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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the relationship between job plateau and organizational silence through job motivation from the perspective of employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
Omid Safari Gholamreza SafariObjective: The purpose of this study was to Study the Relationship between Career Plateau and Organizational Silence through Career Motivation from the Perspective the staff of Fars General Directorate of Sports and Youth. Methods: The present study was applied in term MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to Study the Relationship between Career Plateau and Organizational Silence through Career Motivation from the Perspective the staff of Fars General Directorate of Sports and Youth. Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method and cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population in this study, all employees of the Fars General Directorate of Sports and Youth, including 114 people and according to Morgan's table, 90 people were considered as a sample. In this study, standard questionnaires of atmosphere of silence of Van Dyne et al. (2003), job motivation of Rezaei (2003) and job burnout of Milliman (1992) were used to collect statistical information. The content validity of all three questionnaires was confirmed by experts and its reliability was determined after a test run among 30 employees by calculating Cronbach's alpha for the three questionnaires, respectively 0.929, 0.821 and 0.895. Pearson correlation tests, regression analysis, structural equations and path analysis and SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between job plateau and its components with organizational silence; There was a negative and significant relationship between the variable of job plateau and its components with job motivation and a negative and significant relationship between the variable of job motivation and its components with organizational silence. The results of regression analysis test showed that the job plateau variable and its components can predict organizational silence and job motivation and the job motivation variable and its components can predict organizational silence. Finally, the results of structural equations showed that there is a significant relationship between job plateau and organizational silence through job motivation of the staff of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars. Conclusions: Therefore, in order to effectively use the views and opinions of the employees of this organization, it is better to try to reduce the job plateau to the minimum possible so that we can create more efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Determining the relationship between organizational climate and organizational silence through perceived social support in the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
nasibala ghashtasebi omid safariObjective: The purpose of this research is the relationship between the organizational climate and employees' silence through the social support perceived by the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research is applied and descriptive MoreObjective: The purpose of this research is the relationship between the organizational climate and employees' silence through the social support perceived by the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research is applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was 114 employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars, of which 92 people were selected as a sample using the total number sampling method. The data collection tools were standard organizational climate questionnaires by Hoppin and Croft (1963), organizational silence by van Dyne et al. (2003) and perceived social support by Zimmet et al. (1988). Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear regression, and structural equations were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the research showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between organizational climate and perceived social support and employee silence, and there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational climates and perceived social support. Also, the relationship between organizational climate and employee silence through perceived social support was not significant. Conclusions: So we conclude that whit welcoming managers, criticisms and opinions of employees and encouraging them to express their differences of opinion on issue, organization can be effective in reducing organizational silence and creating an appropriate organizational atmosphere. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effect of macho leadership on development of hypocritical behaviors: Explaining the mediating role of organizational silence
Seyed Abdolrasoul Hosseini امین زارعBackground: One of the important factors in the organization is the macho leadership style, which is the underlying cause of hypocritical behaviors and organizational silence. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the macho leadership style on the dev MoreBackground: One of the important factors in the organization is the macho leadership style, which is the underlying cause of hypocritical behaviors and organizational silence. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the macho leadership style on the development of hypocritical behaviors in interpersonal relations with a focus on the mediating role of organizational silence. Methodology: This study is considered as an applied research in terms of its objectives and a descriptive-survey research in terms of the methodology used to conduct the study. The research population included employees working in one of law enforcement agencies in Fars Province. The instruments used to collect the data were macho leadership questionnaire, hypocritical behavior scale, and organizational silence inventory. The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: The test results confirmed the conceptual model of the study. A significant relationship between was found between macho leadership style, organizational silence, and hypocritical behaviors. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that macho leadership style positive and significant effect on hypocritical behaviors and organizational silence. It was also noted that organizational silence has positive and significant effect on hypocritical behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Identification of Obstacles Caused by Organizational Silence in Policies for Paying Medical Expenses in Social Security Organization of Alborz Province
Sedighe Tootian Esfehani بهاره جودی نژادBackground: Organizational silence is a phenomenon in which employees of the organization for various reasons refuse to comment. Managers ought to resolve the main obstacles which result in organizational silence. Disregarding this issue can lead to stagnation and MoreBackground: Organizational silence is a phenomenon in which employees of the organization for various reasons refuse to comment. Managers ought to resolve the main obstacles which result in organizational silence. Disregarding this issue can lead to stagnation and even death of the organization. Purpose: Identification of obstacles caused by organizational silence in policies for paying medical expenses. Methodology: The research methodology with respect to its purpose is applied research, and in terms of data collection, the study is exploratory data collection. Data collection method consists of literature review and field study in which the paired questionnaire tool was utilized. The statistical population of this research consists of all personnel of the Social Security Organization of Alborz Province, which were selected via random sampling to 137 individuals according to Morgan table. Results: Individual barriers with a coefficient weight of 0.418 is ranked first in obstacles caused by organizational silence. Organizational barriers with weight coefficient of 0.330 ranked the second. Socio-cultural barriers with a coefficient of 0.174 were ranked the third. Lastly, management barriers with a weight coefficient of 0.078 ranked fourth with respect to policies for paying medical expenses in the social security organization of Alborz province. Conclusion:In the organizational environment where silence has turned into a norm, staff dissatisfaction is amplified. Conversely, organizations that have the ability to hear the truth are identified as a good and successful organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Studying the relationship between organizational silence and citizenship behavior based on the mediating role of organizational commitment in khash Agriculture Organization
Zakaria Suri Zehi Gholam Jabbari amir torbatiThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational silence and citizenship behavior regarding a mediating role as organizational commitment of employees. This research is one of the Descriptive and Correlational researches. The population MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between organizational silence and citizenship behavior regarding a mediating role as organizational commitment of employees. This research is one of the Descriptive and Correlational researches. The population of this study consists of all staff members of khash Agriculture Organization whose number is 67. The present sample in this study composed of all employees of the organization. The data were collected by using a standardized questionnaire for each variable, including organizational silence questionnaires (14 questions), OCB [organizational citizenship behavior] (14 questions) and organizational commitment (24 questions). After distributing questionnaires among the employees of the organization, 61 questionnaires were collected. Data analysis was done by using structural equations and Amoos software. The results show that organizational silence with increased organizational commitment has no effect on organizational citizenship behavior. In other words, organizational commitment is not a mediator between organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Soundscape Evaluation of Mashhad Melat Park Sidewalk (Case Study: Emamat Boulevard)
Bahareh Khalesi Maryam Daneshvar -
Open Access Article
7 - Validating Organizational Silence Questionnaire at Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of Iran
Salah Naghshbandi Nazanin Rasekh Fahimeh Mohammadhassan -
Open Access Article
8 - A Consideration on the Problem of Legislator Silence
Reza Ranjbar Rahim VakilzadeThe discussion of silence of law maker has deeply connected to thesubject of sources of orderes inference. If we regard the reason andmethods of rationalists as a orderes source , we can not claim thatthere are all orderes , generally and particularly , in Quran andTrad MoreThe discussion of silence of law maker has deeply connected to thesubject of sources of orderes inference. If we regard the reason andmethods of rationalists as a orderes source , we can not claim thatthere are all orderes , generally and particularly , in Quran andTradition (sunah) , but we see that in addition to holy scripture andtradition, The reason is regarded not only as a instrument of holyscripture and tradition understanding , but also as a sourse of issuingorderes that human societies need them. This thesis can provide thesituation for dialog and harmony of science and religion. If oneregard holy scripture and tradition as a only valid source of ordersinference and on the other hand claims that the religion can satisfyall needs and demands of humanity and that Islam is final religion,Then he will deny the silence of law maker and believes that allmatters and subjects have their own canonical orders. There aredifferent views concerning this matter. A group believe theinclusivness and self-sufficiency of holy scripture and tradition insatisfiny of all humanity needs and demands. And another grouphas not accepted such a inclusiveness and self-sufficiency. Thirdgroup has accepted middle and moderate view. We claim in thisessay that the third view namely middle view is closer to the truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Survey the Causal Relationship between Organizational Silence in the Cultural Organizations of Isfahan and Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment
Akram Akbarian Mohammad Esmail Ansari Ali Shaemi Narges KeshtiarayBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between Silence in the Cultural Organizations of Isfahan and Organizational citizenship behavior with mediating role of organizational commitment. Methods: The present study use MoreBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between Silence in the Cultural Organizations of Isfahan and Organizational citizenship behavior with mediating role of organizational commitment. Methods: The present study uses a survey and its statistical population includes all employees of cultural organizations in Isfahan city, Iran. 120 validated questionnaires were administered among the employees and then were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics v21 and LISRELv5.8 using the SEM and regression tests. Findings: The findings suggest that the t-statistic for evaluating the causal relationship between all variables, including the main variables such organizational silence with organizational commitment, organizational commitment with organizational citizenship behavior and organizational silence with organizational citizenship behavior is more than 1.96 (P> 05/0) and so is significant. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a causal relationship between organizational silence and organizational citizenship behavior component. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Effect of Organizational Silence on Employees’ Performance According to Mediating Role of Organizational Culture
hajieh rajabi farjad somayeh rezaeiIntroduction and purpose of the Research: organizational culture, identifies the social identity of each organization and many of organizations have realized this obvious conundrum that most employees know the facts in relation to organizational issues and problems, but MoreIntroduction and purpose of the Research: organizational culture, identifies the social identity of each organization and many of organizations have realized this obvious conundrum that most employees know the facts in relation to organizational issues and problems, but don’t dare to express this facts. In fact, organizational silence is a non - efficient process that eliminates all organizational efforts. Current study is conducted to investigate the effect of organizational silence on employee performance considering the mediating role of organizational culture of the headquarters of the University of medical Science and Health Services in Iran. Methods: Research method based on the goal was Applica tonal and descriptive one. The statistical universe of this research which included all employees in headquarters of the University of Medical Sciences and health services in Iran, were 214 persons which among them, using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method, 138 individuals were considered as the sample size. Data were collected using Van Dyne et al. (2003) standard 15 - question questionnaire study for organizational silence, Denison (2000) fifty -question questionnaire of organizational culture and 40 questions to measure the performance of employees based on the standard Hersi & Goldsmith (2005) questionnaire. Reliability of this questionnaire using Cronbach's Alpha for all dimensions of the questionnaire was more than 0.7 which showed the good reliability of research tools. In order to calculate the validity, construct validity is used and the results indicated validity of the tools (AVE> 0.5). Foundings: Data analysis was done using the structural equations modeling method. The results of the research indicate to the suitable fitness of conceptual model, based on the indices of acceptable and significant values of consistency coefficients, factor loads, explained variance and index of GOF. Conclusions: The results of the research showed that organizational science, with intermediating of the organizational culture on performance of the staff, influences meaningfully and is negative. Value of non-direct severity of the impact through the variable of mediating organizational culture with the use of the VAF index, was -0.426. Also, the effect of organizational silence on organizational culture, negatively and culture on employee performance, positive and meaningful, has been confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The impact of Psychological Capital on Organizational Silence in Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province
Ghazal Ahmadi کیومرث Azeri needs محمد Salehiintroduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological capital on organizational silence in Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran Province. Research method: The research method was descriptive-correlation. Results: The resul Moreintroduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological capital on organizational silence in Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran Province. Research method: The research method was descriptive-correlation. Results: The results of structural equation test showed that psychological capital has a negative and significant effect on organizational silence. Conclusion: The results of structural equation testing showed that psychological capital has a negative and significant effect on organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - An Explanation of the Role of Normative Variables in Organizational Silence
ثمین kh asghar sharifi mohammad naghi imaniOrganizational silence can be an obstacle for ideas and individuals in an organization to be expressed, so the identification of the factors influencing it and an attempt to eliminate them can facilitate the expression of ideas, opinions, and employees’ points of MoreOrganizational silence can be an obstacle for ideas and individuals in an organization to be expressed, so the identification of the factors influencing it and an attempt to eliminate them can facilitate the expression of ideas, opinions, and employees’ points of view. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of normative variables in organizational silence. This research is a qualitative research that was conducted using a grounded theory approach. The statistical population included 10 experts and specialists in the management of municipalities who were selected by using a purposive sampling approach as contributors in the research. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with general guidance. In order to gain validity and liability, two methods of the participants and non-participating experts’ revision in the research were used. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The core category of this study is the organizational silence which is analyzed and based on the causal conditions. The underlying conditions of the strategies is formulated and the final model is presented based on it. The results of this research have shown the role of normative variables in organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Development of Zoroastrian Funeral Ceremony after Islamic Era
Razieh Farhi علیرضا ٍEbrahim farzaneh Goshtasb Zahra Hosseini HamidRituals are among the first and most important elements of religion that change over time. This article, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method, surveys how internal factors (Such as reduction of priests) or external factors (such as the rules of the majori MoreRituals are among the first and most important elements of religion that change over time. This article, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method, surveys how internal factors (Such as reduction of priests) or external factors (such as the rules of the majority) affected on Zoroastrian funeral ceremony after Islamic era. These effects occur in three forms: decreasing, constant and increasing which lead to deletion, conversion, change, justification, establishment, consolidation, imitation and imposition in some of the Zoroastrian funeral ceremony. The objective results of developments can be seen in a variety of matters such as: maintaining the credibility of rituals as a tool to support the dead and relieve the survivors, strengthen the foundations of Zoroastrian doctrines with new interpretation, adaptation of ancient ritual forms to modern conditions, utilizing the death rituals as a recovery agent of historical and religious identity, keeping up with the host community and reducing critical pressures, maintaining the exclusive position of religious people in the implementation of some rituals and introducing some other rituals to the general public. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Identifying the causal and effect factors affecting organizational silence using the Fuzzy Dimtel method in Khorasan Razavi financial and investment companies.
azam ghasemiToday, many organizations ask their employees to be more creative, express more and accept more responsibility. The silence of employees, by limiting employees' comments, reduces the effectiveness of change processes, and many organizations complain about it. By prevent MoreToday, many organizations ask their employees to be more creative, express more and accept more responsibility. The silence of employees, by limiting employees' comments, reduces the effectiveness of change processes, and many organizations complain about it. By preventing negative feedback, the behavioral phenomenon hinders effective organizational transformation and development, so the organization loses the ability to investigate and correct errors. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to this common problem in organizations.The main goal of the current research is to provide a method for identifying and prioritizing factors affecting organizational silence using the Fuzzy Dimtel method in Khorasan Razavi investment companies. The statistical population of this research consists of 12 experts in the field of financial management and investment in "financial and investment institutions" who were selected based on the purposeful sampling approach. In this research, by studying the theoretical foundations of internal and external research, he identified 25 factors affecting organizational silence in these companies, which include managerial factors, employee factors, and organizational factors.In the present study, two questionnaires were used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, two methods of Fuzzy Dimetal and t-test were used. Then, Fuzzy Dimetal test was performed to identify the influential (causal) and influential (disabled) factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A Study on Silence Discourse in Molana's Pen – Name based on Shams's Sonnets
zahra irani Malek Mohammad Farrokhzad Reza Heidari NouriBased on Jakobson and Michael Ephratt about communication roles between speaker and listener, a meaningful message would transfer through a physical channel. They believe that this communicative pattern is proved in all verbal interactions. When a mystic intends to show MoreBased on Jakobson and Michael Ephratt about communication roles between speaker and listener, a meaningful message would transfer through a physical channel. They believe that this communicative pattern is proved in all verbal interactions. When a mystic intends to show a world in which words lose their application, sometimes narrates stories which encourage silence. According to Jakobson's communication pattern we may enjoy silence in communication process and find the joy of peace in six communicational roles. The results of the present research show the application of some silence communicational roles in Molana's words are more frequent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Study of the Effect of Organizational Silence on Organizational Performance with the Intervention Effect of Physical Education Teachers' Happiness at Work
Mohammadbagher Forghani Ozrudi Jamile Ranjbar Naeimeh KhakestarianThe purpose of the present study is to review the impact of organizational silence on organizational performance with the intervention effect of physical education teachers' happiness at work. The nature of research is practical and its method is analytical survey. The MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the impact of organizational silence on organizational performance with the intervention effect of physical education teachers' happiness at work. The nature of research is practical and its method is analytical survey. The research population consists of all 1593 physical education teachers in Mazandaran, among whom 364 teachers were randomly chosen according to the Morgan table. For data collection, a questionnaire was used and the statistical analysis of data was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), SPSS23 and Amos. The results showed that organizational silence has a significantly negative effect on the organizational performance of physical education teachers. Moreover, happiness at work has a significantly positive effect on the organizational performance of physical education teachers. In the correlation between organizational silence and organizational performance, happiness at work can be an effective intervention and improve organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational pessimism in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
omid safari gholamreza safariThe purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational pessimism among the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. This research is applied and descriptive an MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational pessimism among the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. This research is applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars in the number of 114 people, of which 94 people cooperated with the researcher as a sample and using the total number sampling method. To collect data, the standard questionnaires of Inarsen et al.'s (2009) organizational bullying, Dimitris and Kola's (2008) organizational silence, and Din et al.'s (1998) organizational cynicism were used. Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational bullying and organizational silence with organizational cynicism, and also organizational bullying and organizational silence have the ability to significantly predict subjects' organizational cynicism. (P ≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating the impact of violence on organizational silence through psychological contract violation, organizational justice and friendly relations (Case study: private auditing firms in Tehran)
zohreh mousavi kashi maryam shamsWorkplace violence is a serious risk of safety and health, and can have many consequences not only on the physical health, but also on the mental health of the person. On the other hand, today, organizations demand a higher level of initiative, speaking up and accepting MoreWorkplace violence is a serious risk of safety and health, and can have many consequences not only on the physical health, but also on the mental health of the person. On the other hand, today, organizations demand a higher level of initiative, speaking up and accepting responsibility from their employees due to tighter competition, higher customer expectations, and higher quality requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between violence and organizational silence, taking into account the mediating role of psychological contract violation, organizational justice, and friendly relations in private auditing firms in Tehran. The method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. and it was done through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was auditors working in private auditing institutions in Tehran, According to the unlimited statistical population, 384 people were selected as a sample according to Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done using PLS software. The research results showed that organizational violence has a significant relationship with organizational silence. Also, psychological contract violation, organizational justice and friendly relations in the workplace play a mediating role in the relationship between organizational violence and silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A Study of Several Pedogagical Principies form Molana's Veiw
Alireza Yousefi Forough MansouriRumi's poetry and used the Qur'an and the Eternal has watering. One of the unique characteristics of his poetry, which has always fascinated mankind, articulation issues, training and advice. Dare to say that the most important elements of the Masnavi of Rumi and especi MoreRumi's poetry and used the Qur'an and the Eternal has watering. One of the unique characteristics of his poetry, which has always fascinated mankind, articulation issues, training and advice. Dare to say that the most important elements of the Masnavi of Rumi and especially education -educational, ethical and value. Most of the poems of Rumi in the reader's mind to accomplish a allegory that opens the path to knowledge which is MdnzrshAnd then tell the story, and the end result is to give the reader... Because he is a mentor to the right and a worthy disciple readers. And so the end result without explicitly telling the reader into the right direction without the worries of his diversion leadsThebestmodelof trainingand developmentcanbe. Spiritual Masnavi scope of this paper to evaluate all elements of the training is not here just three pedagogical model - educational discipline, encouraging and will be paid off. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Relationship between Organizational Bullying and Organizational Silence with the Mediating Role of Violations of the Psychological Contract
reza sepahvand mohsen arefnezhad Fariborz Fathi Chgni masood sepahvandThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational bullying and employees' organizational silence with the mediating role of psychological contract violation in governmental organizations in Lorestan province. The study was practical in MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational bullying and employees' organizational silence with the mediating role of psychological contract violation in governmental organizations in Lorestan province. The study was practical in terms of purpose, relational in terms of research type, and structural formula in terms of modeling type. The statistical population of the study was 1317 employees of general offices of Lorestan province organizations based in the city of Khorramabad. Based on Morgan table, a sample size of 297 was selected by stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, (Einarsen, Hoel & Notelaers',2009) Organizational Bullying Questionnaire, (Morrison and Robinson’s,2000) Psychological Contract Violation Questionnaire and (Brinsfield’s,2013) Organizational Silence Questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, structural equations modeling and PLS software have been used. The results indicate that organizational bullying both directly or through psychological contract violation increases the organizational silence of employees in governmental organizations of Lorestan province (P<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Silence and Quietude from Mystics' Viewpoint
Ahmadreza YalmehaSpiritual journey has got its own constituents, formalities, and conditions. One of the constituents is known to be silence and quietude. In the Koran and relations, silence has always been addressed as an exalted icon and value. In mystical prose and poetry, too, silen MoreSpiritual journey has got its own constituents, formalities, and conditions. One of the constituents is known to be silence and quietude. In the Koran and relations, silence has always been addressed as an exalted icon and value. In mystical prose and poetry, too, silence is a pre-condition of solitude and one of the means of achieving mystical perfection, having some advantages and consequences. Some mystics assume tariqa principles as silence itself. Since silence is of various types, there are different comments and beliefs concerning Sufis' silence so that some prefer to be silent and some would rather talk. As far as possible, this paper tries to first analyze the concept of silence and quietude in the Koran and relations and key mystical literature, and then deal with Masnavi Ma'navi in which mystical silence and quietude are reflected and has got special manifestation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Organizational Silence and Occupational Burnout with Job Performance
Vares Paksirat Abdolmohammad Taheri -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effect of Organizational Silence on the Perception of Political Behaviors and Organizational Jealousy with the Role Job Compatibility Mediator (Presenting an Applied Model)
arsalan rahmannejad Jahanghir Yari Haj Atalou Maleki Avarsineh Sadegh rafigh HasaniThe present study was conducted with the aim of structural analysis of organizational silence on the perception of political behaviors and organizational jealousy with the mediating role of job compatibility. Statistics of all faculty members of Payame Noor University o MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of structural analysis of organizational silence on the perception of political behaviors and organizational jealousy with the mediating role of job compatibility. Statistics of all faculty members of Payame Noor University of West Azerbaijan Province in 1398, which includes 164 faculty members, considering that the whole community was considered, so the sample is equal to the community. To collect information from four standard questionnaires (organizational silence, Perception of political behaviors, organizational jealousy, job compatibility) were used. Content and structural validity of the questionnaires were confirmed and the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.74, 0.91, 0.73, 0.87, respectively, to evaluate the relationships between variables. Hidden and measured in the conceptual model, structural modeling of data using SPSS and PLS3 software was used.The results of the study indicate a significant role between variables, ie there is a direct and significant relationship between organizational jealousy and organizational silence, between perception of organizational political behavior and organizational silence, between adaptation and organizational silence. And organizational jealousy has a direct and negative relationship with job compatibility. The results also confirm the mediating role of job compatibility the causal relationship between organizational jealousy and organizational silence Communication and interaction of faculty members with different departments in order to better promote the university, turn jealousy into healthy and positive competition, use and apply participatory decision-making style and exchange views on various issues in order to create a sense of interest And trust among faculty members is one of the most important research results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The mediating role of organizational silence in the relationship between workplace ostracism and employees' creativity (Case Study: employee of Lorestan University)
Reza Sepahvand Mohsen Aregnezhad Fariborz Fathi Chegeni Mahdieh SepahvandContext: Employee creativity and the use of their opinions are the most important factors influencing the development of organizations and act as the antidote to laziness and weakness in the organization. Meanwhile, various factors affect employees' creativity, includin MoreContext: Employee creativity and the use of their opinions are the most important factors influencing the development of organizations and act as the antidote to laziness and weakness in the organization. Meanwhile, various factors affect employees' creativity, including workplace ostracism and organizational silence. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of organizational silence in the relationship between workplace ostracism and employees' creativity at Lorestan University. Research method: The present descriptive-exploratory research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on the deductive research and positivism paradigm in term of philosophy. The statistical population of the study was 440 employees of Lorestan University. Based on Morgan's table, a sample of 205 people was selected by stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, the (Ferris et al’s, 2008) workplace ostracism Questionnaire, (Torrance’s, 2001), creativity Questionnaire and the (Bouradas and Maria’s, 2019) organizational silence Questionnaire were used and Their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, structural equations modeling and PLS software have been used. Findings: Research findings show that workplace ostracism has a positive relationship with organizational silence and a negative relationship with employee's creativity. Conclusion: The overall results of the study show that workplace ostracism has a negative relationship with employee's creativity both directly and through organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Comparative Study of the Silence of Law in The Legal System of Iran and Islamic Countries (Afghanistan, Egypt and the Saudi Arabia)
Seyed Nooredin Heydarimanesh Abbas Sheikholeslami Mahdi Sheidaeian Seyed Nooredin Heydarimanesh[1]- Abbas Sheikholeslami[2]- Mahdi Sheidaeian[3] Abstract According to Article 167 of the Constitution, the silence of the law has been a point of contention between lawyers. In the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, jurisprudential crimi More Seyed Nooredin Heydarimanesh[1]- Abbas Sheikholeslami[2]- Mahdi Sheidaeian[3] Abstract According to Article 167 of the Constitution, the silence of the law has been a point of contention between lawyers. In the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, jurisprudential criminalization has been prescribed in some crimes. The study of the comparative rights of other Islamic countries also shows a difference of opinion between them. The main question of the research is what approach has the Iranian legislature and other Islamic countries taken towards the silence of the law in the field of criminal law? Examining the law, it seems that some countries, such as the Saudi Arabia, have accepted the Sharia rule, while others, such as Egypt, have been affected by western criminal law and the third group, like Iran and Afghanistan, is embroiled in conflict over their laws. In this study, using descriptive-analytical method, firstly, describe the current situation of the problem and then we answer the main research question by determining the gaps and taking advantage of the thinkers' opinions and examining the rules. [1] - PhD student, Qom Branch, Azad University, Qom, Iran. [2] - Associate Professor, Department of of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Political Science and Foreign Languages, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran: Corresponding Author [3] - Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Qom International Campus, (University of Tehran), Qom, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - examining the relationship between individual factors and management of political behavior in the banking system of the country according to the role of mediating role of organizational silence
mostafa parsamoghadam Sanjar Salajegheh mohammad Jamal Kamaliregarding the broad effects of personal factors related to political behavior as well as organizational silence in the management of political behavior of bank personnel, discovering complex relationships between individual factors and organizational silence with manage Moreregarding the broad effects of personal factors related to political behavior as well as organizational silence in the management of political behavior of bank personnel, discovering complex relationships between individual factors and organizational silence with management of political behavior in the banking system can reveal the importance and necessity of carrying out such research. the aim study is to investigate the relationship between individual factors and management of political behavior in the banking system according to the role of mediating role in the central bank of islamic republic of iran. the purpose of this research is the practical purpose and then how data collection and work method are among the descriptive - survey research. for this purpose, three questionnaire management questionnaire, individual factors and organizational silence were constructed to collect data. according to cochran s formula, 356 employees of the central bank of iran were determined and selected by random sampling. to analyze the data from the statistical methods and test of single - sample t - sample t test, structural equation modeling of اس software and amos is used. the results show that individual factors have a direct and meaningful relation with management of political behavior and there is a negative and significant relationship with organizational silence, as well as organizational silence with management of political behavior. the results show that one of the most common approaches in management of political behavior is individual factors. The success of each organization depends on the appropriate allocation of instruments, equipment, money Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effect of the Role of Interpersonal Psychological Bias with Organizational Silence and Deviant Behaviors of Employees
Salar Mahdavi Soleiman IranzadehOrganizations are the undeniable aspect of today's world that is governed and guided by the mental and physical efforts of the mainstream human resources. Therefore, attention to human resources leads to commitment in the staff and makes them more satisfied with their j MoreOrganizations are the undeniable aspect of today's world that is governed and guided by the mental and physical efforts of the mainstream human resources. Therefore, attention to human resources leads to commitment in the staff and makes them more satisfied with their job and performance and has a significant impact on employee behavior and can be used to achieve the goals of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the role of psychological bias on organizational silence and deviant behaviors among employees of Saderat Bank Branches in West Azarbaijan. The present research is objective, applied and in terms of nature, descriptive (survey). The method of data collection is one-sectional and the tool of this questionnaire. The research community consists of all employees of branches of Saderat Bank in West Azarbaijan province and their statistics is about 950 people. The research questionnaires were distributed randomly among cluster randomly. The research data were analyzed by structural equation model using Spss and Smart PLS software. Results showed that if organizational silence increases, deviant behavior increases among employees, which is influenced by the types of bias Psychology, and in fact the attitudes, goals, dreams and aspirations of the employees that more than ever advance such behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Identifying the Factors Affecting on the Employee’s Silence in Sepehr Electric Company
Mohammad Ataei Nasrin Ghorbani NiaSince the human resources are generally the most important resources of any organization, managers should pay special attention to human behavior in organizations and for this purpose, they should equipped with knowledge of organizational behavior that help them to unde MoreSince the human resources are generally the most important resources of any organization, managers should pay special attention to human behavior in organizations and for this purpose, they should equipped with knowledge of organizational behavior that help them to understand the behavior causes, predict and guide the behavior, so that they can lead human resources as a organizational resource toward goals of the organization. The aim of this study is: Identifying the factors affecting on the employee's silence in Sepehr Electric Company in (2015-2016). This research is descriptive – casual survey (cross-sectional) and in the terms of target is functional. The study population includes Sepehr Electric employees which according to information obtained from the company equal to the number of 494 people. The sample size is including 84 persons who are selected by random sampling method. To collect data, questionnaire was used. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the advisors and experts and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that this coefficient was obtained 0/982 for the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and Lisrel. In this regard, to test hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation is used. The results indicate that all hypotheses other than fourth hypothesis concerning the impact of group factor have not been excluded. In this way, we can this claim not to exclude that organizational, environmental and individual factors have significant impacts on organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Relationship between Organizational Justice and Employee Turn-over Intention: the Mediating Role of Organizational Silence Climate, Job Involvement and Burnout
Sayed Ali Koushazadeh Fatemeh KoushazadehToday, the role and place of employees as human capital and potential factors in creating sustainable competitive advantage for organizations is increasingly understood by manager. Hence, some research has been done to identify the factors that influence attitudes and b MoreToday, the role and place of employees as human capital and potential factors in creating sustainable competitive advantage for organizations is increasingly understood by manager. Hence, some research has been done to identify the factors that influence attitudes and behaviors of employees and, as a result, individual and organizational performance. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to identify the causative relations between organizational variables related to the employees including perceived organizational justice, organizational silence climate, job involvement, and burnout and turnover intention. The instrument for data collection and measurement of variables were questionnaires and stratified random sampling of the employee society of a public organization within Khorasan Razavi. The results of correlation analysis indicate a meaningful correlation between all variables studied. In addition, the results of path analysis show that organizational justice tends not only to predict employee turnover intention directly, but also through intermediate variables including organizational silence climate, job involvement and burnout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Analysis of the attitudes and behavior of employees and explain the atmosphere of organizational silence organizational (Case Study: mazandaran wood and paper industry)
Seyed kazemKazem MirMohammadi Seyed Mehdi HoseiniToday, many organizations are rampant phenomenon as organizational silence in which employees offer their opinion and comments on the problems of refuse and, in many cases they are silent.The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between silence and the silen MoreToday, many organizations are rampant phenomenon as organizational silence in which employees offer their opinion and comments on the problems of refuse and, in many cases they are silent.The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between silence and the silence of organizational Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries.The study population included 1400 production and technical personnel is the collection of which 159 based on Morgan table were sampled randomly.Data is collected through a questionnaire. Reliability as well as Cronbach's alpha was calculated to silence and conduct organizational silence 83/0. To analyze the statistical data and analysis of Spearman correlation test and multiple regression analysis is used. The results showed that the atmosphere of silence and organizational commitment on employee silence behavior There is a significant relationship. So that the attitude of top management and supervisors with the attitude of silence the behavior of staff and there is a positive correlation between communication opportunities and a strong organizational commitment to staff conduct strong negative correlation was observed silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Survey the role of social Undermining in the relationship between bullying and organizational silence in education
Yousef Khademi Sadraddin Sattari Yousef NamvarThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between bullying and organizational silence with the mediating role of social Undermining. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of the type MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between bullying and organizational silence with the mediating role of social Undermining. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of the type of data. The statistical population was the employees and managers of the urban schools of education and training in Ardabil province, which are 1850 people, and 318 people were selected as a sample to select the sample size, which was done with the cluster sampling method and using the Sample power software. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of social Undermining Hamzeh (2018), Anjum et al. bullying (2019) and Knoll et al. The reliability of the questionnaires with Cronbach's alpha was 0.94, 0.95 and 0.88, respectively.The information collected through the questionnaire was analyzed using spss26 and Amos26 software. The relationship between the constructs of the research model was tested by structural equation modeling. The results showed bullying has a positive and significant relationship with organizational silence. Also, social Undermining also affects organizational silence and had a mediating role in the relationship between bullying and organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of destructive leadership on deviant behaviors in the workplace and the tendency to leave the service through the mediating variables of organizational bullying and organizational silence
Abbas Ghaedamini Harouni Mehrdad Sadeghi de cheshmeh Samaneh keldani Ghulam Reza Maleki FarsaniThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of destructive leadership on deviant behaviors in the workplace and the tendency to leave the service through the mediating variables of organizational bullying and organizational silence in Islamic Azad University, Is MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of destructive leadership on deviant behaviors in the workplace and the tendency to leave the service through the mediating variables of organizational bullying and organizational silence in Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan). The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive correlational information. The statistical population of the present study was 660 employees of the Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). The research tools were the standard questionnaire of organizational bullying of Inerson et al. (2009) and the standard questionnaire of deviant behaviors in the workplace of Bennett and Robinson (2000) and the standard questionnaire of organizational silence of Wakula and Brados (2005). The standard questionnaire of destructive leadership was Golparvar (2014) and the tendency to leave the service of Kim et al. (2007). Factors were examined and validity was confirmed after the necessary terms. On the other hand, the reliability of the questionnaires by Cronbach's alpha method were (0.86), (0.93), (0.84), (0.94), respectively. ) And (0.92) were estimated. Data analysis was performed at the inferential level, including structural equation modeling. The results showed that destructive leadership had a significant impact factor of 0.77 on organizational bullying and organizational bullying on deviant behaviors in the workplace with an impact factor of 0.88 and an impact factor of 0.66 on the tendency to leave the service significantly and also destructive leadership on silence. Organizational with a significant impact factor of 0.55, and organizational silence on deviant behaviors in the workplace with an impact factor of 0.66 and on the tendency to leave the service is also significant with an impact factor of 0.66. The results show the mediating effect of organizational bullying and organizational silence. That the coefficients of influence are significant in all cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The test of Conceptual Model of the causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with mediation of Job security among physical education professors of Northwest Azad Universityof the country emphasizing the views of adjunct and permanent professors
Akbar Abdolhoseinzadeh Alimohammd Amirtash Alimohammad Safania Abbas KhodayariThe main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model of causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with the mediation of job security among Iranian physical education professors of northwest Azad universities with a focus on full-t MoreThe main purpose of this research was to test the conceptual model of causal relationship between organizational silence and productivity with the mediation of job security among Iranian physical education professors of northwest Azad universities with a focus on full-time and adjunct professors ‘views. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of of the physical education professors at northwestern Azad universities. The sample size consisted of 320 professors based on Morgan table recruited through relative stratified random sampling. In the present study, Dashchi and Kamal Oglu’s questionnaire of organizational silence, the Niece et al.’s Job Security Questionnaire and Achiev’s questionnaire of productivity were used and Cronbach's alpha was 0.88, 0.86 and 0.91, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data by using PLS-SMART software.The results of the study showed that there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence with job security.In other words, there was a negative significant relationship between organizational silence and productivity of physical education professors of Northwest Azad universities considering the mediating role of job security.Moreover, the results revealed that the views of adjunct and full-time professors of northwestern Azad universities regarding the impact of organizational silence on productivity were significantly different. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - The Causal Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Silence with Human Resource Productivity with respect to Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among the Municipal Employees
Zekrollah morovati fatane fathi zohreh barzegarThe purpose of this causal-correlational study was to investigate the causal relationship between organizational culture and organizational silence with human resource productivity with respect to mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior among the municipal MoreThe purpose of this causal-correlational study was to investigate the causal relationship between organizational culture and organizational silence with human resource productivity with respect to mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior among the municipal employees in Zanjan. In this study, a sample of 180 municipal employees was randomly selected. The instruments used in this research included the Human Resources Productivity Inventory (Hersey & Goldsmith, 1999), Organizational Citizenship Questionnaire (Podesakoff et al., 1991), Organizational Culture Questionnaire (Denison, 2000) and Organizational Silence Questionnaire (Morrison & Milliken, 2000). The proposed model of the relationships among variables was tested using path analysis software (AMOS-22). The findings emerging from the study revealed that the proposed model of causal relationships among these variables was of an acceptable fit. That is, organizational culture was found directly and indirectly related with human resource productivity through organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational silence was also found related to human resource productivity via organizational citizenship behavior with. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigating the effect of organizational silence on manpower productivity (Case Study: The main office of Transportation and Terminal Department in central Province)
Hajieh Rajabi Farjad Niloufar mirsepasi Masumeh samieiNowadays, in many organizations, the employees are heard to express their ideas and beliefs concerning the problems in their organizations. This study is dealing with the phenomenon of the organizational silence and its effects on productivity. The research method was d MoreNowadays, in many organizations, the employees are heard to express their ideas and beliefs concerning the problems in their organizations. This study is dealing with the phenomenon of the organizational silence and its effects on productivity. The research method was descriptive-survey and an applied one. The statistical population included all the employees working in the main office of Transportation and terminals department in central province, which added to 250 people. The sampling method was random sampling. Using Cochran’s formula 124 people were chosen as the sample size. To gather the data two standard questionnaires, namely Van Dyne (2003) on organizational silence and Hersey & Goldsmith (1980) to measure manpower effects on productivity. The results indicated that organizational silence had effect on productivity and the defensive Silence and the acquiescent Silence have negative effect on manpower productivity. The findings and results of the research study reveal that organizational silence has impact on labor productivity. Also the results show that ProSocial Silence has positive impact on labor productivity, and the Defensive Silence and the Acquiescent Silence has negative impact on labor productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Designing and explaining the pattern of organizational silence based on the personality patterns of employees Case study: (Bandar Abbas Municipality)
hosein akhlaghi mehdi bagheri Sirajuddin MohebiThe current research intends to design and explain the pattern of organizational silence based on the personality patterns of employees. This research is exploratory and descriptive-survey. A questionnaire was used to collect information. that the Cronbach's alpha MoreThe current research intends to design and explain the pattern of organizational silence based on the personality patterns of employees. This research is exploratory and descriptive-survey. A questionnaire was used to collect information. that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaires is above 7. To test the validity of the questions, content validity was used, and for this purpose, the opinions of experts, academic professors and expert experts were used. , Confirmed. The statistical population in this research consists of the employees of Bandar Abbas municipality, among whom 152 people were selected as a sample by simple random method. Exploratory factor analysis test was used to analyze the information. After conducting the exploratory factor analysis test, finally 5 factors has been identified: Causal conditions (management factors with the highest priority and target factors with the lowest priority), intervening conditions ( Environmental factors with the highest priority and cultural-factors with the lowest priority (conditions that create the foundation) Lack of capable and motivating managers with the highest priority and non-participatory decision-making with the lowest priority (leader conditions) Change in organizational structure with the highest priority and management of organizational culture with the lowest priority ), the outcome conditions (promoting organizational commitment with the highest priority and promoting the emotional commitment of employees with the lowest priority) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Destinations of Religion and the Role and Place of Expediency in Legislation
Sayyed Mohmmad Taqhi Alavi Seyedeh mahshid Miri balajorshariAccording to the opinion of justice ,the religious commandments are subject to expediencies and corruptions; as the governmental rulings are in line with the provision of social expediencies of Islamic society. Therefore, expediency at status of decree and governm MoreAccording to the opinion of justice ,the religious commandments are subject to expediencies and corruptions; as the governmental rulings are in line with the provision of social expediencies of Islamic society. Therefore, expediency at status of decree and governmental rulings has an important place in Islamic jurisprudence. All Islamic religions agree that the rulings are based on the expediencies and corruptions and actually the religion has come for attracting the expediencies of the servants and keeping the corruption away from them .From the age of genesis of religion till now by reflection on the noble verses of the Quran, the Sunnah of Innocent Ones and the actions of the Companions and Islamic jurists, this conclusion is obtained that there is a close relationship between the destinations of the religion and the words expediency and corruption. It is attempted in this article that by study and reflection on the theory of destinations of religion and its relationship with expediencies and corruptions, will attain to the analysis of cases that are placed as “ absence of legal text “ or other cases of silence of law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Structural relationships of organizational performance, the first area of early maladaptive schemas Social Isolation/Alienation, role of mediator coping styles and organizational silence in society city maneger
mahbobeh mirbagheri nader منیرپور majid zargamhajebiThe aim of the present study is to study the structural relationships of organizational performance and early maladaptive schemas, organizational silence, and avoidance coping strategies in Tehran Municipality managers. The research design is descriptive correlational. MoreThe aim of the present study is to study the structural relationships of organizational performance and early maladaptive schemas, organizational silence, and avoidance coping strategies in Tehran Municipality managers. The research design is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study is all managers of Tehran Municipality, who were working in 2019 in the municipality. The sample size was 302 individuals, selected as multi-stage cluster sampling. Short initial maladaptive schema questionnaires for Yang Form (SQ-SF), Hershey and Goldsmith Organizational Performance (2003), Wendin et al. (2003), Organizational Silence Questionnaires, and Yang Avoidance Scale were used and distributed. In addition, the library method has been used in this research and data collection in this section has been done by taking notes from Internet and library resources. The collected data were then analyzed using correlation tests and structural equation modeling tests, called SPSS version 22, and Lisrel version 8.80. The research hypothesis model was evaluated using the fitness index, and showed that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (RMSEA = 0.68, CFI = 0.96, IFI = 0.093). The results showed that early maladaptive schemas indirectly have an impact on organizational performance through organizational silence. The results also showed that avoidance is directly related to early maladaptive schemas. Based on the research findings it can be concluded that organizational silence plays a mediating role in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and organizational performance. Therefore, it can be said that organizational performance has a complex concept, and in order to strengthen and improve it, more intermediary variables should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Impact of Employees' Perceptions of Organizational Righteousness on Organizational Silence with a Moderating Role in Understanding Leadership Behavior in Isfahan Azad University
Abbas Ghaedamini Harouni Mehrdad Sadeghi de cheshmehThe purpose of current research was determining the effect of employee perceptions for Isfahan Azad University of organizational Silence through leadership behavior on organizational silence based on correlation type descriptive approach. Population of the research was MoreThe purpose of current research was determining the effect of employee perceptions for Isfahan Azad University of organizational Silence through leadership behavior on organizational silence based on correlation type descriptive approach. Population of the research was consisted of all the 422 employees of Isfahan Azad University which 154 participant employees was chosen based on Tabachnick and fidell Formula by an available random sampling method. The information gathering tools were three questionnaire consist of the perception of organizational integrity, Kameron et.al (2004), the leadership behavior of Goba (2013) and the organizational silence of Valkola and Budras (2005). Formal validity of each questionnaire was verified by the supervisor and some of responders. Also reliability of questionnaires was calculated by the coefficient alpha of Cronbach to be 0.93 for the perception of organizational integrity, 0.98 for the leadership behavior and 0.92 for the organizational silence questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, and structural equation modeling) were used. Results showed that the dimensions of the perception of integrity included integration with the T-value of 8.12 / 5, forgiveness with a t-value of 3.590, and sympathy with the t-value of 391.3 at 95% confidence level, are dependent to the predictive power of the variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigating the Mediating Role of Organizational Pessimism in the Relationship Between Incivility in the Workplace and Organizational Silence
Majed Maharani Barzani Mehrdad Sadeghi Ali RashidpourThe aim of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of organizational cynicism in the relationship between incivility in the workplace and organizational silence. The statistical population of this study was all the employees of the universities of Chaharm MoreThe aim of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of organizational cynicism in the relationship between incivility in the workplace and organizational silence. The statistical population of this study was all the employees of the universities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, whose number is 2255, according to the size of each region Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 660 people was selected, and the sample people were selected using the stratified sampling method according to the size of each stratum. To collect the required data in this research, standard questionnaires were used and their validity and reliability were tested, and they were highly valid and reliable. In order to answer and check the hypotheses of the research, PLS-warp software was used to check the structural equations and path analysis using the partial least squares method. The results of the analysis conducted in the research showed that impoliteness in the work environment has a significant and positive effect on organizational silence, the coefficient of which is 0.77. And according to the output of Warp software, incivility in the workplace has a significant positive effect on organizational pessimism, the coefficient of which is 0.66, and also the effect of incivility in the workplace on organizational silence through organizational pessimism is positive with the coefficient of 0.88. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Analyzing the Mediating Role of Organizational Bullying in the Relationship between Acquiescent Silence and counterproductive work behavior and Defensive Silence with the Moderating Role of Employment Status
وحید میرزایی حسین فرجیOrganizational bullying is one of the deviant behaviors in organizational environments these days. The current study aims at analyzing the relationship between acquiescent silence and deviant anti-productivity behaviors and also defensive silence with the mediating role MoreOrganizational bullying is one of the deviant behaviors in organizational environments these days. The current study aims at analyzing the relationship between acquiescent silence and deviant anti-productivity behaviors and also defensive silence with the mediating role of organizational bullying and the moderating role of employment status. This study is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive from the view of methodology. The statistical society was 137 people of Bojnurd municipal employees who were chosen according to Cochran formula and simple random sampling. Data collecting tools were Leymann work bullying questionnaires (1996), Van Dyne et al. acquiescent silence and defensive silence(2003), and Fox and Spector counterproductive work behavior (1999). To examine the validity of questionnaires we used the content and confirmatory validity and to examine the reliability of the questionnaire we used the Cronbach alpha coefficient that results confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. The obtained data from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS26 and Amos24 software and by using the structural equation with the approach of PLS and hierarchical regression. Findings showed that organizational bullying mediates the relationship between acquiescent silence and anti-productivity behaviors; On the other hand the employment status moderates the effect of acquiescent silence on counterproductive work behavior, and defensive silence. Empirical results showed that acquiescent silence increases the bullying, therefore employees may react by anti-productivity behaviors or defensive silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating the relationship between organizational rudeness and organizational silence with the mediating role of organizational cynicism
وحید میرزایی sakine davoodiReducing the areas of organizational silence of employees and their participation in work is one of the concerns of management in today's organizations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between incivility in the workplace and or MoreReducing the areas of organizational silence of employees and their participation in work is one of the concerns of management in today's organizations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between incivility in the workplace and organizational silence, and the mediating role of organizational cynicism. The present study has a practical purpose with field data collection method and a descriptive correlational method in terms of implementation method is used. The statistical population of this study was a staff of Payam-e-Noor University of North Khorasan Province. As the population was limited, the census method was used. The method of data collection was a questionnaire, for this purpose four standard questionnaires were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory validity. Structural equation modeling and AMOS24 software were used for statistical analysis of the collected data. The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between incivility in the workplace and organizational silence. The results also showed that organizational cynicism mediates the relationship between incivility in the workplace and organizational silence. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that by reducing the incidence of organizational incivility and organizational cynicism of employees, staff silence is also reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Presenting a Proposed Model to Reduce Organizational Silence (Case Study: General Directorate of Islamic Culture and Guidance of North Khorasan)
Mohammad Eshraghi Gholamali Ahmadi Roya AfrasiyabiAlthough in today's fast-paced world, enjoying the ideas, suggestions and ideas of employees is one of the prerequisites for organizational development and one of the factors influencing organizations to outperform competitors, the emergence of several factors has led e MoreAlthough in today's fast-paced world, enjoying the ideas, suggestions and ideas of employees is one of the prerequisites for organizational development and one of the factors influencing organizations to outperform competitors, the emergence of several factors has led employees to participate in They do not express their views in organizations and in other words they prefer to remain silent. Despite the differences in the definitions of thinkers, they all agree on one thing, the lack of knowledge, information and opinions of employees that can cause serious damage to both the organization and the employee. Among the reasons for this phenomenon in the studies can be imagined by the manager's inability to do the job, the perception that they will not receive a positive response, the perception that it might harm others, the personality characteristics of the senior manager, the way staff interact, the fear of managing negative feedback, and Population differences and other reasons cited. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors causing organizational silence and its possible consequences by qualitative and thematic analysis based on interviewing method and by quantitative method using questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study consists of the North Khorasan Islamic Culture and Guidance Bureau, which was selected by stratified sampling method and Lisrel8, MAXQDA10 and Spss18 softwares were used for data analysis. After analyzing the data, factors such as lack of meritocracy, fear, lack of motivational managers, managers' mental attitudes, employee profitability, social learning have been identified and discussed as factors causing organizational silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
zahra taghipor ghori omid safari afshin rostamiThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the general sports and youth departments of Fars. The statistical population of this research wa MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the general sports and youth departments of Fars. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of the province, numbering 114 people, of which 94 people cooperated with the researcher by sampling method. In order to collect data, a questionnaire of personal characteristics and three standard questionnaires of organizational indifference by Danai Fard et al. (2014), organizational inertia (Goodkin and Alkron, 2008) and organizational silence (Dimitris and Vekula, 2007) were used. In order to describe the data, descriptive statistics methods were used, and for the inferential analysis of the data, the statistical methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression in SPSS software and structural equations were used. The findings of this research showed that there is a positive and significant effect between organizational indifference and organizational inertia through organizational silence in the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - تحقیقی درباره سکوت سازمانی مدرسان زبان انگلیسی، ناامنی شغلی، رضایت شغلی و فرسودگی شغلی
Linda Samadi Mohammad Bagheri Firooz Sadighi Lotfollah Yarmohammadi -
Open Access Article
46 - The House of Silence: The Meeting of Mawlānā Jālāl al-Din Balkhi and Shams-e Tabrizi
ابراهیم استاجی In Islamic mysticism, the idea of “silence” refers to a method of meditation and is means for purification of the carnal soul. In Persian language 'Khamush', meaning silent, mute, or quite, is a word which Mawlānā Jālāl al-Din Balkhi frequently used More In Islamic mysticism, the idea of “silence” refers to a method of meditation and is means for purification of the carnal soul. In Persian language 'Khamush', meaning silent, mute, or quite, is a word which Mawlānā Jālāl al-Din Balkhi frequently used in his poetry. In Divān-e-Shams, hundreds of odes end with 'khamush'. Some scholars are of the opinion that Mawlānā used nom de plume 'Khamush' in his poetry, hence the numerous references are made to the word 'Khamush' at the end of his odes. And some scholars believe that Shams-e Tabrizi tought the art of “silence” to Mawlānā that helped him change from a respected professor of theology into a lover of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Inexplicability of Mystical Experience Regarding Rūmi's Thoughts about Form and Meaning
Manzar Soltānī Saeed PoorazimīThe mystics, implicitly or explicitly- through suing symbols and allegories- have referred to inexplicability of mystical experience. They believe that the importance and perfection of "meaning" is such that "form" cannot express it. According to them, meaning and form MoreThe mystics, implicitly or explicitly- through suing symbols and allegories- have referred to inexplicability of mystical experience. They believe that the importance and perfection of "meaning" is such that "form" cannot express it. According to them, meaning and form are contradictory; and this contradiction is rooted in their view concerning “secret”. The mystics believe that there is a "secret" about "meaning" which human language is unable to express, and at the same time, they want to hide it. The temptation of expressing, on one hand, and inability of language in expressing the 'meaning', on the other, leads to a deep contradiction that is a part of the heritage of mysticism. The relationship of form and meaning has been widely proposed by Jalāl al-Din Rūmi, and his meditations have led to delicate and exact lingual results. His emphasis on inexplicability of mystical experience, leads him to the kingdom of "silence ." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Violation of the obligation to inform in the contractual relations of persons in the laws of Iran and England
Shahram Ghasemi seyed hekmatolah asgari masoud reza ranbarترجمه بیش از حد طولانی است و ذخیره نمیشودIs the obligation to inform dependent on the conclusion of the contract, or is the execution of the contract considered an independent obligation existing in all contracts? It is necessary to answer the question regarding this t Moreترجمه بیش از حد طولانی است و ذخیره نمیشودIs the obligation to inform dependent on the conclusion of the contract, or is the execution of the contract considered an independent obligation existing in all contracts? It is necessary to answer the question regarding this theory according to the contractual laws of Iran and England that if each of the parties refuses to exchange the existing, sufficient and complete knowledge and knowledge (information) about the subject, the conditions of validity and other elements and elements of the contract. What is the guarantee of the breach of the mentioned promise in the absence of notification or failure to notify? In today's modern contract law, this obligation is not only observed at the pre-contractual stage, but with the development of contractual concepts based on the principle of full good faith of the parties, the existence of this obligation is observed not only at the stage of the execution of contractual works, but also at the stage of concluding contracts. Violation of this covenant can be brought forward in both positive and negative ways with responsibility and with the guarantee of non-interference or invalidity in Iran's laws and based on the examples of mistakes and contradictions found in British contractual laws. Although the existential necessity of this commitment has resulted in the optimization of the performance of the works desired by the parties and is based on two axes; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Examining the effect of organizational silence on social loafing of employees (Case study: Tehran Municipality’s employees)
Somayeh Mashhadi Tafreshi Mahrokh MokhtaranSocial loafing is a phenomenon investigated since 1913. Although this phenomenon has been studied for so long, recent technological advances have provided a great opportunity for further study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational sil MoreSocial loafing is a phenomenon investigated since 1913. Although this phenomenon has been studied for so long, recent technological advances have provided a great opportunity for further study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational silence on organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and social loafing. The present research is descriptive-survey method. The statistical population is the employees of Tehran municipality. Sample collection was based on a convenience sampling approach. In sum, a total of 260 employees was collected and analyzed. A tool for measuring variables was a validated and reliable questionnaire. To analyze data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling have been used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that submissive silence and affiliation silence have significant effects on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Defensive silence has a significant effect on organizational commitment. Organizational commitment has a significant effect on citizenship behavior and social loafing. Finally, citizenship behavior has a significant effect on employee’s social loafing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Independence of the Internal Auditor; Approaches to Processes that Reduce the Silence and Courage of Internal Auditors
جواد بابایی خلیلی محمدرضا عبدلی حسن ولیانThis study examines the effect of reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. It is conducted based on a survey-correlation method. Furthermore, it also focused on the responses of 183 accepted internal auditors MoreThis study examines the effect of reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. It is conducted based on a survey-correlation method. Furthermore, it also focused on the responses of 183 accepted internal auditors on the stock exchange. Then, partial least squares analysis method was used for the findings in 5 frameworks. Moreover, items like positive statesalong with being independent in doing internal auditing responsibilities and perceived support of the supervisor on courage of internal auditors were carefully considered.Findings show that self-efficacy, level of hope, resilience and perceived support of the supervisor on courage of internal auditors have positive and significant effect as the reducing processes in organizational silence of companies on the ethical courage of internal auditors. Finally, it was concluded that more perceived support of the supervisor will end up to more courage on the behavior of such auditors in their performances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The Discourse of "Patience & Tolerance" and the Behavioral Component of "Silence" in Relation to Another Culture (Based on Russian and Persian Linguistic Sources)
maryam shafaghi Shahram NabatiNowadays, in the linguistics of socialization, new aspects of verbal and non-verbal behavior are discussed, such as patience and tolerance in the face of different thoughts and unpleasant / Inappropriate speech of the speaker for the listener. Russian linguists have equ MoreNowadays, in the linguistics of socialization, new aspects of verbal and non-verbal behavior are discussed, such as patience and tolerance in the face of different thoughts and unpleasant / Inappropriate speech of the speaker for the listener. Russian linguists have equated patience with tolerance, while patience has a positive semantic dimension and tolerance has a negative dimension. The concepts of patience and tolerance have received less attention from Iranian linguists. Mostly, the moral and religious aspects of these concepts have been of interest to Iranians. The problem of the present study is how to have an environment with peace in associating with other cultures? This question arises both in the intercultural relationship and in the relationship between different and diverse cultures. The goal is to find ways to avoid the formation of an aggressive social environment. The importance of the subject is because the research findings can help maintain the relationship between speakers of different verbal and behavioral cultures. Today, cultural differences are among the social and global values. The research method in the present study is library research and descriptive research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The relationship between organizational silence and organizational forgetfulness with employee performance Ministry of Science, Research and Technology
Fatemeh Rashid chehre bargh MAHBUBEH ABDOLLAHIThis study aims to identify the relationship between organizational silence- organizational forgetting and employees’ performance. The statistical population includes 670 employees in Science and Technology Ministry, 244 people were selected by stratified random s MoreThis study aims to identify the relationship between organizational silence- organizational forgetting and employees’ performance. The statistical population includes 670 employees in Science and Technology Ministry, 244 people were selected by stratified random sampling using Morgan Table. In order to collect data, standard performance questionnaire of Carry Hersey and Blanchard(1998), organizational silence by Vakula and Broadus (2005), and the questionnaire of organizational forgetting by Moshabbaki and et. al (2011) were used and their reliability and validity were confirmed. The collected data was analyzed through SPSSS software and inferential descriptive statistics. Using Regression Test, it was proved that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational silence and organizational forgetting and employees’ performance; organizational silence and organizational forgetting cover approximately 46% of variations in employees’ performance rate. Performance decreases by the rise of quiet organizational silence, acquiescent organizational silence, and pro-social organizational silence. Also, performance decreases by the rise of intentional or accidental forgetting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The Relationship between the Organizational Justice and organizational Silence in Education
mahmood abolghasemi mehdi khairandish morteza mahdavinik dariush mehriThe present study seeks to examine the correlation between organizational silence and teachers’ silence in Tabriz high schools. The method used in this study has a descriptive-correlative nature. The statistical population for this study involves all of the Zone f MoreThe present study seeks to examine the correlation between organizational silence and teachers’ silence in Tabriz high schools. The method used in this study has a descriptive-correlative nature. The statistical population for this study involves all of the Zone five high school teachers in city of Tabriz, Iran, through the year 2012-2013 including 242 people, from whom 150 teachers were selected using random sampling via Morgan table. Data was collected through two standard questionnaires: (a) organizational justice (Niehoff & Moorman, 1993) and (b) organizational silence (Van Dyne et al). The validity of the question was confirmed by the experienced professors in the field of educational management, and their reliability was calculated through Cronbach alpha an .92 and .84 respectively. The results of data analysis that was done through Pearson correlation and multiple regression showed that there is a significant negative relationship between organizational justice and organizational silence. However, there were two meaningful relationships between these two variables as follows: (a) between procedural justice and acquiescent silence, and (b) between distributive justice and met asocial silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Analysis of organizational silence and its dimensions Case Study: employees of University of Tehran
محمدرضا کرمی سید محمد میرکمالی جواد پورکریمیThe present work studies organizational silence and the dimensions among the employees of University of Tehran. The method of the research is descriptive and the type is Survey. The population consisted of all employees in University of Tehran, 1394-95. According to the MoreThe present work studies organizational silence and the dimensions among the employees of University of Tehran. The method of the research is descriptive and the type is Survey. The population consisted of all employees in University of Tehran, 1394-95. According to the latest statistics, there are 1419 (consisting of 801 women and 618 men) employees Working in University of Tehran now. That sample was selected by Stratified sampling and the size of sample was identified based on cochrane formula are 302. data were collected through organizational silence questionnaire (Researcher made). To determine the validity of the questionnaire, content validity and construct was used and Their reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on Pilot study "0/79". The results showed that all the components of organizational silense were lower average in all aspects, except for diffident silense, silense Prosocial that was equal to the average hypothesis of this research. Independent t test results showed that female employees than male employees more supportive of silence. also The results of one-way variance test (f) showed the silence of employees in terms of demographic variables (age, experience-serve, place of employment, education and field of study) there is no difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating the Relationship between Personality Characteristics of Knowledge Workers and Their Organizational Silence in Shoals of Maskan Bank of South East of Tehran
mahmood asadiReview:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits of knowledge workers and their organizational silence in Meshkan Branches in south east of Tehran. The statistical population consists of all 489 knowledge workers. 215 peopl MoreReview:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits of knowledge workers and their organizational silence in Meshkan Branches in south east of Tehran. The statistical population consists of all 489 knowledge workers. 215 people were selected based on stratified sampling method. In order to measure the variables used in the research, two standard Personality Characteristics Neo (1973) and Standard Organizational Silence Questionnaire (Vendine et al., 2003) were used. The research method is descriptive correlational. The content validity of the questionnaires has been approved by the experts and the supervisor. The reliability of the questionnaires based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89 for personality traits, 0.87, organizational silence. For analyzing, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, stepwise regression) were used. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between personality traits (psychoanalytic, extraversion, consistency, conscientiousness and flexibility) with organizational silence. For this relationship, the relationship between neuroticism and consistency with positive organizational silence is negative for other dimensions of personality traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Sa’eb, Companion of Silent Haven
Rajab Towhidian Azizeh khan chubani AharnejaniSilence and speaking to the point are among the themes which have long been considered throughout the vast instructive mystical literature. The importance and the standpoint of silence in the domain of Persian literature from the past till present have been to suc MoreSilence and speaking to the point are among the themes which have long been considered throughout the vast instructive mystical literature. The importance and the standpoint of silence in the domain of Persian literature from the past till present have been to such an extent that it has determined the life and the death of individuals, and have entailed their welfare or damnation. Poet and the prominent literary figure of Hindi style (Isfahani), Sa’eb Tabrizi relying upon the ideas and mystical thoughts of Moulana regarding silence and its three kinds such as (silent tongue and speaking mind, silent tongue and mind, silent mind and speaking tongue) and upon making use of poetic imageries such as allegorical simile and allusion in his divan, appropriately called “Khamoushi Nameh” could well fulfill his mission as a poet and master towards his own people and future generations. This article deals with silence along with presenting evidence from other poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Criticism and Analysis of the concept of spiritual silence from Attar’s perspective
Shahin Ghasemi Mehdi MahooziThe endpoint of Gnosticism is the unity with the ultimate existence and comprehension of presence. To taste such spiritual presence, scholars have enumerated certain abstinences including silence. Not only in stages of suluk (the way) in which silence has a more p MoreThe endpoint of Gnosticism is the unity with the ultimate existence and comprehension of presence. To taste such spiritual presence, scholars have enumerated certain abstinences including silence. Not only in stages of suluk (the way) in which silence has a more pedagogical role in store, but also in vesal (attainment) the wayfarer obliges himself to immerse into a silence which is the outcome of sufi contemplation in mystical experiences. This obligation often finds meaning in connection with the eternal beloved as the silence emanating from the bewilderment in the presence of the divine glory and beauty and sometimes is expressed in connection with the people as in hiding the secrets. Attar Nayshabouri has clearly described the stages of the suluk upon contemplation of the essentials of suluk and in his compositions has repeatedly dealt with the origin and the role of silence in the spiritual journey. Regarding the keen interest of Moulana in Attar’s pioneering works in spiritual matters and also the connection and the manifestation of the unique spiritual thoughts in the compositions of these two visionary mystics, the analysis of the “principle of silence” from Attar’s perspective seems essential. The present article seeks to study and analyze the reasons for silence, and enquire the role of silence from attar’s point of view in order to give an overview of this concept in the sufi tradition. Manuscript profile
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