for transmitting through various paths. Nevertheless, reg MoreThe multi-path transmission is an appropriate transmission method for high data rate packets like video streaming. To provide video streaming with high quality, the video packets are divided into different frames for transmitting through various paths. Nevertheless, regarding the results of numerous inherent features of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), designing an efficient and stable routing protocol is difficult for various applications of VANETs. In particular, the dynamic nature of topology and intermittent connectivity make maintaining the quality of service (QoS) task very difficult. To provide QoS to entertainment applications and traffic safety in VANET, we offer a routing protocol based on the adaptive intersection with QoS support regarding delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and connectivity probability. To establish the best QoS routes, we considered the equivalent routing problem as the optimization problem and then proposed an algorithm based on ant colony optimization (ACO) for solving it. Furthermore, a fuzzy logic-based algorithm was employed to select the best next-hop vehicle by incorporating multiple metrics associated with the vehicle’s position, link quality, and vehicle mobility. According to the simulation results, the proposed approach achieves the average PDR of more than 84.2%, the end-to-end delay of less than 3.58 s, the overhead of less than 15.65%, and the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of more than 20.82 dB. It is understandable from the result analysis that the performance of the proposed approach is excellent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - A New Algorithm for Link Scheduling in MIMO Wireless Mesh Networks with Various Interference Condition by Ant Colony Algorithm
Sadegh Zarmehi Mahmoud Daneshvar Farzanegan Avid AvokhWireless mesh networks are appropriate and cost-effective infrastructure for Internet but due to the limited scalability and capacity, a lot of research has been doing on new ways to improve these limitations such as optimization of scheduling, routing, etc. In this pap MoreWireless mesh networks are appropriate and cost-effective infrastructure for Internet but due to the limited scalability and capacity, a lot of research has been doing on new ways to improve these limitations such as optimization of scheduling, routing, etc. In this paper focusing on time division multiple access (TDMA) method, a new algorithm called ant colony for link scheduling in mesh networks (ALSM) based on Ant Colony algorithm is proposed which reduces the possibility of collision to zero by scheduling links. In this algorithm, we will try to size super frames and assign each link to a time slot in such a way that limitations are satisfied and finally, the end-to-end latency is minimized. In multi-input multi-output (MIMO) networks, we face two types of interference (weak and strong). In ALSM, the ant colony has been modified in such a way that the optimal timing of the links can be obtained by considering these two types of interferences. Our results show that ALSM algorithm can schedule links with shorter super frames compared to other recent algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - مقایسه اثر عصاره زنجبیل و آسپیرین بر بیان ژن COX-2 در سلول های دودمان سرطان کولون HT-29
آرزو حقیقی نوشا ضیا جهرمیمقدمه و هدف: سرطانکولونپسازسرطانریهدومین عللمرگومیرناشىازسرطاندرجهان می باشد. عوامل محیطی و ژنتیکی نقش مهمی در بروز این سرطان ایفا می کنند. از عوامل مهم در ایجاد این سرطان التهابات طولانی مدت کولون می باشد. زنجبیل به دلیل داشتن ترکیب 6-جینجرول دارای Moreمقدمه و هدف: سرطانکولونپسازسرطانریهدومین عللمرگومیرناشىازسرطاندرجهان می باشد. عوامل محیطی و ژنتیکی نقش مهمی در بروز این سرطان ایفا می کنند. از عوامل مهم در ایجاد این سرطان التهابات طولانی مدت کولون می باشد. زنجبیل به دلیل داشتن ترکیب 6-جینجرول دارای خاصیت ضد التهابی است که در پیشگیری از سرطان کولون نقش دارد.در سرطان کولون التهاب، از علائم اولیه آن محسوب می شود. در این مطالعه ­اثر عصاره زنجبیل­ بر بیان ژن -2­­COX در سلول­های دودمان سرطان کولون HT-29 بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، سلول­های دودمان سرطان کولون 29- HT پس از کشت، ­در پاساژ سوم تریپسینه شد و تعداد 5000 سلول در چاهک­­­های پلیت 96 خانه کشت داده شد .سپس سلول­ها با عصاره زنجبیل در 4 غلظت10، 20، 30 و40میلی­گرم برمیلی­لیتر تیمار داده و پلیت­ها به مدت 24، 48و 72 ساعت در دمای 37 درجه سانتی­گراد، 5 درصد CO2 انکوبه گردید. به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره زنجبیل بر سلول­ها،تست MTT انجامو دانسیته نوری پلیت­ها توسط دستگاه الایزا در طول موج 570 نانومتر قرائت شد. RNA توتال سلولی استخراج و توسط روش RT-PCR بیان ژنCOX-2 بررسی گردید. نتایج و بحث: عصاره زنجبیل با غلظت 20 میلی گرم برمیلی­لیتر بیشترین IC50 را نشان داد. بیان ژن COX-2 با روش RT-PCR نشان داد، عصاره زنجبیل با غلظت 20 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر موجب کاهش بیان ژن COX-2 در مقایسه با داروی آسپرین به عنوان یک داروی ضد التهاب درسلول­های دودمانHT-29 سرطان کولون می­شود.باتوجه به اهمیت کاهش التهاب در بیماران مبتلا به سرطان کولون یافته­ها نشان داد که استفاده از عصاره زنجبیل می­تواند نقش مهمی در کاهش التهاب و کاهش بیان ژن COX-2 که نقش مهمی در سنتز پروستاگلاندین­ها و ایجاد التهاب دارد داشته باشد. توصیهکاربردی/صنعتی:دراینبررسینقشعصارهزنجبیلوآسپیرینکهازداروهایضدالتهابموثراستقابلمقایسهبوده­است.لذابهنظرمی­رسدباتحقیقاتبیشتردرآینده،بتوانازآنبهعنوانیکراهکارجدیددرمانیبهرهبرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Analysis of the relationship and position of the countries on the basis of THE imperialism and development in the arena of international relations
mohanadreza mailiSince the France Great Revolution (1789) until now, relation between states and nations has become increasingly important and expanding. These relations base on political and legal framework as well as specific concept are separable. If we want to highlight two concepts MoreSince the France Great Revolution (1789) until now, relation between states and nations has become increasingly important and expanding. These relations base on political and legal framework as well as specific concept are separable. If we want to highlight two concepts or key-terms in relations between states and societies from the 19th century until now; they are IMPERIALISM and DEVELOPMENT. The division of states in the arena of international relations in 19th century until now is based on concepts of indicators of imperialism & development.This article is trying to rely on these two concepts and hereby analyzes the relations and positions between states and societies in the history bed of international relations. This analysis is against to one-sided debates that are thoroughly with negative, contentious and based on unilateral view (including Marxists and leftist to European nationalism and capitalism) which considers the opposite side as the factor of evil and depravity and in return ideologically but not scientifically analyzes the history and the relations between states and societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - An Ant-Colony Optimization Clustering Model for Cellular Automata Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
عارف صفری -
Open Access Article
99 - Post-colonial readings of self/other-contrast in the “Bivatan” novel based on the Edward Said’s Orientalism thinking
tahmineh shojaatzadeh narges oskooei arash moshfeghiOne of the most important works of Reza Amirkhani – who can be considered a leading author and owning a style in the resistance and anti-colonial literature – is his “Bivatan” novel in which the author through an meaningful arrangement of west mo MoreOne of the most important works of Reza Amirkhani – who can be considered a leading author and owning a style in the resistance and anti-colonial literature – is his “Bivatan” novel in which the author through an meaningful arrangement of west modern cultural demonstration beside eastern traditional, has represented the contrast between these two culture and hidden and apparent struggle between the very well to audience. The importance of this novel is in that the author has been able in the form of post-modern literature, and utilizing the events of the contemporary world such as imperialism leadership and dominance on the other countries, challenge the cultural contrast of west and east, influence of the west language on the east and also the eastern identity crisis and report its result in the form of increasing development of west’s extensive influence on the east. The present research utilizing descriptive-analytical method highlights the components of Edward Said’s thinking such as: traditional identity and modernity, east inferiority compared to the leadership and dominance of the west world, contrast of the identity concept of self and other in the post-colonial area and in the base of the “Bivatan” novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Apimix and Apipasta the New Trend in Bee Feeding and Creation of New Bee Colonies
R. Shumkova R. Balkanska -
Open Access Article
101 - Improvement of Routing Operation Based on Learning with Using Smart Local and Global Agents and with the Help of the Ant Colony Algorithm
Majid Mohammadpour Hamid Parvin Ali Chamkoori -
Open Access Article
102 - An Improved K-Means with Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Clustering Crimes
Mohammad Karimi Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh -
Open Access Article
103 - New Approach with Hybrid of Artificial Neural Network and Ant Colony Optimization in Software Cost Estimation
Nader Ebrahimpour Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh Zeinab Abbasi Khalifehlou -
Open Access Article
104 - Intrusion Detection System in Computer Network Using Hybrid Algorithms (SVM and ABC)
Bahareh Gholipour Goodarzi Hamid Jazayeri Soheil Fateri -
Open Access Article
105 - RISE Feedback Control Design for RLED Robot Manipulator Using Bees Algorithm
Behnaz Hadi Alireza Khosravi Abolfazl Ranjbar N. Pouria Sarhadi -
Open Access Article
106 - An Effective Ant Colony Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem
Majid Yousefikhoshbakht Azam Dolatnejad -
Open Access Article
107 - Finite Time Adaptive Optimal Integral Sliding Mode Control for a Class of Uncertain Second Order Nonlinear Systems with Input Nonlinearity
Alireza Modirrousta Hadi Delavari -
Open Access Article
108 - Solving the Capacitated Clustering Problem by a Combined Meta-Heuristic Algorithm
Narges Mahmoodi Darani Vahid Ahmadi Zahra Saadati Eskandari Majid Yousefikhoshbakht -
Open Access Article
109 - Locating Optimal Places for Emergency Medical Centers Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Karim Mohrechi Abdolreza Hatamlou -
Open Access Article
110 - Multi-objective Placement of Capacitor Banks in Distribution System using Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm
Abbas Baghipour Saeed Fallahian -
Open Access Article
111 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی تاثیر برخی قارچ کشها و عصاره چای روی Pestalotia sp. وColletotrichum sp. ، عوامل لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا
Mahsa Moshayedi Hadi Rahanandeh Alireza Hamzehاثر پنج قارچ کش و عصاره برگ تازه چای در برابر لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا در طول فصل تابستان 1394 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد رشت مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. قارچ کش ها در غلظت های 1000، 2000 و 3000 پی پی ام تهیه و به منظور تعیین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد عوا Moreاثر پنج قارچ کش و عصاره برگ تازه چای در برابر لکه برگی و آنتراکنوز آزالیا در طول فصل تابستان 1394 در آزمایشگاه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد واحد رشت مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. قارچ کش ها در غلظت های 1000، 2000 و 3000 پی پی ام تهیه و به منظور تعیین درصد بازدارندگی از رشد عوامل بیماری زا به کار برده شدند. اثر قارچ کش های مختلف Bavistin 50WP، Dithane M-45، Aliette، Benlate 50 WP و Topsin M 70 WP روی قارچ Pestalotia کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب با 5/0، 5/0، 5/0 ، 38/3 و 56/2 میلی متر و شاهد 0/88 میلی متر در دوز تجاری توصیه شده 2000 پی پی ام داشت. قارچ کش های فوق کاهش قابل توجهی در رشد پرگنه Colletotrichum داشتند و در هر سه غلظت هیچ رشدی در مقابل سه قارچ کش Mancozeb ،Thiophanate-methyl وFosetyl aluminum مشاهده نشد. با این حال حساسیت قابل توجهی در پاتوژن های جدا شده به قارچ کش های مختلف وجود داشت. غلظت های مختلف عصاره برگ تازه چای مورد استفاده، برای کنترل عوامل بیماری زا فوق هیچ کدام قادر به جلوگیری از رشد کلنی قارچ ها در سطح آزمایشگاه نبودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Solving the vehicle routing problem by a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm
Majid Yousefikhoshbakht Esmaile Khorram -
Open Access Article
113 - Resource leveling scheduling by an ant colony-based model
Mohsen Garmsiri Mohammad Reza Abassi -
Open Access Article
114 - An ACO algorithm for one-dimensional cutting stock problem
K Eshghi H Javanshir -
Open Access Article
115 - A modified elite ACO based avoiding premature convergence for travelling salesmen problem
M Yousefikhoshbakht E Mahmoodabadi M Sedighpour -
Open Access Article
116 - Investigation of effect of oxaliplatin and paclitaxel drugs on colon cancer cells(HT29) and analysis of apoptotic genes expression caspase 3, caspase 9 and P53
H. Mahmoodzadeh Javad Baharara Yeganeh Rezaiee DalouiAim: In this study the effects of paclitaxel and oxaliplatin on colon cancer cell line (HT29) and expression of apoptotic genes caspase 3, 9, and p53 were examined.Material and methods: Using the MTT method, the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and oxaliplatin and synergic ef MoreAim: In this study the effects of paclitaxel and oxaliplatin on colon cancer cell line (HT29) and expression of apoptotic genes caspase 3, 9, and p53 were examined.Material and methods: Using the MTT method, the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel and oxaliplatin and synergic effect at different concentrations on the HT29 cell line was assessed. The IC50 of paclitaxel and oxaliplatin was determined.The expression level of caspase 3 and 9 was assessed using the Real-Time PCR method after the cells had been exposed to the IC50 concentration. Apoptosis of the cells was done using Annexin V/PI and DAPI staining.Results: The treatment of cells revealed that paclitaxel and oxaliplatin at concentrations of 3.25 and 0.00062 µg/ml , respectively, have the most cytotoxic effects and its IC50 value was determined to be 12.5 µg/ml and 0.00016 and treatment groups at concentrations of 3.25 and 0.00062 µg/ml , respectively, decreased the cell viability and its IC50 value was determined to be 12.5 µg/ml and0.00016µg/m. The expression level of caspase 3 and 9 P53 was also increased in the treated colon cancer cell line. DAPI staining showed apoptosis in the simultaneous treatment groups with. Using Annexin V/PI reveals that 98 percent of the cells in the control group are healthy and a considerable number of the cells in the treated groups have undergone apoptosis. Conclusion: Is. It is clear that paclitaxel and oxaliplatin are effective options for treating colon cancer given their cytotoxicity and stimulation of the apoptotic process in colon cancer cell lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Colonial organization of space constitutes for the foundation of territorial insecurity in Sistan and Baloochestan
Pirouz Mojtahedzadeh Hashem Amiri Ezatallah Ezzati -
Open Access Article
118 - Hows and Whys of Reuter’s Agreement: From Contraction to Cancellation
Abbasali Rahbar Hassan Sadeghian-e Kumar Olia Farzad Nemati -
Open Access Article
119 - Presenting the Evolutionary Model of Short Selling Using Collective Intelligence and Ant Colony Algorithm
Sadegh Hojjati Arash Naderian Majid Ashrafi Jamadverdi Gorganli DojiThe purpose of this research is to present the evolutionary model of short selling using collective intelligence and an ant colony algorithm. In terms of method, this research is in the category of quantitative research, and the purpose of the study is practical. The st MoreThe purpose of this research is to present the evolutionary model of short selling using collective intelligence and an ant colony algorithm. In terms of method, this research is in the category of quantitative research, and the purpose of the study is practical. The statistical population includes all active companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research has been investigated between 2011 and 2019 for active companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The method of data collection is library-type and uses foreign and domestic articles and financial data of companies admitted to the stock exchange, which has been compiled by referring to financial statements and explanatory notes using the new Rahvard Novin software. In the following, we have presented the short-selling model by using EViews 9 software and MATLAB, and then using MATLAB software and the ant colony algorithm, we have presented the evolutionary model of short selling. In the end, by comparing the step-by-step regression model and the borrowed sales model (ant colony algorithm), he presented a model that is more efficient than other models. The result of the research indicates that the short-selling model with the help of the ant colony algorithm has a higher efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - تجزیه و تحلیل پسااستعماری ترجمۀ فارسی به انگلیسی اشعار برگزیده توسط آرتور جی آربری
Maliheh Molaei Seyyed Shahabeddin Sadati Shahin Ojaghalizadehکارکرد ترجمه طی چند قرن گذشته گستردهتر شدهاست و علاوهبر جنبههای زبانی، عوامل ایدئولوژیکی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و سیاسی نیز فرایند ترجمه را تحتالشعاع قرار دادهاند. از آنجائیکه ترجمه صرفاً عملی خنثی و زبانی نیست و به مدت طولانی، ابزاری کمکی برای ابرقدرتها به حساب میآم Moreکارکرد ترجمه طی چند قرن گذشته گستردهتر شدهاست و علاوهبر جنبههای زبانی، عوامل ایدئولوژیکی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و سیاسی نیز فرایند ترجمه را تحتالشعاع قرار دادهاند. از آنجائیکه ترجمه صرفاً عملی خنثی و زبانی نیست و به مدت طولانی، ابزاری کمکی برای ابرقدرتها به حساب میآمد تا بر ملتهای ضعیفتر تسلط یابند، پس رابطۀ بین متن اصلی و ترجمۀ آن مستلزم بررسیهای فراوان از رویکرد پسااستعماری میباشد. بدیهی است که ارتباط مهمی بین "پسااستعمارگرایی" و "ترجمه" وجود دارد و بسیاری از مترجمان و نویسندگان پسااستعماری، مولفههای فرهنگی خود را در آثارشان منتقل کردهاند؛ از اینرو، این مقاله به تجزیه و تحلیل پسااستعماری ترجمههای انگلیسی پنج شعر فارسی به ترجمۀ "آرتور جان آربری"، شرقشناس مطالعات پسااستعماری، میپردازد تا جایگزینی یا عدم جایگزینی مفاهیم غربی به جای مضامین شرقی از سوی مترجم مشخص گردد. در این راستا، ترجمههای انگلیسی مورد نظر از کتاب گلچین ترجمۀ اشعار: ویرایش ای جی آربری (1387) و اشعار فارسی مربوطه از کتابهای گوناگون جمعآوری شدهاند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه و تحلیلها حاکی از آن است که مترجم در ترجمۀ برخی از مضامین خاص اشعار فارسی، هویت شرقی-ایرانی را نادیده انگاشته و در نتیجه، رنگ و بوی غربی به اشعار بخشیدهاست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - خانه و تعلق دیاسپوریک در لندنی های تنها اثر سم سلون و بودای حاشیه نشینان اثر حنیف قریشی
Morteza Lakپژوهش حاضر به بررسی مفهوم "خانه" و "تعلق دیاسپوریک" آنگونه که توسط شخصیت­های دو رمان لندنی­های تنها (1956) اثر سم سلوِن و بودای حاشیه نشینان (1990) اثر حنیف قریشی برداشت می­شوند می پردازد. این روایات که در دو دوره نزدیک به هم در تاریخ معاصر انگلستان یعنی دهه Moreپژوهش حاضر به بررسی مفهوم "خانه" و "تعلق دیاسپوریک" آنگونه که توسط شخصیت­های دو رمان لندنی­های تنها (1956) اثر سم سلوِن و بودای حاشیه نشینان (1990) اثر حنیف قریشی برداشت می­شوند می پردازد. این روایات که در دو دوره نزدیک به هم در تاریخ معاصر انگلستان یعنی دهه­های 1950 و1970 روی میدهند، آن دسته از شرایط سیاسی و اجتماعی­ای را به تصویر می کشند که در فرموله نمودن و تبیین برساخته­های گفتمانی و ایدئولوژیکی که انگلستان را به عنوان خانه و موطن مهاجران تعریف می­کرد نقش بسزایی بازی می­نمودند. این مقاله بر لحظاتی از رمانها تمرکز دارد که عمدتآ بازنماینده کارکردهای سیستماتیک تبعیض نژادی است، به گونه­ای که کاربست سخت گیرانۀ نظام بوروکراتیک و دیسکورسهای ضد مهاجرتی انگلستان شخصیت­های داستانها در مواجهه­شان با رویای "وطنی شدن" مایوس نموده و خودآگاهی آنها را به سوی بی وطنی و دلتنگی برای خانه­ای که در فراسوی مرزهای انگلستان جا نهاده اند سوق می­دهد. بنیان نظری این تحقیق بر اندیشه­های متفکرین کمتر شناخته شده پسااستعمار مانند استوارت هال، پل گیلروی، و آوتار برا استوار است. بر اساس آراء این اندیشمندان، مقاله حاضر بر آن است تا نشان دهد با وجود اینکه دستگاههای تبلیغاتی و پروپاگاندای انگلستان در میانه قرن بیستم تا پایان دوره مارگارت تاچر تلاش میکردند تا این کشور را پذیرای مهاجرین . مشوق چندفرهنگی معرفی کنند، اما در عمل تلاشهای دیاسپورای مهاجرین هندی و حوزه کارائیب برای پیوند با جامعه این کشور عقیم می­ماند. نتیجه این دوگانگی در عملکرد، سرخوردگی و دلتنگی دیاسپوریک شخصیت­هایی است با پی بردن به عدم تحقق رویاهای خود، معنای خانه و تعلق را نه در سرزمین جدیدی که به آن مهاجرت کرده­اند، که در اجتماعات کوچکی متشکل از هم­وطنانی که همگی از تبعیض و تزویر رنج می برند می یابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - بررسی انعکاس گفتمان ضد غربی جامعه در ترجمه رمانهای پسا استعماری به فارسی: رمانهای روزهای برمه ای، گذرگاهی به هند و در قلب تاریکی
katayoon Afzali Akram Koochehbaghiچرخش فرهنگی مطالعات ترجمه بر روی نقش جامعه و عوامل سیاسی در ترجمه تاکید دارد. بعد از انقلاب اسلامی گفتمان ضد غربی در ایران حاکم شد. با در نظر گرفتن این تغییر سیاسی، هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی چگونگی به تصویر کشیده شدن استعمار گران غربی در ترجمه رمانهای پسا استعماری به فارسی ق Moreچرخش فرهنگی مطالعات ترجمه بر روی نقش جامعه و عوامل سیاسی در ترجمه تاکید دارد. بعد از انقلاب اسلامی گفتمان ضد غربی در ایران حاکم شد. با در نظر گرفتن این تغییر سیاسی، هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی چگونگی به تصویر کشیده شدن استعمار گران غربی در ترجمه رمانهای پسا استعماری به فارسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، رمانهای روزهای برمه ای اثر جورج اورول، گذرگاهی به هند اثر ادوارد مورگان و در قلب تاریکی اثر جوزف کنراد به همراه ترجمه های فارسی آنها مورد برررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که مترجمین از راهکارهای اغراق، تغییر، خاص نمودن و کلی نمودن برای به تصویر کشیدن استعمار گران استفاده نموده اند. یافته ها نشان می دهد که چگونه گفتمان ضد غربی جامعه در ترجمه رمانهای پسا استعماری منعکس گردیده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - A Comparative Study on Despeckling Techniques in Intravascular Ultrasound Images
Sima Navabian Fereshteh Yousefi Rizi Zahra Alizadeh Sani -
Open Access Article
124 - Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and induction of defensive enzyme of phenylalanine ammonialyse in tomato by Trichoderma and Bacillus antagonist isolates
Shahnaz Aleaghaee Saeed Rezaee Mostafa Ebadi Hamidreza ZamanizadehBackground & Objectives: Fusarium wilt disease is one of the limiting factors of tomato production in most countries, especially in Iran. Considering the malicious effect of chemicals on health, the study on the alternatives for disease controlling is important. Thi MoreBackground & Objectives: Fusarium wilt disease is one of the limiting factors of tomato production in most countries, especially in Iran. Considering the malicious effect of chemicals on health, the study on the alternatives for disease controlling is important. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates on biological control of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.Materials & Methods: The inhibitory effects of Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates against Fusarium were evaluated on PDA. The ability of the colonization of these antagonists was also examined. The effect of separate and combined application of the antagonists isolates against Fusarium vascular wilt disease severity index and some growth factors of tomato were determined. Also, the potential of these isolates on the induction of phenylalanine ammonlyase was measured in seedlings infected with Fusarium.Results: The biocontrol agents showed different levels of inhibition of Fusarium growth. The Trichoderma isolates were more successful with a high inhibitory effect (72.06% and 69.16%). These isolates were also powerful colonizers of the pathogen. The disease severity was affected by the antagonists at different levels. Separate and combined treatments of Trichoderma isolates were more effective in the reduction of the disease severity and improving the growth factors. The activity of phenylalanine ammonialyas increased in the plants treated with Trichoderma isolates compared to control treatment (Fusarium). The combined application of these isolates was more effective than the separate using of them on the induction of the enzyme.Conclusion: The investigated Trichoderma isolates were successful in controlling the pathogen. Therefore, the use of these isolates as agents with multiplier effects can be effective in biocontrol of tomato Fusarium wilt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Biosorption of arsenic in laboratory condition from municipal wastewaters treatment plants as well as Polyacrylic effluent in Isfahan
Neda Heidari Khoii Monir DoudiPollution of the invironment with metals is a serious threatment to human health and the environments. The purpose of this study of arsenic biosorption was from several industrial effluents. In this analytical study samples were collected from two wastewater treatment p MorePollution of the invironment with metals is a serious threatment to human health and the environments. The purpose of this study of arsenic biosorption was from several industrial effluents. In this analytical study samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants of ShahinShahr (1) and Polyacrylic Company (2). Temprature, pH, BOD, COD, and arsenic were measured. Heterotrophic bacteria were counted and arsenic-resistant bacteria were isolated by PHG II medium and evaluated for resistance to several antibiotics. Agar diffusion method (MIC) and (MBC) were used bacterial determinationand for colony-PCR. The concertrations of arsenic in effluents (1) and (2) were 0.730 and 1.895 mg/L, respectively and the pH of both effluents was neutral. The effluent BOD and COD effluent (2)was within the standard range, but the BOD and COD effluent (1) was somewhat higher. The number of heterotrophic bacteria in effluent (1) was higher than effluent (2), but there was no significant difference between these two effluents. Arsenic-resistant isolates in both effluents were Bacillus syphenis OPL, Pseudomonas aeruginosa IAUF-11ZBK, Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia IR-Isfahan (G) and 5633. Pseudomonas aeruginosaZBK showed the highest sensitivity to antibiotics, which was able to biosorption of arsenic from municipal wastewater up to 1.4 mg/L in vitro.Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ZBK had a good ability to biosorption of arsenic and low resistance to antibiotics. This strain is recommended for bioabsorption of arsenic from effluents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - .Application of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms in Predicting Financial Distress using intra-corporate (Financial and non-financial) and Economic Variables (Grasshopper Optimization and Ant Colony Algorithms)
فریدون مرادی احمد یعقوب نژاد آزیتا جهانشاد. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this rese More. Abstract The purpose of this study is investigating the capability of Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) in more accurately predicting the financial distress by-using intra-corporate (financial and non-financial) and economic variables. The method of this research is improving the performance of the basic model of Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN-MLP) by-using a hybrid model with GOA (MLP-GOA) and Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (MLP-ACO). The statistical research population of companies active in Tehran Stock Exchange during a 7-year period (from 1391 to 1397) included 476 companies, and finally, after systematic elimination, there were 289 qualified companies (including 2023 observation year-company). Checked and screened. The results showed the ability of ANN-MLP model to predict financial distress by-using financial and non-financial variables, and in addition the hybrid models (MLP-GOA and MLP-ACO) had been improved this ability. The accuracy of the MLP-GOA model for the year t, year t-1and year t-2 (before financial distress occurs), respectively are 97.30%, 94.53% and 91.30% that higher than the accuracy of the basic model and the hybrid MLP-ACO model. Although, entering the economic variables has increased the capability of all models significantly but the results showed that the financial distress is more affected by intra-corporate variables and the effect of economic variables has already been considered through the effect on financial events recorded in the accounting system. The results of this study can be used by company managers, banks and rating and credit institutions, insurance companies, financial analysts, investors and investment companies in assessing the risk of financial distress to make appropriate decisions and actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Effects of Drought Stress and Mycorrhiza on Viability and Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.
Reyhaneh Azimi gholam Ali Heshmati Mohammad Kia Kianian -
Open Access Article
128 - Optimizing AGV Colonie’s Efficiency by Fuzzy Simulation
Shabnam Ezadpanah Alireza Mohammadion Armen Adamian -
Open Access Article
129 - Diagnosis of Brain Tumor Position in Magnetic Resonance Images by Combining Bounding Box Algorithms, Artificial Bee Colonies and Grow Cut
Mahdi Shafiof Neda Behzadfar -
Open Access Article
130 - New Ant Colony Algorithm Method based on Mutation for FPGA Placement Problem
Setareh Shafaghi Fardad Farokhi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan -
Open Access Article
131 - Design Optimization for Total Volume Reduction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators
Reza Ilka Yousef Alinejad-Beromi Hossein Asgharpour-Alamdari Hamid Yaghobi -
Open Access Article
132 - Analysis of sociological paradigms of underdevelopment of Iran from the perspective of Iranian theoreticians.
Seyed Siavash Mousavi Rakati mehrdad javaheripour Hasan MohadesiIn this article is provided for analytical documentary attempts to answer this question, Why Iranian society lagged of development? In this direction, the books were written by Iranian theoreticians were analyzed, the outcome of which are the following: 1. theorists who MoreIn this article is provided for analytical documentary attempts to answer this question, Why Iranian society lagged of development? In this direction, the books were written by Iranian theoreticians were analyzed, the outcome of which are the following: 1. theorists who consider the Iran''s underdevelopment paradigm is structure of society. These theorists argue that authoritarian structure and the growth of capitalism in this structure are reasons of underdevelopment of Iran. What is the genesis of the components of authorityin Iran were, the focus of economic and political, cultural structure immature and impaired learning communities, But what causes the development of capitalism in Iran, has been insecurity because of the fear of confiscation by the despotism brokers. 2- Theorists who consider the paradigm of Ounderdevelopment of the agency community. These theorists believe that the action of the Iranian society activists in Iran is causing of underdevelopment. The most important of these cultural elements must point to the ethos of Iranians, especially the illiterate public, seeking out Ghrbzgy and elite plumbing.3- theorists who consolidated the paradigm of underdevelopment Iran. These theorists believe that, in addition to the structure and functionality, they have to point to military attacks, external attacks and noted the role of colonialism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - مدلسازی مبادلات سهام با رویکرد شمعدان فازی و روش بهینه سازی کرم شب تاب و مورچگان
Hassan Kalantari Darunkala iman dadashi hasmidreza gholamnia roshan kaveh Azinfarrecently fuzzy intelligent method was used to dynamically model Japanese candlesticks in order to accurately consider the patterns of a candlestick with uncertain information on such patterns. Since fuzzy logic is expert knowledge, although human specialists can play an Morerecently fuzzy intelligent method was used to dynamically model Japanese candlesticks in order to accurately consider the patterns of a candlestick with uncertain information on such patterns. Since fuzzy logic is expert knowledge, although human specialists can play an important role in regulating the values of membership functions of fuzzy variables but since human knowledge is usually ambiguous, a optimal adjustment is not achieved. Therefore, providing a technique that optimally adjusts the values of membership functions in dynamic candlesticks patterns will play a crucial role in the efficiency of the fuzzy trading system. One of the most commonly used optimization methods is the meta-heuristic methods, most of the meta-heuristics have a structure similar to the particle swarm optimization method. meta-heuristic methods such as fireflies and ant colony are more powerful than particle swarm optimization due to their efficient exploitation capabilities. In this paper, fireflies and ant colony are used to adjust and optimize the membership functions of fuzzy membership function of fuzzy candlesticks variables in order to trading analysis and stock price forecasting in the stock trading system. The results of applying the proposed method to iranian stock companies indicate the high accuracy of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Multi-Asset Portfolio Optimization based on Conditional Value at Risk using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Somayeh Mousavi Abbasali Jafari-Nodoushan Marzieh Kazemi-Rashnani Mahsa MohammadtaheriMulti-asset portfolio management and optimization have always been of interest to investors. Due to the inflation in Iran market, different performance of the asset classes in different market conditions and the ability to earn more profit along with less risk by divers MoreMulti-asset portfolio management and optimization have always been of interest to investors. Due to the inflation in Iran market, different performance of the asset classes in different market conditions and the ability to earn more profit along with less risk by diversifying the types of assets, it seems necessary to select a portfolio consisting of stocks, foreign currency and commodities. In this paper, assets of the above categories, including Emami coins, American dollar, and 11 sector indices, are considered in the portfolio composition. Due to the importance of the risk measure in multi-asset portfolio optimization, a model with conditional value at risk, the historical simulation approach has been extended and its efficiency has been compared with the mean-variance model. The models have been solved using the artificial bee colony and imperialist competitive algorithms. The daily asset prices in the period 2013 to 2020 have been used to evaluate the models in Iran market. Results show that the mean-conditional value at risk model performs better than the mean-variance in the training and testing periods. Furthermore, optimized portfolios with the artificial bee colony algorithm could outperform the imperialist competitive algorithm based on the Sharpe ratio, conditional Sharpe ratio, and return on risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Designing a Credit Risk Management Model in the Network of after-sales service companies Using Financial Components of After-Sales Services and Metaheuristic Algorithms (Case study: Saipa's after-sales service company(Saipa Yadak))
Hamid reza Radmannejad Mohammad Ebrahim Mohammad Pourzarandi Mehrzad MinoueiThe type of customer service during the warranty is crucial for each complex. The purpose of customer service will be to meet the satisfaction of customers. Many components can contribute to accomplish this goal. One of the most important components is financial compone MoreThe type of customer service during the warranty is crucial for each complex. The purpose of customer service will be to meet the satisfaction of customers. Many components can contribute to accomplish this goal. One of the most important components is financial components. Today's world is a world of wide developments in all dimensions. The majority of companies are, more than ever, aware that the delivery of after-sales service is very effective in the loyalty and repetition of customer purchases. The intense focus on the quality of service causes the product to be valuable in terms of customers and their loyalty. Therefore, in this study, designing a credit risk management model for the for the Saipa Yadak Company and its Representatives Network using financial components of after-sales service and meta-heuristic algorithms was discussed. The sample studied in this research is the representatives of Saipa Company.The results showed that using financial components including, service cost, performance, good accounting, the amount of collateral and the amount of after-sales service agents have an impact on optimal credit risk management. Also, firefly algorithm and bee colony algorithm have the ability to predict the optimal management of credit risk using financial components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - بهینه سازی سبدسرمایه گذاری بر اساس ارزش در معرض ریسک
غلامرضا اسلامی بیدگلی احسان طیبی ثانی -
Open Access Article
137 - Clustering with K-Means Hybridization Ant Colony Optimization (K-ACO)
Dewi Ratnaningsih -
Open Access Article
138 - GAME OF COORDINATION FOR BACTERIAL PATTERN FORMATION: A FINITE AUTOMATA MODELLING
Sudeepto Bhattacharya Gaurav Srivastava -
Open Access Article
139 - Investigation of Effects of Bio Fertilizer Application on Zinc uptake and Some of Vegetative Growth Indices of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in a Non-Sterile Calcareous Soil with Different Levels of Salinity
H.R. Bostani mostafa chorom abdolamir moezzi najafali karimian naimeh enayati zamir mehdi zareiSalinity affects plant growth by decreasing the water and nutrients uptakes and disturbing the nutritional balance of plants. To investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Zinc (Zn) uptake and some of MoreSalinity affects plant growth by decreasing the water and nutrients uptakes and disturbing the nutritional balance of plants. To investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Zinc (Zn) uptake and some of growth indices of Corn (Zea Mays L.) at different soil salinity levels, a factorial experiment as completely randomized design with 3 replications was conducted in greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Factors included three salinity levels (0 (S1), 15(S1) and 30 (S2) Meq salt kg-1 soil) and microbial inoculation (without inoculation (C), Glumus Intradices (F), Pesudomonas bacteria (B) and fungi + bacteria (BF)). The results showed that dry matter of shoot and root, root colonization percentage, stem diameter, plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll index were significantly reduced by increasing of salinity levels from S0 to S2. Using all microbial treatments resulted in increasing of all the above mentioned growth indices at all salinity levels significantly. Generally, the use of fungi and fungi-bacterial treatments in enhancement of growth indices of plant were higher than bacterial treatment alone. Zn concentration in shoot and root was increased by increasing of salinity levels while Zn uptakes were significantly decreased. Also, Zn concentration and uptakes in shoot and root were significantly increased by application of all microbial treatments compared to control and the higher increase was related to fungi-bacterial treatment and the lowest increase observed in bacterial treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The reaction of six medicinal plant species with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during spring and autumn in Noujian Watershed (Lorestan province)
Parvin Ramak Mohammad Matinizadeh Mohammad Mehrnia Reza SiahmansourIn this research, symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and some of the medicinal plants such as: Artemisa aucheri, Mentha longifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Thymus kotschyanus, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Cychorium intybus were studied during the spring and aut MoreIn this research, symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and some of the medicinal plants such as: Artemisa aucheri, Mentha longifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Thymus kotschyanus, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Cychorium intybus were studied during the spring and autumn period for two years in Nojian Watershed. Noujian with the area of 34000 hectares is situated between the Eastern latitude of 48° 23̕ to 48° 40̕ and its Northern longitude ranges from 33° 17̕ to 33° 60̕ at Lorestan province in watershed of Dez dam. Soil and thin roots collected randomly from the depth of 0-30 cm of plant canopy area. Significant difference (p> 0.01) was found in phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, magnesium and organic matter in spring and autumn. Potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus showed significant negative correlation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi spore density and percentage colonization but magnesium was positively correlated with spore density and percentage colonization respectively; +0.61 and +0.48. Thymus kotschyanus showed the highest percentage root colonization and the highest number of spores were observed in rhizosphere of Ziziphora clinopodioides. The highest root colonization and spore numbers were observed in spring. Six species of Glomus genus contain G. microcarpum, G. etunicatum, G.macrocarpum, G. constrictum and G. geosporum were identified in the rhizosphere of selected medicinal plant species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Prediction of melting points of a diverse chemical set using fuzzy regression tree
Vali Zare-Shahabadi -
Open Access Article
142 - The Investigation of silymarin effect on colon ulcer induced acetic acid in mice Balb/C
وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی حبیب الله جوهریColonulcer is an inflammatory chronic colon disease and free radicals play an important role in its pathogenesis. Free radicals increase the severity of the disease by decreasing the antioxidants. Silymarin is a flavonoid component that itand#39;s extracted of Silybum m MoreColonulcer is an inflammatory chronic colon disease and free radicals play an important role in its pathogenesis. Free radicals increase the severity of the disease by decreasing the antioxidants. Silymarin is a flavonoid component that itand#39;s extracted of Silybum marianum. Silymarin contains antioxidants and inhibits the inflammatory reactions. The aim of this research is the investigation of anti- inflammatory effect of silymarin in the treatment of colon ulcer induced acetic acid in mice Balb/C spicies.In this study, 32 mice are divided into 4 groups (n=8).These groups include:control group with no colitis report, the Sham group with colitis report that are not treated and the groups with colitis report that received 10 20 mg/kg B.W. of silymarin orally.The treatment groups received silymarin daily, for 1 week after having the disease. The drugs are fed to the mice per oral using gaster tubes. To induce colitis, 1 ml of acetic acid (%4) is injected into the rectum. In the one week after induction of colitis, the animals sacrificed and the damages of the colon investigated in Morris and Murthy methods. The result of this study shown acetic acid causes severe inflammation and damages of the colon. Because colit ulcerative is an acute disease so, use of silymarin is effective in improving of the inflammation and repair of the colon ulcer induced acetic acid. So, use of silymarin can be considered as a way for the treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Evaluation of colonization ability of lactobacilli isolated from traditional cheese and adherence to epithelial cells of human GI tract, Caco-2 cell line
میترا حیدری نصرآبادی مریم تاج آبادی ابراهیمی هدی بهرامیThe aim of this study was to assesandrsquo;colonization ability of 7 lactobacilli strain isolated from traditional cheese in GI[1] trace. So resistance to acidic pH, bile salt and ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was assessed in vitro. 2 hour acidic treatments lead to MoreThe aim of this study was to assesandrsquo;colonization ability of 7 lactobacilli strain isolated from traditional cheese in GI[1] trace. So resistance to acidic pH, bile salt and ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was assessed in vitro. 2 hour acidic treatments lead to 0-4 log reduction of tested strains. Isolate B1D2was fully resistance and no reduction in population observed after acid treatment. Bile salt cause growth delay between 25-180 min for all strains and BH1with D= 25 andplusmn; 4.80 min was the most resistance strain. Ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was strain depended and GI2 and SL2 were less and most adherent strain respectively. In conclusion evaluation of these 3 factor in vitro indicated that SM3, BD2, SM1, SL2 isolated from Semnan and Babol cheese have colonization ability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Comparison of the Effects of Oxaliplatin on Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Colorectal Cancer (SW480) Compared to Normal Cells (HEK293)
Seyed َAyoub Ahmadi Tahereh Naji Rahim AhmadiColon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the human population. There are many drugs on the market to treat different types of cancer, but their use is limited due to toxic effects and side effects, and in the last ten, experts in this field are looking for suita MoreColon cancer is one of the most common tumors in the human population. There are many drugs on the market to treat different types of cancer, but their use is limited due to toxic effects and side effects, and in the last ten, experts in this field are looking for suitable alternatives to common anti-cancer drugs. This study was aimed to assess the comparison of the effects of oxaliplatin on the nitric oxide level in colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 and non-tumor HEK293 cell lines. In this experimental study, Oxaliplatin was prepared at concentrations of 1.95, 3.90, 7.8, 15.6, 32.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 μg/ml and the cytotoxic effect was investigated on HEK293 and SW480 cell lines using MTT method. Nitric oxide was measured by Grease method and Real Time PCR technique was applied to evaluate the iNOS gene expression. Finally, one-way ANOVA and t-test were used to analyze the data. The results of this study indicated that Oxaliplatin had a lethal effect on the SW480 cell line at concentrations of 7.8 to 250 μg/ml, but showed no cytotoxic effects on normal cell lines at other concentrations. Oxaliplatin at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml significantly increased nitric oxide production in SW480 cells compared to HEK293 cells, which served as the normal cell line. The results of Real Time PCR showed that the expression of the iNOS gene in both SW480 and HEK293 cells was not significantly different from the control group, but was higher. The results indicated that use of oxaliplatin can cause excellent therapeutic effects on cancer cell lines with minimum side effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Apoptosis induction of Harmine on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line HT29 and Alteration in Apoptotic Genes Expression P53, Bax and Bcl-2
Reyhaneh Chitbandi Javad Baharara Maryam TehranipourAlkaloids have anti-proliferative and apoptotic stimulatory effects on cancer cells. Harmine is also one of the important alkaloids that have been reported to have anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Harmine on apoptosis induction MoreAlkaloids have anti-proliferative and apoptotic stimulatory effects on cancer cells. Harmine is also one of the important alkaloids that have been reported to have anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Harmine on apoptosis induction in human HT29 colon cancer cell line and expression alteration of apoptotic genes P53, Bax and Bcl-2. For this purpose, HT29 colon cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of harmine (0, 35, 45, 55, 65 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Then the cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Nuclear changes and chromatin condensation were investigated by DAPI staining. Also, apoptosis induction was determined by Annexin V-FITC testing and changes in P53, Bax and Bcl-2 genes expression was assessed by using Real Time PCR. The results showed that the concentration of Harmin reduced the viability of HT29 colon cancer cells. Also, the treatment of HT29 colon cancer cells with Harmin caused morphological changes in the cell nucleus, including chromatin condensation of the nucleus, the formation of apoptotic bodies, and the wrinkling of the cell membrane. All of these morphological features indicate apoptosis. The results of the Annexin test also confirmed this finding; with about 57% of the cells undergo apoptosis. On the other hand, the treatment of HT29 cancer cells with Harmin reduced the expression of Bcl-2 and at the same time increased the expression of P53 and Bax and, in general, reduced the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. As a result, Harmin can be used to treat colon cancer cells because of its cytotoxicity, which is effective in inhibiting cell prolifration and inducing apoptosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Investigating the Effect of Alpha-ketoglutarate on Survival and Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Hossein Beiranvand MAHMOOD TALKHABI Monireh Mahmoodi Ghamartaj HosseinOvarian cancer is the third most common cancer in women. Recent studies have shown that Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) has an important therapeutic role in heart and nervous diseases and cancers. In the curreny study, ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3 cell line) were obtained fr MoreOvarian cancer is the third most common cancer in women. Recent studies have shown that Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) has an important therapeutic role in heart and nervous diseases and cancers. In the curreny study, ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3 cell line) were obtained from the University of Tehran at the second passage, and cultured in a complete culture medium (1640 RPMI medium containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin / streptomycin antibiotic). MTT technique was used to evaluate cellular viability. Also, the doubling time of cell population, colony formation and migration of cells were investigated using appropriate methods. MTT assay showed that treatment of cells with AKG decreases viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on the MTT assay results, 120 and 60 μM AKG were selected for the next expreimets. Evaluation of population doubling time showed that both used concentrations significantly reduce cell growth (P<0.05). Colony forming assay showed that 120 and 60 μM of AKG caused a significant decrease in the number of OVCAR-3 colonies (P<0.01). The study of cell migration showed that the treatment of cells with the mentioned concentrations significantly reduces the migration of cells to the scratch area (P<0.01). The results obtained from this study show that AKG reduces the viability of ovarian cancer cells and has anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects for this cancer cells. It seems that the use of AKG along with other existing treatments can become an helpful approach for better control and treatment of ovarian cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Evaluation of CUL3 Gene Expression Changes in Iranian Population with Colorectal Cancer and Polyps
Zahra Taheri Shiva Irani Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei Mohammad Hossein Modarressi Zahra NoormohammadiThe bowel or colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies caused by environmental and genetic factors. The phenomenal growth in the number of people with CRC worldwide, especially in Iran highlights the importance of research on CRC.The current s MoreThe bowel or colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies caused by environmental and genetic factors. The phenomenal growth in the number of people with CRC worldwide, especially in Iran highlights the importance of research on CRC.The current study focused on molecular pathways involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer to identify a new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for CRC.Colorectal cancer is the consequence of dysplasia in the initial intestinal appendages also known as polyps which are different and unknown in terms of morphology, molecular mechanisms, and the ability to affect intestinal carcinogenesis. In this cross-sectional study, 208 colorectal tissue biopsy specimens, including 34 tumor tissue, , 60 precancerous lesions with adjacent tissue, as well as 20 normal tissue specimens were collected. CUL3 gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR method. No significant difference was observed in mRNA expression level of CUL3 between polyp tissues and their normal adjacent samples (p = 0.35).Our results showed a statistically significant difference in CUL3 expression neither between tumor tissues and their adjacent normal samples (p = 0.89) nor among tumor and polyp groups (p = 0.48).CUL3 could play a critical role in regulating carcinogenesis and progression of CRC through stimulating proteasomal degradation of various tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Studies on CUL3-affected substrates in colorectal cancer are of significant importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Frequencies of Post-Colonialism in Mohammad Taghi Bahar's Poetry
Seyyedeh Gohar Nourbakhsh Abdolhossein FarzadAbstract The extensive presence of colonialism and its dominance over half of the world population and their residence might have been the reason and motif for the study of post-colonialism. This theory was formed by Edward Sa MoreAbstract The extensive presence of colonialism and its dominance over half of the world population and their residence might have been the reason and motif for the study of post-colonialism. This theory was formed by Edward Saeed and his book " the Orientalism ". Different post-colonialism frequencies and reaction against colonialistic ideology and the destruction of the superiority of East and West are seen in the Iranian modern poetry. This descriptive-analytic paper is to survey the appearance of phenomenon of post-colonialism in the poetry of Maleko-shoara Bahar. The studies show that most of his ideas about his defiance, and fighting against colonialism and his ideas about motherland, identity, freedom, liberty and internal autocracy embedded in the literature of post-colonialism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Components of National Identity in the Compositions of Aref Qazvini and Ahmad Showghi
Tahereh Chaldarreh Ma'sumeh SadeghiAbstract National identity causes eternity and people's growth and transcendence in a country ; and its preservation is of the concerns of the rulers and politicians. Since the aim of the colonialists is the annihilation of th MoreAbstract National identity causes eternity and people's growth and transcendence in a country ; and its preservation is of the concerns of the rulers and politicians. Since the aim of the colonialists is the annihilation of the national identity, and make them alien to their own identity, it is the duty of the poets and the writers and the thinkers to make the nation aware of these risks. Based on the current trend, in this article, the components of national identity in the works of the two revolutionary poets : Aref Qazvini and Ahmad Showghi – Iran and Arab poets, have been investigated by descriptive – analytic methods in the mold of political, historical and social approach. The attained results showed that these two distinguished poets emphasized specifically on the national parameters and identity and nationalism. Patriotism, combat against colonialism, adoration of militants, heroes, martyrs, and talking about the glories of the past are the exquisite themes of their compositions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Analysis of the possibility and the nature of African Philosophy Based on the Heinz Kimmerle’s Intercultural reading of the History of Philosophy
Ali Sanaie Reza DehghaniIn this paper, we describe and analyze the view of Heinz Kimmerle about the possibility and the obstacles to the realization of African philosophy. Under the influence of Gadamer's hermeneutics, Kimmerle speaks of mixing horizons of understanding into a dialogue between MoreIn this paper, we describe and analyze the view of Heinz Kimmerle about the possibility and the obstacles to the realization of African philosophy. Under the influence of Gadamer's hermeneutics, Kimmerle speaks of mixing horizons of understanding into a dialogue between two cultures. In his view, in order to interact with different cultures, it is necessary to keep away from centralism, while preserving the cultural identity, so that dialogue can be made between them. According to a reading that has spread through the spread of European colonialism and the Enlightenment, and the shadow of the history of philosophy, philosophy is rooted in Western thought, and other nations, especially the African tribes, lack philosophical thinking. According to Kimmerle, this European-Western thinking is a serious obstacle to intercultural dialogue. In light of the analysis that Kimmerle presents of the advent of African philosophy, rewriting the history of a new philosophy is based on the principles of intercultural dialogue, which in turn provides the basis for mutual respect on the international level and the realization of lasting peace in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Culture and Cultural Imperialism in Post- Colonial Studies
masoud motallebi Nowadays, post-colonial studies is considered as an interdisciplinary research areas and one of the most serious areas of new studies on the relationship between culture and imperialism, colonialism and cultural heritage in developing countries. One of the main m More Nowadays, post-colonial studies is considered as an interdisciplinary research areas and one of the most serious areas of new studies on the relationship between culture and imperialism, colonialism and cultural heritage in developing countries. One of the main motivations in post-colonial studies is to provide new resistant reading imperialist of Western culture, in its new neo-imperialistic, discourse and materialistic forms. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study aims to answer the question of the approach of post-colonialism toward culture and cultural imperialism and the way it was written. The results show that the most important aim to investigation of the researches done in this area has been "an attempt to be recognized". It means that non-western knowledge and culture should be recognized and it is accepted as dialogue; furthermore, the role and share of non-western people in shaping the world culture should be taken into consideration and appreciated. One condition for fulfilling this purpose is that the policy of "assimilation", especially in the field of culture, is replaced by the policy of "recognizing difference". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Effect of Pseudomonas strains on grain yield and nutrients absorption of Barley under mycorrhiza fungi application
علی Bashirzade M.H AnsariBarley is one of the most cultivated plants in Iran's dryland. Ardebil province is one of the areas where the production of barley has been successful. But one of the problems for farmers in these areas is the high cost and negative aspects of the use of chemical fertil MoreBarley is one of the most cultivated plants in Iran's dryland. Ardebil province is one of the areas where the production of barley has been successful. But one of the problems for farmers in these areas is the high cost and negative aspects of the use of chemical fertilizers. Today, the application of some microorganisms in farms is important as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. A factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years at experimental farm of Ardebil Islamic Azad University. The experimental factors included mycorrhiza fungi application (application of Rhizophagus irregularis and non-application) and four strains of Pseudomonas strains (strains of S153, S169, S4, S8 and control). The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of Pseudomonas × mycorrhiza on the most traits was significant. Detection of shoot nitrogen concentration at different stages of plant growth showed that the highest nitrogen concentration was observed at the flag leaf emergence stage and Pseudomonas strains showed higher nitrogen concentrations under mycorrhizal application. Co-inoculation mycorrhiza-pseudomonas, while increasing mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen concentration, Phosphorus, potassium, iron and manganese increased significantly. In addition, the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in the root rhizosphere increased in plants under inoculum with Pseudomonas under mycorrhizal application condition. In this experiment, the maximum grain yield was 1572 kg ha-1 in the first year and 2239 kg ha-1 in the second year was obtained from co-inoculation treatment of mycorrhizal fungus + S4 strain. According to the results, although in most of the measured traits, inoculum treatments were superior to control, the application of mycorrhizal fungus also increased the bacterial inoculation efficiency and, in addition to increasing the elements concentration in grain, also the grain yield increased. Therefore, for barley farming in Ardabil rainfed conditions, inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain S4 is recommended under the use of mycorrhiza fungi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - National and Patriotic functions in Ra’di Azarakhshi’s poetry using epic approach
Faramarz Ahmadi Mehdi Mahoozi Mahmoud TavoosiIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s vie MoreIn every society there exists a kind of collective consciousness known as national awareness and it is expressed in Persian literature as national patriotic theme. The purpose of this article is to discuss and evaluate Gholam Ali Ra’di Azarakhshi’s viewpoints regarding Persian language, culture, civilization, and social values of Iran and to study and analyze national and patriotic themes in his compositions. Furthermore, the application of contemporary epic literature in his compositions is studied. Using descriptive analytic and library approach the attempt is made in this article to study themes such as patriotism, antagonism towards enemy, also to study national and historical characters. The results obtained show that Ra’di paid special attention towards contemporary epic functions such as anti-colonialism, national identity and language, preservation of independence and territorial integrity. His attitude towards the concept of homeland and patriotism is to a large extent different from that of other poets. The vastness of his thoughts in celebrating national and historical figures spans past till present characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The modern international system and the development of the role of takfiri jihadism in the Arab world
Yoosof SeifyTakfiri jihadism is an international identity that has challenged the modern international system at different levels. The ideology of this movement has been theorized by the Arab Islamists and it receives most of its forces from the Arab world. The process of expansion MoreTakfiri jihadism is an international identity that has challenged the modern international system at different levels. The ideology of this movement has been theorized by the Arab Islamists and it receives most of its forces from the Arab world. The process of expansion and consolidation of the contemporary international system in the Arab world coincides with the birth and development of takfiri jihadism in this region. This research questions the role of the international system in the spread of radical political Islam in Arab societies. The research conducted in this area shows that the crisis in nation-state building, identity crisis, crises caused by modernity or the social or religious contexts of violence in Arab and Islamic societies have been effective in the tendency of the Arab world towards this radicalism. Using constructivist and post-colonial theories, this research shows that the Arab world's understanding of the modern international system, which is a function of the evolution of this system, has faced a paradigm shift over the past century, and this change has created the ground for the role of takfiri jihadism. Is. In the new paradigm of the modern international system, it is completely denied according to the understanding of political Islam. This system is considered an evil structure against Arabs and Muslims, and Jihad against it and all its henchmen is a priority for Arabs and Muslims. Manuscript profile
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