Investigating the Mediating Role of Organizational Pessimism in the Relationship Between Incivility in the Workplace and Organizational Silence
Subject Areas : ManagementMajed Maharani Barzani 1 , Mehrdad Sadeghi 2 , Ali Rashidpour 3
1 - Ph.D. Student of Cultural Management and Planning, Faculty of Islamic Governance, Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Governance, Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor, Faculty of Islamic Governance, Isfahan Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran.
Keywords: Organizational silence, Organizational Pessimism, Incivility in the Workplace,
Abstract :
The aim of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of organizational cynicism in the relationship between incivility in the workplace and organizational silence. The statistical population of this study was all the employees of the universities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, whose number is 2255, according to the size of each region Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 660 people was selected, and the sample people were selected using the stratified sampling method according to the size of each stratum. To collect the required data in this research, standard questionnaires were used and their validity and reliability were tested, and they were highly valid and reliable. In order to answer and check the hypotheses of the research, PLS-warp software was used to check the structural equations and path analysis using the partial least squares method. The results of the analysis conducted in the research showed that impoliteness in the work environment has a significant and positive effect on organizational silence, the coefficient of which is 0.77. And according to the output of Warp software, incivility in the workplace has a significant positive effect on organizational pessimism, the coefficient of which is 0.66, and also the effect of incivility in the workplace on organizational silence through organizational pessimism is positive with the coefficient of 0.88.
Abubakar, A. M., Megeirhi, H. A., & Shneikat, B. (2018). Tolerance for workplace incivility, employee cynicism and job search behavior. The Service Industries Journal, 38(9-10), 629-643.
Akhtar, S., Luqman, R., Raza, F., Riaz, H., Sobia Tufail, H., & Shahid, J. (2017). The Impact of Workplace Incivility on the Psychological Wellbeing of Employees through Emotional Exhaustion. Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 6(3), 492-507.
Alola, U. V., Olugbade, O. A., Avci, T., & Öztüren, A. (2019). Customer incivility and employees' outcomes in the hotel: Testing the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Tourism anagement Perspectives, 29, 9-17.
Alshehry, A. S., Alquwez, N., Almazan, J., Namis, I. M., & Cruz, J. P. (2019). Influence of workplace incivility on the quality of nursing care. . ofclinical nursing, 28(23-24), 4582-4594.
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Bashir, M., Abrar, M., Yousaf, M., Saqib, S., & Shabbir, R. (2019). Organizational politics and workplace deviance in unionized settings: Mediating role of job stress and moderating role of resilience. Psychology Research and Behavior Management 12(2), 943-959.
Bordbar, G., Shad, F. S., Rahimi, E., & Rostami, N. A. (2019). Effect of Organizational Silence on Employees Productivity. Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 6(3), 198-207.
Demirtas, Z. (2018). The Relationships between Organizational Values, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Silence and Affective Commitment. Online Submission, 4(11), 108-125.
Demsky, C. A., Fritz, C., Hammer, L. B., & Black, A. E. (2019). Workplace Incivility and Employee Sleep: The Role of Rumination and RecoveryExperiences Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(2), 228-240.
Deniz, N., Noyan, A., & Gulen Ertosun, O. (2013). The Relationship Between Employee Silence and Organizational Commitment in a Private Healthcare Company. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 691-700.
Doo, E. Y., & Kim, M. (2020). Effects of hospital nurses' internalized dominant values, organizational silence, horizontal violence, and organizational communication on patient safety. Research in Nursing & Health, 43(5), 499-510.
Erdogdu, M. (2018). Effect of Organizational Justice Behaviors on Organizational Silence and Cynicism: AResearch on Academics from Schools of Physical Education and Sports. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(4), 733-741.
Hadi, A.-A. (2018). The effect of perceived organisational politics on organisational silence through organisational cynicism: Moderator role of perceived support. Journal of Management & Organization, 1(1), 1-20.
Hershcovis, M., Cameron, A. F., Gervais, L., & Bozeman, J. (2018). The Effects of Confrontation and Avoidance Coping in Response to Workplace Incivility. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(2), 163-174.
Hershcovis, M. S., Ogunfowora, B., Reich, T. C., & Christie, A. M. (2017). Targeted workplace incivility: The roles of belongingness, embarrassment, and power. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(7), 1057-1075.
Hozouri, M., Yaghmaei, M., & Bordbar, H. (2018). Clarifying the impacts of organizational silence on organizational commitment with controlling the effects of noizrgaational rumors. Management Science Letters, 8(6), 533-542.
Kim, S., Jung, K., Noh, G., & Kang, L. K. (2019). What makes employees cynical in publicorganizations? Antecedents of organizationalcynicism. Social Behavior and Personality, 47(6), 1-10.
Kutlu, A., & Bilgin, N. (2017). Turkish Reliability and Validity on Nurses of Workplace Incivility Scale. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 4(2), 6-652.
Megeirhi, H. A., Ribeiro, M. A., & Woosnam, K. M. (2020). Job search behavior explained through perceived tolerance for workplace incivility, cynicism and income level: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 88-97.
Miller, T. (2018). Effects of transformational leadership on employee's organizational cynicism in an educational organization [Dissertation]. https://doi.org/http://localhost/files/jh343t105
Okeke-James, N. J., Igbokwe, I. C., Anyanwu, A. N., & Obineme, O. P. (2020). Gender influence on school climate and organizational silence amongst teachers in Anambra State European Scientific Journal, 16(10), 223-237.
Ozdem, G., & Sezer, S. (2019). The relationship between solution-focused school leadership and organizational cynicism, organizational commitment and teachers' job satisfaction. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(1), 167-183.
Parcham, E., & Ghasemizad, A. (2017). The impact of organizational culture on employees’ organizational silence In Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. . Journal of Health Management & Informatics, 4(1), 5-230.
Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management 20, 331-369 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3
Rehan, M., Iqbal, M., Fatima, A., & Nawabl, S. (2017). Organizational cynicism and its relationship with employee’s performance in teaching hospitals of Pakistan. Econ. Manag. Sci., 6, 1–6.
RUCK, K., WELCH, M., & MENARA, B. (2017). Employee voice: an antecedent to organisational engagement? . Public Relations Review, 43(5), 4-14.
Schmitz, M. A., Froese, F. J., & Bader, A. K. (2018). Organizational cynicism in multinational corporations in China. Asia Pacific Business Review, 24(5), 620- 637.
Senarathna, W., & Jayarathna, S. (2021). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Politics and Workplace Incivility on Emotional Exhaustion: A Study of Middle Level Employees in the Sector, Western Province, Sri Lanka Journal of Business and Management, 9(1), 2197-2207.
Shi, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, S., Xie, F., Wang, J., Sun, Z., & Fan, L. (2018). Impact of workplace incivilityagainst new nurses on job burn-out: a cross-sectional study in China. BMJ open, 8(4).
Sirin, Y. E., Aydin, Ö., & Bilir, F. P. (2018). Transformational-Transactional Leadership and Organizational Cynicism Perception: Physical Education and Sport Teachers Sample Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(9), 2008-2018.
Tuna, R., Bacaksız, F. E., & Seren, A. K. H. (2018). The effects of organizational identification and organizational cynicism on employee performance among nurses. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(3), 1770-1714.
Tutar, H., Tuzcuoğlu, F., & Sarkhanov, T. (2021). The Mediating Role of Organizational Cynicism in the Relationship between Workplace Incivility and Organizational Silence. TEM Journal, 10(2), 563‐572.
Yalçın, B., & Baykal, Ü. (2019). Development and psychometric testing of the Organizational Silence Behavior Scale for healthcare professionals Nursing & health sciences, 21(4), 454-460.
Yuan, Z., Barnes, C., & Li, Y. (2018). Bad BehaviorKeeps You Up at Night: Counterproductive Work Behaviors and Insomnia. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(4), 83-98.
_||_Abubakar, A. M., Megeirhi, H. A., & Shneikat, B. (2018). Tolerance for workplace incivility, employee cynicism and job search behavior. The Service Industries Journal, 38(9-10), 629-643.
Akhtar, S., Luqman, R., Raza, F., Riaz, H., Sobia Tufail, H., & Shahid, J. (2017). The Impact of Workplace Incivility on the Psychological Wellbeing of Employees through Emotional Exhaustion. Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 6(3), 492-507.
Alola, U. V., Olugbade, O. A., Avci, T., & Öztüren, A. (2019). Customer incivility and employees' outcomes in the hotel: Testing the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Tourism anagement Perspectives, 29, 9-17.
Alshehry, A. S., Alquwez, N., Almazan, J., Namis, I. M., & Cruz, J. P. (2019). Influence of workplace incivility on the quality of nursing care. . ofclinical nursing, 28(23-24), 4582-4594.
Armstrong, N. (2018). Management of nursingworkplace incivility in the health care settings: A systematic review. . Workplace health & safety, 66(8), 403-410.
Bashir, M., Abrar, M., Yousaf, M., Saqib, S., & Shabbir, R. (2019). Organizational politics and workplace deviance in unionized settings: Mediating role of job stress and moderating role of resilience. Psychology Research and Behavior Management 12(2), 943-959.
Bordbar, G., Shad, F. S., Rahimi, E., & Rostami, N. A. (2019). Effect of Organizational Silence on Employees Productivity. Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 6(3), 198-207.
Demirtas, Z. (2018). The Relationships between Organizational Values, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Silence and Affective Commitment. Online Submission, 4(11), 108-125.
Demsky, C. A., Fritz, C., Hammer, L. B., & Black, A. E. (2019). Workplace Incivility and Employee Sleep: The Role of Rumination and RecoveryExperiences Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24(2), 228-240.
Deniz, N., Noyan, A., & Gulen Ertosun, O. (2013). The Relationship Between Employee Silence and Organizational Commitment in a Private Healthcare Company. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 691-700.
Doo, E. Y., & Kim, M. (2020). Effects of hospital nurses' internalized dominant values, organizational silence, horizontal violence, and organizational communication on patient safety. Research in Nursing & Health, 43(5), 499-510.
Erdogdu, M. (2018). Effect of Organizational Justice Behaviors on Organizational Silence and Cynicism: AResearch on Academics from Schools of Physical Education and Sports. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(4), 733-741.
Hadi, A.-A. (2018). The effect of perceived organisational politics on organisational silence through organisational cynicism: Moderator role of perceived support. Journal of Management & Organization, 1(1), 1-20.
Hershcovis, M., Cameron, A. F., Gervais, L., & Bozeman, J. (2018). The Effects of Confrontation and Avoidance Coping in Response to Workplace Incivility. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(2), 163-174.
Hershcovis, M. S., Ogunfowora, B., Reich, T. C., & Christie, A. M. (2017). Targeted workplace incivility: The roles of belongingness, embarrassment, and power. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(7), 1057-1075.
Hozouri, M., Yaghmaei, M., & Bordbar, H. (2018). Clarifying the impacts of organizational silence on organizational commitment with controlling the effects of noizrgaational rumors. Management Science Letters, 8(6), 533-542.
Kim, S., Jung, K., Noh, G., & Kang, L. K. (2019). What makes employees cynical in publicorganizations? Antecedents of organizationalcynicism. Social Behavior and Personality, 47(6), 1-10.
Kutlu, A., & Bilgin, N. (2017). Turkish Reliability and Validity on Nurses of Workplace Incivility Scale. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 4(2), 6-652.
Megeirhi, H. A., Ribeiro, M. A., & Woosnam, K. M. (2020). Job search behavior explained through perceived tolerance for workplace incivility, cynicism and income level: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 88-97.
Miller, T. (2018). Effects of transformational leadership on employee's organizational cynicism in an educational organization [Dissertation]. https://doi.org/http://localhost/files/jh343t105
Okeke-James, N. J., Igbokwe, I. C., Anyanwu, A. N., & Obineme, O. P. (2020). Gender influence on school climate and organizational silence amongst teachers in Anambra State European Scientific Journal, 16(10), 223-237.
Ozdem, G., & Sezer, S. (2019). The relationship between solution-focused school leadership and organizational cynicism, organizational commitment and teachers' job satisfaction. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(1), 167-183.
Parcham, E., & Ghasemizad, A. (2017). The impact of organizational culture on employees’ organizational silence In Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. . Journal of Health Management & Informatics, 4(1), 5-230.
Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management 20, 331-369 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(01)20007-3
Rehan, M., Iqbal, M., Fatima, A., & Nawabl, S. (2017). Organizational cynicism and its relationship with employee’s performance in teaching hospitals of Pakistan. Econ. Manag. Sci., 6, 1–6.
RUCK, K., WELCH, M., & MENARA, B. (2017). Employee voice: an antecedent to organisational engagement? . Public Relations Review, 43(5), 4-14.
Schmitz, M. A., Froese, F. J., & Bader, A. K. (2018). Organizational cynicism in multinational corporations in China. Asia Pacific Business Review, 24(5), 620- 637.
Senarathna, W., & Jayarathna, S. (2021). The Impact of Perceived Organizational Politics and Workplace Incivility on Emotional Exhaustion: A Study of Middle Level Employees in the Sector, Western Province, Sri Lanka Journal of Business and Management, 9(1), 2197-2207.
Shi, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, S., Xie, F., Wang, J., Sun, Z., & Fan, L. (2018). Impact of workplace incivilityagainst new nurses on job burn-out: a cross-sectional study in China. BMJ open, 8(4).
Sirin, Y. E., Aydin, Ö., & Bilir, F. P. (2018). Transformational-Transactional Leadership and Organizational Cynicism Perception: Physical Education and Sport Teachers Sample Universal Journal of Educational Research, 6(9), 2008-2018.
Tuna, R., Bacaksız, F. E., & Seren, A. K. H. (2018). The effects of organizational identification and organizational cynicism on employee performance among nurses. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(3), 1770-1714.
Tutar, H., Tuzcuoğlu, F., & Sarkhanov, T. (2021). The Mediating Role of Organizational Cynicism in the Relationship between Workplace Incivility and Organizational Silence. TEM Journal, 10(2), 563‐572.
Yalçın, B., & Baykal, Ü. (2019). Development and psychometric testing of the Organizational Silence Behavior Scale for healthcare professionals Nursing & health sciences, 21(4), 454-460.
Yuan, Z., Barnes, C., & Li, Y. (2018). Bad BehaviorKeeps You Up at Night: Counterproductive Work Behaviors and Insomnia. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(4), 83-98.
