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Open Access Article
1 - The Impact of the Doctrine of Resistance on International Political Developments
Khosro Vafaei SadiThis article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in th MoreThis article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in the 21st century, and questions the influence of political movements on the region's developments. In response to this question, the article presents a multi-layered hypothesis, which is explained in three sections. The hypothesis suggests that the Islamic Doctrine of Resistance, as the most significant political, cultural, and military movement, has had a significant impact on military-political developments. In fact, the comprehensive impact of the Islamic Resistance movement on Iran's foreign policy, the developments in the Middle East, and international politics and system constitute the overall structure of this hypothesis. The mobilization, organization, training, and deployment of volunteer forces from various Islamic countries against the Western invading and occupying front led by the United States and regional allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia have been the most important function of the Islamic Resistance front. Through the formulation of grand and shortcut strategies, designing operations, long-term planning, and overall management, the Islamic Resistance movement, led by the 21st-century strategist martyr Qasem Soleimani, has been able to overcome heavy and unprecedented military attacks on the Middle East and achieve significant victories in regional and international arenas, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy front. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Voluntary Disclosure in Financial Reporting: A Review of Theories and Researches
R. Royaee B. BanimahdThis paper study theories of the voluntary disclosures and represent outcomes of the latest researches in thisregard. Our study is focused on value added reporting and environmental accounting theories and researches,since these disclosures have been increased in the la MoreThis paper study theories of the voluntary disclosures and represent outcomes of the latest researches in thisregard. Our study is focused on value added reporting and environmental accounting theories and researches,since these disclosures have been increased in the last two decades.We explain the meaning and usage of the political economy theory,legitimacy theory,stackeholderstheory,decision usefulness approach and positive accounting theory in above subjects. Outcomes of thisstudy show that voluntary disclosure is not consistent and these disclosures are done for particular purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Review and clarify ethical leadership and its dimensions Case Study: employees of University of Tehran
Mohammad Reza Karami – Seyed Mohammad Mirkamali Javad PoorKarimiContext: recently with respect to moral scandals of leaders, discrimination, patronage and issues distortion has been placed in the headlines around the world everywhere; from commercial and government organizations to the church. We tried to investigate and clarify the MoreContext: recently with respect to moral scandals of leaders, discrimination, patronage and issues distortion has been placed in the headlines around the world everywhere; from commercial and government organizations to the church. We tried to investigate and clarify the ethical leadership and its aspects to recognize that kind of leadership. Aim:investigate and clarify the ethical leadership and its dimensions. Methods: The method of the research is descriptive and the type is Survey. The population consisted of all employees in University of Tehran, 1394-95. According to the latest statistics, there are 1419 (consisting of 801 women and 618 men) employees working in University of Tehran. That sample was selected by Stratified sampling and the size of sample was identified based on cochrane formula are 302. Data were collected through ethical leadership questionnaire (Researcher made).Todetermine thevalidity of the questionnaire, content validityandconstructwas used and Their reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on Pilot study "0/92". Results: The results showed that all the components of ethical leadership were above average in all aspects, except for peopel orentation, concern for sustainability, neuroticism, role clarification components that was lower to the average hypothesis of this research. Independent t test results showed that male and female employees' perceptions equal have of moral leadership. also The results of one-way variance test (f) showed the ethical leadership in terms of demographic variables (age, experience-serve, place of employment, education and field of study) there is no difference.theresults of Friedman test showed ethical guidance and role clarification has highest and lowest priority respectly. Conclusion: According to positive results of ethical leadership for organizations and communities, Administrators need to strengthen this type of leadershipin them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Causes of political instability in the zone of Middle East and Persian Gulf at sociological point of view
Mehdi rohani Maryam doreestani“Internal vulnerability” and “ external threats and violence” are two main causes that play a critical role in political instabilityand development of regional and national insecurity. In the essential region of Middle East and Persian Gulf, seri More“Internal vulnerability” and “ external threats and violence” are two main causes that play a critical role in political instabilityand development of regional and national insecurity. In the essential region of Middle East and Persian Gulf, series ofinternal factors potentially can threat to debilitate or destroy territorial patterns and governing institutions. And unfortunatelyexternal causes that were invited to the region by some countries tend to make a counterbalance of power, and also losing ofbalance in socio-cultural abilities in such an old and traditional zone, they play a dual role to instigate internal forces ofcountries to undergo a change based on two purposes of diplomatic association and back to the origin and even directintervention in some Middle East countries based on private motives.Following to this situation and development of internal demands for involving the process of making government like whatwe saw in recent changes, it bears extra pressure to some governments that the policy of negotiation with foreign balanceforces, weaken their internal legitimate bases and usually their political systems are disable to answer these internal demands.The main point of discussion is studying the meaningful relation between external variants (presence of foreign militaryforces in the region and Zionism régime) and internal factors( like making governments powerful, socio-cultural structure,organizations and state and national ability to associate with politics, condition of social wealth, …) and their effects oninternal instability and national security of local countries of Middle East.In this article we try to study the factors of diplomatic instability and insecurity of Arabic countries of the zone based on twodistinct levels at the same time their affects at a sociology point of view. First we proceed the external causes of instabilitythat actually make use of situation and internal condition of these countries and then refer to internal instability that underinfluence of external factors. Finally we aim to escape from harmful security patterns that turn around intervention ofexternal factors, and make a permanent political stability based on local structure in countries of the zone. And presentsolutions based on new factors of diplomatic and local powers with the purpose of encounter with pattern of power balance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Mathematical Model and Algorithm for sequencing operations in the machine building industry
M. fallah N. ghoraniIn this paper, the problem of sequencing machines in the final assembly line with regard to the supply of parts has been investigated. For this reason, a basic integer linear programming model has been developed and based on this, the problem-solving algorithm is develo MoreIn this paper, the problem of sequencing machines in the final assembly line with regard to the supply of parts has been investigated. For this reason, a basic integer linear programming model has been developed and based on this, the problem-solving algorithm is developed in accordance with the reaction-based approach based on the renewal of the sequence of operations. Also, due to the Np-hardness of the problem, a meta-innovative method based on the variable-neighborhood search algorithm is presented. To evaluate the proposed solution method, a sample of library issues was used and to simulate the disruption event, test questions were designed in large, medium and small dimensions. The results show that, in three categories of problems, the proposed meta-innovation method is approaching it in a very appropriate way compared to the best available method. In addition, due to the solving time, it is much more efficient than the optimal solution method and is responsive. The immediate needs are to update the sequence of operations in the face of disturbances created in the car production line. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - جستاری بر رویکرد نظام کیفری ایران به اثبات معنوی (با تکیه بر مفهوم علم قاضی)
مسعود همت حمیدرضا حیدرپور -
Open Access Article
7 - بازپژوهی جرم مادی صرف؛ مطالعه تطبیقی ایران و آمریکا
سجاد لشکری آذر محمد آشوری -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role and Value of Written and Electronic Documents in the Legal System Iran
Jafar Jamali Afshin RazaghiOne of the important evidence proving the claims in legal document. The document has been providing various definitions in the sciences and in other words, this concept is considered from the perspective of different sciences. In law as well as the traditional con MoreOne of the important evidence proving the claims in legal document. The document has been providing various definitions in the sciences and in other words, this concept is considered from the perspective of different sciences. In law as well as the traditional concept of document ins 1284 of the Civil Code defines which means any written document that is referred to as the fight or disposal. This concept is true in the case of written documents. But with the development of communications technology and the development of e-commerce transactions and Internet Treaties, the concept store documents for a new phenomena Evidence was introduced. Special documents to electronic documents in the system is evidence of the important issues of law. Especially with the adoption of e-commerce law and the position of the law, raising these issues is crucial. Role of Probative value and because of its ensuring the efficiency of judges Of course it can be said that the legislative purpose of the probative value of particular cases proving some cases is known only through some possible reasons In the case of official documents by the official document on the legal goodwill with goodwill and included in the contract to pay its share is about creating the right legal conditions and the type of sheet is in stock. Electronic document refers to data that is the message and the message considered normal that the document is normal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Fundamental Concepts in Classic and Feminist schools as Related to Change of Nationality due to Marriage
N. Almasi M. HemmatOn change of nationality, Classic and Feminist schools have their own views in international law. This study was aimed at answering the question, of what reasoning classic and feminist schools are based on as related to change of nationality due to marriage. The assumpt MoreOn change of nationality, Classic and Feminist schools have their own views in international law. This study was aimed at answering the question, of what reasoning classic and feminist schools are based on as related to change of nationality due to marriage. The assumption here is that, the classic school disregards human rights as related to change of nationality due to marriage, while the feminist school emphasizes human rights and rejects any kind of discrimination on the basis of sex on the question of nationality. Specifically, the study sought to bring into focus and the some time review human rights which concern women's nationality. Elevating human rights and implementing them as related to women is contingent upon recognizing the same rights for men and women concerning their nationality and rejecting any discrimination in this regard. To investigate the legal concepts and elements related to this topic and also describing and categorizing them a descriptive method was followed. To evaluate those concepts and elements a critical analysis was done. The results revealed that in the classic school the focus is on political consideration and national interests of the country with which the man is affiliated, which means disregarding human rights. on the other hand, the feminist school emphasizes human rights and introduces the principle of the equality of men and women, on the question of nationality, thus rejecting any discrimination in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Designing a financial stability model in order to respond to Islamic banking returns to shocks in the value of the national currency
hadi radfar Mohammad Khazri fatemeh zandi bijan safaviThe present study deals with redesigning the design of the financial stability model in order to respond to the return of Islamic banking to the shock of the value of the national currency for the years 1400-1373. For this purpose, using the structural vector autoregres MoreThe present study deals with redesigning the design of the financial stability model in order to respond to the return of Islamic banking to the shock of the value of the national currency for the years 1400-1373. For this purpose, using the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which are known as impulse models; The response of Islamic banking returns to the shocks of national currency value, financial stability, inflation and inflation were investigated. According to the results, the response coefficient of the yield impulses of cooperative banking contracts to oil revenues, weakening of the value of the national currency and inflation is negative and equal to 0.01, 0.25 and 0.06. Also, the response of financial development momentum coefficient to the yield of cooperative banking contracts is positive and equal to 0.32. The increase in oil and foreign exchange revenues of the central bank causes an increase in the monetary base of the country, and the volume of liquidity also increases, and therefore inflation will also increase. The expectation of inflation in the future period and uncertainty about the inflation rate are also effective in fueling the intensity of inflation, and as uncertainty increases, the amount of investment in the production sector decreases and the production situation and the yield of contracts also worsen. On the other hand, the artificial pricing of the exchange rate in the years before thein order to reduce the pressure of the foreign exchange market, it is suggested that the annual off Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation the Management to Control The Liquidity Money by Central Bank in Iran
رویا آل عمران سید علی آل عمرانThe Objective of this paper is evaluation the management to control the liquiditymoney by central bank in Iran from 1378:3 to 1387:2. For this purpose the volatilityindex is drive GARCH model. The result indicate that central bank management incontrol the liquidity mone MoreThe Objective of this paper is evaluation the management to control the liquiditymoney by central bank in Iran from 1378:3 to 1387:2. For this purpose the volatilityindex is drive GARCH model. The result indicate that central bank management incontrol the liquidity money for monetary policy, early years of 1378 and 1379 inputsto improve and central bank’s application planning organized in determining theamount of liquidity money in the final period has led to reduced liquidity moneyinstability and its tendency toward to a stable level and has been optimized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - تحلیلی بر تأثیر حاکمیت شرکتی بر ثبات سیستم بانکی کشورهای در حال توسعه (با تأکید بر شاخص مالکیت بانک ها)
مهدی تقوی اعظم احمدیان مهران کیانوند -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating the effects of financial development, economic stability and efficiency of cooperative contracts of banks during recession and prosperity
Mohsen mirzasaf Marjan Damankeshideh manizheh hadinejad alireza daghighi mohammadreza mirzaeinejadFinancial development and stability and their relationship with economic growth are important and influential issues on economic growth. Therefore, economic experts have investigated this issue in many researches by applying various conditions. The purpose of this resea MoreFinancial development and stability and their relationship with economic growth are important and influential issues on economic growth. Therefore, economic experts have investigated this issue in many researches by applying various conditions. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of financial development, economic stability and efficiency of government cooperative contracts during recession and prosperity, which done by applying the Markov switching regime change approach based on the annual data of Iran's economy during the period of 2016-2018. The results of the model estimation show that the variables of financial and oil crises, economic and financial risk, inflation in both periods of prosperity and recession have a negative effect on the efficiency of cooperative contracts. The results show the probability of transition from one regime to another regime and the duration of the regime, if Iran's economy is in a recession at time t, it will remain in the same state despite economic and financial risks and financial and oil crises. Also, there is a 0.80 probability that Iran's economy will return to the state of recession due to other factors. The amount of exposure of Iran's economy to the period of stagnation in the current research is 21 periods against 9 periods of prosperity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Identifying instability in the banking system using the Markov Switching Model
Donya Hajishahverdi gholamreza zomorodianIn the context of defining financial stability and systemic risk, the occurrence of phenomena such as bank panic and credit crunch can be considered as examples of instability in the banking system. Most studies in this field rely on definite and post-event events MoreIn the context of defining financial stability and systemic risk, the occurrence of phenomena such as bank panic and credit crunch can be considered as examples of instability in the banking system. Most studies in this field rely on definite and post-event events, which, along with other factors such as lack of attention to the different structure of banking systems, lack of localization of indicators and over-simplification of patterns used, has led to emerging markets and economies. Developments such as Iran do not report the occurrence of events indicating bank instability, so studies aimed at covering the shortcomings of previous studies and using theMarkov switching model were designed based on the monetary market pressure index approach for the Iranian banking system.That the findings indicate the existence of a signal Lehigh banking crises forThe voting period of the fourth season is 1979 to the third season of 1980, the period of the first season is 1984 to the fourth season of 1986, the period of the second season is 1991 to the third season of 1996 and the period of the second season is 2011 to the third season of 2015. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Examining the Relationship Between Reliability Components of the Earning and Earnings Persistence.
Ali Akbar Chaharmahali Javad Zahedi Reza Barati Mostafa AmiriThe primary purpose of this research is : '' examining the relationshipbetween reliability components of the earning and earnings persistence. Thecomparison of the persistence of components of the earnings.'' So the mainquestion of this research is as follows: Is the pe MoreThe primary purpose of this research is : '' examining the relationshipbetween reliability components of the earning and earnings persistence. Thecomparison of the persistence of components of the earnings.'' So the mainquestion of this research is as follows: Is the persistence of different componentsof earnings the same ?In this research we have made use of operational earnings and theinformation of Accrual items of 113 firms which were stock exchange membersbetween 1378- 1386. To test the hypotheses of the research, we have made useof the multivariant linear regression method. To examine the meaning fullness ofthe differences between regression coefficients , we have made use of vald testand complete and decreased models of regression.Accounting earnings are divided into two parts of cash and accrual sections. Theaccrual section is divided into three more parts of current operational activities,and non cash operational activities , accrual items of finance activities. First wecompared the persistence of cash section of earnings with the persistence ofaccrual section of earnings then we compared the persistence of cash section ofearnings with the persistence of accrual components. Finally the persistence ofaccrual section of earnings have been compared with each other.The persistence of accrual element of earnings is lower that of cash elementof earnings the reason for this is that the larger amount of the subjectivity ofaccrual items and their reliability is lower than cash element to the results of thisresearch show that the persistence of cash section has a meaningful differencewith the persistence of accrual section and its components. On the one handwhen the accrual section of earnings is unusually high or low the earning haveless persistence. On the other hand the difference between the persistence ofaccrual components of earnings is not high and statistically , none of thesedifferences are meaningful the results of this research show that the earnings ofthe firms in which the cash section of earnings is higher than that of the wholeearnings the earnings will have more persistence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Study of Volatility Trend in Tehran’s Stock Exchange
سید علی آل عمران رویا آل عمرانThe main objective of this paper is to study the volatility trend in Tehran’s stockexchange from 1999:03 to 2008:02. this research are looking for answer to thisquestion that, if The Tehran’s stock exchange in the study period had experiencedvolatility or no MoreThe main objective of this paper is to study the volatility trend in Tehran’s stockexchange from 1999:03 to 2008:02. this research are looking for answer to thisquestion that, if The Tehran’s stock exchange in the study period had experiencedvolatility or not. To quantitative volatility, EGARCH Model is used. The resultsindicated The Tehran’s stock exchange is experienced volatility trend between 1999 to2008. So as, the most volatility level(instability) is occurred in 2003:01 and Then Themost instability has experienced in 2007:02, but in comparision with volatilityoccurred at 2003:01 is less. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Developing a model for Iran for Public-Private Partnership as a modern financing method for infrastructure projects
فرشاد هیبتی هاشم نیکومرامImplementing the infrastructural projects has so many degrees of importance and avital role in economic growth and development of the countries. Since governmentsare aimed to give services more efficiently and with higher quality, they are doingrelated works and attempt MoreImplementing the infrastructural projects has so many degrees of importance and avital role in economic growth and development of the countries. Since governmentsare aimed to give services more efficiently and with higher quality, they are doingrelated works and attempts in order to facilitate and accelerate the said projects.Experiences of different countries show that factors such as lack of financialresources, budgetary deficit of the governments for financing big projects and highdemand for investing in these projects have lead countries to do their attempts to fulfilpartnership of the private sector and make suitable competitive climate for theircooperation. These attempts have result in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) andfacilitated the growth and development of the countries. In this study, the relationshipbetween the factors influencing the utilization of PPP in 21 countries during 2000-2008 using panel data method are studied. The results show that countries’ revenue,economic stability, budget deficit and underground sources are the main factorsinfluencing public private partnerships in the studied countries. Finally, the model forpublic private partnerships has been generated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A Comparative and Qualitative Study on Capital Market Stabilization Funds and Providing Alternative Practical Model
Meysam hamedi Meysam Doaeei vahid AhmadianAfter the severe price fluctuations in the capital market in 2019 and the increase in the activity of the stabilization fund in the country's capital market, doubts were raised about the way of interference and conflict of interests in the activity of this fund.In this MoreAfter the severe price fluctuations in the capital market in 2019 and the increase in the activity of the stabilization fund in the country's capital market, doubts were raised about the way of interference and conflict of interests in the activity of this fund.In this research, Iran's capital market stabilization fund has been studied in terms of its nature, function, disclosure, and type of sources, applying a comparative approach with market stabilization funds in China, Germany, and Bangladesh. Then, by referring to the opinions and comments of experts and academicians, defects, problems, and deficiencies of the capital market stabilization fund have been identified and the optimal alternative status has been drawn. The findings of this research, which was conducted by a qualitative method and integration of comparative study and in-depth interviews with experts, indicate that the optimal method for capital market stabilization fund investments is the indirect method through financial institutions. On this basis, the proposed research model is presented in the form of a conceptual model with the aim of providing a suitable alternative solution for fund intervention in the capital market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The effect of financial stability and fluctuations in the value of the national currency on the efficiency of Islamic banking, under the switching regime change model
hadi radfar Mohammad Khazri fatemeh zandi bijan safaviIn this study, we seek to investigate the effect of financial stability and fluctuations in the value of the national currency on the efficiency of Islamic banking in recession and boom regimes. For this purpose, the effect of study variables during the period of 1373 t MoreIn this study, we seek to investigate the effect of financial stability and fluctuations in the value of the national currency on the efficiency of Islamic banking in recession and boom regimes. For this purpose, the effect of study variables during the period of 1373 to 1400 is investigated by using the rotation model and Markov switching regime change. The estimation results of the model show that the coefficient of financial development is positive in the prosperity regime. The coefficients of the variables of weakening the value of the national currency in both recession and boom regimes, liquidity and global financial and oil crises have also had a negative impact on the yield of bank contracts in the recession regime. The artificial pricing of the exchange rate in the years before the crisis and preventing its adjustment according to economic conditions is one of the main reasons for the recent fluctuations in the value of the national currency. Thus, as the growth of the exchange rate has increased, the policy makers have tried to control the growth of the exchange rate and prevent its increase by reacting more to it. Meanwhile, the reaction to exchange rate deviations has led to a further weakening of the value of the national currency. As the fluctuations in the value of the national currency increase, the amount of investment in the production sector has decreased and the production situation and the efficiency of the contracts have also worsened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Providing a Comprehensive Model for Measuring the Stock Price Bubble in Portfolio Management with a Behavioral Approach
ALI RAMEZANI fereydon rahnama HAMIDREZA KORDLOUIE Shadi ShahverdianiThe main goal of the current research is to provide a model for measuring the stock price bubble with a behavioral approach. The present research method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of two groups, in order to determine the factors related MoreThe main goal of the current research is to provide a model for measuring the stock price bubble with a behavioral approach. The present research method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of two groups, in order to determine the factors related to the model, the first group consists of 10 capital market experts, and the second group consists of active companies admitted to the stock exchange, which were used for the model test. ANP has been used to prioritize the identified behavioral factors. The calculations performed to determine the priority of the main criteria show that the heterogeneity of investors with a normal weight of 0.128 has the highest priority. Speculative behavior, mass behavior and mental accounting are in the second to fourth place, respectively. Also, the results of the second part show that considering that the statistical population of the research consists of all the companies active in the stock market between 2012 and 2019, 143 companies were selected as a sample based on systematic elimination. Eviews software and logistic regression were used to test the hypotheses. The identified behavioral factors include speculative behavior, behavioral volatility, investor heterogeneity and market expectations. The results show that behavioral instability, heterogeneity, market expectations, as well as speculative behavior have a positive effect on the occurrence of stock price bubbles; Therefore, it can be stated that behavioral factors can have a positive effect on the formation of the stock price bubble; Therefore, the identified pattern has the necessary efficiency from the behavioral point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - ارزیابی ثبات مالی در اقتصاد ایران با تاکید بر رفتار متفاوت قرض دهی و قرضگیری با رویکرد مدل DSGE
حمید تقی زاده حسین شریفی رنانی سارا قبادی -
Open Access Article
22 - بیثباتی اقتصادی و رشد اقتصادی استانهای کشور (رهیافت تحلیل مولفههای اصلی)
احمد سرلک مهدی جلولی -
Open Access Article
23 - تأثیر بی ثباتی نرخ ارز بر صادرات خرمای کشورهای عمده صادرکننده با استفاده از مدل دوربین فضایی
عاطفه دکالی سید مهدی حسینی امیر دادرس مقدم -
Open Access Article
24 - Effect of Economic Stability on Demand for Money in Iran (1973‐2008)
رویا آل عمران فهیمه نصراله سیدعلی آل عمرانIn this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflatio MoreIn this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflation rate, long‐terminterest rate, and Stock Market Average Price Index.With the help our calculated ESI and employing the ARDL method weestimate the demand for money in Iran for the period of 1352‐1387. Theresults of our study show that the Economic Stability Index has a positiveimpact on demand for money in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Analyzing financial stability with emphasis on banking sector in Iran: An early warning system approach
ژاله زارعی اکبر کمیجانیIn the literature, the financial stability is defined as a condition that systematic crises do not threaten the stability of the macroeconomy. Financial instability and its great shock on real output in many countries faced with economic crisis have demonstrated the nee MoreIn the literature, the financial stability is defined as a condition that systematic crises do not threaten the stability of the macroeconomy. Financial instability and its great shock on real output in many countries faced with economic crisis have demonstrated the need and importance of developing models for prediction and prevention of crises for economic planners and make them able to investigate the causes of crisis and prevent its recurrence as well. In this study, an early warning system of bank crisis for Iran has been estimated by using probabilistic method(probit approach), for the 2002- 2011 The probable function designed in this paper shows that three variables, weight average of the real interest rate of banking deposit, weight average of the real interest rate of banking credit and the growth rate of property price, are the three predicators of probability of the banking crisis. The specified model in this study has signaled the banking crises and in 92 percent of the cases in which crises have happened the model has been able predicate it with probability of more than 40 percent and Only, 7.14 percent has been missed and 9.52 percent has signaled wrongly. Hence, it confirms the relative predictive power of our model in crises period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The necessary limit for proving and reaching the threshold of proof in Islamic jurisprudence and legal systems
Mehdi MolavaliThe rule of imposition of reason in jurisprudence generally and briefly has a history, and its acceptance and validity can be seen in the jurisprudence rule of Allah Ali al-Mada'i. The traces of this rule in the actions of the legislator can be seen in Article 1257 of t MoreThe rule of imposition of reason in jurisprudence generally and briefly has a history, and its acceptance and validity can be seen in the jurisprudence rule of Allah Ali al-Mada'i. The traces of this rule in the actions of the legislator can be seen in Article 1257 of the Civil Code and Article 197 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In this research, an attempt has been made to define the framework of the rule of the place of discussion through the identification, counting, investigation and assignment of the involved components in a logical manner and working on love, the rule of bearing the burden of proving the reason for the effect in the hands of general benefits (the general rules of the rule that in all contempt rules, it has general (rules related to the type and characteristics of the lawsuit) and partial rules (rules related to the type of reason to be expressed), which requires an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the rule to pay attention to all three levels of the mentioned rules. . Among the sensitive and complicated points, we can mention the standard of the claimant's recognition of the negative and the level necessary to provide evidence and reach the level of proof. As long as the above points are paid attention to as independent institutions in the judicial field, the problem will remain on its own. The solution to the problem lies in sociology. The set of the above points has been examined and carefully considered in order to explain the concept of the rule's enamel, i.e. the burden of proof. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Perspective of Trying to Mislead and Qsamh in Jurisprudence and Legal
Fariba Afzali QadiOne of the most important juristic rules of the Penal Code has also referred to the rule is trying to mislead and Qsamh. This paper estimates the lexical terms, law and literature scholars have tried to speak to him the way of the Penal Code have to check the rights and MoreOne of the most important juristic rules of the Penal Code has also referred to the rule is trying to mislead and Qsamh. This paper estimates the lexical terms, law and literature scholars have tried to speak to him the way of the Penal Code have to check the rights and Islamic criminal law. And comparative basis to examine the gaps in this regard is more pronounced. More research is an important issue in the importance of blood and breath. This is an issue that is important to further investigate the importance and population Dma’ that you can easily swear by Qsamh and 50 times the murder warrant issued for someone? However, after reviewing the jurisprudence and legal documents can be achieved to the conclusion that it is not sufficient to prove Qsamh and besides trying to mislead and influential figures in the evidence warrants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Imami Rights and Rights for Education in France
Mohammad SalimiBecause as a tool to prove the truth and the reality of the law and regulations of the greatest importance. One could say that because; promote justice and peace in the community, so there is no reason or ambiguity in the proceedings, the cause of rights and justice. Ne MoreBecause as a tool to prove the truth and the reality of the law and regulations of the greatest importance. One could say that because; promote justice and peace in the community, so there is no reason or ambiguity in the proceedings, the cause of rights and justice. Necessary to achieve justice, business and the acquisition by the Ombudsman and his moral persuasion that in all areas, including criminal and civil proceedings is in force. Prashfthy legal system today, proof of contraceptive education is very important because of the law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Presenting a Sustainability Accounting Model from the Perspective of Positive and Normative Theories
samaneh sadeghi Bahareh Banitalebi DehkordiToday, the speed of scientific research and practical measures in the field of sustainable development has not yet allowed the role of accounting in this area to be clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the concept of sustainability ac MoreToday, the speed of scientific research and practical measures in the field of sustainable development has not yet allowed the role of accounting in this area to be clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the concept of sustainability accounting with the help of normative and positive theories and based on the principles of sustainable development. Identify stability. In addition, the main purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual model of sustainability accounting as a normative solution. This article is based on the library method and using deductive and descriptive-interpretive analysis to explain sustainability accounting and its evolution in the accounting system from a knowledge perspective. Findings show that in the proposed model of sustainability accounting, the focus is on the axis of response in accordance with the needs of users so that reports can identify and disclose environmental aspects and social impacts on indicators and economic, social and environmental performance. The findings also showed that in the field of sustainability accounting, it is necessary to pay attention to the development and expansion of accounting conceptualization principles, taking into account organizational and social contexts. The results of the research can determine the future progress, importance and characteristics of sustainability accounting in the business and thus help shareholders and stakeholders to benefit from the company's achievements for sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Developing a Dialogic Accounting Framework in the Green Accounting Consequences: Changing the Positivist Accounting Paradigm
Ensieh Hossein Pooran Hasan Valiyan Mohammadreza AbdoliChanges in any field of science will lead to greater dynamics of the functions of that field. Accounting, as one of the areas based on social processes, is no exception to these changes and in order to promote interaction with the needs of stakeholders one can expect th MoreChanges in any field of science will lead to greater dynamics of the functions of that field. Accounting, as one of the areas based on social processes, is no exception to these changes and in order to promote interaction with the needs of stakeholders one can expect the achievement of an integrated and interactive perception between the pillars of the accounting profession with social dimensions due to such changes. Dialogic Accounting as changes resulting from perceptual and social contexts can have pervasive values such as the positive consequences of green accounting from a social and competitive point of view. The Purpose of this research is developing a Dialogic Accounting Model in the Green Accounting Consequences of Capital Market Companies. In this research, which considered methodologically in terms of the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research, the method of data collection was survey-correlation and the research tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population in this study is the managers of the accounting department as a subset of the financial and administrative deputy of the top 50 companies of the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2020-2021. Considering that accounting managers in capital market companies with titles such as Chief Stock Officer or Chief Accountant are in the organizational chart of capital market companies, a total of 96 people participated in this section, which according to this statistical population, which was less than 100 The census criterion was used to select the research participants. Partial least squares analysis (PLS) also used to fit the model. The results showed that Dialogic Accounting has an impact on the Green Accounting Consequences of capital market companies. The results show the development of the Dialogic Accounting Model as a basis of the system in the social context and by transferring the level of capital market expectations as the input of the system and its combination with accounting knowledge occurs as a system process, it can lead to green accounting consequences as a system output. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Positive Change of Earnings Per Share and Share Price: Functional Fixation Hypothesis
بهمن بنی مهد مهدی مراد زاده فرد فاطمه مروارید عراقیThe objective of this study is to investigate functional fixation hypothesis in the TehranStock Exchange(TSE). Functional fixation hypothesis will be study from differentapproaches. In this study , we first examine above hypothesis by investigating relationshipbetween p MoreThe objective of this study is to investigate functional fixation hypothesis in the TehranStock Exchange(TSE). Functional fixation hypothesis will be study from differentapproaches. In this study , we first examine above hypothesis by investigating relationshipbetween positive change of earnings per share and share price, second, by relationshipbetween earnings management and share price. Sample of study are 100 firms during a 6-year period from 2005 to 2011. Using correlation method and multiple linear regressiontechnique, the results of this study show that there is a positive relation between positivechange of earnings per share and share price. Research evidence also show a positiverelation between earnings management and share price. This issue confirm functionalfixation hypothesis in TSE . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Impact of Accounting Comparability and Consistency on Information Asymmetry: A Text Mining Approach
Sobhan Zafari Dariush Foroughi Gholamhosein KianiThe Aim of this paper is to Investigate The Impact of Accounting Comparability and Consistency on Information Asymmetry of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange.The Population of Research is Firms listed in TSE.the sample of Research Consist of 80Firms in Time-perio MoreThe Aim of this paper is to Investigate The Impact of Accounting Comparability and Consistency on Information Asymmetry of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange.The Population of Research is Firms listed in TSE.the sample of Research Consist of 80Firms in Time-period of1389-1395.for Hypotheses testing,We Utilised Multivariate Pooling Data Regression.To Measure Accounting Consistency we Applied Text-mining Techniques(Vector Space Model).Research Findings Indicate that Accounting Comparability negatively impact the information AsymmetryFindings also show that accounting consistency have a negative impact on information asymmetry. Overall, it seams that in Iran Capital market, accounting comparability as a one of the qualitative characteristic of accounting information is very important for users of accounting information and investors so that it lead to private information convert to public available for them. alSo , it seams that changing accounting methods and procedures is very important for capital market participants and By creating more ambiguity about the reasons of changing accounting methods lead to increase information asymmetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Effect of CEO Entrenchment on Stakeholders' Social Pressure: Critique of Power Transition (Hegemonic) Theory
parviz miri Ghodratolah Talebnia faegh ahmadi Hamidreza Vakili fardStability in office systems helps companies achieve more goals and goals by developing coherent programs and strategies. One of the theories related to this field is the theory of hegemonic stability, which is rooted in the economic layers of larger administrative syste MoreStability in office systems helps companies achieve more goals and goals by developing coherent programs and strategies. One of the theories related to this field is the theory of hegemonic stability, which is rooted in the economic layers of larger administrative systems. Expanding this theory to administrative systems, such as market-based corporate-based companies, can be effective in balancing the relationship with stakeholders and controlling potential social pressures. This research tried to be based on Power Transition (Hegemonic) Theory, examine the effect of the CEO's entrenchment on stakeholders' social pressures. On this basis, two analyzes were used to measure social pressures Meta-synthesis and Delphi Finally, with the participation of research experts, questionnaires were developed in the form of 5-choice Likert scale. Also, in order to measure the CEO's entrenchment, three criteria of tenure, managerial ownership and duty duality were used based on the definition of indicators 0 and 1. The statistical population studied in this study included all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2019. A total of 109 questionnaires were examined with the participation of CEOs of capital market companies through the analysis of Partial Least Squares (PLS). The test results of the research hypothesis showed that CEO entrenchment has a positive and significant effect on stakeholders' social pressure. This result is in fact a critique of power transition (Hegemonic) theory at the level of theories of representation in capital market companies And it shows that the existence of a stronghold for CEO entrenchment at the head of the government and the decision of the company in line with transition (hegemonic) theory, cannot be a factor to control the social pressures of stakeholders. Because the presence of opportunistic motivations of managers will disrupt the effective and efficient functions of the company's development path, and stakeholders will put a lot of pressure on the company to protect their interests in various ways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - تاثیر محلول نانو سیلیس بر روی خواص فیزیکی، مکانیکی و ریختشناسی صنوبر دلتوئیدس (.Populus deltoids> L>)
سعید اسمعیلی مقدم بهروز ملکیان سجاد اکبری شمس الله سپهوند -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigate the effect of occupational stability of managers on performance of organization from the perspective of employees
Ali Rabiee Zahra Nazarian Zahra BehbahaniIntroduction and Objective: In the two past decades the issue of instability directors has been as one of the to consider in Iran bureaucracy. In this paper, the relationship between job stability and performance management organizations has been studied in one of the p MoreIntroduction and Objective: In the two past decades the issue of instability directors has been as one of the to consider in Iran bureaucracy. In this paper, the relationship between job stability and performance management organizations has been studied in one of the province of state banks.Methodology: This was a descriptive study that included a sample size of 17 branches and 850 employees. Branches was selected relative to the population under study and Per unit employees responded to the questionnaires randomly.Results: Results show that the stability of Iranian directors have overall positive effects on work processes in administrative organizations .There is a significant relationship between management stability and employees performance, increased human relations manager with staff, manager mastery on different aspects of administrator duties, efficient use of existing facilities and recognition of ethical problems and employee behavior and attempts to solve the problems.Conclusion: According to the current policy of replacing managers in the studied organization, it seems that this is causing a decrease in performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Cultural barriers in the political development in Iran and management strategy in this area
دکتر علی اکبر رضایی دکتر سیدرضا صالحی امیری علی اصغر رفیعی نژادThis study aimed to identify and review some cultural barriers on the road to political development has been done. In this study, which covered Hobby component in the culture of this society as cultural factors influence political development has been used the purpose o MoreThis study aimed to identify and review some cultural barriers on the road to political development has been done. In this study, which covered Hobby component in the culture of this society as cultural factors influence political development has been used the purpose of this study in terms of application and type of survey is. The sample consists of students study master degree program cultural planning, of which Political Science and Biology Society, Azad University, Tehran Science and Research to the number of 181 people through the sample - were selected randomly .Research based on hypotheses and questions two methods, a library and field studies conducted And for data analysis and the relationship between independent variables and dependent T-test and Pearson correlation were used. The results showed a significant relationship between secrecy and egocentric individuals with political developments there. This means that these variables exist among the people caused their lack of political development. Variable tendency for Saint and seeking stability and political development of meaningful relationship with these two individuals were found and the hypothesis was rejected. Among the hypotheses demographic variables including gender research, economic income, property, housing, Social status, ethnicity, place of birth (urban or rural) and age, only the variable gender relationship was not confirmed with political development. Accordingly the end, some research avenues, particularly in the areas of executive management to increase overall confidence in the country to reduce secrecy and egocentric is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Strategic Analysis of Scientific production areas of Development discourse in Iran With the emphasis an localization of the social sciences using swot matrix
ahmadsaleh saffar shirin ahmadniaSocial sciences play an important role in the development. But it must be localized. To be able to adopt the structure and characteristic of the community. Positivists emphasize the lack of need for localization of social science. But a critical approach believes that t MoreSocial sciences play an important role in the development. But it must be localized. To be able to adopt the structure and characteristic of the community. Positivists emphasize the lack of need for localization of social science. But a critical approach believes that the specific values of any society, the process of knowledge production affects. Based on the theoretical concept of Cohen and metro, social science norm production could be localized adapt the ideas to real conditions of society, the most important feature is standard sciences. In this paper, using the methodology swot, weaknesses and strengths and opportunities and threats related to the identification & localization of social sciences has been determined. The findings show that capacity utilization in the history of Iranian scientists is an opportunity to develop scientific discourse. Non – application of the social sciences as well as the failure of the project will be to production of indigenous social science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The study of social-cultural factors’ role on women’s access to top and specialized professions in scientific and applied universalities throughout Tehran
Taliee Khademian Leila Mirtaheri -
Open Access Article
39 - The Essentials of Generalizing Evidence in Substantiation of Claims
Asghar ArabiyanThanks to the development in Sciences and technology, newevidence for substantiation of claims and convincing the judge haveappeared recently which are very stronger than witness-bearing ofeye-witness individuals. Such evidence is called "definite,customized proofs" who MoreThanks to the development in Sciences and technology, newevidence for substantiation of claims and convincing the judge haveappeared recently which are very stronger than witness-bearing ofeye-witness individuals. Such evidence is called "definite,customized proofs" whose opposite probabilities are overlooked bycustom of the wise. Considering this fact that most jurists treat"reason" and "custom of the wise" as the foundation for validity ofwitness-bearing of eye-witness individuals on the one hand andbayyinah (witness-bearing of two pious eye-witness individuals)lacks any specific peculiarity on the other, one can find therespective criterion in such newly invented evidence and therebygeneralize evidence in substantiation of claims to whatsoever canprove something. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The Effects of Tax and Subsidy Policies to Maintain and Sustain Water Resources in Kaboodarahang Plain
mehdi elahi Mohammad Hassan Vakilpoor hamed najafi alamdarloo Mohammad Ali AsaadiBackground and Objective: Over the past decades, climate changes and the limitation of surface water resources have caused excessive utilization of groundwater stocks, so that aquifers in most of the country's plains have no favorable situation now. Kaboodarahang plain MoreBackground and Objective: Over the past decades, climate changes and the limitation of surface water resources have caused excessive utilization of groundwater stocks, so that aquifers in most of the country's plains have no favorable situation now. Kaboodarahang plain is as one of the critical forbidden plains of the country which is facing water crisis. The status entails employing proper management of groundwater resources policies. The present study focuses on the economic, social, and environmental impacts of applying tax and subsidy policies per cubic meter of consumed or saved surplus water as an alternative to pricing approach.Method: This study was conducted and investigated via using Positive Mathematical Programming and Maximum Entropy Planning. Tax and subsidy policies were applied per cubic meter of surplus used or saved surplus water in three varying scenarios e.g. 329, 658 and 987 Rials. Needed data and information were obtained by referring to relevant organizations and 141 questionnaires completed via multi-stages cluster sampling method amid farmers of Kaboodarahng Plain during 2016-2017.Findings: The results showed no significant change in the area under cultivation by applying tax and subsidy policies per cubic meter of surplus water consumed or saved, while rather drives the cropping pattern towards certain crops e.g. barley, cucumber and watermelon. Also, the outcomes of the research proved that applying the foregoing policies, besides reducing water consumption would increase the gross profit of target farmers.Discussion and Conclusion: Applying tax and subsidy policies per cubic meter of used or saved surplus water could not only motivate farmers to reduce their water consumption but provide a good alternative to water pricing policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Improving Optical Fastness of Wool Yarn Dyed with Natural Dyes Prangos Ferulaceae by Rosemary Extract with an Emphasis on Environmentally Friendly Approach
Akhtaralsadat mousavi ahmad akbari hassan khatamiBackground and Objective: One of the main destructive factors in pale of color fibers is the high-energy ultraviolet radiation which causes chemical bonds to break and optically damages of organic structures. These days, due to the adverse effects of synthetic antioxida MoreBackground and Objective: One of the main destructive factors in pale of color fibers is the high-energy ultraviolet radiation which causes chemical bonds to break and optically damages of organic structures. These days, due to the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, the tendency to use natural antioxidants has been increased as they are not harmful for the environment or they harm the environment less than the synthetic antioxidants. The aim of this study is using rosemary extract with having antioxidant and environmentally friendly properties as a new application in protecting fiber against ultraviolet radiation.Method: In this study, the exposure time and antioxidants concentrations were optimized using rosemary extract. The color features of dyed wool samples under CIE (L* a* b*) color has been evaluated and presented by ΔE. Finally, physical changes in raw and treated fibers with natural antioxidant (rosemary) after dyeing using SEM test was conducted.Findings: In all the cases, the use of antioxidants brings about a relative improvement in protective properties of the samples against ultraviolet radiation. The samples treated with 0.01 and 0.03 of rosemary concentrations shows the best operation in the stability.Discussion and Conclusion: Overall, regarding the obtained results it can be concluded that it is possible to in the natural absorbents due to their environmental characteristics, being economical and available. In order to improve and expand the application of these materials and prevent contamination of the environment these antioxidants are important and should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Estimation of the model of factors affecting financial stability of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Amirali Bamzar Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour hossein Jahangirnia mozhgan safaAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to estimate the model of factors affecting financial stability in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method in terms of design was descriptive-analytical based on past events, field experiments, retrospe MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to estimate the model of factors affecting financial stability in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research method in terms of design was descriptive-analytical based on past events, field experiments, retrospective or causal after occurrence. A review of the literature, research, and interview results reveals five main themes that categorize the factors affecting financial stability in companies. In the following, the effect of these components on financial stability in companies is evaluated. For this purpose, the performance information of 130 companies that have been screened by the method of screening in the period 2015-2019. The results showed that, return on investment and profit to price ratio per share (from performance indicators), working capital (from resource management indicators), financial cost coverage (from financial structure indicators), instantaneous ratio (from indicators Liquidity indices) and institutional ownership (characteristics of the company) have a positive effect on the financial stability of companies. Also, receivables period (from resource management indicators), long-term debt ratio (from financial structure indicators), debt repayment period (from liquidity indicators) have had a negative impact on financial stability.key words: Financial stability, financial indicators, model estimation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigating the relation between Balloon Analogue Risk Task and financial risk aversion; evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeed Eslami Bidgoli Ali SetayeshiThis Study Introduces psychometric and psychological tools and their application in assessing individual decisions. In the following, the ability of the BART, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, in predicting the financial risk-taking level is measured. To support this claim, a MoreThis Study Introduces psychometric and psychological tools and their application in assessing individual decisions. In the following, the ability of the BART, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, in predicting the financial risk-taking level is measured. To support this claim, active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange has taken the BART test and their risk-taking level is measured by the test variables. Accordingly, the activity of these tested examiners will be observed during the next year in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Assuming the Beta stability, the participants' portfolio Beta will be the indicators of their financial risk-taking and their investment decisions.The outcome of the Study shows a meaningful relationship between the gained scores of the BART test as a general risk-taking indicator and the examiners' portfolio Beta as a risk-taking indicator. These results show that we can rely on this test (BART) as a tool to predict the investors' behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Examining the Effects of Securitization Process on Credit Risk and Banking Stability: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks in Iran
Mohammad Hossein Fatheh Sepideh GhaffariThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of securitization process on risking behavior and banking stability. In order to achieve this goal, 20 banks were studied under certain conditions in the period 2009 to 2013. Multivariate regression models were employe MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of securitization process on risking behavior and banking stability. In order to achieve this goal, 20 banks were studied under certain conditions in the period 2009 to 2013. Multivariate regression models were employed to analyze the data. The ratio of the converted assets to total assets is considered as the securitization index, the ratio of the balanced assets based on risk to the total assets is the credit risk index, and Z scores were used as banking stability index. The results of this study suggest that the securitization process has no significant effect on credit risk and bank stability among commercial banks of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - An analysis of the step of truth in the Holy Quran
Mozafar pour Sheikh Ali Andohjerdi Ali MahamedHaving steely will in doing things, which are called "step of truth" and "stability of step", directs the path of life on the orbit of dignity, pride and perseverance against individual troubles and social inequalities in all areas of jurisprudence, ideology and moralit MoreHaving steely will in doing things, which are called "step of truth" and "stability of step", directs the path of life on the orbit of dignity, pride and perseverance against individual troubles and social inequalities in all areas of jurisprudence, ideology and morality and brings peace of mind along with divine love, abundance of aliment, blessing, dignity and health for a person; To attain happiness in the divine path, in belief to faith, in strife to truth, in poverty to thank, in disease to health, in self-purification to refinement, and in the pursuit of knowledge to piety. The role of this moral virtue in influencing religious teachings is so serious that the evolution of religious components such as faith, piety and worship along with achieving success has been attributed to it and it has been interpreted as an essential element in the realization of faith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - تحلیل اقتصاد سیاسی بر ثبات اقتصادی با تأکید بر تحریم های جمهوری اسلامی ایران
عبدالرضا احمدی لنا عبدالخانى روحاله شهابى فریدون اکبرزاده -
Open Access Article
47 - تبیین مفروضههای فلسفی پژوهشهای کمی و کیفی در جغرافیای انسانی
احسان یاری اسکندر مرادی -
Open Access Article
48 - محلولپاشی پیش از برداشت برخی از اسیدهای آمینه بر ویژگیهای فیزیکوشیمیایی، آنزیمی و دوام عمر گل ژربرا(Gerbera jamesonii) رقم sorbet روی بوته
نجمه تاجیک الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
49 - Oath taking and its role in proving crime from the view point of jurisprudence and Iranian statute law
َAhmad porghasemi Esmat al-Sadat Tabatabaei LotfiQasāmah, i.e. Oath taking, is an approved procedure in the Islamic fiqh and law, which is applicable both to verify and nullify the crime in the case of invalidity or lack of crime proofs. The legitimacy of oath taking is based on the Islamic traditions and considering MoreQasāmah, i.e. Oath taking, is an approved procedure in the Islamic fiqh and law, which is applicable both to verify and nullify the crime in the case of invalidity or lack of crime proofs. The legitimacy of oath taking is based on the Islamic traditions and considering its prohibitive force in concern with concealed murders or unjustified accusation, it has been approved and established for immunity of the society and acting cautiously in regard with the lives of the people. The oath taking procedure was proposed by the jurists and it was approved in the criminal law with minor changes in 2013 and it includes issues such as the domain of usage, the quality of performing oath taking, number of oaths in voluntary and involuntary murders and in crimes other than murder, validity or invalidity of repeating oaths to achieve the threshold, repeating oath taking in case of involvement of multiple parties, the characteristics of the ones to take oath and the manner of oath taking. In the criminal law of 2013, a period of three month has been considered for oath taking by the claimant or the accused. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - A Comparative Study of Compulsory Insurance Law on Inflation in Islamic Jurisprudence and French Law
Mitra Shariatzadeh Abbas ArabKhazayeli SeyyedAsgari Hosseiny MoghadamThe aim of the present study is to compare the effect of coercion on the inflation insurance in the legal systems of Iran and France. Descriptive-analytical method was employed in the study and the results indicated that both countries, Iran and France, currently fail t MoreThe aim of the present study is to compare the effect of coercion on the inflation insurance in the legal systems of Iran and France. Descriptive-analytical method was employed in the study and the results indicated that both countries, Iran and France, currently fail to have a written law on compulsory inflation insurance; however, they are authorized to approve this law. Our country has formally recognized this necessity based on legal reasoning and found it easy to legislate. On the other hand, this law can come into force in France based on its Common Law system, if necessary. The findings of the study also show that formal recognition and provision of details in Iranian legal system is better than French legal system, so that it can be added as an article either to the Civil Code or insurance law; however, it has a time-consuming procedure. On the contrary, French legal system quickly recognizes supervisory structures independent of the legislature and the judiciary, and implements such a law that could protect individuals’ properties before an economic tsunami takes place. In fact, the only difference that matters between the two legal systems is speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Essence and Nature of International Agents from the View of International Relations Theories (Positivism, Moderate Approaches, and Post-Structuralism)
Majid Dashtgerd Vahab AbbasiThe subject of the essence and nature of international relations' agents is an ontological and philosophical discussion which deals with the analysis of the identity of public relations' agents and attempts to answer the following questions: Who are agents of internatio MoreThe subject of the essence and nature of international relations' agents is an ontological and philosophical discussion which deals with the analysis of the identity of public relations' agents and attempts to answer the following questions: Who are agents of international relations? And what purposes and intentions do they have? And how do they perceive the world of international relations and themselves? The main purpose of the present research is to review these issues from the view of triplet approaches in international relations, that is to say, positivism (neorealism, neoliberalism, and neoclassical realism), moderate approaches (constructivism, critical theory, and English school of international relations theory), and post-structuralism (postmodernism). Indeed the main research question of the present study is: What is the perception of triplet approaches in international relations about the essence and nature of international relations' agents? The research method relies on a sort of comparative and qualitative study as it is attempted to reinforce the research hypothesis and perspective using some experimental evidence and logical arguments. The results showed that positivists have reflected a pre-social attitude while moderate approaches have offered a social and historical view, and poststructuralists have represented a mobile and pluralistic perception of the essence of the international agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - طرحوارههای ناسازگار اولیه، باورهای غیرمنطقی در مورد رابطه و بی ثباتی ازدواج
فاطمه قره باغی هدی توکلی -
Open Access Article
53 - The effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success: The diating role of self efficacy among female managers of governmental organizations
Roodabeh Bakhtiyari seyedmohammadjavad mousavi nia Marziye Laghaei nasrin arshadiThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success through mediating role of self-efficacy. The research method is correlation of structural equation modeling and stat MoreThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success through mediating role of self-efficacy. The research method is correlation of structural equation modeling and statistical population was the female managers of governmental organizations in ahvaz that 120 managers were studied by available sampling method. Research tools include careers success questionnaire (Gattiker & Larwood, 1986), proactive personality scale (Seibert et al., 1999), cognitive abilities questionnaire (nejati, 1392), emotional stability taken from Big Five Questionnaire (Caprara et al., 1993) and self-efficacy scale (Sherer et al., 1982). Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling method. The findings showed that direct effect of proactive personality and self-efficacy on subjective career success and direct effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on self-efficacy were significant (p< 0/001). Also the indirect effect of proactive personality, cognitive abilities and emotional stability on subjective career success was significant with the mediating role of self-efficacy (p< 0/001). Based on this, it can be concluded that proactive personality, both directly and through self-efficacy, affects the subjective career success. In addition, cognitive abilities and emotional stability through mediating self-efficacy improve subjective career success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Relationship between Participation of Teachers In Dicision-Making and Performance of Managers
soraya gholamhosempooranvari sadegh malekiavarseenThe purpose of the research is to determine relationship between the participation of teachers and the performance of managers. Population of the study was all of the managers and teachers of high schools and guidance schools in , the sample of statistics was managers MoreThe purpose of the research is to determine relationship between the participation of teachers and the performance of managers. Population of the study was all of the managers and teachers of high schools and guidance schools in , the sample of statistics was managers and teachers, which were used through probability grouping. To investigate the hypothesis of the research the following tools: a questionnaire for evaluating participation of teachered which contains questions with choices. a questionnaire of managers performance which contains questions with choices. Correlation coefficient was used to analyze the conclusion of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study indicated that there is a significant relationship between the rate of teachers participation in decision making and variables such as managers performance and teachers stability, schools efficiency, teachers motivation and satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Identify and Rank the Factors Affecting the Instability of the Management of Football Clubs in the Premier League with a Sociological Approach
aref najafi Seyed Emad Hosseini Saeed AmirnejadAbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the instability of the management of football clubs in the Premier League. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive, applied survey. The statistical comprehensive of the stud MoreAbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the instability of the management of football clubs in the Premier League. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive, applied survey. The statistical comprehensive of the study included 100 Premier League managers, board of directors, coaches, players, members of the federation, and finally 86 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method (0.988). The relevant questionnaire consisted of 36 questions in four categories, the share of each question was nine questions. In order to analyze the research findings, two categories of descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. In the first part, descriptive analysis of data was performed in the form of frequency distribution tables. In the second part, inferential statistical methods (mean of a population (t test) and Friedman test) were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.Results: The results showed that the individual factors, the lack of expertise of managers and lack of experience, the functional factors, the lack of a comprehensive system for evaluating the performance of management and the non-sporting motives, the organizational factors, result-oriented and lack of meritocracy and finally, the environmental, political individuals football management and lack of independence of the exercise of the most important factors are the lack of stable management. Conclusion: Overall rating factors and organizational factors also showed that the average (3/31) and personal factors with the highest average (1/03) have the lowest impact on volatility management.Keywords: Management, uncertainty management, clubAbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors affecting the instability of the management of football clubs in the Premier League. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive, applied survey. The statistical comprehensive of the study included 100 Premier League managers, board of directors, coaches, players, members of the federation, and finally 86 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method (0.988). The relevant questionnaire consisted of 36 questions in four categories, the share of each question was nine questions. In order to analyze the research findings, two categories of descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. In the first part, descriptive analysis of data was performed in the form of frequency distribution tables. In the second part, inferential statistical methods (mean of a population (t test) and Friedman test) were used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.Results: The results showed that the individual factors, the lack of expertise of managers and lack of experience, the functional factors, the lack of a comprehensive system for evaluating the performance of management and the non-sporting motives, the organizational factors, result-oriented and lack of meritocracy and finally, the environmental, political individuals football management and lack of independence of the exercise of the most important factors are the lack of stable management. Conclusion: Overall rating factors and organizational factors also showed that the average (3/31) and personal factors with the highest average (1/03) have the lowest impact on volatility management.Keywords: Management, uncertainty management, club Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Self-knowledge: Necessity and Means of Achievement From Allameh Tabatabaei’s Viewpoint
Akram Rezaii Maryam Bakhtyar Seyed Jasem Pajouhandeh“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the tr More“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the true and celestial “self” of the human being, which is an immaterial, fixed, and remaining truth in all states and effects, in such a way that the human being does not need any proof or reasoning to prove it within themselves and he/she witnesses it with intuitive knowledge. Many scholars have had speeches about elaborating on this important subject in various epistemic areas, but the theory and attitude of mystic Allameh Tabatabaei in this respect (self-knowledge) are very precise and rich. This paper aims to achieve the above-mentioned subject through a descriptive-analytic way in his works. In this paper, we have achieved the following results: He believes that in order to enter and reach this path, one must use religious ways mentioned in religious sources such as self-judgment, meditation, silence, hunger, solitude, night vigil and so on in addition to diligence in worship. This way, because of self-attention gradually the four worlds of monotheism of actions, monotheism of attributes, monotheism of names and at the end monotheism in essence, will be revealed to the mystic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - اهمال کاری تحصیلی از دیدگاه تئوری انتساب: یک مرور کلی
Mehdi Haseli Songhori Kimiya Salamatiاهمال کاری تحصیلی یک مشکل رایج در بین دانشجویان است که با پیامدهای منفی مرتبط است. تاریخچه آن به دوران باستان باز می گردد، اما در دوران معاصر به دلیل تاکید بر زمان و کارایی بیشتر رواج یافته است. اهمال کاری تحصیلی نوع خاصی از اهمال کاری است که به دلیل حجم زیاد تکالیف و ض Moreاهمال کاری تحصیلی یک مشکل رایج در بین دانشجویان است که با پیامدهای منفی مرتبط است. تاریخچه آن به دوران باستان باز می گردد، اما در دوران معاصر به دلیل تاکید بر زمان و کارایی بیشتر رواج یافته است. اهمال کاری تحصیلی نوع خاصی از اهمال کاری است که به دلیل حجم زیاد تکالیف و ضرب الاجل در زمینه های تحصیلی در بین دانشجویان رایج است. نظریه انتساب یک چارچوب روانشناختی است که میتواند به ما کمک کند تا بفهمیم دانشجویان چگونه رفتار اهمالکاری خود و عواملی که به آن کمک میکنند را توضیح میدهند . اهمال کاری تحصیلی این سه بعد را شامل می شود: منبع کنترل، ثبات و کنترل پذیری. هر یک از ابعاد بر رفتار آینده افراد تأثیر می گذارد، از جمله اینکه آیا آنها یک کار را به تعویق می اندازند یا کامل می کنند. می توان پیش بینی کرد که افرادی که تمایل به اهمال کاری تحصیلی دارند ممکن است وظایف تحصیلی خود را به منبع کنترل بیرونی، علل پایدار و عواملی که خارج از کنترل آنها است نسبت دهند. در مقابل، افرادی که اهمال کاری نمی کنند احتمالاً وظایف تحصیلی خود را به منبع کنترل درونی، علل ناپایدار و عواملی که در کنترل آنها است نسبت می دهند. درک این نظریه ها می تواند به اساتید و دانشجویان کمک کند تا راهبردهایی برای غلبه بر اهمال کاری و بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی ایجاد کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - آیین دادرسی دعاوی توقف مالی
مریم سعید سید محسن جلالی شهری احمد تاجی -
Open Access Article
59 - اثبات نسب در حقوق ایران و مصر
علی اعلامی قره بلاغ ابوذر ابراهیمی ترکمان -
Open Access Article
60 - The effectiveness of Glaser's choice theory training on marital burnout and family instability in couples with military spouses
Eftekhar Ameri Aezam Vaziri-NasabIntroduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Glaser's Choice Theory training on marital burnout and family instability in couples with a military wife in Kerman.Method: The research method was semi-experimental with experimental and MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of Glaser's Choice Theory training on marital burnout and family instability in couples with a military wife in Kerman.Method: The research method was semi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all the couples who referred to family counseling centers in Kerman city in the first three months of 2012. 30 of them were selected as available and randomly replaced in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Glaser's choice theory training intervention was conducted in 8 weekly sessions for 90 minutes. In order to collect data, questionnaires of marital dissatisfaction and family instability were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics tests (mean and standard deviation) and univariate covariance analysis were used with SPSS version 24 software.Results: The results showed that Glaser's choice theory training had a significant effect on marital dissatisfaction and family stability in couples with military spouses (P<0.001). Eta square showed that Glaser's choice theory training explains 49% of changes in marital dissatisfaction and 58% of family instability in couples with military spouses.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it is suggested to use Glaser's choice theory training in reducing marital dissatisfaction and family instability in couples with military spouses.Extended Abstract Introduction: Many variables play a role in the emergence of marital conflicts and tensions and the desire for divorce. Job and job stress are considered as one of the most important factors affecting the health and functioning of the family. One of the jobs with high stress and special complexity are military jobs, which are combined with stress, being away from family and living in difficult conditions, and this stress creates significant consequences in the family environment. The existence of job requirements of military personnel (mission, training, guarding, etc.) is sometimes associated with the intolerance and dissatisfaction of their families, such as stress, conflicts, marital incompatibility. For this reason, some couples can't tolerate such conditions and finally they are satisfied with leaving their jobs or their family conditions lead to marital boredom, divorce and separation. Burnout is defined as a state of physical, emotional and mental fatigue that occurs in the conditions of long-term conflict with emotional demands. Another variable influencing the relationship between couples is family stability. The stability of married life is a situation in which couples enjoy relative peace and tranquility and bring love through mutual understanding and care and support each other without any intention to break their marriage and against any A relationship that does not have the mentioned characteristics leads to instability and unsustainability of married life. One of the effective treatments to reduce the psychological problems of couples is Glasser's choice theory training. Choice theory is about choosing better; But before that, each person should understand the reason for their bad choices. Choice theory states that it is we who choose all our actions, including our feelings of misery. Group reality therapy training is based on choice theory and its main goal is to motivate clients to take practical actions to change the current unwanted conditions. With the increase of marital conflicts in Iran and the high prevalence of psychological injuries as well as the importance of couples' communication with each other, it seems necessary to identify effective and efficient interventions in order to be more productive in the relationships between military spouses. Glaser's choice theory training has a significant effect on increasing compatibility and improving marital social-communicative skills. Considering what has been said and also the lack of research that has investigated all the variables of the current research in one study, therefore the current research aims to determine the effectiveness of Glaser's choice theory training on marital dissatisfaction and family instability in married couples. Kerman city military was carried out.Method: The research method was semi-experimental with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this research included all the couples who referred to family counseling centers in Kerman city in the first three months of 2012. 30 of them were selected as available and randomly replaced in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Glaser's choice theory training intervention was conducted in 8 weekly sessions for 90 minutes. In order to collect data, questionnaires of marital dissatisfaction and family instability were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics tests (mean and standard deviation) and univariate covariance analysis were used with SPSS version 24 software.Results: The results showed that Glaser's choice theory training had a significant effect on marital dissatisfaction and family stability in couples with military spouses (P<0.001). Eta square showed that Glaser's choice theory training explains 49% of changes in marital dissatisfaction and 58% of family instability in couples with military spouses. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, it is suggested to use Glaser's choice theory training in reducing marital dissatisfaction and family instability in couples with military spouses. In explaining these findings, it can be said that marital dissatisfaction occurs when they realize that despite all their efforts, their relationship has not and will not give meaning to life. Because communication skills reduce the negative aspects of interpersonal relationships and create satisfaction and positive attitude, therefore it reduces apathy and apathy. Among the applications of Glaser's choice theory methods are strengthening self-confidence and self-respect, equipping people with tools and methods to deal with environmental and psychological pressures, helping to strengthen and develop friendly, useful and healthy relationships, improving the level of healthy and useful social behaviors. Is. If the way of communicating with people-clients-is intimate, friendly and positive, the times of life and work will be pleasant, and on the contrary, if the type of this communication is hostile and combined with negative emotions, it will make it exhausting to bear every moment of it. Glaser's reality therapy teaches couples the correct way to interact, reduces frustration and violence, and increases the stability of the family, so it can be concluded that Glaser's choice theory techniques are effective in increasing the stability of the couple's family. Among the limitations of this research, it can be said that the subjects were couples with military spouses from Kerman city, which should be cautious in generalizing the results. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested to use choice theory training for couples with other psychological problems. It is suggested to study the effect of teaching choice theory in civilian couples as well as in the early years of life.Keywords: Glaser's choice theory, marital dissatisfaction, family instability, couples, military.AcknowledgementsWe hereby thank and appreciate all the participants in this research. FundingGlaser's choice theory training had a significant effect on the marital dissatisfaction and family instability in couples with military spouses. Ethics approval and consent to participateThis article is taken from the master's thesis of the first author with the cooperation of respected professors, advisors and advisors, and has been approved by the ethics committee of the Islamic Azad University, Kerman branch with the number IR.IAU.KERMAN.REC.1402.089.Conflict interestsAccording to the authors, this article has no financial sponsor or conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The effectiveness of Treatment based on reducing extramarital relationships on marriage instability and family functioning in couples
zakieh nasiri Nazanin Honarparvaran Fatemeh Javadzadeh Shahshahani Javadzadeh Shahshahani Siamak SamaniAim: The extramarital relationships damage the emotional security and trust of the couple, and victims of betrayal experience strong negative emotions in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of extramarital relationship treatment o MoreAim: The extramarital relationships damage the emotional security and trust of the couple, and victims of betrayal experience strong negative emotions in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of extramarital relationship treatment on marital instability and family functioning in couples. Methods: The design of the semi-experimental research was pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all couples with extramarital relationships who referred to Khomeinishahr city counseling centers in the year 2021. Sixteen couples were selected as a sample through purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into an experimental group (8 couples) and a control group (8 couples). The intervention group underwent 90-minute extramarital relationship treatment in 11 sessions and in a group once a week, but no action was taken in the case of the control group. The Edward, Johnson and Alan Booth's Marital Instability Questionnaire (1987) and Epstein, Baldwin and Bishop's Family Functioning Questionnaire (1950) were applied to them. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis using SPSS version 23 software. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The results of covariance analysis indicated that the treatment based on reducing extramarital relationships had an effect on marital instability (F= 49.24) and family functioning (F= 17.58) in couples (P<0.001). The amount of this effect in the marriage instability variable based on the square of the eta coefficient was 0.57 and in the family function variable it was 0.31.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the treatment of extramarital relationships can be used to reduce the problems of couples and increase the stability of their lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Validation of the model of the antecedents and consequences of the transfer of managers in Mashhad municipality
saeed bizhani Aval hamid rezaiefar mohammad mohammadi mahdi mahmodzadehThe category of stability and transfer of managers is very effective in achieving the goals and missions of any organization. Therefore,one of the missions of researchers in the field of management is to investigate this issue, therefore, the present research was prepar MoreThe category of stability and transfer of managers is very effective in achieving the goals and missions of any organization. Therefore,one of the missions of researchers in the field of management is to investigate this issue, therefore, the present research was prepared and compiled with the aim of validating the model of the antecedents and consequences of the transfer of managers in Mashhad municipality. The statistical population was 300 middle and executive managers of Mashhad Municipality, which was estimated to be196 based on Morgan's table. The sampling method is simple random, and the data collection tool is made with the help of a researcher-made questionnaire. To measure the validity of the questionnaire,in addition to face and content validity, confirmatory factor analysis was used and to measure the reliability of the questionnaire,Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used,which was more than0.7 In the data analysis, descriptive statistical methods were used(frequency tables and column charts)and in inferential statistics, Cronbach's alpha test,confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation method have been used to investigate the research questions with the help of spss software and PLS software. The model fit indices also indicated the appropriate quality of the model. At the end,while explaining the various aspects of the antecedents and positive and negative consequences of the transfer of managers,practical suggestions have been presented in these dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - "Justification" or "Refutation" a Stady the Role of experience in Experimental Science
Mohammad hossein GanjiDistinguishing empirical knowledge from non-empirical knowledge is one of the important issues of epistemology.The criterion for distinguishing "science" from non-empirical knowledge actually goes back to determining the role of experience in science. The traditional an MoreDistinguishing empirical knowledge from non-empirical knowledge is one of the important issues of epistemology.The criterion for distinguishing "science" from non-empirical knowledge actually goes back to determining the role of experience in science. The traditional and inductive view considers the role of experience to confirm scientific statements.From this point of view, a scientific theorem is a theorem that can be confirmed and finally proved by an experimental method. The famous philosopher of science, Karl Popper, at the beginning of the 20th century, proposed the criterion of "falsifiability" as a criterion for distinguishing "science" from other types of knowledge.In the present article, the author tries to reveal the epistemological result of his opinion by referring to some of the criticisms that have been made to Popper's theory, that in experimental science, neither definite proof nor definite refutation is possible. This important point is an emphasis on the hypothetical nature of experimental science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Designing an Integrative Pathological Model and Treatment and Determining Its Effectiveness on Emotional Instability among People with Borderline Personality Traits: A Mixed Study
Zeinab Zakerzadeh Mohsen Golparvar Asghar AghaeiPurpose: Borderline personality characteristics can cause many problems in the life of people with these characteristics. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to design an integrative pathological model and treatment and determining its effectiveness on emotiona MorePurpose: Borderline personality characteristics can cause many problems in the life of people with these characteristics. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to design an integrative pathological model and treatment and determining its effectiveness on emotional instability among borderline individuals. Methodology: The present study is a mixed research (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative stage, Clarke & Braun (2006) thematic analysis approach was used. The context of the research in qualitative stage was the texts related to borderline individuals’ injuries, sample size was the 25 reference texts that were selected in a purposeful manner. At this stage, after extracting the spectrum of injuries with the use of specialized panel group, the required treatments for the spectrum of injuries were determined and an integrated treatment package with an agreement coefficient of 0.94 was designed. In the quantitative stage a semi-experimental design with two groups and three stages (pre-test, post-test and follow up) was used. In the quantitative stage, from 70 persons with borderline personality characteristics, 30 persons were selected based on criteria of entry and then randomly assigned in an experimental and a control group (each group with 15 person). The group of integrated oriented therapy received 15 sessions of treatment and the control group did not receive any treatment. Emotional instability scale was used to measure the dependent variable in the pretest, post-test and follow up. Data in qualitative stage were analyzed by thematic analysis and in quantitative stage were analyzed by Chi square test, repeated measure analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test trough SPSS 24 software. Findings: The findings of the qualitative stage for designing integrative therapy package indicated five categories of injuries including emotional and behavioral vulnerability, perceptual and cognitive vulnerability, identity vulnerability, social vulnerability and physical vulnerability for individuals with borderline personality characteristics. In the quantitative stage, the results showed that there isn’t a significant difference between the integrated oriented therapy and control groups in emotional instability in post-test (P=0.205). But in the follow-up phase, it significantly reduced emotional instability (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings and according to the spectrum of five integrated injuries of individuals with borderline personality characteristics, integrated oriented therapy can be considered as a therapeutic approach for emotional instability of borderline individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Developing a Network Model of Marital Stability Using Literature Review
Afrooz Hosseinpour Majid Barzegar Hossein Baghooli Maryam ZarnaghashPurpose: The aim of the present study was to identify the factors affecting marital stability using literature review. Methodology: The current research is of a qualitative type and it tried to develop a model in the field of marital stability by using literature revie MorePurpose: The aim of the present study was to identify the factors affecting marital stability using literature review. Methodology: The current research is of a qualitative type and it tried to develop a model in the field of marital stability by using literature review. Therefore, the collection of articles published inside and outside the country, which were in the field of marital stability, was examined. A network model was developed and its validation was checked with focus groups using the fuzzy Delphi method. Findings: The analysis of the articles indicated the extraction of 9 main variables of forgiveness, flexibility, emotion regulation, love and affection, communication skills, common goals and meaning, marital commitment, sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy that all of which affected marital stability and overshadowed the desired functioning of the family as a result. Conclusion: Considering that the existence of complex relationships between the variables affecting marital stability in the form of a network model was confirmed by the team of research experts, therefore it is necessary for family therapists, counselors and psychologists active in the field of marriage and family, in the therapeutic interventions they provide to their clients; Pay attention to the communication network presented in this research, because based on it, it is possible to predict the success or failure of an intervention, thus preventing the wastage of consultation and treatment costs for clients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - بررسی موانع توسعه سرمایهگذارگذاری زیر بنایی در کشوری زیر بنایی در کشو
مهرداد وفا غلامرضا معمارزاده طهران -
Open Access Article
67 - تجزیه و تحلیل معیارهای ارزیابی سلامت و ثبات نظام بانکی با استفاده از تکنیک دیمتل
شیوا قاسمپور محمدجواد سلیمی محمدحسن ابراهیمی سرو علیا مهدی ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
68 - بررسی تأثیرویژگیهای شخصیتی کارکنان بر پیشرفت شغلی )مطالعه موردی:اداره گمرک تبریز(
سلیمان ایرانزاد نسیم جابری خسروشاهی -
Open Access Article
69 - Investigating the Effectiveness f Counseling Based on Extramarital Relationships on Marital Instability in Couples with Extramarital Relationships
زکیه نصیری نازنین هنرپروران فاطمه جواد زاده شهشهانی سیامک سامانیAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based onextramarital relationships on marital instability in couples with extramarital relationships.The research design was semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with a control group. Th MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based onextramarital relationships on marital instability in couples with extramarital relationships.The research design was semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test with a control group. Thestatistical population included all couples with extramarital relationships who referred tocounseling centers in Shiraz in 2021. 32 couples were selected as a sample by purposivesampling and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (16 couples) and a controlgroup (16 couples). The intervention group underwent 60-minute extramarital relationshiptherapy in 11 sessions, once a week but no action was taken on the control group. Theresearch tools of marriage instability were Edward, Johnson and Alan Booth (1987). Dataanalysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and univariatecovariance analysis using SPSS version 23 software. It showed that the treatment ofextramarital relationships had an effect on the stability of marriage in unfaithful couples (P< 0.001). According to the results of this research, the treatment of extramaritalrelationships can be used to reduce the problems of couples and increase the stability oftheir lives through increasing the individual's insight into himself and the awareness of whymarital infidelity occurs and escalates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - بررسی رابطه بین بیثباتی ازدواج با مشکلات رفتاری برونسازی شده و خودکارآمدی کودکان
مریم غلامحسینی محسن مشکبید حقیقی -
Open Access Article
71 - Challenges in high school curriculum development within 1375-1385
ebrahim miyanjiThe present study aims at identifying the challenges in high school curriculum development within 1375-1385 under two major categories: human related variables and non-human variables. The latter include management instability, lack of curriculum exper MoreThe present study aims at identifying the challenges in high school curriculum development within 1375-1385 under two major categories: human related variables and non-human variables. The latter include management instability, lack of curriculum experts, an increasing demand for education, lack of coordination in administration, centralized policy making, lack of continuous evaluation, lack of access to information on the part of planners. The former include inappropriate schedule, ineffective budget planning, and inadequate facilities. Data gathering instrument was a researcher-made instrument. The statistica population included all heads of education department, curriculum developers, university professors who were Ph.D. holders with at least 20 years of experience. A sample of 90 was selected. The reliability of the instrument was determined to be 0.96. Based on the results, it is recommended that strategic management be given attention. Social and economic conditions should also be made more favourable to attract elites. Effective information data bases are also needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigating the impact of the components of the managers' social responsibility model on political stability in Iran's government organizations
Naimeh Morsali Morteza Mousakhani Seyed Mehdi Alvani, Ali Badi Zadeh -
Open Access Article
73 - A Comparative Study of the Certificate and its Positive Value in the Iranian and British Legal Systems
mohammad zaman qorban amraji jamshid yahyapour -
Open Access Article
74 - The Impact of Economic Fluctuations on the Political Stability of Iran
khosro Mehralian Beytollah Divsalar Fakhrollah MolaiIn this article, with a sociological approach, the political-security consequences of the security model of the balance of power on creating political instability in the countries of the region at both domestic and foreign levels are examined. Also, the principles of th MoreIn this article, with a sociological approach, the political-security consequences of the security model of the balance of power on creating political instability in the countries of the region at both domestic and foreign levels are examined. Also, the principles of the impact of economic fluctuations on instability and the effects of the intensity and weakness of economic fluctuations should be investigated. The question that arises is to what extent do economic fluctuations affect Iran's political instability? Economic fluctuations seem to affect instability and cause a crisis in Iran. The extent and intensity of economic fluctuations can have different effects on the instability of the country. Of course, external threats and pressure, and internal vulnerabilities are two important factors that were identified in the emergence of political instability in the country. The research is conducted by using analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Designing an Organizational Resilience Model in Government-owned banks
Davood Abolhasani Sirous Tadbiri Maryam MadjidiGovernmental organizations now recognize the importance of organizational flexibility in a crisis. This study aimed to develop an organizational resilience model in state-owned banks, with particular emphasis on the Iran Melli Bank, using an interpretive paradigm and a MoreGovernmental organizations now recognize the importance of organizational flexibility in a crisis. This study aimed to develop an organizational resilience model in state-owned banks, with particular emphasis on the Iran Melli Bank, using an interpretive paradigm and a grounded theory approach. Nineteen experts were interviewed in a targeted manner until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were analyzed via open, axial, and selective coding. Melli Bank's organizational resilience paradigm model includes 128 open codes consisting of the core phenomenon seven codes, causal conditions 54 codes, contextual conditions 27 codes, intervening conditions ten codes, strategies 13 codes, and consequences 17 codes. The core phenomenon was Bank Melli's resilience, including two subcategories: customer-centric performance and positive trait. It was influenced by the causal conditions involving human resources characteristics, financial capability, inter-organizational social capital, technical knowledge capabilities, environmental knowledge, knowledge management, organizational capabilities, inter-organizational capabilities, and contextual conditions such as macro forces, banking factors, and industry factors. The development of resilience was possible through behavioral, economic-financial, and technical mechanisms influenced by the bank manager's intervening conditions and the employees' characteristics. The resilience also had the consequences of good performance with quick response, saving the bank's life, and impacting the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Study Of Management Stability’’s Effects On Staff Professionalism Towards An Approach To Meritocracy Target Group
Behrooz Rezaeemanesh Omid Sarabi Jafar AbbaspourEfficient and professional manpower, major indexes lead an organization than other organizations because, Manpower Professional is the most important resource of any organization. The main objective of this study was to determine the role and impact of management stabil MoreEfficient and professional manpower, major indexes lead an organization than other organizations because, Manpower Professional is the most important resource of any organization. The main objective of this study was to determine the role and impact of management stability on the professionalism of the staff by merit in the General Directorate of Education in Illam province, The estimated sample using Cochran formula is 132 office workers. The aim of this study is applied and descriptive data gathering method - is survey.. To collect data, a questionnaire containing 29 questions about the stability of management, meritocracy and professionalism were used. In ensuring the validity of teachers and in order to determine the reliability of Cronbakh's alpha was used, the results show that 87% is an acceptable reliability. Also according to that data were normally distributed, regression, multivariate data analysis using spss software was used. Research findings indicate approved the main theory it is five hypothesis. The results showed that the stable management through meritocracy significant impact on the professionalism of the employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Relationship between Employees' Perceived Trust in Managers and Employees Performance (Case Study: Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch)
Fatemeh FarajianTrust is an important aspect of human relations, paving the way for the participation and cooperation among society members. Trust is the master key in management and a challenging issue facing today and tomorrow‘s managers. Drawing on Robbins perspective, this st MoreTrust is an important aspect of human relations, paving the way for the participation and cooperation among society members. Trust is the master key in management and a challenging issue facing today and tomorrow‘s managers. Drawing on Robbins perspective, this study elaborates on t trust and dimensions of trust and to show the impact on the performance of trust Kreitner model was used. The staff and managers in Qazvin Azad University participated as research population in this study. Research type is applied research and research method is correlation and associational research method. Data collection method has been surveying method (Using questionnaire with questionnaire validity being evaluated and confirmed by type Likert and questionnaire reliability being n evaluated and confirmed by Coronbach‘ alpha) and scientific and specialized library method. For information analysis, statistical descriptive and inferential methods were used. It was concluded that there are significant relationship between dimensions of trust and employees performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Implications of the Cash Component of Earnings for Earnings Persistence and Stock Returns in Firms Listed in Tehran Stock.
Ahad JanAbadi Morteza MotavasselConsidering the fact that income is a base for decision marking , entitled individual predictions and its effect on firm’s stock return , this research studies relevance of income components to stock return and income persistency . Hypotheses test is conducted usi MoreConsidering the fact that income is a base for decision marking , entitled individual predictions and its effect on firm’s stock return , this research studies relevance of income components to stock return and income persistency . Hypotheses test is conducted using a panel data sample of 132 firms of Tehran stock Exchange during 2009 to 2015 . The results of first hypothesis show that , unlike previous researches findings , accruals persistency component is more than cash component . The results of second hypothesis show that , again unlike previous researches findings, net payments to lenders has more persistency than net payments to stock holders . The results of third hypothesis indicate that cash components of earning have a positive significant effect on. In addition , the findings show that operating income do not specify stock return. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Relationship between Controlling Behaviors and Marital Instability in Female Teachers’ of Kerman Schools
Ali Pourrajab Mitra KamyabiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between controlling behaviors and marital instability. The research was a descriptive Correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all female teachers in the 2nd district of Kerman ci MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between controlling behaviors and marital instability. The research was a descriptive Correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all female teachers in the 2nd district of Kerman city. From them, 60 people were selected randomly according to the Cochran formula. Participants responded to Graham, Kuam and Archers’ Controlling Behaviors (2005) and Johnson & Booths’ (1980) Marital Instability Questionnaires. For data analysis, multivariate regression and Pearson correlation tests were used. Findings showed that all dimensions of controlling behavior (economic control, threatening control, control through scaring, emotional control, control through isolation and control through children) are related to marital instability. The The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between controlling behaviors and marital instability. The research was a descriptive Correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all female teachers in the 2nd district of Kerman city. From them, 60 people were selected randomly according to the Cochran formula. Participants responded to Graham, Kuam and Archers’ Controlling Behaviors (2005) and Johnson & Booths’ (1980) Marital Instability Questionnaires. For data analysis, multivariate regression and Pearson correlation tests were used. Findings showed that all dimensions of controlling behavior (economic control, threatening control, control through scaring, emotional control, control through isolation and control through children) are related to marital instability. most important predictors are emotional control, control through isolation, control through scaring, child control, threatening control and economic respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - رابطه باورهای ارتباطی و میزان بی ثباتی ازدواج در زنان و مردان متأهل
حسین صاحبدل علی رضا جمشیدی زینب شکوری -
Open Access Article
81 - The Relationship between Economic Instability with Economic and Social Development in Iran
Mohammad Reza Nahidi AmirkhizLooking at the state of the economy after the Islamic Revolution, especially in recent decades, the relative balance of our economy has become an important issue. Sudden changes in important indices such as inflation, exchange rates, exports and imports and unemployment MoreLooking at the state of the economy after the Islamic Revolution, especially in recent decades, the relative balance of our economy has become an important issue. Sudden changes in important indices such as inflation, exchange rates, exports and imports and unemployment are the proof of this claim and indicate the lack of integrated and consistent economic policies. These factors are among the factors that governments seek to control them to achieve three targets of allocation, distribution and economic stability. In macroeconomic literature, these phenomena are regarded as indicators of economic instability which has impact on economic growth and development. In this paper, the effect of instability parameters on Iran's economic and social development has been studied during the period 1979-2013 using time series data and Vector Auto Regression Model (VAR). The results confirmed the affectability of the economic development from above factors and make clear the attention to these factors in relation to trade policy and economic saga. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - the Rule of Dara’ and the and the rule of its application
نجمه نبوتیThe Rule of Dara’ is one of the most important rules of criminal jurisprudence, which has been established in the Islamic penal code and is also enforceable in the Iranian criminal law. The rule has been explicitly adopted by the legislator since the 2013 amendmen MoreThe Rule of Dara’ is one of the most important rules of criminal jurisprudence, which has been established in the Islamic penal code and is also enforceable in the Iranian criminal law. The rule has been explicitly adopted by the legislator since the 2013 amendments to the Islamic Penal Code. The purport of this rule is that, if there is any doubt or ignorance about the judgment of subject (examples of confusion) on behalf of the accused or any doubt about the attribution of criminal act on the behalf of the judge or about the conditions of criminal responsibility, the criminal responsibility and punishment are no longer under consideration. The present research seeks to articulate the concepts of the rule of Dara’ and the criterion of confusion and doubt about the three elements of crime; in this way, it states the cases in which the existing confusion results in the application of the rule of Dara’. It should be noted that in the Islamic jurisprudence, the basis of the criterion of confusion is the rule of Dara’ which has many channels. The "confusion" also refers to the confusion in practice the owner of which can be a judge or a defendant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The Rule of Legislation of Oath and its Effectiveness in the Present Age
Farid Najafnia Mohammadreza Shirazi Abbas SamavatiNowadays, due to the advancement of technology and scientific and practical skills of criminologists, the detection of crime and criminals has been facilitated. The implementation of oath for proving guilt or innocence is criticized by jurists but has been accepted from MoreNowadays, due to the advancement of technology and scientific and practical skills of criminologists, the detection of crime and criminals has been facilitated. The implementation of oath for proving guilt or innocence is criticized by jurists but has been accepted from the perspective of the religion of Islam because of the importance it attaches to the lives of human beings and the security of Islamic society. The results of the present study indicate that despite the arguments presented by the proponents and opponents of the use of oath in the current era, in Iran, new arguments to replace oath have not yet found their proper importance and position, and therefore, new and alternative arguments are not included in the Islamic Penal Code for an independent reason; Rather, in the form of specialized expertise and as a judicial evidence, it can ultimately provide the judge with knowledge about the correctness and validity of the subject matter, and the judicial courts still resort to swearing in cases of presumption. The author uses a descriptive-analytical method to identify the rules of oath legislation and also its efficiency or inefficiency despite the new arguments in the present era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Study of the Impact of Banking System on Iran's Economic Stability
Mohammad Reza Tavangar ahmad azin Masoud Jafari NejadThis article, while analyzing economic stability and its indices, explains the variables and components influenced by the policies and functions of the banking system as the most important of the political-economic system that influences the economic stability of the IR MoreThis article, while analyzing economic stability and its indices, explains the variables and components influenced by the policies and functions of the banking system as the most important of the political-economic system that influences the economic stability of the IR.I. This influences are due to the widespread communication at the community, the impact on cash flow, capital in the society; the possibility of corruption, rents, bribery, embezzlement, money laundering, financing of terrorism; payment of bank facilities and provision of production capital and trade, transfer the funds of trading transactions, managing and directing resources allocation in the form of various contracts, direct and indirect effects on the exchange rate, interest, inflation and etc, play a role in stabilizing or stimulating economic instability. In this research, while confirming that, there is a direct and cross-correlation relationship between the implementation of financial-economic policies of the banking system and the economic stability of the IR.I, the results investigated by using integrated methods by qualitative content analysis method to identify and select the variables of economic stability, and the impact and effect of the banking system in order to improve quantitative methods and then use the Delphi technique and group consensus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigating the effects of monetary policy on financial stability in 9 emerging economies of Asia
Alla Asgharzadeh Farhad Rahbar Mir-Hossein MousaviIn recent decades, the emergence and spread of financial crises on the economies of many countries has shown its direct and indirect effects. Therefore, in order to deal with this crisis, it is necessary to adopt a systematic policy in all countries that have been direc MoreIn recent decades, the emergence and spread of financial crises on the economies of many countries has shown its direct and indirect effects. Therefore, in order to deal with this crisis, it is necessary to adopt a systematic policy in all countries that have been directly or indirectly affected. Although these countries need to make financial adjustments to overcome the crisis, the severity of these adjustments depends on the specific economic conditions of the countries. In monetary policy, the central bank and financial systems play an important role in economic development. One example is the allocation of resources over time between different investments. The correct view of the financial system allows the economy to achieve a high level of growth, provided that other macroeconomic conditions are stable. This study, in the form of method innovation, has proposed an alternative method for measuring financial instability, which is based on factor analysis of various indicators.Accordingly,using statistical methods and econometric models, including the "dynamic panel model", the relationship between monetary policy and the index of financial instability in some emerging Asian countries during the period 2018-2007 has been evaluated. The results of this evaluation and pattern fit show a negative relationship between central bank monetary policy and financial instability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Impact of Political Violence and Terror on Political Changes in the Pahlavi Period
ali fallahi saifoddin ali fallahnejhadHistorical changes are shaped by peaceful and violent events such as reform, revolution, social movements, coups, and Rebellion. Terror is a method of violent change that, depending on the strength and stability of political structures, has different effects on the cour MoreHistorical changes are shaped by peaceful and violent events such as reform, revolution, social movements, coups, and Rebellion. Terror is a method of violent change that, depending on the strength and stability of political structures, has different effects on the course of change.Political violence is both the cause and effect of the obstruction or lack of publicly accepted and institutionalized political structures within societies. In the absence of mechanisms for the peaceful settlement of disputes within societies, Disagreements lead to conflict and are resolved outside the consensus framework by violent meansPolitical violence in Iran, despite its long history, has emerged in new forms since the constitutional movement, influenced by domestic and foreign historical developments, and has become one of the most common methods of political action by expelled or out-of-power groups.The ideological roots of groups prone to violence, especially misinterpretations of Islam and the belief in the effectiveness of armed struggle, along with the political and structural obstruction of peaceful participation in contemporary Iran, have made violence a seemingly effective tool for advancing their political goals.The main issue of this study is to examine the impact of the use of violence as a method of political action on the course of historical changes in Iran in the second Pahlavi periodTherefore, in this article, relying on analytical-descriptive method, the process of formation of political violence and the use of terror in contemporary Iran and its impact on the changes of the second Pahlavi period has been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Building of a Secure Society as a Stability Strategy for the Relation of Iran and Persian Gulf Nations
Armin Amini Zahra MahmoudiThe main question in this article is whether there is any possibility of building a secure society in the relation of Iran and that of nations in the Persian Gulf region? The secondary question addressed in this article is what type of secure society (tightly or loosely MoreThe main question in this article is whether there is any possibility of building a secure society in the relation of Iran and that of nations in the Persian Gulf region? The secondary question addressed in this article is what type of secure society (tightly or loosely coupled) would lead to a secure society and what are the nature and impact of three phases of developments: nascent ,ascent and mature on the emergence of a secure society in the region? Hypothesis presented in this research is that with the realization of active and potential elements as an opportunity in the creation of possibility of fostering good relations among Persian Gulf nations and also a shared understanding of threats faced these nations of the region then a serious effort for building intra trust and elimination of the grounds of conflict will emerge which could lead to the materialization of a secure society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - aa
mojtaba ostovar amir houshang mirkoushesh ali mohammadzadehaa -
Open Access Article
89 - بررسی میزان همبستگی بین سبک نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی وجنسیت و شخصیت آنان
بیوک بهنام بهروز عزبدفتری شیما احمدی آزاد نحوه ی کاربرد کلمات توسط افراد مختلف میتواند نشان دهنده ی فرایندهای مختلف روان شناختی از قبیل تفکر، احساس، ادراک، و شخصیت آنها باشد. در این مقاله با تکیه بر عوامل جنسیت و دو بعد مهم شخصیتی ( برونگرایی- درونگرایی و روان رنجوری- ثبات هیجانی)، که از طریق تست ش More نحوه ی کاربرد کلمات توسط افراد مختلف میتواند نشان دهنده ی فرایندهای مختلف روان شناختی از قبیل تفکر، احساس، ادراک، و شخصیت آنها باشد. در این مقاله با تکیه بر عوامل جنسیت و دو بعد مهم شخصیتی ( برونگرایی- درونگرایی و روان رنجوری- ثبات هیجانی)، که از طریق تست شخصیتی آیزنک (نسخه ی اصلاح شده) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند، به بررسی میزان ارتباط بین سبک نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی و جنسیت و شخصیت آنها پرداخته شده است. مفهوم معنای صریح (رسمی) در مقابل معنای ضمنی (وابسته به قراین) بعنوان مهمترین عوامل تنوع زبانی تلقی شده اند. برای اندازه گیری صراحت زبانی (رسمیت) ، بر اساس فراوانی انواع مختلف کلمات، از یک روش تجربی استفاده شده است. اسم، صفت، حرف اضافه، و حرف تعریف در سبک زبانی صریح فراوانی بیشتری دارند و ضمیر، قید، فعل، و ندا در سبک زبانی ضمنی تکرار بیشتری دارند. فراوانی کلمات احساسی مثبت و منفی توسط برنامه ی بررسی زبانی و شمارش کلمات ارزیابی گردیدند. نتیجه ی این تحقیق هیچ رابطه ی معناداری را بین این متغیرها نشان نداد؛ دلیل آن را میتوان تاثیر دیگر عوامل غیر زبانی تعیین کننده ی صراحت مانند موقعیت و میزان تحصیلات دانست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Acquittal Principle in Theological Thinking and the Presumption of Innocence in European Thinking
ali ghorbani jafar movahediNoticing the freedom and security of people underlies all principles which European law determines for this reason in European thinking, presumptions and principles guarantee personal rights and freedom. This kind of thinking has created a person-based system in which a MoreNoticing the freedom and security of people underlies all principles which European law determines for this reason in European thinking, presumptions and principles guarantee personal rights and freedom. This kind of thinking has created a person-based system in which all principles circle around the person on the other hand, in Islamic law school of thought, all principles circle around the existence of God, so the kind of thinking here is God-given in other words, it is God who determines all principles, these principles may be in accordance to personal rights and freedom or contrary to it. Having this in mind, how can one say that the acquittal principle in Islamic Law, which has a theological background and is based on God-based thinking, has similar bases, functions, and domains to the presumption of innocence in European criminal law having a European background and based on a person-based thinking. So each of these concepts leads to the creation of a different hearing process such that the acquittal principle will no longer have the expected applications and in another hearing process the presumption of innocence may have no application at all. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Research In the spiritual element of the Prophet's (PBUH) crime
Arjang Ardovan hossin- haghanhiThe spiritual element, along with the legal element, is considered as one of the elements of criminal responsibility. The spiritual element of the crime (criminal intent) usually and often does not have a physical appearance. Verification of this element is more importa MoreThe spiritual element, along with the legal element, is considered as one of the elements of criminal responsibility. The spiritual element of the crime (criminal intent) usually and often does not have a physical appearance. Verification of this element is more important in some crimes, especially in the crime of sab al-nabi, which is punishable by death. In the crime of blasphemy, the general intention is the will and intention of insulting, which of course mockery, anger, drunkenness and reluctance are violators of this will and intention, and relatively and with conditions, they are amenable to the death penalty, although in some cases, Ta'zir punishment is not removed. In the case of special malice, because sabba is a kind of insult, its specific intention is to humiliate and humiliate. This research has investigated the jurisprudence of the general intention and the specific intention of this crime and also takes a critical look at the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The conflict and justification of the reversal of the burden of proof in money laundering with the principles and rules of jurisprudence
abolfazl alishahi Mahdiyah MaaliMoney laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential docum MoreMoney laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential documentation is not well clarified and at the first glance, it seems to be in conflict with some jurisprudential principles and rules among which is the burden of proof process. In criminal lawsuits, the prosecuting attorney basically proves the cause, and based on this, one is obliged to prove the elements of the alleged crime. But this issue is reversed in the crime of money laundering and the burden of proving the legality of the obtained money is placed on the accused. Therefore, apparently, the process of prosecution, trial, and proof of a crime is in conflict with such fundamental rules as the rule of "Al-Bina Ala Al-Mada'i", the rule of "Yad", the principle of "quietus" and the principle of "authenticity". In this regard, the text of the amendment of the Anti-Money Laundering Law approved in 2017 states that the legislator has paid attention to this point, and in notes 1 and 3 of article 2 of this law, he considers the meaning of knowledge to be the same as the knowledge of a judge as stated in the Islamic Penal Code. Therefore, if the meaning of suspicion is close to judge knowledge in this law, relying on the evidence of the authority of the judge's knowledge, the crime can be easily proven, and the issue of reversal of the burden of proof is eliminated. And, if a problem is stated that the strength of the evidence of suspicion is close to the knowledge, it does not reach the level of knowledge of a judge. Here, with the objectivity of suspicion and the incompleteness of its evidence, the mentioned conflict will be created, which must be resolved. The leading research with jurisprudential and principled approach and with descriptive-analytical method has expressed and resolved the mentioned conflicts and finally, the non-conflict of these rules has been concluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - A Reflection on the Challenges of Martyrdom in Iranian Judicial System
Abbasali Daroei Hasan Eskandari hossein eskandariAlthough the legislature, by deleting Article 1309 of the Civil Code, has limited the probative power of testimony, and for this reason, today any claim can be proved by testimony, but testimony in terms of validity of the result, due to the weakness of different powers MoreAlthough the legislature, by deleting Article 1309 of the Civil Code, has limited the probative power of testimony, and for this reason, today any claim can be proved by testimony, but testimony in terms of validity of the result, due to the weakness of different powers in understanding events, including power of sight, hearing and memory and the effects of external factors on testimony such as bribery, threats, media, etc. are questionable and also face obstacles in terms of qualifying; conditions such as justice, faith, etc., which are very difficult to prove. That is the reason why the legislator in Article 241 of the Code of Civil Procedure has provided the courts with the recognition of the value and effects of testimony so that even when the conditions of testimony and testimony are apparently combined, it can not affect it in the ways stated. What emerges in this article is an examination of the same obstacles, problems, and challenges that testimony faces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Inference of Religious Laws, and Prove of Criminal Proceeding in Conflict of Evidences: Commons and Differences
Omid Motaghi Ardakani Abolhassan Mojtahed SoleymaniIran's legislator, in 2013, for the first time provided the "conflict of evidences in prove of criminal proceeding" in some articles of Islamic Penal Code. In this respect without mention of occurrence terms, some cases of conflicts of evidences are mentioned, and MoreIran's legislator, in 2013, for the first time provided the "conflict of evidences in prove of criminal proceeding" in some articles of Islamic Penal Code. In this respect without mention of occurrence terms, some cases of conflicts of evidences are mentioned, and some measures are provided. Although this matter is applicable as the first step to formalization of this conflict, whether in occurrence term or transitional solutions, it depends on jurisprudential-legal notions about conflict of proofs of inference as the root of conflict principles. So, this research in a descriptive-analytical manner seeks to study these point of views, and their convergence or divergence against conflicts of evidences of substantiation of claim. The findings shows that required terms of this conflict, whether for inference of religious laws or on evidences of substantiation of claims are the same; however solutions need more consideration in proof of criminal claim than procedure of inference of religious laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - A Critique of the Theory of Multiple Confessions in Proving the Punishment for Theft
Nader Mokhtari afraketi Masoumeh Tajaldeni Lila Mehrabi radIt is widely-held by Imami jurists that if confession, which is one of the methods of proving a lawsuit, happens twice, it proves the punishment (hadd) for theft. According to Article 172 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran (passed in 2013), the legislator sees eye to eye MoreIt is widely-held by Imami jurists that if confession, which is one of the methods of proving a lawsuit, happens twice, it proves the punishment (hadd) for theft. According to Article 172 of the Islamic Penal Code of Iran (passed in 2013), the legislator sees eye to eye with the famous or widely-held opinion. Meanwhile, some early jurists have explicitly opposed this notion, and it is also deciphered from the words of some more recent jurists that they also disagree with this position inasmuch as they maintain that a full confession made only one time shall suffice for proving the hadd (punishment) for theft. Considering that the narrations cited by famous jurists can be undermined in terms of their "chain of transmission" and "denotation" and no other convincing proof has been presented in this regard, and also, in view of the existence of authentic narrations indicating the sufficiency of one confession for proving the punishment for theft as well as the conformity of this saying with the generality of the proofs of the validity of the confession and the traditions that prove the punishment for theft by confession, the writer considers one confession that meets all the conditions to be sufficient for proving the punishment for theft. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Review Challenges and Resolve of Conflict of Electronic Substituted Service Rules in Jurisprudence and Iran Legal System with Looking at France rules
MEHDI VAHDATI Hossein Taherkhani Parviz Savarani Jamshid NoursharghSubstituted Service is one of the greatest challenges of legal systems and the date of notice is the beginning of legal deadlines for the audience to exercise his right from then on, in accordance with statutory time limits. Serve judicial documents can be considered as MoreSubstituted Service is one of the greatest challenges of legal systems and the date of notice is the beginning of legal deadlines for the audience to exercise his right from then on, in accordance with statutory time limits. Serve judicial documents can be considered as one of The Act Creator Right as it creates a right to object to judgment and votes and to protest against mentioned claimes that can lead to the Rightfulness or violation of the right of the person. Putting up the rules of Electronic Substituted Service in the criminal procedure non inhibition using them in civil procedure but there is new interpretation of rules in the legal system of Iran. Electronic Substituted Service is a new method which is against the old legal systems in terms of method of notifications. In old method, notifications to relatives and other people in legal cases, date and background of notification in terms of inserting in the system, observing the addresssee and the existence of two dates of notification and binding to use and the performance of the responsible institutions and not paying attention to some laws, has a great impact on the quality and nature of electronic communications. The analysis of present rules and identification of problems by considering French Rules through library research and providing proper solutions such as non-mandatory use of the system, corresponding to constructive service, not imparting notice on holidays and non-office hours with a look at Jurisprudence and French rules are the purposes of this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Designing and Developing a Questionnaire of Academic Stability among Elementary School Students
Shahla Babaei Gholamreza Golmohammad Nazhad Bahrami Behboud Yarigholi Parvin BahariThe purpose of this research is to design and develop a questionnaire of academic stability among elementary school students. The research method was Mixed Method with an Exploratory Sequential Design (Tool compilation model). The participants in the qualitative section MoreThe purpose of this research is to design and develop a questionnaire of academic stability among elementary school students. The research method was Mixed Method with an Exploratory Sequential Design (Tool compilation model). The participants in the qualitative section were 25 persons who were selected by purposive sampling from university lecturers of educational sciences, teachers, elementary school students and parents of students. The population of research in the quantitative section was all of elementary students in Marivan city, of which 373 persons were selected with using proportional stratified random sampling method. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method and 238 codes were obtained that were summarized in the form of 5 main themes and 44 sub-themes. In order to analyze criterion validity, first the correlation of each item with the criterion was calculated and 38 items were omitted. Then, the correlation of the scores of questionnaire with the criterion was calculated, which was significant at the level of 0.01. The construct validity of the questionnaire was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. The result of the analysis showed that six factors explain a total of 68.442% of the total variance of the questionnaire. Also, Cronbach's alpha was 0.883 for the total questionnaire and 0.901, 0.841, 0.855, 0.740, 0.577 and 0.600 respectively for each of the components. In general, the results showed that the academic stability questionnaire with 23 items has high validity and reliability in order to assessment and predict the amount of academic stability in elementary school students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - A small continuous-Time macroeconometrics model of Iran (Structural Analysis)
Roya Alleomran Hamedreza BaradaranshorakaThis paper presents a continuous time macro-econometrics model for Iranian economy during 1338-1383. In this regard a relatively small size continuous time macro-econometric model, and simultaneous equation systems with eight differential equations and three definitiona MoreThis paper presents a continuous time macro-econometrics model for Iranian economy during 1338-1383. In this regard a relatively small size continuous time macro-econometric model, and simultaneous equation systems with eight differential equations and three definitional equations were used, and the model was estimated with 2 SLS technique. It examines the adjustment of macro economic variables such az such , consumption, production ,inflation, liquidity, wages,toward their desirable values,local stability and unstability of equilibrium point of economy. The results showed that the low speed adjustment for prices 2/5 years, and wages 3/3 years was confirmed/the high speed adjustement for money market 0.85 and real market also was confirmed.The money variable coefficient and its effect on consumption was also high, i.e. any unstability in the money market overflows toward consumption.Analyzing the stability of the system showed that the system is locally unstable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - بررسی ارتباط بین تمرکز مالکیت و رفتار ریسکی بانکها
مینا زینالی امیر محمدزاده -
Open Access Article
100 - نقش امرای نظامی در ثبات و بی ثباتی سیاسی عهد سلجوقی
دکتر قربانعلی کناررودی سهیلا نعیمی -
Open Access Article
101 - Investigating the Interactive Effects of Monetary and Macroprudential Policies on the Stability of the Banking System: Evidence from Iranian Economy
Leila Pashazadeh Hossein Asgharpur Sakineh Sojoodi Zahra Karimi TakanlouThe main objective of this study is to investigate the interactive effects of monetary and macroprudential policies on the stability of Iranian banking system. For this purpose, the effects of monetary and macroprudential policies and interactive of these two policies h MoreThe main objective of this study is to investigate the interactive effects of monetary and macroprudential policies on the stability of Iranian banking system. For this purpose, the effects of monetary and macroprudential policies and interactive of these two policies have been evaluated using the annual time series data of 24 private and government banks of Iran during the period of 2007-2019 and using generalized moments method (GMM).The results show that the monetary policies have significantly caused the instability of the banking system, and the macroprudential policies have significantly increased the stability of the banks. Also, empirical findings of the research show that, the interaction of monetary policies and macroprudential has a positive and significant effect on the stability of banks. This result indicates that the implementation of macro reserve policies in Iran has caused the effects of monetary policies to be modified on the instability of banks. Hence, it is necessary for the economic policy makers to consider these interactions when designing monetary and macro prudential policy interventions. In fact, economic policymakers are advised to use macroprudential policies to strengthen the stability of the banking system when implementing expansionary monetary policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Price in Iran Economy with Emphasis on Volatility of Oil Revenues (Nonlinear Approach)
Mana Mesbahi Hosein Asgharpour Jafar Haghighat Seyed Alireza Kazerooni firooz fallahiAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import MoreAbstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impacts of fundamental variables and volatility of oil revenue (as one of the most important of environment prevailing components in Iran economy) on degree of exchange rate pass through (ERPT) into import price. For this, Markov-Switching and EGARCH methods were used on the base of data for 1990:3 to 2014:1. The findings indicate that there are two ERPT into import price regimes in Iran economy. The ERPT is more than unitary in both regimes. Also, volatility of oil revenues has asymmetric impacts on ERPTs of regimes in terms of size and sign but it increases ERPT into import price in both regimes. Therefore, managing of volatility of oil revenues and exchange rate changes are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The Effect of Local Fatigue in Core Stability Muscles on Selected Biomechanical Variables of Upper Limb in Professional Women Rowers
Soraya Abyar Ali Fatahi Razieh Yousefian MollaSince fatigue caused by repetitive sport movements impairs the rate of muscle force development and rate of muscle contraction, and its modification is associated with variables such as age, injury, type and level of physical activity, the aim of this study was to inves MoreSince fatigue caused by repetitive sport movements impairs the rate of muscle force development and rate of muscle contraction, and its modification is associated with variables such as age, injury, type and level of physical activity, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of localized fatigue on stabilizing muscles on selected biomechanical variables of the upper limbs in professional rowers. Twenty professional Dragon Boat rowers participated in the present study as subjects. Five biomechanical-functional parameters including stability, balance, endurance, strength and flexibility of the upper limb in these subjects were taken as a pre-test at the beginning of the study. Then, the adjusted fatigue protocol was given to the core stability muscles and trunk of the subjects and all of them underwent post-test again. Finally, paired t-test was used to compare the two stages of pre-test and post-test. The results showed that in stability, endurance and strength, significant increase, in flexibility, significant decrease was observed between pre and post-tests, respectively. No significant differences exist between pre and post-tests in balance test (p ≤ 0.05). It is recommended that professional level coaches and rowers’ athletes, regarding biomechanics of movements, pay attention to appropriate preparations and execute training and drills that improve the strength of the core muscles and increase their ability to cope with fatigue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Comparison of Loading Rate, Time to Stability and Impulse between Middle and Side Defense Blockers Players during Landing in Volleyball Block Skill
Ali Fatahi Razieh Yousefian Molla Mitra AmeliPurpose: The three kinetic factors of loading rate, time to stability and impulse during landing are of the great importance for volleyball players, but so far there has been no research comparing these important factors among volleyball game’s position, especiall MorePurpose: The three kinetic factors of loading rate, time to stability and impulse during landing are of the great importance for volleyball players, but so far there has been no research comparing these important factors among volleyball game’s position, especially the players of side and middle defense blockers Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the loading rate, time to stability and impulse between the the middle and side defense blockers during landing in volleyball block skill. Methods: 18 young elite professional male volleyball players in two groups, including 9 middle players and 9 side players, separately performed three vertical jumps on the force plate. The participants' landing kinetic data, i.e. loading rate, time to stability and impulse, were analyzed directly from the force plate outputs. Independent t-test was used to analyze and compare research variables between two groups. Results: despite the fact that the average time to stability was higher in the middle players and the average loading rate and impulse was higher in the side players, no statistically significant difference was observed in the variables of the two groups (P˂0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: volleyball players of the different position demonstrates similar behavior in selected biomechanical variables of landing of the bock defense skill. Considering biomechanics variables among the different game’s positions is a valuable tools to find out details and specific features of athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance, Financial Stability and Financial Inclusion in the Iranian Banking Sector
Seyed hossein Ahmadi Langari Ali khozeinThe importance of access to financial services at the community level is not hidden from economic actors, and for a long time now, human activities have been closely related to social activities, so that in recent years, social responsibility of banks and its reporting MoreThe importance of access to financial services at the community level is not hidden from economic actors, and for a long time now, human activities have been closely related to social activities, so that in recent years, social responsibility of banks and its reporting has become very important. Many countries have considered this concept in order to deal with the problems related to unemployment, poverty, pollution and other social problems, and through the implementation of social activities in a desirable and diverse way, have responded to various foreign groups. Based on social responsibility, banks are committed to carry out their activities for the benefit of society as a whole and to gain their satisfaction. The present study on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance (FP), financial stability (FS) and financial inclusion (FI) in the Iranian banking sector, focusing on data from 17 banks over 5 years for the financial period 2016-2020 Was tested by SPSS version 22 with three hypotheses. The results of this study showed that corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on financial performance and financial stability, but the relationship between corporate social responsibility does not have a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - A Comparative Study of the Probative Value of Electronic Evidence in Criminal Proceedings in the Legal System of Iran and France
Ramin Delkhoon Asl Iradj Gedozian, kiomars kalantari,,The most important part of the proceedings related to crimes, both traditional and computerized, is related to evidence to prove the case. The existing evidence in the computer systems are electronic. The present research in terms of purpose is an applied one which empl MoreThe most important part of the proceedings related to crimes, both traditional and computerized, is related to evidence to prove the case. The existing evidence in the computer systems are electronic. The present research in terms of purpose is an applied one which employs descriptive-analytical methodology and is based on library resources. The present research has been conducted with the aim of comparing the value of proving such evidence in the legal system of Iran and France. The judicial system is facing a serious challenge regarding the admissibility of electronic evidence due to the special characteristics of this evidence and the associated anonymity of perpetrators, as well as the speed with which evidence and crime scenes disappear. Collecting such evidence requires compliance with legal rules and regulations and any kind of non-compliance with these rules and regulations calls into question the integrity, validity and irrefutability of the evidence and causes the courts to reject the evidence. Therefore, in the process of criminal proceedings, the issue of referral to the evidence collected in the cyberspace is of special importance. The results of this study show that the probative value of electronic evidence, although not explicitly stated in the laws of Iran and France, has been accepted and that the legislators of both countries value such evidence in as much as and in the limit of the traditional evidence. The legislator body has considered the mere compliance with rules and regulations of collecting electronic evidence to be sufficient for the citation of and referral to such evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Introducing an Innovative D Flip-Flop for Designing Quaternary QCA Register
Alireza Navidi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan Massoud DoustiTaking advantage of advances in Nanotechnology, the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has overcome many limitations that complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) had been confronted. Undesirable characteristics such as too many leakage currents limit the CMOS de MoreTaking advantage of advances in Nanotechnology, the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has overcome many limitations that complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) had been confronted. Undesirable characteristics such as too many leakage currents limit the CMOS designs in nano dimensions. The idea of designing multiple-valued logic (MVL) systems rather than standard binary has gotten attractive to many designers. The application of MVL in the design of digital circuits offers so many advantages over traditional methods. D flip-flop is a primary sequential circuit in any register. In this paper, a novel quaternary D flip-flop based on introducing quaternary QCA (QQCA) is presented. The structure of our quaternary model is clarified. Also, we have proposed a 4-qubits register by utilizing the presented quaternary D flip-flop. Both circuits got simulated and evaluated by QCASim (quaternary edition). QCASim can illustrate the simulation result in a truth table and a waveform format. Our work got compared with other published works. The simulation results show that our proposed circuit is efficient in terms of latency and energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The Analysis of Shiite Hadith documents about the place and manner of birth of Imam Ali
ghasem bostaniThere are well-known Sayings among the Shiites about the place and manner of birth of Imam Ali (as); Like his birth in the Kaaba, or the removal of the Kaaba wall and his mother's entry into the Kaaba from there. The origin of all these beliefs is narrations. Therefore, MoreThere are well-known Sayings among the Shiites about the place and manner of birth of Imam Ali (as); Like his birth in the Kaaba, or the removal of the Kaaba wall and his mother's entry into the Kaaba from there. The origin of all these beliefs is narrations. Therefore, it is appropriate to ask what are the Shiite hadith documents in this regard. Also, given that we know that narrations have suffered problems throughout history, we must ask how credible these documents are in terms of isnad and content. In this study, we want to collect the Hadiths related to the birth of Ali (AS) in the Kaaba from Shiite hadith sources, and examine them in terms of isnad and content in order to find answers to the above-mentioned questions. We want to identify the different versions of the story of the birth of Ali (AS) and find out which of them is the most acceptable report about his birth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The impact of health expenditure on the stability of the banking sector considering the role of financial literacy and financial inclusion: a case study of selected oil countries
marwan abdolrazagh matar hosein sharifi renani adeeb GHasem SHandi bahar hafeziIntroduction: The banking industry is very important in the global economy; therefore, the stability of this sector is important and it is necessary to examine the factors affecting it. Among these factors, we can refer to health expenses. Inclusion and financial litera MoreIntroduction: The banking industry is very important in the global economy; therefore, the stability of this sector is important and it is necessary to examine the factors affecting it. Among these factors, we can refer to health expenses. Inclusion and financial literacy are also mentioned as other factors affecting banking stability. Methods: In order to analyze the data, panel data regression method was used. The statistical sample of the research is 12 selected oil exporting countries including Algeria, Indonesia, Ecuador, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Kuwait, Nigeria, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Angola and UAE. Results: The findings of the research showed that the health expenditure variable had positive and significant effects on the bank stability variable. Financial inclusion had negative and significant effects on banking stability variable, while financial literacy had positive and significant effects on banking stability in the studied countries. Conclusion: A strong health care system provides improved medical facilities, which increases the ability and longevity of households. This increase in life expectancy and ability improves the income of households, and as a result, the amount of savings and bank deposits has increased, which can improve the financial stability of banks through the strengthening of banks' capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Comparative Analysis of the Security in the Neorealist and Postmodern Perspective
محمد رضا اقارب پرست محمد میلاد شجاعیAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation MoreAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation of most theorists in this field. The question raised by the present article is "What homogeneities and heterogeneity exist between postmodernism and neorealism in security field?" The underlying hypothesis is that regarding the positivist and post positivist approaches of the two, neorealism and post modernism show different views about security. The paper by using comparative approach deals with the issue of security from neorealist and post-modernist viewpoints to show their similarities and differences. The finding of the study shows that neorealism has strengthened the position of super-government in the field of security. However the common basis of all postmodern beliefs is that, the state is not the main and exclusive actor in the established positivist approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Critical analysis of the book entitled "Theories of international Relations"
Mohammad Reza Aghareb parastAbstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries MoreAbstract: “Theories of International Relations” written by Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater is an endeavor for explaining foundation of the theories of IR. and to analyze the principles of each theory. This book is consisted of twelve chapters and tries to analyze the relations among actors in international relations. Although the philosophical approach of the writers cased ambiguity, and insufficient explanation about the great debates especially the methodological one can be considered as flaws of the book, but great logical order and good explanation about new approaches such as International ethics makes this book a suitable book for understanding theories of international Relations. In fact, the verity of the writers caused different ideas and thoughts to be gathered and analyzed in one masterpieces and a good introduction made it understandable for readers. The book is a comprehensive explanation about different approaches and theories in international relations and can be useful for post graduate students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The Confrontation of Violence of Hegemony and Terrorism in Iraq
Shahrouz Shariati Akram MirzadehAbstract The recent developments in the Arabian Middle East countries particularly Iraq have attracted the attention of international relations observers but what has turned the region into an explosive situation is the expansion of terrorist activities of radical Isla MoreAbstract The recent developments in the Arabian Middle East countries particularly Iraq have attracted the attention of international relations observers but what has turned the region into an explosive situation is the expansion of terrorist activities of radical Islamic groups and the military presence and violent and hegemonic measures of the United States in confronting the phenomenon. On this basis, the examination and analysis of terrorism and hegemonic suppression of it and the role of these two phenomena in intensifying each other needs to be explained because it is one of the important problems in the Middle East today. The paper attempts to evaluate the picture and outcome coming out of the interaction and confrontation between terrorism and iron hand suppression of it. In fact the paper wants to examine the causes of growth and expansion of terrorism in the Arabian Middle Eat with emphasis on relations between hegemonic suppression of terrorism and terrorism in Iraq. The article takes the help of historical descriptive, analytical method and statistics to prove the hypothesis. The finding of the study shows that the growth and expansion of terrorism in the Arabian Middle East is the product of employing explicit and implicit violence by the United States hegemonic stability strategy and the relation between hegemonic stability and terrorism in Middle East is evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Comparison of the role of political stability in the pattern of development of Malaysia and Turkey with the Islamic-Iranian model of progress
Amirebrahim Rasouli Gholam Reza Khaje SarvariThe countries of Iran, Turkey and Malaysia are three Islamic countries that are similar in terms of internal characteristics; all three are Muslim countries with a wide variety of ethnic and cultural diversity, which in the past have been tallied in the less developed c MoreThe countries of Iran, Turkey and Malaysia are three Islamic countries that are similar in terms of internal characteristics; all three are Muslim countries with a wide variety of ethnic and cultural diversity, which in the past have been tallied in the less developed countries, and almost simultaneously, Design the progress model. The Islamic Republic of Iran has been combined with Western modernization patterns and designs. The present study is an analytical descriptive study to evaluate the development patterns in the three countries. The strategic, strategic and strategic criterion in these countries is the impact and performance of this stability in the development of the country. Comparison of the pattern of progress in these countries showed that in all three models, the principles of Islam and the practice of Islamic principles are considered and the ultimate goal of governments in developing the country is to achieve the human goals of Islam, such as social justice and the elimination of poverty. The most effective and successful model of progress for any country is a model that is designed based on its political, social, cultural, and religious characteristics, with the emphasis and inspiration from the successful experiences of advanced countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Perspective on Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan: the Case Study Karachi City
Mohammad Sadegh koushki Seyed Mahmoud HossiniAbstract: Pakistan as an important country is the Islamic world, after independence has always faced internal, political, economic and social instability. One of the factors that accelerate the instability is ethnic conflict. In this regard Karachi as an important indu MoreAbstract: Pakistan as an important country is the Islamic world, after independence has always faced internal, political, economic and social instability. One of the factors that accelerate the instability is ethnic conflict. In this regard Karachi as an important industrial and economic center of Pakistan faces the worst ethnic conflict and separatist demands. What is the root cause and nature of these ethnic conflicts? The present article tries to analyze the factors that destabilize Pakistan with emphasis on multi aspect nature of ethnic conflict. It also highlights the cause and grounds of ethnic conflict in both domestic as well as external dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Morality and Politics from Critical Theory Point of View
Jamil Hassan poor Manoochehr DehyadegariThroughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debat MoreThroughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debated and controversial issues in our hectic era. Science and technology have triumphed over all different aspects of mankind. Consequently the major principles of spirituality and morality are greatly influenced by mundane, terrestrial upheavals. Technology and Modernity which is highly known as communication and information epoch had eliminated political borders and consequestly it had exposed all nations, peoples and countries, to a sort of cultural attack which can lead to culture trauma, the offspring can be viewed as a crisis as well as a change in decriminalizing legalizing politics in the century. The notion of "criticism" is a metaphor for pathology which aims at criticizing the modernity, known as a phenomenon devoid of moralities. This concept sides up with a guide for human's action The ultimate goal is to restore, resurrect its actual benefits and views. Scholars like "Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse ,Habermas, Hana Ahrenet Eric From" are well known founders of the Theory in the th century. They made an attempt to criticize positivist human Sciences. The aim of this essay is to study the role of morality and polities and their relationship from the point of view of the critical theory. It also criticizes modernity, a phenomenon that has emerged as a cosequence of scientific transformations. In this research, the co-relational method in used. The major question asked is about the relationship between morality and polities from the point of view of the critical theory. In general, it is concluded that there is consensus among theorists of critical theory concerning the interaction between morality and polities, believing that brutalities and disasters are direct consequences of separation of morality and politics. In the view of critical theorists, it seems that modernism on the one hand, has brought alout development and prosperity, but on the other hand has considered instrumental rationality as the source of most misfortunes causing distraction of morality and constraining individual freedom in politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - An Analysis of the Popular Uprising in the Middle East from the Viewpoint of Oil Political Economy
Seyed Saeed Mirtorabi Abstract The present article tries to study the popular uprising in Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa by a political economy of oil approach. The article makes use of a multi-variable analytical model that can both explain causes of uprising an More Abstract The present article tries to study the popular uprising in Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa by a political economy of oil approach. The article makes use of a multi-variable analytical model that can both explain causes of uprising and different directions and outcomes of the events in popular revolt that started in Arab countries from late 2010. The article shows that all the countries of the Middle East and North Africa have similar characteristics that can explain them as dependence on foreign rents. Kind and level of these rents and the extent of dependency on them vary among the countries of the region but the presence of rents is common among them nevertheless that affects the political stability in different ways. The most important question of the article is how political economy of the Middle East oil has affected the popular uprising of the Arab countries and its process of the developments. The underlying hypothesis is that the political economy of oil of the Middle Eastern countries has created a rigid rentier structure and this particular structure has played an important role in popular uprisings. A different mix of oil revenue along with mediatory socio-political variables has led to different directions of political development of the uprisings of the people of the region. The article makes use of new theoretical framework in studies of oil and politics and by the help of it explains different directions of different countries uprisings. The article by the help of descriptive analytical method has analyzed qualitative and quantitative data to test the hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - تحلیل اقتصاد سیاسی بر ثبات اقتصادی با تأکید بر تحریم های جمهوری اسلامی ایران
عبدالرضا احمدی لنا عبدالخانى روحاله شهابى فریدون اکبرزاده -
Open Access Article
118 - تبیین مفروضههای فلسفی پژوهشهای کمی و کیفی در جغرافیای انسانی
احسان یاری اسکندر مرادی -
Open Access Article
119 - .
Sayyed Faez Darkhosh Shamsolhajiyeh Ardalani Sayyed Ahmad Hoseini Kazerooni -
Open Access Article
120 - مقایسه منابع مختلف سلنیوم و ویتامین E در جیره مرغهای تخمگذار و اثرات آنها بر سلنیوم و کلسترول تخم مرغ، کیفیت و ثبات اکسیداتیو
ف. اسدی ف. شریعتمداری م.ا. کریمی ترشیزی م. محیطی اصلی م. قناعت پرست رشتیآزمایشی برای مقایسه اثرات مکمل سازی جیره مرغ­های تخمگذار با منابع غیرآلی و آلی مختلف سلنیوم بر کیفیت و ثبات اکسیداتیو تخم مرغ در مدت نگهداری انجام شد. تعداد 81 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لهمن LSL سفید در سن 35 هفتگی در قفس در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 9 گروه تیماری، 3 تکرار و 3 Moreآزمایشی برای مقایسه اثرات مکمل سازی جیره مرغ­های تخمگذار با منابع غیرآلی و آلی مختلف سلنیوم بر کیفیت و ثبات اکسیداتیو تخم مرغ در مدت نگهداری انجام شد. تعداد 81 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار لهمن LSL سفید در سن 35 هفتگی در قفس در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 9 گروه تیماری، 3 تکرار و 3 قطعه پرنده در هر تکرار تقسیم شدند. مرغ­های هر گروه با جیره مربوطه که شامل جیره پایه با سلنیت سدیم، مخمر غنی از سلنیوم، سیتوپلکس-سلنیوم و سلنومکس در دو سطح مختلف از 3/0 و 6/0 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم، یا 200 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم ویتامین E تغذیه شدند. به منظور جلوگیری از چالش قضاوت نام تجاری، حروف A، B و C برای منابع آلی مختلف سلنیوم استفاده شد. پس از 56 روز تغذیه جیره­های آزمایشی، تخم مرغ­های تولیدی مرغ­ها برای آزمایش جمع­آوری شدند. افت وزن تخم مرغ در مدت ذخیره­سازی در دمای 4 درجه در گروه تغذیه شده با 3/0 میلی­گرم از منبع B سلنیوم در کیلوگرم خوراک کمتر بود (05/0>P). گروه­های تغذیه شده با ویتامین E و سلنیوم میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید کمتری از آنهایی که جیره مکمل نشده مصرف نمودند، داشتند (01/0>P). منبع C سلنیوم آلی در مقایسه با دیگر منابع سلنیوم یا گروه شاهد مالون­دی­آلدئید کمتری داشت. مکمل نمودن سلنیوم در جیره غلظت سلنیوم زرده را افزایش داد (01/0>P) و اثر منبع C سلنیوم بیشتر بود. مکمل­سازی سلنیوم و ویتامین E سبب کاهش محتوای کلسترول سرم و زرده شد (01/0>P). نتایج نشان می­دهد که اثربخشی منبع C سلنیوم آلی برای افزایش ذخیره سلنیوم در تخم مرغ و بهبود کیفیت تخم مرغ در مقایسه با سایر منابع سلنیوم بیشتر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - ارتباط افزودنیهای زیستی و شیمیایی با ترکیب مواد مغذی، ضایعات کُل و پروفایل میکروبی و تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر
اچ.ام.سی. اراکی ای.آر. د اُلیویرا جی.آر. گندرا آر.اچ. تی.بی. د گواِس سی.اس. تکیا آ.جی. جکواَنا کا.ام.پی. د اُلیویرا دی.ان. وسکواِس ان.آر. برندااُ کنسلو تی.آ. دل واله ان. دوآن اُرباچهدف از این مطالعه، تعیین اثرات یک تلقیح باکتریایی و افزودنی­های شیمیایی روی ترکیب مواد مغذی، تجزیه آزمایشگاهی، ضایعات کُل، ثبات هوازی، کیفیت میکروبی و پروفایل تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر بوده است. تیمارها در 48 سیلوی کوچک در قالب فاکتوریل 4 × 2 (دو سطح تلقیح میکروبی (I Moreهدف از این مطالعه، تعیین اثرات یک تلقیح باکتریایی و افزودنی­های شیمیایی روی ترکیب مواد مغذی، تجزیه آزمایشگاهی، ضایعات کُل، ثبات هوازی، کیفیت میکروبی و پروفایل تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر بوده است. تیمارها در 48 سیلوی کوچک در قالب فاکتوریل 4 × 2 (دو سطح تلقیح میکروبی (INO، 0 یا 4 گرم به ازای هر تُن نیشکر تازه) و سه افزودنی شیمیایی (CHE، CaO، NaCl و اوره به میزان 10 گرم در هر کیلوگرم)) توزیع شدند. ارتباط INOو اوره بالاترین مقادیر ماده خشک (DM) و فیبر محلول در شوینده خنثی در شرایط تجزیه آزمایشگاهی را داشت. تیمارهای با تلقیح و افزودنی­های شیمیایی ضایعات گازی (گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم) کاهش دادند. رابطه INO و CHE مقدار باکتری­های اسید لاکتیک را افزایش داد. رابطه INO و CHE منجر به اثر هم­افزایی برای کاهش تولید اتانول و افزایش تولید اسید لاکتیک شد. تلقیح و CHE اثر هم­افزایی مثبت بر ضایعات کُل، بازیابی ماده خشک، پروفایل میکروبی و تولید اتانول و اسید لاکتیک داشت. تیمارهای حاوی اوره DM بزرگتر در تجزیه آزمایشگاهی و ثبات هوازی بیشتر در مقایسه با سایر افزودنی­های شیمیایی داشتند. ارتباط INO و CHE اثر مثبتی بر ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه آزمایشگاهی، ضایعات کُل، ثبات هوازی و پروفایل میکروبی و تخمیری سیلوی نیشکر داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - اثرات سطوح مختلف اسانسهای زردچوبه و رزماری بر عملکرد و ثبات اکسیداتیو گوشت جوجههای گوشتی
م. قرهجانلو م. مهری ف. شیرمحمدآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف اسانسهای زردچوبه و رزماری بر عملکرد و ثبات اکسیداتیو گوشت جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. آزمایش با استفاده از 540 قطعه جوجه گوشتی (کاپ 500) در نه تیمار و چهار تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به روش فاکتوریل سه در سه، Moreآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف اسانسهای زردچوبه و رزماری بر عملکرد و ثبات اکسیداتیو گوشت جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. آزمایش با استفاده از 540 قطعه جوجه گوشتی (کاپ 500) در نه تیمار و چهار تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به روش فاکتوریل سه در سه، متشکل از سه سطح اسانس زردچوبه (0=T1، 75=T2 و 150=T3 میلیگرم اسانس بر کیلوگرم جیره) و سه سطح اسانس رزماری (0=R1، 100=R2 و 200=R3 میلیگرم اسانس بر کیلوگرم جیره) اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار R2T3 و R3T3 در مقایسه با گروه شاهد، در سه هفته اول پرورش سبب افزایش وزن بدن شد (05/0>P). در طول دوره رشد (42-21 روزگی) و نیز در کل دوره، گروه شاهد در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها به استثناء تیمارهای R1T2، R2T3 و R3T1 پایینترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک را داشت (05/0>P). بالاترین وزن نسبی لاشه و ماهیچه ران به ترتیب در جوجه­هایی مشاهده شد که مقدار 75 و 150 میلی­گرم اسانس زردچوبه دریافت کرده بودند (05/0>P). افزودن اسانس زردچوبه به جیره سبب کاهش معنی­دار وزن نسبی پانکراس، پیش­معده، سنگدان و چینه­دان شد (05/0>P). بالاترین وزن نسبی جگر در جوجه­های گروه شاهد مشاهده شد (05/0>P). اندازه­گیری میزان مالون­دی­آلدئید (MDA) گوشت طی 30 روز نگهداری در دمای 20- درجه سانتیگراد نشان داد که همه­ تیمارها، به استثناء تیمارهای R3T2 و R3T3، در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش معنی­داری در MDA نشان دادند (05/0>P). شصت روز پس از نگهداری گوشت در دمای 20- درجه سانتیگراد، کمترین میزان MDA در جوجه­های تیمارهای R1T2، R2T2، R3T3 و R3T1 مشاهده شد (05/0>P). نتایج نشان داد که استفاده همزمان از اسانس زردچوبه و رزماری در جیره، بهبودی در عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی ایجاد نکرد در حالیکه این افزودنی­ها پتانسیل بالایی در بهبود ثبات اکسیداتیو گوشت و کاهش میزان MDA در طی نگهداری 30 و 60 روزه گوشت در دمای 20- درجه سانتیگراد داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - نقش (1 -متیل سیکلوپروپن) در بهبود کیفیت پس از برداشت بعضی ارقام گل شاخه بریده رز
فهمی آ.اس. حسنبه­منظور بهبود کیفیت پس از برداشت و پتانسیل صادرات گل بریده رُز (Rosa hybrida L.) ارقام ’هپی آور‘ و ’بوردو‘ اثر 1-MCP به­عنوان یک بازدارنده اتیلن تحت مطالعه قرار گرفت. غلظت­های 1-MCP عبارت بودند از: 3/0، 4/0، 5/0 و 6/0 گرم در متر مکعب Moreبه­منظور بهبود کیفیت پس از برداشت و پتانسیل صادرات گل بریده رُز (Rosa hybrida L.) ارقام ’هپی آور‘ و ’بوردو‘ اثر 1-MCP به­عنوان یک بازدارنده اتیلن تحت مطالعه قرار گرفت. غلظت­های 1-MCP عبارت بودند از: 3/0، 4/0، 5/0 و 6/0 گرم در متر مکعب که برای مدت 18 ساعت در دمای 8 درجه سانتی­گراد مشابه شرایط حمل و نقل گل­ها مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. تیمار 1-MCPدر مقایسه با شاهد، به­صورت معنی­داری عمر گلجایی را افزایش و کاهش وزن را در هر 2 رقم به حداقل رساند، البته پاسخ رقم ’هپی آور‘ نسبت به رقم ’بوردو‘ بهتر و بیشتر بود. تیمار 1-MCP مقدار نسبی آب (RWC) را نیز در گل­ها بهبود بخشید. 1-MCP به صورت معنی­داری تخریب کلروفیل و کربوهیدرات­ها را در طول عمر گلجایی در هر 2 رقم به تاخیر انداخت. تولید اتیلن به صورت معنی­داری توسط 1-MCP کاهش یافت. شاخص ثبات غشا (MSI) در پاسخ به 1-MCP حفظ شد و MDA کاهش یافت. بهترین تیمارها از این نظر به­ترتیب غلظت­های 4/0 و 5/0 برای ارقام ’هپی آور‘ و ’بوردو‘ بودند. تیمار 1-MCP برای ممانعت از اثرات منفی اتیلن روی این دو رقم رُز توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - A study relationship between cultural factors with social participation( case study:25+ citizenship of Bojnurd City)
Ghorbanali Saboktakin RiziThis paper looks for to study the factors affecting the contribution of citizens in paying municipal tolls. Using survey method, the data collected by conducting a self-constructed questionnaire. 500 residents (above 20 years old) were selected as sample by conducting r MoreThis paper looks for to study the factors affecting the contribution of citizens in paying municipal tolls. Using survey method, the data collected by conducting a self-constructed questionnaire. 500 residents (above 20 years old) were selected as sample by conducting random sampling method. Findings showed that the average mean of participation in the payment of municipal tolls among respondents was 31 of 55. In other words, the respondents' participation level in this field was below the average level. Among dimensions of participation, the highest mean was belonging of behavioral dimension and the lowest mean was belonging to propensity or emotional one. The independent variables (i. e. the satisfaction of municipal services, the social responsibility, the citizenship awareness, the sense of anomie in urban management and the sense of belonging to urban and neighborhood) were significantly associated with participation in payment of tolls. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that these variables are able to estimate up to 28% of the dispersion of the payment of tolls. Finally, the results showed that deducting and tacking tolls as local taxes shall be consistent with the economic condition of citizens, to increase the public participation in paying of local taxation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - کاربرد الگوی ارزشیابی اثربخشی برنامههای آموزشی ترویجی (اثبات) در ترویج کشاورزی (مورد مطالعه: پرورشدهندگان گوسفند شهرستان پاسارگاد، استان فارس)
طاهر عزیزیخالخیلی مسعود بیژنی محمدرضا شاهپسند فرزاد فربوداز آنجا که برای برگزاری برنامههای آموزشی ترویجی روستاییان، هزینههای انسانی و مادی زیادی صرف میگردد؛ لذا، یکی از اجزای اساسی این برنامهها که باید مورد توجه قرارگیرد، "ارزشیابی اثربخشی" و تعیین میزان دستیابی به اهداف و مشخص کردن مشکلات و نواقص موجود و اصلاح آن برای د Moreاز آنجا که برای برگزاری برنامههای آموزشی ترویجی روستاییان، هزینههای انسانی و مادی زیادی صرف میگردد؛ لذا، یکی از اجزای اساسی این برنامهها که باید مورد توجه قرارگیرد، "ارزشیابی اثربخشی" و تعیین میزان دستیابی به اهداف و مشخص کردن مشکلات و نواقص موجود و اصلاح آن برای دورههای آتی است. بر این اساس، هدف این مطالعه، ارزشیابی اثربخشی برنامههای آموزشی ترویجی روستاییان بود. برای دستیابی به این هدف، در مرحله اول پژوهش، الگوهای ارزشیابی اثربخشی آموزشی با استفاده از روش تحقیقات اسنادی، واکاوی گردید و بر اساس آن الگوی "ارزشیابی اثربخشی برنامههای آموزشی ترویجی (اثبات)"، در قالب ارزشیابی یک نمونه برنامه آموزشی روستاییان طراحی و اجرا گردید. مرحله دوم پژوهش با استفاده از طرح تحقیق پیشآزمونـپسآزمون از یک گروه انجام گرفت. جامعه مورد مطالعه، پرورشدهندگان گوسفند شهرستان پاسارگاد استان فارس بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری هدفمند، نمونه مورد مطالعه انتخاب شد (32=n). ابزار جمعآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامهای بود که روایی و پایایی آن با استفاده از روش ارزیابی لینکولن و گوبا تأیید گردید. نتایج نشان داد میزان رضایت شرکتکنندگان از دوره برگزارشده در ابعاد مورد بررسی، بالاتر از حد متوسط است. همچنین دوره برگزار شده روی یادگیری افراد از نظر نگرش و دانش ایشان نسبت به موضوعات مورد آموزش دارای تأثیرات معنیدار بود. مهمترین مشکل افراد برای شرکت در دوره، مشکل رفت و آمد به محل برگزاری دوره بود. در پایان، بر اساس یافتههای پژوهش، پیشنهادهای کاربردی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - عوامل مؤثر بر بیثباتی درآمدهای صادراتی پسته و تأثیر آن بر صادرات کشاورزی
محمدرضا زارع مهرجردی آسیه عزیزی زهرا کرونیصادرات بخش کشاورزی سهم قابل توجهی از صادرات غیرنفتی را به خود اختصاص داده و از جایگاه ارزآوری مهمی برخوردار است. در بین محصولات کشاورزی، پسته از محصولات عمدهی صادراتی میباشد که سهم چشمگیری از تولید، سطح زیرکشت، مقدار و ارزش صادرات را به خود اختصاص داده است. در این مط Moreصادرات بخش کشاورزی سهم قابل توجهی از صادرات غیرنفتی را به خود اختصاص داده و از جایگاه ارزآوری مهمی برخوردار است. در بین محصولات کشاورزی، پسته از محصولات عمدهی صادراتی میباشد که سهم چشمگیری از تولید، سطح زیرکشت، مقدار و ارزش صادرات را به خود اختصاص داده است. در این مطالعه ابتدا، با استفاده از شاخص "میانگین قدرمطلق تفاوت بین درآمدهای صادراتی از روند آن" بیثباتی درآمدهای صادراتی در کل دوره زمانی 1389- 1352 محاسبه شد. از این جهت، شاخص بیثباتی درآمدهای صادراتی پسته طی چهار دورهی تقسیم شده، نشان میدهد که دوره جنگ، از بیثباتی بیشتری برخوردار بوده ولی در کل دوره مطالعاتی، بی­ثباتی اندک بوده است. در گام دوم، به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر بیثباتی درآمدهای صادراتی پسته و تأثیر آن بر صادرات کشاورزی، طی دورهی زمانی مورد مطالعه پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور، از شاخص بیثباتی لاو (1985) و الگوی تصحیح خطای برداری (VECM) استفاده گردیده است. نتایج حاصل از برآورد مدل بیثباتی درآمدهای صادراتی پسته نشان میدهد که شاخص تمرکز رابطه عکس و شاخص بیثباتی تولید و شکاف نرخ ارز رابطه مستقیم با بیثباتی درآمدهای صادراتی پسته دارد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از برآورد تابع صادرات کشاورزی حاکی از آن است که بیثباتی درآمد صادراتی پسته تأثیر منفی و معنیدار بر صادرات بخش کشاورزی داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Investigation the Effect of Credit Risk on Financial Stability in the Islamic Banking System
Alireza Heidarzadeh HanzaeiBanks and their volume of financial transactions have a positive effect on the income of companies and the country's economy and paying attention to their stability conditions can create a stable economy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit MoreBanks and their volume of financial transactions have a positive effect on the income of companies and the country's economy and paying attention to their stability conditions can create a stable economy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk on the financial stability of banks listed on the Tehran Securities Exchange. In order to measure the credit risk variable from the research of Zupandis et al. (2017), the Z-score index was used to measure the financial stability variable based on Farhi (2018) and Al-Badri (2015) studies. The generality of this index is due to the fact that it is inversely related to the probability of bankruptcy of a bank. The number of sixteen banks accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of six years from 2014 to 2019 were selected as the statistical population of the research. Multivariate regression analysis using mixed data method with fixed effects was used to test the hypotheses. The research results show that credit risk has a significant and adverse effect on the financial stability of banks. In fact, one of the factors that can strongly affect the stability of banks is the credit risk of banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The Effects of Entry of Real Shareholders and Exchange Rate Volatility on the Return on Assets in the Pharmaceutical Materials and Products of Tehran Stock Exchange (Dynamic Panel Data Approach)
Fereshteh Shams Safa marjan damankeshideh Majid AfsharRad Manijeh HadiNejad Alireza Daghighi AslAbstractPharmaceutical industry has a main share in capital market and a considerable role in stock market transactions through the collection of community micro-savings. Hence, the cruicial aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of nominal exchange rate volati MoreAbstractPharmaceutical industry has a main share in capital market and a considerable role in stock market transactions through the collection of community micro-savings. Hence, the cruicial aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of nominal exchange rate volatility and entry of real shareholders on the return on assets (ROA) in the 32 pharmaceutical materials and products of Tehran stock exchange as a import oriented companies during the period of 2011-2019. For achieving this, by using of Panel GARCH method, the exchange rate volatility has been estimated and then, the impacts of this variabble with other explanatory variabbles such as entry of real shareholders, profit margin, capital and interest rate to the operational profit, have been examined on return on assets in these companies. The empirical results of model estimation by GMM estimator revealed that the exchange rate volatility has negative and entry of real shareholders has positive and significant effect on the return on assets. Moreover, the auxiliary variables like profit margin, capital and interest rate have positive, positive and negative effects on the return on assets. By results of this study, we can suggest that the financial policy makers with decreasing of exchange rate volatility through control of domestic prices and capital market stabilization policies, motivate real shareholders to enter the capital market and increase the production and profitability of pharmaceutical companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility and Uncertainty on Stock Returns in Tehran Stock Exchange (Case Study: Agriculture and Food Industry)
Ehsan RajabiExtended Abstract Based on macroeconomics and development economics theories, developing countries, like Iran, are facing a high degree of instability of macroeconomic variables. Fluctuations and exchange rate shocks, create an uncertain environment for investors and MoreExtended Abstract Based on macroeconomics and development economics theories, developing countries, like Iran, are facing a high degree of instability of macroeconomic variables. Fluctuations and exchange rate shocks, create an uncertain environment for investors and make decisions unconfident situation for future investments. The empirical study of the relationship between fluctuation and instability exchange rate and share returns in the Tehran Stock Exchange market is discussed. The empirical results make it possible for the decision-making managers of the agriculture and food industries to analyze the interaction and behavior of stock returns and exchange rates simultaneously. Second, a better understanding of the short-term movements of these two markets allows financial managers to make informed financial decisions and investments. In such a situation, the policy maker should be aware of applying policies that cause more volatility in the currency market and create uncertainty in it, in order to provide the basis for the sustainable growth of the capital market. Purpose The fluctuations of the exchange rate as an effective contribution to the proper direction, and a more favorable opportunity to be made for trade, and your investment; for the exchange rate from canal of export and import affect the cost of export, stock prices, and returns. This research investigates the effects of volatility and uncertainty of exchange rates on the stocks return of share in cluster of export-oriented, and the import-oriented and agri-food industries. As a result, the research question is: the share returns of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (separated to export-oriented, import-oriented, and agricultural and food industries), in case of exchange rate instability and uncertainty (currency fluctuations), in the period of 2010 to 2019 how will it be affected by it? Methodology This investigation led to a series of 165 holding companies for period of 2010-2019. The volatility measure by Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) method and based model estimate by Structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR). In the first stage, the conditional and generalized heterogeneity variance model is used to extract exchange rate fluctuations. In the next step, the structural vector explanatory model (SVAR) has been used to investigate the effect of currency instability and uncertainty (currency fluctuations) on the returns and stock prices of companies. To estimate the SVAR model, the self-explanatory vector model or the normal VAR model must be estimated first. After determining the optimal interval and performing model validation tests, by applying structural constraints, reaction functions based on structural constraints are specified. Finally, by using shock reaction functions, the effects of currency instability and uncertainty (currency fluctuations) on the stock returns of companies are evaluated. Finding The result shows that there is significant relationship between the exchange rate fluctuations stock return of import - oriented company but in other cases, the export- oriented and Agri-food companies there is no relationship between shares return, and fluctuations of exchange rate even by year lag. Conclusion The impact on the exchange rate and its fluctuations on import-oriented industries is due to the dependence of the industries on imported raw materials (including inputs and machinery and equipment), which imposes costs on producers at rates higher than the supporting exchange rates, and against the stability policy of central bank of Iran leads to the impossibility of foreign exchange rates with the market exchange rates and their foreign exchange income acquisition. This policy constitutes a disconnection of the effect of the exchange rate and its fluctuations on stock returns. The change in the exchange rate from the import channel will affect the cost of intermediate goods, as a result, the prices of the companies' shares will change. For example, with the decrease in the value of the domestic currency, the import price of intermediate and capital goods increases and their import decreases. As a result, stock returns decrease due to the decrease in investment. According to the results of the research, it is suggested to shareholders and lenders to pay attention to exchange rate fluctuations as a factor affecting stock prices in order to make correct and principled decisions of investing in companies' shares and granting credit. If the exchange rate fluctuations are directed in the right direction as a factor affecting stock prices, a more favorable environment for trade and investment will be provided; Because the exchange rate change from the import channel will affect the cost of intermediate goods, as a result, the stock price of the companies will change. For example, with the decrease in the value of the domestic currency, the import price of intermediate and capital goods increases and their import decreases. As a result, stock returns decrease due to the decrease in investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The hidden variable and volatility of Iran's money demand function
farshad parvizian alireza erfaniThe Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns MoreThe Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns of Individuals from the Published Data Issue. The Economic Actors, Based on Expectations of Prices in the Future, Based on Knowledge and Information from the Economy, Deciding they Needed Information from Various Sources Directly or from the Media .In This Research, with the Introduction of the New Variable , the Presence of the Chairman of the Central Bank in the Media, the Demand Functions for the Short and Long Term for the Volume of Money M1, and Liquidity M2, Using Monthly Data of IRAN and Its Approach and Explain, Distributive ARDL Estimates we have. The Results Showed that the Entry Variable, the Presence of the Head of the Central Bank in the money demand Function, Causing Instability, this function will Be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - مبانی فقهی قسامه و نحوه اجرای آن در حقوق موضوعه ایران
محمدقاسم ناظریان امید محمدی نیا -
Open Access Article
132 - مطالعه تطبیقی قواعد حاکم بر حقوق اسناد الکترونیکی از منظر قوانین ایران، مقررات آنسیترال و حقوق فرانسه
مسعود فاطمیان علیرضا حسنی محمد کی نیا حمید ابهری -
Open Access Article
133 - دلایل اثبات دعاوی مدنی در حقوق ایران و مصر و فرانسه
رسول مقصود پور احسان اله آگاه -
Open Access Article
134 - آیین دادرسی افتراقی در پولشویی با رویکرد امنیت گرایی
محمد شهریاری محمدرضا شادمان فر مسعود حیدری علی یوسف زاده -
Open Access Article
135 - رویکرد دیوان بین المللی دادگستری در توسعه منابع حقوق بین الملل در پرتو ماده 38 اساسنامه
سید محمد باقر amirian sadeg salimi محسن mohebi mohsen abdollahi -
Open Access Article
136 - رابطه علم دادرس با دلایل قانونی اثبات دعاوی مدنی
هادی شریفی علی رفیعی مقدم -
Open Access Article
137 - بررسی جایگاه علم دادرس در قوانین حقوقی ایران
محمدهادی شریفی اعظم عدالتجو -
Open Access Article
138 - مطالعه تطبیقی جهت و علت عقد در حقوق ایران وفرانسه و فقه امامیّه
عبدالرسول دیانی -
Open Access Article
139 - رسالت فرایند دادرسی کیفری
مرتضی ناجی زواره -
Open Access Article
140 - Ranking the pillars of corporate governance in banks in achieving the stability and health of the banking system
hadi torabifar seyyed mohammad hadi sobhanian musa shahbazyDue to the systemic importance of banks in the economy, the stability and health of banks, which is affected by the processes and frameworks governing the administration of banks, are considered key elements for the stability of the financial system. The realization of MoreDue to the systemic importance of banks in the economy, the stability and health of banks, which is affected by the processes and frameworks governing the administration of banks, are considered key elements for the stability of the financial system. The realization of corporate governance in banks is considered as one of the most important ways to achieve the stability and health of the banking system. In response to the question, which of the components and elements of corporate governance, including the board of directors, executive board, risk management, auditing, service compensation and disclosure and transparency, is more important in achieving the stability and health of the banking system, in this article with Using the multi-criteria decision modeling approach, various elements and components of corporate governance in the banking system have been ranked in terms of importance in achieving the stability and health of the banking system. The results of the research show that two components of the decision-making and monitoring component include "non-executive and independence of the board members" and "adopting policies related to the identification and control of conflicts of interest" and the component of "creating the necessary infrastructure to create transparency..." from the disclosure component and Transparency with relative weights of 0.107, 0.089, 0.073, respectively, took the first three ranks of corporate governance components in achieving banking stability and health. The results of this research can be considered in determining the regulatory priorities of the central bank and modifying the structures and processes governing the banking system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Investigation and identification of possible conflicts in the implementation of macroprudential policies with the objectives of monetary policy (output and price stabilization) in the Iranian economy using the DSGE approach"
Parisa Tavako mehdi pedram Hossein TavakoliyanAbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output ga MoreAbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output gap and price stability, which are the goals of monetary policy. In this paper, by designing a a closed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the Iranian economy in the period 1369: 1 to 1399: 2 and macroprudential tools loan-to-value restrictions and countercyclical capital buffer and shocks including productivity, bank capital and monetary policy shocks is used and the conflicts (increasing variance ) resulting from the implementation of macroprudential policy on monetary policy objectives was examined.The results show that with the occurrence of shocks, the implementation of loan-to-value ratio requirements does not conflict with production and inflation, and with more response of this tool, the variance of production and inflation reduced monotically, indicating a complementary relationship of this macroprudential tool with monetary policy objectives. Therefore a policymaker can use this macroprudential tool with less concern.However, the requirement of countercyclical capital buffer after the occurrence of these shocks is initially in conflict with price stabilization and output, which with a more severe reaction of this macroprudential tool reduces inflation and output fluctuations and reduces its adverse side effects. However, the exception is the variance of inflation in the monetary policy impulse, which increases with the intensification of the loan-to-value ratio, and with the intensification of countercyclical capital buffer,inflation is initially decreasing and after reaching its minimum value, it rises. . The results of this study can be useful for how macroprudential and monetary policies are organized and how to coordinate between these two policies. Manuscript profile -
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142 - رابطه بین شاخص های ثبات با کارایی فنی بانکهای ایران طی سالهای (1395-1383)
محمود عیسوی فتح اله تاری حبیب انصاری سامانی حسن عموزاد خلیلی -
Open Access Article
143 - الزامات نظارت احتیاطی کلان و تأثیر آن بر ثبات نظام بانکی ایران*
حسن سامانی پور تیمور محمدی عباس شاکری مهدی تقوی -
Open Access Article
144 - An Analysis of Household Demand Absorption as a financial asset against Inflation volatility in IRAN
بیژن باصری غفار کیانی محمود ملکی پورToday’s Financial Stability plays a vital role in economic performance. Financial Stability influences prices and change asset composition in household portfolio. The aim of this paper is to examine various component of household demand as a financial non-tradable MoreToday’s Financial Stability plays a vital role in economic performance. Financial Stability influences prices and change asset composition in household portfolio. The aim of this paper is to examine various component of household demand as a financial non-tradable asset in compare with some selected countries experiences. Based on OLS Method we estimate household income demand elasticity’s in 31 provinces in Iran during 2011-2018.The findings show characters of stability and certainties of household as a consumer and permanent asset plays a vital role against inflation volatility. The low knowledge of individuals in financial markets (stock market, gold, options, futures…) low skills, the lack of professionally, huge volatility in stock market plays on individual households asset demand. In addition, historical, cultural dependency and interfere of financial institutional affected household demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Investigating the impact of exchange rate fluctuations as an economic stability evaluation index on asset value stability indicators
mihammad hosin emaratian Ali Najafi Moghadam Ali Baghani Mohsen Hamidian Ghodratolah EmamverdiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exchange rate as an indicator of economic stability on the stability of assets value in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1385 to 1397. For this purpose, the current research is included in descript MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exchange rate as an indicator of economic stability on the stability of assets value in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1385 to 1397. For this purpose, the current research is included in descriptive research in terms of research method and applied research in terms of purpose. Also, the design of this research is using the post-event approach. Also, in the current research, the panel data model was used to investigate the relationship between the variables. The results of the research showed that the fluctuation of the exchange rate has a significant effect on the first indicator of the stability of asset value, i.e. the book value of assets, at the level of 95%, and this effect is reversed. The effect of exchange rate fluctuation on the second index of asset value stability, which is the market value of assets, is significant at the 95% level. Also, the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on the third index of asset value stability, i.e. the current value of assets, was also negative and significant at the 95% level. Considering the influence of the exchange rate on the indicators of the stability of the value of assets, it is suggested that relying on domestic production and using raw materials available inside the country is one of the solutions to reduce losses caused by exchange rate fluctuations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - بررسی تأثیر بازار گرایی و ثبات مدیریتی برعملکردمالی شرکتها
ناصر سیف الهی -
Open Access Article
147 - The Position of Epistemology in the Knowledge of Geography
behzad fozooni vajargahThe science of geography is one of the most influential sciences in human life, which has had many changes in the past and present in terms of philosophical foundations. This development shows that the experts and thinkers of this field did not agree on the subject, nat MoreThe science of geography is one of the most influential sciences in human life, which has had many changes in the past and present in terms of philosophical foundations. This development shows that the experts and thinkers of this field did not agree on the subject, nature, and definition of this science; but despite these divisions in the science of geography, today this science has found many capabilities and has acquired new specialized trends with the technical tools it has. The philosophy of the field of geography, as the constitution or constitution of the scientific system of geography, has a key and central role in the scientific life of this field. Although the transformation in human life and its new needs initially led to a specialization in the sciences, but with the expansion of scientific branches, attention to the totality of human knowledge also became a common feeling among thinkers to explain with a new attitude in the first step. The philosophy of the science of geography should be discussed and in line with that, the state of geographical knowledge should be examined. Manuscript profile -
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148 - Fallibility and Certainty of mathematics in the perspective of Deductivism
mahmood koohgasht ahmad shahvarani mahmood abaee kopaniFallibility and Certainty of mathematics in the perspective of DeductivismAbstractThis research shows that fallibility, with all the transformations it has created, is flexible to some extent, and it is possible to establish a relationship between it and the certainty o MoreFallibility and Certainty of mathematics in the perspective of DeductivismAbstractThis research shows that fallibility, with all the transformations it has created, is flexible to some extent, and it is possible to establish a relationship between it and the certainty of mathematical concepts. This possibility is done through the revival of analogy. The distinction between pure and applied mathematics leads to an indisputable form of mathematical fallibility, especially in pure mathematics. Moreover, this distinction fits well with analogicalism. Because according to Einstein's attitude, although it is not possible to prove mathematical certainty in reality, it is possible in pure mathematics. As a result, analogism with the aim of proving theorems and mathematical concepts can eliminate some possible errors in mathematics, and corrections are integrated into analogism, and fallibility claims are recounted in their non-controversial forms.Key words: Mathematics, Fallibility, Certainty, Deductivism, ProofKey words: Mathematics, Fallibility, Certainty, Deductivism, Proof Manuscript profile -
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149 - The Philosophical Analysis of Shī‘ite Scholars’ Views on Badā’
حامد نامی اصفهانیBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have MoreBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have hesitated over it and tried to reject it and the others have tried to analyze and support it. In this respect, paying attention to the usage of this expression in the Divine Book and the Transmitted Traditions is very critical for analyzing it, because its understanding depends on the deep recognition of religious teachings. By quoting valid opinions, this essay tries to survey and criticize the views of Muslim scholars about Badā’. Manuscript profile -
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150 - Trump, overcoming institutionalism and challenging the status of "liberal hegemony" for the United States
Tajedin SalehiyanThe failure to strike a balance of power with the United States after the collapse of the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century has been a new phenomenon in international relations. Most liberals and proponents of hegemonic stability theory, along with America's extra MoreThe failure to strike a balance of power with the United States after the collapse of the Soviet Union for a quarter of a century has been a new phenomenon in international relations. Most liberals and proponents of hegemonic stability theory, along with America's extraordinary military power, have created international institutions, organizations, and regimes, produced public security, financial, commercial, and economic goods, multilateralism, and avoided unilateralism. Are considered to be the main reasons why the United States has gained the position of "liberal hegemony" and the balance of traditional power has not been formed against it. But with the coming to power of Donald Trump, and the policy of "America First" and the withdrawal of many international institutions and regimes, the refusal to produce public security and economic goods and the end of what he calls "free riding", the pursuit of nationalism Economic, one-sided, and ultimately disregard for the interests of other actors, including friends of allies, have seriously challenged America's position of "liberal hegemony.” Therefore, according to the teachings of the theory of hegemonic stability, the main purpose of this study is to state: US foreign policy in the Trump era, while passing the declared slogans, has undergone serious changes compared to the past, These changes have put the country's position in jeopardy, as Trump has taken steps to undermine the position of liberal hegemony by going through the elements of legitimacy. In this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used which has used library and electronic resources. Manuscript profile -
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151 - Analysis of the process of accession of the Republic of Serbia to the European Union with emphasis on economic behavior pattern
MOHAMMAD MAHDI FARAHMAND ALI ADAMIDue to its geopolitical and geostrategic position, the Western Balkans region has been of special importance to important and influential actors in various dimensions, and has always been the target of all regional and global powers and the place of the conflict of inte MoreDue to its geopolitical and geostrategic position, the Western Balkans region has been of special importance to important and influential actors in various dimensions, and has always been the target of all regional and global powers and the place of the conflict of interests. The Republic of Serbia, as the most important and largest republic of the Western Balkans, in order to achieve its strategic goal of joining the European Union, despite the conflicting interests of regional and international actors, to reform its economic infrastructure and better comply with EU standards He has joined this union. The present study seeks to analyze and explain the process of accession of the Republic of Serbia to the European Union, and to examine and evaluate the economic behavior pattern governing its foreign policy in the process of European integration. Accordingly, the question is what is the process of Serbia's accession to the European Union and the Euro-Atlantic structures, and what effect do the economic conditions and economic behavior of Serbian foreign policy have on this process? This study, in response to the main question, seeks to test the hypothesis that after the collapse of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Serbia, as the most important inheritor of crises and the weak economic structures left by it, in recent years has tried to use a development-based behavior model. Take steps towards the Stability and Cooperation Process (SAA) in order to adapt and harmonize itself with the standards defined by the European Union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Trans-Pacific Partnership and Rrebalancing of China’s Economic Influence
Mohammad Taghizadeh AnsariAbstract Beyond its dynamic economic effects, TPP also has powerful geopolitical implications. Centerpieces of United States policy toward Asia—especially East and Southeast Asia—during the Obama presidency have included the “pivot” or “reb MoreAbstract Beyond its dynamic economic effects, TPP also has powerful geopolitical implications. Centerpieces of United States policy toward Asia—especially East and Southeast Asia—during the Obama presidency have included the “pivot” or “rebalancing” on the security side and seeking Trans-Pacific Partnership as a massive trade agreement on the economic side, from the start, this particular trade pact has been as much about geopolitics as economics that with this pact US conspiracy aimed at the economic containment of the mainland. It is more than just a trade agreement and it represents a large market led by the US. In particular, the TPP will rewrite the rules of regional trade in a way that boosts the economies of the United States and its allies relative to the economy of Washington’s primary geopolitical rival, China. The post-war Asia Pacific regional order built by the United States and its allies now faces its greatest challenge since the end of the Cold War. Then the TPP has the potential to be a game-changer for the United States in Asia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - America's Foreign Policy in the Fight against Terrorism: Kabul-Washington Security Pact Aims and Consequences
Esmaeil Bibourdi کابک خبیزی محمد حسن شاه رضاییThe terrorism event of 11th September 2001 and invasion of U.S to Afghanistan during less than one month after this event (in 7th of October of the same year) makes Afghanistan as a focal point in U.S foreign policy. In this direction political and security changes in A MoreThe terrorism event of 11th September 2001 and invasion of U.S to Afghanistan during less than one month after this event (in 7th of October of the same year) makes Afghanistan as a focal point in U.S foreign policy. In this direction political and security changes in Afghanistan after raid to this country and capture it by allied forces, has been one of the most important and complicated regional and international challenges during past decay. This problem has been under the influence of some factors like bases, interests, objects and different policies, and in some various cases regional and international actors, in face of Afghanistan and uncertainty of common regional policy with respect to it. This changes has caused continuous political, social and security quarrels in this country. In a present century, whatever threatened the American interests in a view of U.S leaders is terrorism phenomenon. On the other side the focal point of U.S foreign policy in new thousandth is struggle with terrorism. American existence threat in recent years isn't from the side of international famous actors; the main disturbance of U.S leaders isn't arising from the interests struggle with continental powers or provisional powers but their pioneer challenge coming a different kind of actor in a scene. It is for the first time that the U.S during its history encounter with N.G.O actor as a main threat, so the U.S encounter with a threat that can call emergence of emerge terrorism. U.S hegemony power and vital role of this country in the world is a factor that create a universal new order and from the other side powerful presence of U.S in Afghanistan territory during past 13 years finally lead to drawn up Kabul-Washington security contract during Ashraf Ghany government caused that I reimburse to the role of U.S foreign policy in drawing up this contract and effect of it in the security of region and Islamic republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - International Studies in Perspective of Positivism and Post- Positivism Traditions in International Relations
Hassan EyvazzadehAbstract: The study of international relations fall into two epistemological traditions: Positivism and post-positivism. The main question is what is the purpose of research and study of international relations? This article argue that the Purpose affected by research MoreAbstract: The study of international relations fall into two epistemological traditions: Positivism and post-positivism. The main question is what is the purpose of research and study of international relations? This article argue that the Purpose affected by researcher epistemological Position. In the study of international relations if researcher stay put in framework of positivism epistemology, thus, your purpose of the study will be containment and prediction of international relations phenomena. But, if she/ he stay put in the post positivism epistemology the Purpose will be understanding and emancipation of phenomena. The logic of this article is dialectic logic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The position of economic policy in Turkey's political stability since 2002
mohammadreza saremi ardeshir sanaieMaintaining a regime from subversion through revolution or rebellion is always one of the most important issues in political systems, and political stability is also the temptation of those who are interested in the continuation of the political system. There are many f MoreMaintaining a regime from subversion through revolution or rebellion is always one of the most important issues in political systems, and political stability is also the temptation of those who are interested in the continuation of the political system. There are many factors contributing to the creation of stability or political change in the state. Important factors in this regard are incorrect economic policies and the lack of economic security, inequality, structural divide, inflation, and so on. It provides a source of political instability in society. Since 2002, with the advent of the Justice and Development Party, the Turkish government has been able to overcome economic problems by planning appropriate macroeconomic policies. But the question is: what has been the role of economic policy in creating political stability in Turkey? The hypothesis that can be raised is that economic policies have created political stability in this country. Accordingly, the macroeconomic government has been able to use the expansion of the private sector and increase competition, reduce domestic demand and export development, create incentives for attracting foreign capital, increase productivity and use of technology, To continue. In the monetary policy sector, it has been able to cut inflation below 5%. In the currency sector, with the change from the fixed exchange system to the floating exchange system, it has been able to help restore the value of the domestic currency. Which has given citizens satisfaction and political stability in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Mental Integration of Political Elites inside Government and Forming Stability in Political System
Reza Jalali Mehdi GholamiAbstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite’s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the proc MoreAbstract A historical studies show the key role of elites in cultural, economic and social changes of the society. Attention of the most advanced countries is based on country elite’s especially political elites of the ruler class who have a major role in the process of country decision-making and development. Then, this will shape in the shadow of stability in the society. In reality, political stability is an observer of the balance of nation demands from one side, and state function from other side. Other analyzers believe to the structural point of view which means the importance of political system. In their views, the system could give a direction to the political elites. Hence, this group is concentrating on the mental integration of political elites in terms of political stability. One of the major factors of stability in the political system is political elite’s consensus of opinions inside the government. This paper is attempting to analyze and compare these views about mental integration of political elites inside government and forming stability in political system Manuscript profile -
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157 - The role of exchange rate fluctuations on private sector investment in housing in Tehran using the Markov switching regime model
Aliakbar Mehrabian yazdan gudarzi farahaniThe purpose of this article was to investigate the role of exchange rate fluctuations on private sector investment in housing in Tehran. For this purpose, statistical data for the period 1970-2020 based on the frequency of annual data and the Markov switching regime app MoreThe purpose of this article was to investigate the role of exchange rate fluctuations on private sector investment in housing in Tehran. For this purpose, statistical data for the period 1970-2020 based on the frequency of annual data and the Markov switching regime approach have been used. In general, the developments in the housing sector play an essential role in intensifying the fluctuations of prosperity and stagnation of economic activities. Fluctuations in the return on other assets, such as currency, will affect demand for housing. When a monetary shock occurs, it changes the opportunity cost of maintaining durable goods, including housing, by changing interest rates, and this shock is due in part to the demand for housing resulting from the demand for services. The result of this property affects the housing. The results of this study showed that the exchange rate in the two currency regimes of high and low fluctuations has affected the investment of the private sector in housing in Tehran. The results also showed that the stability of the regime with high fluctuations in exchange rate volatility is greater than the stability of the regime with low fluctuations in exchange rate volatility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The Relationship between Earning Management and Debt
Bahman Banimahd Abdolreza Arab AmeriThis paper studies relation between earnings management and debt ratio in listed companies on Tehran stock exchange during 1380 to 1386 in 45 firms. The outcomes of this study indicate that there is no relation between the earnings management and debt ratio. We also fin MoreThis paper studies relation between earnings management and debt ratio in listed companies on Tehran stock exchange during 1380 to 1386 in 45 firms. The outcomes of this study indicate that there is no relation between the earnings management and debt ratio. We also find no relation between firm size and debt ratio. But there is a negative relation between firm profitability and sale growth with debt in study sample. meanwhile, the results of study show a positive relation between fix asset ratio and debt. Our main finding is that there is no relation between debt hypothesis of positive accounting researches and earnings management in study sample. This could be contribute to the literature on earnings management and positive accounting study in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - کیفیت سود و سیاست توزیع سود نقدی شواهدی از بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
جواد مرادی محمد سیرانی محسن سیاح رزیانی -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigating the Relationship between VAT and Consistency of Procedure, Uniformity and Substance over Form of Accounting Information
Sara Yousefzadeh Ghodratollah Talebnia Jalil BeytariAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The statistical population of this study includes VAT experts and specialists and experts of th MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The statistical population of this study includes VAT experts and specialists and experts of the Tax Affairs Organization and corporate taxpayers. 328 questionnaires were examined using questionnaires extracted by Likert scale Have been reviewed. Its validity was also assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Amos software was used to analyze the data. The results of the VAT relationship test with each of the independent variables separately indicate that all hypotheses have been confirmed with 95% confidence. The results of this study indicate a direct relationship between VAT and consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information. The results indicate that having consistency of procedure, uniformity and substance over form of accounting information improves the quality of VAT accounting. These results can be used by the auditing organization, the tax administration, the managers and chief accountants, and the financial staff to conduct financial operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Sociological Analysis of Accounting Theories
Zahra Madahi Reza Gholami Jamkarani Majid Zakjirdat Hassan KheiriAbstract Due to the existence of various paradigms and theories in accounting and the lack of a clear classification of accounting theories, as well as the lack of a complete and well-defined framework of accounting theories in terms of sociological paradigms, we decid MoreAbstract Due to the existence of various paradigms and theories in accounting and the lack of a clear classification of accounting theories, as well as the lack of a complete and well-defined framework of accounting theories in terms of sociological paradigms, we decided to take accounting theories into a broader sociological context. Communicate them. To achieve this goal, we used the content analysis method. In this way, first, by examining sociological schools and theories, the three main paradigms of positivism, interpretative and criticism were identified and the components that were the characteristics of these paradigms were extracted and categorized from the themes, and then the outputs were approved by professors. Sociology and then accounting theories and various theories using the method of extracting books and texts and articles extracted and sociological components in the context of accounting theories are searched and analyzed and at the end of accounting theories according to The extracted themes and their analytical codes are classified and analyzed and interpreted based on the obtained results.The results of thematic analysis placed accounting theories in three main categories of sociological, positivist, interpretive and critical paradigms. According to the research results, most accounting theories are in the category of interpretive theories. This shows the effective role of people related to these theories, including accountants, managers and investors, etc. There is also the issue of paradigmatic sputum among some accounting theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Examples of Reference to an Expert in Emamiyah jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Mohammad Ojagh Mohammad Ali Safa Mehdi BahrehmandAn expert's opinion is an investigation that the court entrusts to a competent person called an expert in order to distinguish the right by preparing its preparations and asks him to provide technical and specialized information that is not available to the court in ord MoreAn expert's opinion is an investigation that the court entrusts to a competent person called an expert in order to distinguish the right by preparing its preparations and asks him to provide technical and specialized information that is not available to the court in order to resolve legal and criminal cases. put In fact, the purpose of the current research is to examine jurisprudential and legal examples of referring to an expert, which is written in a descriptive-analytical way and with library tools, and the findings of the research indicate that in the current situation and with the specialization of affairs and also considering the complexity Court cases, especially in the fields where the judge has no expertise in this field, there is no other option but to cite and refer to the expert's theory. In order to give validity to the evidential power of the said theory, the legislator has set conditions, including the reliability of the expert, and if those conditions are established, the opinion He considers the expert to be reliable, although due to the large number of cases and the ease of the proceedings, he does not consider it necessary to achieve justice even in the criminal cases referred to the forensic medicine because it is not easily possible, and he cites the doctor's theory. But the existence of these conditions does not mean that the judge is obliged to give effect to the expert's opinion, except in cases of non-compliance with the researcher's circumstances. Therefore, if necessary, the judge will refer to the expert's opinion, and he is free to accept or reject it, and basically, the judge will examine and evaluate the evidence based on his broad authority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Modeling the spread of risks in the financial network
naser haghi seyfedin Nader Rezaei Rasoul ABDI yagob agdam mazraeThe purpose of this study is to model the spread of risks in the financial network. In this study, using MATLAB software, the interdependencies of claims and liabilities of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange as a financial network are modeled and the spread o MoreThe purpose of this study is to model the spread of risks in the financial network. In this study, using MATLAB software, the interdependencies of claims and liabilities of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange as a financial network are modeled and the spread of default in it is simulated. This research is among the applied researches. The statistical population of the studied information is 407 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 1393-1397. The results of this study emphasize the role of "contagious links" and show that the organizations that have the greatest impact on network instability have more contact with network members or a large proportion of contagious links. In this study, we consider a directional graph with a sequence of degrees and an optional weight distribution. Asymptotic results show that there is good agreement with simulation for networks of realistic size. In this study, we consider a directional graph with a sequence of degrees and an optional weight distribution. Asymptotic results show that there is good agreement with simulation for networks of realistic size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Provide a model for identifying the factors affecting the instabilityof the Tehran Stock Exchange based on the Grounded theory
hossein hashemnezhad Khadijeh Ebrahimi Mehdi Safari GrailiAbstractInvestigating the instability of financial markets, including the stock exchange, is considered one of the most important topics in the literature of international finance. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify the main and sub-components affe MoreAbstractInvestigating the instability of financial markets, including the stock exchange, is considered one of the most important topics in the literature of international finance. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify the main and sub-components affecting the volatility of Tehran Stock Exchange and to present the relevant conceptual model based on the foundation's data analysis. The methodology of this research is part of exploratory research in terms of its goal and its implementation method is qualitative. The statistical population of this research includes financial experts, who were selected by using the snowball sampling method in the number of 14 people. Then by conducting interviews, collecting the necessary data and after coding, the research model based on the theoretical framework includes 12 sub-components in the form of 4 main components: 1) Characteristics of Tehran Stock Exchange 2) Economic factors 3) Political factors 4) The influence of the government was designed. And solutions related to the management of the above factors are also provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - بررسی ایستایی ریسک سیستماتیک پرتفوی سرمایه گذاری
جعفر حاجی بزرگی محمد جواد آخوندیان -
Open Access Article
166 - The impact of importing food products on economic instability and the related jurisprudence
fatemeh nematiThe import of food products is an economic problem that has created harmful effects for various parts of the country's system in recent years. This import threatens food security and national security and ultimately national identity. In the present research, the issue MoreThe import of food products is an economic problem that has created harmful effects for various parts of the country's system in recent years. This import threatens food security and national security and ultimately national identity. In the present research, the issue of jurisprudence rulings on the import of foodstuffs and its effects on economic instability has been investigated in a descriptive-analytical way. Paying attention to Islamic and jurisprudential values can help us in solving this social problem. Jurisprudence is the basic foundation of the laws of every Islamic society and is effective in creating economic stability. For this purpose, the mandatory ruling on the import of foodstuffs was examined in terms of importation against the law of the country and the importation of forbidden and suspicious foodstuff, and the ruling was given regarding the sanctity of illegal and forbidden importation, and in the case of questionable importation, based on the public and the application of evidence, the ruling was in favor of Halit. was given and regarding the status ruling related to the importation of food products, validity, invalidity and guarantee of this import, it was examined and in some cases, referring to jurisprudence rules, the ruling was given as valid and in some cases, the ruling was given as invalid, and considering All food import transactions are guaranteed according to the rule of "the whole guarantee is correct, and the guarantee is corrupt". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The effect of crimes committed in Myanmar on the economic instability of countries.
sajjad rahmati jamal beigi babak poorgahremaniEconomic security is necessary for national security, and economic progress also leads to social, cultural, and military progress. Without it, all the aforementioned activities will be disrupted. One of the things that endangers the economic security of countries is the MoreEconomic security is necessary for national security, and economic progress also leads to social, cultural, and military progress. Without it, all the aforementioned activities will be disrupted. One of the things that endangers the economic security of countries is the crimes committed in Myanmar. Which includes crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity and war, and this article seeks to investigate how the crimes committed in Myanmar affect economic instability. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and data collection is also in the form of data collection. The method of carrying out the research is qualitative and the findings of the research indicate that as a result of the crimes committed in Myanmar, the economic instability of the countries also increases, and also the crimes have occurred, and as a result, the increase in immigration, the decrease in the gross national product, the killing of Muslims, destruction And killing and looting in Myanmar will cause economic instability in countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Analyzing the Effect of Trade Openness and Good Governance on the Volatility of Economic Growth in Iran
mostafa rajabi Parnian ZarbakhshThe first goal of any economy to move on the path of growth and development is to achieve sustainable growth. Hence, countries are working to reduce volatility in economic growth. One of the factors affecting the volatility of economic growth is foreign trade. The effec MoreThe first goal of any economy to move on the path of growth and development is to achieve sustainable growth. Hence, countries are working to reduce volatility in economic growth. One of the factors affecting the volatility of economic growth is foreign trade. The effect of this variable on the volatility of economic growth is different in different countries and one of the reasons is the difference in the institutions of countries. The present study seeks to answer the question of how trade openness considering the situation of government institutions has an effect on the volatility of Iran's economic growth. For this purpose, the volatility of economic growth was obtained by calculating the standard deviation of economic growth. The ratio of exports plus imports to GDP as a degree of trade openness, an average of six indicators of good governance including the Voice and Accountability, Political stability, Government Effectiveness , Regulatory Quality , Rule of Law and Control of Corruption as indicators of political governance and the ratio of government debt to GDP were also used as alternative to government economic governance. In order to achieve the research goal for the Iranian economy during the period 1996-2019, the model was estimated by ARDL method. The results showed that during the study period, increasing trade openness and improving good governance has led to a decrease in the volatility of Iran's economic growth. On the other hand, the increase in the government's economic governance has increased the instability of Iran's economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - The Impact of Corporate Tax Revenue Instability on Economic Growth Rate in IRAN: 1993-2014
M. Rajabi S. zendehdelIncome tax, source of funding and fiscal policy tools to achieve the economic government targets.Fluctuations or instability revenue, causes that the government in planning, to rely on an unreliable source of income and thus, its long-term goals and plans, fail. So, the MoreIncome tax, source of funding and fiscal policy tools to achieve the economic government targets.Fluctuations or instability revenue, causes that the government in planning, to rely on an unreliable source of income and thus, its long-term goals and plans, fail. So, the aim of this study, is to analyze the impact of instability in corporate income tax (CIT) on economic growth in Iran. To reach the goal, the first in a regression model using generalized least squares method, the effect of different variables on corporate income tax and it was calculated error terms. Then the error terms as the instability of corporate income tax and the independent variable in growth model using Auto Regressive Distributed Lags, considered and estimated. To estimate the model, seasonal and variable data for the period: 1993-2014 extracted in the Central Bank of Iran site. The result shows that in the short term, corporate income tax behave differently on economic growth. And in the same time period drastically different effect, but in short run, have a negative effect in subsequent periods like the positive and negative effects of the business cycle due to the seasonality of the data. As a result of long-term negative impact on economic growth with high levels of statistical significance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Miderating Effect of Bilateral Investment Treaty Stringency on the Relationship between Political Instability and Subsidiary Ownership
mostafa heidari haratemehDeveloped industrialized countries use bilateral investment treaties to protect the rights of companies when investing in uncertain markets but developing and emerging countries are concluding BITs to attract more foreign direct investment and compete for a larger share MoreDeveloped industrialized countries use bilateral investment treaties to protect the rights of companies when investing in uncertain markets but developing and emerging countries are concluding BITs to attract more foreign direct investment and compete for a larger share of FDI. a range of developing and newly industrialized countries with a sample of 156 in a 15-year period from 2004 to 2019 with an average of 3 new foreign investments per year were selected and analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results showed: a) The effect of political instability variables and BIT stringency is not significant in non-interactively, but interactively with increasing political instability, BITs reverse the priorities of MNEs to choose majority ownership over minority ownership. b) At higher levels of political instability, greater BIT stringency increases the likelihood of increasing MNE selection from stocks. C) The stringency of BIT acts to moderate the relationship between political instability and the choice of sub-ownership in host countries. And more stringent BIT, as political instability increases, encourages the MNE to choose majority ownership over minority. Thus, more stringent bilateral investment treaties encourage multinational corporations to choose majority stocks as political instability increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - The effect of dividend policy on the financial stability of Iranian banks
Seyyed Yahya Asadollahi Somayeh Matin Marzieh YosofinejadPurpose: The present study examines the effect of dividend policy on the financial stability of banks. For this purpose, the relationship between the dividend policy and the stability of the dividend policy with the financial stability of banks in the long and short ter MorePurpose: The present study examines the effect of dividend policy on the financial stability of banks. For this purpose, the relationship between the dividend policy and the stability of the dividend policy with the financial stability of banks in the long and short term was tested. Methodology: In this research, 23 banks admitted to the Tehran stock exchange and over-the-counter stock exchange in the period between 2011 and 2019 were examined. The data of the research was collected with the approach of mixed data and using the estimation method of the vector autoregression model by the method of co-accumulation of Johansson-Josilius and the vector error correction model and it was statistically analyzed with the help of Eviews software.Findings: The results of the research show that the ratio of dividends paid has a positive and significant effect on the financial stability of banks in the long term, and the ratio of accumulated profits also has a negative and significant effect on the financial stability of banks in the long term, and the findings showed that stability in the distribution policy Dividends have a positive and significant effect on the financial stability of banks in the long term.Originality/scientific added value: The importance of the financial stability of banks in the monetary system has made it necessary to study the effect of profit sharing policies on the financial stability of banks. Dividends can have a great impact on the cost of capital, financial risks and the future price of banks' stocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - اثر خستگی عضلات مرکزی بدن بر چابکی دختران ورزشکار
سهیلا مینائی علی اکبر جدیدیان -
Open Access Article
173 - The Effect of Core Muscles’ Fatigue on Agility in Female Athletes
sohila minaei aliakbar jadidiyanFatigue is a common phenomenon during sports activities affecting athletic performance. Core muscle actions can affect performance of the whole body and extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core muscle fatigue on female athletes’ agi MoreFatigue is a common phenomenon during sports activities affecting athletic performance. Core muscle actions can affect performance of the whole body and extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of core muscle fatigue on female athletes’ agility. 30 healthy female students, active in sports teams, accomplished Illinois, 505 and T agility tests on two sessions. The first was held before and the second after the fatigue protocol. Within group comparisons were determined with paired t test. The results showed that core muscles fatigue can lead to significant reduction in agility tests scores (p < 0/05). Further, Cohen’s effect size value of T (d=0/673), 505 (d=1/925) and Illinois (d=1/873) agility tests suggested a moderate, and high to very high practical significance. According to the results, it is recommended to perform functional exercises simulated to sport activities; including agility and core stability exercises to prevent fatigue and injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Structure of the Political Elite’s Behavioral Patterns in Iran after Islamic Revolution
Daryoush Piri nooshin mirzaei jegarloeiThe current study aims to investigate the behavioral patterns of the political elite and their consequences on Iran’s political stability. A plethora of researchers have studied the significant role of the political elite and have examined their behavioral pattern MoreThe current study aims to investigate the behavioral patterns of the political elite and their consequences on Iran’s political stability. A plethora of researchers have studied the significant role of the political elite and have examined their behavioral patterns within societies which portrays its importance in the field of political sociology. To this end, the school of elitism has been coined by scholars in political sociology in order to consider this field as vital in sociology in the generic sense of the word. With regard to the elite performance in Iran, a large number of researchers such as Zonis have theorized a variety of concepts which have led to the identification of the political elite behavioral patterns in Iran before Islamic Republic of Iran’s revolution. In line with Zonis’ viewpoints, many other theorists, also, hold that the behavioral pattern of the elite, specifically their political behavior, share features with Higley and Burton’s disperse or disconsensus theory. In their model, they argue that there are some features for the behavioral patterns of the elite which have led to the non-stability and lack of political development in the developing countries such as Iran as history have showed us. In particular, such behavioral patterns in Iran have rooted deeply in Iranian political, cultural, and social patterns in a way that Iranian political society has been afflicted with a non-developmental disease both before and after the Islamic Republic of Iran’s revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Political and social consequences of the emergence of the new middle class in Iran during the Second Pahlavi era
saeed jahangiri Abolghasem TaheriThe present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social MoreThe present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social participation, and therefore, contrary to what the government had before, became a government against it. In this regard, different perspectives on the concept of the middle class and the new middle class are presented, and then its historical expansion process is explained in the period under discussion of this paper. The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytic and has been discussed from the angles of this issue. This article attempts to use the concepts and topics in sociology and political sciences about social classes to explain the historical changes of the period under discussion. Accordingly, the fundamental question of the present research is how does the new middle class play a role in the political development of Iran during the Pahlavi era Second has Based on this hypothesis, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's strategic mistakes led to a decline in political development in the growth of the new middle class and the failure to meet their basic qualitative and traditional demands and the new middle class coalition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Good governance and discourse governing the executive branch in Iran
naser enayat masoud motallebi"Good governance" is one of the indicators used during economic development. An index presented by the World Bank and in recent years has attracted the attention of many economic analysts and even political economists in Iran. An index that has 6 components t More"Good governance" is one of the indicators used during economic development. An index presented by the World Bank and in recent years has attracted the attention of many economic analysts and even political economists in Iran. An index that has 6 components to measure, including: the rule of law, political stability, corruption control, the effectiveness of government effectiveness, the right to comment and answer, and the quality of laws and regulations. But different governments seek to realize and implement these components under the influence of their ruling discourse. Therefore, measuring good governance as an important component in measuring the performance of governments, which has received attention in recent years in Iran, is to understand the internal discourse of governments. In this research, we seek to examine the discourse of the two governments of Ahmadinejad and Rouhani and the impact of these discourses on good governance on the executive branch in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Intra-regional security and hegemonic stability of the Middle East countries
mohama javad reshidi fakhredin soltani مریم مرادیConsidering the special and different characteristics of the Middle East countries, the issue of intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region can be considered as one of the important concerns in the analysis of the nature of the relations between the MoreConsidering the special and different characteristics of the Middle East countries, the issue of intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region can be considered as one of the important concerns in the analysis of the nature of the relations between the countries of the region. The main goal of the current research is intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region, which is important for government actors. The main question is how does intra-regional security affect hegemonic stability? The main hypothesis is that; The development and deepening of intra-regional security can lead to hegemonic stability and the development of sustainable security through convergence and de-escalation in the field of relations between governments. In addition to this, the division of power between the powers of the region on the one hand and the all-round growth of economic, political and security relations on the other hand can be a solution to the problems faced by the countries of the region. The research method is a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, and the method of collecting information is library-based and analyzing the collected data using the qualitative analysis method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - ی
احسان یاری حسین غضنفری -
Open Access Article
179 - Interaction of central stabilizer and neuromuscular trainings with hopping on pain and function of women with functional ankle instability
Elham Falahat Pisheh صدرالدین شجاع الدینThe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of six weeks of combined exercises (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and hopping on pain and functional characteristics of women with functional ankle instability. 30 active women with functional ankle instabil MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of six weeks of combined exercises (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and hopping on pain and functional characteristics of women with functional ankle instability. 30 active women with functional ankle instability They voluntarily participated in this study and randomly participated in three groups of ten people: combined exercises, hopping and control. Before and after the exercises, all subjects were re-tested in order to check the amount of pain and functional characteristics. In order to check the pain level, the VAS pain questionnaire was used to check the functional characteristics of the lateral jump test, Latin eight jump test, single leg triple jump test and the foot and ankle ability assessment questionnaire in daily and sports activities. Then, combined training groups (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and hopping performed their exercises for six weeks (three sessions of 60 minutes per week). The results showed that performing six weeks of hopping exercises resulted in a greater improvement in performance compared to combined exercises (central stabilizer and neuromuscular) and combined exercises compared to hopping had a greater effect in improving ankle pain in women with functional ankle instability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Comparison effect of eight weeks' core with plyometric training on range of motion and power athletes with chronic ankle sprain
Sajad Hamzeh Abdullah Albujasim Hamid TabatabaeiThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of core with plyometric training on rang of motion and power athletes with chronic ankle sprain. The statistical population of this study included all young boys with ankle sprain. The sample consisted MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of core with plyometric training on rang of motion and power athletes with chronic ankle sprain. The statistical population of this study included all young boys with ankle sprain. The sample consisted of 30 subjects (10 for each group), who were initially targeted and finally randomly selected and matched to three groups of (Core stability, Plyometric) and control group were divided. The explosive power and range of motion (dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) were evaluated and measured before the start of the training protocol. The experimental group performed their exercises consisting of core stability and plyometric exercises for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not perform any training activity during the study. Finally, after the exercise protocol, a test was used to evaluate the variables. To determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test of each of the experimental and control groups, the dependent and independent t-test were used by SPSS software. The results showed that Core stability training had a significant effect on power, but there was no significant difference in range of motion (plantar flexion and dorsiflexion) and no significant improvement from pre-test to post-test. Plyometric exercises had significant effect on ankle strength and range of motion (plantar flexion and dorsiflexion). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Effectiveness of training packages of Yang's reasoning on mood instability and perception of social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Miad Sayfi pour Ilnaz Sajadian Mohammad Ali NadiThe present study investigated the effectiveness of of training packages of Yang's reasoning on mood instability and perception of social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, pos MoreThe present study investigated the effectiveness of of training packages of Yang's reasoning on mood instability and perception of social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the research was children aged 8 to 12 years with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who had referred to specialized occupational therapy centers in Isfahan city in the fall of 1400. Among them, 30 children were selected in a purposeful way and randomly placed in two groups of 15 people (experimental and control).The research tools included Shields & Cicchetti's emotion regulation checklist (1998) and Parandin's social competence scale (2015). The experimental group was trained in Yang's reasoning and thinking skills during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results indicated a significant and stable effect of Yang's reasoning and thinking skills package on mood instability and social competence perception (p<0.001). Therefore, Yang's reasoning and thinking skills package can be used to reduce mood instability and improve the social competence of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Investigating the short-term and long-term effects of financial literacy, financial inclusion and social development on financial stability in OPEC countries using the PARDL method
marwan abdolrazagh matar hosein sharifi renani adeeb GHasem SHandi Bahar HafeziSocial development is the process of creating fundamental transformations with the aim of social integration, social cohesion, and accountability of facilities brokers and powerful organizations, which can have economic consequences due to its multidimensional nature. A MoreSocial development is the process of creating fundamental transformations with the aim of social integration, social cohesion, and accountability of facilities brokers and powerful organizations, which can have economic consequences due to its multidimensional nature. Among these consequences, we can refer to the category of financial stability. In addition, financial inclusion and financial literacy are two other concepts that can be related to financial stability. In this regard, in this research, the short-term and long-term effects of financial literacy, financial inclusion and social development on financial stability in 17 OPEC member countries including Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Solomon Islands, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Ecuador, Angola, Venezuela, Nigeria, Gabon, Guinea, Congo and Indonesia are covered during the years 2010 to 2023. In order to analyze the data, the panel data regression method with the autoregression approach with PARDL distribution breaks has been used. The findings of the research showed that the promotion of social development can have a positive and strengthening role in the financial stability of the studied countries in the short and long term. Other findings showed that financial inclusion had a negative effect in the short term, but a positive and significant effect on financial stability in the studied countries in the long term. It was also observed that finally, financial literacy has been able to improve financial stability in the studied countries both in the short term and in the long term. Based on this, it is concluded that social development, due to its broad dimensions, as well as financial inclusion and financial literacy, should be considered as effective factors on financial stability in the countries under review, both in the short term and in the long term. There should be an opinion. Manuscript profile
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