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Open Access Article
1 - Comparison of emotional rhetorical element in the poetry of Rahi Moairi and Diwan Abdul Wahab Al Bayati According to Ullman's theory
Fatemeh Aazam alsadat Modirzade Tehrani Shahin ojaq Alizad Fatemeh EmamiSensualness helps the poet in the creation of pictures and beautiful poetic images and the theme of new creation. By reflecting the emotions and feelings of the poet and breaking the boundaries between the senses, this array expands the meanings and power of the speaker MoreSensualness helps the poet in the creation of pictures and beautiful poetic images and the theme of new creation. By reflecting the emotions and feelings of the poet and breaking the boundaries between the senses, this array expands the meanings and power of the speaker's words and by creating Spiritual music adds to the effect on its audience. The long history of using this array, both in Persian literature and in the poems of Arab poets, shows its importance and value, which has faded over time, but has never completely disappeared, and is widely accepted in the contemporary era. It has been encountered by poets and the basis of poetic style and creativity has been found in the work of some of them. This research is a reflection on the application of this beautiful literary art in the poetry of two contemporary Iranian and Arab poets (Rahi Moiri and Abdul Wahab Al Bayati) until the sense The combinations extracted in their poems should be examined in terms of how the senses are combined and the frequency of use of each of them, and then these sensory combinations should be written in a comparative manner based on the Hungarian linguist Ulman's theory. The research method in this study is descriptive, analytical and library. The result of this research will determine the attention and interest of these two poets in using different senses and the frequency of using this poetic gift in their poems according to Ullman's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Comparative Study of Common Concepts in Hassan Al-Arab and Hassan Al-Ajam’s Poetries
Maryam MohammadzadehSince by overviewing the category of comparative literature, literary works and artistic proses of different countries, one can find commonalities in these works, the present article aims to reread the most important concepts and themes of the Hassan Ibn Sabet and Khagh MoreSince by overviewing the category of comparative literature, literary works and artistic proses of different countries, one can find commonalities in these works, the present article aims to reread the most important concepts and themes of the Hassan Ibn Sabet and Khaghani’s poetries by applying descriptive – analytical method. It comes to conclusion that Khaghani – in the field of praise – unlike Hassan, has enjoyed poetic exaggerations in praising the Sultans; but in the prophetic praises of the righteous Caliphs, both poets have expressed the real situation and descriptions and have avoided exaggeration. Hassan in his satires, only satirizes certain individuals and tribes; but in addition to mocking people, Khaghani has also mocked personality types. Khaghani's glorious poems are more limited to himself; while Hassan's poetries are more about boasting his family and tribe. Khaghani’s Khumriat (wine poems) was composed before his spiritual evolution and Hassan’s ones in the pre-Islamic period; both had avoided wine and the description of windmills in the second period of their lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - a comparative analysis of the protest literature in the poems of samih AL-Qasim and ali Reza Ghazouh (relying on criticism of international institutions)
sabrh seavashi mostafa javid nahid nasihatObjection is a type of stance, the most basic use of which is to deprive a person or a group of people who have been sued of a sense of security. The degree of impact of protest is different according to its type. One of the most effective types of protest is in the for MoreObjection is a type of stance, the most basic use of which is to deprive a person or a group of people who have been sued of a sense of security. The degree of impact of protest is different according to its type. One of the most effective types of protest is in the form of poetry; Because poets, by expressing their protests, play a significant role in awakening people and bringing society out of depression. This essay focuses on comparing the protest poems of two contemporary Palestinian and Iranian poets named Samih al-Qasim and Alireza Qazweh. The authors' effort has been to examine the commonalities and differences of the poems of these two poets, based on the American school of comparative literature, using the descriptive-analytical method. The obtained results show that the type of literature of Samih al-Qassem is mixed with helplessness and incapacity, which shows his despair, but Alireza Qazwa criticized international institutions from a position of power and with a kind of determination, which shows his hope and this hope. And the disappointment is caused by the social atmosphere of these two poets; From the point of view of Samih al-Qasim, due to the lack of a suitable platform, the impact of poetic concepts has been minimized and ultimately led to the poet's disappointment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Adjusting Analysis of Rationalism from Attitude of Abol Ala Maari and Naser khosro
تورج زینی وندAbol Ala Maari and Naser khosro consider from prominent characters of Islamic culture in the scope of ration and rationalism, so far as their rationally odes have more fame and frequency from others. This study claims that poetic experiences, acquaintance with thought o MoreAbol Ala Maari and Naser khosro consider from prominent characters of Islamic culture in the scope of ration and rationalism, so far as their rationally odes have more fame and frequency from others. This study claims that poetic experiences, acquaintance with thought of Islamic and Iranian rationalists and scientists and Greek philosophers, using from religious teachings and culture specially Ismaeeli and fatemi is from rationalism sources of these tow. Naserk hosro as a cultivated poet, has had acquaintance with Arabic literature. Thus, in writing some of his rationally subjects he has followed maari's step. Also in this study, it is beliveved that although in some cases there is similarity between Abol Ala and Naser khosro poem. But these similarities are just a simultaneous random and there is the source of some of these rationalism subjects in Islamic and Persian culture Too. This study accoding to adjusting similar aspects and some times Naser khosro effectiveness from Abol Ala. Two main subjects of this study are:A: A prelude about rationalisms process in Arabic and Persian literature and study's generalities.B: The adjusting rationalism subjects in the poem of these two poets.Key words: Abol Ala Maari, Naser khosro, Rationalism, Arabic and Persian poem, Adjusting literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Adaptive analysis of homeland in the poems of Mohammad maghot and Mohammad tage malek alshoary bahar1
rahim ansariporUndoubtedly the love of the homeland of the most important affairs tenderness the poets home to it has dealt stray missile hit his house. A tattered French uniform to dusand home one of the important extension of poetry poets of the. mor depths of the people. Feel, frie MoreUndoubtedly the love of the homeland of the most important affairs tenderness the poets home to it has dealt stray missile hit his house. A tattered French uniform to dusand home one of the important extension of poetry poets of the. mor depths of the people. Feel, friendship in history humanity among all peoples huma are responsible to different problem. Mohamad maghote of poets and writers and literaturemoasear arabeaceandandconsidered. Of Syria is but a part of his life. in Lebanon run. Like two too homeland Adouneasand emaciated gobani years Far from home life. But Malik bahare of laureate the most outstanding poets and writers, the representative of active and militant several of the National Council and the most famous journalists and dignitaries and political intellectuals period of constitutional monarchy and semi-the First Pahlavi monarchy is the political life of him from the beginning of the national movement mashroutehpolitical life of spring like other aspects of his life and complex, and the other with performing the scientific and literary him close poet affect bad conditions of society political poems From Islamic Shariats point composed by writing poems color, sense of friendship and become a shoe and stimulate and seed hatred of enemies in their hearts within both the poet In the period of colonial hard, poverty, UAE corruption, tyranny From Islamic Shariats point of life the ruling political time terms were similar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Religious Thought in Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar and Ahmad Safi al-Najafi’s poems
Yadollah Rafiee Ramazan RezaeeIf poetry is to serve the public good, and it lead sit to the moral utopia of faith in God, it will be undoubtedly authentic from the viewpoint of Islam; and the Qur'an, the Prophet(pbuh) and the Ahlul Bayt(AS) also support such a poetry. However, with adherence to the MoreIf poetry is to serve the public good, and it lead sit to the moral utopia of faith in God, it will be undoubtedly authentic from the viewpoint of Islam; and the Qur'an, the Prophet(pbuh) and the Ahlul Bayt(AS) also support such a poetry. However, with adherence to the traditions of Islam and the Holy Prophet(SAW), the poem is used as an effective weapon in defense of the moral and religious principles, and to counter enemy attacks from the appearance of Islam till now. In this field, Bahar and Ahmed Safi, are clear examples that religious beliefs and doctrines of the faith has a clear manifestation in their poems. This paper attempts to investigate with content analysis the emergence of religious thoughts in these two poets’ poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Woman in is thinking of the great literary figures of contemporary Persian and Arabic
Mehdi momtahen Maryam farrokhi poor shima Faraji farWoman is another face of human in the world. She is the main section of essence house and the leveler of the life way. The reflection of the past social beliefs and imaginations about woman had a key and determining role in persian and Arabic literature. To extent that MoreWoman is another face of human in the world. She is the main section of essence house and the leveler of the life way. The reflection of the past social beliefs and imaginations about woman had a key and determining role in persian and Arabic literature. To extent that most of these poets mentioned their latent and requests by love to woman and they emphasized on women's spiritual issues such as: education, freedom, bounty, contentment, righteousness, art, mysticism and so on. This emphasis resulted from the differences of the contemporary persian and Arabic scholars to woman compared to other groups and its result is manifested in most spiritual, humanistic and social issues. To extent that in most cases the women poets selected male, imitative and unclear recognition language for themselves. The present study tries to investigate the poets and scholars point of view about woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Quranic Martyr in the History of Persian Poetry from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali
Azizollah SalariQuoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is &ldquo MoreQuoting a Hadith from Imam Reza, distinguished interpreters of the Holy Quran argue that by “The Great Sacrifice” in the Holy Verse “And We sacrificed it with The Great Sacrifice”, the Holy Qur’an is pointing to Hussein b. Ali. He is “God’s Sacrifice” and “God’s Blood” whose sacrifice occurred in 61 A.H. Definitely he is the most spiritual and Quranic martyr in human history. Therefore, Persian poets and authors have created significant and influential poems on the magnitude of Imam Hussein’s spiritual uprising. The most outstanding historical theme addressed by various Persian artists is the unique issue of Ashura which was realized through the brilliant acts of Hussein and his loyal and valiant comrades in Karbala. Being inspired by this great and invaluable epic, Persian artists have created a prominent literature, including the most eloquent and exalting poems on Ashura. The present article aims to review Ashura literature, from Kasayee Maroozi to Behbahani Tajali. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Glance to West-East Diwan and Influence of Sa'di's Words on Goethe
Seyyed Sa'eed Firooz AbadiIt is obvious that Goethe, the celebrated German poet, has been inspired by Hafiz, and so for numerous articles have been published in this regard. Here the significant point to deal with is the influence of other great Persian poets on Goethe. Adam Olearius, an envoy o MoreIt is obvious that Goethe, the celebrated German poet, has been inspired by Hafiz, and so for numerous articles have been published in this regard. Here the significant point to deal with is the influence of other great Persian poets on Goethe. Adam Olearius, an envoy of Schleswig-Holstein's court to Safavid court in Estefan, translated Golistan of Sa'di more than a century before Hammer Purgstall's translation of Diwan of Hafiz. Olearius' translation influenced not only Goethe but also many other German poets and authors. Such impressions have sometime, like Hafiz's lyric poems, influenced the poetic imagery of Goethe, and sometime a German poet uses Sa'di's writings exactly. The aim of the present article is to remind some of the characteristics used in Goethe's works as well as significance of German translation of Sa'di's Golistan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Considering Cinquain Form in Persian and Arab Literature
Ali Sạ̄ berīPoetic models as a tool for organizing one element and part that compose a literary works and cause accretion of literary works, are sometimes found commonly in the different literature of the world, because long time the Persian and Arab literature are r MorePoetic models as a tool for organizing one element and part that compose a literary works and cause accretion of literary works, are sometimes found commonly in the different literature of the world, because long time the Persian and Arab literature are related to each other, so we can consider these cooperation easily, one of these cooperations is cinquain form and by existing some current difference, we can consider its common application as one of these two literature links, both of poets have shown their abilities in these poetic styles, although in the appearance of it, some common factors were affected and in this study we will discuss about it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparative Analysis of Simile in Wisdom Poems of Boostan and Motanabbi,s songs
mohammad benam far majid khosravi Abstract Simile is one of the most obvious and fundamental ways of expression that has a major role in imagination and effect of poet’s speech. In this article in a descriptive – analysis and comparative method, similes have been surveyed in theosophic More Abstract Simile is one of the most obvious and fundamental ways of expression that has a major role in imagination and effect of poet’s speech. In this article in a descriptive – analysis and comparative method, similes have been surveyed in theosophical poems of Boostan and Motanabbi’s theosophical poems from different aspects such as: mutual of simile, perceptual simile and conceptual simile, singular and compound, point of resemblance and … and statistical analysis of them is presented. The results of research reveal that, Saadi and Motanabbi, have used different types of similes including: singular, compound, absolute simile, implicit simile, shortened simile, emphatic simile and …, but in the application of simile they are statistically different. As among 311 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Boostan, 97 of them were similes (%31) and among 112 images that were extracted from theosophical verses of Motanabbi 43 were similes (%38) and this fact shows that Motanabbi,s power or trend to simile is more than Saadi. The second result is that Saadi,s similes are often singular, shortened and obvious, but Motanabbi,s similes are compound, implicit and complicated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Matching Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar’s lyrical themes with Sami al-Baroudi’s ones
Sadegh Ebrahimi Kavary Sakineh Asadi Rezvan LorestaniComparative literature is one of the newly-founded, useful and efficient sciences that refer to the literature of all nations in an indiscrete series and a single category(despite language and form differences). Obviously, many Iranian poets have similarity in poetry an MoreComparative literature is one of the newly-founded, useful and efficient sciences that refer to the literature of all nations in an indiscrete series and a single category(despite language and form differences). Obviously, many Iranian poets have similarity in poetry and language with other poets in the world(including Arab poets) .In every poet’s works, various themes such as literal, political and social can be found, but in the poems of Mahmoud Sami Albaroudi and Malek al-Shoara-ye Bahar, two contemporary Arab and Persian poets, there are many similarities. This paper is an attempt to examine their common lyrical themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A comparative study of the reflection of literary heritage in Rahat al-Sodur and Aghd Al-Ala
Hassan Asadzadeh Khaneghah Mohammad Ebrahimpour Namin Khosrow Jalili KohnehshahriPersian historical texts in the classical period, while are related to history in terms of content, are considered part of the heritage of Persian prose. Authors of historical works also pay special attention to the literary of prose and try to present history in the fo MorePersian historical texts in the classical period, while are related to history in terms of content, are considered part of the heritage of Persian prose. Authors of historical works also pay special attention to the literary of prose and try to present history in the form of beautiful prose and reflect a part of literary heritage such as the use of Persian and Arabic poetry, proverbs and rulings, Quranic verses and hadiths in their works. In this article, literary heritage has been studied and concluded in two prominent historical texts related to the Seljuk period, "Rahat al-Sodur" by Ravandi and "Aghd al-Ala" by Afzal al-Din Kermani, as well as the methods of using each of them. It has been concluded that both authors have used literary heritage with special skill in their works, which has had a great impact on Persian literature of that time. The reflection of verses and hadiths in both books is almost similar, but their methods of application are different. Also, the poems, proverbs and rulings used in "Rahat Al-Sodur" are far more than the book "Aghd Al-Ala". The ways of poems' function are similar in both works, and while the narrative-historical function seems to be preferable, both authors have benefited the least use of this function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A Comparative Survey on Badr Shāker and Nimā Youshij’s Poems
Alirezā Mohammadrezāie Somayeh ArmatNimā Youshij and Badr Shāker are two neologist poets who are similar in morale and poetry language, in spite of their times and places of living. They both were grown in villages and in the heart of the nature; they both left their hometowns to conti MoreNimā Youshij and Badr Shāker are two neologist poets who are similar in morale and poetry language, in spite of their times and places of living. They both were grown in villages and in the heart of the nature; they both left their hometowns to continue their studies. Talking about loneliness and naturalism is clear in their poems. The present article tries to find an answer to the following questions: 1. What are the differences and similarities between these two poets’ languages? 2. What is the reason of neology in their poems? 3. What is the most obvious depicting in these two poets’ poems? Manuscript profile -
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15 - Comparative study of Ghada al-Samman and Simin Behbahani’s lyric poems
Mehrali Yazdanpanah Sepideh MotevalliIn this paper with the title of “Comparative study of Ghada al-Samman and Simin Behbahani’s lyric poems” is trying to answer this question “what differences and similarities are there between Ghada al-Samman and Simin Behbahani&rsq MoreIn this paper with the title of “Comparative study of Ghada al-Samman and Simin Behbahani’s lyric poems” is trying to answer this question “what differences and similarities are there between Ghada al-Samman and Simin Behbahani’s lyric poems?” Ghada al-Samman is considered as the perfect representative of the new female iterature (women’s literature) and its specific type, i.e. feminine lyrical literature in Arabic literature. Simin Behbahani has been also known as one of the representatives of this new flow as well as the lady of the Iranian lyrics. Language and unique feminine feeling are among the most important features of the romances of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Application of Euphemism in Jawaheri and Aminpour's Poetries
Kheiriyeh Dammak Qasem Anwar Abbas MajidImageries are poets' achievement of awareness and experiment in their poetries. Literary men reflect their inner manners in their works by applying the environment they live in. thus their imagery is a window to know them and their poetries more and better. Kaiser Aminp MoreImageries are poets' achievement of awareness and experiment in their poetries. Literary men reflect their inner manners in their works by applying the environment they live in. thus their imagery is a window to know them and their poetries more and better. Kaiser Aminpour and Mohammad Mahdi Jawaheri both are Iranian and Arabic contemporary poets. Euphemism as a figure of speech is one of the figures which increases the speech's effect and influence as an inner factor (in poems). A study on euphemisms by two poets with two various nationalities not only presents their poetic images and world but also clarifies their thinking differences and similarities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Comparative Study on English Poems in Early and Final World War I based on Hegemony and Anti-Hegemony Concept
Mahdi Javidshad Amirhossein Ne'mati ZiyaratiThe present study compares two groups of World War I poets of English literature based on Antonio Gramsci viewpoints on comparative reading. The first group which includes characters such as Henry Newbolt, Rupert Brooke, Jesse Pope, Alice M MoreThe present study compares two groups of World War I poets of English literature based on Antonio Gramsci viewpoints on comparative reading. The first group which includes characters such as Henry Newbolt, Rupert Brooke, Jesse Pope, Alice Meynell, Alio Lindsey and John McCray may be known as the poets of the government who composed pro-war poems at the beginning of the war. Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves, and Wilfred Owen who can be called poets opposing the policies of their regime and composed anti-war poems at the end of the war. Since the themes of homeland, religion and death are among the main features of war-related writings, this study examines the mentioned themes in the poets' poetries. In this regard, Gramsci's definitions of elites and their categorization into traditional and organic as well as hegemonic and anti-hegemonic concepts helps better understand of the intended reading. Manuscript profile -
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18 - Content Analysis of Common Themes and Factors in Jarir and Akhtal’s Breaches
Hamid Motavallizadeh Naeini Reza Afkhami Aqda Rahmat alah Heidari ManeshBreaches are among the most important poetic texts in the Umayyad period in Shamat. In a book titled, "Breaches of Jirir and Al-Akhtal", Abu Muhammad has been collecting the narrations of these two poets, and Al-Ab Antoan Salehani Aliasuee has described it in recent dec MoreBreaches are among the most important poetic texts in the Umayyad period in Shamat. In a book titled, "Breaches of Jirir and Al-Akhtal", Abu Muhammad has been collecting the narrations of these two poets, and Al-Ab Antoan Salehani Aliasuee has described it in recent decades. Jarir’s and Akhtal’s Naqaez have taken advantage of some main themes. Some of these themes are more highlighted and some of them are less paid attention to, but in all of them Breaches have been applied.This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the content of common elements and themes in the poetry of Jarir and Akhtal, and by analytical-descriptive method, by investigating over 840 couplets in the form of 200 odes, it has been found that tribal prejudices, descent and lineage, Ayyam Al Aarab(Arab Days) ,politics, woman and religion are among the most important and fundamental ideas in Breaches of Jarir and Akhtal that are considered by both poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Comparative Study of Color Application in Qabbani and Sepehri's Poetries
Abdolrazzaq Rahmani احمدنور وحیدیColors play important roles in human's lives. That's why they are studied in various sciences such as physics, chemistry, psychology, arts and poetries. The artists and poets pay special attention to the aesthetical aspect of colors. The poets can depict different conce MoreColors play important roles in human's lives. That's why they are studied in various sciences such as physics, chemistry, psychology, arts and poetries. The artists and poets pay special attention to the aesthetical aspect of colors. The poets can depict different concepts such as sadness and sorrow, happiness, hopelessness and desperateness, ideal world, .… by color for their addressees. On the other hand the social, moral and psychological characters could somehow be recognized by studying colors and the different methods of expressing them. Both poets sometimes call the colors with their original names and sometimes by applying similar and close concepts. The present paper studies two contemporary poets –Sohrab Sepehri and Nizar Qabbani's – poetries in librarian method about their affection of colors. Manuscript profile -
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20 - Pontificate, the intellectuals and Quran’s point of view
Mahdi MomtahenPontificate is one the God’s mercies which has been considered for human; God has elaborated Pontificate frequently in the Holy Quran and mentions that the people of science would understand and perceive it. Ahl-e Beit were common people who have reached MorePontificate is one the God’s mercies which has been considered for human; God has elaborated Pontificate frequently in the Holy Quran and mentions that the people of science would understand and perceive it. Ahl-e Beit were common people who have reached such positions. They did not have the same degree and were not in the same position. He has shown the path to the human by Ahl- Beit in order to prevent perversion. Manuscript profile -
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21 - Examining norm deviation in the poem "Arash Kamangir" by Siavash Kasraei based on the model of "Jeffrey Leach"
Shahrukh HekmatLanguage is a means of communicating and conveying messages. As in language, there is no escape from grammar and it is necessary to learn the norms and rules of the language with the help of grammar; In literature, there is no escape from norm avoidance and deviation fr MoreLanguage is a means of communicating and conveying messages. As in language, there is no escape from grammar and it is necessary to learn the norms and rules of the language with the help of grammar; In literature, there is no escape from norm avoidance and deviation from the law. In formalist ideas, reaching from like-mindedness to empathy is done by deviating the language from conventional and common standards, or in other words, "norm deviation". Norm-avoidance is one of the most frequent terms in the theory of formalists, which, although with tolerance, is considered synonymous with words such as "defamiliarization" and "highlighting", but it is worth noting that despite sharing the goal of difference They also have them together. One of the ways to stand out from Leach's point of view is deviance, which is breaking the common and normal rules of the language and going out of the normal standards of the language in such a way that the language has more identity and influence and can be between this type A distinction was made between normal language and normal language. The present research examines Siavash Kasraei's poem by Arash Kamangir based on the model of "Jeffrey Leach" with a descriptive-analytical approach and explores the types of norm deviation based on the mentioned model. The results of the research indicate that: Siavash Kasraei, by crossing the usual norms of language, especially semantic, syntactic and lexical norms avoidance, mixed beauty and excitement and caused "poetry". Manuscript profile -
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22 - The structure of the poetic text in the attempts to “create a cloud” by Ibrahim Mustafa Al-Hamad (a stylistic study)
ysra tamer MOHAMMAD GHAFOURIFAREbrahim Mustafa al-Hamad is one of the poets whose poetry expresses the life conditions and glory of his people. His poetry is distinguished by its eloquence in description and beauty of meanings with artistic features and goals.This research, with descriptive-analytica MoreEbrahim Mustafa al-Hamad is one of the poets whose poetry expresses the life conditions and glory of his people. His poetry is distinguished by its eloquence in description and beauty of meanings with artistic features and goals.This research, with descriptive-analytical method, tries to examine the poetic view of Ibrahim al-Hamd through his poetry divan "Attempts of Ghaimah's initiative" in four levels (lexical level, syntactic level, phonetic and semantic level). . One of the most important findings of the research is that: First of all, this collection of Al-Hamd Diwan poems is an outstanding love poem, because it contains a lot of romantic words and flirting with the beloved, describing her and singing about her beauty. There are many terms of literary words in the divan of the poet and his likes, etc. and the most comprehensive words that refer to nature and related to it. Secondly, the study conducted in the analysis of the compositional level of the poem shows the wide presence of present sentences and the variety of compositional sentences. The importance of musical repetition and puns, strange sounds and abandoned sounds in most of the poems of the poet Ebrahim al-Hamad in his divan is due to the feeling of comfort and The calmness is evident. Mental stability, which requires transparency in transferring his poetic dialogue to another. Thirdly, there are many sources of artistic images in Ebrahim al-Hamd's poems, hence we see the wide and prominent presence of similes and metaphors in his poetry collection. Manuscript profile -
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23 - Unity ideological resonance in the literature of resistance to the movement of Bahrain
Ali Bagher Taheri nia Farzaneh Mahmoodi Nasrin AbbasiIslamic consciousness is set of people-revolutionaries which has being started at late 2010 s, including rising and rebelling of Bahrainian on 14th Feb. 2011. But this rising is different from others because of Bahrain Media's trying as well as western governing's effor MoreIslamic consciousness is set of people-revolutionaries which has being started at late 2010 s, including rising and rebelling of Bahrainian on 14th Feb. 2011. But this rising is different from others because of Bahrain Media's trying as well as western governing's efforts about clannish so that it is adapted as Shiite cultism, belligerent antagonistic motion against Sunnite. The topic has been reflected clearly within resistant literature, as far revolutionary poets states ideological solitariness between Shiite and Sunnite Muslims. Along direction, in this study was analyzed total relation among Islamic resistance in general and acknowledge in special. Manuscript profile -
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24 - In Fluce of Islam on Elegy
Seyed Amir Mahomood Anvar Naser HosseiniElegy is one of the most distinct manifestation of Arabic and especially Islamic poetry. Since the time that human beigns have begun their life on the planet and the sorrowful destination of death has looked for them, and since the time that the fear of death has settle MoreElegy is one of the most distinct manifestation of Arabic and especially Islamic poetry. Since the time that human beigns have begun their life on the planet and the sorrowful destination of death has looked for them, and since the time that the fear of death has settled in their heart, they have been familiar with elegy and they have composed everlasting odes regarding it.Using mournful and gloomy words, elegy- composers have composed the ghastliness of death brethren or friends. Moreover, sometimes on the loss of an elite or a knowledgeable one, elegies have been composed in which some kinds of didactic literature can be found. Raising Islam, all aspects of Arabic life changed and poem and elegy were not exceptions. Islam. Changed ideas, thoughts and approaches, and defined new standards for human life and death and made him to think about his destination and universes to believe in existence of an erudite creator, to have faith in Dooms Day and to make a bridge to the better world out of their deeds. The first changes can be seen in a famous ode named 'Daliya' by 'Hassan bin Sabit Ansari' on Prophet Mohammad loss, in which new notions can be seen that are the result of raising of Islam. Among these notions that ofter Islam have emerged in his poem some words like Allah, the sent by God (Rasol Al Allah), revelation (Vahei), inspiration (Elham) prophecy (Risalat & Nabowat) Paradise (Jannat & Bahasht) affability (Rafat), faith (Iman) and light (Nour)can be mentioned. Considering all of these, the author here is going to put light on the impact of Islam on elegy in Arabic poem in general on the elegy of Daliya of Hassan Bin Sabit Ansari. Manuscript profile -
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25 - Immitation in ‘’Andelos”poem
Hassan Shavandi Ali KordiMany critics and researchers believe that Andelos poem is the continuation of Arabic poem in the East.This viewpoint comes from this matter that the East was the aspiration of the people in Andelos and they searched their ideal poem in Arabic East and con MoreMany critics and researchers believe that Andelos poem is the continuation of Arabic poem in the East.This viewpoint comes from this matter that the East was the aspiration of the people in Andelos and they searched their ideal poem in Arabic East and considered the eastern poem a model for the form and the contents of their poems. Therefore,poetical intentions in Andelos poem are the same poetical intentions in theEast, i.e.eulogy and elegy, lyric poem and glory, lyric poem and satire. As the contents of their poems were imitation of eastern concepts. Undoubtedly, the effect of atmosphere and the particular culture of Andelos was consciously or unconsciously felt in Andelos poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Semiotic study in a poem" in the Arabic Morocco
Mohsen Seifi Masoumeh Hosseinpour Seddigheh Jafari Nezhad"Badr shakir sayyab " (1926-1964) is an outstanding contemporary Arabic poet whose poetry is a mixture of different types of literary, historical, religious, mythological and folkloric heritage. He builds his poem on the basis of antique texts and at the sam More"Badr shakir sayyab " (1926-1964) is an outstanding contemporary Arabic poet whose poetry is a mixture of different types of literary, historical, religious, mythological and folkloric heritage. He builds his poem on the basis of antique texts and at the same time, he has a special concentration on both language and texture. He tries to convey both the concepts and structure of his work to the addressee smartly. One of his most important poems that enjoys the potential of various interpretations and different understandings is " fee-l maghrebe-l- arabi " (In Arabic Morocco).The present paper aims to study the poetries at two vertical and horizontal levels by applying a descriptive and analytical approach. Its attempt is to study some of its poetic features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Critical Criteria in Seven Elements of Poetries (Comparative Analysis)
Mohammad Etemadi Rahim Ansari PourSince the expressed ideas in poetry creation and the image forms in reader's mind are not enough to rise up the poetry to the highest point, western critics consider seven features and facts for poetries which then entered Arabic critics; thus the artistic aspect could MoreSince the expressed ideas in poetry creation and the image forms in reader's mind are not enough to rise up the poetry to the highest point, western critics consider seven features and facts for poetries which then entered Arabic critics; thus the artistic aspect could be manifested in the best way. Obviously these features are different in each poem and poet's taste; while they are different from person to person or even from one society to another. The mentioned features stand beside seven elements which are language of poetry, artistic experience, poetic emotion, effort's level, complexity degree of poetry, music and form balance and the application of these features determine the goodness of a poem. The method of the present paper is analytical – descriptive. Manuscript profile -
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28 - Of Holy Quran The Influeance And Hadith narrated from the Prophet and Ahl' Al- Beit in Mortaza's Hosseinian elegies.
Mohammad Esmaiel Zadeh Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein. Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these More Mortaza and who was later on given the title Alam Al - Hoda by vizier Abu Said Mohammad Ibn Al-Hossein. Mortaza has sung 14 short and long satirical poems independently and in total 696 verses, for his grand father Emam Hossein in these touching elegies which he used to sing on the day of Ashura, he defended Shi'as basic thoughts and its ideals. He has grown under the care of his mother Fatemah, in religious and shiites family. He learned the holy Quran by heart at period of infancy and learned the religious sciences. We don't surprise that observe the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. In this paper, will be discussed the influeance of Quran and hadith on Hosseinian elegies. Manuscript profile -
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29 - Examination of structure in Hoboubi Najafi,s elegies
Nahede Fouzi Maryam Peykanpour Sad JaberianiThe fivefold elements of elegy which has come from classical Arabic criticism has special place in Hoboubi,s poem.Hoboubi, like his other contemporaries, insisted on using these elements and applied their rules and regulations on the basis of the former critic MoreThe fivefold elements of elegy which has come from classical Arabic criticism has special place in Hoboubi,s poem.Hoboubi, like his other contemporaries, insisted on using these elements and applied their rules and regulations on the basis of the former critics,s ideas in his poem well and nicely. He believed that the elements of the ancient poem are valuable heritage in literature which is remained from predecessors. And first, every poet must try to apply them nicely in his poem. Second, a poet must try to achieve the goal of creating new literal works out of traditional styles of poems. In this examination we see that Hoboubi has used special talent and genius in selecting anice opening verse and agreement of the contents of opening verse with the poems and its end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Charity (Zakat) of His Excellency Ali (puh) in The Committed Literature
Hossein ChoobinCharity (Zakat) has different meanings; one is the literal meaning and the other is the religious one. His Excellency Ali (peace be upon him) paid his Charity (Zakat) while praying when he hears a poor man's words asking for help; he donated his signet. Different poets MoreCharity (Zakat) has different meanings; one is the literal meaning and the other is the religious one. His Excellency Ali (peace be upon him) paid his Charity (Zakat) while praying when he hears a poor man's words asking for help; he donated his signet. Different poets have poems about this event. Manuscript profile -
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31 - The Contemporary Poem - Ma Yaghni an Al Moghni – its Poet and Describer
Zeinab RezapourMa Yaghni an Al Moghni is an educational poem in syntax which belongs to Ali Akbar Nahavandi. Mohammad Farid Nahavandi – the contemporary literate – studied this poem and called his description and interpretation as "Sharh Al Jamal". The present paper introd MoreMa Yaghni an Al Moghni is an educational poem in syntax which belongs to Ali Akbar Nahavandi. Mohammad Farid Nahavandi – the contemporary literate – studied this poem and called his description and interpretation as "Sharh Al Jamal". The present paper introduces this poem, its poet and describer and explains some errors and mistakes done by some translators and interpreters about the describer and the title. The method is descriptive – analytical and the most important syntactic issues are explained followed by the poem's introduction. Manuscript profile -
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32 - Study in the notification of the Miqati Al Trablusi and Saati Al Mesri
Zahra Mohajer NoieMiqati Al Terablusi (1829 to 1884-1245 to 1301) and Saati Al Mesri (1241 to 1298=1825 to 1881) leaders of poets the nineteen century have tried poem of common methods of poem of Fetrat re lease and with following of method of ancient poem as Jaheli and Abbasi era poem t MoreMiqati Al Terablusi (1829 to 1884-1245 to 1301) and Saati Al Mesri (1241 to 1298=1825 to 1881) leaders of poets the nineteen century have tried poem of common methods of poem of Fetrat re lease and with following of method of ancient poem as Jaheli and Abbasi era poem to previous station itself return in regard to firmness of style. Although some of indications of weakness of Fetrat poem in poems them appear but they in return of poem to previous station of any effort didn't refuse so that can of them as intermediary between poets of Fetrat and New Classic in regard to change of poem of common methods to firmly methods of poem mention. Miqati and Saati in sing of poems, only didn't imitate but some of lightnings innovation such as method, explanations, intention and new rhythms and rhymes in poems them appear. Although indications in novation them was little but first sparks of innovation isn't sudden but manifests to figure gradual. Manuscript profile -
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33 - Lively Nature in Abulghasem Ashsha’bi and Eghbal
leila ghasemi haji abadi zahra mohajer noyiAbstract A careful look at the greatest poets Ashsha’bi and Lahouri reveals that they are among the greatest eastern poets that focused on themselves and cheered their countrymen to know themselves; because it is the introduction to know God that leads to the fre MoreAbstract A careful look at the greatest poets Ashsha’bi and Lahouri reveals that they are among the greatest eastern poets that focused on themselves and cheered their countrymen to know themselves; because it is the introduction to know God that leads to the freedom from the colonization and all the idols; because if man knows himself and God, will come near God and the good world and he wouldn’t be afraid of anything in his life. This paper attempts to investigate symbols of life in Ashsha’bi and Lahouri’s poems. It also tries to investigate their life and culture; then to study the most important subjects that are used in their poems. The use of symbols in expression of life and nature is the most predominant symbol in their poems. Manuscript profile -
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34 - The Household (p.f.t) in poem of ‘’Kashajam’’, Alsendi-ebne-Shahak,s grandson
Seyed Mohammad Razi Mostafaviniya Mohammad Abedin BayeganKashajam Mahmood-ebne-Hosein is one of the poets of second era in Abbasi age. At first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by Abi Elhija Hamdani .Then by his son Seif-ol-Dole Hamdani got attracted to Egypt during MoreKashajam Mahmood-ebne-Hosein is one of the poets of second era in Abbasi age. At first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by Abi Elhija Hamdani .Then by his son Seif-ol-Dole Hamdani got attracted to Egypt during his traveling. Several books are remained after him such as a book of poem in which eulogy and description attained perfection.Kashajam was Alseni-ebne Shahak,s grandson, the jailor of Haroon-o-Rashid, Abbasi caliph.The one who accepted to be the jailor and torturer of Imam Mousa-ebne-Jafar (p.f.h) and at the end martyred him by poison. Kashajam talks about his love toward The Household and their Shiite, supports them and mourns over their difficulties.This matter caused us to examine his aspect of his poem in this article and talk about the differences concerning political and religious favouritism among members of his family. Manuscript profile -
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35 - The reasons of women’s (body) covering or non-covering in poetry of pre-Islamic era
Seyed Heidar ShiraziThe primitive Arab People ruled women’s (body) covering as well as chastity, and the poets were honored to praise these qualities in their poems.In the present article reasons of women’s (body) covering are studied.The main reasons to be mentioned are grief MoreThe primitive Arab People ruled women’s (body) covering as well as chastity, and the poets were honored to praise these qualities in their poems.In the present article reasons of women’s (body) covering are studied.The main reasons to be mentioned are grief and sorrow, fear of captivity in wars, enthusiasm and interests and poverty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Social and Humanistic values in the literature of Abbasid era
Esmaeil NaderiAbbasid era is one of the most precious ears among Islamic Literature ones. Taking no notice of the privileges of the aforementioned period, the critics have considered its abominations. Appraising this era’s literature with scrutiny, one would culminate that on t MoreAbbasid era is one of the most precious ears among Islamic Literature ones. Taking no notice of the privileges of the aforementioned period, the critics have considered its abominations. Appraising this era’s literature with scrutiny, one would culminate that on the contrary, there were lots of famous literati who have endeavored in favor of promulgation of social and human values such as Abotamam, Abol Aala Al Maari, Motenabbi and the prosaic realizations in the following literati such as Jahez, Badi Al Zaman Al hamedani.The underlying incentive for which we have sufficed to enumerating celebrities is to mention that they are meritorious representatives for other literati. Manuscript profile -
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37 - Comparative study of the morphology of Hani and Shimrid's love poem with the story of Lily and Majnoon Nezami
Maryam davari Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh Hadi Haidarinia Musa Mahmoud ZehiGhanaian poems are one of the most beautiful and fascinating fiction parts of literature, which has been able to be liked and liked by the general public with the centrality of love and the glorious language of poetry. It is known as the greatest story of Persian lyric MoreGhanaian poems are one of the most beautiful and fascinating fiction parts of literature, which has been able to be liked and liked by the general public with the centrality of love and the glorious language of poetry. It is known as the greatest story of Persian lyric poetry. One of the pillars of Persian poetry, he has been skilled in arranging his poems, describing houses and the character of powerful works. Ghani Lily and Majnoon compose similar Ghanaian poems. This research is regulated in a descriptive-analytical manner and library method, and the author intends to study and compare the lyrical system of Ghani Lily and Majnoon with the most famous love stories of Balochi, Hani and Shimerid. The system dates back to the reign of Rendan Baloch in the 15th and 16th centuries and is about five hundred years old. In this study, the author intends to carefully examine and analyze this poem with the military lyrical system, to reveal the beauties hidden in the work of this Baluchi love poem. Manuscript profile -
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38 - The image of Khorasan in the thought and poems of the prince of poets Bahar
Seyedeh Shabnam Lajevardi Zadeh Mohammad Hesaraki Mansooreh AhmadijafariIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has MoreIn the literary and poetic heritage of the Persian language, there are many poems on the history, geography, culture and people of Khorasan that emphasize the important role of this land and its inhabitants. Among contemporary poets, the prince of poets Bahar poets has a great passion for Khorasan. Among the motives that have led to composing poetry about the land of Khorasan in Bahar poems, we can mention religious, cultural, political, historical and love for the homeland and homeland. The purpose of this study is to clarify the dimensions of spring thought and motivations in the context of Khorasan, as well as the frequency of mention of Khorasan in his poems. This article has analyzed the Divan Poems Divan based on format and themes by analytical-descriptive method and while emphasizing the frequency of Khorasan motif in selected poems, has reached the conclusion that Khorasan in his poem is sometimes homeland. Sometimes it is his father's house and sometimes it is the place where he grew up. Also, the reflection and influence of Khorasan in the thought and poems of Bahar is the main pillar of his poems. Manuscript profile -
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39 - The Study of Optimism and Hope in Bahar’s Odes Based on Positive Psychology
Fereshteh Gholamrezaie Nezad Anari Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh Hadi Heidary NiyaPositive psychology is one of the new branches of psychology. This science has three fundamental principles: 1) the study of positive emotions, 2) the study of positive traits, and 3) the study of positive institutions. Martin Seligman, the founder of this theory, belie MorePositive psychology is one of the new branches of psychology. This science has three fundamental principles: 1) the study of positive emotions, 2) the study of positive traits, and 3) the study of positive institutions. Martin Seligman, the founder of this theory, believes that a purposeful and meaningful life relies on six positive characteristics of wisdom, courage, altruism, justice, moderation, sublimity, and positive emotions and in three paths of satisfaction, pride, and peace of the past, long-lasting happiness, enthusiasm, and enjoyment from the present, and optimism, hope, and trust in the future. This study examined the poems of Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār in descriptive, documentary, analytical, and quantitative evaluation manners and in regards to the element of optimism and hope from the positive psychological perspective. By extracting and examining the evidences from one hundred poems of Divan-e Bahār, we discovered that 83 of them have positive themes, half of which are devoted to optimism and hope with a higher frequency than despair and disappointment. Meantime, the poet has referred to the subject of complaint and sorrow in only seven poems. Despite all personal and social agonies and pains, Bahār is a positive thinking, self-flourishing, and optimistic poet. He is another example of the great men in Persian culture and literature. He has written and composed poetry to improve the environment and create a better and happier society. His craft and mission many years ago are an instance of new science that claims to provide new strategies for the better living of human beings. Manuscript profile -
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40 - Investigation and analysis of grotesque images in the poems of Shams Langroudi
Teymout Karami Mah NazariGrotesque images in Shams Langroudi's poems can be considered according to the social and personal developments of his life. He has always been very influenced by the events around him. Shams Langroudi depicts adversity and bitterness in the form of his poems and using MoreGrotesque images in Shams Langroudi's poems can be considered according to the social and personal developments of his life. He has always been very influenced by the events around him. Shams Langroudi depicts adversity and bitterness in the form of his poems and using the tools and aspects of grotesque for the audience of his works. Until the publication of "Grotesque in Literature" in 1957 by Wolfgang Kaiser, grotesque was only a violent comedy. But Kaiser and Mikhail Bakhtin introduced other dimensions and aspects of grotesque, such as comedy and horror, disharmony, incoherence, and grotesque exaggeration to literature. In this research, using analytical-descriptive method and using library sources, while examining the grotesque poems of Shams Langroudi, we try to find out which aspect of the grotesque aspects is used in his poems and has more expression? Given our knowledge of his character, it is expected that the comedic aspect of horror will be more prevalent in his poems. The result of the research, however, indicates a higher frequency of inconsistency than other grotesque aspects in Shams Langroudi's poems. Manuscript profile -
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41 - Analysis of dominant discourse in Hafez's lyric poems based on challenging-argumentative aspects of speech action theory
saeed akbari pabandi Mehri Talkhabi hosein arianSpeech act is one of the important topics in the pragmatics and linguistic philosophy in which the researcher in his/her analysis gives the most role to discourse in context. This paper aims to shed light on the dominant discourse of Hafez's lyric poems. It also shows h MoreSpeech act is one of the important topics in the pragmatics and linguistic philosophy in which the researcher in his/her analysis gives the most role to discourse in context. This paper aims to shed light on the dominant discourse of Hafez's lyric poems. It also shows how the poet, in the position of a social critic, for inspiring his views to the audience has used various verbal methods and speech act to convey his views to the audience. The study of the speech acts of Hafez's lyric poems to discover the dimensions of his belief system has research importance. It is assumed that the dominant discourse and the distinguishing feature of Hafez's lyric poems is RENDY'S discourse, and it tells about the poet's ideology and the way he communicates with the institutions of power. For this purpose, we acted on topics related to speech act theory centered on the Five maxims of John Searle, and analyzed the data extracted from DIVAN in statistical-descriptive methods. The results of the research indicate that Hafez in producing his discourse, has used integrated acts and different methods of reasoning, including imperative, persuasive and persuasive to better influence the audience, to invite them to the world of their beliefs Also, the dominant discourse in this poet's lyrics is RENDY’S one. Manuscript profile -
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42 - Comparative study of "verb stylistics" in Forough Farrokhzad's social poems And Golrokhsar Safiava through the lens of the transient system
Simin Fayzollahi Khoday nazar AsazadehHalliday's orthodoxy approach provides the researcher with a tool through which he or she can grasp the ideology of the text and the ways in which the speaker chooses to convey his or her thought. This approach is the product of a "social look" at language and takes pla MoreHalliday's orthodoxy approach provides the researcher with a tool through which he or she can grasp the ideology of the text and the ways in which the speaker chooses to convey his or her thought. This approach is the product of a "social look" at language and takes place at the language level with the help of three intellectual, interpersonal, and textual paradigms. The role of thought is divided into two functions: empirical and logical. In the empirical function, the language expresses the experiences of the outside world. The product of this function in the sentence is a transitive that is used to identify different types of processes in the sentence - which is manifested in the verb. One of the main themes of contemporary poetry, especially women's poetry, is attention to social issues and its representation in the language of poetry. A poet who reflects social concepts in his poetry, his goal is to raise artistic and social perception and insight. He wants his poem to have a human message and to acquaint people with the events of his time. The souls of poets of social poetry are born with a sense of social responsibility and the poet lives with the people and among the people. Among contemporary female poets, Forough Farrokhzad is one of the women who reflects social ideas in her poems and by reading her poetry, the audience can become aware of her views on social issues. Among contemporary Tajik women, Golrokhsar Safiyava is also considered a poet with social concerns. This research tries to answer the main question in a descriptive-analytical way: Which language processes did Forough Farrokhzad and Golrokhsar Safiava use to express the views and social concerns of their time? And what is the place of these processes in the transmission of social thought of these two poets? Manuscript profile -
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43 - Analyzing the word "Fortune" in "Eghbalname" and "Makhzan -al-asrar" from the perspective of fatalism regards the analysis of Fairclough 's discourse
marmar hessami Bahram ‎ Parvin Gonabadi asghar dadbehFatalism is one of the major discourses in the field of literature. In many of his actions, man accepts the free will consciously and unconsciously, but when he fails to resort to fate and believes in and speaks of the supreme will that has finally subjugated him. Where MoreFatalism is one of the major discourses in the field of literature. In many of his actions, man accepts the free will consciously and unconsciously, but when he fails to resort to fate and believes in and speaks of the supreme will that has finally subjugated him. Whereas, based on the theories of theorists such as Yule, Brown and Fairclough, discourse analysis is applied to language, it cannot be limited to describing linguistic statements that are independent of the purposes and functions that these statements are designed to address in human affairs. , Given the high frequency of words like "fortune" in the books of many poets and writers, these words should be regarded as "signified" words that carry the meta-semantic and transnational concept, rooted in the subconscious and ideology of their speakers. In this article I will attempt to examine the relationship of these words in "Eghbalname" and "Makhzan -al-asrar” ‘s Nezami poem with Zurvanian fatalism thinking and to analyze the discourse based on Norman Fairclough 's theory of analysis. In this article, while discussing these vocabulary, the persistence and effect of Zurvanian -Mehri fatalism on the thoughts and works of writers and poets, as well as the transmission of this thinking to later periods are discussed. Manuscript profile -
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44 - Comparative study of the content of Mirfanderski and Fayyaz Lahiji poems
Parvin Jafarian Ali Asghar HalabiThe basis of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the basis for collecting data, documents and the nature of the method used qualitative content analysis.Indeed, in this treatise, the poetry of these two wise men of the eleventh century AH was examined fro MoreThe basis of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the basis for collecting data, documents and the nature of the method used qualitative content analysis.Indeed, in this treatise, the poetry of these two wise men of the eleventh century AH was examined from the point of view of stylistic science.The use of the emotional language of poetry is a good case for a linguistic analysis-content based on stylistic science to express the scientific topics and explain philosophical issues by the philosopher of the language, such as Mirfendersky who has been fluent in addition to Farsi in Hindi.The same applies to Fayyaz Lahiji, who has devoted his poetic taste to explaining mystical and philosophical issues.In the field of content analysis, some of Mirferdeski's works are indications of the philosophy of illumination, and in others, there are strings of affection. This contradiction is also seen in Fayyad Lahiji's votes.Finally, it can be said that the content of the works of Fayyaz and Mirfendereski is rooted in the philosophical schools of Islam and Transcendentalism and Transcendental wisdom, and, of course, it can be considered a more serious poetry because of having a more poetic language and having a verse of poetry.At the same time, an analytical and comparative look at the content of the works of these two thinkers can be interesting in many fields, including semiotics. Manuscript profile -
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45 - Levels of representation of annihilation from the perspective of the narrator of Ghazaliat e Shams
Rashid KakavandAlthough annihilation literally means destruction, but in the path of mysticism, it is a high level of knowledge that is manifested in the presence of a friend, and in the words of Abolhassan Kharghani: "A friend, when he comes with a friend, sees just friend, does not MoreAlthough annihilation literally means destruction, but in the path of mysticism, it is a high level of knowledge that is manifested in the presence of a friend, and in the words of Abolhassan Kharghani: "A friend, when he comes with a friend, sees just friend, does not see himself." Mystics, theoretical and practical, have addressed this issue. Exciting anecdotes have been narrated from the great mystics, each of which reveals their credibility as well as the true meaning of annihilation. After a detailed search in the wonderful world of mystics and finding examples of theories of mystics and experts in their definitions and interpretations on the subject of annihilation, and then finding illustrative examples of anecdotes and practical experiences of annihilation quoted in authentic mystical books and texts Yes, we have turned to the sun's lyric poems. Rumi's spontaneity is a manifestation of annihilation that ranges from the selection of percussion and melodic weights, repeated intermediate rhymes, breaking the rules of language and even the form of poetry, small and large language and poetic norms, paradoxical expression, to creating spaces. Includes eerie and so-called surreal. We looked for examples of each of these effects in Rumi's sonnets and placed them in a regular category. The narrator of Rumi's sonnets confronts annihilation in three positions: conscious, semi-conscious and unconscious. The conscious narrator of the sonnets consciously and logically speaks of annihilation and educates the disciples, and in a theoretical sense, speaks of annihilation and reveals its conditions and details. The half-conscious narrator of these sonnets is in a state of fascination and perdition, but he has not completely lost it yet; Knows and speaks of his wisdom with a fascinated state; In fact, sparks of his subconscious shine in the middle of consciousness. But the unconscious narrator of Rumi's sonnets narrates the unspoken and abandoned, unselfish and mortal, impossible and lost moment of presence and meeting. It is the unconscious release of the narrator who speaks. It is in these moments that the singer of Shams's lyric poems encounters wonderful and unprecedented moments; Moments full of astonishment, and confusing. I am the narrator in these third type narratives; Because individuality and in other words: Rumi's personal experiences are expressed in this section. Finally, a surprising variety is created in Shams's sonnets, which includes some of Rumi's norm-breaking in form, weight, rhyme and language. Manuscript profile -
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46 - The range of codes and symbols of happiness and hope in Mawlana's sonnets
Parvindokht Rezaei Majdabadi Hosein Parsaei Reza Forsati JoybariThe symbols of happiness and hope as two interconnected signs that always affect the form and meaning of human life and character, have been a subject of reflection in all human cultures. Rumi is a happy and hopeful human being according to what can be obtained from his MoreThe symbols of happiness and hope as two interconnected signs that always affect the form and meaning of human life and character, have been a subject of reflection in all human cultures. Rumi is a happy and hopeful human being according to what can be obtained from his works, especially the sonnets of Shams. In this article, the two signs of happiness and hope, not only as signs that indicate conventional and personal meanings; Rather, it serves as the center of a spectrum of various symptoms that are somehow associated with happiness and are considered to be the factors that cause it. The main issue of this article is to show the range and semantic spectra of happiness and hope. This issue has been formed according to the assumption that the abundance of dancing weights and the turbulent tone and joy of love in Rumi's sonnets probably expresses a meaning beyond what is received from the two signs of joy and hope. Thus, it is necessary to represent these spectrums and the semantic auras that result from them, and the "purpose" of the authors is to represent the breadth of thought and the depth of Rumi's emotion in this regard. The data of the research, which have been analyzed and described by a qualitative method, show that Rumi has maintained his happy spirit in almost all moments of life and in every mental condition and in every encounter with environmental phenomena, and has not left a circle of despair. Sit on the face of his life. Manuscript profile -
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47 - comparison of appellations in the ''History of Sistan'' & “Poems of Khaghani”
Mohammad Mohammadi Malekabadi Mehrdad Chatraei Ghorbanali EbrahimiOne of the most interesting questions for humans is the reason for naming things (the appellation). In the texts of Persian poetry and prose, some writers and poets, in the course of their works, Etymologized some words and define their appellation(the reason of naming) MoreOne of the most interesting questions for humans is the reason for naming things (the appellation). In the texts of Persian poetry and prose, some writers and poets, in the course of their works, Etymologized some words and define their appellation(the reason of naming). Studying, analyzing, and classifying these appellations, indicates the way they look at the construction of words. In this article, some of these appellations that are included in the ''history of Sistan'' and "Divan-e-Khaghani" are examined and compared. For this purpose, we categorized the types of the appellation and mentioned the evidence from different books. Then we extracted and examined the examples of the appellation from the ''history of Sistan'' and "Divan-e-Khaghani". By examining the samples, it was found that the author of the ''history of Sistan'' has paid more attention to the etymology of words in expressing the appellation, and in some cases, he has referred to the Folklore but Khaghani has paid more attention to poetic games with words and offers innovative appellation. Of course, he has also paid attention to the appellation mentioned in other books. This article has been written in a descriptive-analytical way and the data has been collected in the library method. Although several articles have been published on the subject of the ''Appellation'' but so far no independent article has been published on the subject of ''Appellation in the history of Sistan''. Manuscript profile -
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48 - Analysis and identification of verse linking methods in Hafez's lyric poems Using the theories of the last centuries Hafez's researchers
Zohreh Khalili Asghar Dadbeh Ahmad khiyali khatiniIn the feature of "connection" or "non-connection" in Hafez's lyric poems, there are two dominant and contradictory theories, "verse independence" and "continuity of meaning of verses".according to Shah Shoja's famous critique in Hafez's poems both theories has existed MoreIn the feature of "connection" or "non-connection" in Hafez's lyric poems, there are two dominant and contradictory theories, "verse independence" and "continuity of meaning of verses".according to Shah Shoja's famous critique in Hafez's poems both theories has existed in Hafez's living time and now, in our time these theories are in the center of attention for Hafez's researchers.The theory of the continuity of the verses of Hafez's lyric poems under the title of "logical sequence of verses" as opposed to the theory of "independence of verses" which by comparing Hafez's lyric poems to the surahs of the Qur'an and using the term "Pashan" in the group "Independence of verses", Offered many reasons to reject the "logical sequence of verses".In the last century, many Hafez's researchers have proposed theories in defense of "semantic coherence of verses", but the way each of them proposed to link Hafez's verses was different and sometimes contradictory to the other theories.In this research, while introducing and examining the views of Hafez's researchers in this field, an attempt has been made to identify and analyze their methods for connecting the poet's verses, because belief and commitment to "semantic continuity of verses" leads to better understanding and deeper knowledge in Hafez's poems.The statistical population of this research is the works of Hafez's researchers in the last century who have expertise on the "semantic continuity of verses" of Hafez's poem or have provided a way to connect Hafez verses. The sample size is all books, articles and sources that have been referred to in this research. the research method is descriptive-analytical and the theoretical framework, views and analyzes that believe in the semantic continuity of Hafez's verses. Manuscript profile -
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49 - Musical instruments and musicians in five treasure Nezami Ganjavi
Reza Afsharzadeh Heshmat GheysariMusic and literature are inseparable as the season has long been of particular interest As far as the actual border identity can not be And while these two categories according to the different contexts have their own personalities are independent. Set to music apprecia MoreMusic and literature are inseparable as the season has long been of particular interest As far as the actual border identity can not be And while these two categories according to the different contexts have their own personalities are independent. Set to music appreciation and respect, indeed reverence the Persian language is Persian literature and a great attitude to this important, valuable and worthy of study. Nezami explicit references to musical instruments, Despite the frequent repetition of phrases and elements of music,his poetry,Indicate the extent of his knowledge and familiarity with the art. Five military Treasure addition to literary and poetic collection is extremely valuable in the music industry can be a useful reference for research. It is a great source of wisdom and the arts, while introducing musical instruments and their use; Reflect customs and traditions of the past in the field of musical instruments in different times and occasions, such as the welcome ceremony of the kings and elders, ceremonies, celebration and mourning, beginning and middle of the campaign, etc., have been played. Although every occasion has its own special tools, but there are common tools that were used. The use of equipment, instruments and songs at the banquet, and the combat is very diverse, Many different instruments are played by others, such as the trachea, windpipe and the lute, harp, R., harp and lute, and Rvyynh bending or bugles have been together in symphony. Manuscript profile -
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50 - ASJJOI
Leil jani Ali Mohamad SajadiThe history of Sistan is one of the most valuable history books of the genesis era. this work includes two distinctive parts with two different styles from two different periods written by two persons. The first part includes the events of MoreThe history of Sistan is one of the most valuable history books of the genesis era. this work includes two distinctive parts with two different styles from two different periods written by two persons. The first part includes the events of 444- 445 Hejri, i.e. the early of the dominance of Saljoqi Dynasty . The second part includes the events after that year until 725 Hejri written the early of 8th century logistic study of Sistan History can demonstrate the written language feature of its era in terms of vocabulary, Verb syntax, sentence structure, … . Here it has been tried to identify this work in terms of their grammatical. Syntactic and contextual differences and similarities. Manuscript profile -
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51 - Patriotic poems and its approaches in the multiple poems of the constitutional era
Abolqasem Radfar Zahra Parsapor Alireza Fouladi Roqayyeh FarahaniPatriotic poems are the works which are about home, love it, issues and events related to it and having the common social, political, linguistic and religious emotion toward it. Patriotic poems have been unprecedented in the constitutional era in comparison to other per MorePatriotic poems are the works which are about home, love it, issues and events related to it and having the common social, political, linguistic and religious emotion toward it. Patriotic poems have been unprecedented in the constitutional era in comparison to other periods of Persian poetry both in terms of bulk of poems and approach and the issues raised in it. Since the multiple poem has been applied by the poets of the constitutional era as the most effective format for conveying concepts, this article which is written based on the descriptive method, studies the patriotic poems in the most prominent multiple poems of the constitutional era, while discussing the history of patriotic poems in the Persian poetry. This article in addition to speaking about the types of patriotic poems in the multiple poems of the constitutional era, shows the main approaches of the poems of this era toward patriotic poems. The picture that most poets of this period present about the country is the national and ethnic country. Attention of the poems to the country is raised as of: mythology, Iranian nationalism, being proud of the historical background of Iran, suggesting the destruction of the country and asking people to build it up, anticipation for a better future and in the shape of Islamic country. Manuscript profile -
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52 - Review and analysis a contract between certainty and bewilderment in Attar`s Gazal
Razeie Shahrabadi Touraj AghdaeiGnosis is replete with contrasts. due to These contrasting elements, which were ascribed to the Attribute of the entire universe and it`s various glories and also, sever and different spiritual mood And experiments in various spiritual conditions, gnosis language was di MoreGnosis is replete with contrasts. due to These contrasting elements, which were ascribed to the Attribute of the entire universe and it`s various glories and also, sever and different spiritual mood And experiments in various spiritual conditions, gnosis language was directed toward specifying Thise contradictory state.bewilderment and certainty, are among gnostic contradictionsone and a Step toward gnostic manner and behavior, which have shone through poet`s and mystic`s poetry Variously. Attar, as a mystical poet, who is filled whit gnostic achievements and experiment, has Reflected these two magniflcent issues in his poems so noticeably. this articie is to demonstrate The contract between certainty and bewilderment in Attar`sGazal (Poems). as a result of rummaging Through Attar`s poems, it is understood that certainty and bewilderment have a circular movement. Also upon Attar`s opinion, to reach mystic manner, the acquired certainty as result of bewilderment Eventually will astonish the gnostic, because, the last step to divinely certainty is confession to Bewilderment by absolute and incomparable God. Here, research data Have collected by analytical By library approach and have processed by analytical and descriptive mathods. Manuscript profile -
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53 - A Comparative study of Romanticism in the Poems of Sohrab Sepehri and Jibran Khalil Jibran
Zahra Sedaqati Dr. Zahra Soleymani -
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54 - Analysis and interpretation of Modality and Syntactic Voice in Literary texts of Arash Kangargar and Derafsh Kaviani Poetry
Seyyed Hossein vahid arab Ahmad ZakeriIn stylistic analysis of text and viewpoints of the poet, it is important to examine and identify “categories of modality and syntactic voice” of the layered stylistics structure. The purpose of this paper is to understand the correlation between modality wi MoreIn stylistic analysis of text and viewpoints of the poet, it is important to examine and identify “categories of modality and syntactic voice” of the layered stylistics structure. The purpose of this paper is to understand the correlation between modality with meaning of speech, degree of certainty of lyrics, and determination of the poet's words. In order to discover the relationship between the poet's language and his insight and worldview using a descriptive-analytical method, three syntactic modality variables including verb, adverb and adjective as well as two active and passive syntactic voice were examined in two valuable collections of contemporary poetry, Arash the Archer and Derafsh Kaviani. The research findings indicated that there is a consistent and complementary relationship between syntactic structures and speech content. Indicative mood, as a dominant mood with definite degree of expression, makes statement about Arash the Archer and Derafsh Kaviani. With great interest and based on the needs of society, Kasraei and Mosadeq tried to restore those myths. Passive voice is the most frequent syntactic voice. However, in the texts of this study, as the sentences with intransitive and copular verbs cannot be passive, they work in the opposite way of diagnostic criteria so the active voice overcome the passive voice and adds to the authoritative power of the speaker's words. Four stylistic components – dynamic poetic syntax, emotional and idealistic stylistic form, two views of hope and disappointment, and overt and covert position – are created by the confluence of two syntactic layers. Manuscript profile -
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55 - Reflection of the pre-Islamic Arabic poems, in Khajavi Kermani’s Poems
tpraj Zeynivan zeynab ManouchehriThe adaptation of pre-Islamic Arabic poems, is not limited to Persian poets in the fourth and fifth centuries, instead the poets have used it in the sixth or seventh centuries, in order to take advantage of the deal. Khajavi Kermani, a famous poet of the eighth century, MoreThe adaptation of pre-Islamic Arabic poems, is not limited to Persian poets in the fourth and fifth centuries, instead the poets have used it in the sixth or seventh centuries, in order to take advantage of the deal. Khajavi Kermani, a famous poet of the eighth century, has been influenced by two different approaches of pre-Islamic poems; at first, he has adapted of pre-Islamic poems in the field of standing and weeping over the ruins of the beloved and addressing cameleer, traveling and particularly describing the displacement expressed separation sad parting of friends. Although his creation of innovative and imaginative images has created on the undeniable atmosphere in the pre-Islamic lyrics, and the second, he has made innovative in this field by romantic storytelling to name a famous brides in the pre-Islamic poems, mirth-making, and addressing the butler in the mystical approach. He has used secular, financial meanings in the mystical ways, in order to create the fundamental evolution in this field. Manuscript profile -
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56 - Comparative analogy of poverty in Nima and Nazek Almalaekeh’s poem
Tahereh Ishany -
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57 - Science in the view point of Bahar and Hafez Ebrahim
zahra soleymaniBahar and Hafez ebrahim are two important poets in recent literature of iran and egipt. Their social and political participations was very importantin their histoty baise on this they called Malekl-al-shoara and the poet ofNile. In this study we try to know their view p MoreBahar and Hafez ebrahim are two important poets in recent literature of iran and egipt. Their social and political participations was very importantin their histoty baise on this they called Malekl-al-shoara and the poet ofNile. In this study we try to know their view point to their idial socity Manuscript profile -
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58 - Study of Poem Attribution in Anthology of Eskandar Mirza Timury
Musa Wasfi Qaravolkhaneh omid majd mohammad rezaeiAnthologies are very important because of the variety of poems. As it is known, literary taste changes in every century, and poem that was popular at a time may not be much appreciated at another time. Certainly, these poems will be forgotten, and sometimes even the nam MoreAnthologies are very important because of the variety of poems. As it is known, literary taste changes in every century, and poem that was popular at a time may not be much appreciated at another time. Certainly, these poems will be forgotten, and sometimes even the names of their poets are gradually forgotten. Anthology seems to be a safe place to preserve these poems and the names of their poets. Thus, by using them, one could find examples of poem from poets whose diwans have not been transcribed and have disappeared. This shows the importance of Anthologies. In addition to these advantages, manuscript anthologies have some drawbacks that need to be corrected so that researchers who refer to them do not go astray. Assigning of poem to a poet is of the things that an author may mistake. As in the book of Eskandar Mirza Timury, in a few cases, some poems mistakenly referred to other poets which we have discussed in this paper. In the present paper, we have examined the correctness of assigning poems in four sections. 1) Poems which is attributed to two different poets in the anthology 2) Two poems in the form of a MOSAMMAT whose components are quoted to eleven poets 3) poems mistakenly attributed to others by the phrase of "again from him" 4) Poems that have been attributed to other poets in various sources. Manuscript profile -
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59 - A Comparative Study of the lyrical Story of “Yusuf and Zuleika” in Jami (khatam alshoara) and Andalib’s (a Turkmen poet)
khojehseied Seied Mohammadi Mohammad Fazeli reza ashrafzadehStudying the interplay between international literature is in the field of comparative literature effect in this field and its contribution in this area includes the enrichment of national language and literature and understanding and friendship of nations. The impact o MoreStudying the interplay between international literature is in the field of comparative literature effect in this field and its contribution in this area includes the enrichment of national language and literature and understanding and friendship of nations. The impact of Iranian language, culture and ivilization on native language and literature is one of the areas of research topics in comparative literature.“Yusuf and Zulika” is a Qur'anic story which has had a great infuence on the lyrical literature.In this research,the structure of story and the processing methods of two writers with different languages and cultures have been probed and explained using a comparative-analytic approach.“Yusuf and Zuleika” by Nurmohammad Andalib,the 12th century poet,writer, and translator has been compared with Abdulrahman Jami’s“Yusuf and Zuleika”(9thcentury)so that the similarities and differences of these two works in Turkmen and Persian would be examined.The overall results of this research are as follows:we could see characters of anciant stories.unlike Jami’s narration, Andalib’s work has more metaphysical factor. the central theme of the story is the love of“Yusuf and Zulika”he tries to implicitly press his theosophicad in sight of the story. In Andalib's narrative, Yusuf is the main character of the story, and the proximity of the story is evident to what was mentioned in Sura Yusuf. Andalib trie to narrate the story. Manuscript profile -
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60 - Political teachings in eulogy of Sanayi poems
maryam mohammadzadehSanayi's pionee­ring in different poetic issues such as inserting mytical concept into persian poet, establishing the bases of social and critical poems MoreSanayi's pionee­ring in different poetic issues such as inserting mytical concept into persian poet, establishing the bases of social and critical poems and creating lyrics is always taken for granted. The points that have recieved little attention are Sanayis eulogy poem and his innovation in presentment of Political teachings and creating a new style in panegyric poem which has a great influence on sadie and his panegyric,and its being unknown has created a sense of doubt in poets awaking and accusations in this field as well. Therefore, present paper, using descriptive – analytical method, besides analyzing different types of sanaies poems, it has introduced these Political teachings. Finding show that in the form of parody and expression of tales from the past, Sanayi has been advised the rulers in eulogy poems, and encourages them to performance justive, to carefull in selection of employees and to deal with wrongdoers.­Also,­ he­ warns against­ shedding the blood of­ innocents. Manuscript profile -
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61 - The Comparative Comparing of the Presence of Love in the Poems of Shams Langeroudi and Ghadat Al-Saman
Marjan Rezataji -
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62 - Considering facilities and authorities of grammatical points in NaseKhosro poem
s.y Seyyed Torabi جهاندوست Sabz Alipour Any language has a set of rules that all speakers are required to obey the rules. In these rules there are also some authorities that put speakers free. For examples everyone can say the plural of the word<<parandeh>>, <<parndegan>> or < More Any language has a set of rules that all speakers are required to obey the rules. In these rules there are also some authorities that put speakers free. For examples everyone can say the plural of the word<<parandeh>>, <<parndegan>> or <<parandeha>>. In addition to these public facilities, poets have other facilities too. These ligusitic facilities don’t change rhythm of speech sometimes; like<<Cheshm/Chashm>> and sometimes the rhythm changes. Like :<<Afsaneh/fasaneh>> and <<eskandar/Sekandar>>. The main goal of the research is responding the question that how does Persian poets use language to their benefits, and try to make it beautiful by defamiliarization and solve their poems’ rhythm problem? The intention of grammatical facilities in the research is facilities that allow poets to be free to choose some equal items so that besides saving meaning, to be able by choosing one choice orders poem’s rhythm. Degree of created facilities in each literary work in each period is different. Collecting all these facilities in the whole Persian literature need research for many years. In this paper only the most important grammatical facility in both important sections of word construction and syntax of NseKhosro court. For example changing location of rejection vand and continuity vand making distance between components of compound verb, using non-nominative attached pronoun for intransitive verbs, changing location of adjective in a sentence is such grammatical facilities. By identification of grammatical facilities we can help updating Persian language a lot. These facilities exist in any poem and prose but in this paper just grammatical facilities of the poem have been considered. If we could consider al texts of Persian literature, many problems of Persian language would have been identified and solved. Manuscript profile -
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63 - Study of the Preludes of Ten Epic Narrative Poems
Farhad Mohammadi Ahmad Zakeri -
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64 - Study of the Image of Holy Messenger (PUH) as Depicted in Khajouye Kermani’s Collection of Poems
Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Shahin Khakbaz -
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65 - Investigation of the love concept in the poems of Jamil bin Muammar based on the Plato's Symposium
Reyhane Sardar Ali Ganjian Khenari Seyed Ebrahim DibajiPlato is one of the three great philosopher in classical Greece. The human being and his problems are the main concerns in his works. Then, the major efforts in his philosophical essays is paying attention to the human issues like ethics, justice, love etc. . . . Since MorePlato is one of the three great philosopher in classical Greece. The human being and his problems are the main concerns in his works. Then, the major efforts in his philosophical essays is paying attention to the human issues like ethics, justice, love etc. . . . Since past, Plato’s written works, due to their ethical and idealistic point of view, has drawn the attention of western and eastern philosophers and his ideas has been welcomed by Muslim philosophers and even Islamic mysticism has been influenced by Plato’s ideas. One of the concepts he has addressed is love. Plato has paid attention to the concept of love in three works called Phaedrus, the Republic, and in Special Way of Symposium. The Symposium is a narrative of the six Athenian’s dialect (including Socrates) about love that Plato is narrating. In the present study, we tried to investigate the concept of love in the Ozri love-seeker poet's book, Jamil bin Muammar, with an analytical and comparative approach based on the opinions expressed in Symposium and in a Particular Way according to Socrates opinions. In other words this study is a comparative investigation between viewpoint of Plato as a cultured philosopher and Jamil bin Muammar as a poet who has been lived in an Islamic society and has been purified by Islamic morality. Therefor, the study aims to discovering the common points and ideas in the Symposium and poems of Jamil. What has come out of this investigation is that some aspects of the opinions presented in Symposium, especially Socrates opinions are seen in the lyrics of Jamil Bin Muammar and his view of love. We see these aspects in the cores of the love’s interstitial nature of love, seeking half-lost (or alter ego), characteristic of immortality of love, and love and courage. Manuscript profile -
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66 - The commitment problem in the critical and poetic discourses of the contemporary Arbic literature
Faramarz Mirzaee Abdolhosein Feghhi'commitment problem' is one of the most important problems for the contemporary literary critics and poets of Arab world. Surprisingly, literary researcher by deep study finds that the commitment has different senses for Arab literary critics and Arab poets. literary cr More'commitment problem' is one of the most important problems for the contemporary literary critics and poets of Arab world. Surprisingly, literary researcher by deep study finds that the commitment has different senses for Arab literary critics and Arab poets. literary critics see it as an obligation to social affairs, whereas Arab poets put it in the vital sphere of the freedom of speech. The study of this problem of criticism is important because it shows the difference between literary criticism and poem and that the contemporary literary critic tries to criticize poems in terms of his/her critical desires not in terms of the poetic demands and needs of the poet. Why such a deep difference emerged between critical discourse and poetic one in Arab world? This article by use of a descriptive and analytic method and by reference to critics and poets ideas tries to answer the question. The results of the research shows that the contemporary Arab critic who relies on the ideas of western critics and their literary schools, specially literary socialism, proposes principles to evaluate Arabic poems, instead of speculating specifically Arabic poems and exploitimg critical rules from them. Thus, from his/her view point poet must be committed to social problems, specially social justice, whereas the Arab poet who is influenced from Sartrian ontological thought believes that he/she must be committed to freedom of speech and nothing more. This difference in the interpretation of a critical and literary notion as 'commitment' is speculative and deserves study to be clear why literary criticism is imitative and is not derived from the poems of Arab world, and why Arab critic imposes thoughts outside the literary text on the Arabic poems. Manuscript profile -
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67 - The narrative structure in the poem "Children bear the mind" of Suleiman al-Issa
mahtab dehqan Rasol BallaviStudying the structure of the texts, especially poetic texts, from the point of view of narrative criticism is of great importance because it gives us a new vision of what we read from the poems of modern times. This branch of literary criticism is used in the study of MoreStudying the structure of the texts, especially poetic texts, from the point of view of narrative criticism is of great importance because it gives us a new vision of what we read from the poems of modern times. This branch of literary criticism is used in the study of many poetic texts and prose to learn the construction of these texts better. In this research we used this critical approach to study the poem "Children with the Consciousness" by Suleiman al-Issa, the Syrian poet of children from his poetry collection "I and Jerusalem". In this research, we have relied on the analytical descriptive approach, and we have included several narratives about narrative, narrative structure, and a short vision of the poet's life in the introductory section. Then we studied the most important narrative techniques in the poem, such as the characters, the plot, the idea, the meaning, the dialogue, the narrator, and so on. During this study, we have reached several conclusions, including: that the poet has sufficient skill in dealing with characters from the elements of narration and has relied on narrative techniques in the narrative text, especially with regard to the mentality of children. Manuscript profile -
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68 - An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry
sadegh Ebrahimi kavariIN the name of Allah,the beneficial,merciful An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professor of the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch Since prison poems compris a large bulk of Persian poetry, and MoreIN the name of Allah,the beneficial,merciful An analysis of the style of prison poems in contemporary Persian poetry Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professor of the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch Since prison poems compris a large bulk of Persian poetry, and since they show technical developments Persian poetry has undergone,a thorough study of such poems is very important. Since there are numerous prison poems in contemporary Persian literature, this study restricts itself to analysis of of the structure and the style of such poems. In addition, this study focuses on the prison poems written at the our time.To do so,we have selected poems by Malek al Shoara Bahar who is a key figure in writing such poems. The main goal of this study is to analyze the feature of this genre with an emphasis on Bahar and the contemporary persian poetry. key words: prison poems,stylistics, Malek al shoara Bahar. Sadegh Ebrahimi kavari Assistant professorof the Islamic Azad university- Abadan branch-Iran Manuscript profile -
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69 - Semiotics of the codes of nationalist poems of Badawi jabal Case study: Aesthetic, temporal and spatial codes, personality psychology
Sakineh Hosseini AliRedha Mohammad Redhaei Naser GhasemiSemiotics is to study sign systems within the social life. Its task is to search for the hidden meanings of all sign systems, both linguistic and non-linguistic. This research tries to study the most important codes of nationalist poems of Badawi Jabal through a d MoreSemiotics is to study sign systems within the social life. Its task is to search for the hidden meanings of all sign systems, both linguistic and non-linguistic. This research tries to study the most important codes of nationalist poems of Badawi Jabal through a descriptive-analytical approach and in the light of semiotic analysis, because they have meanings and significations that seem useful in studying the text of the poem, recognizing the thoughts and opinions of the poet. The poet was able to show his nationalist poetry effectively by using semiotic codes that give a special beauty to his poetry. Aesthetic codes such as metaphor, simile, irony and exaggeration, time and place, and personality and Qur'anic psychology are among the most important things that the poet uses. Their repetition in Badawi's poetry is not arbitrary, but is due to his intellectual stance towards life and existence. By using them, he creates signs that deepen the reader's feeling towards the codes. It is worth noting that this is a brief and selective review, because it is not possible to review a large number of these samples. One of the most important results of the research is that by using these cases, the poet intends to express concepts such as love for the homeland, pride in the past heritage, pains of the Arab nation, return to the homeland, problems of the land, emotions and spiritual experiences. Through the creation of literary images, he has given dynamism to his poetry and freed them from the shackles of the explicit meanings of words in symbolic meanings. Manuscript profile -
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70 - Application and objectives of body language in the love poems of Badr Shākir al-Siyāb
Abdolahad Gheibi Mahin Hajizadeh Shahla HeidariHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of th MoreHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of this poet through descriptive-analytic approach. The poetic examples are selected from Aẓhār va asāṭīr (Flowers and myths) collection, the majority of its poems are love poems of this Iraqi poet. Since the body language has several subdivisions, the researchers have taken six subdivisions: the language of eyes, the language of hands, the language of face, the language of lips, the language of perfume and hairs. The results of the study show that the language of the poet in these poems is a translation of body languages. The language of the eyes is like charm and beauty; the language of the hands, the most frequent one in the collection, used to convey emotions and completes its expressions by their movements; the language of the lips is mixed with blameful expressions, whereas the language of face is scandalous, because of revealing abundant compact faces in the image of the poet. There is a coherent and close relation between the languages of perfume and hair, so, each one is incomplete if considered separated from the other: the language of perfume reveals hidden madness in strings of hairs, such as the perfumed hairs hanging from the poet's odes height. Manuscript profile -
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71 - A Stylistic Study of the Poem "Ya Set Al-Dunya Ya Beirut" by Nizar Qabbani
Maryam AkbarimousaabadiFor the analysis of a literary text, there are several critical approaches, each of which approaches the text from a particular angle, and it is the text that invites the critic to choose the method of critique; Because each text, although it can be examined in differen MoreFor the analysis of a literary text, there are several critical approaches, each of which approaches the text from a particular angle, and it is the text that invites the critic to choose the method of critique; Because each text, although it can be examined in different ways, but it is more consistent with the method than the others. Stylistics is an intra-textual method that focuses on the structure of the text, the text being both a tool and a goal. Numerous perspectives on stylistics eventually lead to the text, which consists of levels. The three levels of phonetics, composition and semantics are the most important, although other categories can be encountered. Stylistics as a branch of linguistics that considers language as a systematic set of signs and relations, defines the text as a systematic structure consisting of related components. The results of the stylistic study of Nizar's poetry indicate that the poet's choices are implied in three levels of the text and have an aesthetic burden. The stylistic features of the poem as well as the type of the poet's attitude can be seen in the choice of letters and the rhythm of the poem, the types of sentences and semantic domains, as well as in the use of the mythical symbol. Manuscript profile -
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72 - Freedom in the Epic Poems of Mahmoud Darwish and Ahmed Shamlou According to Jean Paul Sartre's viewpoints
Sara Ghiasi Babak Farzaneh Abdolhosien Farzad Sayed Ebrahim DibajiThe concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentiali MoreThe concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentialism, the concept of freedom became one of the most important categories in contemporary life, and the humanistic and existentialist approach provided the ground for intellectual and social revolutions. Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism had crucial role on the existential thoughts and had deep effects on the thoughts of literary writers. Mahmoud Darvish, Palestinian resistance poet, and Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian contemporary modernist poet, are prominent poets whose poems reflect the concept of freedom, the study of their poems reveals their philosophical an existential dimension. The present study with a glance to Sartre's theories, tries to do a comparative study of Darwish and Shamloo's ideas about freedom, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between their poems and express the manifestations of Sartre's thought in the viewpoint of these poets. According to the present study, the concept of freedom in the attitude of Shamloo and Darwish has a philosophical dimension that is not limited to individual freedom and includes the whole society. The concept of freedom in their worldview, is consistent with the categories of precedence existence over the nature, apprehension and responsibility, negation of metaphysical forces, the instability of nature, and the relationship between death and freedom in Sartre's theory. Manuscript profile -
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73 - A Comparative Analysis of the Tradition and Modernity in Arabic Dramas: A Case Study of the play 'Death of Cleopatra'
Majid Saleh BekResearchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and MoreResearchers believe that the first steps of the Arabic drama’s art, especially poem dramas, were taken by the Lebanese writer Marun al-Naqqash, the Lebanese writer. Although this art had weaknesses at the beginning, it can be said that its first steps were by and large acceptable. They also believe that its early stages of formation carried out by Ahmed Shawqi, the Egyptian genius poet, whose knowledge of western literature, especially French literature, strengthened his motivation to benefit from this new literary genre. Fascinated in the French literature and especially dramatic literature, Ahmed Shawqi pursued the way of the great playwrights such as Pierre Corneille, Racine and Moliere in his works. He introduced dramatic stories, as a new literary genre into the Arabic language and turned to historical poems, a way that enhanced the status of historical poem dramas. In the present article "The Death of Cleopatra" is chosen among Shawqi's historical plays. This play was written in 1927 to defend a character that Ahmed Shawqi imagined the history distorted her face. In this play, he defends surprisingly Cleopatra, the queen of the pharaonic era, and portrays her as a patriot who is infatuated with her country, Egypt. In his opinion, Cleopatra was wrongly judged by western historians. They portrayed her as a reveler and capricious woman who does not care about the interests of her country. In his historical dramas, Ahmed Shawqi is not satisfied only with plotting the events of history; rather, his goal in representation historical events and characters is to use them symbolically in order to raise moral, social, political and even psychological issues. He presents an art that is structurally complete and possessed the features of the show. Therefore, it can be said that the historical poem dramas were created and flourished by this revivalist poet under the influence of the greats of this field, such as Racine, Pierre Corneille, Moliere, and Shakespeare. Manuscript profile -
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74 - Criticism and Study of theTwo Colors Red and Green in Poems of Nazik Al-Malaika
Ali Piranishal Zohre Naemi Khadije Hashemi The color is the most striking element in forming sensory images of old and contemporary poets. Poets have used colorful words to objectify poetic images and to discover and explain the relationship between poetic images. Indeed Nazik Al-Malaika use More The color is the most striking element in forming sensory images of old and contemporary poets. Poets have used colorful words to objectify poetic images and to discover and explain the relationship between poetic images. Indeed Nazik Al-Malaika uses different colors to interpret thoughts, emotions and feelings. Due to the importance and beauties of red and green in the poems of Nazik Al-Malaika, this article studies and criticizes these colors and their implications in his poems. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and statistically based. Colors represented her emotions, grieves and joys ;However in some delicate cases, she has taken advantage of non-genuine position of colors and converted one color to another one as an element of beauty and induction of political and social concepts.. The poet’s great attention to colors, different meanings, symbolic implications and their beauties show that she has had an intelligent look at the moments of life and the nature around her. She was impressed by events, social and political changes and the selection of red shows his interior desire toward effort and implies referents like love, liberty and modesty . The selection of green after red is a symbol of hope, life and desire and fulfillment of desires. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Reflection of Elements of Resistance in the Poetry of Adnan Alsaeq
Hamed Sedqi Sayyed Adnan Ashkoori Soqra Falahati Sabri Jalilian Literature of resistance is the sign of conscious conscience against violence of enemies and restoring human rights and also a collective reaction against domination of oppression that may be imposed from inside or outside. As a country in which policies of More Literature of resistance is the sign of conscious conscience against violence of enemies and restoring human rights and also a collective reaction against domination of oppression that may be imposed from inside or outside. As a country in which policies of terror, oppression and war by the "Baath regime" ,attacks of America ,and imposing global sanctions observed during recent few decades, Iraq has been a proper context for rise of resistance literature and warrior and exiled poets. "Adnan Al-Saeq" (born1955), contemporary Iraqi poet, is one of these poets whose poetic concepts are an outcry against the oppression of "Baath regime" and American occupation and abuses of world superpowers and a cry for union with mass movements and defense of the oppressed Palestinian people. Adnan uses different techniques in expressing his purposes including calling religious-historical events, applying masks of some historical figures, fictional odes, conversation elements, satire , burlesques, and symbolism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Analysis and Comparison between the Roman's Portrait in Abu Tamam's and Abu Feras Alhamedani's War Poetry
Abdolghani Iravani Zadeh Zahra Bagheri VarzanehIn Abbasi era, in addition to tribal wars, many wars have been made between Abbasian caliphs against Romans and khoramian ones and also between Hamedanian caliphs against Roman ones. For analyzing Arab wars, this article using descriptive-analyzing method considered the MoreIn Abbasi era, in addition to tribal wars, many wars have been made between Abbasian caliphs against Romans and khoramian ones and also between Hamedanian caliphs against Roman ones. For analyzing Arab wars, this article using descriptive-analyzing method considered the war poems of two famous poets of third and forth centuries who lived in similar conditions and their religion was Islam and their enemy was Rome .One of them, Abutamam Altai, participated in wars through his clear expression and his poems. The other is Abuferas Hamedani who took part in wars giving his alls. But Abutamam described wars between Muslims and the Roman in his eulogistic odes which is why he began most of these odes by lyricism or describing wreckages. He has no choice but to describe wars in the way that the praised and admired. Anyway, he could revive the remembrance of commanders like Abu said Alsaqari who had been forgotten in history. But Abu Feras described wars in his eulogistic bragging odes directly without lyricism and redundancy. So the poems of both poets including reality not imagination are considered important documents for history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Position of Holy Quran in IqbalLahoori's Persian Poems
Abdollah RasoulnejadIqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by c MoreIqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by clean revelation sources and having unbreakable bond with pure religious thoughts, he has left an everlasting literary work whose everlasting secret is not in their glamour of words and musical rhythmbut for being derived from his deepfaith in the meaning depth of words and their roles. Iqbal has founded a targeted poetical-philosophical school which considers poetry as an heir of prophecy whose mission is to reform human society.Presenting human grieves and lofty faithconcepts, Iqbal considers amendment of human being and guiding him to his true position in Allah's view as the main mission of poetry. Iqbal inspired by religious concepts and by decorating his poetry with sublime themes and notable Koranic figures, has acquired the celebrated position of the poet of Islam and Quran. In this research, using the descriptive-analytic method, while pointing to Iqbal's some intellectual-philosophical aspects of character and referring to eternality secret of histhoughts, it has been tried to study position of holy Quran in his Persian poems. Results show that Iqbal has dedicated himself to holy Quran willingly by his heart and intellect in order to be inspired by it in his works especially Persian poems. This research also demonstrates that Iqbal has not referred to Quran just for literary purposes such as using Koranic words and phrases in his poetry, but he tended to it as aninviting believer to derive his thoughts and values, far from Sufi interpretations, directly from it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Role of Place in the Poetic Design of Mozaffar Navvab
mohammad mahdi roshanPoetic location (place) is of the main elements in the poetic design of Mozaffar Navvab, the contemporary Iraqi poet. He spent most of his life in exile away from home in countries such as Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, Greece and France as he was struggling aga MorePoetic location (place) is of the main elements in the poetic design of Mozaffar Navvab, the contemporary Iraqi poet. He spent most of his life in exile away from home in countries such as Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, Greece and France as he was struggling against dictatorship by poems and defending the oppressed. Therefore, his poems are enriched with places and implications of the locations. The research intends to analyze the role of dimensions and places in MozaffarNavvab poems. This descriptive-analytical study concludes that the locations in Mozaffar Navvab poems are not limited to Iraq; rather, they embrace Arabic, western and Iranian areas. He passed beyond geometrical and geographical dimensions of the location in his poems and assigned them new roles and connotations of political, religious, social, mental, historical, national, natural and aesthetics. Once he complains about deportation and homesickness, a psychological role is assigned to the place; and the national role of the place is manifested through expressing passion, love and dream of returning to home. Negative and positive social characteristics, accent, and scientific groups give the social role to the location. Political prisoning, the issue of oil and Arab politicians, as well as Palestine make the political role of location appears. Calling for historical and religious locations and characters leads to the religious and political character for the location. The aesthetics role of the location is manifested through nature; further, the symbolic and mythical role of the location is appeared in places like dessert, mountains, and tomb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Criticism and Analysis of Black and White Colors in the Poems of Badr Shaker Siab
Narges Ansari Tayyebe Seyfi The colors, as the most important elements in the phenomenal fields, have attracted mankind's attention and enchant its spirit since so many years ago. Poets had more attention to the colors and became amorous of them. Because of the contemporary poet's kno More The colors, as the most important elements in the phenomenal fields, have attracted mankind's attention and enchant its spirit since so many years ago. Poets had more attention to the colors and became amorous of them. Because of the contemporary poet's knowledge from color's variety and their influence to the mankind's soul, they had a good relation with the colors and used them in their poems. Since the two colors of black and white are so significant in the poems of Siab, this paper tends to the survey of the importance of these two colors in the poems of this contemporary poet. After extracting instances of using this colors and presenting statistical tables of their usage, the reasons and the importances are described to demonstrate the mental conditions of the poet and finally to notify the effects of the mental conditions to the abundance of using this colors. The most important results from this paper show that these two colors are used to indicate the concepts of goodness and badness, or war and peace. Black color has most abundance in this poet's poetry which shows the big heartache of his mind. On the other hand using white color in his many poems indicates his wish for a pleasant future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Elements of Romanticism in the Poetry of Fadwa Touqan
Reyhaneh Mollazadeh After the third decade of 20th century the social political and intellectual conditions in the Arab world prepared the field for romantic revolution. This school surrounded public favor for a long time. Arab generation was influenced by romanticism and was More After the third decade of 20th century the social political and intellectual conditions in the Arab world prepared the field for romantic revolution. This school surrounded public favor for a long time. Arab generation was influenced by romanticism and was acquainted with the principles of this school by translation of western literature .One of the offspring’s of this generation is contemporary Palestinian poetess Fadwa Touqan who empowered the base of Palestine poem after his brother Ebrahim Touqan .Her first poetry sequence was influenced by this school. From this point of view this article investigates Fadwa Touqan's poem on the base of descriptive analysis approach reveal the main romantic propositions in her first poetical works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The erotic literature Armenian in Iran and Armenia (Study of sayatnova’s poems)*
Giti Faraji ali mohammad PoshtdarThe erotic poem is very important in intellectual culture among Asiatic and European, especially the nation of Turkish and Armenian had progressed in this form of artistic in model of verbally and written literature. Last part of sixteen century the erotic poem had pop MoreThe erotic poem is very important in intellectual culture among Asiatic and European, especially the nation of Turkish and Armenian had progressed in this form of artistic in model of verbally and written literature. Last part of sixteen century the erotic poem had popular in Armenian’s literature and half part of seventeen century and age of eighteen was the peak and prosperity for that. In this article we had study the erotic poem, especially Sayatnova’s poem, who is a greatest and outstanding in Armenian literature and competitive with Nezami’s and shirin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Nostalgia in poems Ghisar Aminpor
mehdi SharifianThis article is a research concerning Nostalgia in the contemporary poetry. The recent topic has been worked on as one of the unconscious behaviours in the poems of four contemporary poets: ghisar aminpor. After searching for etymology and defining this term a cording t MoreThis article is a research concerning Nostalgia in the contemporary poetry. The recent topic has been worked on as one of the unconscious behaviours in the poems of four contemporary poets: ghisar aminpor. After searching for etymology and defining this term a cording to the culture as well as the psychologists, ideas, I concentrated on the relationship between the mentioned topic and literature. In its continuation I dealt with the relationship between Nostalgia and memory and the topic has been evaluated based on this fact. In personal memories of people, I have used Nostalgia as homesickness and in social Nostalgia, the poet Feels sorrow when he refers to the Iranian mytheology. In this concern, I have mentioned some poems from different poets as a reason to prove it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The relation of Persian allegorical poem with religion and lifestyle
Sakineh Azari AliReza Soleymani Masomeh AzariReligion, as one of the main properties of society, makes it possible for the affected individuals to distinguish their attitudes, behaviors and ultimately their lifestyle from others. The lifestyle reflects a variety of patterns of consumption, chivalry and tolerance, MoreReligion, as one of the main properties of society, makes it possible for the affected individuals to distinguish their attitudes, behaviors and ultimately their lifestyle from others. The lifestyle reflects a variety of patterns of consumption, chivalry and tolerance, the way of interaction, and even the hidden cultural transformations in a society. Based on the theories of many sociologists such as Weber, Simmel, Giddens, Bourdieu, etc. today, the only economic factor, as Marx said, can not determine the way of life of individuals. In this article, firstly, by studying religious and ceremonial lyrics with the aim of extracting the patterns of Islamic lifestyle in religious and moral dimensions, based on the poetic review of Persian poets and their attitude towards this phenomenon, religion has been considered as an effective factor on students' life styles and while presenting examples of religious poetry and parables of poets, the effect of religion on students' lifestyles has been studied. The present study uses a library research method to investigate the two-way interaction between lifestyle and Persian poetry. Then, using descriptive-correlational studies, the collected statistical data are analyzed descriptively, which shows that there is a strong and meaningful relationship between these two elements. Also, the lifestyles of students who have been exposed to both modernity and the religious community have been considered. Findings of the research show that the lower the level of religiosity, the more modern the lifestyle, and the more religious people, the more traditional and non-modern they are. Also, among the five main components of the lifestyle studied in this study, body management and attention to fashion and brand phenomena among students are more than other elements of lifestyle influenced by modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Second Pahlavi poets point of view toward religion
Abdolreza Modareszadeh zohreh mohebStudy of the second Pahlavi poets point of view toward religion, religious believes and divine doctrines has been considered as one of the most considerable issues in contemporary poem. Moreover, considering mental structure of artists and also the religion status in th MoreStudy of the second Pahlavi poets point of view toward religion, religious believes and divine doctrines has been considered as one of the most considerable issues in contemporary poem. Moreover, considering mental structure of artists and also the religion status in the second Pahlavi’s period, this issue has received a special attention. Composing religious poem had been current many years ago. For example, Kasaee Marvzi can be regarded as the first poet who composed the religious poem or the first Iranian religious poems composed by Avesta. The trend of composing religious poems has been growing. Although there has an anti-religious atmosphere of Qajar and Pahlavi’s kings in contemporary period, manifestation of religious believes is completely obvious. Two movements can be seen in the second Pahlavi period: First, the religious classical poem which followed the same religious poems belonging to old poets; Second the emergence of religious poem in the form of New Poem. The present article has revealed the way of religious believes reflection in poems of second Pahlavi poets through categorizing evidences of religious doctorines and behaviors such as the Holy Qoran’s manifestation, reflection of traditions (Hadith), narrations (Revayat), virtues (manaqeb), and elegies (marthyeh). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Death and Voluntary Death from Sanai’s, Attars’ and Molana’s points of view
M. khodayari Death and thinking about it, have definitely occupied the minds of poets, writers, mystics, and thinkers throughout the history. In fact, thinking about death has overshadowed the thoughts and the works of many writers and thinkers particularly in the Persian lite More Death and thinking about it, have definitely occupied the minds of poets, writers, mystics, and thinkers throughout the history. In fact, thinking about death has overshadowed the thoughts and the works of many writers and thinkers particularly in the Persian literature. Mystic poets like Sanai, Attar, and Molana have always cherished death in their poems and believe that death is inevitable and cannot be escaped. They, however, believe that true and voluntary death is possible through abstinence and the purification of the soul. Inspired by the Quran’ verses and Ahadith, they presume that we need to voluntarily surrender ourselves before the real death comes.In this short article, the author attempts to describe and analyze the views of mystic poets like Sanai, Attar, and Molana in relation to the concepts of death and voluntary death as well as the ways by which a voluntary death can be realized. Their views of death will be depicted through some examples of their poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Meter common rhythm and obsolete rhythm
mah NazariThe most exquisite and the greatest manifestations of our culture in our turbulent historical periods are the magnificent works in Persian literature reflecting all historical, cultural, social .psychological, aesthetic, and other aspects. To appreciate the value of the MoreThe most exquisite and the greatest manifestations of our culture in our turbulent historical periods are the magnificent works in Persian literature reflecting all historical, cultural, social .psychological, aesthetic, and other aspects. To appreciate the value of these invaluable gems, we must scrutinize over the delicate and witty points and distinguish between the good well as bad aspects because our contemporary literature is the logical continuation of the past literature. In this regard, knowledge of different genres, history of literature, prosody, stylistics, mysticism, history of language, grammar, rhyme and rhythm, Radif ,etc each provides a way for better understanding of literary works. Rhythmical language is an appealing subject for people, and some verses and musical statements remained from the time before Islam is an evidence of this. The evaluation of image laden language initiated from the time that a science or a craft entitled rhyme and rhythm was introduced. This article attempts to find a method for understanding the prevalent as well as obsolete meters ,and it provides statistical samples form various poetic in the works of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century famous poets. Manuscript profile -
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87 - Parables of Protest in the Poetry of Forough Farokhzad and Ghada al-Samman
Z. SoleymaniThe structure of traditional society in Iran and Arab states, their values, and cultures have helped shape the social situation of women. The women are forced in these societies to lead isolated lives, far from the social life. Forough Farokhzad from Iran and Ghada al-S MoreThe structure of traditional society in Iran and Arab states, their values, and cultures have helped shape the social situation of women. The women are forced in these societies to lead isolated lives, far from the social life. Forough Farokhzad from Iran and Ghada al-Samman from Syria are two poets who antagonized the patrimonalist traditions and raised their voice against discrimination and oppressions of women in the male dominated Persian and Arab societies. A compresion between Forough and Ghada, as two protest poets who have aimed their critical views against the false beliefs in their societies, is emerged here. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The examination of varieties of repetition on Golchin Maani poems
Mahmoud SadeghzadehAhmad Golchi Maani, the contemporary poet & investigator (1295-1379) is one of the poems which has a special attention to repetition arrays mostly lead to increasing and elegance of his words tune. Repetition is the utilization of a word / words in a sentence or a MoreAhmad Golchi Maani, the contemporary poet & investigator (1295-1379) is one of the poems which has a special attention to repetition arrays mostly lead to increasing and elegance of his words tune. Repetition is the utilization of a word / words in a sentence or a distich more than once and it is also one of the characteristics of literary styles, it is more applied to literal rhetoric in order to accentuate, hamage and chastise. Although repetition is not pleasing on on ordinary speech, however it's used to litreture styles as an example on Golchin poems in order to speech arrays or according to the poem necessitiees. In this research aproaches and characteristics of Golchin's poems will be proceeded by analysing his complete poetical works. It is applied variety of repetitions as: phonemes, syllable, word, phrase, sentence and remarks on a ingeniously styles in Golchin's poems. He applied different kinds of repetition in order to make a word tune more than other factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The effects of Arabic proverb on edifying persion poems
Zahra SoleymaniThe value trace of Persian writers and poets constantly influenced by religion, language, their holy book and the Koran in throughout history. Iranian literary poetry and prose in the Arabic language and culture are much benefited in the form of industries such as prove MoreThe value trace of Persian writers and poets constantly influenced by religion, language, their holy book and the Koran in throughout history. Iranian literary poetry and prose in the Arabic language and culture are much benefited in the form of industries such as proverbs and allegorical is adapted. This example indicate in the great works of Saadi and Rumi . In this paper has tried to find a sample of these effects . Manuscript profile -
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90 - Review and critique of epic and mythological parables in Mohammad Beyabani 's poetry
Sayyede Fatemeh Mahdavi Mortazavi Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Abdollah RezaeiMohammad Beyabani, a modern contemporary poet, has a special look at allegory, and in his poems he has tried to add to the effect and beauty of his words using his expressive elements, especially the parable. Hence, in this descriptive-analytic study, the epic and mytho MoreMohammad Beyabani, a modern contemporary poet, has a special look at allegory, and in his poems he has tried to add to the effect and beauty of his words using his expressive elements, especially the parable. Hence, in this descriptive-analytic study, the epic and mythological parables used in Beyabani poetry and the purposes and methods of their use in these poems are explored and described. The purpose of this research is to find out how the poet used these epic and mythological parables, with what goals in his poems, and how these gestures and mental proportions have influenced the development of the poet's meanings and concepts. To this end, we have classified these mythical concepts and narrative gestures in three sections of the Iranian epic and mythological parables, Islamic references and Islamic symbols, among which the Iranian epics and myths have been very impressive in poetry poems. These epic and mythological parables have been used for various purposes in Beyabani,poetry; the poet has used them to foster their meanings and concepts and often to express their social and political issues. The use of these epic and mythological parables also distinguished his poetic language and expression, and increased the power of influence and induction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - In the name of Allah the Merciful the Compassionate in the lyrical long poems of the Persian literature*
ahmad reza YalamehaLyrical long poems are among the most important literary forms that usually attract a great deal of readers. Although, the main theme of these works includes love and romantic subjects, because of, structure, and meaning of Persian poetry such as eulogy, advice, moral a MoreLyrical long poems are among the most important literary forms that usually attract a great deal of readers. Although, the main theme of these works includes love and romantic subjects, because of, structure, and meaning of Persian poetry such as eulogy, advice, moral and religious subjects, chanting etc….all have been collected in this literary form. One of the high frequency content In many of these long lyrical poems is the theme of In the name of Allah the Merciful and the Compassionate. This theme has been suggested, especially at the beginning of long lyrical poems. This paper attempts to study the use of this noble Quranic phrase in the works of the famous speakers and poets of the Persian language from point of view of consecration, the blessings, the help and the like, therefore, different long poems that begin with these words have been introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Studying “Night” key word in Sohrab Sepehri’s poems
Mohammad Kazem Haghshenas Umar Safar We, in this research, look for considering the position, importance and the method of applying “Night” word from the viewpoint of Sohrab Sepehri, the isolationist poet and reclusive painter. After studying and considering the life and history and the More We, in this research, look for considering the position, importance and the method of applying “Night” word from the viewpoint of Sohrab Sepehri, the isolationist poet and reclusive painter. After studying and considering the life and history and the works of this painter poet, the writer concluded that different factors such as mental and spiritual factors in childhood days and political-social factors in young days and in university days, which coincide with Rezakhan despotism and palpitation years and 28th in Mordad in 1332, had a good role in forming his personality and thought and his interpretation especially in explaining “Night” key word. There are the fear of a bugbear in childhood days and fear of the night darkness, which itself is a wandering bugbear for him, or the dark and black space of oppression and palpitation in his era, which Sepehri shows in “Night” interpretation and in symbolic and mysterious language, in his poems. The result of his travelling to and touring in the East and West of the world, after this era, and his familiarity with the cultures, religions and west knowledge and modern and western art and poem is, for him, in order to arrive in a kind of personal knowledge and isolationism and reclusiveness which he takes refuge in himself. After that, “Night” will be great and valuable for him, so that he looks for the water of life in the dark night and, like Hafiz, becomes a Ghadr night in which looks for his own “intellectual draft”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The mystical origins in Masnavi by Molavi using allegoric
morad mansouri Manijeh Fallahi Malek Muhammad FarokhzadThere are a lot of works of art in Islamic mysticism which try to know and introduce the world with different methods. Among them, the mystical works of art often illustrate the internal world of the author using the models surrounding him with methods and instruments l MoreThere are a lot of works of art in Islamic mysticism which try to know and introduce the world with different methods. Among them, the mystical works of art often illustrate the internal world of the author using the models surrounding him with methods and instruments like irony. Symbols and surreal and metaphorical concepts. Molana has a used all these instruments to develop its own subjects which we can refer to his frequently used technreques in mystical literature among them are the concepts like “perfect men” “the knowledge of God” “the recognition of universe” and “knowing the relationship between the lover and beloved”. “Molavi” could present a special anthology and mystical anthropology and the whole a complete excellent knowledge in his textual and poetic works to the human being, using the deep religious teachings and previous mysticists experiences together with his own mystical experiences with emphasis on allegorical instances of the Persian literature. The man purpose of this paper is to study the mystical origins in Masnavi by Molavi with emphasis an allegorical instruments within the framework mentioned before. This study has been done using the descriptive and analytical method and the data has been gathered using the library method and in reference to the previous papers finding. Manuscript profile -
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94 - Educational poem and lyrics poem in contemporary poetr of Tajikestan
Gh.Abbas NafisiTakikestan is a part of great Khorasan. Khorasan was birth place of grate men of science and literature of Iran, such as Rodaki, Naser Khosro and Roomi, and now separate from the principal, despite of all the hardship they endure the contemporary centuries, people still MoreTakikestan is a part of great Khorasan. Khorasan was birth place of grate men of science and literature of Iran, such as Rodaki, Naser Khosro and Roomi, and now separate from the principal, despite of all the hardship they endure the contemporary centuries, people still organize poem, teaching classic poem style and also lyrics, this article has attempted to examine the contemporary poetry of Takikestan and overview of development of contemporary poem and poetry of this land considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Allegory and Cnomic verse in Jahan Malek Khatoon’s Divan
Raviye Kord Afshari Ahmad KhatemiAllegory entails comparing one object with another one. In allegory, the poets increase their clarity through providing more extensive examples; contrarily, in Cnomic verse, the speaker merely presents a famous quote. Proverbs are the major spice of the Cnomic verse. Ho MoreAllegory entails comparing one object with another one. In allegory, the poets increase their clarity through providing more extensive examples; contrarily, in Cnomic verse, the speaker merely presents a famous quote. Proverbs are the major spice of the Cnomic verse. However, in allegory, it is not the case. With regard to three types of allegory including simile, allegory, and allegorical metaphor and allegorical story, Jahan Malek Khatoon’s (8th century) allegories were Cnomic verse and close to the allegorical metaphors. Indeed, her Cnomic verse have continued the traditional Cnomic verse in the classic school of Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Allegory function in poems of khorasani style
vida shirkavand Ahmad KhatemiIn Persian rhetoric, allegory phrase includes a large semantic field that in folds compound likelihood, proverb, equations of equation, adage, storytelling's and code tales. Allegory roots in rationality and thought, there fore its relationship with wisdom texts is a di MoreIn Persian rhetoric, allegory phrase includes a large semantic field that in folds compound likelihood, proverb, equations of equation, adage, storytelling's and code tales. Allegory roots in rationality and thought, there fore its relationship with wisdom texts is a direct relationship. In Persian literature history, poets of khorasani style benefited from allegorical themes related to the instructional degree of their poems in order to express their intentions. In this work, the inclination rate of each poets of this period is documented by using allegory and reading thirty percent of verses of each poem and collecting the finding and evidences with the help of stylistics standards, frequency and drawing a chart. The first poets of this period have largely used allegorical alphabets and "ersalolmasal" and through time other types of allegory emerges in poems of late poets of this period. They used informed me thod for metaphor and indirect expression of their thoughts Manuscript profile -
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97 - Gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi
Omidvar MalmoliThis article aims to study a gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi. Masnavi-e- Molavi is an instructional poetry book and the Molavian believe that all human spirits exist in the eternal world and each of them descends to MoreThis article aims to study a gist of teachings related to resurrection and metemsychosis in Masnavi-e- Molavi. Masnavi-e- Molavi is an instructional poetry book and the Molavian believe that all human spirits exist in the eternal world and each of them descends to this inferior world whenever they wish , and possess their own bodies in order to take excellency and perfection then elevate again to the eternal world. Through this research I found an opportunity to review Masnavi and examine a fact that all philosophers and gnostics agreed on. Manuscript profile -
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98 - Investigation of gravamens in the Contemporaneous rhymed Iiterature (1300-1350)
Leila KhayatanOne of the subjects and contents the fire line Persian poem until present to own allocation containing protion to sing every poet, is complaint. Complaints to say poems that poet to sing opposite no mildness and limitions inter and to say suffering and grief and own fai MoreOne of the subjects and contents the fire line Persian poem until present to own allocation containing protion to sing every poet, is complaint. Complaints to say poems that poet to sing opposite no mildness and limitions inter and to say suffering and grief and own failure. To appeared mission this content to be only to pay opinions and transport feelings private poet, whereas search in text complaints have very private notices, social and political. To this avrange general studing complaint in two different texture cotemporary poem (1300-1350) for method actually is in space this type poems, although cause beffer perception and deeper thoese effects , but cont allow of this subject of main subjects perception poem. In this mean, notices in means, variation and classification in the end know remoteness and different variation complaints in effects first contemporary poet don’t far from of the point view writer. Manuscript profile -
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99 - Though of death and decline in forugh poem
Maryam MahmoudiDeath is an undeniable truth which has obsessed man thronghout history. Poers have treated the idea of death in myriad delicate, imaginative ways. In Forugh farrokhzad’s poetry death and decline figure as central recurring motifs This cast of mind is related to dI MoreDeath is an undeniable truth which has obsessed man thronghout history. Poers have treated the idea of death in myriad delicate, imaginative ways. In Forugh farrokhzad’s poetry death and decline figure as central recurring motifs This cast of mind is related to dIfferent stages in the life and thought of this poet. For instance befor and after “ tavalodi digger” (Another birth) her view of death as something personel shifts to a social one her fear of death turns into acceptance and also paradoxically, resi sting it and struggling to remembered after death. Generally , as the poetry of a poet is a manifestation of has/ her life and character the idea of death in Farrokhzad’s poerry cannot be sepatared from these, hence its dynamicity. Manuscript profile -
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100 - Studying “Night” keyword in Nima’s poems
Mohammad Kazem HaghshenasIn this research, we look for considering the position, significance, method of applying, and symbols of “Night” word from the viewpoint of Nima, father of Persian modern poetry. After studying and considering the history and works of this contemporary great MoreIn this research, we look for considering the position, significance, method of applying, and symbols of “Night” word from the viewpoint of Nima, father of Persian modern poetry. After studying and considering the history and works of this contemporary great poet, the author found many small things and thin moments. Nima, in implementing changes in Persian modern poetry and submit the method and a new way in meaning and face was successful. He looked to phenomenon and elements of around like jungle, mountain, night, sea, tree and …, penetrated into them and so he was one of them. He looked different to natural events even to the night and day. With looking at the statistics from this study in Nima’s poems, attest to this claim that the position of Nima in attention to the “Night” and its symbols is most upper among all the contemporary poets. And expresses this meaning that the “Night” in all poetry of Nima’s life continuously is present, but Whatever gets closer to the final years of his life and gains more experience, kind of the “Night” and its dark’s color and concept is different from the past. Manuscript profile -
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101 - From grief and sigh of classic poets to nostalgia of romantic poets
barat mohammadi Somayeh abbaszadehNostalgia in terminology has regret and sorrowful sense for brilliant past and mislaid things that don’t exist now. Social and political and economic conditions are effective completely in evident of grief and sad for past conditions and circumstances. Accepts of MoreNostalgia in terminology has regret and sorrowful sense for brilliant past and mislaid things that don’t exist now. Social and political and economic conditions are effective completely in evident of grief and sad for past conditions and circumstances. Accepts of this sentiment is seen in Persian contemporary poem clearly. Contemporary poets have explained variously the sentiments and feelings in this connection. In this paper we try to research the nostalgia terminology and definition of this word in psychologist's view. We are struggle in this writing to precede the effective factors in establishment of nostalgia and various reflections in four Persian contemporary poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Beloved Homeland in the Arms of Constitutionalism Poetry
Naser Al-din Shah Hosseini, Masoud SarhadiPatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusi MorePatriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusions by neighboring countries and profit-seeking interventions of Europeans which resulted in humiliation of Iranians, as well as the weakness of the authorities in managing national affairs and maintaining Iran’s territorial integrity wounded the pride of all Iranian patriots. As a result, poets, as their social mission, aimed to incite passion and understanding of the people regarding patriotism, and at the same time, cut short the hands of courtiers and foreigners. However, their patriotism was generally emotional and lacked an intellectual and philosophical depth. So, their attitude toward their country was the a combination of various patriotic beliefs including nationalism, internationalism, chauvinism, and even in the sense of birthplace. Considering the mixture of poets’ patriotic attitudes and also their mental and linguistic background, this paper attempts to study the intensions and levels of patriotism in the poems of prominent and influents poets of Constitutionalism period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Comparison of Expressed Emotions in the Poems of Iranian Famous Poets
مریم همتی قراملکی حسین آزادThis research is about the expressed emotions in the complete works of lyrical poems from Attar, Molavy, Sady, Hafez and Sahriar. Sample was chosen by random and analyzed by a valiable and reliable ( = ) chek list. Research findings indicated to percent of complet works MoreThis research is about the expressed emotions in the complete works of lyrical poems from Attar, Molavy, Sady, Hafez and Sahriar. Sample was chosen by random and analyzed by a valiable and reliable ( = ) chek list. Research findings indicated to percent of complet works to express clear emotion. Types of emotions including Love emotion, sadness and then happiness had high frequency. These positive and negative emotions had high intensity. Expressed emotions in the poems are different in each poem book and they match with the features of each poet s personality and they show certain personality-emotional type of the poets expressing emotions of high intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Bakhtinian Ontology as Evidenced by Some Poetical Specimensin Farsi Language
Behrooz Azabdaftari -
Open Access Article
105 - From Attars Kalandar to Hafizs Rogue
Ali Dehghan Javad Seddighi LighvanOne of the main manifestations of the mystical poetry is usage of the bohemian (Kalandar) and profligacy contents. This kind of the poetry was begun officially with Sanaei. Usage of the profligacy and bohemian contents has outstanding place in the Persian poetry so that MoreOne of the main manifestations of the mystical poetry is usage of the bohemian (Kalandar) and profligacy contents. This kind of the poetry was begun officially with Sanaei. Usage of the profligacy and bohemian contents has outstanding place in the Persian poetry so that after Sanaei, the poets such as Attar, Molavi, Saadi and Hafez employed these contents in their poems. By survey on the bohemian poems of Attar and sonnets on profligacy by Hafez, as outstanding examples of profligacy and bohemian poems, the similarities and differences in the identity of bohemians and profligates can be investigated in their poems. Bohemian has positive and negative aspects in the poems of Attar. His bohemian sometimes is placed in the higher rank and sometimes he is in the lower rank. This characteristic is true about the profligate of Hafez so that accompaniment by profligate is a great honor, but sometimes it denotes disgrace. Research on this subject matter and decision on the lexical roots and comparison of the concepts of bohemian and profligate in the poems of Attar and Hafez explain the main indictors of bohemian and profligacy as fundamental thoughts in the Persian Literature and mystical texts. This article tries to investigate bohemian and profligacy in the poems of Attar and Hafez. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Manifestation of Gnosticism in Bousiri Borde
Rouhollah SayyadiNezhad Shahram AmiriUndoubtedly there is a relationship between poem and religion from long ago so that praise of Islam prophet as a manifestation of God is a support for those poets who are Sufi, o clear virtues and perfections of prophet for all the people and also mention some popular t MoreUndoubtedly there is a relationship between poem and religion from long ago so that praise of Islam prophet as a manifestation of God is a support for those poets who are Sufi, o clear virtues and perfections of prophet for all the people and also mention some popular traditions of Sufi. It's clear unsaid that Borde elegy is one of the masterpieces of Arab literature and Sharafod-in- Mohammad Bousiri change it to poem for the aim of resorting to prophet Mohammad in the pride and boasting period of Gnosticism Osmani-Mamlooki era. Findings in this research show that Bousiri is not really a gnostic poet and especially of gnostic poets such as mystically idioms is not so much in his works but it can be said that in effect of his period existing of Sufism in Bousiri Borde is not so surprising. The poet speaks about the important points of mystically such as Mohammadie reality, intercession and praising by using beautiful language of poem and amorous statement, using simple language and also using less mystically idioms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Pantheistic Thought in Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi's Poem
Seyyed Mehdi Masboogh Mehri Ghaderi BeebakPantheism is one of the key concepts in Islamic Sufism and always some parts of mystics' ideas have allocated to it. Pantheist is the belief that God is the only realistic being and all the creatures and the entire universe represent the existence of God. This mystical MorePantheism is one of the key concepts in Islamic Sufism and always some parts of mystics' ideas have allocated to it. Pantheist is the belief that God is the only realistic being and all the creatures and the entire universe represent the existence of God. This mystical approach was reflected in Arabic literature extensively and mystic poets have expressed it in various ways in their poetry. Abd al-Ghani al-Nablusi, the writer and poet of Ottoman era, is one of these poets who has rendered to pantheistic thought specifically inasmuch as it is the main content of his poems in the court so called "Divan al-haghaegh va majmou al- raghaegh". In this article, by using content-analysis method, different aspects of pantheism are evaluated in Abd al-Ghani al-Nablusi's poetry. The results demonstrate that pantheism in Nablusi's poem has three leyers; manifestation of the essence of God in existence, unity of the human soul with the spirit of God and in other words fana fy Allah, and third layer consists of ratiocinations and exemplifications that he has spoken out in favor of this idea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - From God-seeking to Godly Behaving in Shams Maghrebi's Poems
Mohammad Reza Assad Mehdireza i Kamali Baniyan Rezvan DerakhshidehPantheism is of a long history as a perspective with mystical origin whose trace can be followed in ancient India and in the philosophers' thought before Socretes in Greece and Rome. Although in Islamic mysticism, Ibn Arabi is not the first mystic believing in this prin MorePantheism is of a long history as a perspective with mystical origin whose trace can be followed in ancient India and in the philosophers' thought before Socretes in Greece and Rome. Although in Islamic mysticism, Ibn Arabi is not the first mystic believing in this principle, he is the first one who developed and fixed it by introducing this principle in theoretical and mental discussions. Among the poets tending to the theory are Iraqi, Molavi, Attar, etc. Shams Maghrebi is also among the poets paying much attention to the material and Ibn Arabi views. With regard to the fact that the so-called theory is inherently paradoxical and its perception creates a sort of astonishment in the perceiving person's thought and ego, expressing the Maghrebian mystical matters appears vague in the reader's eye. In this article we examined pantheism in Shams Maghrebi's poems and explained its indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Reflection of Worshiping and Praising the Deity in Masnavies of Attar Nishabouri
Bahram Khooshnodi Ahmadreza NazariCharvadeh Bijan Zahirinav Masoomeh NazariCharvadehNormal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-pare MoreNormal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} > Prayer and praise of God, is one of the most spiritual moment of every believer. In all religions, according to the believer's perception of the religion, some methods are prepared for mystery and need of God. The poets, whom have gentle and sensitive spirit, have fine and pleasant chant in their works, which are the most delicate of their works. praises in the Attar's Masnavies; Elahi-Nameh, Asrar-Nameh, Mantegh-o-Teyr and Mosibat-Nameh. Attar's chant, were scattered among the Masnavies, which are expressed through Masnavi's characters or even himself. Audacity, temerity and intimacy of his mystical chant, gave Attar's works a special depth. The pure spirit of Attar, which is existed in every layer of hearty and sincerely dialog with his God, blow a heavenly and pure spirit to his chant.Attar believed that the God's call for prayer and invocation is a great honor for human being; and even, God himself, gave the enthusiasm of prayer to his worshipers and help them. The theme of Attar's invocations is the praise of God, his love to God and expressing requests. The most important of his prayer is healthy oneself and happiness hereafter. By study of the Attar's invocations, it is realized that Attar is a believer who in the spiritual journey, does not exit from Shariat road, and in the Mysticism, he choose moderation. Manuscript profile -
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110 - Reflection of Resurrection in Attar’s Mystical Poems
enayatallah sharifpour Ahmad Amiri Khorasani Esmaeel HassanzadehThe Resurrection and the life after death have always been mysterious and unknown, so this leads to more fear from death. thus, to clarify the nature of the Resurrection as one of the most important roots in the Persian poetry, it is essential to survey the thoughts of MoreThe Resurrection and the life after death have always been mysterious and unknown, so this leads to more fear from death. thus, to clarify the nature of the Resurrection as one of the most important roots in the Persian poetry, it is essential to survey the thoughts of the mystics and the religious books. Attar Neyshaburi, the Iranian impactful poet, had a profound thought on the Resurrection, widely expressed in his poems. In this article, presenting the preliminaries of mysticism as a way to discover the truths, the researcher referring to the concept of the Resurrection in the Persian and Arabic dictionaries surveys its reflection in the poems of Attar as one of the outstanding Mystic figures and reviews the factors of prosperity or failure in the Resurrection through his views, and indicates that the Holy Quran has been the source of Attar's religious thoughts. Manuscript profile -
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111 - Semantic Continuity of Hafiz’s Lyrics Based on Psychoanalytic Analysis with an Approach to Islamic Mysticism
Zohreh Khalili Asghar Daadbeh Ahmad Khiali KhatibiIf we look at the characters of Hafiz's divan from the field of psychology, the presence of archetypes, especially "anima" can be seen in them. At the beginning of the lyricss shown by Anima, the beloved is usually earthly and the lyrics is romantic, and as we approach MoreIf we look at the characters of Hafiz's divan from the field of psychology, the presence of archetypes, especially "anima" can be seen in them. At the beginning of the lyricss shown by Anima, the beloved is usually earthly and the lyrics is romantic, and as we approach the final verses, a spiritual and spiritual sense prevails over the verses, and the beloved finds heavenly effects. In 26th lyrics (He is agitated and smiling and has a drunken smile....) It also has such a characteristic while the cause of these fluctuations and changes in the transformation of the archetype of anima to the archetype of the wise old man as well as the self-scrutiny and individuality of the poet and the whole lyrics narrates the process of this transition. The use of analytical psychology interpretation in the lyrics in question opens a window to the commentator's point of view and equips him to look deeper than traditional interpretations into the poet's poems and the fundamental and strong connection in the vertical axis of speech that in Understand the dust of conscious prejudices of the covered mind, while this inner attitude is also a suitable vehicle for mystical interpretations of Hafiz's Lyrics in question. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Secret Heavenly Prayers in Alexander Pushkin's Poems
Marzieh Yahyapour Janolah Karimi Motahhar Maltseva Tatiana Vladimirovna Masoumeh MirzaieThe article first makes a brief reference to the origin of prayer that is influenced by individual and social beliefs, and then goes into the literary works and how they are expressed by Persian and Russian writers and poets. Prayer literary works are often influenced b MoreThe article first makes a brief reference to the origin of prayer that is influenced by individual and social beliefs, and then goes into the literary works and how they are expressed by Persian and Russian writers and poets. Prayer literary works are often influenced by the beliefs of writers and poets. There is a lot of information about prayer in ancient and contemporary literary texts. Prayer has many forms, and in prose and poetry literature, it often carries the message of theology and human connection with the divine realm, and in fact the writer and poet are left with a God. Many writers and poets from Iran and Russia have addressed this issue in their works, such as Rumi, Saadi, Hafez, Farabi, Attar, Pushkin, Lermontov, Bonin, and others. Some are based on the themes of the religious texts or under the influence of the wonders of the universe. Persian worship literature begins with the praise of God, such as Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Sa'adi’s Golestan and Bustan and Attar's Poetry Divan. Various centuries of Russian literature have also seen works of worship in various forms. The present study deals with the case of the prayer in Alexander Pushkin's poetry, which is influenced by his religious beliefs. Prayer in Pushkin's poetry is in the form of literal praise or praise to God and seeking blessings. His prayers for God, his neighbor, are the duty of poet and poetry. The spiritual peak of Pushkin's poetry is the emergence of the "Divine Verb". He leaves the material world with art and with the help of religious anthropology and then moves on to the supernatural world. Manuscript profile -
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113 - Functions of Mythological, Religious and National Characters and Elements in Saib Tabrizi’s Sonnets
Shahrbanoo Babaii Abdolah toloeiazar Fatemeh modarresiMaking new themes is one of the most important arts in the Safavid epoch, especially in Saib Tabrizi’s poems. Using Mythological, Religious and National characters and elements reflects Mystic interpretations. This article by the descriptive-analytical method trie MoreMaking new themes is one of the most important arts in the Safavid epoch, especially in Saib Tabrizi’s poems. Using Mythological, Religious and National characters and elements reflects Mystic interpretations. This article by the descriptive-analytical method tries to explore these characters and elements in Saib Tabrizi’s poems. We first, placed them in three groups of mythological, religious and national by a categorization. Then we explored them by reference to mystic concepts such as Desire, Love, Satiety, Monotheism, and Death for beloved. The result shows that Saib Tabrizi has had mystic interpretations from these mythological, religious and national characters and elements and had paid more attention to the religious characters and elements which are taken from The Holy Quran undoubtedly. Manuscript profile -
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114 - Love in Imam Khomeini’s Mystical Poems
Aghdas Jahangiri, Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Farajollah Barati Maryam BakhtyarImam Khomeini believes that the concept of love is covered by the necessity of covering the divine essence. On the one hand, he believes that the universe is all the shadow of the beloved, even the love of the mountain and nature belongs to the beloved, and on the other MoreImam Khomeini believes that the concept of love is covered by the necessity of covering the divine essence. On the one hand, he believes that the universe is all the shadow of the beloved, even the love of the mountain and nature belongs to the beloved, and on the other hand, he has described the absolute beloved in secret, to the extent that even the use of the words of the unseen is inward. He also knows about the divine nature from necessity and urgency. The language of lyricism and joyful information and romantic themes and reckless expressions do not leave room for mysticism to study and discuss, and if there is a trace and fruit of mysticism, it is its lip and essence, which knocks on the door of love like a ring and says need. Innovation in this research is mystical love in Imam Khomeini's poems, which has not been done in any research so far Manuscript profile -
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115 - Deciphering Archetypes, Mythological Elements and Mystical Characters in Mehdi Akhavan Sales’ Poetry
Rahman Fallahi Moghaddam Yousef Nikrooz Mahmoud HeydariMyth and mysticism at first glance seem to be two separate and different categories in the field of humanities; While examining the two from the perspective that opens up to the reader in this article, the two are not only inseparable; Rather, it can be said that mystic MoreMyth and mysticism at first glance seem to be two separate and different categories in the field of humanities; While examining the two from the perspective that opens up to the reader in this article, the two are not only inseparable; Rather, it can be said that mysticism is a continuation and completion of myth. In this research, the author tries to study the mythical elements and characters, and the symbols that have a mystical character and appearance in the poetry of the Brotherhood in a descriptive-analytical and library method. In addition to the characters and symbols of national myths, the characters of religious and mystical myths that the Brotherhood brought to express their concepts should also be examined. The result of the research is that the Brotherhood in its poems, in order to better express its poetic themes and concepts, has used elements of myth and epic, these mythical elements on the one hand with Iranian mythology and on the other with Iranian mysticism - Islam is intertwined. Manuscript profile -
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116 - Stylistic Characteristics of Shams-e-Maghrebi's Divan (Eighth Century Poet)
Amir Ismail AzarShams-e-Maghrebi, the eighth and the early ninth century poet, is a real Sufi with a tendency towards Islamic Mysticism. He is inspired by Ibn Arabi and some other schools such as Pantheism, Buddhism and Christianity which make up his style. In ode (Qazals) he appears a MoreShams-e-Maghrebi, the eighth and the early ninth century poet, is a real Sufi with a tendency towards Islamic Mysticism. He is inspired by Ibn Arabi and some other schools such as Pantheism, Buddhism and Christianity which make up his style. In ode (Qazals) he appears as a mystical character. In terms of structure and meaning his odes are of an absolute form and of a logical unity. The words and idioms which are utilized in the poems are sometimes difficult to understand. The use of Arabic words is considered to be of a high number. The Meditation of the poet seems to be something between Sanaee and Attar. Throughout his Divan, he has denoted many Sufi idioms as: mirror, morality, appearance, union with God and so on. The idioms show his willing towards Sufi approach, although he is an Aref as well. Manuscript profile -
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117 - Aesthetics of the Use of Mystical Elements in Sacred Defense Poetry by relying on the Poems of Kaisar Aminpour, Salman Herati and Zakaria Akhlaqi
Jafar Mohamadi ARASH MOSHFEGHI Aziz HojajikahnoojThe victory of the revolution and the eight-year sacred defense epic brought a profound change in the country's institutions. Literature gained the most influence because of its connection with social and political developments. The most significant manifestation of thi MoreThe victory of the revolution and the eight-year sacred defense epic brought a profound change in the country's institutions. Literature gained the most influence because of its connection with social and political developments. The most significant manifestation of this change is found in the poem of sacred defense. The sacred defense poets did their best to depict events and events on the battlefields. The most important reasons that led the poem of sacred defense to relate to the origins of national and spiritual identity and the context for martyrdom, libertarianism, disregard for worldly values, as well as forfeiting property and lives to preserve religious and spiritual values To recreate these attitudes is in line with the values of the Islamic Revolution. This feature is such that in the poetry of the sacred defense poets many of the mystical experiences used in the poetry of the mystic poets are recreated. This feature is evident in the poetry of poets such as Kaisar Aminpour, Salman Herati, and Zakaria Akhlaqi. The present study is a descriptive-analytic one which attempts to discover and study the mystical aspects of poets' interest in the poetry of Holy Defense. The findings of the study show that sacred defense poetry has been introduced in various fields such as mystical themes and it has also been found that the sacred defense poetry of common elements and themes in Persian mystical poetry and other links between mystical themes and religious themes in He has used his poems, which feature the Islamic Revolution and the epic eight-year sacred defense. Manuscript profile -
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118 - Exploring the Stages of Gaining Anti-habit in Ibn al-Farez’s Mystical Poems
Shahla Noruzy Raad Naser Hoseini Ardeshir SadreddiniIn mystical literature, generally stepping into the mystic path is achieved by quitting the everyday habits. The most important principle on which the world view of mistics is based is anti-habituation, abandoning innate habits and an archaic view of the cosmos and its MoreIn mystical literature, generally stepping into the mystic path is achieved by quitting the everyday habits. The most important principle on which the world view of mistics is based is anti-habituation, abandoning innate habits and an archaic view of the cosmos and its creator, this distinctive feature has given mystics a unique mystical attitude and it has also created a huge volume of outstanding poems and mystic attitudes. The purpose of this research is to explore, using descriptive-analytical method, the stages of gaining anti-habit from Ibn al-Farez’s view in his mystical poems. The findings of this research indicate that in Ibn al-Farez’s view anti-habituation is achieved through meditation and that meditation is one of the essential Soluk (spiritual journey) practices in many mystical schools. Ibn al-Farez is trying to unveil concepts and phenomena, in a manner that through understanding attributes of divine beauty, opens up the audience’s eyes to veiled realities and awaken them from the sleep of negligence and imitation. Manuscript profile -
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119 - Examining Rhetoric Question in Mystical Poems of Kalim- e- Kashani
Gholamreza Hatefi Ardakani Seyed Hossein Shahab Razavi Azizollah TavakolliMost mystic poets use the form and template of rhetorical questions to present mystical lessons. Kalim Kashani renowned for Khallagh Al-Ma'ani The 2nd. (990-1061) AH. One of the most famous lyric poets of the Indian style, using this linguistic and artistic style or imp MoreMost mystic poets use the form and template of rhetorical questions to present mystical lessons. Kalim Kashani renowned for Khallagh Al-Ma'ani The 2nd. (990-1061) AH. One of the most famous lyric poets of the Indian style, using this linguistic and artistic style or important rhetorical construct, mystical thoughts such as the world, soul, charm, heart, independencemortality, attraction, sun, Hassan, effort, glass cup, owl, Poverty, cum, love, tayyar, murad ... In the form of rhetorical questions with different secondary concepts. The use of the kind of negation in the poems of Kalim-e- Kashani has the highest share and use (41.18%) for expressing mystical content. One of the main principles of practical mysticism is that it is necessary for the mystic first to prove the truth, to negate the attachments. Surprisingly, the product is the negation of belongings. Kalim-e- Kashani in his poems after understanding God's majesty by understanding his disability, has been raising rhetoric question to blame and criticize social hardship. This paper, using the content analysis method, aimed to acquaint the audience with the lessons of practical mysticism of Kalim-e- Kashani, have examined the mystical content of rhetoric question in poems of Kalim-e- Kashani. The use of illustrations and literary tools of allegory, association, Hosne Ta’lil and Jenaas has made the poet's rhetoric question tight. The rhetorical questions with the secondary meanings of denial, wonder, injustice and rebuke have formed the four main aspects of the themes of poems of Kalim-e- Kashani. Manuscript profile -
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120 - Study and Analysis of the words Talab and Tarab in Rumi's lyric poems
Hamidreza Ghaffarian-e Mabhut mohammadali Khaledyan Hasan Ali Abbaspoure EsfadanWe know that each class and group use its own language to express the characteristics of its profession and method. Mystics and Sufis are no exception. For this reason, from the beginning of the second half of the second century, through Islamic Sufism and its aftermath MoreWe know that each class and group use its own language to express the characteristics of its profession and method. Mystics and Sufis are no exception. For this reason, from the beginning of the second half of the second century, through Islamic Sufism and its aftermath, they have created many terms and described and explained them. The first step of sufi’s journey (Soluk) is called Talab. Rumi believes that the requirement of this journey for the seeker (Tāleb) is to be an avid of love, or to serve the Murshid, therefore withMurshid’s blessing and guidance, a desire arises in him. When he reached the desired point, the next step will start which is called Tarab. Rumi’s basic plan for everyone's life is such spiritual that one should either strive for Tarb or Tarb. In fact, his life passed after getting acquainted with Shams transformation. Rumi's attitude towards happiness is so positive. He never places sorrow in his heart and always cries out of love by Sama (Sufi ceremony) and invites everyone to happiness. In his opinion the durable happiness will be achieved when we fall in love. In this research, we want to examine how Rumi explains these two steps, i.e. "Talab" and "Tarab". Manuscript profile -
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121 - Prose poetry or poetic prose in The " Tarikh al vozarā " by Abul Rajā Qomi
rasoul zare khafri Mohtasham MohammadiProse is informative and poetry describes and conveys emotion. But sometimes we come across prose that goes beyond the news and engages the audience Among literary prose texts, such prose may seem somewhat natural but poetic prose within a historical and political text MoreProse is informative and poetry describes and conveys emotion. But sometimes we come across prose that goes beyond the news and engages the audience Among literary prose texts, such prose may seem somewhat natural but poetic prose within a historical and political text attracts the reader to a great extent. The Tarikh al vozarā is a history book in the sixth century in which Abu al-Rajā Qomi wrote fifty years of the Seljuk ministry in poetic prose. Abu al-Rajā Qomi has tried to create different prose in this work with the help of the beautiful elements of speech and to create poetic prose, far from the tasks of the Arabic language, with the help of Persian literary language resources. In this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the poetic prose of this work in an analytical-descriptive manner based on a library study To the poetic prose that the author has used in this book; To be determined Manuscript profile -
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122 - Unknown literary figure of Rekhta and poets casting of Rekhta in Urdu
Siavash Morshedi Abbas SaeidiClassical Persian literature, as we know, has influenced the literature of neighboring lands for many years, both in its Persian language and in other languages. One of these languages is Urdu language and literature in the Indian subcontinent (including India and Pakis MoreClassical Persian literature, as we know, has influenced the literature of neighboring lands for many years, both in its Persian language and in other languages. One of these languages is Urdu language and literature in the Indian subcontinent (including India and Pakistan).In the article, after introducing the Urdu language and how the influence of Persian literature and its influence in the subcontinent are discussed. Then, the introduction of the literary figures of speech of "Rekhta poem" is presented. In the statistical community, 94 poets have been mentioned. In the other part of the article, the pattern of poetry cast in the following cases: 1) The first and second Persian hemistich; 2) the first Persian hemistich, the second Urdu hemistich; 3) Mixed is introduced and analyzed. In the next section, the weights of the cast weights are analyzed and the statistical diagram of the weights of the cast weights - which is mainly influenced by Persian literature - is followed. Literary technique and fantasies are other parts of the article. In this section, the effect of imaginary forms and expressive combinations of Persian literature on cast poets is presented analytically. The conclusion is quoted at the end. Manuscript profile -
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123 - An attitude towards allusions and proverbs and rulings in Anwari's poems
Tahereh khabaziThe splendor and richness of the Dari language, which has reached a very high level of evolution over the centuries, depends on the sweet, pleasant and meaningful words and combinations, the combination of which in order and prose has created glorious literature and a l MoreThe splendor and richness of the Dari language, which has reached a very high level of evolution over the centuries, depends on the sweet, pleasant and meaningful words and combinations, the combination of which in order and prose has created glorious literature and a large part of them. It must be interpreted ironically. These allusions and idioms have gradually found their way into the treasury of Dari words in each era due to the special circumstances of that time and the developments that have taken place, and by entering a continuous and scattered context, have increased the volume of Persian language in terms of fertility and beauty. In Anvari's poems, many imaginary forms have been used. In this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the aesthetic aspects of Anvari's poems based on irony, and for that, many evidences of beautiful poems of this poet have been brought to use irony and proverbs. Presented in the sixth century. Manuscript profile -
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124 - Study of the poetic readings of Hafez poems based on the principles of hermeneutics.
Saleh Kakoee Hesam Ziaee Mehrali YazdanpanahHafiz's poetry is one of the finest texts for the poetic readings; the art of satirical structures has a significant impact on the interpretation of Hafez's poetry. Hafez has influenced the Holy Quran in the syntax and artistic structure, because the meaning of the word MoreHafiz's poetry is one of the finest texts for the poetic readings; the art of satirical structures has a significant impact on the interpretation of Hafez's poetry. Hafez has influenced the Holy Quran in the syntax and artistic structure, because the meaning of the word of Hafez is tied to divine verses. Hafez's poetry language contains elegant concepts of randy with a revelatory and heavenly language, while expressing the status of a human being; it also deals with the lips of the cup and the shining of Simin Shagh, which also represents the most purely mystical experience.This research was conducted in an analytical method using all the words "bootia", "hermeneutics" and "reading".In the poetry of Hafez, which creates an amazing point and a miracle, it is normative, not normative; among the arts, satire and inspiration are of high frequency. The lack of attention of the exponents to these two arts has made some interpretations a shallow and superficial one.In addition to hermeneutic meaning, poeticism is also valuable in artistic terms, as it causes artistic expression in readers; reading readers with a rhetorical interpretation, in particular, by re-reading the text to artistic delicacies, especially the secret artifacts of Hafez. Manuscript profile -
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125 - Climatic color in the poetry of Mohammad Biabani
mohammad moradi pooran yosefipoor Fatemeh Ghafuri Mehdi abadThe poet Mohammad Biabanizadeh is from the southern climate. A climate that has sided with the sea and the land and is inextricably linked to the scorching heat. He was born in Bushehr and spent his childhood in the same city. The living environment and natural climate MoreThe poet Mohammad Biabanizadeh is from the southern climate. A climate that has sided with the sea and the land and is inextricably linked to the scorching heat. He was born in Bushehr and spent his childhood in the same city. The living environment and natural climate seem to have an ineffective effect on Asnan. Which examine these effects in the works of poets and writers under the title of climatic or local color. Local color or climatic character is a term that expresses these effects in the poetry of poets. It is with nature that in contemporary Iranian poetry, it first appeared in Nima's poetry and then in the poems of poets after him, it was noticed and welcomed. This research seeks to answer the question of why and to what extent Mohammad Biabani was able to reflect the southern climate in his poetry through the method of analytical-descriptive library study. And the results indicate that besides Boom His poems are full of climatic colors in all of his poems and the most prominent linguistic feature of his poems after Vazgani Archaism is the prominence of the color of climate and southern nature and his fondness and interest in his ecology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The magic of proximity in Saadi's lyric poems
shaiestehsadat hoseini robat Enayat allah shrifpour Gholam Abbas zakeriThe magic of proximity as one of the components of formalism plays a prominent role in the artistic expression of speech. In fact, this topic deals with the balance between phonemes and words. And from this perspective, we can mention many rhetorical elements such as re MoreThe magic of proximity as one of the components of formalism plays a prominent role in the artistic expression of speech. In fact, this topic deals with the balance between phonemes and words. And from this perspective, we can mention many rhetorical elements such as repetition, phonology, types of puns, prostration, arrangement and balance, and other industries. Phonetic accompaniment creates music from this perspective, enchants the audience and induces meaning. In this way, it adds to the audience In such a way that sometimes words that are not related to each other in terms of meaning and their similarity is only in terms of phonetics are accepted. 's pleasure.And the mind seeks to discover meaning for them, and the poet or writer-artist will be more successful in inducing his desired goals and meanings by using this technique.In this article, using descriptive method and providing examples, we examined the magical effects of proximity in Saadi's lyric poems.It can be said that the magical effects of proximity in Saadi's sonnets, according to the division of kourosh safavi from the types of balance, can be mentioned more in the subset of phonetic balance, and through this, Saadi has increased the influence of his words. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Examining Salman Herati's poems from the point of view of content aesthetics
Mazaher Zamani NematsaraSalman Herati is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, by using simple language and creating pure and fresh compositions, was able to express many of his social and political, ritual, religious and idealistic concerns in his poems. He has never sacrificed the con MoreSalman Herati is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, by using simple language and creating pure and fresh compositions, was able to express many of his social and political, ritual, religious and idealistic concerns in his poems. He has never sacrificed the content and theme of his poems to the surface and external layers of the poem (rhyme and weight...), but his poems are always in terms of literary creations, melody, simple and clear language, careful choice of words, beautiful descriptions, imagination. Strong, the harmony of image and emotion, artistic and story techniques, the use of historical and mythological elements, and having a deep meaning and concept, have been worthy of attention. In this article, which is written in an analytical-descriptive way, attention is paid to the most significant content and conceptual expressions from the perspective of intellectual aesthetics in Salman Herati's poems. The obtained results show that Salman is interested in concepts and approaches such as idealism and libertarianism, ritual and religious attitudes, martyrdom and martyrdom, patriotism, revolution, manifestations of resistance and stability, nature, resurrection and death, love. , justice and anti-colonialism and some social components such as philanthropy have paid special attention, and among these things, religious and ritual themes as well as politeness have shown more special attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Magic vicinity in Shafii Kodkani's poems
yagub noruziThe term " Magic vicinity " is a term that Shafi'i Kadkani applied to some Phonetic and musical balances in the language. He has described and explained this term extensively in the article " Magic vicinity". In some cases, the common sound between words, regardless of MoreThe term " Magic vicinity " is a term that Shafi'i Kadkani applied to some Phonetic and musical balances in the language. He has described and explained this term extensively in the article " Magic vicinity". In some cases, the common sound between words, regardless of their semantic dimension, becomes the reason for their presence together, and this phonetic feature and musical magic justifies the connection between these words. The companionship and Magic vicinity between words that have common sounds, fascinates the audience so that they do not feel the meaning distance between these words and accept them as a unified and related words.The effects of magic vicinity in Persian poetry are very wide. Shafii Kadkani in his article on magic vicinity and other researchers have discussed its manifestations in Persian poetry. Even though Shafii Kadkani himself is the creator of this term and in his poetry we can see unique examples of the use of this literary device, but no research has been done on the effects of magic vicinity in his poetry. This defect caused we dedicate the present research to this topic and analyze the different manifestations and functions of the magic vicinity in his poetry. The result of the present research shows the wide application of this literary device in Shafii Kadkani's poetry and the amazing examples of this literary device with different functions in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Analysis of imagery in poetry wisdom Anonymous
morteza razzagh pur reza sadeghi shahpar akram mossaffaMixing and blending it with the mystical and philosophical explanations of poetic language and artistic, different angles and perspectives to evaluate this kind of provides. The use of abstract concepts and difficult legal and philosophical works of mystical poetry in v MoreMixing and blending it with the mystical and philosophical explanations of poetic language and artistic, different angles and perspectives to evaluate this kind of provides. The use of abstract concepts and difficult legal and philosophical works of mystical poetry in various ways and methods of allegorical tales, stories and sermons on moral education has been used. As the Sufi poet Sanai time and time wise, so his work can be examined from a mystical, philosophical and literary review. Anonymous works because Hdyqh, including works of mystical poetry of Rumi, he is a poet according to the subject of legal and philosophical concepts and terminology that is used. He was also instrumental in influencing the abundance of imagery of benefit. This article on how to use imagery and style fantasy elements such as simile, metaphor, allegory, allusion may, paradoxes, visualization, analogy, and the third term is evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Studying allusion in the poems of seyyed Ali Musavi Garmarudi & Mohammad Ali Moallem Damqani
zahra abazari vajiheh torkamaniAllusion is one of literary industries that persian literature poets have continuously paid attention to it in in their own works from long time ago. Among contemporary poets, Musari Garmarudi & Moallem Damqani are those poets who have used different allusions in th MoreAllusion is one of literary industries that persian literature poets have continuously paid attention to it in in their own works from long time ago. Among contemporary poets, Musari Garmarudi & Moallem Damqani are those poets who have used different allusions in their poems. The purpose of these poets is sometimes the narration of historical and religious stories and some other times they have tried to indicate their own ideas and thoughts in poem form indirectly through using allusion. Although the use of allusion by those poets is religious or based on mythology, apparently, they inspire a lot of political concepts to their readers through poem form, and it is the same artistic reflex of allusion. These poets using allusion in revolutionary, religious and holy defence poems forms have grafted ancient events to their own time events. In fact, it can be said that their main purpose is to change poem to an information source for contemporary people. The findings of this research wich have been obtained based on library and document ways, through descriptive investigation method, indicate that the percentage that Musavi Garmarudi has used allusion in his poems is higher. He has used allusion in his poems about 56/43% but Mo᾽allem Damqani has used allusion about 43/57% .Among all used allusions in their works, it can be stated that 77/61% are religious, 2/4% are based on Koran, 9/24% are literary, 6/84% are historical and 3/91% are mythological ones, that the religious allusions have had the most percentage of use in the poems of these two poets. Also, allusion to the prophet Moses with 9/07% in the poems of Musavi Garmarudi and allusion to the holy prophet Mohammad (p.u.h), with 12/21% in the poems of Moallem Damqani have had the most use, repetition and frequency in comparison with other personalities or titles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Simile and Alphabetic Letters in Khaghani’s Poems
saeid kheir khah barzaki foruzan taviliSimile in Persian Poetry is considered as one of most obvious imageries and hasoccupied a special place in the poets works.There for, poets using their own surrounding phenomena, have widened the scope of the similes used in theirpoems. One of these phenomenais to use t MoreSimile in Persian Poetry is considered as one of most obvious imageries and hasoccupied a special place in the poets works.There for, poets using their own surrounding phenomena, have widened the scope of the similes used in theirpoems. One of these phenomenais to use the alphabet similar unto which a thingis likened, which is quite common in Irag style and afterwards. In this research with providing a prologue on simile and alphabet and a reference to some famous collection of poems, some exaples of this issue, especially from Khaghani’s poetical collection , have been rendered. In Khaghani’scollection , simile after metaphor is used a lot compared to the other imageries and other poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Aspects and Effects of Metaphor in Khaghani Poetry
Shokooh BaradaranThe allegory is one of the most widely used categories in the poems of poets of various periods of Persian poetry. Due to the importance of this issue, various definitions have been expressed in rhetorical books. Khaghani, one of the most prominent and most prominent po MoreThe allegory is one of the most widely used categories in the poems of poets of various periods of Persian poetry. Due to the importance of this issue, various definitions have been expressed in rhetorical books. Khaghani, one of the most prominent and most prominent poets of his age (Seljuk), has a deep and deep-seated view of allegory, and does not allow any thought to fly to the summit of the summit of his poetry. He has grown so high that no one else has followed Yara. In this essay, various definitions of allegory are first expressed, then the expressions of allegorical games, which are in the form of games and hobbies, are discussed and used to instill wise thoughts. In the end, it has come to the conclusion that a large part of Khaghani's central thrust, which is one of the common features of this period, is manifested in his manifestations, and the application of analogy with various purposes and instruments in his poems is the best evidence of the personalization of poetry He is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Orating Analysis Of Mental Imagery in Saadi’s Arabic Poems
Javad Kabutari Hosein ArianSa'di Shirazi is one of the greatest tales of Persian poets and poets who has been fluent in Arabic. Despite the dominance of Sa'di in Arabic, Arabic poetry has given him a small part of his poetry, but these little poems show Raffi Sa'di's position among Iranian Arab p MoreSa'di Shirazi is one of the greatest tales of Persian poets and poets who has been fluent in Arabic. Despite the dominance of Sa'di in Arabic, Arabic poetry has given him a small part of his poetry, but these little poems show Raffi Sa'di's position among Iranian Arab poets. Sa'di Shirazi has used the imagination in Persian poetry and his Arabic poems. Although Sa'di is a teacher in literary forms and forms, he has presented his skill to the friends of his friends. More than trying to demonstrate his ability and art in the use of literary industries, he sought to convey meaning in a variety of ways. Sa'di has used Persian verse and Arabic poetry in all four subjects of the science of expression (simile, metaphor, metonymy and allegory), but the use (simile and metaphor) of his poems is more evident. In this research, Sour Zahal, has been analyzed and analyzed in Persian poetry and Arabic poetry of Saadi, with examples of Persian and Arabic verses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The secret and Mystery of simile in Naderpoor` poems
rasool ali panahiyan mohamadreza ghariIn rhetorics simile is the first element to create pictures.Simile is one of the pillars of rhetorics and other rhetorical devices such as metaphor,metonymy,personification and allusion originates from it.It can be deemed as one of the simplest imageries since it can be MoreIn rhetorics simile is the first element to create pictures.Simile is one of the pillars of rhetorics and other rhetorical devices such as metaphor,metonymy,personification and allusion originates from it.It can be deemed as one of the simplest imageries since it can be understood more easily.Naderpoor has used the rhetorical devices more adequqtely in his poems.He has used simile to render his own message together with pictures and artistic ways.In the present article ,to clarify the importance of simile, an statistical analysis of his similes has been made.His poetical similes from the perspective of rationality or sensation are categorized and the subtleties of it is analysed. Manuscript profile -
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135 - An Aesthetical crticism of Qeisar Aminpour's Ashura-Related Poetical Codes
Mazaher Zamani Nematsara Mohammad Reza Zaman AhmadiThe linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criti MoreThe linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criticize his Ashura related poems from the perpective of modernism, images and scientific discourse. The findings indicate that Aminpour Ashura related poems distant from extremism, analogy and stereotypes and modified the trend of modernism in these poetical codes. He has rendered new pictures based on his owm experiences and has applied a rational , critical and scientific approach in Ashura - centered poems while avoiding populism and creating a spectacular change in this respect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - lyric literature
hasan bassakkjgscvhk gfhagdfagfkjgscvhk gfhagdfagf Manuscript profile -
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137 - A Study of the Main Elements of the Themes in Children’s Poems in the Eighties
mandana alimiMir The study of the themes in children’s poems is one way to find out what poetic theme aspects the poets of every era were interested in. the results can contribute to the analysis of the effective factors. The present article studies the poems printed in the e MoreMir The study of the themes in children’s poems is one way to find out what poetic theme aspects the poets of every era were interested in. the results can contribute to the analysis of the effective factors. The present article studies the poems printed in the eighties (Iranian calendar). The concepts studied include naturalism, socio-political issues, entertainment, religion, science, education, and ethics. The most frequent concept was naturalism (37.9%) and the least frequent was ethics (2.7%). The most frequent topic in the poems focused on nature was the animals (42.3%) and the least frequent topic was day and night (2.8%). Further studies are required to study why there are few poems on the topics of education and ethics and why naturalism and socio-political issues are very prevalent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Women’s Feature in Contemporary Poetry In Egypt
Abdol Reza Attashi Mojde MorshediThe purpose of this study was to deliberate the Arab contemporary poetry about women based on Hafez Abraham, the Egypt contemporary poet; his point of view on women’s freedom and their role in policy, science and education. The study was designed as narrative and MoreThe purpose of this study was to deliberate the Arab contemporary poetry about women based on Hafez Abraham, the Egypt contemporary poet; his point of view on women’s freedom and their role in policy, science and education. The study was designed as narrative and analytic. The result showed that he objected to the unconstrained freedom in his poetries and described the women’s freedom in Islamic domains. Also this neoclassic poet believed in the role of women in all areas such as policy, science and education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Post-Romanticism in the Poetry of Forough Farokhzad
Behzad KhajatThe purpose of the present research was to study the course of romanticism and its transition in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry. Romanticism was one of the most important literary schools in the world which rooted in the West's economic and social developments and has be MoreThe purpose of the present research was to study the course of romanticism and its transition in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry. Romanticism was one of the most important literary schools in the world which rooted in the West's economic and social developments and has been critically accounted for, in various ways. However, in Iran, the material grounds for the emergence of this school had not been entirely completed and, consequently, romanticism could not be activated in the literary community like its western counterpart. From the Constitutional Revolution and the first translation of literary works, some features of this school had entered literary life and then had prevailed with the social developments. Forough Farrokhzad was one of the most influential figures in Iranian romantic poetry whose poem was a mirror of the developments in the Iranian romantic school. So it was possible to study the dynamics of this school in the field of poetry today in her works. This article aimed to use the descriptive-analytical method to emphasize the characteristics of the school of romanticism in transforming of the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad.The results indicated that Forough Farrokhzad's poetry had been able to reach a special position in a difficult path of superficial romanticism to a well-known and thoughtful romanticism. Manuscript profile -
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140 - The study of parallelism in Fadva Tooghan, the contemporary poet of Palestinian
Boshra Godarzi Rouhollahe Sayyadi Nejad Amir Hosain Rasool NiaThe aim of this research is to study the level of parallelism (vocal, vocab and syntax) and the effect of them in Fadvi poems the Palestinian contemporary Arabic world poet. She is one of the poets who have used parallelism in her poems. The research is by descriptive- MoreThe aim of this research is to study the level of parallelism (vocal, vocab and syntax) and the effect of them in Fadvi poems the Palestinian contemporary Arabic world poet. She is one of the poets who have used parallelism in her poems. The research is by descriptive- analytical method and by using librarian sources and qualitative study she studied the e parallelism in poems of Fadvi Tooghan. The findings of the research show that in the subject of parallelism the repetition has the most importance and also is an important element in making music. Fadvi Tooghan made very beautiful poems by using this repetition which a wise reader can understand it by reading them. Fadvi Tooghan has used parallelism in vocal, vocab and syntax levels and this similarity in text structure has made her poem very fabulous. She has made her poem outstanding in verbal level by repeating sounds, letters words and compounds which cause emphasize in semantic level, this issue shows that the verbal structures effects on meaning transmissions. It looks that the repetition of parallelism in vocalic level is more than verbal and syntax levels, because in verbal and syntax parallelism the parallelism of vocal can be find. Manuscript profile -
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141 - The Color Element as the Symbol of Forough Farrokhzad’s Feminine Style
Eqlima Ansari Ashraf CheginiThe purpose of the present research was to study the role of color and its symbols in expressing feminine sentiments and emotions of Forough by using the new views of color psychology. The use of colors and feminine symbols were the means for Forough to communicate with MoreThe purpose of the present research was to study the role of color and its symbols in expressing feminine sentiments and emotions of Forough by using the new views of color psychology. The use of colors and feminine symbols were the means for Forough to communicate with her audience, expressing her feminine thoughts, speaking of a woman’s concerns and aspirations, and ultimately, defending her virtue as a woman. Regarding this element in her sentimental and feminine poetry contributed to a better understanding of her and, to a large degree, a decent connection of the audience with her feminine thoughts and feelings. This research was based on descriptive – analytical study, and according to the results obtained from the current study, red was at the highest frequency as the most vibrant color with a perfectly positive effect; after that black was considered as the heaviest color, which is the expression of the most feminine feelings in Forough’s poetry. Pink with the lowest frequency was used as an utterly feminine color; and other colors including white, green, silver, blue and gold, were roughly the same, reflecting the spirits, regrets, wishes, and chastity of this female poet. Manuscript profile -
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142 - Comparative Analysis of Cultural and Psychological Content of Feminine Emotions in the Poetry of Najme Zare, Roza Jamali, Maryam Jafari with the Poetry of Ghada Al-Saman
Fatemeh Taghinezhad Seyyed Mohtasham Mohammadi Ali Mohammad MahmoudiThe research was aimed to compare cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari and Roza Jamali with Ghada Al-Samman poetries. The research universe included all the poems of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari, Roza Jamali and Ghada Al-S MoreThe research was aimed to compare cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari and Roza Jamali with Ghada Al-Samman poetries. The research universe included all the poems of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari, Roza Jamali and Ghada Al-Samman. The sample encompassed the poems related to cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of the poets. The method was descriptive-analytical. To collect data library method via note taking was processed. The results showed that one of the important themes was the discussion of cultural and psychological content and their signs, which each female poet had a different and sometimes common understanding according to the mentality and culture of their society. Another important and common subject in the poems of these poets was romantic language and female lyrics. Each poet had her own romantic language, which in some cases were similar and sometimes different from Ghada al-Samman. The all-embracing emotional theme of Najme Zare's poem was sadness and separation from the beloved. Maryam Jafari's romantic and social odes was more special in terms of female's discourse and language. Roza Jamali's poems were based on female imagination and showed most of the female romantic themes in the form of symbols, and her poems used more emotional and feminine words compared to other two Iranian poets. In the case of Ghada Al-Samman, there was a combination of the mentioned cases of these three Iranian poets in her feminine romantic language; It means that it was both a poet complaining about the separation of a lover and a defense of women's rights. Manuscript profile -
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143 - Feminine Poetries A survey on the role of female poets in Iran
بهزاد KhajatAlthough the number of female poets has been less than man, it is not a good reason to neglecttheir very important role in creating poems and literary works all around the world. All literarymovements seem to have some women with magnificent literary works and very wond MoreAlthough the number of female poets has been less than man, it is not a good reason to neglecttheir very important role in creating poems and literary works all around the world. All literarymovements seem to have some women with magnificent literary works and very wonderful poems,all the time. In Iran, even in the most traditional historical periods, women had created wonderfulliterary works. It is obvious that social and historical status of men and women poets have been diflferent, in spite of that, their values were not affected by their status. Even most of the time, it couldbe seen that women have been much more kind and affectionate in creating an artistic literary work.The purpose of this article was to show women’s role playing process in creating literary worksfrom the very beginning of the existence of modern poetry. The name of all the female poets andsome of their influential poems were mentioned and their success and failure was discussed too.The author tried not to ignore any well-known name from the list, meanwhile, social concerns ofsuch kind of evolutions was considered. Manuscript profile -
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144 - Women’s Poem and Its Features in the Advent of Islam
M. J. Esmael Ghanemi جواد Sa`adounzadeh علی SepahyarThis research was devoted to women’s literature and its characteristics in the era of Islam. Since the writing of history of Arabic literature was male-dominated: in some cases locating literary works and poetry produced by women was difficult. But in the modern a MoreThis research was devoted to women’s literature and its characteristics in the era of Islam. Since the writing of history of Arabic literature was male-dominated: in some cases locating literary works and poetry produced by women was difficult. But in the modern age due to various researches, the role of women in poetry and literature has been more evident and many sources deal with women’s poetry. We can be realized that women’s poetry has its own differentiating characteristics. Among these differences is that women did not sell their poetry for cheap and did not make it a source of earning a living. “Emotion” had been a strong feature of women’s poetry. Women’s poetic techniques were not much different from men’s; although women poets tended to use specific techniques such as elegy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Sociological look To the Poems of Forough Farrokhzad
Fatemeh Modarasi Zahra NooriSociology of literature is a new perspective to literature that tries to present scientific and practical interpretation of literary works so it can benefit them as a reflection of realties of the society in solving social problems and even the social crisis. Considerin MoreSociology of literature is a new perspective to literature that tries to present scientific and practical interpretation of literary works so it can benefit them as a reflection of realties of the society in solving social problems and even the social crisis. Considering the social issues as a poetic factor was introduced with the Constitutional Revolution (Mashrotiyat) and by Nima and his followers pomes reached to a climax and was continued in contemparay "social symbolism". Forough Farrokhzad was one of the prominent poet of this current who payed especial attention to social issues in her second part of her works. This study tried to sociologically analyze Forough Farrokhzad poem by applying analytic –descriptive approach. The results indicated that Forough Farrokhzad in her social poems reacted to her era social issues and as a critic was able to express the social inequalities, conflicts corruptions, despotism, poverty, injustice with symbolism and irony in natural and impressive way and implicated a vivid and clear picture from second Pahlavi's society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Woman and Ideal Identity in Constitutional Revolution Literatures
علی EynalilouContrary to the Quran trainings and the Maasoumin (The Innocent Sacred, Peace upon them)Sunnah classic Iranian literature did not eligibly respect woman. In such an approach the womanwas considered as pleasing mate for man, while having no equal rights and not even to h MoreContrary to the Quran trainings and the Maasoumin (The Innocent Sacred, Peace upon them)Sunnah classic Iranian literature did not eligibly respect woman. In such an approach the womanwas considered as pleasing mate for man, while having no equal rights and not even to have a rightto protest. Such an attitude was revised in The Constitutional Revolution after ward era. The womentook actions to reestablish their legal demands and the men declined to justice. To accomplishhumanitarian status, equal position in the family and the society, the preparation of the conditionsled to education and presence in the open social life and the participation in social and political affaireswere all the Constitutional Revolution achievements for women. This paper introduced someof the Constitutional Revolution era poets pointing out to their enlightment efforts of the publicopinion to resume the women right, rights that in contradiction to Divine rules were deprived of thewomen due to disordered social institutions. Manuscript profile -
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147 - Woman's Face in Sufis Poem (Sanaie, Attar and Jami)
یدالله Bahmani Motlagh علی SharbatiThe woman as a half of the human society has a special place in the new studies. Viewing the great development in attitudes to the main social elements that exist in present time, it is necessary to study the views of different classes of society about woman for knowing MoreThe woman as a half of the human society has a special place in the new studies. Viewing the great development in attitudes to the main social elements that exist in present time, it is necessary to study the views of different classes of society about woman for knowing her more generally and accurately. Sufis (mystics) for the high and positive position that they have among the various classes of society, their views has a special importance. In this essay it is tried to analyze the face of woman from the view of greets Sufis like sanaie, attar and Jami. What is understood from the first view is that they receive most of their thoughts from the high education of Quran and the prophet's tradition. In the second stage, we understand from the result of this essay that their positive and probably negative view about women is not personal and emotional. But as we see some examples of them in Quran and the speech of the greats of religion, is often reaction against negative and in appropriate individual behavior and the roles that some women have played. The criticism of in correct human behavior, not themselves, is confirmed today from the psychological view. The negative impact with inappropriate behavior and negative character of individuals is something that does not allocate to woman kind. There are many people that we had a bad memory of them in Quran like Abojahl and Abolahab. Our great mystics, according to the conditions of time and the speech position, sometimes introduce women as a model and pattern that men should learn from them the lesson of manliness, reliance and devotion. Manuscript profile -
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148 - A Glance to the Philosophical Ideas of the Parvin Etessami Poems
Faredeh SalamatniaMost writers consider Parvin Etessami as a social and moral poet and consequently classified her poems in two major categories educational and social and less considered her philosophical opinions .Parvin was not a philosopher a MoreMost writers consider Parvin Etessami as a social and moral poet and consequently classified her poems in two major categories educational and social and less considered her philosophical opinions .Parvin was not a philosopher and neither her Divan a philosophy book , but the elements such as cosmology , fate and free will of man showed the philosophical thoughts of this poet and confirmed her familiarity with philosophical topics. Parvin Etessami had experienced two social eras, the constitution revolution (Mashrouta) and Pahlavi the Father. The impact of these two periods on her poet’s and attitudes toward issues such as ontology, anthropology and … was quite apparent. The research results showed that among the common literary streams of her time Parvin Etessami had chosen the traditional modernist theories and while planning political social and ethical issues in the form of poems Masnavi and debates she has left considerable poetry in philosophical themes as her own legacy. Manuscript profile -
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149 - Study of the mythological motif of the volcano in romantic poems of Homay-o-Homayoun, Gol-o-Norooz, Jamshid-o-Khorshid and Mehr-o-Mah
samaneh abbasi hasan tabatabii esmat esmaeiliThe eternal mythological motifs with flexibility and deep extensive meanings, ever exist in the various narratives according to their contents and also to the intellectual and social characteristics of the different periods. They also maintain that beliefs which are the MoreThe eternal mythological motifs with flexibility and deep extensive meanings, ever exist in the various narratives according to their contents and also to the intellectual and social characteristics of the different periods. They also maintain that beliefs which are the bases of the narratives forming. Volcano is one of these motifs which transfigures as a dragon or a daemon. Struggle of the main character with this daemon is interpreted as his bravery, his competency to achieve the goal and also as a benediction upon the others. This ancient motif which is related to the Aryan mythology, not only exist in the epic narratives, but also it is possible to see its displaced samples in some of the romantic poems. In this essay, the mythological motif of the volcano has been studied in these four romantic poems: Homay-o-Homayoun, Gol-o-Norooz, jamshid-o-khorshid, Mehr-o-Mah. Also, this motif in the romantic poems is compared with its role in the epic narratives. So, the dynamic current of the myths in the non-epic texts will be proved. Manuscript profile -
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150 - The study and analysis of the usage prepositions in the poems of the prominent poets of the samanid’s era
soheila loveimiThe element of language is one of the social phenomena that is constantly changing and metamorphoses. The Persian (farsi) language has not been far from these changes and metamorphoses. One of these and metamorphoses is preposition changing. In this research we examined MoreThe element of language is one of the social phenomena that is constantly changing and metamorphoses. The Persian (farsi) language has not been far from these changes and metamorphoses. One of these and metamorphoses is preposition changing. In this research we examined the prepositions, kinds and its uses in the poetic language of the prominent poets of the samanid’s era and also we compare it with today’s standard language. The examination of the witnesses shows that in mentioned era, simple and compound prepositions have been used. These prepositions from the shape, structure and semantic point of view are of great diversities. Moreover, a prepositions are used in this era that in following eras are reduced or completely obsoleted. Also there are some terms (complement and preposition) in this era that some grammar writers have considered them as compound preposition; while it seems that these terms are a combination of « simple preposition» and «complement». Manuscript profile -
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151 - Investigation of engineering form of linguistic and literary structure of repetition in Kalim Kashani's lyric poems
Fazlollah Rezaei Ardani Gholamreza Hatafi ArdakaniRepetition is way to create and increase the amount of music and increase the norm in words and is important in music and rhetoric. In this literary research, this linguistic and literary art has been studied in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani, the famous poet of the 1 MoreRepetition is way to create and increase the amount of music and increase the norm in words and is important in music and rhetoric. In this literary research, this linguistic and literary art has been studied in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani, the famous poet of the 11th century. The use of repetition has filled this poet with inner music, and this structure serves to convey meaning and feeling to the audience. Repetition is one of the factors in creating music.signs of this linguistic phenomenon can be seen in nature, such as day and night, spring and summer, and ... Repetition is the important features of the poet's words in the axis of accompaniment, or the longitudinal extension of his poems. This article examines its form. This feature creates visual and auditory, order, communication, and convinces the audience's mind and takes them to literary pleasure. This research has been done with the aim of examining the application of the tools for creating the music of speech, namely repetition and also localization of formalist critique, in the lyric poems of Kalim Kashani. The research method in this article is based on the study, analysis and objective description of the research findings, taking into account the principles of formalist critique. By this research, it was found that Kalim used the literary ornament of proportion, the melody of letters and other linguistic and literary works of art by using repetition to explore the mind of the audience and induce the content. Manuscript profile -
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152 - Look at the imagery and emotion in the poems align with Salman Harati
ghasem mehravar giglou fateme modarresiSalman Harati (1338 -1365) committed one of the poets of the contemporary style of literature in the field of Islamic Revolution and is stable. Salman poetic language is the language of poetry, simple and insignificant. Salman plain language and strong, able to create b MoreSalman Harati (1338 -1365) committed one of the poets of the contemporary style of literature in the field of Islamic Revolution and is stable. Salman poetic language is the language of poetry, simple and insignificant. Salman plain language and strong, able to create beautiful images be. Is intended to present a descriptive - analytical imaging and align it with the emotion in the poems of Salman Harati to discuss and scrutinize. Outcome research suggests that the link between the poet's creative emotion, image and imagination. And logic-based interactive communication, which implies that the referential function, making out, and the poetic function is restored. Salman singing poems in various arts of poetic imagery, including metaphor, personification, metonymy, simile, synaethesia, irony, and the paradox …Has used. In the arts of Image, such as simile, metaphor, personification and synaethesia more with the emotion and sense of fun and irony and paradox of religious belief with social affection Salman Harati are consistent Manuscript profile -
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153 - The relationship between God and man in the works of Jami
zahra ghezelsofla akbar shaebani mohammad fazeliGod, as the creator of man, has been in contact with him from the beginning of man's creation, and this relationship has expanded with the entry into the universe. The relationship between man and God and the mutual presence of this kind of relationship is one of the fu MoreGod, as the creator of man, has been in contact with him from the beginning of man's creation, and this relationship has expanded with the entry into the universe. The relationship between man and God and the mutual presence of this kind of relationship is one of the fundamental issues in the field of Islamic mysticism. Man, as the Ashraf of creatures, has a valuable position among all of God's creations, which has given God special attention and attention to this caliph. Most artists, especially Persian poets, have dedicated their work to the relationship between man and the absolute Creator. Jami is one of the most prominent figures in Persian literature who seeks to address all aspects of his personality, precision, study, and exuberance with sufficient mastery over certain sciences.The relationship between God and man is one of the key points in Jami's poetry. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the relationship between God and man and analyzes the concepts related to this field in Jami'ah poetry. The results of this study indicate that the relationship between God and man in Jami'ah poetry has been applied in three ways: 1. Revelation, Verses, and Apocalyptic Verses 2. Creation and guidance 3. Manuscript profile -
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154 - Investigating the association of meanings based on Innovative techniques in the poems of vaez Qazvini
mandana alimi SARA javid mozafari ehsan ansariAs the main element of the imagination, association plays an important role in creating a variety of poetic images. vaez Qazvini is a pictorial poet who, with the help of this element, takes a step in imagining pristine and imaginative creations. He tries to classify th MoreAs the main element of the imagination, association plays an important role in creating a variety of poetic images. vaez Qazvini is a pictorial poet who, with the help of this element, takes a step in imagining pristine and imaginative creations. He tries to classify the fluid flow of the mind, which is the association of communication, beyond the seemingly scattered monologues and flow of the mind, and in the connection between images and thoughts, between the different layers of the mind. vaez, due to his careful and thoughtful thinking in composing poems, exposes the amount of associations that he has included in his poems through images, imagination, and figures of speech. He has also used a variety of industries to create new themes and concepts, according to the memories he has in mind. The present article seeks to express the free and dreamy association of the poet's mind. It also expresses the influence of innovation through proximity or similarity in the leading figures of speech in the Qazvin’s poems and how the poet benefits from it Manuscript profile -
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155 - Intertextual relations between the anecdotes of Rumi in Masnavi in the first book with the texts of Persian poetry and prose (based on the theory of Gérard Genette)
siamak saadatiIntertextuality examines the relationships between texts. Because in every text there are references to earlier works; In other words, new texts are the offspring of earlier texts. Hence, it can be said that there is no new and original text and every writer is inspired MoreIntertextuality examines the relationships between texts. Because in every text there are references to earlier works; In other words, new texts are the offspring of earlier texts. Hence, it can be said that there is no new and original text and every writer is inspired to create his work from the works of his predecessors. In intertextuality, two texts are compared: a text below and a rough text. Gérard Genette has perfected the theory of intertextuality. Genette divides intertextuality into three categories, which can be examined in the form of: the explicit, implicit and implicit presence of one text in another. In this article, the author first explores the roots of Rumi's mystical anecdotes and thoughts in the first book of Masnavi in mystical, fictional, interpretive works, Poetry Courts and Persian historical books. Then he divides these anecdotes into three categories based on Genet's theory of intertextuality. At this stage, the following text of Masnavi is specified. This text below should have both chronological and historical precedence over other texts and should be most similar to Masnavi narration. This study shows that Rumi had read many Arabic historical, interpretive, fiction and mystical books before him and brought them to the margins of Masnavi. However, in all the cases studied, he has changed mystical thoughts and previous anecdotes to achieve his mystical, theological and moral goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - the acoustic investigation of stress in Persian Poetry
rafeeh khoshkhu Raha ZareifardAbstractSince Persian r hythm is quantitative and depends on vowel duration, thefunction of stress is not studied carefully yet. This study aims at answering this question: to what extent Persian Poem depends on stress? For answering this question the sonnet number 327 MoreAbstractSince Persian r hythm is quantitative and depends on vowel duration, thefunction of stress is not studied carefully yet. This study aims at answering this question: to what extent Persian Poem depends on stress? For answering this question the sonnet number 327 was selected from Hafez and the acoustic features examined carefully. We asked a person who was familiar with prosodic features to read the sonnet twice by Praat Program. Then these data analyzed in three levels: foot, intonation and utterance level. The results reveal that the place of stress does not depend on prosodic features and is not predictable and stress pattern does not affect the rhythm of the Poetry.Then these data analyzed in three levels: foot, intonation and utterance level. The results reveal that the place of stress does not depend on prosodic features and is not predictable and stress pattern does not affect the rhythm of the Poetry. Key terms: stress, Persian Poem, Praat, phonology Manuscript profile -
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157 - The analysis non- verbal communication in khosro&shirin poem
afsane oladi hosayn parsaeiIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non- MoreIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non-verbal communication and audience get only 30% of The messages through word and speech.Nezami amazingly communicates to audience by creating different concepts and contexts throught coherence and body language Researching in interdisiplinary and communication sciences, The auther investigates The non- verbal communications in khosrou& shirin poem in this article, and attempts to Show the messages that the poet wanted to convey to the readers via non-verbal communication.Nezami has created a dramatic and romantic atmosphere by using the non-verbal functions of sign language, action language and the language of objects.This paper analyzes these functions.The result of the studies shows that body movements and eye contacts play a greal and important role in Conveying messages and synesis in The Field of Communication.Key words: non-verbal communication, lyricliterature, Body language, Language functions, khosrou&shirin poem. Manuscript profile -
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158 - An Analysis into Homay's journey to China in Homay and Homayoun poems by Khaju Kermani based on the ancient theory of the "The Hero's journey" by Joseph Campbell
Parvane fereydooni morteza razaghpoorArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics MoreArt and literature have a special place in Campbell's mythology, which is one of the most important study objects. Single myth is one of the mythological methods in the field of literature and art, both in the field of creation and in the field of understanding. Critics turn to a single myth to understand the works created in this way. Campbell has been more involved with literature than any other art. The ancient model of Hero's Journey by Campbell is written on three general lines of narrative- separation, arrival, and return, along with seventeen sub-categories, which ultimately pave the way for the hero's psychological development.The present study is a analytic-comparative study that was conducted in the statistical population of Homay and Homayoun poems, and analyzed Homay's journey to China based on Joseph Campbell's "Hero's Journey" theory. And the result of the study indicates that at the end of the journey, the hero has reached a psychological development and self-knowledge and gained identity. Manuscript profile -
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159 - A study of emotion different dimensions in Amir Khosro's lyric poems
Zahra L Labbafiyan yazd mahmoud sadeghzadeh Dr Hossein shahabrazaviEmotion is a reaction that human beings show to their inner and environmental experiences, and poetry begins with the domination of emotion and feeling over the poet's soul, and this element reflects how the poet reacts to events. Due to the quality of the poet's attitu MoreEmotion is a reaction that human beings show to their inner and environmental experiences, and poetry begins with the domination of emotion and feeling over the poet's soul, and this element reflects how the poet reacts to events. Due to the quality of the poet's attitude to the outside world and the events, emotion is the inner and spiritual feeling and background of the poem. Although the emotional stimulus of the artist depends on environmental and external factors, they are more dependent on the inside of the poet and have a direct relationship with the poet's inner feelings. Art is the arena to transfer emotion and it seems that it can be viewed from different dimensions due to the emotional range and importance of poem. Emotion is the most important element of poetry to which other elements should serve. The relationship between emotion and image, language, music, and atmosphere of the poem needs to be considered. The present study investigated the element of emotion in 60 lyric poems of Amir Khosro's lyric poems and showed the advantages and prominence of this element from different dimensions of these lyric poems. The results of this study were obtained based on bibliographic studies and descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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160 - Analysis of mystical themes in one hundred lyric poems of Kashan
Fazlollah Rezaei Ardani Gholamreza Hatafi ArdakaniKaleem Kashani is one of the famous lyric poets of the 11th century AH, whose lyricism shows signs of mysticism and Sufism. Mystical teachings in his sonnets express true or heavenly love. In this article, mystical subjects in a hundred lyric poems of Kaleem Kashani, kn MoreKaleem Kashani is one of the famous lyric poets of the 11th century AH, whose lyricism shows signs of mysticism and Sufism. Mystical teachings in his sonnets express true or heavenly love. In this article, mystical subjects in a hundred lyric poems of Kaleem Kashani, known as the creator of second meanings, have been studied randomly in order to depict the prominent manifestations of love and its perfection. In addition, in literary and mystical researches, Kaleem Introduce the title of mystic poet and finally point out that his lyrical lyric poems are a place to express high mystical meanings. The lyric poems of this creative poet have a mystical structure and he tries to find the precious gem of true love by designing mystical mechanisms. On this occasion, manifestations of mystical teachings have been included in his lyric poems. This article, by analyzing and describing mystical findings, intends to first analyze the mystical tendencies of Kaleem and examine and analyze them by mentioning examples of those examples. Examining the mystical teachings in the lyric poems of this poet, it is worthwhile to consider Kaleem as one of the mystics. Manuscript profile -
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161 - Critical Analaysis On Poems Ahmad Shamlou
Farzad Balal Gholamhosein Gholamhoseinzadeh Ghodratolah TaheriTill now, many researches in the forms of papers and books in the field of investigation and analysis of Ahmad Shamlou's poems have been written. In the present research, in the meanwhile by showing the historical path of written researches and investigation of their fo MoreTill now, many researches in the forms of papers and books in the field of investigation and analysis of Ahmad Shamlou's poems have been written. In the present research, in the meanwhile by showing the historical path of written researches and investigation of their formation sources, it was going to criticize and analyze the construction and contents of the written books and the eminent papers which have been combined in this field. The research method in this thesis is descriptive-analytical. The conducted investigations show that with formation of the Shamlou's style of poetry and his attention towards social and human issues, more researches have been formed in the field of poet's poems; so that within 1375-1385 it has a peak. Also, the obtained results show that from total of 303 papers which have the subject of investigation and analysis of the poet's poem have been written, 9 percents in the press, 8 percents in the research-scientific journals and 83 percents in scientific (review-propagational) have been published and distributed, also within the written papers, the research-scientific papers have a special importance and credit in comparison with the papers which have been published in the press and scientific journals (review-propagational), which among the most important reasons of this, explicit and clear language of writers in the mentioned papers, the mentioned issue-based researches, staying away from general statement and exact saying of details in this sort of papres can be mentioned. Among the researches which have been written in the form of book, "Travel Through Fog" written by Taghi Pournamdarian, "Amirzadeye Kashiha" written by Parvin Salajeghe, "Finger and Moon" written by Ain.Pashaei and "Poem of our Age" written by Mohammad Hoghoghi have special importance and credit and are popular among readers; this has caused many re-publication of the mentioned books in various eras. the reasons of importance and credit of the mentioned works can be summarized: 1-fluent and clear of writers in subjects and issues; 2-hesitate from general statement and exact saying of details; 3-illuminating of dimensions and various angles of construction and content of poet's poem. Manuscript profile -
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162 - A Study on External Music in Sanai Ghaznavi’s Lyrics
Khalil Hadidi Fatemeh ShekhlovandLiterature has boundless capacity with literary context in the form of poem, prose or both of them. The different between poem and prose is that poem has special music feeling and imagination that is more powerful than prose, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that p MoreLiterature has boundless capacity with literary context in the form of poem, prose or both of them. The different between poem and prose is that poem has special music feeling and imagination that is more powerful than prose, but it doesn’t necessarily mean that prose is unfilled with music. There are different styles of music in poetry which one of them is external music related to poem rhythm. One of the famous and powerful poets in Persian literature is Sanaee Ghaznavi who used this music skillfully. There are a few rhythm deficiencies in his lyrics indicating that form has an importance value in Persian poetry as well as the meaning and content. This paper aims at analyzing the external music in Sanaee Ghaznavi’s poetry. Manuscript profile -
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163 - The reflection of social issues in the poems of Shirkoo Bikas
payman tabari Sayyed Ahmad Parsa Mohammad Ali GozashtiShirkoo Bikas (1940-2013) is a pioneer Contemporary Kurdish poet and the winner of Swidish literal award of “Tokholoski” in 1987-1988. he also won the title of “Fello- citizen” from the greatest civil society of Florance. the topic of the s MoreShirkoo Bikas (1940-2013) is a pioneer Contemporary Kurdish poet and the winner of Swidish literal award of “Tokholoski” in 1987-1988. he also won the title of “Fello- citizen” from the greatest civil society of Florance. the topic of the study is” the reflection of social issues in the poems of Shirkoo Bikas” the purposes of the study are the introduction of this competent poet to the non-kurdish- speaking people, the better knowledge to the literal techniques in the expression of one of the pivotal issues of his poem(freedom), and a better knowing of the poems of a contemporary poet. Statistic population is descriptive and based on his poems translated to pers ian. the data have been gathered by the libray method and analyzed by the technique of content analysis. the results show that the depiction of the fearful atmosphere of Iraqi society during the Ba,th government, the expression of the pain and fortures of the society and the issues like this have given a new manifestation to the freedom in his poems, which the images created by the poet with this concept is a justification of this issue. Manuscript profile -
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164 - Study of the role of social events in the selection of poems of the poems of Kaiser Aminpoor
Armaqan Behdarvand Ahmad Hosaini Kazerooni sayed Jafar HamidiToday's poetry, with the timeline of Nima Yoshij, has undergone a transformation in form and in-depth. Nima made the poet today familiar with society and became the most sociable poet of his time. After Nima, his students' innovations in the 1930s and 40s paved the way MoreToday's poetry, with the timeline of Nima Yoshij, has undergone a transformation in form and in-depth. Nima made the poet today familiar with society and became the most sociable poet of his time. After Nima, his students' innovations in the 1930s and 40s paved the way for this poem. The rise of the Iranian uprising in the fifties led to the emergence of new literature. The revolution is the largest possible social transformation of any nation, and the Islamic Revolution of Iran, given its enormous popular support, promises a clear eye to its creators. Poets, as the foremost members of the social institution, always play a role in social ups and downs. Therefore, in the context of the artistic creation of poets, the dynamics of the social events of the age of the poet can be discovered, extracted and analyzed. In this analytical-descriptive study, three periods of revolution, war, postwar period in five poetry books "In the Sun", "Morning Breath", "Suddenly Mirrors", "All Flowers" Sunflowers "and" Grammar of Love "have been evaluated. The most important achievement and the result of this research was the attention of the entire poet to the social events of his time, which makes this possible subject of the poet's development and change. Manuscript profile -
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165 - Patriotism in the Works of Shuubiya Era's
Basharat Perme Nahid JafariPatriotism is one of mankind’s reflections and a symbol of national identity in different eras. Patriotism in Persian poetry has two aspects: When the country is conquered by invading country/ countries and when the awakening occurs. The second occurs in awakening MorePatriotism is one of mankind’s reflections and a symbol of national identity in different eras. Patriotism in Persian poetry has two aspects: When the country is conquered by invading country/ countries and when the awakening occurs. The second occurs in awakening era. Many believe that the concept of patriotism in Persian poetry was rather promoted in constitutional era. So the main question of this study is: What factors affected the concept of homeland in different eras of persion poetry? This study attempts to be based on Shuubiya both politically and socially. The study of Shuubiyya era indicates that Patriotism was rather affected by racial and ethical issues. Manuscript profile -
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166 - The Criticizing of the Lyric Poems of Hafez According of Formalists
Masood SepahvandiFormalists consider literary works without concentration of ersonality,spiritual,and beliefs of writer.According to them, a litrary work is an absolute form.Ther MoreFormalists consider literary works without concentration of ersonality,spiritual,and beliefs of writer.According to them, a litrary work is an absolute form.Therefore, in confronting to a literary work, form is important,and not meaning.They believe that the literary world is different from the real world,and it is not expected to gain knowledge from literary works. According to formalists, literary feats is worth to criticize because of their clear language, syntax, and artistic methods. The poems of Hafez which is a high example of eloquence,the delicacy of the poetic style and sentences, the miracle of speech, and the kinds of ambiguity ,obscurity,symmetry, paradox, and the rules of phonetics, meaning, and even spiritual matters,is one of the suitable texts to criticize according to formalists. In this paper, the writer criticizes a lyric poem of this poet from the view of formalists. Manuscript profile -
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167 - An Investigation on Reflection of Realism in Laahuti’s Poetry
Morteza Ruzzagh poor Somayye NoushabadiThe realism school is one of the most essential schools of art established in the middle of nineteenth century in France and developed rapidly. The abstaining of romantic im MoreThe realism school is one of the most essential schools of art established in the middle of nineteenth century in France and developed rapidly. The abstaining of romantic imagination and inspiration and paying attention to the reality of external world was the most essential elements of this school which attracted the poets, authors and artists. Accompanied with the constitutionalist’s activities in Iran, the poets and authors who tried to display the external realities and degeneration and retardation of the country applied this artistic insight, almost imperfectly, and they also employed it for revolutionary purposes. The age of constitution should be counted as the important moment of dragging the Persian poetry to the private life of people and the problems of society and in general total inclination to the realism. Among the poets, Abolghaasem- e-Laahuti, by intense tendency to the left proceeding, pays attention to the country`s circumstances. This paper tries to investigate Laahuti’s poetry to find the realistic elements in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
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168 - A Study of Imagination in the Sayed Yaaghob Mahidashti Poem
Masoud Bavanpouri Tahere Ishani Vahid SajadifarImagination that is the key element in poem, is the communication bridge between the feelings and thoughts and the poet's words that emotion is conveyed through it and it is the criterion measure for a literary work Sayed Yaaghob Mahidashti is Kurdish poet a poem book i MoreImagination that is the key element in poem, is the communication bridge between the feelings and thoughts and the poet's words that emotion is conveyed through it and it is the criterion measure for a literary work Sayed Yaaghob Mahidashti is Kurdish poet a poem book in Kalhori dialect which has been collected by the efforts of Mohammad Ali Soltanii.This powerful poet has used imagery to explain and convey meanings in their poem book. Metaphor is the most important pillar of expression ability and its analysis in terms of structure and content can also be an expression of poets own language. This paper has attempted to assess metaphor’s theoretical bases using analytical - descriptive methods by giving examples of metaphors used in this poem book and describing him in terms of form, use of connectives and quasits, clears to readers the poet's ability how to convey concepts and explain ends of words and influence of words of these two to. Manuscript profile -
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169 - Colour,s world in the Bissarani,s poetical work
Mahin KarimiIt has been for a long time that Color has had an important role in literature.poets are of/ a group of people who have used the colour element (base)for creating words and poetic pictures to show their work more impressive and leading.Undoubtedly, studying and investig MoreIt has been for a long time that Color has had an important role in literature.poets are of/ a group of people who have used the colour element (base)for creating words and poetic pictures to show their work more impressive and leading.Undoubtedly, studying and investigating all the elements of a literary work is very important in the true identity of that work. In this research, in the descriptive-analytical method and (by) using the interdisciplinary knowledge of literature, sociology and psychology, describing and criticizing the aesthetics of colour in poems of one of the outstanding poets, Huraman , has been dealt with. researchers' purpose includes The study of colour and the method / the way it is used in the Bissarani's poetical works can open a new window for more discovery of / more knowledge about that valuable work and (also) its great poet. It has been tried / endeavoured that all the colours which exist in the Bissarani's poetical works be examined from the point of view of psychology and aesthetics through mentioning examples , Bissarani's world and colour running of different aspects of his life be imagined in his poems and a window be opened to the poet's perception and sensation. The black colour is more frequent than rest of the other colours. However, the excessive repetition of the black colour in a literary work can be a reflection / an indication of the hopelessness as well as the life's difficulties, hardships which (this) is a negative aspect of the black colour. The black colour, however, has been used for the description of eye and eyebrows and hair/ringlet / lock of hair of a / of one's sweetheart and also creation of beautiful images beside the white colour of her face which this is the positive aspect of the black colour. Manuscript profile -
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170 - Self Criticism Analysis of Anvari ode in Reproach of Poetry
Hosein Khosravi Hosein YazdaniThis article has been review the 184th ode poetry of complete work of Anvari. In the first part, a short and compact report of concepts was given and appropriateness of the form and content has been studied briefly.Then the Anvari motivation in reproach of poetry, poetr MoreThis article has been review the 184th ode poetry of complete work of Anvari. In the first part, a short and compact report of concepts was given and appropriateness of the form and content has been studied briefly.Then the Anvari motivation in reproach of poetry, poetry from the perspective of culture and society in the era of Anvari was investigated and the possibility of taking influence from other poets including Kasaii, Naserkhosro and Sanaii has been considerated. After reviewing the form and content, it became clear that this ode poem is set as reality (true) and truly poems. At the final part of the article, after several hypotheses proposed for the main motive of Anvari poetry reproach, it was proved that because of advantage of Benefit from the grace and perfection, he detracted the poetry and because of the financial need he forced to do panegyric to the chorus. After years of poetry he was not satisfied with his records and critiqued them. Manuscript profile -
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171 - The study of Intertextuality in subversions and commercials
Khalil Nemat Jafar HakimLiterary criticism, text analysis and their effect on the world literary and art creativity, texts relationship or intertextual topics from the view of literary critics and thinkers, since the twentieth century have become very important and have had different reflecti MoreLiterary criticism, text analysis and their effect on the world literary and art creativity, texts relationship or intertextual topics from the view of literary critics and thinkers, since the twentieth century have become very important and have had different reflections in the cultural world. Some experts believe that all the texts are somehow related and no new text will come into existence without any relationship to previous texts. They think the individual knowledge and awareness is the product of the group knowledge and awareness. The meaning of any literal text, either prose or verse, cannot be fully understood without being aware of the governing traditions over the previous related texts. In other words, all the texts, including literary and nonliterary texts do not have an independent identity. This process which is called intertextuality, deals with the presence of a text in another text and with the omission of some concepts such as author, history and society, it studies the text independent of the author but dependent on other texts. However, in intertextual relationship studies finding these traces are not enough and we should see what the author has done with the elements taken from other works. This article tries to investigate the intertextual relationship in subversions and commercials. Manuscript profile -
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172 - Therapy, Different Function for poetry
Shabnam HatampourPoetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature MorePoetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature in the new era. Poetry therapy begin as new treatment for depressed patients in America, and find benefit results. Statistical society is 30 person of adult's that joined in 8 session selection of poems fare mindfully contents challenge. After doing pretest and posttest determine that: 1- depress men and women express effective behavior than poem. 2- Poem with themes challenge can détente out of depress individuals. 3- Men than women express better reaction than therapy with poem. 4- Poem avgmentsoptimism of men and women. It seems that more research about content of Persian poem that ability to therapy, introduction this therapy and proposed species in world and that institutionalize in health care centers of country. Manuscript profile -
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173 - In Quest of Nowhere )The Comparative study of Utopia in Jobran Khalil Jobran and Sohrab Sepehri)
Faroogh NematiFor poets and authors, Utopia is nowhere, all humans search it, in order to get rid of crulity. This dream abounds the romantic poet’s minds, because they take refugee in their artifitial worlds which they imagine them. Jobran khalil Jobran and Sohrab Sepehri are MoreFor poets and authors, Utopia is nowhere, all humans search it, in order to get rid of crulity. This dream abounds the romantic poet’s minds, because they take refugee in their artifitial worlds which they imagine them. Jobran khalil Jobran and Sohrab Sepehri are two romantic, contemporary, Persian and Arabic poets who depend on utopia in their poems in the mystical, suffistic ways. Sohrab describes ″The Beyond seas″, ″Nowhere″, and ″The Above Oasis″ as the symbols of Utopia, instead Jobran uses ″jungle″. They use love, fair, beauty, virtue, and understanding as the characteristics of Ideal world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Influence of Common Persian Rhythms on Persian’s Arabic Poems During Sixth and Seventh Centuries
As’ad sheikhahmadiOne of the most important issues in comparative literature is the investigation and analyzing the relationship between the literature of creative languages and their influences on each other. Although Arabic literature hav MoreOne of the most important issues in comparative literature is the investigation and analyzing the relationship between the literature of creative languages and their influences on each other. Although Arabic literature have influenced on most of the Persian literay works, in this essay the common rhythms 0f persian poems that lnfluence on persian’s Arabic poems during sixth and seventh centueries will be disscussed .Whereas common rhythms 0f persian classical poems is caused of Arabic poems, persian poets have applied it to Persian structure . In addition to use Arabic meters, the persian poets considered Persian meters in their Arabic poems. In this essay the differences between common rhythms in Arabic and Persian poems are disscused by means of reliable refrences. The tresults demonstrates that the most bilingual and Arabic poems found in works of Iranian poets, in rhythem and method of poetry, are influenced by Persian poems. In fact these poets said Arabic in Persian form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The ideals World of Maroof Rasafi
Mostafa YeganiPoetry of Rosafi is like a mirror that reflects people’s life. His poetry is the best document to assess the situation of Iraq in the nineteenth and twentieth Century. He has seen all the social problems of his time and have tasted the bitter taste of the p MorePoetry of Rosafi is like a mirror that reflects people’s life. His poetry is the best document to assess the situation of Iraq in the nineteenth and twentieth Century. He has seen all the social problems of his time and have tasted the bitter taste of the problem. Problems such as poverty, illiteracy, men and women, war, oppression,etc. He is a poet of great and famous Arab world and one of the most influential poets in the Arab world and Iraq. He used poetry as a means to express his thoughts. Among the poets he is loyal to the people. He is a classic poet in form but in the themes is developed. In his poem he talks against oppression, ignorance, illiteracy and backwardness. He Strongly criticizes the political and social situation and defines an ideal society; a society without poverty, illiteracy, injustice and war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - A Semiotic Analysis on Hafiz Poems Based on C.S. Peirce’s Theory on hope symbols
Nasrin AiniThe objective of this study is to find out the use of hope symbol in Hafiz poem. This study applied library research and compiled data were analyzed through descriptive analysis method. This method tried to describe, explain and analyze the using of symbol using semioti MoreThe objective of this study is to find out the use of hope symbol in Hafiz poem. This study applied library research and compiled data were analyzed through descriptive analysis method. This method tried to describe, explain and analyze the using of symbol using semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Pierce. The unit of analysis of this research is gazal and all 495 gazal of hafiz is considered. They were chosen to find the symbols. For the semiotic analysis, the researcher marked the data by choosing poems that were containing symbols. There were reading the poems intensely, and classifying the data containing symbol: categorizing the symbol so that could be understood each other in categorizing that symbol the writer put them in the table by synchronizing each symbol with each poem interpreting the meaning of that symbol After that it could be concluded that there are 18 gazal about hope that God is the most merciful and there are 15 gazal about hope for future, that there are 20 gazal about life expectancy or hope for last living with different symbol with different meaning and function .differences had given the different ideas. From semiotic of hafiz poem would like to convey the idea about hopefulness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Stylish Study of “The Eagle” by Khanlari, from the View Point of Language Literature and Thought Characteristics
Nafise Nik KhahPaviz Natel Khanlari is one of the prominent faces of the persio culture and literature in the contemporary periods. The most selected poetical collection of Khanlari is "The Moon in lagoon" and the most well-known his poem is a poetical song with the title of "eagle" i MorePaviz Natel Khanlari is one of the prominent faces of the persio culture and literature in the contemporary periods. The most selected poetical collection of Khanlari is "The Moon in lagoon" and the most well-known his poem is a poetical song with the title of "eagle" in 1318 which consists of new understanding from the old narrative in form of Mathnavi (couplet poet) pattern. This poem possesses eloquence and lingual characteristics and unique characterization which has distinguished that from other poems. Furthermore, the mental atmosphere dominant on this work includes expressing powers which had ever been in struggle within Khanlari and sometimes one had preference over the other, but he couldn’t t never reject truth and humanity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Comparative Worship and its genetical position in the Hafez poems and Plato's thought
azam etemadifard There are so many matters and topics, among indelible literary works of different nations, that if their contents would be studied, we will get opportunities of their challenges and debates that make their study rational. Worship and its genetical po More There are so many matters and topics, among indelible literary works of different nations, that if their contents would be studied, we will get opportunities of their challenges and debates that make their study rational. Worship and its genetical position, also, is a topic that is ignored in Hafez poems and Plato works. This topic is referred to the topic of love and based on creation and Man’s nature considering the Human nature and Alast promise (the promise that was given to God by his creatures in the world before this world), in the Hafez words, and considering the ideas before The descent of the Spirit in the Flesh, in the Plato’s words. By the importance of these topics in Iran’s literature and Western philosophy and necessity of clarifying of concerned issue to bring man to eternal bliss, this research tries to study these two kinds of works in an analytical-comparative manner. Findings show that the similarity, synonymy, and same meaning, in spite of long time between them, show that they ask to Man’s nature by intrinsic seeking prosperity and they say that love is integrated to Huma’s spirit and help him to pass spiritual levels toward God till eternal Companionship to him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Shades of Sándor Petőfi on “SAYEH”
mohammadreza masoumi It can be said that all political revolutions in the world are formed from various waves, including economic wave, cultural wave, social wave (with the aim of social justice) and other waves and movements. The literature, as well, is a vast and powerful wave that More It can be said that all political revolutions in the world are formed from various waves, including economic wave, cultural wave, social wave (with the aim of social justice) and other waves and movements. The literature, as well, is a vast and powerful wave that in addition to its impact, has the ability to influence revolutionary currents and movements. However the plurality of waves always cause the interference of popular masses and artistic and literary works of these frightening flames of the revolutions, can represent these masses In this paper we have tried to show the influence of Hungarian revolutionary poet Sándor Petőfi on social-revolutionary poems of Amir Hushang Ebtehaj “Shadow”, and in addition point out the similarities between the life and status of society these poets havelived in. societies that bear the burden of injustice and poverty, and those which ultimately bring out the sound of their masses’ sea of anger to those who have been sitting happily on the shore and smiling, by their artists and particularly poets’ voice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The influence of Shahnameh on the literature of the people of Kazakhstan
seied mohamad kamaladdini seied shahab kamaladdini Ferdowsi literature on other countries, including Kazakh literature has influenced; Kazakh epic wish to have to pay. Kazakh poets and writers of the Shahnameh is considered in two parts; Some of them were given some epic themes, stories, and they mimic the shape More Ferdowsi literature on other countries, including Kazakh literature has influenced; Kazakh epic wish to have to pay. Kazakh poets and writers of the Shahnameh is considered in two parts; Some of them were given some epic themes, stories, and they mimic the shape and added new stuff and writing of prose epic, and have Rostmnamh; The courage of the heroes of the epic resembles the epic and poetic traditions of Kazakh people is so epic written narrative and anecdotes high reputation among the Cossacks. Comparison of the Kazakh epic tales of heroic and epic can be concluded that many of the events and personalities as well as their epic Kazakh literature. Cossack hero, Lpamys, like Rustam fought to preserve their land to rise. The epic Shahnameh and Lpamys writing literary masterpieces, spur national pride of the country to keep the enemies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - A comparative study of Ashura lament in Minab and Muscat
Babak Dehghani Mohammad Aref Parnaz Godarzparvari Hasan RiyahiMourning is different in Minab and Muscat, on the shores of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. It is obvious that Ashura poems in "Minab" and "Muscat" are very different in various aspects, including "literature" (language, dialect, dialect).In Minab, most people s MoreMourning is different in Minab and Muscat, on the shores of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. It is obvious that Ashura poems in "Minab" and "Muscat" are very different in various aspects, including "literature" (language, dialect, dialect).In Minab, most people speak Persian. Therefore; Most of the poems in this region are in Persian, which is sometimes recited in the Minabi dialect. There is a great variety of Minabi laments in terms of weight. Minab Ashura poems have been composed in the form of Masnavi, Mustazad, Tarji Band, Ode, Ghazal, Bahr Tavil, etc., which causes a variety of themes and weights. In Muscat, the capital of Oman, the common language is Arabic. Therefore, the lamentations of this region are in Arabic. In Minab, Ashura ceremonies, whether Ashura poetry night or Ashura ceremonies, are held in the form of non-governmental organizations and the majority of people are interested in this ceremony, but in Oman and this issue, it is different in Muscat. The predominant religion in Muscat is Sunni. Therefore; These ceremonies are also held at the Iranian embassy, which can be used by the Shiites of this region. In the end, it is concluded that although the lament in Minab is different from the lament in Muscat in terms of language, but it has commonalities such as the use of literary arrays, content, and so on.The necessity of conducting this research is determined by the position and importance of Ashura among Muslims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - A look at what the concepts of "Human Dignity", "Social Justice" and "Freedom" mean In Hafez's lyric poems and the UN Declaration of Human Rights
ezzat khalighi Saeid Roozbahani Abolghasem Amirahmadi The concept of Human Rights is respected in all cultures and numerous laws have been enacted in this regard, and it is not necessarily limited to the contemporary era. As literature is a manifestation of culture reflected in the context of society, it reflects exa More The concept of Human Rights is respected in all cultures and numerous laws have been enacted in this regard, and it is not necessarily limited to the contemporary era. As literature is a manifestation of culture reflected in the context of society, it reflects examples of human rights. In the field of Persian literature, Hafez in the mirror of the Divan of Ghazals, while dealing with lyrical, romantic, mystical and ... issues, has also spoken about Human Rights issues. In various verses, he has repeatedly objected to the shortcomings of Human Rights and called on his audience to directly and indirectly adhere to its principles. To achieve this goal, Hafez has made innovations, including the development of Rend's personality. In this study, citing library sources and descriptive-analytical method, the concepts of "Human dignity", "social justice" and "freedom" in Hafez's sonnets (with an approach to Rand actions) and the UN Declaration of Human Rights have been explored. . The results of the research show that Hafez's creation in the Divan of Ghazals was a critical and protest attempt to highlight the deprivations related to Human Rights in Iranian society and to increase the scope of knowledge and insight of the oppressed people. Also, in this way, the "insider / foreigner" dichotomy in the whole political structure of Iranian society is described. Another is that The concepts mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have no roots exclusively in the contemporary world and go beyond time and geographical boundaries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Investigation and reflection of social issues in contemporary poetry based on Hossein Manzavi's ghazals
Zainab Watankhah Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Maryam Parhizkari Lyrical literature is the oldest type of literature in which the poet displays his existential truth and expresses his personal feelings towards life and society, in such a way that social realities and society can be objectively reflected in a detailed and limi More Lyrical literature is the oldest type of literature in which the poet displays his existential truth and expresses his personal feelings towards life and society, in such a way that social realities and society can be objectively reflected in a detailed and limited way. He saw literary works. The purpose of studying societies in poetry is to analyze the social concerns and issues of that period. Hossein Manzavi is one of the greatest ghazal writers of the present era, who is famous for his romantic ghazal; the subject of his sonnets is mostly about love, yet he has addressed social and political issues in his sonnets. The lover in the isolated sonnet has taken on a different face and this indicates the poet's different attitude towards the subject of love. Manzavi has a personal and special style in his descriptions, which distinguishes his poetry from other contemporary poets. In his lyrical compositions, different and dual themes can be seen around lyrical, social and religious topics and issues. In this research, the author is trying to analyze the social and related issues in isolated sonnets with descriptive-analytical method and library tools and to answer the question, what are the most important social issues used in isolated sonnets? The result of the research indicates that the poet was able to create a new language to express love in such a way that this distinction and duality of approach can be seen in his romantic sonnets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Investigation and comparison of peripheral and psychic states in the poems of Alaadullah Biabanki
, Saeed Karkabadi, mashoor Parvin Dokht, Farzad, Abbasi Mahboubeh Zia KhodadadianOne of the issues that the mysticism of all nations revolves around is the issue of discovery and intuition. In general, mystical revelations in the Divan of Ala al-Dawla Biyabanki can be divided into two categories: formal and spiritual discovery and intuition, and eac MoreOne of the issues that the mysticism of all nations revolves around is the issue of discovery and intuition. In general, mystical revelations in the Divan of Ala al-Dawla Biyabanki can be divided into two categories: formal and spiritual discovery and intuition, and each of them has its types. These formal and spiritual revelations in some respects with the theory of W.T. Stacey is applicable to discovery and intuition. In this research, the revelations of Ala al-Dawlah based on formal and spiritual conditions have been studied and then their common features such as feeling of trust, objectivity, happiness, etc. have been explained. Of course, in some of these cases, Stacey's view differs or is not compatible with some of the characteristics of Islamic revelation. In addition, the specific characteristics of formal and spiritual states have been studied, and we have finally come to the conclusion that the revelations of Ala 'al-Dawlah, in addition to conforming to some patterns of Western mysticism, are unique in their kind and in some ways superior to Western mysticism. In this research, the author also tries to answer the question of descriptive-analytical method and library method whether the poems of Ala Al-Dawlah, in spite of their abundance, expressions related to discovery and intuition, adaptability and classification in the field of literary type "Literature" Does it have "prophecies and revelations" or not? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Quranic foundations of the necessity of resistance in Persian poems
sayyd hosin formibaf kamal khajepour aboalghasem asi moznabResistance is one of the natural things that its necessity has been beautifully discussed in Persian poetry and the principles of this necessity have been emphasized in the verses of the Qur'an. God Almighty, on the one hand, forbids Muslims from compromising and surren MoreResistance is one of the natural things that its necessity has been beautifully discussed in Persian poetry and the principles of this necessity have been emphasized in the verses of the Qur'an. God Almighty, on the one hand, forbids Muslims from compromising and surrendering to their opponents, and on the other hand, emphasizes the need for patience and perseverance in the face of enemies. The Qur'an and Islamic traditions consider the cost of compromise and surrender to the enemies to be much heavier than resistance and perseverance. Islam is a religion of moderation and resistance and stability against the factors that upset the balance of society - both internally and externally. In Persian poetry, resistance is considered necessary both for its current goodness and for having divine goals and social effects. These matters are among the intellectual foundations and ideas of resistance which are clearly explained and detailed in the Qur'an. The present article deals with the descriptive and analytical method of the Quranic principles of the necessity of resistance that have been raised in Persian poems. The results show the need for resistance in Persian poetry in various aspects of the current goodness such as purposefulness, holiness and .... and having divine goals such as preventing false domination, the dignity of the religion of God and ... and social effects such as community pride, the spread of justice Nourishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Historical process of Iranian music from ancient era until emergence of Safawids
hamidreza safakish mahmoud seyedIranians believe that music is soul’s food and perfected form of human art which is created for making deep emotions in listeners’ heart. The value and importance of this art in history is its role to balance between people so is said that where talk MoreIranians believe that music is soul’s food and perfected form of human art which is created for making deep emotions in listeners’ heart. The value and importance of this art in history is its role to balance between people so is said that where talk stops, the music starts. Human beings have demanded to find a remedy for decreasing their pains and anxieties, put them in a timeless world and complete their psychological – spiritual and godly recognition. The author in this article is going to survey and study the historical process of music and the change of elements which have effected on its promotion and its fall from the ancient era until safawids. Manuscript profile -
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187 - بررسی روحیه پایداری جوانان در اشعار شاعران زن معاصر (ژاله قائم مقامی و پروین اعتصامی و سیمین بهبهانی)
مکرمه حمیدی حسینعلی پاشاپسندی حسین پارساییپژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی چگونگی ارتباط جوانان با مقولهی مقاومت و پایداری در اشعار شاعران زن معاصر ایران؛ ژاله قائم مقامی، پروین اعتصامی و سیمین بهبهانی و تأثیر اشعار آنها بر اهداف و روحیات جوانان نگاشته شده است. در این پژوهش سعی شده تا دیدگاههای این شعرا را در مورد ج Moreپژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی چگونگی ارتباط جوانان با مقولهی مقاومت و پایداری در اشعار شاعران زن معاصر ایران؛ ژاله قائم مقامی، پروین اعتصامی و سیمین بهبهانی و تأثیر اشعار آنها بر اهداف و روحیات جوانان نگاشته شده است. در این پژوهش سعی شده تا دیدگاههای این شعرا را در مورد جوانان و پایداری مورد مطالعه قرار دهیم. لذا روشی که در این تحقیق به کار بستیم توصیفی - تحلیلی بوده و شیوهی جمعآوری اطلاعات کتابخانهای است که از کتاب، فیش، نرمافزارهای ادبی به عنوان ابزار این تحقیق استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد فضای اجتماعی دوران معاصر زمینه را برای خلق این اشعار از طرف شعرای زن معاصر بسیار مهیا کرده بود و بر روحیهی ایستادگی جوانان مؤثر واقع گردیده بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Analysis of Palm's Place in Lyrical Poetry and Folk Culture of Jahrom
Fatemeh Taslim jahromiLyrical poetry literally means singing, hymn and melody, and the term refers to a poem that expresses the personal feelings and emotions of the poet. In this definition, the poet's birth and environment and his feelings towards it and its manifestations are also include MoreLyrical poetry literally means singing, hymn and melody, and the term refers to a poem that expresses the personal feelings and emotions of the poet. In this definition, the poet's birth and environment and his feelings towards it and its manifestations are also included. Jahrom has been called the "palm forest" in the past that it has been a sign of the mass of palm trees in the city. Palm also plays an important role in people's traditions, customs, beliefs and folk beliefs and it has made this tree and its related matters widely present in the oral and folk lyrical literature of Jahrom and there are also metonymy, proverbs till poems, folk songs and folk and rhythmic short story about this tree in Jahrom. In this way, palms and dates are important manifestations of Jahrom folk lyrical poetry and its analysis helps to know the mental and psychological backgrounds of the people of this city. The most important contexts of the presence of this tree in the local and lyrical literature of Jahrom are in the nostalgic contexts and the expression of separation and sorrow and the situation of the lover and the beloved. This article with field and library reviews with descriptive and analytical study of the plase and importance of this tree in the oral lyrical literature of the people of Jahrom and has provided various examples of it. Manuscript profile -
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189 - Image and imagery in the lyric poem of Nowrooz and Nowgol
Hafez HatamiImage and imaging is one of the most prominent elements in the field of aesthetics, including the attributes of literary and artistic works. Today, the critical look at literary works from the poient of view of creating new, pure and nugget images is one of the serious MoreImage and imaging is one of the most prominent elements in the field of aesthetics, including the attributes of literary and artistic works. Today, the critical look at literary works from the poient of view of creating new, pure and nugget images is one of the serious issues in traditional linguistic studies, critique and literary theory, especially in the study of formalism and structuralism schools.the purpose of this essay is discuss the types of images of the lyric poem of Nowrooz and Nowgol Arman Rakian , which has just enterd the market. The research is done by descriptive documentation and finally, content analysis and based on the finding. In the course of this research with the introduction of various simple imagery, numerous and extensive and gradually moving away from traditional methods of payment in the form of example of imaginary in the field of science of figurative language, rhetoric and and figures of speech to explore new elements, multi-layerd images types of metaphors in you, combined with myths, archetype narrative and even narrative and description. Manuscript profile -
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190 - Analysis the Syntactic Role of Adverb and Adjective in Illuminating the Genre of the Poetry: A Case Study of Literary Type of The Noon of the Tenth Day, The Footsteps of Water, The Tale of the Petrified City
Seyed Hossein Vahid arab ahmad zakriThe literary genre of narrative poetry plays an important role in communicating with audience and is vital in preserving and transferring history and culture of a nation. Poems of The Noon of the 10th Day by Aminpour, The Tale of the Petrified city by Akhavan-Sales and MoreThe literary genre of narrative poetry plays an important role in communicating with audience and is vital in preserving and transferring history and culture of a nation. Poems of The Noon of the 10th Day by Aminpour, The Tale of the Petrified city by Akhavan-Sales and The Footsteps of Water by Sepehri are the bases of analysis in this study. The present study formed on the basic enquiry as to how the syntactic and semantic role of “adverb and adjective” is in the three poets’ thoughts formed, what beliefs are transferred and what the stylistic parameters are. The current study implemented descriptive-analytical research method and by means of “modality in adverb and adjective” measured poet’s thought reflection in text and his positioning by analyzing the function of adverb and adjective in text. The outcomes of this study indicates that idealistic thoughts, realism and morbidity flow in these poems. These new genres of lyrical literature are considered as “subtype and as lyrical literature derivatives”. The Footsteps of Water and The Noon of 10th Day are “realistic and affective” in style but The Tale of the petrified City is “realistic” only. Aminpour’s orientation in poetry theme is an upfront one but the orientation of Sepehri and Akhavan-Sales are upfront and hidden at the same time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - An Analysis on Simplification in Bijan Jalali's Lyrics
Davood Malekzaade Abdul-Hossein Farzad Mansoureh SabetzadeBijan Jalali was one of the first poets to turn to prose poetry in simple language from the beginning, and his choice was not due to the development of modern poetry in Iran, especially Nima, but due to his presence in France and the influence of European literature. Ja MoreBijan Jalali was one of the first poets to turn to prose poetry in simple language from the beginning, and his choice was not due to the development of modern poetry in Iran, especially Nima, but due to his presence in France and the influence of European literature. Jalali’s poetry neither is half-hearted nor has the characteristics of white poetry, and in a sense it can be considered as a mediator between poetry and prose or white poetry or prose poetry. The kind of glorious expression in simplification and shorthand is a reflection of his life that has been internalized in the poet, so it is not acquired or artificial. After the forties and fifties, and the decline of symbolic and ideological expression, new poets, especially the new generation, have turned to glorious poetry. The point that has been neglected in introduction and review of Bijan Jalali's poems in the shadow of his simplification is his romances. At a glance, it seems that the poet has a tendency towards nature and mysticism, and the mentality of single life but his love poems have been ignored. The love we are talking about here is different from the love of nature and God and animals. Specifically, we are talking about earthly love and women, which has been addressed directly and indirectly in various collections. After studying Jalali's poems, the frequency of romances in different periods of his life is so great that makes it possible to publish a book solely on a selection of his romance poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Classification and Analysis of Childlessness in Persian Love Poems
Azam Hosseini Hasan ZolfaghariOne of the narrative themes in love poems is the infertility of the lovers' parents. This theme is not one of the main themes, but it is the point of entry of lovers into the story So the author uses all his art to describe it as a beautiful and memorable event. This re MoreOne of the narrative themes in love poems is the infertility of the lovers' parents. This theme is not one of the main themes, but it is the point of entry of lovers into the story So the author uses all his art to describe it as a beautiful and memorable event. This research seeks to classify infertility in Persian love poems by describing and analyzing the content of the text. What role does each of these classifications and subspecies play in the narrative? For this purpose, the book "One Hundred Persian Love Poems" (Zolfaghari, 2015) is the basis of the work. According to the results, in thirty poems, the parents of lovers have suffered from infertility and in many cases, have been worried about the throne of their heirs. They have children in various ways (having children through prayer and charity, helping a dervish by eating blessings, having children outside the womb or with the presence of only one parent, hiding the birth or abandonment of a child, and predicting the birth of a child) has fallen. The evolution of this theme shows that its use began with mythology and was very primitive and naive in folk tales. The authors of Persian love poems of the fourth to ninth centuries, using their taste, have used it in various forms. From the ninth century onwards, nothing new is added to it and it is a repetition of the previous ones. Its peak was in the twelfth century due to the rise of Indian systematists and the rise of idealism. The role of this theme in the narrative structure of the love story is that the author, by portraying the difficult parenting of children, prepares the audience's mind for the events formed by these children in the continuation of the story, and increases the actions and thus the story's appeal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Description of the Center and the Type of Narration of the Illustrated Manuscript of Khamseh of Nizami in Relationship Between Text and Image
Farzaneh Mehryar Shahrzad Niazi Mortaza RashidiNizami’s Khamseh is the poems has been repeatedly copied in the illustrated and non-illustrated forms during the time. Illustrated manuscripts have in addition poems, the meaning concepts of illustration and it is because of being relation among poems and its illu MoreNizami’s Khamseh is the poems has been repeatedly copied in the illustrated and non-illustrated forms during the time. Illustrated manuscripts have in addition poems, the meaning concepts of illustration and it is because of being relation among poems and its illustrations. This paper, introduce illustrations of Haft Peikar of Nizami’s Khamseh’s manuscripts by Descriptive-analytical method. They are as following, university of Tehran’s manuscript- code 5179, Shahid Motahhari’s -code 400, America Library of Congress, Kakh Golestan -code 1951, Islamic Consultative Assembly-code 930, National library-code5-15275 of N. L. digital, National library-code 3058256 of N. L. digital. Due to the relation between illustration and poems, being aware of the number as well as the subject of illustrations and the main focus of their narrative, is important for later research in this field. The paper says that in the above manuscripts, Bahram Gour is the main focus of the narrative and most frequently revolves around his presence in seven domes while the painter is not completely bound to the text. Manuscript profile -
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194 - An investigation of Rhymes and Rows Structure in Kermani native songs of Shahrebabak City
Fatemeh Riahi Atamohammad Radmanesh Mahbobeh KHorasaniThe poet of ordinary poetry pays much more attention to music because music with an emotional effect prepares the mind of the audience to receive the poem's message. One of the most important pieces of music is rhyme and row in poetry; they have a special place in tradi MoreThe poet of ordinary poetry pays much more attention to music because music with an emotional effect prepares the mind of the audience to receive the poem's message. One of the most important pieces of music is rhyme and row in poetry; they have a special place in traditional Persian poetry and particularly in couplets form. In this article, in addition to introducing native songs and local couplets of Shahrebabak, the analysis of the structure of rhymes and rows has been done. Rhymes in native poems of Shahre-Babak, like all other dialects, are based on the alphabets of the near ending, and it is not based on the identical rhyming which is common in the formal Persian language. In cradlesongs and wedding poems, rhymes are sometimes removed to create music tone, or to use an extended pronouns to generate the rhythm. Rhyming is in the form of Masnavi in more than 10% of Shabarbak folk couplets. The rhymes of the same alphabets, like /M/, /R/, and /M/, /N/ and /L/, /R/ are more or less frequent in popular couplets of Shahrbabak. More than one over three of local couplets is associated with the row. Most of the couplets are in the "current" row and only 5 % of them has inactive rows. Row functions in local poems inspire the poet's inner sense, reinforce the poetry, help translating the concepts, emphasize an image or subject, and create a sense of pleasure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - A review of the prayers and lamentations of the saints in Mohammad Chehri’s poetry
مسعود باوان بوری wahid sajadifar نرگس لرستانیReligious literature is one of the literary genres which has been less considered, while it has been prevalent in almost all religions and languages. In this genre, the poet shows his special regards to figures of his religion. Karbalayei Mohammad Chehri, a contemporary MoreReligious literature is one of the literary genres which has been less considered, while it has been prevalent in almost all religions and languages. In this genre, the poet shows his special regards to figures of his religion. Karbalayei Mohammad Chehri, a contemporary poet of Harsin (around Kermanshah), has paid special attention to Imam Ali (PBUH), Hazrat Fatima (PBUH) and Imam Hussain (PBUH) in his poems. The poet has expressed his regards to these figures, and has composed poems in their praise or eulogy and integrated them into his poetry. The poet has some poems in eulogy of the martyrs of the uprising standing of fifteenth of Khordad, and the city of Khomein, etc. This paper attempts to examine the poet's religious verses and his eulogy of Shiite religious leaders using analytical-descriptive method and the collections. The results showed special attitude of the poet about the Ashura and the hostile events happening that day. The reason of this eulogy is martyrdom of Imam Hussain (PBUH) and his family and his loyal companions. His lamentations were found to be much more than his eulogies, reflecting his love of these noble characters and his sorrow about the tragedy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - A look at native poems of Lorestan
ARASH AMRAEI Ali BazvandNative literature is a worthy treasure inherited from our ancestors. This kind of literature in its special sense refers to a literature that has been created in a particular region. The native literature of Lorestan is one of the precious parts of Iranian folk’s MoreNative literature is a worthy treasure inherited from our ancestors. This kind of literature in its special sense refers to a literature that has been created in a particular region. The native literature of Lorestan is one of the precious parts of Iranian folk’s native literature. In this paper, we will investigate a part of the popular culture of people of Lorestan, the native poems and their place in the community of Lorestan, while introducing their history. We will also introduce the Chell Sero (forty songs), Mur, Laue Laue (Lullaby), work songs, couplets Mashga, Dayam Buye and romances as the most important types of native poems of Lorestan .Poetry and music are inseparable parts of the Lorestan people, and if we say that they are the cause of popular culture, we have not exaggerated. These people have some poems and music for all aspects of their life from birth to death, which have various functions in different situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Hero and Anti-Hero in Rustam Nameh Epic by Almas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi
khalil begzadeh shahnaz geravandiAlmas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi is an epic, native poet who’s epic and lyrical stories are in Guranian Kurdish and one of epic collections is Rustam Nameh concerning with Iran troops, Rustam head of group and devil troops by heading Zeus weird. This study aims to MoreAlmas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi is an epic, native poet who’s epic and lyrical stories are in Guranian Kurdish and one of epic collections is Rustam Nameh concerning with Iran troops, Rustam head of group and devil troops by heading Zeus weird. This study aims to assign and analyze the hero character as well as anti-hero in epic of Rustam Nameh due to descriptive-analytical methods, it concluded that hero and anti-hero are the same in physical fighting, and tools and methods, but their goals are diabolical, because hero relies on metaphysical powers, to save the appetitive, fair, generosity, sympathy and braveness that is human’s requirement in all careers, but anti-hero is agent of evil, darkness, trickery, and enemy, besides, the poet sometimes, illustrates himself in illustrating hero personality, it is as if heroes of epic story are a covering means to express the human’s views of humanity of Almas Khan Kandulei Kermanshahi whose legends, the epic stories and customs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Investigating poems and wedding songs in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province
seyed borzoo jamalian zadeh mohamad hosein karami jalil nazariThe ready research is aimed to study wedding poems and songs in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province. This poems, which are kind of lyric poetry are special to wedding celebration, more common among women and one sing in all sreps of wedding wether lone MoreThe ready research is aimed to study wedding poems and songs in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province. This poems, which are kind of lyric poetry are special to wedding celebration, more common among women and one sing in all sreps of wedding wether lonely or in group by women, often describing the groom, the bride, bride and groom family members and wedding celebration. This songs have special names in some regions : in basht and bavi tribes, boyerahmad and choram "seru", and in bahmaei, doshmanziari and taibi its called shiraduma". In this article, after introduction a short description of songs and poems of sorud and shiradumad in some regions of country and more specifically in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province will be given. Next, the charactristics of this songs, different kinds of wedding local jongs, classification of sorud and shiradumad poems will be studied Manuscript profile -
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199 - Achow, Local Humorous Poem from prospered area of Alamarvdashti
mahmood mehravaranThis paper investigates a humorous poem called Achow written by one of the ancient local poets in South of Fars. Zaer Gholamali known as Rownagh is a local poet from Alamarvdasht region in Southern Fars. He lived in the late 13th century and the first half of the 14th c MoreThis paper investigates a humorous poem called Achow written by one of the ancient local poets in South of Fars. Zaer Gholamali known as Rownagh is a local poet from Alamarvdasht region in Southern Fars. He lived in the late 13th century and the first half of the 14th century. This poem describes the present status of an individual which hates of work particularly of harvesting and he used to be very lazy. The poet explains the feelings and words of him humorously. A careful consideration of these poems corroborates the talent, capability, imagination, and humor of the poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The Analysis of Religious factors in Bakhtiyari's Folk Poems
Hamid Rezaei Ebrahim Zaheri AbdvandFolk poem plays an important role in representing and internalizing the identity, especially religious identity in Bakhtiyari's culture. In this research, the religious factors in folk poems of Bakhtiari people (nursery, lyric, poems related to wedding and mournin MoreFolk poem plays an important role in representing and internalizing the identity, especially religious identity in Bakhtiyari's culture. In this research, the religious factors in folk poems of Bakhtiari people (nursery, lyric, poems related to wedding and mourning) were analyzed through descriptive-analytical method to indicate the image of reflected religious components in these poems and the function of these concepts in Bakhtiari's culture. Also, it has been investigated that religious components are more reflected in which of these poems, and what kind of difference is seen in this regard. The name of God, Prophet (PBUH), Imam Ali, and Imam Reza, Imams descendants, Resurrection, Pilgrimage, Kaaba, Mashhad, Karbala, Prayer, Quran, and prayer sign are among the most important religious components represented in these poems. The results of the study showed that in the nursery rhyme, first the child acquaints with the qualities of God indirectly and the kid is taught in order to solve problems, he/she must trust in God and resort to the Prophet and Imams. In the poems related to the wedding, the religious beliefs of the bride and groom are presented and the God and the Imams are the remedy to disasters. The most diversity and reflection of religious components can be found in mourning. In this type, either the religious beliefs of the decedent are talked or they ask God to solve the problems and illnesses of the deceased people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - “Amir and Gohar” in the field of Mazandaran native literature researches
Aref Kamarposhti Maryam SoleymanpourAmir Pazvari is the most famous native poet of Mazandarani dialect, whose poems have been the subject of research by popular literature enthusiasts and researchers. A poem called "Amir and Gohar" has attracted attention among the romantic poems of native Mazandaran lite MoreAmir Pazvari is the most famous native poet of Mazandarani dialect, whose poems have been the subject of research by popular literature enthusiasts and researchers. A poem called "Amir and Gohar" has attracted attention among the romantic poems of native Mazandaran literature with the publication of Amirs and poems attributed to him under the name "Divan Amir Pazvari" in the last decade. Therefore, this essay aims to discuss Amir and Gohar according to the characteristics of romantic poems. Criticism and analysis of research shows that the legend of Amir's meeting with Imam Ali (A.S.) is the foundation of the poem named Amir and Gohar. Amir and Gohar are among the legendary characters; But the events revolve around the meeting with Imam Ali (A.S.) and do not indicate the course of the story and romantic events.In fact, there is only one legend about Amir and Gohar, and contrary to the expectations of researchers and lovers of popular literature, there is no poem with this name in Mazandaran. From the verses and couplets attributed to Amir Pazvari by describing feelings to "Gohar", only non-narrative poems can be imagined; Because, only a short section of Amir and Gohar's life is represented in the poems, and since there is no story and romantic history of Amir and Gohar, the story cannot be placed in the framework of romantic narratives. Manuscript profile -
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202 - Investigating the reflection of Bakhtiari women's social status through clothing in local poetry
Ebrahim Zaheri Abdvand Rohalla karimi Noor -o-dinvandThe purpose of the present study is to examine the social status of Bakhtiari’s women through their clothing in local poems such as love, wedding and mourning poems based on the theoretical principles of reflection and documentary method. The results indicat MoreThe purpose of the present study is to examine the social status of Bakhtiari’s women through their clothing in local poems such as love, wedding and mourning poems based on the theoretical principles of reflection and documentary method. The results indicate that Bakhtiari’s women earn social status in two ways of beautiful clothes and expensive ones. To illustrate the beauty of the clothes, the element of color is noticed. And the costliness of the material and decorations are noticed, too. In romantic poems, the women enjoy respect and finally social status through beautiful colors which are mostly blue, green and red. In wedding poems show the social status of women besides the beauty, the element of wealth is also highlighted through referring to the material and decorations. In mourning poems, the poets are more likely to show the social status of the deceased and her family; so, in describing her clothes, the material, newness and cleanliness of her clothes which show the woman’s personality is noticed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - A study of the themes of "Soro" poems in Rostam city
gholamali Mohammadi Atamohammad Radmanesh Mahbobeh KhorasaniThe folk literature of each realm and region reflects and expresses thought, belief, customs, behavior, cultural and social relations and way of life. This literature, which is manifested in poetry and prose, is a mirror that reflects the social characteristics of a peo MoreThe folk literature of each realm and region reflects and expresses thought, belief, customs, behavior, cultural and social relations and way of life. This literature, which is manifested in poetry and prose, is a mirror that reflects the social characteristics of a people. Among the different types of folk literature, poetry has a special place and among the various forms of poetry, the words in Persian literature have a long history. This form of poetry has been prevalent in the Persian language since the beginning of poetry. One of the areas in which this form of poetry has been especially developed is the city of Rostam. The Studies show that the most significant and frequent poetry form of folk literature in this city is the “Mofradat” that booklovers read themaccording to the occasion. “Mofradat” in the folk literature of Rostam city is divided into "couplet", "Saro", "Sharveh" and "Lullaby". In this research, the items called "Soro" in terms of theme are analyzed. "Soro" is the origin of women's sensitivity and voice in the wedding celebration, in which a part of the culture of the people of the city is manifested. In fact, these poems express the love and affection of mothers and women for boys and men. As they should and perhaps have been able to cope with this love and affection of the heart and have done their duty well. On the other hand, wedding culture can be seen in these poems. In other words, "Soro" is a long-standing cultural center in the wedding celebration of Rostam city. The themes of these poems are masculinity, description, advice, threat, wedding custom, humiliation, early marriage, warning, boasting, manifestation of religion. Manuscript profile -
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204 - Introduction of the Balochi poem "Makkoran" of Ravanbod and its adaptation to "Haidar Baba" of Shahryar
Abdolghafour JahandidehBalochi literature has a long history and it has developed significantly in the contemporary period, but compared to the literature of some other ethnic groups in Iran it has remained unknown for various reasons. Poetical art has been an essential part of Baloch life an MoreBalochi literature has a long history and it has developed significantly in the contemporary period, but compared to the literature of some other ethnic groups in Iran it has remained unknown for various reasons. Poetical art has been an essential part of Baloch life and poetry still has many fans and enthusiasts. The Poetry of Ravanbad is the most popular and very famous in Balochistan. This bilingual poet has written many poems in Persian and Balochi languages, and his most important poem is "Makkoran". This poem is in Balochi and has 317 stanzas and it is in the traditional Balochi form and composed in the form of prosodic or poetical meter. The prominence of this poem is mostly due to the minstrels or the so-called "Pahlevanan". This is a small encyclopedia of knowledge of Balochistan, especially Makkoran and the people. This poetic work is considered to be one of the masterpieces of contemporary Balochi literature and it is at the peak of rhetoric and eloquence. The poet, in this poem talks about the culture, customs, past history, beauties of Balochistan, the originality and masculinity of Balochi people, the longing of the past of this people and the adherence to morality and religion. This poem is in many ways, comparable to the Turkish poem of Haidar Baba. In this article, we first present and review the structure and theme of Makkoran poem, and then we compare it to the poem of Haidar Baba Manuscript profile -
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205 - The analysis of the musical layers of Bakhtiari Mahdavi Poems
Farhad Barati Enayatollah MahmoodiContemporary Mahdavi Poems are considered as the most valuable and impressive type of resistance literature and ritual genre because of focusing on freedom, justice, fighting oppression, and picturing utopia with bright horizons. After Islamic Revolution in Iran due to MoreContemporary Mahdavi Poems are considered as the most valuable and impressive type of resistance literature and ritual genre because of focusing on freedom, justice, fighting oppression, and picturing utopia with bright horizons. After Islamic Revolution in Iran due to dominant ideology, waiting culture and Mahdavism have become an important motif in Persian literature and poetry. The Bakhtiari poets also effected by the prevailing thoughts in this era and for the true belief of Bakhtiari people in Shiite teachings, have deeply composed Mahdavi poems. The number of Mahdavi poems studied in this research is thirty-one from eighteen Bakhtiari poets which have been composed and published in a classical form.. The musical layers of Bakhtiari Poems is studied and the aesthetic effects of this layers on the super-layers is analysed. It was determined that Bakhtiari poets while using the musical and phonetic elements of language, in addition to the decorative function, have deeply paid attention to the roles of sounds and their relationships to the subject matter. In Bakhtiari Mahdavi Poems, all three musical layers including outer,inner ,and side layers، based on theme and subject are used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Work Poems in Dena
mohamad javedan kherad seyed mohamad bagher kamalediniThe poems which have been written about work and job in oral culture of Kohgiluyeh and Boyrahmad constitute a large part of literature of this land. The men and women in this province in order to do anything have a homophonic poem with work doer which this poem has them MoreThe poems which have been written about work and job in oral culture of Kohgiluyeh and Boyrahmad constitute a large part of literature of this land. The men and women in this province in order to do anything have a homophonic poem with work doer which this poem has theme and music corresponding with it and it is a good motivation to do things. These poems is a collection of thoughts, motivations and mental states during work which their literary richness indicates the people's literary history of this province. In the nomadic and rural society of Kohgiluyeh and Boyrahmad, the works such as rice-threshing, oak-threshing, milking, making buttermilk, rice transplantation and lamb-grazing have accompanied with reading poems which were composed according to situation and conditions of that work to speed, fun and escape from tiredness. This study investigates these poems Manuscript profile -
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207 - Farming, the songs of reap of the Bakhteyary Society
mandana jamshidian This study investigated the culture, the way of living, beliefs, traditions, music, and the literature in the Bakhteyary society. The colloquial literature which is the spiritual art of any nation includes proverbs, riddle, songs, allegory, local poetry and work More This study investigated the culture, the way of living, beliefs, traditions, music, and the literature in the Bakhteyary society. The colloquial literature which is the spiritual art of any nation includes proverbs, riddle, songs, allegory, local poetry and work poem. The work poem consists of the singer emotions and the circumstance of the work position. The poems of the singers while they are working lonely or together indicate the people life situation, their pains, sorrow, wishes, loves and their praise. This article aims to introduce the Bakhteyary society and their poetry specially when they are reaping and they sings tonic, to collect data the internet, library and the people were used in the Khozestsn and Chahar Mahale Bakhteyary provinces where the bakhteyary tribes are living in the form of migration. Manuscript profile -
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208 - The comparison of some of mourning traditions of Kermanshah people with shahnameh mourning
ghollamreza salemian khalil kahriziThe Iranian had special ways and traditions to do different actions some of which have been forgotten at present. The signs of these forgotten traditions may be found at the cities and villages on which they live of the ancient forgotten traditions. The main question of MoreThe Iranian had special ways and traditions to do different actions some of which have been forgotten at present. The signs of these forgotten traditions may be found at the cities and villages on which they live of the ancient forgotten traditions. The main question of this paper is there any similarity between these traditions and Shahnameh tradition in the Kermanshah province of Iran? In this investigation, three traditions of the villages in the Kermanshah province with the samples of the local poems in the Kermanshah Kurdish Language have been studied. These traditions and poems have been compared with three Shahnameh traditions named the Moghany roaring, fastening bloody Zonnar and Cutting hair. The results of the study showed the close surprising similarity between the Shahnameh and the Kermanshahi mourning traditions Manuscript profile -
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209 - The stylistics of Zahir Faryabi's qasayed
Parvin Bekhradi Siroos Shamisa Abdolreza Modarreszadeh. Zahir Faryabi, was a sixth century A.H. poet born in Faryab(near Balkh) who immigrated to Neishabour and several other cities before his death in 598 AH in Tabriz. The beginning of Zahir's life coincided with the sedition of Ghoz that attacked Balkh and other cities More. Zahir Faryabi, was a sixth century A.H. poet born in Faryab(near Balkh) who immigrated to Neishabour and several other cities before his death in 598 AH in Tabriz. The beginning of Zahir's life coincided with the sedition of Ghoz that attacked Balkh and other cities in Khorasan. Thus Faryabi's immigration was not only due to a desire to seek literary knowledge but also for safety. That time there was families of Kharazmshahian, Iraqi Salajeghe and Atabakan who were not at all as powerful and glory as Ghaznavian and 1st Saljoughian, and poets had no honor and no reception. This was a matter which overshadowed poem’s of Zahir. Zahir ’s collection of poems consists of 3790 couplets of which 2292 couplets appear as 81 qaside (odes) and the remaining 1498 in other poetic forms. This article examines the texts from three perspectives: linguistic, literary, and intellectual by way of descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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210 - A window of social criticism in the poems of Vahshi bafghi
Mahdi SadeghiVahshibafighi is one of poets of the Safavid era, who is especially important because of his special style of rhetoric and realism. In this essay, with the aim of social criticism of Bafaghi's poems, descriptive, analytical and testimonial methods are discussed in his p MoreVahshibafighi is one of poets of the Safavid era, who is especially important because of his special style of rhetoric and realism. In this essay, with the aim of social criticism of Bafaghi's poems, descriptive, analytical and testimonial methods are discussed in his poetry. Although the savage is full of love and romance in his poems, at the same time, he talks about various topics such as: "pain and suffering caused by the disordered state of society, social poverty, the situation of different classes, the effects of the environment and climate on him, the state of social phenomena , is clearly visible. By examining the poems of Bahweh, one can get to know the attitude of Safavid rulers towards different classes, the view of Bahweh and society towards these rulers, the prevalence of honesty or hypocrisy in the society, the atmosphere and political atmosphere that prevailed in that period. Manuscript profile -
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211 - Comparative study of the life and poetry of Mahdi Akhavan-Sales and Salah Abdul Saboor Case Study of Winter Poet and Oghniyet alsheta
zeyne erfatpoorMahdi Akhavan-Sales, a prominent Iranian poet, and Salah Abdul Saboor, a prominent Egyptian poet, each have their own role in reflecting on their social realities, expressing their grumbling grudge and grudge against a society whose people are alien to social truths and MoreMahdi Akhavan-Sales, a prominent Iranian poet, and Salah Abdul Saboor, a prominent Egyptian poet, each have their own role in reflecting on their social realities, expressing their grumbling grudge and grudge against a society whose people are alien to social truths and They do not care about the position of reformist intellectuals. The purpose of this essay is to investigate the poet's life and poetry, based on the social conditions and inner spirits of the two poets, and their main concerns in the field of literature, the "winter poetry" of Akhavan-Sales and the " Abdul Saboor are analyzed and compared, and the similarities and differences between these two poems are explained to the audience through content, form, music, linguistic structure and imagery. The results of this study indicate that both the poets are experiencing the political and social conditions governing their own society, in particular, loneliness, pain and disappointment, and failure, and in their winter poetry, by using their music and linguistic capacities, their bitter experience With the difference that the Brotherhood's winter poetry reveals a failure in the social dimension with a particular pain and disorientation of hope, while Abdul Sabur poses a defeat in the individual's dimension. Manuscript profile -
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212 - The evolution of Shafi'i-Kadkani views in the critique of contemporary poetry (Based on the characteristics of his research method)
Hoseyn Ghorbanpoor Abbas Shahali RamshehEvery researcher 's idea and thought change during scientific researches is inevitable and certainly is a route to perfection .Dr. Shafiee Kadkani is one of the researchers in the field of modern poem and mystical literature in Iran .He always speaks about change in vie MoreEvery researcher 's idea and thought change during scientific researches is inevitable and certainly is a route to perfection .Dr. Shafiee Kadkani is one of the researchers in the field of modern poem and mystical literature in Iran .He always speaks about change in viewpoints and even sometimes speaks about contrast in ideas in his works .In this paper ,we study four following features : decisiveness and audacity , scientific caution ,satire in locution ,and exaggeration in locution .Then we present some examples about his methodology . His ideas change has been presented in the most important processes (Nima new poem,prosaic poem and Hajm poem ) and the most important poets (Nima, Sohrab Sepehri,Mahdi Akhavan Thaleth ,Forogh Farohkzad and Ahmad Shamloo).Generally , in some cases ,his laudatory , opposite and ironical tone about a process or a poet has stayed constant , and in some cases, these ideas have changed. Manuscript profile -
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213 - Introduction and analysis of the newly written manuscript of GHassab Kashani's court
Elham Gholamkelisani Mehrdad ChatraeiAzizabadi morteza rashidiManuscripts are written heritage and represent the scientific, cultural and social identity of nations. Since ancient times and as evidenced by history, Persian-language writers and poets have created many works, whose preservation and revival is the scientific and cult MoreManuscripts are written heritage and represent the scientific, cultural and social identity of nations. Since ancient times and as evidenced by history, Persian-language writers and poets have created many works, whose preservation and revival is the scientific and cultural mission of researchers. Although researchers in the field of Persian language and literature have long paid special attention to the correction of ancient Persian literary texts, some of these texts have not been revived and corrected after centuries. Nevertheless, the copy of Diwan Kasab Kashani has been corrected five times by Parto Beizai, Abbasi, Javaheri, Karmi and Atefi, and the authors are trying to identify the copy and the author with the descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library sources. and examine the stylistic elements and components, express its linguistic features, its literary, religious, mystical and historical value. Also, address the corrections that have been made from this manuscript, and in each correction, briefly mention the motivations of the correctors for reviving Diwan Kasab, the methods of correction, and the additions and appendices in the corrections. review The results of the research show that the manuscript of Noor Osmaniyeh Library has not been used in the previous corrections Manuscript profile -
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214 - Technics, Causes and Motivations of the Use of Didactic Themes in the lyrical (emotional) Poems Based on the narrative poem of Niaz and Naz
Ahmad Reza YalamehaOne of the broadest and most popular genres of Persian literature is didactic poetry. Didactic poems and works of art are sometimes a completely separate and independent work, such as poems and works that are exclusively devoted to teaching, wisdom, and ethics, and some MoreOne of the broadest and most popular genres of Persian literature is didactic poetry. Didactic poems and works of art are sometimes a completely separate and independent work, such as poems and works that are exclusively devoted to teaching, wisdom, and ethics, and sometimes also dispersed among other literary works. As in a number of cases, moral concepts, verdicts, religions, and beliefs have been used in enormous or even epic or modest poetry, which not only does not diminish the poetic aspect of such works but with passion and a special feeling attracts the attraction of such works. One of the works that are made up of didactic teachings is the unknown Naz and Niaz. This poem, which is one of the exquisite works belonging to the eleventh century AH and is one of the precious love poems of the Persian, has not yet been adorned with embellishment, and the only remaining version of that edition is numbered 483 at the UCLA Library of the University Los Angeles where it is preserved. In this narrative love poem, there are abundant didactic and wisdom meanings and concepts that the poet has used it in the context of passive and sensual ground using such techniques as persuasion, indignation, persuasion, etc. This can be a sign of good intention concerning poet's attempt to reasoning the word is based on rational and artistic logic. The author of this study is to introduce the glossary of this work, therefore, how to reflect the content of the teaching in this rich narrative love poem. Manuscript profile -
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215 - The study of didactic poetic technique of naser Khosro’s poems
alireza nabiloo fereshteh dadkhahNaser Khosro is one of the famous poets in composing didactic poetry. Previously, his poems were related to describing poetry, poets, poem reader. One of the characteristics of his poetry in the field of poem technique is that he tied poetry with knowledge and thoughts. MoreNaser Khosro is one of the famous poets in composing didactic poetry. Previously, his poems were related to describing poetry, poets, poem reader. One of the characteristics of his poetry in the field of poem technique is that he tied poetry with knowledge and thoughts. He characterizes some attributes for poem and the reader of the poems that originated from his world view. It means that the poet himself believes in poem technique and describe this belief for his readers. Points like speech relations, knowledge and wisdom, speech and telling the truth, ingraining of religion with knowledge, paying attention to ascetic poetry, ascribing poetry to metaphysical world matching speech with action poet and speech commitment, poet and religious poetry, criticizing court poet, and finally poet and novelty and newness of speech. He also classifies readers of poems into different types e.g. intellectual readers from nonintellectual readers. this research has been done with respect to these types of readers. Manuscript profile -
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216 - Advices of wise persons won’t ever stop me loving you (Not accepting advice by lovers)
hossein Aghahosseini hashem BagherzadehLove is a phenomenon which associates with spiritual manner, self-experience and interpretation. The description of love and the manner of love and beloved in literature is much expanded and very special. The high frequency about love in literature and in the national l MoreLove is a phenomenon which associates with spiritual manner, self-experience and interpretation. The description of love and the manner of love and beloved in literature is much expanded and very special. The high frequency about love in literature and in the national literatures proves and shows it. In the Iranian literature we can observe the variety of love ether Gnosticism love of human beings to God or vice versa. It is the most beautiful and so bright of human's thoughts. Lyric and love poems is very important. One of the most characteristics is lovers' not accepting advice .In this paper we notice and pay attention to the reasons of not accepting advice by lovers. Furthermore, we notice the variety of advisers and kinds of advices. Manuscript profile -
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217 - .Intertextuality of Quran and Hadith in Didactic Poems of Hafiz Based on Literary Theories
Ahmad Khajeim Seyed Mohammad Alavi Moqadam Asadian Mohammadian Moslem Rajabi. Immortality of didactic poems of Hafiz lies in its irrefrangible relation with Quran and Hadith. He does this usage so artfully that arouses emotions of readers and provokes them to contemplate on these Quranic- Hadith doctrines. He intended to immortalize poems throu More. Immortality of didactic poems of Hafiz lies in its irrefrangible relation with Quran and Hadith. He does this usage so artfully that arouses emotions of readers and provokes them to contemplate on these Quranic- Hadith doctrines. He intended to immortalize poems through the use of these Hadith and Quranic usages. Since intertexuality, or the theory of interaction of texts, is of most important theories for structural and post structural scholars and it delves into the similarities and differences oftext, in prose and poetry, and literary men should have a good knowledge of contemporary and ancient texts, we try to read poems of Hafiz in the light of intertexuality and its theorists like Bakhtin, Cristova, Barth, Michael Riffaterre, Laurent Jenny. The purpose of this survey is to expound Hafiz’s usages of Quran and Hadiths. His poems have been analyzed in an analytic- descriptive method and in the light of theorists of intertexuality to show the consistent structure of the poems and its musical language, and furthermore, to identify the literary innovations by which he has incorporated Quran and Hadith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Causes and Intentions behind Didactic Approach in Lyrical Poem Book Hasht Behesht by Amir Khosrow Dehlavi
Ahmad Reza Yalameha آسیه ذبیح نیا عمرانMost of the themes of Persian stories consist of ethical advices. The mystical and ethically-oriented poets were attempting to provide the didactic concepts covered through stories and this was mainly due to the attraction and effectiveness of stories in delivering the MoreMost of the themes of Persian stories consist of ethical advices. The mystical and ethically-oriented poets were attempting to provide the didactic concepts covered through stories and this was mainly due to the attraction and effectiveness of stories in delivering the messages. Amir Khosrow Dehlavi is one of the famous Persian mystics in the second half of 7th and early 8th Century AH. “Hasht-Behesht” or eight evens is a lyrical and love story which has been narrated through poetry and using a didactic and simple language comparable with “Haft Peykar” by the great poet “Nezami Ganjei”. Amir khosrow has been following a more elevated objective rather than narrating a love story in writing this work of art and he would mention didactic and ethical concepts whenever possible. The emphasis made by Amir Khosrow in Hasht Behesht was upon social ethics and he has been always advising good behavior and ethics. This work encourages human to avoid behaviors such as disloyalty, avarice and other evil descriptions. The main objective behind this paper is to investigate didactic themes and the objective behind their use in Hasht Behesht. Since this work of art has a variety of didactic concepts, the authors attempt to clarify these didactic concepts and interpret them. Therefore, the main objective of this study investigate the hidden didactic themes in this work of art and the main reason behind their application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Functional Analysis of Educational-Psychological Archetype of "the World" in Naser Khosro’s Poems (Based on Gilbert Doran Theory)
Arezoo Ahmadbeigi Ghorban Ali Ebrahimi shahrzad NiaziThe archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the wo MoreThe archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the world contained unappealing traits such as incompatibility, enmity, hatred, and so on. Naser Khosro is amongst the poets having a didactic viewpoint with the aim of warning man's attachment to the universe, its pests and dangers. He has frequently used this archetype in his poetry and focused on "commanding to the virtues" and "Prohibition the vices." He has also indicated the negative traits of the world and in shaping the structure of one's imagination and educational thinking system. This article aims at applying Gilbert Doran’s theoretical views (the famous French theorist and anthropologist) of the imaginative structure in Naser Khosro's Divan. The research intends to indicate that there is a direct and close relationship among issues such as the concept of time, death, and the poet’s reaction to controlling time. The creation of didactic images by the poet is basically a struggle to control time and get rid of death and its resulting fear. The frequency of such images in Naser Khosro’s Divan approve that fear of time passage has penetrated the poet's mind, led him to create images which have often been in the form of advice; the point that has been overlooked in the theory of the age. This article intends to explain and analyze the female gender in the formation of archetype of "the world" the universe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - A glance at the eulogy poems of Masoud Saad- Salman
aliasghar Baba Safari elaheh shabaniEulogy is the most important goal of Persian poem. This literary type through its evolutionary trend has had an effective role on the poetry of poets from the past till now. Although the main reputation of Masoud Saad- Salman, the poet of 5th and 6th Centuries A. H., is MoreEulogy is the most important goal of Persian poem. This literary type through its evolutionary trend has had an effective role on the poetry of poets from the past till now. Although the main reputation of Masoud Saad- Salman, the poet of 5th and 6th Centuries A. H., is based on Habsieh poetry but the vast majority of his Divan is allocated to eulogy odes. He has praised not only only the authorities and his contemporary poets, but he also worshiped them according to his criteria because of their real excellences and with the intention of persude them to natty and avoid of unappealing. This study has tried to explain and describe eulogy poems of Masoud Saad by representing an introduction to eulogy and showing the historical and literary concepts of the poet with the aim of expressing some points of his work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - The methods of the education in the Persian literature
mohammadsadegh Basiri golnaz AmjadiThe philosophy of Education can be supposed as an independent discipline that studies the relationship between education and other disciplines of human studies, educational methods and the way of dealing with the problems of education. Concerning education, we cannot di MoreThe philosophy of Education can be supposed as an independent discipline that studies the relationship between education and other disciplines of human studies, educational methods and the way of dealing with the problems of education. Concerning education, we cannot discuss just about a single fundamental because education is divided into different basics such as physiology, sociology theology, anthropology and the like. Evaluation of different education methods and its comparison with Persian literature have been studied in this research. All Persian literature texts can be comparing to education methods. This research will discuss about; definition of education, from the perspective of Quran, different kinds of Quran education language and also relationship between the language of Quran and education. Also, the methods of education and its comparison to philosophy styles and Persian literature have been studied in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Ethical approach in lyrical stories of Khajouye Kermani
Hafez Hatami Zahra MirAhmadiThe essential subject in the field of ethical analysis of artistic and literary works is their relationships. Schools, movements and styles of artistic, literary, and moral forms have looked at this subject differently. Although the main mission of artistic and literary MoreThe essential subject in the field of ethical analysis of artistic and literary works is their relationships. Schools, movements and styles of artistic, literary, and moral forms have looked at this subject differently. Although the main mission of artistic and literary works in the first place is to satisfy their readers, in most of these works, literary commitment and moral and religious mission of work creator are effective and tangible. With this description, it should be said that many of our literary works have paid attention to ethical elements, components, and content. The issue doesn’t confines to didactic or mystical literature in fact it is reflected in other genres such as lyrical, long poem of banquet. Khajouye Kermani, the great Persian poet, in his didactic, epic, lyric works as well as the lyrical poems has described virtues and vices. This study intends to criticize ethics based on some important theories namely (Eudemonism) school of Socrates and Amrollahi and Hasan’s theory and religious evil in the religion of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Thunder of Revolt A study on the different manifestations of sins in Hafez’s Poetry
hassan BassakSin is one of the new aspects Hafez has had in his poetry. It is not possible to present a clear outlook on different aspects of sin without a comprehensive look on his poetry. Hafez’s consideration on various aspects of the matter is of high value. He believes th MoreSin is one of the new aspects Hafez has had in his poetry. It is not possible to present a clear outlook on different aspects of sin without a comprehensive look on his poetry. Hafez’s consideration on various aspects of the matter is of high value. He believes that the aptitude to sin is gifted in human being, so it is eternal and belongs to human destiny. It shows that human being tends to chaos although repent is an opportunity for him to gain spiritual evolution within himself. Human challenges with sin and narrating his conditions through Hafez bring a lot of questions and ambiguities about Hafez and his poetry. Considering adherence or non-adherence in Hafez and his belief in religious values provide lots of different perspectives on him to make superficial and sinful understanding of Hafez’s poetry. In Hafez’s view, the ability to sin does not mean the permission of blame, but it represents the belief that sin will not hurt religion. Therefore, Hafez assumes pretending sin against the proud of innocence – which emphasizes on its incorrectness – in the world of poetry. Pretending sin is the main point in Hafez’s poetry. It is on the opposite side of those pretending purity. To avoid the second group, Hafez tries to distance them to show he does not follow them. He knows innocent plaintiffs as real sinful individuals whose understanding is blur through proud and selfishness. According to Hafez, if piety and asceticism are considered as means of gaining value or to be considered magnificently in austere view, they will lose their values and worthiness. One of the most crucial factors in Hafez’s idea towards sin is his positive understanding of human relationship with God and his dependence on His commiseration. Through presenting his idea, Hafez tries to challenge those who not only claim their purity, but also cherish hypocrisy and selfishness. Hafez fights with insincerity and deceitfulness. Based on thought and philosophy taken from Hafez’s poetry, the present article investigates the educational aspects of revolt and sin. Therefore, sin expression of Hafez, pure libertinism and rebuking, avoidance of unity with hypocrites as well as mysticism and worthiness were analyzed through religion, morality and immorality, sin outcome and the effects of purity, sin and human willingness and finally God approbation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Ethical approach in lyrical stories of Khajouye Kermani
Alireza MohammadiKalesar Azam AbdaliThe essential subject in the field of ethical analysis of artistic and literary works is their relationships. Schools, movements and styles of artistic, literary, and moral forms have looked at this subject differently. Although the main mission of artistic and literary MoreThe essential subject in the field of ethical analysis of artistic and literary works is their relationships. Schools, movements and styles of artistic, literary, and moral forms have looked at this subject differently. Although the main mission of artistic and literary works in the first place is to satisfy their readers, in most of these works, literary commitment and moral and religious mission of work creator are effective and tangible. With this description, it should be said that many of our literary works have paid attention to ethical elements, components, and content. The issue doesn’t confines to didactic or mystical literature in fact it is reflected in other genres such as lyrical, long poem of banquet. Khajouye Kermani, the great Persian poet, in his didactic, epic, lyric works as well as the lyrical poems has described virtues and vices. This study intends to criticize ethics based on some important theories namely (Eudemonism) school of Socrates and Amrollahi and Hasan’s theory and religious evil in the religion of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Common Ethical and didactic themes in the poetry of Zohair Ibn Abi Solma and Sa'di
Mahboobeh Moslemi Zade Moslemi Zade Mahdi MomtahenZohair Ibn Abi Solma Rabi'a Ibn Ribah al-Mozani was the sage poet in Jahili era (pagan state of the Arab) and among the Arab dignitaries. He was prominent in panegyric and wise sayings and supposed poetry as a teacher and guide. He spent his life on sympathy, advice, tr MoreZohair Ibn Abi Solma Rabi'a Ibn Ribah al-Mozani was the sage poet in Jahili era (pagan state of the Arab) and among the Arab dignitaries. He was prominent in panegyric and wise sayings and supposed poetry as a teacher and guide. He spent his life on sympathy, advice, truth-telling, and benevolence. In his poems, didactic and ethical concepts, especially on reproach and piety, are so vivid. He has created the highest ethical and humane standards influenced by his environment and character and has shown the most prevalent vices and prohibited man from them. Sa'di, the most famous poet of the 7th century (A.H) whose greatness in poetry and prose, ethics and wisdom is known, is impressed by Arab literature because of spending long times in the Arab territories and getting familiarity with their poets and poems which subsequently influenced Persian poetry. This article has explained and analyzed moral virtues and flaws mentioned in Zohair poetry, by studying his Divan also mentions some similarities in teachings and themes with Sa'di's Mawaiz (advise) and Qazals (sonnets). The results of this research include their common ethical and social ideas and guidance of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Classism and Neo-classism Manifestations in Parvin Etesami’s Poems
Khalil Baigzadeh ali safizadehParvin Etesami is one of neo-traditional, wisdom-oriented, idealist, moralist poets of the constitutional era. She has contributed to the introduction of Classism and Neo-classism in the contemporary Persian literature and was the greatest figure in this regard. She is MoreParvin Etesami is one of neo-traditional, wisdom-oriented, idealist, moralist poets of the constitutional era. She has contributed to the introduction of Classism and Neo-classism in the contemporary Persian literature and was the greatest figure in this regard. She is a social poet with humanistic view who praises the struggle of contemporary human being and invites people to be reflective, intellectual and to make correct decisions. Although this classic poet seeks no particular ideology, she praises the individual, social, intellectual morality. She wishes the happiness for every human being. This study has examined classism and Neo-classism manifestations in Parvin Etesami’s Poems in the descriptive-analytical method by relying on comparative literature. Studies have shown that this contemporary poet has tended to morality, wisdom, realism, as well as avoiding ignorance and abnormality for saving people nationally. She makes relation between traditions and modernism; namely, she eludes the traditional instructions. Besides, she accepts the innovative concepts with open arms, which is important in neo-classism. Therefore, wisdom-orienting and intellectuality are main themes of poems in the constitutional era. She also advocates human’s authority and uses the new, up-date methods in he debates of debate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - .Didactic streaks in the poem of holy defense (60th decade)
Navaz ol-Lah Farhadi. The spread of religious culture in the literature after the Islamic revolution (1357) is some of the cultural results of this revolution. With the occurrence of the war, and continuity of eight years holy defense, religious motifs like crusades of early Islamic period More. The spread of religious culture in the literature after the Islamic revolution (1357) is some of the cultural results of this revolution. With the occurrence of the war, and continuity of eight years holy defense, religious motifs like crusades of early Islamic period and the Imam Ali’s wars with his enemies and particularly the bloody epic of the Karbala, have been reflected in the poem and prose of the Islamic revolution and the holy defense, in the way that this subjects forms its most important motifs and its most obvious features. This subject strengthens didactic and ethical aspect of above-mentioned poems on the basis of religious foundations and Koran`s teachings.The Poets of these poems are revolutionary personages and war men, and whatever they compose is because of faith and brimful of eagerness and excitement. Therefore, the lyric and epic aspect of their poems is so appear and strong, that shadows their didactic aspect. Hence, understanding of its covered up teachings become difficult without deliberation and cogitation, and it remains hidden from the readers’ attention.In this research, visible and invisible didactic layers and streaks in the poems of the revolution and holy defense, as well as style and subjects that poets have used them for promotion of moral principles and provoke readers for obeying Islamic-humanist values and young men`s following the temperament of the household of the prophet of Islam – are investigated and presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Representation of Moral and Didactic Themes in Faqih Kermani's Panj Ganje Emād
Farshad Eskandari Sharafi Vahid MobarakBeing among the oldest and most common kinds of literature, didactic literature presents moral and rational doctrines to the audience to be applied in their lives to achieve prosperity and happiness. Persian literature has long represented the purest and most precious m MoreBeing among the oldest and most common kinds of literature, didactic literature presents moral and rational doctrines to the audience to be applied in their lives to achieve prosperity and happiness. Persian literature has long represented the purest and most precious moral and didactic meanings and themes in a way that a large part of Persian poetry has been dedicated to advice, wisdom, and sermons. Emād Faqii Kermani is one of the Persian poets in 8th century AH who was proficient in composing different genres of poems including Sonnet, Ode and Masnavi. His poems have been integrated with Sufism and mystical thoughts and doctrines. Using descriptive-analytic approach, this study aims at investigating the moral and didactic doctrines in Panj Ganj by Emād Faqih Kermani to determine the position and value of morality and training in his poetry and also, some of the literary merits of him would be clarified. The findings reveal that the moral and didactic subjects which are a combination of ancient advice, mystical and Sufi doctrines are widely reflected in his Masnavis. The most prevalent and frequent moral and didactic themes in Panj Ganje Emād include political and governmental sermons, worship and servitude to God, instability of the world, generosity, knowledge and gaining knowledge, confidentiality, harmlessness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Applying Catford’s Category Shifts to the Persian Translations of Three English Romantic Poems
Samad Mirza Suzani -
Open Access Article
230 - Dialogue or Power of Text Jāmi's Understanding of Ibn al-Fārid's Wine-Poems (Khamriyyat)
Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi Saeedeh MomayyeziAudience-centric views provide new approaches to the study of literary texts, especially old ones. Horizon and circumstances of a contemporary reader are different from those of an old text author. A reader will be able to study an old text well when considering differe MoreAudience-centric views provide new approaches to the study of literary texts, especially old ones. Horizon and circumstances of a contemporary reader are different from those of an old text author. A reader will be able to study an old text well when considering different interpretations of it. The main question of the present research is whether contextuality and individuality can influence one's perception of a subject. Affection and emotion are two major elements of wine-poems (khamriyyat) of Ibn al-Fārid. Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmi has addressed these two issues in Ibn al-Fārid's poetry and has revived his poetry. By using descriptive-analytical method, the essay tries to examine Jāmi's views on Ibn al-Fārid's poetry. Coherence is a characteristic of Ibn al-Fārid's poems. In his poems, we move from wine-drinking to eternal intoxication. To understand the concept of wine, one must study all of his poems. But in Jāmi's poetry, we cannot find this consistency, and every single bit of his poetry can be studied alone. Manuscript profile -
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231 - The Concept of Nazarbāzi in the Poetry of Khwaju Kermani and Shah Nimatullah Wali
Mohammad Sanjarinezhād Abolqāsem Rādfar Hamid TabasiNazarbāzi is one of the most frequent themes in Persian romantic and mystical literature, which is reflected in the works of many great Persian writers. According to some mystics, nazarbāzi refers to a kind of mystical experience in which the mystic reaches a state wher MoreNazarbāzi is one of the most frequent themes in Persian romantic and mystical literature, which is reflected in the works of many great Persian writers. According to some mystics, nazarbāzi refers to a kind of mystical experience in which the mystic reaches a state where he looks at everything, sees God and His manifestations and loves them. Among these mystics are Khwaju Kermani and Shah Nimatullah Wali that in their poems, nazarbāzi can be divided into spiritual and worldly. The purpose of this study is to compare and explain the similarities and differences between the concept of nazarbāziin the poems of these two mystics. The research is done by using descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that Shah Nematullah Wali, by watching beautiful faces, looks at the image of God's beauty and his opinion does not refer to physical beauty. But according to Khwaju Kermani, the reason for man to enjoy the blessing of sight is to look at his beloved, and for this reason, most of his poems, related to nazarbāzi, are addressed to the earthly beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Protest literature in Contrast to Mystical Literature
Ali asmand gooneganiIn the thematic classifications of Persian poetry, we encounter a type of literature whose subject is the struggle against the tyranny of rulers and those in power. In recent times, this type of literature has been referred to as protest literature. In mystical poetry, MoreIn the thematic classifications of Persian poetry, we encounter a type of literature whose subject is the struggle against the tyranny of rulers and those in power. In recent times, this type of literature has been referred to as protest literature. In mystical poetry, protest literature can be seen separately and alongside other literary genres. So far, the connection between this genre and the mystical literature has not been studied much. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the aim of the present article is first to classify mystical and Sufi poets from the perspective of protest and then to express the reasons for the opposition of protest literature with mystical poetry in different periods. The results show that due to the spirit of indulgence and deep tolerance, mystical poets do not have a suitable ground for protest and criticism and despite a handful of examples, most mystical poets have been reluctant to address protest themes. Also, the results of the research indicate that due to their intellectual principles, deterministic view, complete reliance on God, surrender to God's will, and sometimes due to severity of the rulers or interacting with powerful people, the mystical poets refused to protest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The Function of Myth in the Poems of SohrābSepehri
Shamsolhājiyeh Ardalāni ArdalāniOne of the ways for recognizing the culture, thoughts and beliefs of a nation is studying her myths. The origins of some rites and cults which are useful in the life of contemporary man are rooted in the myths as well. Some modern writers and/or poets use myths for rela MoreOne of the ways for recognizing the culture, thoughts and beliefs of a nation is studying her myths. The origins of some rites and cults which are useful in the life of contemporary man are rooted in the myths as well. Some modern writers and/or poets use myths for relating a message; and by doing so, they enrich their works. In the present article, the attempt has been made to show the function of myth in the works of Sohrāb Sepehri employing descriptive-analytical method. Considering the origin of man as subject that is beyond the social themes, Sepehri uses an ontological approach and goes to the world of myths. He rejects the tyranny of the times and skill fully shows the conditions of his society by comparing it to the myths. Sepehri's poems demonstrate rebelling against the history of his times and show the desires and material and spiritual needs of contemporary man. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Poetic License: Vocabulary Selection
عباس باقی نژاد A poet composes a poem by putting thoughts and words in a pleasant order. Based on their culture and tradition, poets use specific words and phrases, and employ different styles of poetry. Great poets, however, have always been able to break the common rules by More A poet composes a poem by putting thoughts and words in a pleasant order. Based on their culture and tradition, poets use specific words and phrases, and employ different styles of poetry. Great poets, however, have always been able to break the common rules by using their poetic license. This article, thus, strives to present a clear cut understanding of the language of the great poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Formalistic Interpretation of Some Verses of Roomi's Masnav
Farzād Eghbāl Soheila Mousavi SirjaniInterpretation of Roomi's Masnavi has a long historical background. But the important point in the way these interpretations are explained is a kind of mystical tendency in content explanation of the poems. A difficulty that has come up in the interpretive method has be MoreInterpretation of Roomi's Masnavi has a long historical background. But the important point in the way these interpretations are explained is a kind of mystical tendency in content explanation of the poems. A difficulty that has come up in the interpretive method has been resolved in this article. To settle the difficulties, I have made an attempt in this paper to suggest a new interpretive way, based on which, the meaninf of each verse would limited as much as possible to its literal meaning. That is to say, the meaning of verses in this way would be explained correctly on the basis of figures of diction and poetic imagery. This method is called “formalistic interpretation” to challenge the presupposition common among the interpreters of Roomi that the literal and formal aspect of the language has not been important comparing to the precious thoughts of Roomi. In this method, the main criterion for interpretation and explanation of the poems of Roomi is the language of Masnavi and the power of Molana as a poet, a criterion that can be too influential in understanding the mysticism of Molana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Mythical Origin of Name in Epic literature
mahmoud rezaei dasht arzhanehHiding the name or revealing it is one the prominent themes in epic literature. The aim of present research is studying the concept of "name" and revealing or hiding it in Shānāmeh, heroic poems and tūmārhā-ye naqqālī (notebooks of storytelling). By using library a MoreHiding the name or revealing it is one the prominent themes in epic literature. The aim of present research is studying the concept of "name" and revealing or hiding it in Shānāmeh, heroic poems and tūmārhā-ye naqqālī (notebooks of storytelling). By using library and content analysis methods, these works have been examined. The results show that in confronting enemy the heroes choose one of these three methods: in 25 cases, the heroes reveal frankly their own name. In 5 cases, they confront their enemies with a forged name, and only in one case they refer to their epithet and honorific title. Apparently, these methods are in contradictory but not so if examined carefully. All three methods have a mythic and ritual origin revealing the role of name in the beliefs of ancient Iranians. In the past, some people believed that name is an important part of man's being and if his name is revealed to his enemies, he will be spellbound and defeated. So, in confronting the enemy, the heroes tried to hide their name or used a forged one. But, some other heroes believed that if the enemy utters their name that will enforce and excite the enemy to attack, so the heroes pre-empt and shout their own names and the enemy will be intimidated. The third aspect is that epithet is not a living part of the hero’s existence. So while refraining from revealing the name they could refer to their epithet facing the enemy. Manuscript profile -
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237 - The Talisman of Jamshid The Analysis of a Mythological Theme in Heroic Poems and Story-telling Texts (Naqqali); Based on Sām-nāmeh
Manoochehr Joukār Mahmood Rezāe Dashtearzhanah Mokhtār Ebrāhimi Lāle ĀshnāAccording to one of Iranian myths, Khvarenah (splendor or Farrah) separates from Jamshid in the disguise of a Warghan (Symorgh or falcon) and is released to Mitra, Fereydoun and Garshāsb. It is one of the ancient mythological underpinnings that has a strong reflection i MoreAccording to one of Iranian myths, Khvarenah (splendor or Farrah) separates from Jamshid in the disguise of a Warghan (Symorgh or falcon) and is released to Mitra, Fereydoun and Garshāsb. It is one of the ancient mythological underpinnings that has a strong reflection in Iranian mythology, epic and story-telling texts (naqqali). A mythological underpinning undergoes a variety of alterations- based on the temporal and spatial context- in its journey from the world of myth to the logical sphere of epic so that it would appear rational to the minds of readers. Then, in changing from epic to folk literature, has been transformed in accordance with the taste of people. Therefore, a mythological motif distances thematically from its origin to such an extent that it is difficult to locate its roots. In the present article, the attempt is made to consider the nexus of Jamishid’s talisman with separation of his Khvarenah and its releasing to Garshasb in the following heroic poems and story-telling scrolls (tumār): Sām-nāmeh, Garshāsb-nāmeh, Bahman-nāmeh, Farāmarz-nāmeh, Jahāngir-nāmeh, Shahryār-nāmeh, Tumar Naqqāli Shāhnāmeh, Tumār Haft Lashkar, Tumār Kohan Shāhnāme Ferdowsi, Tumār Shāhnāmeh Ferdowsi, Zarrin Qabānāmeh, Tumār Sāme Savār va Dokhtar Khāqān Chin. According to the authors of this paper, the attempts of Sistani heroes to open the talisman of Jamshid and to get the treasure or the sword embedded in the talisman are symbolic representation of releasing the heroic splendor (Khvarenah) from Jamshid to Garshāsb and it is presented as a metamorphic form in heroic poems and story-telling texts (naqqali). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Epic and Mythical Elements in Shānameh and Hadighat-al-Haghigheh and Divan of Sanāi
Abolqasem Qavām Zohreh HāshemiIn Persian classic literature, Sanāi is considered as one of the first innovative poets who have helped to expand poetic theme in various aspects such as panegyric, mystical and especially didactic and philosophical ones. Having mystical and ethical insights, he has had MoreIn Persian classic literature, Sanāi is considered as one of the first innovative poets who have helped to expand poetic theme in various aspects such as panegyric, mystical and especially didactic and philosophical ones. Having mystical and ethical insights, he has had a new attitude to various poetic contents and elements, including lyric, epic and so forth. In this research, we are going to answer this question: how has Sanāi applied the epic and mystic elements of Shānameh in Hadighat-al-Haghigheh and his Divan; and in what way did he look at these elements? On this basis, we conclude that Sanāi has employed these elements on aesthetic, didactic, mystic and panegyric bases respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The Deep Structure Analysis of the "Daughter of Vine" Metaphor Based on Hāfez's Poetry
alireza mozafari parisa habibiThe aim of present article is considering the deep structure of a metaphor, the metaphor of the daughter of vine, in poems of Persian poets, especially poems of Hāfez regarding mythological, historical-cultural, psychological and aesthetic point of view. For attaining t MoreThe aim of present article is considering the deep structure of a metaphor, the metaphor of the daughter of vine, in poems of Persian poets, especially poems of Hāfez regarding mythological, historical-cultural, psychological and aesthetic point of view. For attaining this aim, it is necessary to notice the cultural and social functions of metaphor in prehistoric ages, the role of myth in the process of formation of metaphor, as well as similarities between wine and feminine elements. The article consists of four chapters: mythology, history and culture, psychology and aesthetics. The research shows that there are inseparable connections between the feminine elements and wine in Iranian culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - The manifestations of informed innovation in Abonovas songs
maryam ranaeipour enayat fatehie nezhadThe manifestations of informed innovation in Abonovas songsAbonovas is one of the most famous modern poets in Abbasi era that he lined up and positioning toward ignorant poetry tradition and saw poetry as style and manner of predecessors useless and ineffective. Abonova MoreThe manifestations of informed innovation in Abonovas songsAbonovas is one of the most famous modern poets in Abbasi era that he lined up and positioning toward ignorant poetry tradition and saw poetry as style and manner of predecessors useless and ineffective. Abonovas difference from his peers in this field not only poem attention was to new themes and throwing a new design in a static building and body of Arabic poetry, but also Abonovas declared disgust and struggle with all of ignorance heritage loudly and clearly. This paper studies explanation of call dimensions of this poetic coup of Abonovas and also analyzes and checks the manifestations of poet innovation in Arabic poetry informed as descriptive-analytic method. The research findings show that Abonovas in tallali (lover house ruins) introductions sometimes invited in leaving the beginning of the poetry in this style of ignorant and called his followers to describe wine gatherings. He occasionally mentioned ironically the name of places that used more in ignorant poetry. And of other poets set aside this ancient style of poetry and sometimes deals with comparison and balance of ignorance life and luxury life in Abbasi era and counts well-being and comfort in this life. The poet in Qazal introductions included more literacy arrays in his poetic images that convey the meanings deeper to the audience. It's also checking the description of lover position. The poet obeyed his specific style and described his trip and private events. Keywords: Abbasi era, Poem, Informed innovation, Abonovas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Evolution in khaghani poems with the precedents point of view in mind
Sara Farzaneh Abbas MahyarKhaghani poem is a standard example to investigate his time line of beliefs and life due to his ups and downs In the childhood and environment , style of thinking and skills to use different sciences and thoughts , he used different knowledge and skills not as a startin MoreKhaghani poem is a standard example to investigate his time line of beliefs and life due to his ups and downs In the childhood and environment , style of thinking and skills to use different sciences and thoughts , he used different knowledge and skills not as a starting point and origin , but he as a knowledgeable man made use of them in the most beautiful and skilful way in internal layers of his poems , in a way that in the intertextuality considerations , his poems can be investigated by two levels of conceptual and verbal and notice the effect of holy book , story of prophets ,modern science of those days , mathematics , literature , interoperation , etc in his poems. This research is the result of investigating beliefs and life time line in khaghani poems , for this purpose libertarian resources and document review were used. Results of this investigation show that khaghani poems and the poet himself were influenced by those that made scientific and intellectual improvements possible , environment of the kingdom , events in his lifetime and with the help of modern sciences of those ages , he was able to travel the Longueur path . in this travel , maturity of her experiences and his turning in to a poet is obvious that necessitates deep investigations only by critics ,scholars and those brave and powerful interested poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - A survey on the subject of Palestinian kid in the poems of Abdulkarim Karmi
enayatollah fatehi nejad Mokhtar MojahedChildishness is one of the most significant levels in human growth process that plays important role in creation of man's personality. Therefore, educational specialists, psychologists, sociologists and belletrists have paid special attention to this issue. Abdulkarim MoreChildishness is one of the most significant levels in human growth process that plays important role in creation of man's personality. Therefore, educational specialists, psychologists, sociologists and belletrists have paid special attention to this issue. Abdulkarim Karmi as one of the great Palestinian poets from the first generation focuses on the subject of Palestinian kid and his related issues as one of his poem concerns. That’s why the poet has appropriated a part of his poem works to childish poems in order to achieve his educative and aesthetic aims. The poet's childish poems are investigated in the present article and the quality of suffer and favorites of Palestinian children are discussed in his poems. As the result, considering the Palestinian child is one of the most emotional themes of AbdulkarimKarami's poem. The poet's attention to Palestinian kids and their related issues is as sign of his high hope to bright future of Palestine and its freedom by the hands of these children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Aesthetic analysis of Ashoraee, Mazandarani Fadaee’s poemsfrom the aspect of array of intellectual traditional,modern(amphibology,epanodos,synaesthesia and paradox)
Freydoon Akbari sheldare Sayyed Mansoor FotookianThe essence of art, including literature and poetry, beauty and Scholars of rhetoric know, a novel as an arrangement of words .The clever poets in beauty secret are aware of the requirement Words and this article is going to be reviewed and analyzed the poems of M MoreThe essence of art, including literature and poetry, beauty and Scholars of rhetoric know, a novel as an arrangement of words .The clever poets in beauty secret are aware of the requirement Words and this article is going to be reviewed and analyzed the poems of Mazandarani Fadaee which is decorated by Ashoraee’s flavor from the aspect of Oratory, arrays, opacity, and Epanodos (traditional novel) and Paradox (New Novel). In Fadae’s poems, array of amphibology has a special prominent and it has the most frequency. And proportion opacity was observed in some lines. In his poems, array of opacity in the form of nature elements and religious ritual are artistically seen. It sometimes used expression and musical positions in the form of opacity for declaring the thoughts and religious Contents. It is concluded in “Epanodos ” section that Epanodos has the most frequency in the lines which the beauties of Ashoraee was investigated and in this realm ,the poet also writes the nature elements and its relation to the enormous event of Ashora and sometimes the other components. More “Paradox” is presented in two cases of Documentary s and expressive composition which Ashoraee has no frequency in the aspect of beauty and finally the array is investigated which sometimes apparently sense is related to mental and sometimes both of them which totally has a middle frequency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Introduction of the Handwritten Miscellany No. 156 of the Majles Library Regarding its Literary and Research Val
Asghar Bahari Seyyed Mehdi Nourian Atamohammad RadmaneshAlongside the collection of poems and the poets’ biographies, the dictionaries, the Amsal-o-Hekam books, the nonliterary works and poetry miscellany and collections are considered as the most important references of the literature and Farsi language where one can MoreAlongside the collection of poems and the poets’ biographies, the dictionaries, the Amsal-o-Hekam books, the nonliterary works and poetry miscellany and collections are considered as the most important references of the literature and Farsi language where one can come across a lot of samples of poems of the poets. The value of the recent type- that is, the poetry miscellany and poetry collections although not as much as the poetry collections and the poets’ biographies, one can gain access to poems and works that can be counted as the sole trustworthy references in some literary researches. Among these poetry miscellany and collections there is a valuable handwritten miscellany that has been estimated to have been recorded between the tenth and eleventh centuries and its handwritten copy is kept in the library of the majlis of Islamic council under number 156. This manuscript has been written by an unknown scribe and has been probably recorded based on the manuscript belonging to the sixth or seventh hijri century. The most prominent trait of this manuscript is the essence of the poems written by the unknown poets, the recent poems by the famous poets, and the attribution of some poems to the other poets, and some affidavits. The present article introduces this copy fully and tries to unravel its literary and research values for those who are interested in the poetry specially the Farsi poetry in the 5th, 1th, and 7th centuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Study on stylistic characteristics in first period of Persian poems (Taherid & Safarids)
Siavash Morshedi Mohammad Najjari From the first period of Persian poem – which started from first decades of 9th century and continued to the end of this century – survived just 64 verses (Poets: Hanzley-e Badgheysi, Mohammad bn Wasif-e Sagzi (from Sistan), Bassam-e Kurd, Mohammad bn More From the first period of Persian poem – which started from first decades of 9th century and continued to the end of this century – survived just 64 verses (Poets: Hanzley-e Badgheysi, Mohammad bn Wasif-e Sagzi (from Sistan), Bassam-e Kurd, Mohammad bn Mokhallad, Mahmud bn Warragh, Firuz Mashreghi, Abusolayk-e Gorgani and Shaker-e Bokhari (from Bokhara) which Gilbert Lazard in the oldest scattered Persian poems collected them. In the paper, have presented different definitions of style briefly, and eventually analyzed in the epoch style point of view, means the similar and specific characteristic in an epoch as frequency. The paper tries to study these poems as three points of view (External form, Internal Form, Subjective Form) and the results presented as frequency and in static charts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Poems about Palestine of salafa hijjawi
zahra abbasi semnani Leila ghasemi hajiabadiOne of the most productive branches of literature in Palestine’s territory is the literature of resistance and resistance literature can be considered as an influential part of the poem. A poem which is one of the most important trenches of the nation’s agai MoreOne of the most productive branches of literature in Palestine’s territory is the literature of resistance and resistance literature can be considered as an influential part of the poem. A poem which is one of the most important trenches of the nation’s against military domination, and cultural and political for the revolutionary people of Palestine’s Muslim. And that part of the literature in any country, including quantitative and qualitative growth and prosperity is not even getting close to the level which is occurring in Palestine. Sulafa hijjawi is a contemporary poet of the Palestinian resistance, the Palestinian issues are devoted much of his odes; he tries to employ the most prominent thematic elements in the poetry of resistance, such as displacement, exile, occupation, martyrs and also using modern technical means in Arabic poetry as an element of repetition, imagery and poetic mysteries, beauty of his poems has a deep impact on the reader’s sentiment on the disclosure of the nature of the Zionist regime and has an important role to defend of their country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Motif of the Qur'anic characters in Samih Al-Qasim Sustainability Poem
Masoud bavanpouri Maryam Daryanavard Hadiseh Motavali Parvin KhaliliMotif is one of the phenomena used to understand literary texts and serves to beautify the poetic subject, and also expresses the poet's efforts to further assist the readers in understanding poetry. One of the most important motifs that has strong and beautiful motifs MoreMotif is one of the phenomena used to understand literary texts and serves to beautify the poetic subject, and also expresses the poet's efforts to further assist the readers in understanding poetry. One of the most important motifs that has strong and beautiful motifs proportional to the language and spirit of the poet is the re-reading of various characters in poetry; in fact, the motif of characters is a means for interpreting the poet's feelings. Sustained poetry is full of religious, mythical, and historical memories, and so on; religious rituals are of particular importance in Palestine's sustainability poetry. In many of his poems, the poets have used Qur'anic characters to bestow their emotions. Samih al-Qasim was one of the great contemporary Arab poets. He occasionally used these rationales and characters in accordance with their Qur'anic readings, and in other parts of his poems, he used this mystery according to his will. His poetry is full of epics spirit and resistance to Israel and oppression. The poet has been well versed in his poems about Qur'anic characters, enriching and deepening their poetic themes. The most important characters are Cain, Adam, Noah, Moses. All of them are symbols for fighting against oppression in their poetry. by studying the poems of Samih al-Qasim and using the descriptive-analytical method, the authors express the of Qur'anic characters of symbolic meaning of his poem and their implications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Study of the Symptomology of Bipolar Disorders (Manic-Depressive) in Forough Farrokhzad's Poems
Arash MoshfaghiAbstractWith a profound look at the literary works of poets and literary writers, one can see the growth and development of literature and psychology. Since, every created work is not outside the world of psychology. Because the inner psychological states of the c MoreAbstractWith a profound look at the literary works of poets and literary writers, one can see the growth and development of literature and psychology. Since, every created work is not outside the world of psychology. Because the inner psychological states of the creator of the work shadow on the created work, and in fact, the literary work expresses the conscious and unconscious inner psychological dynamics of the author. One of these common situations in the individuals, especially in the poets, can be depressed mood which leads to "depression". Depression disorder, which is placed in the inside of mood disorders class, in its full form, has several types that one of its types is bipolar disorder (Manic-Depressive). The aim of the present study was to examine the poems of Forough Farrokhzad, known as Pari Shahdokht of contemporary poetry, based on the semiotics of bipolar disorder (Manic-Depressive). For this purpose, the analytical method of poetry of the poet was used. According to the results, it seems that the existence of two essential drives of life and death in Forough's poems is impressive. The poet has been able to place two opposite and contradictory sources in her poems with artistic techniques, all of which emanate from inner psychological states full of contrasts and contradictions of human. The main factor of these states can be attributed to the failures, frustrations, and backwardness of social knowledge and ... of any human being which is very prominent in the poems of this poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - An Analysis on the Anima Archetype in the Lyric Poem of "Mehr and Moshtari" from Assar Tabrizi
Vida Rekab Arash Moshfeghi Gholam Hossein JavanmardAbstract Dealing with the internal conditions of the characters and its symbols is of the important traits of the lyric poetry. This internality has close relationship with the archetypes posed in psychology which include anim MoreAbstract Dealing with the internal conditions of the characters and its symbols is of the important traits of the lyric poetry. This internality has close relationship with the archetypes posed in psychology which include anima and animus. Based on the Jung theory, the archetypes of anima are the portrayal of feministic morality and approach in masculine gender and by the experience of race throughout the history. This approach in its various forms, has manifested itself in the lyric poem of Mehr and Moshtari from Assar Tabrizi ( 8th c ). Mehr, as a beloved, has extensive function in the development of the story; but in some occasions her feministic morality has made her distinct from other characters. And also, Moshtary, with ambiguous behavior approaches much to feministic character. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytic method, by taking advantage of library technique, we have tried to study and analyze these phenomena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Concept of joyance and its Synonyms from the View Point of Khayyam , Khagani and Salman Sawaji
Mas'ud Partovi Nejad Foomani Mohammad Reza Shad Manamen Alireza NikooeeAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create jo MoreAbstract Joyance, the internal tranquility, which causes the human mentality to understand and have pleasure, is manifested by cheerfulness and smiling expression in man. Nowadays, numerous criteria are introduced to create joy and relative decrease of sadness which some of them have little or short term impact on hilarity of man. Literature and poems of poets have had increasing effect on people's minds and souls in different settings. One of the most significant matters from the view point of poets is joyance and its derivatives; therefore, in this essay, we have tried to investigate the matter of happiness from the three poets' perspectives, and it was revealed that Khayyam, besides his philosophical and mathematical insights , considers the world ephemeral and invites people to joy and happiness and to take advantage from the short life. Khagani, in addition to his knowledge in other sciences, calls his readers to have pleasure in life and by alluding to festivals, ceremonies, and kings' feasts and description of nature encourages the common people to have high spirit. Salman Sawaji considers love mostly spiritual and emphasizes on internal joy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Musical Analysis of Social Lyric Poems in Constitutional Era
Soudabeh Yousefian Darani Morteza Rashidi Ashjerdi Mahboubeh KhorasaniAbstract Social lyric poem is one of the lyrics that was current in constitutional revolution in Iran. In this essay, first the social lyric poem is defined and explained in brief, later we investigate the poems morphologicall MoreAbstract Social lyric poem is one of the lyrics that was current in constitutional revolution in Iran. In this essay, first the social lyric poem is defined and explained in brief, later we investigate the poems morphologically under three basic adjacent musical ( range and rhyme ), outside musical ( rhythm ) and medieval musical )literal adornments ). Most of the social lyric poems in constitutional era have range and most of the ranges are in dynamic order. Also, words such as liberation, motherland, labor, revolution which entered the poetry and lyric in regard to political and social conditions have been used in range and rhyme position. Most of the constitutional social lyric poems have been composed of moderate light and height which are in sorrowful and smooth rhythm. Among these rhythms and content of social poems the are era of adaptation and relativity. Also literal adornments such as play on words, harmonious cadence, and pun have been used so richly in these lyric poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Studying the Social Problems of Maulana in the Ghazalyyate (collection of lyric poems ) Shams
Elaheh Rahmanian Reza Ashrafzadeh Batool FakhroleslamAbstract Any literary work has a sign of social origin in its texture. The social environment in which the work has flourished is reflected in the style and expression of its writer. Shams' collection of lyric poems is one of MoreAbstract Any literary work has a sign of social origin in its texture. The social environment in which the work has flourished is reflected in the style and expression of its writer. Shams' collection of lyric poems is one of these works in which Maulana deals with most of the facts, and customs and social conditions. Maulana's poetry is the reflection of his own social life and illustration of realities of his own era, and demonstrates his own individual and social characteristics. The present research is an attempt in analyzing the social character of Maulana in the Shams' lyrics which is a way in understanding the cultural and social problems of the author and it is a useful instrument to talk about his romantic and mystical system of thought. The social dimension of Maulana's characteristics, in the Diwane Shams have been surveyed in two sections: the first one is the social asset and the second one is the sociology of Diwane Shams from which the first dimension had much more impact. We expect this research be a thoroughfare to go to ethical virtues and reject of meanness and humility in the present era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The Culture-maker Myths (The Link between Myths and Religious Characters in Panegyric Poem)
Amiesmael Azar taha HashemiPanegyric poem is one of the most commonkinds of poems in Persian literature. It goes back to one thousand years ago. The panegyric poets in comparison with their predecessor have done many changes in form and content both. We witness a link between Panegyric poem and I MorePanegyric poem is one of the most commonkinds of poems in Persian literature. It goes back to one thousand years ago. The panegyric poets in comparison with their predecessor have done many changes in form and content both. We witness a link between Panegyric poem and Iranian Myths. As an example the term of Shah (king) in combinations:“Shah-e- Mardan Ali”, Shah-e- Vellayat, Shah-e- Najaf or the prefix of Mehr (kindness) like Mehr Ali. The combinations that have been coined through history.Regarding Iranians tendency to their myths and also their respect to religious leaders, they gradually combine their myths to their religious characters. The word such as sun and its cognates are used as an epithet to respectable characters specially Imam Ali(as). Actually the myths have been saved historically in the unconscious part of nation’s mind. Illustrating of this issue is the main aim of authors here. These changes have been done in differnet aspects including myths and because of its mysterious function reveal as a cultural phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - The analysis of Ideational meta function in Mehdi Akhavan e Sales’s Poem, “ The eighth trial” according to Halliday’s functional Grammar
mohammadtaghi jahani sara hosseiniAbstract Since Halliday’s functional grammar provides the possibility of studying texts as a complete consistent whole it proves quite efficient in conducting literary studies. This branch of modern grammar relies on three main metafunctions including MoreAbstract Since Halliday’s functional grammar provides the possibility of studying texts as a complete consistent whole it proves quite efficient in conducting literary studies. This branch of modern grammar relies on three main metafunctions including ideational, interpersonal, and textual ones, and is concerned with inspection of texts as well as examining the role of language in representation of reality, interpersonal interactions, and meaning of texts. Ideational metafunction is further divided into six kinds of processes which include material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal, and existential ones. In ancient epic works due to the fact that the composer made an effort to create an objective palpable image from a national heroic tale he employed material processes more than other process types, however in new epics considering the change of coordinates in human societies, the composer depending on the form he selects for his tale may use different processes in his work. Mehdi Akhavan Sales who is the most distinguished contemporary epic composer had made use of mental and verbal processes the most, in the eighth trial poem. The narrative form of the tale, presence of a naqqal in the tale, and then the presence of the poet as naqqal or the second narrator, the descriptive dominance of the structure of the tale, and also the connection of the tale with Rostam’s seventh trial are the chief reasons for employing these kinds of processes in the eighth trial. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Mythological themes of fire in Avesta and Bondahesh and their reflection on Persian literature
Masoumeh Mahloujizadeh Mahabadi -Hamid Reza Shayeganfar Mehrangiz OhadiFire is one of the four elements the discovery of which transformed the life style in humans. This element has always been revered by all nations. Some worshipped it while others used it in their rituals. From the distant past till present whethe MoreFire is one of the four elements the discovery of which transformed the life style in humans. This element has always been revered by all nations. Some worshipped it while others used it in their rituals. From the distant past till present whether in mourning ceremonies or in festivities fire with its symbolic dual meaning has been present in human’s life and played an indispensable role in man’s life in various ways. Nowadays candle serves the same illuminating purpose in all occasions, be it in feasts or in mourning despite the conflict it might offer it conveys a kind of peace which explains its common use in the world. All renowned civilizations worldwide have different stories for the advent of fire and the common point in all mythologies throughout the world is that its discovery has been recognized as a turning point in man’s life and been revered by all. Using descriptive analytic method as well as library sources this research is an attempt to study the standpoint of fire in Avesta and Bondahesh and further analyze the conflict embedded in this symbolic element. Fire had been an inspiration for poets to compose enchanting poetry by creating a multifaceted feelings to prepare the grounds for composition. This is in accordance with the history of variety of forms fire displays in Avesta and Bondahesh where the root of this element lies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Amir Khosrow Dehlavi and music in his Diwan
Abbas KaymaneshThis article is an attempt to investigate briefly the social life of Amir khosrow and his spiritual preceptor Nezamal-din olya from the standpoint of music. Also, his role in conjoining the music of Iran and India is verified. The musical characteristics of his poems ar MoreThis article is an attempt to investigate briefly the social life of Amir khosrow and his spiritual preceptor Nezamal-din olya from the standpoint of music. Also, his role in conjoining the music of Iran and India is verified. The musical characteristics of his poems are examined with reference to the Persian prosody, thereby revealing his art of poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Investigation of Reformism and Modernism from Farrokhi’s standpoint (1267-1318)
Mahmood Sadegh zadehThe concept of Reformation and modernism is one of the main, wide scope and diverse subjects in constitutional period and intellectuals and constitutionalists each had a certain impression of it which later caused conflicts and created many historical, cultural and poli MoreThe concept of Reformation and modernism is one of the main, wide scope and diverse subjects in constitutional period and intellectuals and constitutionalists each had a certain impression of it which later caused conflicts and created many historical, cultural and political problems. Farrokhi Yazdi, considering his political tendencies and his thoughts and his harsh critical style, seriously believed in fundamental reform, revival of ideas and acquisition of western science and technology and in his political fights this has been his constant preoccupation. Thus, the most frequent subject matter in his editorials was concerned with direct criticism against the dogmatic regime, and flimsy parliament, also reform, idealism, and modernism. As yet not a single research has been done on this aspect. Attempt is made in this article to criticize and investigate Farrokhi’s viewpoints on Reformation and Modernism based on the result of reviewing and analysis of newspapers, editorials, and his poetry from the following perspectives: A- Obstacles and problems on a way to Constitutionalism, Revolutionary Reforms B- Necessity for Revolutionary Reforms and influential factors involved C- Modern Approaches and acquisition of western science and technology Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Searching Social Institutions in the poetry of Kalim Kashani
Ismaeil Hakemi Vala Parnoosh PajouheshThe sociological approach to literature examines a literary work with reference to the social milieu of its creator and focuses on the interaction between social milieu and literary work, and it introduces the role of the society in the creation of a work of art. The pu MoreThe sociological approach to literature examines a literary work with reference to the social milieu of its creator and focuses on the interaction between social milieu and literary work, and it introduces the role of the society in the creation of a work of art. The purpose of this article is as follows: 1. Investigation of the impact of sociology on the Persian Literature. 2. A glance at the political and literary milieu in Safavid era. 3. Short Introduction to Kalim Kashani and his poetry. 4. Investigating social institutions from the sociologists’ perspective. 5. Evaluation of social elements in Kashani’s poetry using social institutions as yardsticks in order to illustrate the role of social effects in mirroring the society of his time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - External music in the Poetry of Naderpour
Habibullah Abbasi Hamed ZakeriNader Naderpour is the great contemporary poet in Iran whose poetry is seldom analyzed and investigated till present. This article aims at discussing external music (meter) in his poetry and illustrating the manner in which it manifests itself in his poems. MoreNader Naderpour is the great contemporary poet in Iran whose poetry is seldom analyzed and investigated till present. This article aims at discussing external music (meter) in his poetry and illustrating the manner in which it manifests itself in his poems. In order to achieve this goal, first an introduction is given regarding poetry and music focusing on the meter. Second all the meters employed by him are exemplified. Then all his poems such as traditional, quatrain, free verse are classified. Finally a conclusion is drawn and discussed accordingly. Manuscript profile
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