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Open Access Article
1 - Analyzing the Identity and Other Circuits in the Moderationist Discourse (Case Study: the Campaign Films of the 11th and 12th Presidential Elections)
Somaye Shokati MoqarabThis study is about to comparatively investigate how identity is represented in the campaign films of the 11th and 12th presidential elections in June 2013 and May 2017. This study is based on a question that “in the process of the 11th and 12th presidential elect MoreThis study is about to comparatively investigate how identity is represented in the campaign films of the 11th and 12th presidential elections in June 2013 and May 2017. This study is based on a question that “in the process of the 11th and 12th presidential elections, how identity is articulated in the campaign films of the hegemon candidate and it has been produced and reproduced with what kind of signifiers, elements and processes?” In order to answer this question this claim is proposed that in the process of the two periods of the presidential elections, the elected discourse has articulated his campaigns on the base of presenting a special formulation of its ideology in the context of which self and other are presented in a special way in the shade of the nodal signifier and reflect their borderlines with other discourses positively or negatively. The theoretical base and the methodological framework of this research are planned on defining three levels. The micro-level is based on linguistic mechanisms like explicit and implicit implication and intertextuality. In the middle level, concepts are gained through linguistic investigations and in order to reach the macro concepts, the approaches of Laclau and Mouffe and Norman Fairclough have been used. According to the findings, the Moderationist discourse in both of its presidential campaigns, being based on negative and other-making approach drew its identity borders and through backgrounding, positively represents itself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Campus Wind Environment Evaluation (Case Study: North China University of Technology)
Biao WANG Shuai SUN Ying LI Yuxin HOU Yaning XIE Yuyao REN Qiutong JIN -
Open Access Article
3 - An Analysis of the Influence of Radio Political Campaign Messages on Voters’ Electoral Behavior in Kano, Nigeria
Hamid Abdollahyan Aliyu Machika -
Open Access Article
4 - A Study to Improve the Response in Email Campaigning by Comparing Data Mining Segmentation Approaches in Aditi Technologies
P. Theerthaana S. Sharad -
Open Access Article
5 - QSAR study of camptothecin derivatives as anticancer drugs using genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis
fatemeh shafiei Shahaboddin Mohebbi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of the influential components of the physical factors of social participation in the student camp scenery architecture
Nastaran Abdollahpour Jamalledin Soheilicamp is an organized, systematic and purposeful activity which is held in a group with specific programs and supervised by coach in an environment outside the school, out of daily activities scope and in a completely diverse, friendly, jolly environment with the goal of Morecamp is an organized, systematic and purposeful activity which is held in a group with specific programs and supervised by coach in an environment outside the school, out of daily activities scope and in a completely diverse, friendly, jolly environment with the goal of training and construction. One of the most important factors contributing to the continuity of human life is the cooperation and participation of human beings. The purpose of the research is to identify the components of the physical factors of social participation in the architecture of Students Camp, and this is a social and cultural issue which determines individual relationship and behavior on social groups that can be considered predominant factor in shaping social behavior. The method of this research is survey and based on the questionnaire of information gathering tool and the method of inductive reasoning. The statistical population is the kids of 11, 12 and 13 years old who answer the questionnaire questions. The present study uses SPSS analytical software to analyze the responses and ultimately, with respect to the components affecting social participation such as creating a sense of belonging to a place, converting the subjectivity to the objectivity and unity in the creation of communal spaces Participatory architecture will be achieved in Students Camp learning and satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Genomic identification of Campylobacter fetus and Leptospira introgans in aborted sheep fetuses in the selected provinces of Iran by PCR
Kabiri, F., Mahzounieh, M., Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi, A., Mokhtari, A. .Abortion causes significant economic losses to the livestock investment of a country and reduces fertility and production. Infectious agents are responsible a part of the sheep abortions and often, they are contagious and zoonosis, so they are also considered in terms o MoreAbortion causes significant economic losses to the livestock investment of a country and reduces fertility and production. Infectious agents are responsible a part of the sheep abortions and often, they are contagious and zoonosis, so they are also considered in terms of public health. Campylobacter fetus and Leptospira introgans are some of the infectious agents of ovine abortion worldwide and economic and hygienic losses resulting from them are significant. Due to the importance of Campylobacterial and leptospiral sheep abortions, in this study 98 samples from abomasal contents of aborted sheep fetuses in Isfahan, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Khorasan Razavi provinces were investigated for Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and Leptospira introgans by PCR. Results showed that the infection with Campylobacter fetus in the samples studied was 4.9% and any samples weren’t found to be infected with Leptospira. The results of this study showed that campylobacter fetus might be involved in the incidence of a part of sheep abortions. According to different diagnostic methods of the Leptospira, it seems that any diagnostic procedure has some weaknesses and using only a test is one can’t certainly report that the presence of this agent is negative. Therefore, it is recommended to several methods to be used simultaneously in order to compare the results of several methods and achieve accurate diagnosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of the effect of aflatoxin B1 on neuronal differentiation and hippocampal development in rats
سارا Alhoei Nazari Nasim Hayati Roodbari , K Parivar , A. EidiAflatoxin B1 has harmful effects on the nervous-cerebral system. Therefore, in this study the effects of Aflatoxin B1 on the development of the hippocampus of neonatal rats were investigated. After the preparation of Aflatoxin B1, 18 pregnant female Wistar rats with an MoreAflatoxin B1 has harmful effects on the nervous-cerebral system. Therefore, in this study the effects of Aflatoxin B1 on the development of the hippocampus of neonatal rats were investigated. After the preparation of Aflatoxin B1, 18 pregnant female Wistar rats with an average weight of 85±10 g were used. Animals were divided into three groups: sham (receiving sesame oil as a solvent of Aflatoxin B1), Aflatoxin B1 and Healthy control. According to the results of immunohistochemical studies, Aflatoxin B1 treated groups showed a statistically significant decrease in Ki-67 and NeuN expression compared to the control group (P <0.01). While the expression level of the GFAP in comparison with the control group had a statistically significant increase (P <0.01). On the other hand, a significant decrease in the expression of NeuN and Ki-67 proteins and an increase in the expression of GFAP were observed, which were confirmed by observations from fluorescent immunohistochemical imaging. Aflatoxin B1 disrupts neuronal differentiation and increases brain damage by disrupting the activity and expression of vital proteins in the hippocampus, which was demonstrated by a sharp decrease in NeuN and an increase in GFAP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Simulating unsteady soil evaporation under variable water content based on Campbell's two-parameter retension model
Raziyeh Aghajani Mehdi Homaee Mohammad BybordiLarge areas in Iran are located in arid and semi-arid regions and imposed to serious water shortage. In such areas, not only the available water resources are restricted, but the climatic conditions that are influencing evaporation acting more intensively. The obje MoreLarge areas in Iran are located in arid and semi-arid regions and imposed to serious water shortage. In such areas, not only the available water resources are restricted, but the climatic conditions that are influencing evaporation acting more intensively. The objective of this study was to estimate evaporation from bare soil at presence and absence of impervious layer, water table and free drainage. The amount of evaporation is also estimated using the parametric model proposed by Zarei et al., (2009) based on Campbell’s retention model. For this purpose, some PVC constructed lysimeters were filled with soil samples and packed carefully. The amount of evaporation was measured three times a day by weighting the lysimeters. The proposed model of Zarei et al.,(2009) based on Campbell’s retention model was further verified against the collected experimental data to estimate evaporation from water table drawdown. Model verification indicated that the maximum (98.8) and minimum (84.8) efficiencies belong to 150 and 75 centimeters of water table depths, respectively. The results, with slightly underestimation, indicated a reasonable agreement between the measured and model output data. The small underestimation between measured and predicted values can be attributed to moisture loss as vapor, soil shrinkage and errors in digital scale measurements. The predicted instantaneous evaporation values provided better agreement with the experimental data as the water table depths were increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - A survey on the significance of designing the healing gardens in campuses sites to enhance spatial desirability: The case of University of Sistan and Baluchestan
Peiman Golchin mohsen kafi Niloofar SaraniBackground and Objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the importance and impact of the presence of healing gardens in the campus on the spatial desirability and the mental health of its users. This research focuses on the campus of University MoreBackground and Objectives: The main objective of this research is to investigate the importance and impact of the presence of healing gardens in the campus on the spatial desirability and the mental health of its users. This research focuses on the campus of University of Sistan and Baluchestan.Material and Methodology: In this research, a descriptive- analytical method is used. The necessary Data needed for research were collected using library sources, field survey and a questionnaire. Then, out of 24 gardens in the campus, six were selected as the study cases. The statistical sample was calculated by Cochran’s formula to be 376 individuals in order to prepare a questionnaire and data analysis. In the next phase, the data derived from questionnaires were analyzed and the results were organized in separate tables and charts.Findings: According to the findings, Kuhestan Garden is the most effective and Western Qaem Garden is the least effective healing garden in order to improve the spatial desirability of the University of Sistan and Baluchestan campus. Among the five studied criteria, the participants selected ‘diverse and rich vegetation as the most important criterion effective for the use of a garden by its users and also for the improvement of spatial desirability of the campus. The results show that most of users believe that the presence of healing gardens and natural landscapes on the campus have a positive impact on their mental and psychological health. They also believe that these gardens are a source of motivation for better learning of the educational materials and a mean for improving their grades.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings lead us to the conclusion that the designing and construction of healing gardens on the campus can have positive impacts on the mental health of the users via enhancing the visual quality and the desirability of the campus. Therefore, the design and construction of healing gardens and natural landscapes in Universities campus are highly recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Back setting of Treated Wastewater from Xanthenes Production Process into the New Fermentation Run
Samaneh Sedighi Khavidak Mohammad Reza Soudi Jamshid FooladiParallel to development of biotechnology and fermentation processes in the country, the importance of the wastewater treatment has been increased. One of the cost effective methods in fermentation and wastewater treatment is back setting and recycling wastewater in a ne MoreParallel to development of biotechnology and fermentation processes in the country, the importance of the wastewater treatment has been increased. One of the cost effective methods in fermentation and wastewater treatment is back setting and recycling wastewater in a new run of fermentation which is used in this project to reduce xanthenes fermentation wastewater and water usage. In this project, the main chemical and microbiological characteristics of distilled wastewater were determined. Thereafter distilling was added to new batches of fermentation in different concentrations at different times; and the effect of these additions on xanthenes production quality and quantity were examined. This study showed that the use of different physic – chemical methods is necessary for the distilling treatment before its back setting in a new fermentation batch. For this purpose, in this project, the effect of treated distilling with C18 disk was examined. Further examinations showed that the back setting of distilling treated with C18 disk in 25% concentration in Xanthenes production medium leads to producing of 11.91 g/l crude Xanthenes in comparison with the positive control (culture medium prepared from tap water), 11.68 g/l crude Xanthenes, was produced. Moreover, the increase of 107% crude xanthenes, 75% pure xanthenes and 67% viscosity compared to the negative control (culture medium prepared from raw distillation) is observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Back setting of Treated Wastewater from Xanthenes Production Process into the New Fermentation Run
Afshar Alihosseini Nurkhoda Sadeghifard Narjes Sadat i Karbalaei KhomParallel to development of biotechnology and fermentation processes in the country, the importance of the wastewater treatment has been increased. One of the cost effective methods in fermentation and wastewater treatment is back setting and recycling wastewater in a ne MoreParallel to development of biotechnology and fermentation processes in the country, the importance of the wastewater treatment has been increased. One of the cost effective methods in fermentation and wastewater treatment is back setting and recycling wastewater in a new run of fermentation which is used in this project to reduce xanthenes fermentation wastewater and water usage. In this project, the main chemical and microbiological characteristics of distilled wastewater were determined. Thereafter distilling was added to new batches of fermentation in different concentrations at different times; and the effect of these additions on xanthenes production quality and quantity were examined. This study showed that the use of different physic – chemical methods is necessary for the distilling treatment before its back setting in a new fermentation batch. For this purpose, in this project, the effect of treated distilling with C18 disk was examined. Further examinations showed that the back setting of distilling treated with C18 disk in 25% concentration in Xanthenes production medium leads to producing of 11.91 g/l crude Xanthenes in comparison with the positive control (culture medium prepared from tap water), 11.68 g/l crude Xanthenes, was produced. Moreover, the increase of 107% crude xanthenes, 75% pure xanthenes and 67% viscosity compared to the negative control (culture medium prepared from raw distillation) is observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Effect of visual quality of university campuses on social interaction of students (Case study: Gorgan)
Seyedeh Behshad Zahraee Mahdieh Pazhouhanfar Abstract Background and Objective: Teaching and learning of the main activities of universities and important pillar of human development are crucial and are agents of change and social progress. Social interaction and participation of students in the learni More Abstract Background and Objective: Teaching and learning of the main activities of universities and important pillar of human development are crucial and are agents of change and social progress. Social interaction and participation of students in the learning process, including factors that could be useful in efficiently universities. However, today the level of social interaction at university campuses has decreased. Several studies showed that the space should be eligible for optimum visual. Quality of social interactions to occur. Therefore, the aim of the research is to identify the criteria for visual quality educational facilities and investigating the extent to which these criteria is the social interaction of students leave. Method: The research method is descriptive-analytic survey and questionnaire is self-made. Findings: Required information from 300 students studying at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Golestan and were collected randomly; that visual quality with 40 items and six items assessed social interactions. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the regression analysis indicate that between some aspects of visual quality including: diversity, conflict, unity, readability, sequence, charm, cleanliness and access has proven significant relationship with social interactions and the effect of them is different. This implies that, the interactions of students at university campuses these spaces is affected by the level of visual quality. The results of this study can help architects, designers and urban planners to design new spaces or development of academic spaces helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Comparison of components of Hyssopus officinalis L. essential oils extracted by two methods
Mona Tavakkoli زهرا آقاجانیHyssopus officinalis L. is an important medicinal plant grows in central and southern Europe, western Asia, North Africa and Iran in jungles of Mazandaran and Gilan and height of Alborz and Semnan.Extraction is the first basic step in the research of medicinal plants an MoreHyssopus officinalis L. is an important medicinal plant grows in central and southern Europe, western Asia, North Africa and Iran in jungles of Mazandaran and Gilan and height of Alborz and Semnan.Extraction is the first basic step in the research of medicinal plants and preparation of the extracts of the plant is the starting point for the separation and purification of chemical components.In this study, the essential oils composition of aerial parts of Hyssopus officinalis L. extracted by two methods, hydrodistillation and microwave. Chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Hyssopus officinalis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).31 compounds obtained in essential oil of Hyssopu sofficinalis by hydrodistilled method and 36 compounds in microwave method.It was found that hyssop essential oil in hydrodistilled method contained cis-Pinocamphone (45.32%), trans-Pinocamphone (18.00%), β-pinene (10.24%) and elemol (3.87) as major components and in microwave method, contained cis-Pinocamphone (63.48%), elemol (6.67%), ortho-Menthatriene (5.55%) and bicyclogermacrene(4.43%) as major components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Expression of Zinc Transporter 1-4 Genes in the Male rat hippocampal cell line
Maede Nilechi Akram Eidi Hamid Galehdari Mahnaz KesmatiIntroduction: Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especially the central nervous system. Zinc homeostasis disorder causes and progresses nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer, depression, learning disabilities and stress. Zinc homeostasis i MoreIntroduction: Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especially the central nervous system. Zinc homeostasis disorder causes and progresses nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer, depression, learning disabilities and stress. Zinc homeostasis in the body is mediated by ZnT and ZIP proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 genes in hippocampus cells as one of the tissues with high zinc density. Material and methods: First, the cell passage of the hippocampus cell line was performed, then the MTT assay test was performed for zinc oxide nanoparticles. In the next step, RNA extraction and CDNA synthesis were performed, and nanodrop spectrophotometer was used to ensure the purity of the RNA samples. Specific and appropriate primers of the desired genes were designed and synthesized. Then, changes in the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 genes were investigated using Real-Tim e RT-PCR. Results: Concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/mL of zinc oxide nanoparticles, significantly increased the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 genes in the hippocampus cell line of rat, while creating the lowest cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles can be investigated pharmacologically by increasing the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 genes in the treatment of zinc homeostasis disorders such as Alzheimer, depression, learning disabilities and stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The analysis of the educational background of "Aladdin AbulShamat" from the Hezar-O-YekShab Collection;based on the theory of the "hero journey" by Joseph Campbell
Mitra Hajizadeh Reza Ashrafzadeh Seyed Majid Taghavi Behbahani Taghavi BehbahaniHezar-O-YekShabis one of Fakhri's fictional works originated in various oriental cultures especially in Iran. This work is very beneficial in terms of teaching, and if it is based on a solid theory, the results obtained from it will be scientifically and documented. In MoreHezar-O-YekShabis one of Fakhri's fictional works originated in various oriental cultures especially in Iran. This work is very beneficial in terms of teaching, and if it is based on a solid theory, the results obtained from it will be scientifically and documented. In this research, the ethical functions of the narrative of "Aladdin AbulShamat" have been explored using the principles of the "Jericho Travel" from Joseph Campbell, in particular the components of "departure" and "intimacy". The reason for choosing this theory was the educational capacity of Campbell's opinion, revealing a new dimension of a literary work in the field of education. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The results of the study show that Aladdin, by inviting a person called MahmoodBalkhi, who is an expression of the old wise, is an adventurous journey and goes individually through the numerous moral tests issued by internal and external factors. The results of these tests, which are presented below, are the following: a sense of worldly affiliation; self-confidence and assurance of their existential capacities; commitment and commitment to fulfill the covenant and promise; avoidance of pride and self-esteem and thinking About yourself; A companion to well-behaved humans; The importance of returning to yourself and respecting the family institution; Removing the blindfolds of ignorance; Understanding the reality of reality; Attending the right people; Gaining useful powers such as dignity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Studying “Garmabeh- the bathroom” as the threshold level move in the fiction called “the son of the merchant and the city of the voiceless people” in the book entitled “Hasht Behesht- 8 paradises” written by Amir Khosro
Mahbobeh Pouragha Ramin Sadeginejad Maryam MohammadzadehThe narrators of common myths need unknown and strange atmosphere to color their narrations with secrets. This atmosphere can isolate the hero from the real world and joins him to a magical and mythical world which is known as the threshold passage. Undoubtedly one of t MoreThe narrators of common myths need unknown and strange atmosphere to color their narrations with secrets. This atmosphere can isolate the hero from the real world and joins him to a magical and mythical world which is known as the threshold passage. Undoubtedly one of the best places to include the heroes in unknown issues and topics is the bathroom (Garmabeh). The understanding and analysis of such a secret atmosphere is the basic precondition to reveal the myths and to achieve their hidden messages. One of the very useful tools to reveal such issues in myths is the theory of “a single hero journey” posed by Joseph Campbell. The major goal of the present study is to emphasize on the importance of “Garmabeh” as the threshold passage time. In this research, “Garmabeh” in the story called “the son of the merchant and the city of voiceless people” written by Amir Khosro Dehlavi has been analyzed as the threshold passage. The results showed that Amir Khosro has acted very cleverly and successfully in using the secret atmosphere of Garmabeh as the threshold passage and also the comparison of it with pass rituals and triple sections of the traditional bathrooms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis and interpretation of the hero's mythology in Kelidar Dowlatābādi , based on Joseph Campbell's theory
Reyhane Faramarzi Kaffash Ali Eshghi Sardehi hasan Delbari Abolqasem AmirahmadiThe myth is the result of thought and belief of mankind and one of the main elements of the construct of the culture and identity of nations. American mythologist, Joseph Campbell presents a similar pattern and structure for all myths of the world. The current paper, us MoreThe myth is the result of thought and belief of mankind and one of the main elements of the construct of the culture and identity of nations. American mythologist, Joseph Campbell presents a similar pattern and structure for all myths of the world. The current paper, using a descriptive, analytical and overview based on Campbell's model, concludes that the the Great Persian novel. Kelidar has a structural epic infrastructure similar to that of the other novels heroic all around the world. A pattern based on which Gol Mohammad, the champion of Kelidar is a human hero who was born again, and departure, initiation and return the level of intuition, perception of sanctity following his own way, approaching the myth heroic status. Dowlatābādi has used myth heroic capacity in narration and structural cohesion as well as creation of new meanings in behavior such as refusal of invitation. Given the type of myth heroic function in Kelidar, it can be said that the work has gone through a superficial approach to the past myths, and has regained and rebuilt them, and has been able to present a time-consistent pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Passing through the Nine Bisheh of Shahriar-nameh: An Approach Based on Campbell’s Theory of Monomyth
marzieh mashalian leila hashemianJoseph Campbell (1904-1987) was an American mythologist who worked in the field of comparative mythology and religion. The notion of ‘hero’s journey’ was first proposed by Campbell in his book titled ‘The Hero with a Thousand Faces’. Based MoreJoseph Campbell (1904-1987) was an American mythologist who worked in the field of comparative mythology and religion. The notion of ‘hero’s journey’ was first proposed by Campbell in his book titled ‘The Hero with a Thousand Faces’. Based on the structural similarity of all myths, he proposes a fundamental patterns that underlies all mythic narratives. In spite of being subject to cultural and temporal variations, this pattern remains essentially the same. According to his theory of monomyth, the hero leaves his society following an invitation and, having embarked upon a journey, he goes through stages such as the call of the envoy, rejection of invitation, acceptance of invitation, following a guide, passing the threshold, seeking help, test, reward, elixir, and return. Osman Mokhtari’s verse book of ‘Shahriar-nameh’ is a perfect example of hero’s journey. In this story, the hero that represents the will of a nation travels to another country while successfully overcoming numerous obstacles and tests to defeat evil creatures and show the superiority of Iranian wisdom over other nations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and expression levels of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats
Ensieh Ahmadpour Maghsoud Peeri Mohammad Ali AzarbayjaniAging is an important risk factor for cognitive functions. On the other hand, exercise improves brain health and improves cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with t MoreAging is an important risk factor for cognitive functions. On the other hand, exercise improves brain health and improves cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of four weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on cognitive function and the expression level of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats. For this purpose, 20-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into 2 exercise training groups (number = 8 heads) and control (number = 8 heads). The animals of the sports group performed intermittent aerobic training with moderate intensity for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. In order to investigate learning and spatial memory, the animals were subjected to the Morris water maze test 48 hours after the last training session. Then, the animals were killed and the hippocampal tissue was extracted. Real time-PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significant level of P£0.05. The results showed that aerobic exercise improved learning performance (P ≥ 0.05) and spatial memory (P ≥ 0.001) and the expression level of PGC1α (P ≥ 0.01) and VEGF (P ≥ 0.001) Increasing. Also, a significant positive correlation between PGC1α gene expression and VEGF gene expression in the hippocampus was observed (p≥0.001, r=0.894). In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between VEGF gene expression and the average time spent to find the platform (p≥0.05, r=-0.578), and there was a significant positive relationship with the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle (p≥0.01, r=0.713). In general, aerobic exercise improves learning performance and spatial memory in old animals; It seems that exercise-induced upregulation of the PGC1α/VEGF signaling pathway in the brain is at least partially involved in this adaptation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - qualitative research Factors affecting adherence to treatment in addicts undergoing In the camps of Isfahan city
fatemeh khaghani hajar torkan Zahra YousefiAbstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting adherence to treatment in addicts undergoing camps in Isfahan city. This is a qualitative thematic analysis. The statistical society of the survey includes all addicts referred to camps MoreAbstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting adherence to treatment in addicts undergoing camps in Isfahan city. This is a qualitative thematic analysis. The statistical society of the survey includes all addicts referred to camps in Isfahan city in 2018. 10 subjects were selected from narcotics anonymous using a purposive homogeneous sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to collect data. The research tool was a semi-structured interview that included questions related to adherence factors in the treated addicts. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis approach of Braun and Clarke (2000). Our findings demonstrated that adherence to treatment is affected by six major factors: 1) family-related factors 2) behavioral factors, 3) spiritual factors, 4) social factors, 5) tendency to modify personal life and finally, 6) therapeutic factors. In general, these results evince that compliance with treatment in addicts undergoing through camps occur only in the presence of theses six factors and addiction therapists should pay a special attention to improve these factors in treating the addicts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Studying the Various Types of Interaction in the e-learning environment with Learning Quality in Virtual Campuses
Isa Ebrahimzadeh Marjan MasoomifardThe aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between various types of interaction and learning quality in virtual campuses. This research is descriptive-correlation and has been done through survey procedures. Subjects of the survey are M.A students of al MoreThe aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between various types of interaction and learning quality in virtual campuses. This research is descriptive-correlation and has been done through survey procedures. Subjects of the survey are M.A students of all virtual campuses of Tehran University among which 385 students were selected through simple random sampling and answered to the questionnaire provided by the researcher. The findings were analyzed through descriptive and deductive statistical methods. Results of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient test shows that there exists a direct and meaningful relation between the quality of various types of interactions (instructor-student, student-student, student-content, instructor-instructor, instructor-content, content-content) and learning quality in virtual campuses. Furthermore, results of the Freedman test, which was used for classifying various types of interaction, showed that "student-student" interaction and "content-content" interaction are the most and the least important interactions among others. Accordingly, as the types of interaction increases in universities and campuses, the assurance and motivation of students develop and this would lead to deeper and more meaningful learning with the highest quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effects Of Intraperitoneal Administration Of Nano-Silver on Rat Hippocampal Cells
Hamid Nasrollahzade Parvin Khodarahmi Mitra Heidari NasrabadiInroduction and Objective: Silver nanoparticles are very promising engineered which play an important role in the world biomedical, healthcare and in general nanotechnology applications. In this study, the necrotic effects of short and long term administrations of nan MoreInroduction and Objective: Silver nanoparticles are very promising engineered which play an important role in the world biomedical, healthcare and in general nanotechnology applications. In this study, the necrotic effects of short and long term administrations of nanosilver on rat hippocampus, which is involved in memory and learning, was investigated.Materials and Methods : 56 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of short term and long term injections which were treated for 5 and 10 consecutive days, respectively. Each group was divided into four subgroups of control, 100, 200 and 400 ppm nanosilver administration. The control subgroup received saline and the treatment subgroups received intraperitoneal injections of silver nanoparticles at doses of 100, 200 and 400ppm. Ten days after the last injection, the hippocampal tissue sections were prepared and the extent of necrosis was evaluated stained with Nissl.Results:In short term (5-day injection) group, the percentage of necrotic cells between control and 100(pConclusion:Silver nanoparticles induce necrosis in rat hippocampal cells. For the administration regime considered in this study, this apoptotic effect increases at higher doses but is independent of the duration of exposure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of a five-week cafeteria diet after weaning on the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus and striatum of young rats
sahar Molaei Mahsa Jafarinejad Farzaneh Ganji Hamid Sepehri Zahra NazariIntroduction & Objective: Feeding with a cafeteria diet resulted in increased total body weight and obesity. This research aims to evaluate the effect of a cafeteria diet on the density of dendritic spines of hippocampal and striatum neurons from the end of in MoreIntroduction & Objective: Feeding with a cafeteria diet resulted in increased total body weight and obesity. This research aims to evaluate the effect of a cafeteria diet on the density of dendritic spines of hippocampal and striatum neurons from the end of infancy to the beginning of puberty. Materials & Methods: 22-day-old male and female Wistar rats that passed through infancy were randomly divided into two control and cafeteria groups (n=6). The control group had access to standard rat food, but the cafeteria group received a cafeteria diet in addition to standard food for up to 30 days. During the treatment, the rats of both groups were weighed every week. After five weeks after the start of the treatments, the brains of the mice were extracted and prepared for Golgi staining by the Rapid Golgi method. Results: Our results showed that the body weight increased significantly in the cafeteria group compared to the control group (P<0/01). In addition, the results showed that the cafeteria diet significantly reduces the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus (P<0/01) and striatum (P<0/05) compared to controls. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the reduction of dendritic spines in the hippocampus and striatum, two important structures in cognitive behaviors, may cause memory and learning disorders observed in people consuming a high-fat diet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analyzing the Status of Repentance in the Story of the Old Woman and Malekshah in Attar's Tragic Tales Based on Joseph Campbell's Archetype of "the Return of the hero
Masoome RouhaniFard Mehdi Mahouzi Shahin OjaqaliZadeThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the approp MoreThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the appropriate methods for understanding the mysterious structure of this tale is Campbell’s archetype of the hero’s journey. The hero is evoked to another land and thus starts his journey. In the course of his journey through the world he loses the only property in his life and stands against Malek Shah in an audacious fight and urges him to return the righteous properties of the peasants and finally frightens him of passing the bridge and encountering the grandeur of God. Eventually when the hero attains his rights he prays to God that Malek Shah is forgiven so that he could achieve perfection and maturity. Malek Shah is changed in sleep and returns to his previous status while carrying the Elixir of Life with him so that he could impart it on peasants and friends. In these journeys the trudging hero sets foot on a dangerous journey by answering the call of the albino dean of the kingdom to save the peasants of Iran. After passing various stages of battle, the hero not only succeeds in his mission and gains material blessings, but also attains a kind of self-recognition and spiritual perfection that in addition to being the function of the hero is based on Campbell’s theories on “the hero’s journey” that leads to a change in his land through praying and obeisance to God and by asking for God’s help. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Symbology of Old Journey Model in "Bagh-e Seeb
rajab fakh'raeyan seyed ahmad hoseyni kazeronyFolklore legends reflect the culture, tradition and custom of a society.Analyzing these kinds of legends will lead us to the basis of nationbelieves and their view pointsThis research could be considered as an answer to the followingquestionsIs the story of "Bagh-e Seeb MoreFolklore legends reflect the culture, tradition and custom of a society.Analyzing these kinds of legends will lead us to the basis of nationbelieves and their view pointsThis research could be considered as an answer to the followingquestionsIs the story of "Bagh-e Seeb" a symbolic and interpretable legend.And is it comparable with the story of "Hero's Journey" by JosefCampbelWhat symbols and signs are used in "Bagg-e Seeb"?The writer has used an analytical - descriptive style and he benefitsfrom the library sources.In fact "Bagh-e Seeb" is a well-shaped and comparable story with"Hero's Journey". The main character enters an unknown dark world(well), struggles with daemons, lions, dragons and snakes. And at last,benefiting from Simorgh,s help, he comes back to the world of lights. Allthese happenings make the story similar to the myth. The remarkablefrequent using of the holy mysterious figures of "three" and" seven",natural and metaphysical elements, animal and human symbols anddrought and fertility signs show and prove the relationship between ourpredecessors' believes with the verbal literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Aerobic exercise is a feasible intervention for delaying disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease
Fatemeh Akbari Mehrzad Moghadasi Sirus Farsi Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh -
Open Access Article
28 - The effect of swimming exercise and hesperidin on hippocampal cell damage after pentylenetetrazol induced prenatal seizures in rats
Samaneh Rafiei Shaghayegh Keshavarzi Mehdi Noura Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh -
Open Access Article
29 - Identification of the egg parasitoids of green pistachio stink bug, and the effect of diet on adult longevity of the two parasitoids, Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) and Trissolcus agriope (Kozlov and Lê)
M. Mohammadpour M. Ziaaddini M. A. Jalali H. Hashemirad H. LotfalizadehThe green bug, Brachynema signatum Jakovlev (Hem.:Pentatomidae) is one of the most important active pentatomids on pistachio trees, that smudge the nuts with feeding on those that are premature. In this research, the parasitoid wasps of the pistachio green stink bug wer MoreThe green bug, Brachynema signatum Jakovlev (Hem.:Pentatomidae) is one of the most important active pentatomids on pistachio trees, that smudge the nuts with feeding on those that are premature. In this research, the parasitoid wasps of the pistachio green stink bug were collected and identified around the city of Rafsanjan using egg traps. Also, the effect of diet on longevity of two egg parasitoids, Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Hym.:Encyrtidae) and Trissolcus agriope (Hym.: Scelionidae) were determined. Treatments were honey, 10% honey-water, distilled water, B. signatum egg and control (without water and food). Five parasitoids, including Trissolcus agriope (Kozlov and Lê), T. dryope (Kozlov and Lê), T. mitsukurii Ashmead and Psix sp. of the Scelonidae and Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) and O. telenomicida (Vassiliev)of the Encyrtidae were collected and identified. The average longevity of the O. pityocampae in females were 45.15, 38.5, 9.30, 19.81and 8.23 days and in males were 39.15, 37.5, 7.80, 9.09 and 4.19days, respectively. This period for the T. agriope species in females were 30.93, 30.03, 13.25and 7.28 days and in males were 26.40, 22.38, 8.37 and 5.42days, respectively. The results showed that feeding has an effective role on increasing the longevity of the parasitoids and also a significant difference observed between the average longevity of two mentioned parasitoids. The longevity of female O. pityocampae wasps increased to 45.15±1.37 days in the treatment of honey, but water hadn't effect on the longevity of this species. Also the longevity of this species was reduced to 9.09±0.74 days in the presence of host eggs. The average longevity of Trissolcus parasitoid increased to 30.93±0.79 days in treatment with honey. Therefore, kind of diet can have an important role on increment of parasitoid wasps' longevity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Prediction of octanol – water partition coefficient of quinoline alkaloid insecticides using Molecular Descriptors and MLR Method
F. shafie Shahaboddin Mohebbi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghQuinoline alkaloids and their derivatives have wide medical and agricultural applications. In this research, a quantitative structure- property relationship (QSPR) has been employed to predict the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) of 76 quinoline alkaloid campt MoreQuinoline alkaloids and their derivatives have wide medical and agricultural applications. In this research, a quantitative structure- property relationship (QSPR) has been employed to predict the octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) of 76 quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) derivatives as antitumor potencies using GA-MLR method and molecular descriptors. The Gauss View 05 software was used for drawing chemical structure of the studied compounds. The geometry optimizations of the studied compounds were done by the Gaussian 09W software at B3YLP density functional theory (DFT) with 6-311G (d,p) basis set. Molecular descriptors for each of optimized structures were calculated by Dragon software in different category. In order to reduce and select the best descriptors, the Genetic Algorithm technique and stepwise multiple linear regression method was used. The pearson coefficient correlation (PCC) and the variance inflation factor (VIF) statistics were used to test the multicollinearity of descriptors in the best model. The different types of internal and external validations were used to evaluate predictive model performance. The best QSPR model is obtained with R2 value of 0.901, Q2LOO =0.919, and RMSE=0.706. The results of statistical parameters and validations of the GA-MLR model generated were found to be satisfactory. The model revealed that octanol-water partition coefficient of CPT derivatives is influence by ATS8e (2D-autocorrelation) descriptor. This information could be used to design novel quinoline alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) derivatives as insecticide agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Earliest Campanian - latest Maastrichtian sequence stratigraphy based on planktonic foraminifera, Fars province, Zagros, Iran
Leila Fazli Saeedeh Senemari -
Open Access Article
32 - Biostratigraphic study on calcareous nannofossils in South Gorgan, North of Iran
Morteza Taherpour Khalil Abad Elham MojtahedinA calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphic study has been carried out on the chalky limestones located in South Gorgan, north of Iran. The study is aimed at determining the age and nannofossil biozonations of the well. The samples were prepared using smear slide techniq MoreA calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphic study has been carried out on the chalky limestones located in South Gorgan, north of Iran. The study is aimed at determining the age and nannofossil biozonations of the well. The samples were prepared using smear slide technique. Thirty seven calcareous nannofossils species were identified and used to make biostratigraphic zonations and dating of the strata. The distribution of the calcareous nannofossils enabled the establishment of five zones: Quadrum trifidum (CC22),Tranolithus phacelosus (CC23), Reinhardtites levis (CC24), Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis (CC25) and Nephrolithus frequens (CC26) belonging to late Late Campanian – late Late Maastrichtian following standard zonation schemes of previous workers. The zones were based on the first and last occurrences of marker species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil Salvia Officinal from Shiraz Greenhouse
Fatemeh Ranjbar Mohammad Mehdi Ghanbari Seyed shahram Mosaheb Mohammad Sadegh Behrooz -
Open Access Article
34 - Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil Salvia Officinal from Shiraz Greenhouse
Fatemeh Ranjbar Mohammad Mehdi Ghanbari Seyed shahram Mosaheb Mohammad Sadegh Behrooz -
Open Access Article
35 - The Relationship Between Personality Characteristics With The Plot Of Self-Sacrifice In Haram's Volunteer People
ayaz gharishvandi maryam gholamzadeh jofreThe Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Relationship Between Personality Characteristics With The Plot Of Self-Sacrifice In Haram's Volunteer People. The Research Design Was Descriptive Correlational. The Sample Consisted Of 144 Volunteers From The Shrine in ah MoreThe Purpose Of This Study Was To Investigate The Relationship Between Personality Characteristics With The Plot Of Self-Sacrifice In Haram's Volunteer People. The Research Design Was Descriptive Correlational. The Sample Consisted Of 144 Volunteers From The Shrine in ahwaz sity Who Were Selected By Available Sampling. The Research Tools Included Neo (1989) Personality Questionnaire, And A Short Form Of Young's (1998) Initial Schedule Questionnaire. For Data Analysis, Pearson Correlation Coefficient And Regression Methods Were Used In A Synchronous And Stepwise Fashion. The Results Showed That There Is A Significant Positive Correlation Between The Personality Characteristics Of Extraversion, Consistency And Severity With The Self-Concept Schema In The Subjects. But There Is A Negative And Significant Relationship Between Personality Trait Psychometric Characteristics With The Plot Of Sacrifice, And There Is No Significant Relationship Between The Openness To Experience And The Pattern Of Self-Sacrifice. Also, The Results Of Regression Showed That The Personality Trait Of Conscientiousness, Personality Traits And Personality Characteristics Of Extroversion Are The Best Predictors For The Plot Of Sacrifice Of Volunteers In The Shrine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Analysis of the "Hero's Journey" in Faramarzname epopee on the model of Joseph Campbell
khadijeh Bahrami RahnamaJoseph Campbell influenced by Jung, raised the pattern of "Hero's Journey" in literary criticism. He believes that ancient myths and stories have one structure that the structure is more or less quantifiable in stories.In this structure, he give the three, separation, i MoreJoseph Campbell influenced by Jung, raised the pattern of "Hero's Journey" in literary criticism. He believes that ancient myths and stories have one structure that the structure is more or less quantifiable in stories.In this structure, he give the three, separation, initiation, return steps for the symbolic hero’s trip that it can be examined in Faramarzname epopee. This article by analytical method and in literary criticism attempts for reviewing and explanation of the symbols of mythical and psychological constructive components of Faramarzname epopee in the context of the analysis of the Hero's Journey.The study, to be paid to the antiquity human mind and taking full advantage of the symbols, examined the Campbell's Hero's Journey pattern example with a slightly different structure.The results indicated that the archetype "Faramarz" is the hero’s pattern which traveled to India voluntarily by hearing the voice of the invitation to achieved themselves that is the ultimate goal.He was encountered in the departure with assist symbolic representatives such as Rostam and Bijan. , Talking wolf, Ebullient snake, thirty thousand rhinos, nooshdar and Kidd Hindi which are his inside Shadows .Then, with the passage of rites of passage and freedom from domination mother achieved to Lordship and finally he could brought ultimate blessing for magic people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Analysis of Jungian Archetypes Elements of Hero Journey in the Story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi
raheleh abdolahzade borzu mohammad ghaderi moghaddam mohammad reihaniThis study, based on the theory of Joseph Campbell's monolithic theory, analyzes the symbols of the story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi. Campbell, for the mythological heroes' journey, attempts to find individuality, a pattern that has been composed of three main stages MoreThis study, based on the theory of Joseph Campbell's monolithic theory, analyzes the symbols of the story "Talkhoon" by Samad Behrangi. Campbell, for the mythological heroes' journey, attempts to find individuality, a pattern that has been composed of three main stages of departure, initiation and return. Behrangi depicts thedeparture of self-conscious nightingalein the form ofTalkhoon’ssymbolic journey. Ah is a messenger who, through a businessman, invites Talkhoon (self-conscious) to travel. Talkhoon and unconscious (the young man) in the first stage crossing the threshold and before they pass through the road of trials, they get married (magical marriage). With the young death, Talkhoon with the help of Ah who has appeared in the wise old man, begins another journey from the slave market with the messenger and fights with greed and lust dragons through the path of initiation and after kneeling with self-dragon, with chicken feather and water, which is a symbol of the "final blessing" of his journey, returns to revive his unconscious. His return, with the help of the "messenger", shows his freedom going and coming through two self-conscious and unconscious worlds. This symbolic story has much to do with Campbell's theory; with the difference that the meet is done twice. Once before passing through the initiation, and once again successfully passing through the road of trials and after receiving the final blessing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Analysis of the "Hero's Journey" in the Amir Arsalan Namdar based on the theory of Joseph Campbell
Neda ReyhaniThe hero is one of the oldest archetypes, and other archetypes are associated with meaning. Therefore, recognizing this archetype is a good guide for receiving and analyzing Campbell's reincarnation theory. In this research, the author intends to study and analyze the n MoreThe hero is one of the oldest archetypes, and other archetypes are associated with meaning. Therefore, recognizing this archetype is a good guide for receiving and analyzing Campbell's reincarnation theory. In this research, the author intends to study and analyze the novel of the Amir Arsalan Namdar based on the theory of Joseph Campbell. Campbell sees life as a journey in which the protagonist must, while being aware of his or her strengths and weaknesses and identifying his or her inner desires and secrets, take individual action. The three main parts of the hero's travel theory are departure (separation), approach (return), and return. The element of travel and during its stages by the hero is one of the central elements of the plot of the story in Amir Arsalan's novel.. Amir Arsalan, with his inner call to join his beloved, fights with Shirgovia, Alhahak Div, Reyhaneh Jado, Fooladzreh Div, and his mother, etc. They take it and lean on the throne of victory and supremacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - An Analysis into Homay's journey to China in Homay and Homayoun poems by Khaju Kermani based on the ancient theory of the "The Hero's journey" by Joseph Campbell
Parvane fereydooni morteza razaghpoorArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics MoreArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics turn to a single myth to understand the works created in this way. Campbell has been more involved with literature than any other art. The ancient model of Hero's Journey by Campbell is written on three general lines of narrative- separation, arrival, and return, along with seventeen sub-categories, which ultimately pave the way for the hero's psychological development.The present study is a analytic-comparative study that was conducted in the statistical population of Homay and Homayoun poems, and analyzed Homay's journey to China based on Joseph Campbell's "Hero's Journey" theory. And the result of the study indicates that at the end of the journey, the hero has reached a psychological development and self-knowledge and gained identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - A Study on Hero’s Metamorphosis in Firdausi’s Shahnameh
Mosayyeb AshkiMythological hero as one of the components of ancient mythology has a significant role in shaping the evolution of the myth’s story. Heroes play a major role in Firdausi’s Shahname (Epic of the Kings) in which the most of the stories in this epic has been b MoreMythological hero as one of the components of ancient mythology has a significant role in shaping the evolution of the myth’s story. Heroes play a major role in Firdausi’s Shahname (Epic of the Kings) in which the most of the stories in this epic has been borrowed from ancient mythological tales. This paper is based on Joseph Campbell the metamorphosis in which heroes in the Shahnameh are examined in terms of Campbell’s Hero’s metamorphosis or change including: The first human being and the hero, the hero infancy, the fighter hero, the lover hero, the dictator empire, the saver hero, and the departure of hero. Results show that metamorphosis or change of epic heroes in Shahname is compatible with Campbell’s theory to some extent, although; it does not match in some points like the lives of heroes which are not depicted from beginning to end. So, not whole life of the hero but some parts of it can be adapted to Campbell's model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Analyzing factors affecting the improvement of coalition building in sports
, Mohammad keshavarz Younes Mohammadzadeh , Hosein Dast barhagh Mohammad Sadegh AfroozehThe present research is one of applied research. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative section includes elites and sports managers. The sampling method in the qualitative part was purposeful. For this purpose, 18 elites and experts were selected MoreThe present research is one of applied research. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative section includes elites and sports managers. The sampling method in the qualitative part was purposeful. For this purpose, 18 elites and experts were selected as research samples in the qualitative section. Also, in the quantitative part of this research, in addition to elites and knowledgeable people in the field of organizational behavior, sports managers of the country were also added to the statistical population. And due to the fact that exact statistics were not available to the researcher, the number of these people was determined to be 384. The results of the qualitative part revealed that the variables affecting coalition building in sports include transparency of principles, clear and common vision, creation of sports campaigns, elite decision-making, sports development survey, localization and localization, structuring and indexing. The results of the model show that there is a correlation between the components of coalition building, the highest correlation is related to a clear and common vision and the transparency of principles with a coefficient of 0.822 and the lowest correlation is between surveying the development of sports and training and localism with a coefficient of 0.601. be Also, the results of the model show that the components of structuring and indexing have the greatest effect on coalition building in sports with a value of 0.71, and the creation of sports campaigns has the lowest effect on coalition building in sports with a value of 0.51. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Comparative Effectiveness of Teaching by the idea of saving (SCAMPER), brainstorming and traditional way to change level of creative self concept and openness to experience
Ezato Allah Ghadam Pour Zeynab Beyranvand Mehdi Yosef VandAbstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the method saving ideas, brainstorming and traditional way on creative self concept and openness to change the of experience in secondary school students in the city of Khorramabad. Methods: MoreAbstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the method saving ideas, brainstorming and traditional way on creative self concept and openness to change the of experience in secondary school students in the city of Khorramabad. Methods: A quasi-experimental design 60 students selected by multistage cluster sampling and randomly divided into three groups. All groups Kafman creative concept questionnaire and Bauer (2004) and openness to experience Costa and Mac Lycra (1992) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up of 2 months, respectively. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that in the post-test and brainstorming ways to increase the level of self-seeking creative ideas and openness has been experienced. In the follow- up work and brainstorming ways to increase the level of self-seeking creative ideas and openness to experience were not significantly different. and Brainstorming use. Conclusion: saving ideas and brainstorming ways to increase the creative concept and openness are effective experience. So it is better that secondary school teachers to increase creativity and its underlying variables, methods like brainstorming ideas and energy use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Creativity Teaching Techniques on Architectural Design with emphasis on the process of idea- finding and idea-generation
Mahnaz Talebi Mir Saeed Moosavi Kambiz PoshnehAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of creativity training technique for architectural designMethods: This study is an experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. Sampling method MoreAbstract:Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of creativity training technique for architectural designMethods: This study is an experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. Sampling method in this research is visual and based on the selection of thermal unit of architecture students of plan 3 in the first semester2017-2018 of the available samples There are a total of 40 people in the two groups. In the experimental group, the training method is based on creativity techniques and in the control group, conventional training is followed. Creativity measurement tools were available in both pre-test and post-test stages of the Torrance questionnaire and a drawing test with 4 components of creativity, and the research data were analyzed using comparison and standard deviation criteria in SPSS software.Results: The results of the study indicate the improvement of creativity with the training of creativity techniques in the experimental group compared to the control group. The difference is that the technique of brainstorming is in the field of idea generation and can be achieved in a short time, while the scamper technique is in the field of idea generation and is acceptable in the long run.Keywords: Creativity training, Brainstorming, Scamper, Problem solving thinking, Design skills Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Comprising the effectiveness of creative thinking techniques training on student’s creativity among first grade high school students
A. Yaghobi H. Mohagheghi N. Erfani S. A. MortazaviThis research was conducted with the objective of examining the effect of three methods of creativity thinking (brainstorming, scamper and synectics) on creativity development among first grade guidance­­ school students in. Method: statistical population of thi MoreThis research was conducted with the objective of examining the effect of three methods of creativity thinking (brainstorming, scamper and synectics) on creativity development among first grade guidance­­ school students in. Method: statistical population of this study were all first grade guidance­ school students in Sardrood township. Present study was a pretest-posttest quasi - experimental design with control group. Four classes of first grade guidance school students (including 70 male students that all wer boy) were standed in 4 groups (brainstorming, scamper, synectics and control group) by using cluster sampling. In order to measure the dependent variable, namely creativity, Abedi (1372) Test of Creative Thinking was used. Results: The results revealed differences between pretest and posttest scores of brainstorming and scamper groups with control group. But these differences were significant between brainstorming and control group only (p<0.05). Conclusion: Regardless of the results, brainstorming technique training can lead to an increase in students creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - The Effects of Idea Seeking (SCAMPER) on Creativity of Female Technical-Engineering Students in Tabriz University
Rahim Badri Gorgori Nahid Kalvani Background: One of the important goals in higher education is development of creativity. Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the effect of method of idea seeking (SCAMPER) on creativity of female Technical-Engineering students in Tabriz University. More Background: One of the important goals in higher education is development of creativity. Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the effect of method of idea seeking (SCAMPER) on creativity of female Technical-Engineering students in Tabriz University. Method: Population of this study was female Technical-Engineering e students in Tabriz University, which include some1070 students. The pretest-posttest semi-experimental design with control group was used in the study. A total of 60 students were selected by accessible (involuntary) sampling method and were substituted randomly in two groups (30 students in control and 30 students in experimental group). Data were gathered through Torrance tests of creative thinking (A form). ANCOVA was used to analysis the data. Result(s): The results revealed that, using the method of idea seeking (SCAMPER) significantly increased the different components of creativity (fluency, originality, flexibility, elaboration), therefore it can be said that the method of idea seeking (SCAMPER) was effective technique and can improve the students’ performance in creative activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Measurement of water quality potential of Jajroud river in Pardis city
Alireza Niknam bejandi Farahnaz Karimzadeh Masoumeh Sohrabi Mullah YousefiJajroud River is located in Pardis city in the east of Tehran. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of water pollution in this river For this purpose, 15 samples of water were collected in early July 1397. Water samples were then analyzed to determine th MoreJajroud River is located in Pardis city in the east of Tehran. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of water pollution in this river For this purpose, 15 samples of water were collected in early July 1397. Water samples were then analyzed to determine the concentrations of Fe, Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Co, Hg, As and Mn. The values of cation and anion, TDS, pH, EC, COD, BOD, salinity, DO, NTU, gastrointestinal coliform and total coliform were measured in water samples. The reason for these measurements is to determine the quality of river water in terms of its physical and chemical variables. The average pH in surface water samples is 7.703, which indicates the alkaline nature of water samples. The high electrical conductivity of the Jajroud River is due to agricultural, horticultural and residential activities. High TDS indicates that the nitrate in the water is very high. Decreasing trend is the average concentration of the main cations in the water samples of Jajrud River as magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, and the order of the concentration of anions in surface water samples as chlorine, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate. The result of ion distribution in the piper diagram indicates that the water type of anions is of sulfated type and is located in the chloride facies. And the type of water in sodium-potassium cations is in the magnesic facies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Studying the anecdote: “Roman Merchant’s son and the city of dumbs” written in “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)” by Amir Khosro Dehlavi based on Joseph Campbell’s “The hero’s journey” myth pattern
mahbobeh poraga Dr.ramin sadeginejad Dr.maryam mohammadzadeh Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, according to the viewpoints of Gustave Young, has dealt with hero’s journeys in different cultures and has proposed a pattern for such journeys in his book entitled: “multi-thousand facet hero”. This patter More Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, according to the viewpoints of Gustave Young, has dealt with hero’s journeys in different cultures and has proposed a pattern for such journeys in his book entitled: “multi-thousand facet hero”. This pattern has many sufficiency elements to analyze literary works. The book “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)” by Amir Khosro Dehlavi is one of the works that can be compared with the pattern proposed by Joseph Campbell. The present research has dealt with investigating the anecdote: “Roman Merchant’s son and the city of dumbs” in a book written by Amir Khosro Dehlavi called “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)”. The results showed that there has been a complete correspondence between all elements in this story and the pattern posed by Joseph Campbell except the two elements of “meeting the God or the lady or return to childhood joys” mentioned before the stepping of the hero in “tests’ roads”, reported in introduction and the step: “receipt of help from outside” before the stage called: “passing through the threshold level of heavenly life into the normal world” in the return part which are presented by Campbell as a probable period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Analysis of the mythological story "Malik Mohammad, Malik Ahmad and Malik Jamshid" based on Joseph Campbell's theory
Marjan Aliakbarzadeh zehtab -
Open Access Article
49 - Cooling Effect of Shaded Open Spaces on Long-term Outdoor Comfort by Evaluation of UTCI Index in two Universities of Tehran.
Morteza Ojaghlou Mehdi Khakzand -
Open Access Article
50 - Physical Factors Influencing Place Identity in Higher Education Environments (Case Study: Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch)
Leila Karimifard Fatemeh Tabatabaei Malazi -
Open Access Article
51 - Contributing factors in Iranian relationships and Zarrin Camp during Holako Khan and Abakhan's statesmanship.
maryam mohammadiAfter Mongol's invasion of a large part of Asia and their ascendancy over this area, a number of governments developed out of Genghis Khan's legacy. Two of these governments were Zarrin camp in Caucasus, Russia and Ghabchagh plateau and Il-khans in Iran. The establishme MoreAfter Mongol's invasion of a large part of Asia and their ascendancy over this area, a number of governments developed out of Genghis Khan's legacy. Two of these governments were Zarrin camp in Caucasus, Russia and Ghabchagh plateau and Il-khans in Iran. The establishment of these relative governments adjacently led to interactions directed towards their policies and claims. They were very effective in policy making in the region and the its consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Study of Relation between Ethic Leadership Perception of Managers and Personnel Performance
Syyad Mohammad Ali Mir Kamali Mohammad Reza KaramiPurpose: the current research has been performed with the objective of Study of relation between ethic leadership of managers and personnel performance among campus personnel of technical colleges of Tehran University in 1394. Method: the method of research is practical MorePurpose: the current research has been performed with the objective of Study of relation between ethic leadership of managers and personnel performance among campus personnel of technical colleges of Tehran University in 1394. Method: the method of research is practical for the purpose and descriptive and correlation from for gathering data. Research population includes all of campus 356 personnel of technical colleges of Tehran University in 1394 and 185 personnel were selected as sample using Kokaran sampling method. The sampling technique is based on graded sampling method in accordance with content. Results: research findings indicate that the status of ethic leadership of managers and personnel performance with exception of work improvement component among personnel performance elements is higher than hypothetical mean of research. Also there is meaningful and positive relation between ethic leadership of managers and personnel performance p≤0/05, r= 0/74. Variable of ethic leadership with detection coefficient of (55percent) has the reliability for detecting personnel performance. Findings indicated that there is meaningful relation just between ethic leadership of managers and personnel performance and educational level of personnel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The relationship of trust in online social networks in the tendency to create support campaigns (case study: women of Mako city )
Zahra Abbasalizadeh Mohammad Abbaszadeh mahran samadi Mahmoud ElmhWith the spread and increasing trust in virtual networks, these networks have assumed an important role in creating virtual campaigns. According to their facilities, virtual social networks allow users to create different campaigns by reaching a larger part of society. MoreWith the spread and increasing trust in virtual networks, these networks have assumed an important role in creating virtual campaigns. According to their facilities, virtual social networks allow users to create different campaigns by reaching a larger part of society. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between trust in social networks and the creation of virtual campaigns. The research method was a survey and a questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research consists of women over 15 years of age living in Mako city in 1400, who were selected as a sample by using a simple random sampling method. The findings show that there is a direct significant correlation between the characteristics of virtual social networks (self-centeredness of users, lack of official supervision and censorship of content, cosmopolitan motives) and trust in these networks and the tendency to create support campaigns. The above variables in the regression model have been able to explain 0.33 of the changes in the tendency to create support campaigns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistant of Campylobacter spp. isolated from different stages of sheep slaughterhouse
امیر Shakerian ابراهیم Rahimi سیامک KazemiCampylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: MoreCampylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: after-skinning, after evisceration and the end of slaughter process. A total of 150 lamb samples (50 samples per each stage) were collected over a period of 16-month between January 2006 and May 2008, and were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter spp. According to the results, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 11.3% (17/150) of the carcasses from the three sampling stages. Among the isolates, 76.5% were identified as C. jejuni and 23.1% as C. coli. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 5%, 8% and 4% of carcasses during the stages of after-skinning, after-evisceration and the end of slaughter process, respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility of 17 isolates were determined for ten different antibiotics using the disk diffusion assay. Results revealed that 58/8% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 47/1% of the isolates to nalidixic acid, 41/2% to tetracycline, 29/4% to enrofloxacin, 23/5% to ampicillin, 5/9% to amoxicillin, and 5/9% top streptomycine. None of the isolates was resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicine. This study emphasizes the application of a preventive system such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) for the control of Campylobacter contamination in slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Effect of Swimming Training and Trans-cinnamic Acid on Anxiety, Working Memory and Dark Neuron Density of Rat’s Offspring Hippocampus in Prenatal Seizure Model
Mohammad Ali Zarei Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini Mohammad Amin EdalatmaneshIntroduction: Perinatal seizure cause hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress in the fetal central nervous system. This study evaluates the effect of swimming training (ST) and trans-cinnamic acid (CIN) administration during pregnancy on anxiety, cel MoreIntroduction: Perinatal seizure cause hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress in the fetal central nervous system. This study evaluates the effect of swimming training (ST) and trans-cinnamic acid (CIN) administration during pregnancy on anxiety, cell damage and density of apoptic neurons in the neonatal hippocampus following penthylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced perinatal seizures. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, neonates from 25 Wistar pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 healthy control, PTZ+NS, PTZ+CIN, PTZ+ST and PTZ+CIN+ST groups. From embryonic day (ED) 14, the animals were treated with repeated PTZ administration (50 mg / kg, intra- peritoneally) for 5 consecutive days. During pregnancy, moderate intensity swimming (20 min, 3 sessions per week) and CIN gavage (100 mg/kg) were performed daily until term delivery. Anxiety-like behaviors and working memory were assessed with elevated plus maze and Y maze, respectively and dark neurons density was measured in the hippocampus of male neonate at postnatal day (PND) 30. Findings: Significant decrease in alteration behavior and increase in anxiety with high density of dark neuron in different areas of hippocampus were observed in the PTZ+NS group compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.05). On the other hand, in PTZ+CIN+ST group, in comparison with PTZ+NS group, a decrease in anxiety, amelioration of working memory deficit and a decrease in hippocampal dark neuron density were observed (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: Interaction of swimming training with trans-cinnamic acid administration ameliorates cognitive-behavioral deficits and cell damage in the hippocampus of rats exposed to maternal seizures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Examine the influence of campaign contact group behavior in the eleventh round of the presidential elections Case Study: Tehran Citizens
A. Seyedi S. Taherkhani -
Open Access Article
57 - Extraction and Identification of Chemical components of the essence of Achillea Santolina
Vali Allah Raoofi Rad عطا الله Ebrahimi حسین ArzaniAchillea Santolina is a perennial plant of Asteraceae family that has 30-50 height, straight stem with wide or line fuzzy leaves. The goal of this study was Extraction and Identification of Chemical components of essential oils of Achillea Santolina in Karsanak rangelan MoreAchillea Santolina is a perennial plant of Asteraceae family that has 30-50 height, straight stem with wide or line fuzzy leaves. The goal of this study was Extraction and Identification of Chemical components of essential oils of Achillea Santolina in Karsanak rangelands of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province.For this purpose, some samples were collected using data at vegetative stage. Then the Chemical components was isolated by water distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Finally, extraction and identification of compounds was considered using the retention time, kovats index and so on. According to results, fifty-seven compounds were identified in the Chemical components concluded 88.32 % of the total Chemical components. The major components were camphor (17.98 %), isoborneol(13.14 %), Cineole -1.8(12.40 %) and caryophyllene oxcide (7.32 %).pay attention to chemical components of this plant, this plant can use in various industries such as pharmacetical and hygienic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Investigating the chemical composition of flower and leaf essential oil Achillea pachycephala Rech. F.
کامکار jaymand محمدباقر rezaeeThe yarrow genus in Iran has 19 species of perennial and often aromatic herbaceous plants, seven of which are unique to Iran. In this research, the yarrow species with the scientific name Achillea pachycephala Rech. F. It was collected from Damavand peak at an altitude MoreThe yarrow genus in Iran has 19 species of perennial and often aromatic herbaceous plants, seven of which are unique to Iran. In this research, the yarrow species with the scientific name Achillea pachycephala Rech. F. It was collected from Damavand peak at an altitude of 3200 to 3800 meters in the beginning of Shahrivar month of 2013. The sample was extracted by water distillation method. The yield of essential oil in flowers was 1.3% and in leaves was 0.5%. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography connected to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The major compounds in the flower were trans-pinocarveol (29.2%), limonene (18.2%), myrtenyl acetate (17%) and pinocarvone (11.1%), which totaled 75.5% of 99.9% of the total It includes essential oil, and camphor (33.8 percent), 1,8-cineole (24 percent) and pinocampheol (16 percent) were found in the leaf, which was 73.8 percent out of 99.3 percent of the total essential oil. At the same time, the percentage of identified compounds is of special importance in relation to the species of this genus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Comparative study of the essential oils in leaf and stem of Zhumeria majdae at vegetative stage
A.A. MajrouhiThe monotypic Iranian Zhumeria majdae (Lamiaceae), known locally by the name of Mohrekhosh, was recently described as the first member of a new genus (Zhumeria). It has a limited geographical rang in southern Iran at Hormozgan province. The leaves have been used for man MoreThe monotypic Iranian Zhumeria majdae (Lamiaceae), known locally by the name of Mohrekhosh, was recently described as the first member of a new genus (Zhumeria). It has a limited geographical rang in southern Iran at Hormozgan province. The leaves have been used for many years as a curative for stomachaches and an antiseptic. In this research, the constituents of essential oils of Zhumeria majdae leaves and stem in Geno mountain of Hormozgan province were analyzed via GC and GC/MS and compared together. The oil yield of the dried leaves and stem by hydrodistillation were 7.5 and 0.3 %, respectively (v/w). 22 and 19 compounds were identified. The major constituents were Linalool and Camphor, which they belong to first group. Wheras, compounds, like alpha-Pinene, Camphene, Limonene, Alpha-terpineol, Caryophyllene oxide and Myrcene belong to second group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The study of the freezing and drying effects on quantity and quality of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and caffeic acid
Elham Tazikeh Lemeski Javad Mahdavi MighanThis study to was evaluated the effect of freezing and drying methods on quality and quantity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil. The leaves of plant in blooming were collected from the medicinal plant garden in Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch in July 2 MoreThis study to was evaluated the effect of freezing and drying methods on quality and quantity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil. The leaves of plant in blooming were collected from the medicinal plant garden in Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch in July 2014. The samples were prepared in four groups: fresh, dried, fresh frozen and dried frozen. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. The caffeic acid content of samples was measured by HPLC. Results were showed in all oils: iso-bornyl acetate (11.5%-14.3%), camphor (11.34%-12.7%), pulegone (7.8%-10.6%), α-phellandrene (0.3%-9.2%), β-caryophyllene (2.1%-8.87%), α-terpineol (3.34%-9.8%), 1,8-cineol (0.93%-6.7%), linalool (0%-4.45%) and camphen (3.3%-5.7%) were the major common constituents. The greatest amount of caffeic acid was reported in fresh samples of plant (0.016 mg / gram of plant leaves). According to results in both fresh and dried samples the essential oils had the highest quality and quantity ingredients. Although the trans-pinocarveol (5.1%), sabinene (4.8%), trans-ocymen (6.3%), geranyl acetate (15.2%) just were observed in fresh and dried samples. According to another researches, these constituents of plant oil have high antioxidant, anti-pathogen, anti-inflammation and anti-infection activity. Therefore it is recommended to improve the quality of plant processing by using fresh and dried materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Phytochemical essential oil analysis of Salvia leriifolia Benth. from different stages and habitats (natural and greenhouse condition)
Mir mehdi hashmi Bahman Hosaeni abbas Hasani Rana Gholenezhad Ubret Ghosta َAlireza SirousmehrSalvia leriifolia Bench.is belongs to Laminaceae family, which as antioxidant, antibacterial, sedative and anti diabetes properties. In the present study, the quality and quantity of plant essential oil in different various growth stages were evaluated. The leaves MoreSalvia leriifolia Bench.is belongs to Laminaceae family, which as antioxidant, antibacterial, sedative and anti diabetes properties. In the present study, the quality and quantity of plant essential oil in different various growth stages were evaluated. The leaves of plant were collected during vegetative, blooming and seed maturity from natural habitat (Abkhovan Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi province) and greenhouse in spring 2012. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and analyzed by GC and GC / MS. The results were showed that in blooming stage especially in natural habitat, the plant had the highest essential oil content (1.04%) in which the camphor (23.85%), β-pinene (9.8%), 1,8-cineol (8.04%) and α-pinene (6.87%) were the most abundant essential oil constituents. Furthermore, in both regions camphor, β-pinene and α-pinene were the most constituents of plant oils, but in seed maturity stage the oil content (0.65%) was decreased and the camphor wasn't recorded, while in other stages the camphor were the highest content in both regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Effect of foliar application of chitosan on the quantity and quality of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. essential oil under different irrigation regimes
Seyed Mohammad Alavi Samani Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatemeh MalekpoorChitosan is a chitin-derived glosamine polysaccharide used as a bioelicitor to improve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. To investigate the effect of chitosan elicitor on the quantity and quality of essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius MoreChitosan is a chitin-derived glosamine polysaccharide used as a bioelicitor to improve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. To investigate the effect of chitosan elicitor on the quantity and quality of essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius Bieb. under different irrigation regimes, a factorial experiment was conducted in the Research Center for Medicinal Plants, I.A.U., Shahrekord in the crop year 2017-2018 in a RCBD with four replications. Experimental factors included different concentrations of chitosan at three levels of 0, 0.25 and 0.50 g/L and irrigation regimes including 4, 6, and 10-day intervals. The essential oil of the flowering branches of the plant was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevinger apparatus and phytochemically analyzed by GC/MS. The main compounds of the hyssop essential oil were trans-pinocampone, cis-pinocampone, β-pinene, myrtenol, α-thujene, α-pinene, sabinene, delta-3-carcene and camphor. The results showed that the effect of different concentrations of chitosan and irrigation regimes on the yield of essential oil was significant (P <0.01). Different concentrations of chitosan had a significant effect (P <0.01) on the amount of some compounds essential such as trans-pinocampone, cis-pinocampone and myrtenol. In addition, different irrigation regimes had a significant effect on the amount of some compounds such as trans-pinocampone and cis-pinocampone (P <0.01) and sabinene, α-pinene and β-pinene (P <0.05). The results indicated that the maximum essential oil yield and pinocampone, as the most important consituent of hyssop is obtained from chitosan at 0.5 g/L and irrigation once every 10 days. It seems that chitosan foliar application and increasing the intervals of irrigation period can be effective in increasing the yield and quantitative and qualitative properties of hyssop essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. essential oil in different habitats of Golestan province
Masoumeh MazandaraniTanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. with a worldwide reputation as af ever reducer, pain reliever, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory has similar therapeutic uses in the natural habitats of Golestan province. In this research, to investigate the phytochemical and antioxida MoreTanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. with a worldwide reputation as af ever reducer, pain reliever, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory has similar therapeutic uses in the natural habitats of Golestan province. In this research, to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties the plant leaves were collected from two different habitats of Golestan province, 990 meters (Ziyarat) and Deraz Nu (2200 meters), located in the southwest of the province at full flowering stage (July 2018). Essential oils were evaluated and analyzed by using the water distillation (Celvenger apparatus) and GC/MS methods, respectively. Extraction was obtained by using maceration method, the total phenol and flavonoids as well as evaluation of antioxidant performance of the extract samples were measured using DPPH and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Based on the results more than 30 compounds were in both samples, which accounted for 97.3% the camphor (43.12-54.8 %), camphene (6.9-10.04 %), bornyl acetate (6.06-3.1 %), 1-8-cineol and p-cymene (3.1-3.36 %) that were the most important components of essential oil in both habitats. With the increase in altitude in the habitat of 2200 meters the total flavonoid and total phenol increased up to 148.2 ± 0.7 mg GAE /gr and 218.7 ± 218.7 mg GAE /gr, respectively, while the highest antioxidant activity was also up to 89.5 ± 1.1% in DPPH free radicals. The findings shows that secondary metabolites was increased in high altitude habitats and this issue has been documented in the scientific documentation of medicinal uses of this plant in high altitudes as anti-inflammatory, pain reliever and treatment of infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The reaction of Eryngium campestre plant to glycine, nitroxine and humic acid and investigating the effect of its extract on dealing with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
Zeinab Nasrollahnejad Ghomi khodayar hemati Mehrdad BabarabieEryngium campestre is a biennial herbaceous plant native to northern Iran. Nowadays, the use of chemical fertilizers has increased significantly, which has irreparable effects on the environment and human health. The use of organic compounds and biofertilize MoreEryngium campestre is a biennial herbaceous plant native to northern Iran. Nowadays, the use of chemical fertilizers has increased significantly, which has irreparable effects on the environment and human health. The use of organic compounds and biofertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers has recently received much attention. Also, it is more important to study about natural substances that contain more antimicrobial properties and less side effects, such as plant extracts. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted. This experiment was conducted in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2019-2020 in a factorial format based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The treatments included: nitroxin (0, 1 and 2 ml/l), humic acid (0, 1 and 2 ml/l), glycine (0, 75 and 150 mg/l). The measured traits included total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, total sugar, chlorophyll, carotenoid and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. The effect of glycine on the measured traits was significant except flavonoids and catalase enzyme activity at 5 and 1% levels. Also, the effect of nitroxin on the measured traits was significant at the level of 1%. The effect of humic acid on the measured traits was significant except for the amount of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll and catalase enzyme activity at the level of 5 and 1%. Also, the interaction effect of all three treatments on the measured traits except catalase enzyme was significant at 1% level. In general, the results showed that the treatments used in this research, individually and in combination (interaction effect), increased most of the measured traits. Also, an experiment was conducted regarding the effect of Eryngium campestre extract on the population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that Eryngium campestre extract did not inhibit the bacteria. In general, the results showed that the used compounds can be used to improve the biochemical characteristics of the Eryngium campestre. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The study of epic themes of Shah Ismaeil and Golzar’s story regarding the analytic psychology of Jung and Campbell’s unique myth theory
Atikeh Rasmi Sakineh RasmiThe story of "Shah Ismail and Golzar" is one of the collections of "Ashiqlar" stories and is influenced by the story of Shah Ismail Safavi and one of the most famous stories of Azerbaijan. The hero and his horse "Qamardai" were born with the mythical apple and the praye MoreThe story of "Shah Ismail and Golzar" is one of the collections of "Ashiqlar" stories and is influenced by the story of Shah Ismail Safavi and one of the most famous stories of Azerbaijan. The hero and his horse "Qamardai" were born with the mythical apple and the prayer of the poor man. The hero grows up away from real life in a dark world, but in adolescence, he is called to individuality by stepping into a bright world in order to find the talent for individualism. This story is very rich in archetypes and mythological themes, and therefore corresponds to all stages of the hero's journey, except "refusal to return", and on the other hand, it has given that popular literature was a manifestation of archetypes, five key archetypes. Jung Analytical Psychology, that is, the self, the anima, the animus, the shadow and the mask fully reflected in it. This article analyzes mythology and psychoanalysis while classifying the elements of the story in the Arne-Thompson method in a descriptive-analytical way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The effecte of eight weeks of resistance training with royal jelly on the pathaphysiological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats
Leila Mokhtari Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA) MoreAbstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonylate (PC) and the pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin (TMT)has been determined. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 8 mg/kg TMT were divided into TMT, Sham, RJ100, RJ200, RT, RT+RJ100 and RT+RJ200 groups. Supplemental groups received RJ with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day as peritoneal injection, and the increasing RT protocol was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week with an intensity of 30 to 100% of the weight. Results: MDA, PC in TMT group were significantly higher than HC group. But MDA and PC in RT+RJ200 group were lower than TMT group (P≤0.05). Also, PC in RT group was significantly lower than TMT. MDA in RJ200 group were lower than TMT; PC values in RJ100 group was significantly lower than TMT (P≤0.05). The reducing effect of PC in RJ100 group was more favorable than RJ200 (P≤0.05). Also, the effect of reducing MDA in the RT+RJ200 group was more favorable than the RT+RJ100 group (P≤0.05). Conclusion:the resistance training and royal jelly have favorable effects on reducing oxidative stress. the simultaneous effect of these two interventions, especially with a higher dose, has a more favorable effect on reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus tissue in AD modeling conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Optimal Locating of Ecotourism Camps in the Bazoft Basin Using the Access Criteria
امیر گندمکار Maryam Alsadat AhadinejadEcotourism is a type of tourism which is based on natural attractions. Identifying potential areas for ecotourism and planning for these areas in order to attract enthusiastic tourist and also to create basic facilities for them is one of the strategies to develop the e MoreEcotourism is a type of tourism which is based on natural attractions. Identifying potential areas for ecotourism and planning for these areas in order to attract enthusiastic tourist and also to create basic facilities for them is one of the strategies to develop the ecotourism industry. The current study aims to optimally locate the ecotourism camps using the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System and study of the geographic layers of the Bazoft basin. Bazoft Basin is one of the areas with high ecotourism potentials in the field of tourism. This study is an applied research using the descriptive-analytic method. The purpose of this study is to determine the proper places to build tourism projects according to the criteria of the distances and accessibility and the sub-criteria specified for it. In order to choose the appropriate location for the construction of ecotourism camps, the layers related to the criteria and sub-criteria of accessibility have been evaluated and the value of each of these layers has been considered. Finally, using the analytic hierarchy process the appropriate place for creating tourism projects was identified, in addition, analyzing the data using the geographic information system showed that, the central and northern parts of Bazoft basin are completely inappropriate places for camps construction and some scattered areas in the south and northwest of the basin have the best conditions for the construction of ecotourism camps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Campylobacter spp. as a Potential Pathogen in the edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms )
Amir ShakerianAbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of MoreAbstractCampylobacter spp infectious are one of the most important foodborne diseases in many countries and causing of diarrhea in more contries. In this study, a total of 100 edible mushrum (Agaricus mushrooms) were purchase in order to detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in edible mushrum at 2014 year in stores and retail market of Shahrekord city, Central of Iran. All of the samples were cultured in enrichment and specific bacteriological media and then use for Polymerase Chaine Reaction (PCR) method for detection Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Out of 100 samples, 15 % were positive due to Campylobacter spp. From 15 samples positive, 13.3 % and 86.7 % were positive to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. Therefore the consumption of raw edible mushrum to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli constitutes health hazard for human in this city.Keywords: Campylobacter spp., Edible Mushrum, Retail market, PCR, ShahreKord,Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Isolation of Campylobacter in different processing stage and presentation of poultry carcasses
amin irannejhad ebrahim rahimi majid gholamiahangaranCampylobacter is one of the main potentials for causing diarrhea and bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses during slaughtering process in Najaf abad-Isfahan slaughterhou MoreCampylobacter is one of the main potentials for causing diarrhea and bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses during slaughtering process in Najaf abad-Isfahan slaughterhouse. In summer 2014, 160 samples were collected from chicken carcasses from 5 chicken flock during 8 different stage of slaughtering and analyzed for detecting campylobacter spp. The results showed that 102 samples from 160 samples (%63.75) were positive for campylobacter. The prevalence of campylobacter in different stage were 19 of 20 (%95) in cloaca, 16 of 20 (%80) predefeathering, 12of 20 (%60) post defaethering, 12 of 20 (%60) post evisceration, 14 of 20 (%70) post chilling, 13 of 20 (%65) post packing, 10 of 20 (%50) post deboning and 6 of 20 (%30) post freezing. Also biochemical differentiation of the produced campylobacteria isolates showed that C.jejuni was frequently isolated (%90.2) than C.coli (%9.8). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Application of ERIC-PCR method for genetic classification of campylobacter strains isolated from raw milk
GholamReza Banisharif Mohammad Hosein Marhamatizadeh Hassan MomtazIntroduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobac MoreIntroduction and purpose: Campylobacter species are one of the most important pathogens causing bacterial gastroenteritis, which are generally transmitted through food of animal origin. The present study was conducted with the aim of genetic classification of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Methods: 43 isolates of Campylobacter isolated from raw milk of cows, sheep and goats in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces were selected and confirmed by ERIC-PCR method. Results: The studied isolates revealed banding patterns ranging from 100 to 2000 open pairs, which were further classified into 5 main profiles with a similarity coefficient of simple matching at a similarity level above 80%. Except for 100% affinity which was observed in 1 case, other isolates had genetic affinity between 54% and 98%. Conclusion: The placement of the studied isolates in several subgroups showed the acceptable discrimination power of the ERIC-PCR technique in Campylobacter genotyping and the presence of different sources of contamination of dairy products with this pathogen. ERIC-PCR method is a simple, fast and low-cost method to describe the genetic diversity of different Campylobacter strains, including Campylobacter jejuni and coli strains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیائی اسانس Tanacetum chiliophyllum var. oligocephalum در ایران
مهران مجرد آشنا آباد علی سنبلی ناصر نصیریمقدمه و هدف: جنس Tanacetum L. متعلق به قبیله بابونه (Anthemideae) از تیره کاسنی (Asteraceae) است. بر اساس آخرین تحقیقات انجام شده تعداد گونه های این جنس در ایران 36 گونه است که تعداد 12 گونه آن انحصاری ایران می باشد. هدف از این تحقیق استخراج و شناسائی ترکیبات شیمیائی اس Moreمقدمه و هدف: جنس Tanacetum L. متعلق به قبیله بابونه (Anthemideae) از تیره کاسنی (Asteraceae) است. بر اساس آخرین تحقیقات انجام شده تعداد گونه های این جنس در ایران 36 گونه است که تعداد 12 گونه آن انحصاری ایران می باشد. هدف از این تحقیق استخراج و شناسائی ترکیبات شیمیائی اسانس گونه Tanacetum chiliophyllum var. oligocephalum است که برای اولین بار گزارش می شود. روش تحقیق: اندام هوائی این گیاه در زمان گلدهی کامل از استان آذربایجان غربی، شهر نقده جمع آوری و به روش تقطیر با آب اسانس گیری شد. اسانس به دست آمده با استفاده از سولفات سدیم آبگیری و توسط دستگاه های GC-FID و GC-MS آنالیز و شناسائی شد. نتایج و بحث: راندمان اسانس بر اساس وزن اسانس نسبت به وزن خشک گیاه معادل 5/0 درصد به دست آمد. در کل 7/99 درصد ترکیبات اسانس شامل 27 ترکیب شناسایی گردید. 1و8-سینئول با 8/28 درصد، کامفور با 8/12 درصد، سانتولینا الکل با 7/11 درصد و لینالول با 1/7 درصد به عنوان ترکیبات اصلی شناسائی شدند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: گونه های مختلف جنس Tanacetum دارای ترکیبات با ارزش داروئی هستند. اسانس گونه مطالعه شده با توجه به درصد بالای 1و8-سینئول، کامفور و لینالول که از ترکیبات داروئی مهم هستند می تواند به عنوان منبع طبیعی این ترکیبات مد نظر قرار بگیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - بررسی ترکیب اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی Achillea eriophora به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی
مالک طاهر مقصودلو جعفر ولی زاده جواد متقی پیشه ناهید راه نشانمقدمه و هدف: بومادران ( از خانواده Asteraceae) یک گیاه دارویی است که گونه های مختلف آن استفاده های متعددی در طب سنتی در سراسر جهان دارند. گونه های بومادران برای درمان در شرایطی همچون تب، اختلالات شایع گوارشی، درمان تدریجی زخمها و التهاب پوست مورد استفاده قرارمی گیرد. هد Moreمقدمه و هدف: بومادران ( از خانواده Asteraceae) یک گیاه دارویی است که گونه های مختلف آن استفاده های متعددی در طب سنتی در سراسر جهان دارند. گونه های بومادران برای درمان در شرایطی همچون تب، اختلالات شایع گوارشی، درمان تدریجی زخمها و التهاب پوست مورد استفاده قرارمی گیرد. هدف در این مطالعه بررسی ترکیب اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در بخشهای هوایی Achillea eriophora جمع آوری شده از شهر خاش در استان سیستان و بلوچستان است. روش تحقیق: ترکیب شیمیایی اسانس جمع آوری شده با روش تقطیر آبی توسط دستگاه کلونجر با استفاده از GC/MS مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: در اسانس Achillea eriophora سی و سه ترکیب شناسایی شدند که Camphor (55/21%(، َArtemesia ketone (84/13%)، Alpha-Thujone (85/11%)،Borneole (94/8%)، Yomogi alcohol(74/7%)، 1,8-cineole (19/5%)، Terpinene-4-ol(23/4%) و Myrtenol (10/3%) مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده بودند. به علاوه فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره به دست آمده با اتیل استات و اتانول با استفاده از معرف DPPH و بر اساس خاصیت مهار رادیکالهای آزاد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که IC50 برای عصاره استخراج شده با اتیل استات و عصاره اتانولی بخشهای هوایی و نیز BHT به عنوان استاندارد به ترتیب 20/245، 25/89 و 5845 پی پی ام بود. در نهایت باید خاطر نشان شد که فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره اتیل استات ضعیف تر از عصاره اتانولی بوده و هر دو عصاره در مقایسه با BHT به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان مصنوعی ضعیف تر عمل کردند. برخی از ترکیبات مانند 1,8-cineole و Terpinene-4-ol می توانند مسئول فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی باشند در حالیکه Camphor و Borneole به عنوان آنتی اکسیدانهای قوی مورد تایید قرار نگرفته اند. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که Achillea eriophoraکشت داده شده در سیستان و بلوچستان می تواند به عنوان منبعی از آنتی اکسیدانهای طبیعی در نظر گرفته شود و در محصولات دارویی و غذایی برای ارتقای سلامتی انسان و جلوگیری از بیماریها استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - بررسی تغییرات کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه Artemisia haussckenechtii درسه مرحله نموی در استان لرستان
حمزه امیری مسعود گودرزیمقدمه و هدف: گونه های Artemisia که در فارسی با نام درمنه معروف هستند در بیشتر نقاط ایران می رویند و برای درمان بیماری های عفونی مثل مالاریا، هپاتیت و دیگر بیماری های عفونی به کار می روند. از گونه های درمنه بصورت سنتی به عنوان مقوی و ضدانگل استفاده می نمایند. در مناطق غر Moreمقدمه و هدف: گونه های Artemisia که در فارسی با نام درمنه معروف هستند در بیشتر نقاط ایران می رویند و برای درمان بیماری های عفونی مثل مالاریا، هپاتیت و دیگر بیماری های عفونی به کار می روند. از گونه های درمنه بصورت سنتی به عنوان مقوی و ضدانگل استفاده می نمایند. در مناطق غربی ایران Artemisia haussknechtii. در درمان سوء هاضمه و اختلالات گوارشی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. روش تحقیق: بخش­های هوایی گیاه مورد نظر از منطقه چمشک در جنوب شهرستان خرم آباد واقع در استان لرستان جمع آوری گردید و پس از خشک شدن در سایه جهت اسانس گیری با روش تقطیر با آب(Hydrodistillation) مورداستفاده قرارگرفت. اسانس بدست آمده از این گیاه به وسیله دستگاههای GC-MS و GC آنالیز گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که بازده اسانس در مراحل قبل از گلدهی، گلدهی و پس از گلدهی به ترتیب2/1%، 5/2% و 6/1% بود. 33 ترکیب در روغن اسانسی مرحله قبل از گلدهی، 16ترکیب در اسانس مرحله گلدهی و 29 ترکیب در اسانس مرحله پس از گلدهی شناسایی شد. کامفور، 1و8-سینئول و سیس داونون مهمترین ترکیب های اسانس در طی سه مرحله مورد مطالعه است. همچنین بیشترین مقدار کامفور به عنوان مهمترین ترکیب اسانس در در مرحله گلدهی به دست می آید. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: کامفور به عنوان مهمترین ترکیب اسانس این گیاه دارای خواصی از جمله محرک، ضد اسپاسم، ضد عفونی کننده، ضد احتقان، داروی بیهوشی، مسکن، ضد االتهاب و آفت کش است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - تنوع خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی جمعیت های مختلف بابونه گاوی (مخلصه) با نام علمی Tanacetum parthenium کشت شده در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرکرد
راضیه عبدالهی ارجنکیمقدمه و هدف: بابونه گاوی یا مخلصه (Tanacetum parthenium L.) گیاهی دارویی، علفی، چند‎ساله متعلق به خانواده Asteraceae است که به طور خودرو در برخی از مناطق کشور می‎روید. بابونه گاوی در طب سنتی به عنوان ضد درد، مسکن، پایین آورنده تب، ضد روماتیسم و درمان میگرن Moreمقدمه و هدف: بابونه گاوی یا مخلصه (Tanacetum parthenium L.) گیاهی دارویی، علفی، چند‎ساله متعلق به خانواده Asteraceae است که به طور خودرو در برخی از مناطق کشور می‎روید. بابونه گاوی در طب سنتی به عنوان ضد درد، مسکن، پایین آورنده تب، ضد روماتیسم و درمان میگرن کاربرد دارد. مهم ترین ماده موثره این گیاه اسانس آن است. شرایط آب و هوایی نقش عمده‎ای در رشد، نمو، کیفیت و کمیت ماده مؤثره گیاهان دارویی دارند. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه کشت بر خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی هشت جمعیت مختلف مخلصه کشت شده در سال 1393در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرکرد بود. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق بذر گیاه مخلصه از هشت منطقه تهیه گردید. پس از تهیه نشا در گلخانه مرکز پژوهش‎های گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد شهرکرد نشاها در اوایل اردیبهشت سال 1393 به زمین اصلی واقع در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد شهرکرد انتقال داده شدند. قسمت هوایی گیاه در دو زمان پنجاه و صددرصد گلدهی برداشت شد. اسانس‎گیری نمونه‎ها در سه تکرار بوسیله کلونجر با روش تقطیر با آب انجام شد. آنالیز ترکیبات اسانس بوسیله دستگاه GC/MS انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: بیش‎ترین عملکرد اسانس مربوط به جمعیت گیلان‎تالش در مرحله صددرصد گلدهی و کم‎ترین عملکرد اسانس مربوط به جمعیت زیارت در مرحله پنجاه درصد گلدهی بود. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد مهم‎ترین ترکیبات اسانس در گیاه مخلصه کامفور و بورنیل استات می‎باشد که بیشترین میزان کامفور مربوط به جمعیت شاهرود با 05/49 درصد در مرحله پنجاه درصد گلدهی و بیشترین میزان بورنیل استات مربوط به جمعیت گیلان تالش با 56/13 درصد در مرحله صد درصد گلدهی بود. توصیهکاربردی/صنعتی:با توجه به راندمان اسانس و ترکیبات آن(خصوصا ترکیب کامفور و بورنیل استات) در گونه مخلصه و با توجه به اینکه تولید بیشتر ترکیبات مذکور مربوط به جمعیت شاهرود و گیلان تالش می‎باشد، بنابراین استفاده از جمعیت این دو منطقه جهت کشت و کار در شرایط آب و هوایی شهرکرد توصیه می‎شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Analysis of Common Myths of Initiations (Regeneration or Initiation) and its Comparison with Avesta
Masoomeh Mahlooji Mahabadi Hamidreza Shayeganfar Mehrangiz OwhadiInitiation rituals that prepare individual to move from one stage of life to the next, are all mythological. Initiation includes physical, mental and psychological dimensions and is associated with rituals that intend to help the individual to cope with his new responsi MoreInitiation rituals that prepare individual to move from one stage of life to the next, are all mythological. Initiation includes physical, mental and psychological dimensions and is associated with rituals that intend to help the individual to cope with his new responsibility in society. In all religions there are different rituals for the stage of initiation, which are in line with individual growth or acceptance of a new position. This research, which is based on library studies and has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner, analyzes the initiation rituals of different cultures. By examining the mentioned types of ceremonies such as puberty, travel, spiritual death, sacrifice, etc., in Avesta and comparing them with world examples, it was determined that the stages of transition exist in all religious and non-religious professions and drinks and their analysis shows common points with other cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Comparative Criticism of Awareness of the Tow Hero in The Novel "When Nietzsche Wept"
Raheleh Abdollahzadeh Borzoo According to Campbell's monotheistic theory, the path to individuality is going through an internal or external journey. In this story, two scientists are unknowingly involved in More According to Campbell's monotheistic theory, the path to individuality is going through an internal or external journey. In this story, two scientists are unknowingly involved in despair; one wishes for freedom and the other wishes for friendship.Brewer is a physician, and Nietzsche is a patient who refuses to accept help, even for treatment. Inevitably, Brewer, pretending to be frustrated, obtains Nietzsche's consent to be hospitalized to cure his frustration. Brewer frees himself from obsessive thoughts and tastes freedom by learning to live in the present and willing his destiny.Nietzsche, who sought to find a way beyond his treatment, uses Brewer’sself-confession method to forgetSalome; But, despite finding a same-level friendship, he chooses solitude and returns to create the book that matured in his mindwhen he saw Salome.Brewer also returns to his family life, medicine and culture after receiving the final blessing of the trip,but this time, he has freely chosen it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - A Review on the Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotic in the Control of Coccidiosis, Campylobacteriosis, and Salmonellosis in Broiler Chickens
م. رویان -
Open Access Article
78 - The Role of Camping In times of leisure manpower students (Cease Study: High school students 2 Area Rasht)
mohammadbaset ghoreshi minabad seyedeh tayebeh mirvaseIntroduction Student camping is a type of touring activity done in group and controlled by trainers outside school environment. Camping if done with a suitable management and purpose can be an appropriate activity to fill parts of students' leisure time in addi MoreIntroduction Student camping is a type of touring activity done in group and controlled by trainers outside school environment. Camping if done with a suitable management and purpose can be an appropriate activity to fill parts of students' leisure time in addition to being effective activity regarding different educational approaches. It requires study and survey to recognize the type and degree of this effect. The present article tends to study the role of camps in enriching high school students' leisure time with an emphasis on the role of human experts to increase the efficiency of camps from different facets. Research Methodology The methodology used is of descriptive-analytic type. The information on the condition of holding camps for boys and girls, in state and private schools, consequences, and different roles of camps in students' opinions are investigated. To collect data documentary and field studies have been carried out. Documentary study is used to collect data to show number, time, period, camps destination, and company of people in them. Field study is conducted to gain information on the students' views about the process of holding camps and their consequences in schools. In field study, a questionnaire in Liker Scale has been used. The area of study encompasses high schools in district 2 of education office in Rasht city. * Responsible Author: Ghoreshi@iaurasht.ac.ir The subject population includes all the high school students totaled 15909, in the educational year of 2007-8. Based on Morgan Table, the sample population consists of 375. Due to likely defects of questionnaire and the probability that some of them Are left unanswered, 400 questionnaires were finally distributed using random sampling. Tools used to collect data are a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze findings, t test and correlation coefficient are utilized. Results Findings reveal that few numbers of students are taken to camping. The highest rate is 15 percent of private school girl students, and no camp was held for boys in private schools. Thus, camps have small role in filling students' leisure time. As expected, most students are willing to participate in these camps, and girl students are somehow more willing than boys are in this regard. Around 80 percent of students believe that camps are not effective in enriching their leisure time unless it is held at an appropriate time. At present, camps are mostly held in April that is not, in fact, an appropriate time for students' leisure time activity regarding educational calendar, whereas this season is high time for students to study and review their lessons for final examination. That is why students are highly willing for the camp to be held in their leisure time that is school off time or season. The mind-triggering issue here is that teachers and trainers as human experts have very small role is students' academic efficiency and learning. Around 60 percent of respondents certified this issue referring to the management of camping that is being heeded inadequately. Conclusion The results of research present that camps have influence to enrich the times of leisure of students and the students think that role of teachers as expert manpower rated in moderate science efficiency but in opinion of that students who participate in these camps, the role of teachers is less than lower bound. Results of regression testing confirm that camping is effective in enrich the times of leisure. Also gathering expert manpower is effective in science efficiency of students and this effect is %27 so there are the other effective factors in science efficiency of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - A study of using scientific databases available on the University of Tehran website by the post graduate students of the campus of technical colleges
fahimeh babalhavaeji reza poordadash sangadehThis research has been done in order to study how engineering and technical post-graduate students living in the campus of University of Tehran use scientific databases available on the website of the University. Using descriptive method, 355 questionnaires were distrib MoreThis research has been done in order to study how engineering and technical post-graduate students living in the campus of University of Tehran use scientific databases available on the website of the University. Using descriptive method, 355 questionnaires were distributed among students and totally, 255 ones were returned. To analyze collected data softwares Excel and SPSS were utilized. Based on research findings, the main aim of students to use mentioned databases is writing thesis and scientific articles; the most used databases are Elsevier (80 percent) and Springer (53 percent), respectively; they are not satisfied with the speed of the Internet; the most important problem of students for using Internet is that they are not familiar enough with strategies of searching and they expressed themselves that they haven't enough ability to use it (≈ 28 percent), and so forth. It was also found that students have problems for using scientific information databases including low speed of Internet for searching, lack of enough information, lack of ability to answer all requests, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Effect of different times of ischemia/reperfusion on dentate gyrus cells of hippocampus in Wistar rat
Zahra Nadia Sharifi shabnam movassaghi zahra kermaniha arefeh arafati amir ghasemiStroke is the most important resalt of cerebral ischemia and followed reperfusion produces free radicales and can lead to apoptosis. Granular cells of dentate gyrus are sensitive to ischemia. Whatever the time of ischemia gets longer and reperfusion st MoreStroke is the most important resalt of cerebral ischemia and followed reperfusion produces free radicales and can lead to apoptosis. Granular cells of dentate gyrus are sensitive to ischemia. Whatever the time of ischemia gets longer and reperfusion starts with delay, cell protection from oxidative damage and apoptosis will be less efficient. Since the percentage of tissue damage plays an important role in the study of neuroprotective drugs,We decide to study the appropriate duration of ischemia in order to use different drugs in ischemic animal models. In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rat were divided to 6 groups (5,10,15,20 and 30 minutes of ischemia. The ischemia was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. After four days, brains were removed and prepared for hematoxilin-eosin method and nissl staining . Our data showed that The number of degenerative cells with pyknotic nucleuses were increased especially in the30 minutes of ischemia and the number of the dentate gyrus granular cells were decreased significantly in 15،20،30 ischemic groups.. It seems that more than 10 minutes of ischemia is the appropriate time for studying the effects of drugs in ischemic model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigation of BAD Gene Expression Following Chloriazepoxide Effect on pregnancy In the hippocampus of mouse infants
Amin Dinarvand Mehrdad Hashemi Rasool Dinarvand Shabnam Movaseghi Mojtaba JafariniaBackground: Chlorodiazepoxide is an anxiolytic agent commonly used by young people and pregnant women to reduce anxiety and control preeclampsia and eclampsia. Some studies have shown that this medication disrupts the functioning of the cholinergic system. Due to the in MoreBackground: Chlorodiazepoxide is an anxiolytic agent commonly used by young people and pregnant women to reduce anxiety and control preeclampsia and eclampsia. Some studies have shown that this medication disrupts the functioning of the cholinergic system. Due to the increased cellular damage of bad gene expression, the effect of cholorodiazepoxide use during pregnancy on bad gene expression in the hippocampus of neonatal rats was investigated. Methods: In this study, 9 female Wistar rats were pregnant and randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental (intraperitoneal injection of chlordiazoxoxide 10 mg / kg for 21 days) and carriers (saline). Two weeks after the birth, the brain of the neonates was removed from the skull and the expression of the propaoptotic gene of Bad was investigated. Results: The level of gene expression was analyzed by Rest software and a significant level of P Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the administration of chlorodiazepoxide during pregnancy can cause neuronal damage in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Myths of Siavash and Kotan Utunnai: A Comparative Study in Persian and Far East Mythologies; Based on Joseph Campbell's Approach
Saeed Akhavāni Fattāneh Mahmoudi Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths More Today's human interpretation of mythology suggests that myth is more than fiction. In the age of pre-science and pre-philosophy, the answers to questions of human beings could be found in myths. One of the issues raised about myth, is the similarity of the myths of various tribes and civilizations. Thus, the question arises: what is the reason of the similarity of myths among the unrelated tribes? By using the analytic-comparative method, the present article tries to compare the myth of "Siavash" in Iran with Kotan Utunnai, an epic belonged to Ainu (the indigenous people of Japan). In the research, the archetype of hero's journey, proposed by Joseph Campbell, as the theoretical basis, and the triple steps of hero's journey, as the variable of the study, are considered. The results show that the people who lived in the age of myth, regardless of their different languages and cultures, had common epistemological and ontological foundations that are represented in myths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Mythological Functions in Madan a-Dorar; An Analysis Based on Joseph Campbell’s Theory
ramin moharrami soraya karimi mahin panahiMany of the themes in Madan a-Dorar, written by Mohammad Soleiman Morshedi, are consistent with mythological concepts, and mythological ideas play a significant role in shaping the contents of this biographical and mystical book. Madan a-Dorar is about the life and myst MoreMany of the themes in Madan a-Dorar, written by Mohammad Soleiman Morshedi, are consistent with mythological concepts, and mythological ideas play a significant role in shaping the contents of this biographical and mystical book. Madan a-Dorar is about the life and mystical experiences of Hajji Nasser Din Omar Morshdi. The present research attempts to study the mystical experience and stages of suluk (spiritual journey) of Naser al-Din Omar Morshedi based on the theory of Joseph Campbell by using analytical-comparative method. The aim of the present study is to investigate the degree of compatibility of the themes of the book with Joseph Campbell's theory and to show the cases in which mystical themes correspond to mythical themes. The results show that the mythological sanctity of the hero in Madan a-Dorar is the same as that of the gods and archetypes. According to Campbell's theory, the journey of the hero can be explained in three stages: departure, initiation and return. Morshedi, as a hero who seeks individuality, begins his spiritual journey with the call of a deer; he experiences the rebirth by crossing the threshold and exiting the womb of the cave. Finally, he passes the rite of initiation and returns and achieves a holy manifestation. At the end of this spiritual journey, the hero reaches a position beyond contradictions, and God is manifested to him in everything. In his mystical experience, Morshedi repeats the mythological patterns. Many of Madan a-Dorar anecdotes are consistent with the components of Campbell's hero's journey and only in some components there are differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Hero's Journey in Kār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān: A Mythological Approach
Mokhtar EbrahimiKār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān (The Book of the Deeds of Ardeshir, Son of Papak), a mythological and epic text in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, introduces the founder of the Sassanid state as a hero and a mythological figure. The main question of the present resear MoreKār-Nāmag ī Ardashīr ī Pāpakān (The Book of the Deeds of Ardeshir, Son of Papak), a mythological and epic text in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language, introduces the founder of the Sassanid state as a hero and a mythological figure. The main question of the present research is why and how this text confronted with the rival, Parthian discourse, and tried to dominate its own discourse. The important hypothesis of the research is that human, natural and supernatural forces in this narrative, in coordination with each other, have presented a new discourse that refers to another type of thought and, consequently, another kind of lifestyle. In the narration of Kār-Nāmag, by the efforts of himself and his allies, as well as with the help of other characters and absorbing his competitors, the hero engages in a continuous battle. The present study, with a mythological approach and based on Joseph Campbell's hero's journey steps, examines the influential factors leading to the complex path to victory. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain the reason for the hero's journey. Through the narration of Kār-Nāmag, it becomes clear how the country saved from disunion and the kingdom of Iranshahr maintained its cohesion. Each of the characters in the book plays a role in leading Iranshahr back to national unity and is reminiscent of the role of the Iranian mythological liberation figures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The Analysis of the Story of Sheikh Sanān Based on Campbell's Theory of Monomyth
Mohammad Reihāni raheleh abdolahzadeh borzooAccording to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth, after a ritual invitation, the hero gets separated from his society, begins his journey, learns through ritual forces in an unknown land, is taught the ritual of initiation and returns for reforming his society. The jou MoreAccording to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth, after a ritual invitation, the hero gets separated from his society, begins his journey, learns through ritual forces in an unknown land, is taught the ritual of initiation and returns for reforming his society. The journey appears with some symbols and symptom in the form of archetypes. According to the theory of Jung, it is an instance of facing conscious and unconscious. By using descriptive method the present article tries to analyze the story of Sheikh Sanān regarding to Joseph Campbell's theory of monomyth and Jungian symbols. Sheikh Sanān, the symbol of unconscious, is separated from his people and motherland the call of the unconscious at night; then is taught by anima of existence in West, the symbol of unknown land of unconscious, and finally he is worthy of reconciliation to unconscious of soul. The daughter is symbol of anima of Sheikh Sanān; she teaches love and its finer points to him; in return Sheikh Sanān hands over knowledge and faith, as symbols of conscious, to her. In this journey, 400 devotees, as the elements of conscious, surrender to will of unconscious. The return of Sheikh Sanān from Rome to Mecca is a symbol of individuality and perfection and corresponds to Campbell's theory of hero's return to home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - An Analysis of Archetype of Hero's Journey Based on Campbell’s & Jung’s Thoughts
Mohammad Tāheri Hamid Aghājāni Based on Carl Jung’s thoughts, Joseph John Campbell (1904 –1987), proposed the theme of “hero's journey” that opened a new horizon in archetypal literary criticism. Campell’s ideas in archetypal criticism can be used in comparing an More Based on Carl Jung’s thoughts, Joseph John Campbell (1904 –1987), proposed the theme of “hero's journey” that opened a new horizon in archetypal literary criticism. Campell’s ideas in archetypal criticism can be used in comparing and analyzing stories, especially archetypal epic ones. The seven labors of Rostam (Haft-Khane Rostam) in Shāhnāmeh can be studied from Campbell’s point of view. Rostam had to pass the seven labors (Haft-Khan) to save Iranian commanders upon his father’s command, Zal. In this journey, besides obtaining material and spiritual gifts, Rostam reaches self-discovery and spiritual perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - The Role of Myth and Gender (Heroine) in the Works of Bahrām Beyzāii
Akbar Shāmiyān Sārookalāii Maryam AfshārIn the works of Bahrām Beyzāii, sometimes structures and functions of myth, for example, the stereotype of hero, have been transformed. Some mythologists, like Joseph John Campbell in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, have extensively noticed role of hero and his MoreIn the works of Bahrām Beyzāii, sometimes structures and functions of myth, for example, the stereotype of hero, have been transformed. Some mythologists, like Joseph John Campbell in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces, have extensively noticed role of hero and his journey. Campbell identifies ten stages in a hero’s journey, noting that all of the stages have to occur in every heroic story. But Bahrām Beyzāii changes this pattern with reducing the status of hero and raising the dignity of heroine. Ra’na in the film of Qaribé va Meh (1974 - The Stranger and the Fog), the wife of miller in the theater of Marg-e Yazdgerd (1979 - Death of Yazdgerd), Tārā in the film of Charike-ye Tārā (1979 - Ballad of Tārā), Khanoom Bouzrogh and Mahorukh in the film of Mosāferān (1992 - Travellers) and Golroukh in Sagkoshi (2001 - Killing Mad Dogs) wisly examine and salavage, and transformed into a heroine. So the role of myth and gender are brought into prominence in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - An assay for detection the frequency of Campylobacter and Arcobacters from Caspian Sea by bacterial culture and PCR techniques
Fahimeh Ghorbani Moein Masood GhaneBackground and objective: Campylobacter spp. are important causative agent of gastric infection worldwide, and contaminated water and foods are the major transmission factors of this bacterium to human. The major purpose of this study was isolation, identification and c MoreBackground and objective: Campylobacter spp. are important causative agent of gastric infection worldwide, and contaminated water and foods are the major transmission factors of this bacterium to human. The major purpose of this study was isolation, identification and characterization of Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. from the samples obtained from Caspian Sea in the North of Iran. Materials and methods: 263 water samples were collected throughout four seasons. Campylobacter spp. and Arcobacter spp. were isolated using standard methods and were identified by Phenotyping tests. Finally, the identification of these strains was verified by PCR method. Result: Foloowing phenotyping tests and their confirmation with molecular technique, totally seven Campylobacter jejuni strains and 14 Arcobacter butzelri strains were identified. Based on the results, the prevalence of this bacterium in the coastal waters of the Caspian Sea were evaluated as 2.66 and 5.32 percent. Conclusion: It is the first time that Campylobacter jejuni and Arcobacter butzelri were isolated from Caspian Sea. The epidemiologic studies regarding to the ways of their entrance in an environment and their maintenance in the habitat assist activists to control the water qualification and prevention from distribution of infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Volatile Oil Composition From Flowers and Leaves of H.officinalis L. Grown in Esfahan Headsapce Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
LIDA HASHEMI SAYED KOMEIL SAYEDSHOURBALAL -
Open Access Article
90 - بررسی شیوع و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی گونههای کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام گاو در ارومیه، ایران
مریم مصطفوی مسلم نیریز نقدهیگونههای کمپیلوباکتر شایعترین عامل اسهال باکتریایی در انسان میباشند. در تحقیق حاضر شیوع و مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی گونههای کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام شهرستان ارومیه بررسیشدند. 80 نمونه شیر خام گاو بهصورت تصادفی و با شرایط سترون از خرده فروشیهای لبنیات سنتی مناطق م Moreگونههای کمپیلوباکتر شایعترین عامل اسهال باکتریایی در انسان میباشند. در تحقیق حاضر شیوع و مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی گونههای کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام شهرستان ارومیه بررسیشدند. 80 نمونه شیر خام گاو بهصورت تصادفی و با شرایط سترون از خرده فروشیهای لبنیات سنتی مناطق مختلف ارومیه در سال 1397 جمعآوری شدند. نمونهها، ابتدا در آبگوشت پرستون تکمیلشده، غنیسازی و سپس در آگار تکمیل شده کمپیلوباکتر کشت و در دمای 42 درجهسلسیوس بهمدت 48 ساعت در شرایط میکروآیروفیل گرمخانهگذاری شدند. آزمایشهای بیوشیمیایی ازجمله هیدرولیز هیپورات و حساسیت یا مقاومت به نالیدیکسیک اسید برای شناسایی گونهی جدایهها انجام شدند. آزمایش حساسیت آنتیبیوتیکی روی جدایهها بهروش انتشار دیسک کربی-بائر انجام شد. 13 نمونه (25/16 درصد) آلوده به گونههای کمپیلوباکتر بودند. شیوع جدایههای کمپیلوباکتر ججونای (75/13 درصد) بالاتر از کمپیلوباکتر کولای (5/2 درصد) بود. جدایههای کمپیلوباکتر مقاومت بالا در برابر تتراسایکلین (100 درصد)، کوتریموکسازول (84 درصد)، آمپیسیلین، سفتریاکسون و کلرامفنیکل (2/69 درصد) نشان دادند درحالیکه آنها مقاومت متوسط به سیپروفلوکساسین و نیتروفورانتوئین (2/46 درصد) و مقاومت پایین به جنتامایسین (8/30 درصد) نشان دادند. همچنین 9 جدایه (2/69 درصد) مقاومت چند دارویی (MDR) نشان دادند. میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که شیوع گونههای کمپیلوباکتر و سویههای MDR آنها در شیر خام گاو توزیعی ارومیه بالا میباشد. ارتقا سلامت دام و بهداشت شیر، جلوگیری از مصرف بیش از حد آنتیبیوتیکها در مزارع گاوان شیری و پاستوریزاسیون شیر پیشنهاد میگردد.کلمات کلیدی: شیرخام، گونههای کمپیلوباکتر، الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی، ارومیه، ایران Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The Influence of L-arginine in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Ethanol-induced Amnesia
مرتضی پیری اعظم مشفق نسرین رئوفی مریم السادات شاهینNitric oxide synthase has been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of ethanol and nicotine. In the present study, the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, in the dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrs MoreNitric oxide synthase has been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of ethanol and nicotine. In the present study, the effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, in the dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated.This experimental study was performed on 300 male mice. Mice were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24 h after training to measure step-down latency. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol (1 g/kg) decreased the memory retrieval. Injection of nicotine or L-arginine before test by itself has no effect on memory retrieval. On the other hand, pre-test administration of ethanol (0.5, 1 g/kg), nicotine (0.4, 0.8 andmicro;g/mice) or L-arginine (0.8 andmicro;g/mice) plus non-effective dose of nicotine (0.2 andmicro;g/mice) restored memory impairment induced by pre-training injection of ethanol. These results suggest that nitric oxide system of dorsal hippocampus may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the ethanol-induced amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Influence of Dopamine D2 Receptors of the Dorsal Hippocampus in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Ethanol-induced Amnesia
مریمالسادات شاهین سیما نصری مرتضی پیریEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key bra MoreEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that influences learning and memory. In the present study, influence of dopamine D2 receptors of dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated. In this experimental study 255 adult male NMRI mice were used (24 group). The animals anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study ethanol, nicotine and sulpiride (D2 receptor agonist) were used. The Kruskalandndash;Wallis nonparametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a two-tailed Mannandndash;Whitneyand#39;s U-test, were used for analysis of the data. Differences with P andlt; 0.05 between experimental groups at each point were considered statistically significant. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol induced amnesia (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test administration of ethanol or nicotine restored amnesia ethanol (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of sulpirideblocks the nicotine reversal effect on ethanol amnesia (Pandlt;0.001).On the other hand, pre-test injection of nicotine or sulpiride has no effect on memory by itself (Pandgt;0.05). Our results in this study indicated that the blockage of dopamine d1 receptors of dorsal hippocampus decreases nicotine-induced restoration of ethanol amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Nicotinic and NMDA Receptors Interaction in the Dorsal Hippocampus of Rats in the Elevated Plus-Maze Test of Anxiety
مرتضی پیری محمد ناصحی مریم السادات شاهینNicotinic and glutamatergic receptors have role on anxiety-like behavior. But determination site of action for these receptors in the brain needs to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possible involvement of nicotinic and glutamatergic recept MoreNicotinic and glutamatergic receptors have role on anxiety-like behavior. But determination site of action for these receptors in the brain needs to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possible involvement of nicotinic and glutamatergic receptors in the dorsal hippocampus on anxiety- like behavior. The male Wistar rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the CA1 region of hippocampus. Then, anxiety-like behaviors of animals has been measured using the elevated plus-maze. Our results shown that intra-CA1 administration of MK801 (2 andmicro;g/rat) and mecamylamine (2 andmicro;g/rat) by itself, increased percentage of open arm time and open arm entries but did not alter locomotion. On the other hand, intra-CA1 co-administration of ineffective doses of mecamylamine (0.5, 1 andmicro;g/rat) with ineffective dose of MK801 (1 andmicro;g/rat) did not any significant effect on anxiety-like behavior and locomotion activity. Although both NMDA and nicotinic receptors play important role in the modulation of anxiety in the dorsal hippocampus of rats but between these receptors have no interaction on anxiety-like behavior in this site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The Effect of Camphor on Leydig Cells and Concentration of Testosterone and LH Hormones in Adult Male Mice, Balb/C Strain
مریم عابدینی وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی محسن فروزانفر حسین کارگر جهرمیCamphor is a plant from Lauraceae family. Investigations have shown that this plant has probably impression on controlling of sexual power. In this investigation, camphorandrsquo;s effect on spermatogenesis procedure has been worked out.Investigated parameters are the n MoreCamphor is a plant from Lauraceae family. Investigations have shown that this plant has probably impression on controlling of sexual power. In this investigation, camphorandrsquo;s effect on spermatogenesis procedure has been worked out.Investigated parameters are the numbers of Leydig cells, sperm and testosterone concentration and LH. We use 36adult male mice with average weight of 34 andplusmn; 1 gr and age of 10 weeks.The animals divided to 9 groups with 4 animals in each group. The control group received no injection. The sham group received olive oil as camphorandrsquo;s dissolver. The treatment animals received camphor solution in concentration of 5,20 and 50 mg/kg(b.w) each amount 0/02 cc intraperitioneally for 2 weeks. Treatment group were sacrificed 1 day after the last injection and the posttreatment group 1 week after that. After injection, the animals were weighed.Then bloodsampling and sacrificed. The results show significant increase at P andlt; 0/05 in the number of Leydig cells and sperm and concentration of testosterone and LH in treatment animals than control animals. Thus due to increase of the mentioned hormones and the number of Leydig cells and sperm it is concluded that camphor may cause increasing of spermatogenesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Effects of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid state-dependent memory
اعظم مشفق پروین بابایی مرتضی پیری شهربانو عریان بهرام سلطانی محمدرضا زرین دستCannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnes MoreCannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training to measure step-down latency. Post-training intra-CA1 injection of cannabinoid receptors agonist, WIN55,212-2 (0.25 and 0.5 andmicro;g/rat) induced amnesia. Amnesia induced by post-training WIN55,212-2 (0.5 andmicro;g/rat) was restored by pre-test administration of the same dose of WIN55,212-2. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of phenylephrine could not affect memory but clonidine improved memory impairment induced by WIN55,212-2. Furthermore, microinjection of phenylephrine or clonidine plus an ineffective dose of WIN55,212-2, synergistically restored amnesia induced by WIN55,212-2 . On the other hand, pre-test intra CA1 microinjection of prazosin or yohimbine 2 min before WIN55,212- inhibited pre-test WIN55,212-2 response. These results indicate that andalpha;-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions may play an important role in cannabinoid-induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Effect of cannabinoidergic drugs in the dorsal hippocampus of morphine sensitized rats in the memory formation.
مجید نوائیان بهاره پاکپور محمدرضا زرین دست شهربانو عریانIn present study, the effects of intra-dorsal hippocampal (intra-CA1) injection of cannabinoid receptor agents on memory formation have been investigated in 3-days morphine-treated rats. Method: Passive avoidance task of memory has been used to examine for retrieval of MoreIn present study, the effects of intra-dorsal hippocampal (intra-CA1) injection of cannabinoid receptor agents on memory formation have been investigated in 3-days morphine-treated rats. Method: Passive avoidance task of memory has been used to examine for retrieval of memory formation, 24 h after training. morphine was injected subcutaneously (S.C.), once daily for 3-days followed by 5 days free of the morphine before training. Results: Post-training intraandndash;CA1 administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55, 212-2 (0.25 and 0.5 andmicro;g/rat) and CB1 receptor antagonist, AM251 (25 and 50 ng/rat, intraandndash;CA1) decreased memory retrieval. Administration of AM251 (25, 50 and 100 ng/rat, intra andndash; CA1), 2 min before injection of effective dose of WIN55, 212-2 (0.5 andmicro;g/rat) decreased the response induced by WIN55, 212-2. Repeated administration of different doses of morphine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg /kg) for 3-days incraesed memory retrieval. However, repeated administration of different doses of morphine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg /kg) for 3-days reversed amnesia induced by WIN55, 212-2. Conclusion: The results suggest that cannabinoidergic and opioidegic system have a close interaction on memory retrieval and WIN55,212-2 influence on memory formation and subchronic morphine pre-treatment may restore memory through a possible opioidergic receptor sensitization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - The Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Artemisia aucheri on Pentylenetetrazol-induced Seizure in Male Mice
معصومه کشاورزیان غلامحسن واعظی نسرین حیدریهVarious species of the genus Artemisia are used as drugs in the treatment of some diseases and also in the physiological and pharmacological studies. Artemisia aucheri contains large amounts essence of terpenoids group, particularly "sesquiterpene lactones, ketones and MoreVarious species of the genus Artemisia are used as drugs in the treatment of some diseases and also in the physiological and pharmacological studies. Artemisia aucheri contains large amounts essence of terpenoids group, particularly "sesquiterpene lactones, ketones and monoterpene. These components have biological activities thus they can affect some physiological activites. In this study, the effect of alcoholic extract of Artemisia aucheri on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions was investigated. In this research, N-MRI male mice with weighing (22-28 g) were used. The animals were divided into three groups: control group (saline), Sham group that received saline and Tween 20 (1%), and experimental groups that included three subgroups. In these subgroups, mice were injected 5, 6.25 and 7.5 mg/kg extract respectively. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally. After 20 minutes seizure was induced by pentylenetetrazole (80 mg/kg) and seizure symptoms were evaluated for 20 minutes. Data were analyzed by one- way ANOVA. Our results showed that Artemisia aucheri in 7.5 mg/kg dose decreased initiation time in the 2stage and 5 stage (pArtemisia aucheri increases PTZ induced convulsions in dose dependent manner. It seems that some substances such as sesquiterpene lactones or some monoterpene ketone such as camphor and cineole (through reducing catecholamines release by noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) cause this situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Analysis and identification of fungal skin infection Caspian salmon () Salmo trutta caspius on farms Mazandaran Province aquaculture
نیوشا علاقمندان مطلق علی حائری روحانی محمدرضا زرین دست محمد ناصحیɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is found in all areas and has been implicated in the modulation of memory. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known. GABAb receptors were shown to mediate presynaptic inhibitio Moreɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is found in all areas and has been implicated in the modulation of memory. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known. GABAb receptors were shown to mediate presynaptic inhibition on some nerve endings and postsynaptic inhibition on some cell bodies or dendrites. There is evidence to suggest that the hippocampus plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation and dorsal hippocampal interneurons are related to GABAergic systems, the goal of these experiments was investigation the possible involvement of CA1 GABAergic system (GABA b receptor) on spatial and non-spatial memory. In this experiment, 64 male mice (NMRI) with an average weight of 25-30 g, in groups of 8 animals were used. Mice were anesthetized using the intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) plus xylazine (5 mg/kg) and placed in a stereotactic apparatus. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started. Novelty apparatus was used for the assessment of spatial and non-spatial memory retention. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey analysis revealed that, sole intra-CA1 injection of baclofen (GABAb receptor agonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs spatial novelty detection and sole intra-CA1 injection of phaclofen (GABAb receptor antagonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs non-spatial novelty detection. In finally the data postulated that CA1 GABAb receptor involved in spatial and non-spatial memory novelty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Modulated Effect of Dorsal Hippocampus (CA1) Antagonist of 5HT4 upon ACPA Induced Amnesia in Mice vر
مریم فرهی زاده محمدرضا زرین دست محمد ناصحی مریم بنانجThe aim of present study is investigates the effects of bilateral injection of dorsal hippocampal (CA1) serotonergic system (Antagonist of 5-HT4) in fear memory formation process induced by ACPA (Arachidonylcyclopropylamide). Male NMRI mice were used in our experiments. MoreThe aim of present study is investigates the effects of bilateral injection of dorsal hippocampal (CA1) serotonergic system (Antagonist of 5-HT4) in fear memory formation process induced by ACPA (Arachidonylcyclopropylamide). Male NMRI mice were used in our experiments. Fear conditioning task was used for conditioning of fear. 24 hours after train we estimated the fear memory formation. The data show that intra peritoneal administration of ACPA (0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg) causes impairment of fear memory and amnesia. Moreover, intra-CA1 injection of 5-HT4 receptor antagonist, (RS23597-190) (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 µg/mice) had no effect on fear memory in saline-treated mice but restored the impairment of fear memory in ACPA-treated mice. The data strongly showed that serotonergic system (Antagonist) in the CA1 of hippocampus induced by ACPA interferes in impairment of fear memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Effect of Endurance Training Before Induction of Alzheimers on Learning Memory and the Changes in Hippocampal Gamma-secretasein Male Wistar Rats
Sajjad Rajabi Amiri Alireza Barari Ahmad AbdiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250& MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250±17g were randomly divided into two groups of rest (16) and exercise (16) beore Alzheimers induction. After 4 weeks (two 15-min intervals with the speed of 10 m/min in first and second weeks, three 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the third week,and four 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the fourth week, with 5-min stops), each group was divided into two subgroups: 1. Amyloid beta injection, and 2. no injection. After 72 hours, the animals were killed and their hippocampus was removed. The changes of gamma secretase were measured by Real Time PCR and the obtaiend data analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Morris learning and memory test revealed a significant difference between the time elapsed for finding the platform in different groups on the second (p = 0.001, F = 10.758), third (p ≥ 0.001, p = 0.0057) and the fourth days (p = 0.001, F = 4.846). The time elapsed for finding the platform in the rest-injection group Aβ1-42 was significantly longer than the other gorups on all days (p ≥ 0.001). The results of probe test for spatial memory showed that the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle was significantly different for different groups (p = 0.001, F = 9.25). Also, gamma secretase was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to rest group after Alzheimers induction (p = 0.001). Aerobic exercise before Alzheimers induction leads to a decrease in gamma-secretase and increase in learning and Memory, and it may lead to hyppocampal plasticity that brings about cognitive and functional benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Evaluation of SCAMP5 Gene Expression and Its Target miR in the Tissue of Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme
Nasrin Karimi Hamidreza Kheiri Manjilli Vajiheh Zarrinpour Mohammad mahdi ForghanifardGlioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant and common brain tumors, and after current combination therapy, patient survival is relatively poor and the disease is always fatal. This study was aimed at investigating the expression of SCAMP5 as a possible biomark MoreGlioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant and common brain tumors, and after current combination therapy, patient survival is relatively poor and the disease is always fatal. This study was aimed at investigating the expression of SCAMP5 as a possible biomarker in GBM and evaluating the target miR of this gene. 50 tissue samples with GBM form before treatment and 50 healthy tissue samples from the GBM tumor margin were collected as a control. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed for all samples. Subsequently, a specific primer was designed and the expression of SCAMP5 gene was examined using Real-time PCR. ACTB gene was used as the internal control. Statistical analysis was carried out using Graphpad Prism software version 8. Roc curve was used to evaluate the biomarker value of SCAMP5 gene. Decreased expression of SCAMP5 gene was observed in GBM samples and its expression was compared with the pathological characteristics of patients. Expression of SCAMP5 gene with patients’ age with P-value ˂0.05 was statistically significant. However, the expression of this gene with patients’ gender with P-value ˃ 0.05 was not statistically significant. SCAMP5 was expressed in tumor tissue of patients with GBM much lower than healthy tissue around the tumor. The results revealed that SCAMP5 expression decreased in patients older than 50 years. ROC curve showed that the SCAMP5 gene could have a biomarker value. According to this study, it may be possible to use the expression of this gene as a marker as an early diagnostic method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The Effect of Eryngium Campestre Hydroalcoholic Extract on Seizure Due to by Pentylene Tetrazole Injection in Adult Male Rats
Sara Zandi Saeid Valipour Chahardahcharic Maryam RafieiradEpilepsy is the most common disorders of the nervous system. The side effects of some drugs and their resistance to them have been considered by plants for identifying drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of E. ca MoreEpilepsy is the most common disorders of the nervous system. The side effects of some drugs and their resistance to them have been considered by plants for identifying drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of E. campestre on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in male mice. In the present experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 25-30 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): saline, three epileptic groups treated with doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of E. campestre extract and positive control group treated with 1 mg/kg diazepam. In order to create a model of epilepsy, Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was injected with dose of 85 mg/kg. The effect of different doses of extract and drug on the severity of seizures was evaluated by measuring the duration of different seizure behavioral states in the animal. All prescriptions were given intraperitoneally (ip). The groups treated with different doses of E. campestre extract as well as the diazepam treated group showed a significant increase in delayed onset of seizure, tonic duration, clonic duration, and tonic-clonic duration, and length Seizure time and survival rate were significantly higher in the saline group. The results of this study showed that E. campestre extract increase delayed onset of seizure and reduced mortality due to seizure in mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Therapeutic Effect of Metformin on Necrotic Cell Death of Hippocampal Cells and Improvement of Spatial Memory in the Fetal Rat of Model Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Maryam Sabzali Akram Eidi Mahdi Khaksari Hossin KhastarExposure to alcohol during pregnancy causes a wide range of long-term physiological and behavioral effects, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FASD). Nervous disorders due to alcohol abuse in children with apoptosis in several areas of the brain such as MoreExposure to alcohol during pregnancy causes a wide range of long-term physiological and behavioral effects, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FASD). Nervous disorders due to alcohol abuse in children with apoptosis in several areas of the brain such as the hippocampus is associated with activation of the oxidative-inflammatory cascade and high levels of nerve degeneration. Studies have shown that metformin (1,1-dimethyl hydrochloride), used as a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have neuroprotective effects in several diseases of the nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the protective activities of metformin on memory impairment and neuronal necrosis in the rat hippocampus by postnatal alcohol exposure received by gavage on days 2-10 after birth. Moreover, infants received 20 and 40 mg/kg of metformin on days 2-10 after birth. To assess spatial memory, the Morris water maze test was performed 36 days after birth. After the behavioral test, nickel staining was performed to assess necrotic cells. The results revealed that metformin treatment could significantly improve spatial memory impairment (P <0.01) and significantly reduced necrotic neurons in the metformin treatment group compared to the ethanol group (P <0.01). Metformin has been shown to improve spatial memory impairment in neonatal rats exposed to ethanol and significantly prevent necrotic death of hippocampal neurons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Effect of Endurance Training After Alzheimer's Induction on Some Neuroplasticity-related Factors in the Hippocampus of Male Wistar Rats
Sajjad Rajabi Amiri Alireza Barari Ahmad AbdiMillions of people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease, and with the disproportionate growth of the elderly population, the disease, which is the most common form of dementia among the elderly, is becoming a public health crisis. This study aimed to investigate the effec MoreMillions of people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease, and with the disproportionate growth of the elderly population, the disease, which is the most common form of dementia among the elderly, is becoming a public health crisis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before and after Alzheimer's induction on some neuroplasticity-related factors in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Before inducing Alzheimer's disease, 32 8-week-old male rats weighing an average of 250 g were randomly allocated into two groups: rest (16 heads) and exercise (16 heads). Each group was divided into two subgroups after four weeks (the first and second weeks at a speed of 10 meters per minute in two 15-minute shifts, the third week at a speed of 15 meters per minute in three 15-minute shifts, and the fourth week at a speed of 15 meters per minute in four 15-minute shifts with 5-minute intervals).1. amyloid beta injection and 2. without injection. After 72 hours, the animals were killed and their hippocampus was removed for examination. Real Time PCR measured BDNF, PKG, and cGMP gene expression.Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test at the significant level of p <0.05. The results showed that the levels of BDNF, PKG and cGMP in the exercise group were significantly higher than the rest group in the stage after Alzheimer's induction (p = 0.001). According to the results, it seems that aerobic exercise can help improve neuroplasticity in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The Effect of Herniarin on Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Zahra ShaibaniDiabetes increases the risk of central nervous system disorders such as stroke, seizures, dementia, and cognitive impairment. The herniarin has a phenolic compound and it is a powerful antioxidant whose efficacy has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders in recent MoreDiabetes increases the risk of central nervous system disorders such as stroke, seizures, dementia, and cognitive impairment. The herniarin has a phenolic compound and it is a powerful antioxidant whose efficacy has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders in recent studies. Moreover, it has been shown that hyperglycemia induces spontaneous oxidation of glucose through enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes, leading to oxidative stress by stimulating the production of active oxygen and nitrogen components. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic treated with 150 and 300 mg/kg hernia. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. One week after streptozotocin injection, treatment with herniarin at 300 and 150 mg/kg was performed orally for two weeks. Blood glucose was measured after STZ injection by blood sampling from the caudal vein. Lipid peroxidation, thiol levels, and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured as indicators of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Finally, the data of the groups were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. After induction of diabetes, an increase in lipid peroxidation, a decrease in thiol, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in the hippocampus of diabetic rats compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Daily doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg Herniarin improved oxidative stress in the brains of diabetic rats. The present study showed that treatment with herniarin significantly reduced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of STZ diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Evaluation of the Effect of Mmagnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Gad2 Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Male Rats in the Presence and Absence of Acute Motor Restriction Stress
Masoomeh Esmipoor Zohreh ValizadehStress is a neurological condition that affects the nerves of all organisms by molecular processes. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles effectively reduce and relieve anxiety-like behaviors, but the molecular mechanism of this relationship has not yet been studied. Gad2 gene MoreStress is a neurological condition that affects the nerves of all organisms by molecular processes. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles effectively reduce and relieve anxiety-like behaviors, but the molecular mechanism of this relationship has not yet been studied. Gad2 gene encodes one of the isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase, an enzyme which converts glutamic acid to GABA (gamma amino butyric acid). In the present study, the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on Gad2 gene expression in the hippocampus of male rats in the presence and absence of acute motor stress was investigated. 4 groups of male Wistar rats( control, receiving salin+stress, 5mg/kg Mg nanoxide, stress+ 5mg/kg Mg nanoxide) were prepared. RNA was extracted from hippocampal tissue. Then, cDNA synthesis and real-time were performed for all groups. The results showed that Gad2 gene expression was significantly (p<0.01) increased in the presence of magnesium nanoxide, especially in the group with acute motor stress compared to other groups. According to the findings, magnesium nanoxide enhances the inhibitory nervous system by enhancing the hippocampal enzyme glutamate decarboxylase. Additional research in this area will throw more light on this molecular connection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effect of Gallic Acid on Passive Avoidance Memory, Working Memory, and Dark Neuron Cell Density in CA1/CA3 Areas in Rats Hippocampal Degeneration Model
Seyed Kamaladdin Yazdanfar Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh Seyed Ebrahim HosseiniTrimethyltin (TMT) intoxication with hippocampal degeneration induces the production of dark neurons in different areas of the hippocampus. The present study assessed the effect of Gallic acid (GA) on working memory, avoidance memory, and the density of dark neurons in MoreTrimethyltin (TMT) intoxication with hippocampal degeneration induces the production of dark neurons in different areas of the hippocampus. The present study assessed the effect of Gallic acid (GA) on working memory, avoidance memory, and the density of dark neurons in the CA1/CA3 regions of the rat hippocampus following TMT intoxication. In this study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups including control, TMT+NS, TMT+GA100, and TMT+GA200. GA at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg per body weight was administered orally 24 hours after TMT injection (8 mg/kg). The Y-maze was used to assess the working memory and the shuttle box was used to measure avoidance memory. The density of dark neurons in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus was then assessed by dissector method. Moreover, in order to determine the existence of significant differences between the groups, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of alteration behavior, delay in entering the dark room of shuttle box, along with an increased density of dark neurons in the TMT+NS group compared to the control group (p<0.001). While, administration of GA ameliorated the working and avoidance memory and reduced the density of CA1/CA3 dark neurons in the hippocampus compared to TMT+NS group (p˂0.001). GA administration appears to improve cognitive symptoms following TMT intoxication by reducing neuronal damage to CA1/CA3 areas of the hippocampus.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Effect of Risperidone on the Induction of Psychological Dependence and the Number of Hippocampal Neurons in Adult Male Rats
Zahra Mansouriarani Nasrin Heydariyeh Hamid Reza Banafshe Gholamreza Ghavipanjeh Majid LotfiniaPsychological dependence on substances is the desire to consume substances or something that has pleasurable effects and produces satisfaction. Various substances cause this dependence. Previous studies indicate the possible effect of risperidone on the brain reward sys MorePsychological dependence on substances is the desire to consume substances or something that has pleasurable effects and produces satisfaction. Various substances cause this dependence. Previous studies indicate the possible effect of risperidone on the brain reward system and the involvement of different receptors in conditioned place preference (CPP). Therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of investigating the effect of risperidone on the induction of psychological dependence and the number of hippocampal neurons. For this study, 40 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 230-280 grams were used. Risperidone was injected intraperitoneally with doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg. At the end of the hippocampus experiments, the animals were taken out and fixed by formalin, then cut and after staining, they were used for histological evaluation and neuronal counting. The results of this study showed that the administration of risperidone with a dose of 2 and 4 mg/kg causes a significant increase in CPP (p < 0.05). Also, in histological evaluation, no neuronal destruction was observed in all risperidone groups (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg). According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that risperidone in higher doses causes an increase in conditioned place preference and learning and dependence and should be considered in treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The Study of the Effects of Diazinon on Histomorphometrical Changes of Hippocampus in the Balb/c Mouse Embryo
Mahsa Momayez Haghighi Shiva Nasiraei moghadam Mehrangiz SadoughiDiazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture. This toxic material is absorbed via inhalation, skin contact, or digestion and affects different tissues. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the diazinon effect on histomorphome MoreDiazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture. This toxic material is absorbed via inhalation, skin contact, or digestion and affects different tissues. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the diazinon effect on histomorphometrical changes of hippocampus in the small laboratory Balb/c mouse embryo. Twenty-five adult laboratory female Balb/c mice were equally divided into five groups of 5. The control group received no diazinon. The sham A and B groups received emulsifier at doses of 0/52 and 5.2 microliter in volume unit (5000cm3 in desiccator), respectively, and the experimental groups A and B received inhaled diazinon at doses of 1/3 and 13 microliter in the volume unit, respectively from day 7 until 18 of gestation every other day. The mice were killed on gestation day 18 and the embryos were removed from the animal's body and examined in terms of the appearance. After the embryos were fixed and processed, the 5-micrometer sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) technique and the histomorphometric changes of the hippocampus were investigated. The mean thickness of various hippocampus layers of CA1, CA2, and CA3 decreased in experimental groups A and B. The mean number of cells count in different layers of hippocampus and dentate gyrus increased in experimental groups A and B. Diazinon inhalation at high doses (13 microliters in volume unit) seems to be able to cause histological changes in the evolution process of hippocampus in pregnant mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Criticism of the archetype of the Hero in the story of Jamshid and Khorshid based on the View Point of Jung and Campbell
Behnaz Ali Mirzaee M. Jalaloddin Kazzaz iAbstract Joseph Campbell, based on Jung ideas and by introducing the archetype of the hero's travel, has opened a new door in the criticism of the archetype and showed that the hero's travel in the narrative works of different MoreAbstract Joseph Campbell, based on Jung ideas and by introducing the archetype of the hero's travel, has opened a new door in the criticism of the archetype and showed that the hero's travel in the narrative works of different people, follow the similar pattern.Campbell's pattern includes the three sections of departure, attainment and return. Therefore, the writers of this article want to investigate the story of Jamshid and Khorshid from Salman Savaji based on the archetype and unimyth of Campbell . Jamshid, with the response to a mysterious call, to understand himself and his internal anima and with the guidance of old wiseman sets off a difficult journey and traverses the hard stages and finally joins Khorshid and returns to China; and in this way brings prosperity to his homeland . Besides the remission of this world, Jamshid attains a kind of self awareness and this is the harmony with the speculation of " the archetype of the hero's travel ". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Analysis of the Kurdish Tale "Shirzad Shirdil" Based on Joseph Campbell's Theory of the Hero's Journey
Marjan Aliakbarzade zehtabThe present article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner based on field studies in the field of popular literature, examines the oral and Kurdish tale "Shirzad Shirdil," which has not yet been fully documented, based on Joseph Campbell's (1904-1987 MoreThe present article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner based on field studies in the field of popular literature, examines the oral and Kurdish tale "Shirzad Shirdil," which has not yet been fully documented, based on Joseph Campbell's (1904-1987) theory of the hero's journey. It aligns the stages of the tale with this theory and also addresses some of its symbols. The importance of the present subject is due to the cultural-literary value of folk tales and the interdisciplinary position of Campbell's theory. The main question is: How and to what extent do the stages of this tale correspond to the hero's journey? The hypothesis is that although this tale does not have all the stages of Campbell's hero's journey, it has most of them. Based on the research findings, since Shirzad is accompanied by the older dimension of his existence – Malek-Ahmad - both dimensions must necessarily attain transcendence. Therefore, to complete the hero's journey, the repetition of a stage such as the meeting with the goddess, the passage through the belly of the whale, the ultimate boon, the apotheosis, and the master of two worlds is sometimes manifested. Additionally, this tale lacks the stages of the hero's refusal of return, the magical flight, and the rescue from without. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The archetypal criticism of the hero’s journey in the story of "the seven trials of Esfandyar” based on Joseph Campbell’s theory
raheleh abdolahzade borzu Mohammad ReihaniThe subject matter of this research is the analysis of the symbols used in the story of the seven trials of Esfandyar based on the theory of individuation process by Jung which finds expression in Joseph campbell’s theory of monomyth. In order to attain indi MoreThe subject matter of this research is the analysis of the symbols used in the story of the seven trials of Esfandyar based on the theory of individuation process by Jung which finds expression in Joseph campbell’s theory of monomyth. In order to attain individuation, Campbell has considered a pattern for mythic heroes’ journey consisting of three main stages of departure, initiation, and return. The journey of Esfandyar in seven trials is examined according to this pattern and its minor stages. The Persian consciousness portrayed in Esfandyar’s profile is after Touran which is his unconscious. He journeys to this land. He who is a symbol of archetypal hero, attempts to unite with his unconscious within. With the aid of a wise mentor and occult forces, first in the seven trials Esfandyar accompanies the shadow, and then upon initiation and overcoming the carnal soul with three animas within attains unity. With a blessing acquired from this journey he returns to his society to gain power promised from the consciousness to reform and improve the society. The fact that Esfandyar later confronts Rostam and steps on a way with no return states the fact that in his exemplified journey he could not have united with his unconscious. Denied of the individuation process, together with his incomplete quest to reach wholeness, is the reason why he could not ascend the throne and unfortunately perishes half way through life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The analysis of the quality of the awakening of the hero within in character of Seyavash and Kay Khosrow based on the theory of Pearson- K. Marr
Mohammad Javad Assarian Sayyed Ali Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Hossein SardaghiWithout a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers. Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human MoreWithout a doubt Shahnameh is a universal text whose humane ethical system goes far beyond the race and geographic barriers. Hence it is not surprising to see the rare capacity of Shahnameh to accommodate so many characters and to attribute world symbols and human character archetypes to them. This research is based on the psychological and archetypal approach used by Carol S. Pearson and Hugh K. Marr in the theory of “Awakening the hero within” and Joseph Campbell’s theory in “The hero’s journey”. Descriptive analytic method was used to prove the above theories in life stories of Seyavash and Kay khosrow in Shahnameh. The result of this analysis seems to suggest that their lives begin with the archetype “orphan” becomes intrinsic in them despite the changes brought about in their characters and in their life condition, this archetype almost evolves symbolically with death in Siayvash. The outward and objective expression of this evolutionary transformation and awakening is manifested in Kay Khosrow in the form of “sage” archetype which leads to his awakening. Therefore the process of Ferdowsi’s characterization from Seyavash to Kay Khosrow both from the aspect of cycle of life and death ( Plant god and martyre in Seyavash’s being to fertility goddess and life in Kay Khosrow’s being) and the quality of the here’s journey are complementary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Study of the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical properties in camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.)
Touraj Rahimi Farzad Paknejad Bohloul Abbaszadeh Mohammad Reza Ardakani Majid Zaree Valojerdi Masoumeh Layegh haghighiIn order to study the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of medicinal plant named camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.), samples were collected from a natural habitat in Arak at the full flowering stage. Morphological traits su MoreIn order to study the relationship between morphological, physiological and chemical characteristics of medicinal plant named camphor (Camphorosma monspeliaca L.), samples were collected from a natural habitat in Arak at the full flowering stage. Morphological traits such as plant height, number of tillers, canopy diameter, total shoot yield and full flowering shoot yield were measured for 20-40 plants in each plot. The physiological traits measured were chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, proline, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chlorine and iron. The results of correlation analysis indicated that total shoot yield had a positive significant correlation with full flowering shoot yield (r=0.97**), number of tillers (r=0.94**), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.83**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.79*), total chlorophyll 2 (r=0.77*), chlorophyll a (r=0.78*) and chlorophyll b (r=0.77*). The total shoot yield had a negative significant correlation with root length (r=-0.74*), root yield (r=-0.83**) soluble sugars (r=-0.76*), proline (r=-0.94**) and chlorine (r=-0.77). Flowering shoot yield had a significant positive correlation with the number of tillers (r=0.97**), canopy diameter 1 (r=0.77*), canopy diameter 2 (r=0.97**), total chlorophyll 1 (r=0.74*), and a negative significant correlation with root yield (r=-0.77*), soluble sugars (r=-0.97*), calcium (r=-0.72*) and chlorine (r=-0.81**). Soluble sugars showed a positive significant correlation with proline (r=0.83**), magnesium (r=0.88**), calcium (r=0.90*) and chlorine (r=0.91**). Proline had a positive significant correlation with magnesium (r=0.79*), calcium (r=0.79*) and chlorine (r=0.97**). The results of stepwise analysis of full flowering shoots as the dependent variable, showed that five traits, i.e. total shoot yield, iron, canopy diameter 2, chlorine and canopy diameter 1 were considered in the model as independent variables. However, the result of path analysis showed that total shoot yield had the highest direct positive effect on full flowering shoot yield. Results revealed that salinity reduced aerial organs and iron absorbsion, but camphor plants increased mineral absorbsion and expanded their root systems for salinity tolerance. Manuscript profile
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