infection

Open Access Article

1 - Antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integron genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord
Marziyeh Soleymanian نازیلا ارباب سلیمانی sanaz khaksar haghani

Integrons are mobile genetic elements capable of carrying resistance genes to various antibiotics. These elements have been found in different places of plasmid and chromosome. The aim of this present study was determine the prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in E More

Integrons are mobile genetic elements capable of carrying resistance genes to various antibiotics. These elements have been found in different places of plasmid and chromosome. The aim of this present study was determine the prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in Escherichia coli isolates isolated from urinary tract infection in Shahrekord. In this research, the number of 64 isolates of Escherichia coli were investigated. The antibiotic resistance of the investigated isolates was evaluated using a simple disking method in Mueller Hinton agar medium. In order to determine the frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, specific primer pairs were used. After the antibiogram test, the highest resistance to ampicillin (75%) and the lowest resistance to imipenem (12.5%) were observed. The frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integron genes was observed as 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.12%, respectively. None of the integron genes were observed in 52 isolates. In the statistical analysis with chi-square test, a statistically significant relationship was observed between class 1 integron and resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin (p = 0.02 < 0.05). Due to the fact that resistance genes are located on integrons and can be transferred from one strain to another strain and spread resistance in the hospital or other environments, this has doubled the importance of identifying this type of antibiotic resistance genes. Key words: Escherichia coli, integron, antibiotic resistance, urinary infection Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Emerging 2019-ncov disease: A narrative review on the personal and social preventive behaviors
Vahid Ranaei Soudabeh Yarmohammadi Leyla Alizadeh Sakineh Dadipoor Zahra Pilevar Teamur Aghamolaei

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3 - Study on parasitic infections of native poultry in Golestan province
میثم Mamashly SH Rqnjbar-Bahadori ابوالقاسم Safdari رضا Aghaebrahimi-Samani

Poultry breeding in free environmental situation may cause an extensive band of parasiticinfection in them. In the present study, 110 native poultry from wet regions (Gorgan,Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Aliabad katool, Kalaleh, and Galikesh) and dry regions (Gonbad-eKavoos an More

Poultry breeding in free environmental situation may cause an extensive band of parasiticinfection in them. In the present study, 110 native poultry from wet regions (Gorgan,Minoodasht, Azadshahr, Aliabad katool, Kalaleh, and Galikesh) and dry regions (Gonbad-eKavoos and agh-ghala) in 2009 were collected randomly. After necropsy of trachea anddigestive system, its includings were checked by helminth existence and mucosal intestinesamples were checked by digestion prptozoa. Moreover, external coat and surface of poultrywere studied for presence of ectoparasites. Meanwhile, blood samples of poultry were studiedfor blood protozoa.Results showed that 97.27% of native poultry in Golestan province were infected to parasitesand isolated parasites were including: Heterakis galinarum (18.18%), Subulura brumpti(7.27%), Acuaria spiralis (5.45%), Capilaria sp (1.81%), Ascaridia galli (48.18%), Syngamustrachea (15.45%), Hymenolepis sp (2.73%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (11.81%), Railietinatetragona (53.63%), Railietina cesticyllus (14.45%), Railietina echinobothrida (25.45%),Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (1.81%), Menopon gallinae (72.72%), Argas persicus (13.63%),Menocanthus stramineus (0.9%), Goniodes dissimilis (1.81%), Dermanyssus gallinae (1.81%),Haemoproteus sp (1.81%), and Eimeria spp (2.73%). Therefore, it seems that it is necessary tocontrol of parasitic infection in poultry of Golestan province is possible by applying specificmanagement method and control of their vectors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Dirofilaria immitis occult infection and seropervalence in sheepdogs in Sarab (East Azerbaijan Province)
مجید خانمحمدی

Dirofilaria immitis is one of the circulatory system parasite of dogs and the effects ofcardiopulmonary severe in animal's causes, according to the zoonotic of this parasite and toverify the primary infection of Dirofilaria immitis in the Sarab district, a cross section More

Dirofilaria immitis is one of the circulatory system parasite of dogs and the effects ofcardiopulmonary severe in animal's causes, according to the zoonotic of this parasite and toverify the primary infection of Dirofilaria immitis in the Sarab district, a cross sectional studywere conducted on 384 sheepdogs. ELISA tested sera. Seropervalence rate 13.5% (52/384) wasreported. The highest seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in 4-6 years dog 21.7% (37/170) andlowest in 0-2 years dog 5.5% (7 /126) was reported. Seroprevalence in male dogs 14/3%(44/306) and in females was 10/ 2% (8/78). The highest infection rate of dogs in the Jaldabakhan village with 48.14% (13/27) and the lowest infection rate of dogs in the Asbfroshanvillage were with 2.8% (2/70). In the study between infection, sex, race, and how the dog keptwas not statistically significant relationship, but with increased age infection level were alsoincreased. Thirty-five dogs 0.5 to 7 years old from various villages of Sarab, and the researchdesign and euthanized in during visceral leishmaniasis studies. They were autopsied andexamined the hearts and lungs (especially pulmonary arteries) for the nematode. Rate of theinfection in the dogs was three cases (8.5%). Only seven adult male of Dirofilaria immitis wascollected from pulmonary artery and one adult male nematode in right ventricular of the dogs.That revealed Dirofilaria immitis occult infection (no present of the microfilariae in the blood)in the dog. The findings of this study Dirofilaria immitis infection in this area need for morecomprehensive review and control pollution will emphasize. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Case Report of Mixed Infection in Holstein cattle with Theileria annulata and Babesia bigemina in one of the Tabriz Traditional dairies
امیررضا جوادی ممقانی عباس شهبازی اسماعیل فلاح مجید خانمحمدی احمد نعمت اللهی جواد اشرفی هلان مجید فرتاش وند محمود محامی اسکوئی

Babesia bigemina and Theileria Anulata infection is common in tropical and sub tropical areasof Iran. Simultaneous infection with Theileria annulata and Anaplasma marginale in cattle hasbeen reported from Kerman, but there is not any published report on Simultaneous inf More

Babesia bigemina and Theileria Anulata infection is common in tropical and sub tropical areasof Iran. Simultaneous infection with Theileria annulata and Anaplasma marginale in cattle hasbeen reported from Kerman, but there is not any published report on Simultaneous infection ofcattle with Theileria annulata and Babsia bigemina in Iran. The present report implies a case ofconcurrent infection of cattle with Theileria annulata and Babesia bigemina in one of thetraditional dairies of Tabriz. Clinical signs include swelling of the superficial lymph nodes,fever (40-41°C), anorexia, and increased hearing area of the heart sound, tachycardia, severeanemia, Haemoglobinuria, and Cachexia. Blood smears prepared from the ear vein and stainedwith Geimsa stain and observation of the morphologic characteristics by light microscope andresults of PCR method, showed simultaneous infection with Theileria annulata and Babsiabegemina. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Experimental study on co-infection of H9N2 avian influenza virus with Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in specific- pathogen- free chickens
آیدین عزیزپور حسین گودرزی سعید چرخکار رضا ممیز محمدحسن حبل الورید

In this study, pathogenesis of co-infection of (A/Chicken/Iran/ m.1/2010) H9N2 virus and (ORT-R87-7/1387) Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale bacteria, and tissue tropism and dissemination ofthis co-infection throughout the body of SPF chickens were investigated. The clinic More

In this study, pathogenesis of co-infection of (A/Chicken/Iran/ m.1/2010) H9N2 virus and (ORT-R87-7/1387) Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale bacteria, and tissue tropism and dissemination ofthis co-infection throughout the body of SPF chickens were investigated. The clinical signs andgross lesions of the infected chicks were also monitored. Forty, 21-day-old SPF chicks weredivided randomly into two groups (20 chicks in the experimental and 20 chicks in the controlgroup). At the age of three weeks, the chicks in the experimental group were inoculated by eyedropwith the virus of 106 EID50 and intratracheally with the bacteria of 1 ×١٠١٠CFU. Thesamples from various tissues were collected at 2, 4,6,8,10,12 and 14 days post-inoculation(DPI). We used culture on blood agar for detection of the bacteria and isolation assay inembryonated chicken eggs (SPF) to evaluate virus dissemination. Experimental group chickensexhibited depression, reduced appetite, ruffled feathers, more severe respiratory signs and 15%mortality. The most remarkable clinical signs appeared on day 3 PI. H9N2 was detected in thelungs and trachea on days 2 and 4 PI. The virus was also found in the Bursa of fabricius on days2 and 6 PI. The H9N2 virus was observed only on day 2 PI in Thymus and Liver, and only onday 8 PI in Kidneys. We could not trace the virus in the spleen, cecal tonsils and cloaca duringstudy. ORT was isolated in the swabs of trachea on days 2 and 4 PI. The bacteria was alsofound in the lungs on day 4 PI.But ORT was not detected in swab samples taken from heart andliver during study. The Results of this study indicated that H9N2 virus and ORT bacteria wasnot detected from days 6 and 10 PI, respectively and also concurrent infectious with H9N2 virusand ORT bacteria could exacerbates clinical signs and gross lesions in infected chickens Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes isolated from human skin tissue rashes and ewes milk with subacute mastitis
Kiani salmi, A., Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi, A., Mokhtari, A. .

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium of the micro cocaceae family and by the release of toxins such as enterotoxins provides invasion to the host. The aim of this study was to identify enterotoxin genes of Sea, Seb, Sec and Sed in Staphylococcus aur More

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccal bacterium of the micro cocaceae family and by the release of toxins such as enterotoxins provides invasion to the host. The aim of this study was to identify enterotoxin genes of Sea, Seb, Sec and Sed in Staphylococcus aureus isolates of human skin infections and ewes with subacute mastitis. In this study 110 suspected S. Aureus isolates were collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, the isolates were confirmed using microbiological standard methods. Then the PCR test was performed on 67 samples using specific primers to identify mentioned genes. The results showed that within 38 samples of human skin infections 19 cases were positive for Seb and Sea genes. 7 cases had Seb gene (18.42%). And 12 samples (31.58%).) were positive for Seagene. Within29 samples of ewe subacute mastitis 13 cases were positive for Sea, Seb, Sec and Sed genes. 5 samples had Sea gene (17.24%), 4 were positive for Seb (13.79%), 3 were positive for Sec (10.34%) and 1 had Sed gene (3.45%). Results were confirmed by sequencing and showed a high percentage of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens had enterotoxin genes. Given the importance of these toxins produced by pathogenic strains, if the expression of these genes occurs, early treatment of infection would be necessary. Manuscript profile

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8 - An experimental study of histopathological lesions of secondary infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus following inoculation by Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in SPF chickens
آیدین Azizpour زهرا Amirajam راحم , khoshbakht نورالدین Hosseinpour Azad

10.30495/jcp.2023.22494

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type, severity and extent of tissue lesions induced by secondary infection with avian influenza virus following inoculation by ORT in SPF chickens. Sixty, one-day-old SPF chicks were provided and divided randomly into three More

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type, severity and extent of tissue lesions induced by secondary infection with avian influenza virus following inoculation by ORT in SPF chickens. Sixty, one-day-old SPF chicks were provided and divided randomly into three groups. At the age of 21 days, the chicks in the first group were inoculated only with ORT and second group inoculated first with ORT and three days later with H9N2 virus. Each bird in third group was received only with PBS as control. Tissue samples were taken from trachea, lungs, liver, kidneys, bursa of fabricius, thymus, spleen and cecal tonsils for histopathological studies and after preparation and tissue sections were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) method. In chickens of the first group, ORT bacteria in addition to cause tissue lesions in organs of the respiratory system (loss of cilia with infiltration of mononuclear cells under the mucosa in the trachea, hyperemia and pneumonia in the lung), liver (congestion of sinusoids and central veins) and the kidneys (Hemorrhage and necrosis of urinary tubes) in  immune system organs also cause tissue lesions such as lymphocyte depletion in the bursa of fabricius, congestion and heterophil infiltration in thymus and increase in the of lymphoid follicles in the spleen and cecal tonsils. The histopathological lesions in chickens of the second group was more severe and longer than that of the first group. Tissue changes were not observed in control group. The results of this study showed that in chickens inoculated by ORT and under secondary infection with avian influenza virus cause exacerbate and prolongation histopathological lesions induced by ORT. Manuscript profile

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9 - A Comparative Study Concerned with the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infected and Non-Infected Persons with Helicobacter Pylori in the City of Kashan
M. H. Arabi M. Taghizadeh S. M. Takhte Firozeh F. Baharloei M. Pourbabaei M. Mahloji H. Akbari Sh. Alvani

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a common infectious disease that has numerous sideeffects. The impact of these infections because of decreased iron absorption in reducinggastric acid secretion and the consequent anemia has been mentioned. In this study, acomparativ More

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a common infectious disease that has numerous sideeffects. The impact of these infections because of decreased iron absorption in reducinggastric acid secretion and the consequent anemia has been mentioned. In this study, acomparative study concerned with the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infected andnon-infected persons with Helicobacter pylori in the city of Kashan have been studied.Materials and Methods: The people who were referred to the laboratory to evaluate theantibody IGg were 412 people of whom 229 were infected and 183 were non-infected. 3 ml ofblood samples were taken to measure the serum ferritin (SF) and complete blood count (CBC).Results: The mean and standard deviation of competing blood counts based on the status ofinfection with H. pylori showed that the serum ferritin (SF) in the infected patients was lessthan the non- infected persons (p =0.04) and this difference based on gender was significant inwomen (p <0.001). The indices showed that the SF in all age groups of infected persons isLess than non infected persons and this difference in persons over 60 was also significant (p<0.001). Also in the women over 30, the mean of SF in infected persons was less than the noninfected persons and this difference was significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the amount of SF of H. pylori infected womenespecially in those over 30 significantly has decreased that might be due to the impairment of iron absorption in the infected persons. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Comparison of gamma ray and ultraviolet radiation on regrowth control of microorganism in urban sewage effluent
Amir Hossein Madah Maral khodadadi sanaz khorami pour

10.22034/jest.2021.35819.4263

Background and Objective:Due to the severe shortage of water resources in Iran, the application of wastewater effluent for agriculture has become inevitable. Disinfection is one of the crucial steps in water treatment. Common disinfection technologies such as chlorinati More

Background and Objective:Due to the severe shortage of water resources in Iran, the application of wastewater effluent for agriculture has become inevitable. Disinfection is one of the crucial steps in water treatment. Common disinfection technologies such as chlorination can effectively control microbial pathogens; however, undesirable disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are known to be toxic and carcinogenic. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare disinfection efficiency and regrowth control of microorganisms in urban wastewater effluent using gamma radiation and Ultra Violet treatments. Method: The pre-disinfection effluent (before chlorination unit) was collected from south Tehran wastewater treatment plant, Tehran, Iran. The applied gamma radiation doses were 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 kGy. UV disinfection systems were developed using a reactor with 1 L of liquid volume. The disinfection efficiency was evaluated based on the total colony count and total Coliform. For bacterial regrowth evaluation, the samples were incubated at 22 ◦C, 100rpm for three days in dark condition. Findings: The number of total Coliform in all gamma ray doses was zero at the beginning of the experiment. The re-growth of total Coliform was observed at doses less than 2 kGy. In the treatment of ultraviolet radiation, at the beginning of the experiment, the lowest flow rate had the highest disinfection efficiency. However, after three days, the total Coliform population was higher than the allowed limit in all of the inflow rates. Discussion and Conclusion: Gamma radiation can be applied as an effective alternative technique to UV treatment for disinfection processes without bacterial regrowth. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Synthesis and Investigation of Open Cell Polyurethane Sponge-Silver Oxide Nanocomposite Efficacy in Water Disinfection
H.R. Ashjari-Basmenj M. S. Seyed Dorraji M. H. Rasoulifard M. Moghadam Shima Sheikh Mohammadi

10.22034/jest.2018.25544.3443

Background and Objective: The use of nanotechnology is one of the most important and effective methods for microbial enumeration and water treatment. Dispersing the silver oxide nanoparticles in different polymer matrixes (in particular, open cell polyurethane sponge ma More

Background and Objective: The use of nanotechnology is one of the most important and effective methods for microbial enumeration and water treatment. Dispersing the silver oxide nanoparticles in different polymer matrixes (in particular, open cell polyurethane sponge matrixes) can be an efficient way in the water treatment and microbial enumeration. Method: In the present study, the silver oxide nanoparticles were dispersed into the open cell polyurethane sponge raw materials and then, the polyurethane sponge was synthesized using a One-shot method. In addition, the usability of synthesized polyurethane sponge as an antibacterial agent for water disinfection was investigated by using "plate counting" (reducing the bacteria number in contaminated water over time) method. Also the 0.5 McFarland (1.5*108 CFU/ml) suspensions diluted with biomass serum (1:2) of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as contaminated water. Ultimately, the structural properties of synthetic sponges were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Findings: The end of 12 hours has been recognized the antimicrobial activities of the prepared sponges against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus are acceptable. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of the prepared sponges against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus are acceptable. The results also showed that nanocomposite in certain conditions after 6 and 8 hours prevented the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, respectively. So that after 6 and 8 hours contact with the nanocomposite, the number of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in contaminated water was reduced by 100% (t0=50*106 CFU/ml, t6=0*106CFU/ml) and 30% (t0=50*106 CFU/ml, t8=35*106CFU/ml), respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Development and utilization of antimicrobial sponges in water treatment processes can reduce the use of chemical agents to infection control. Silver oxide nanoparticles, due to the high surface-to-volume ratio and interactions with the bacterial cell walls, cause damage to the bacterial cell walls and destroy the cellular structure of the bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The effect of "Hydrogen peroxide- Silver ion Complex" on fecal coliform content in aerated lagoon Effluent
Mohammad Khazaei Ramin Nabizadeh Kazem Naddafi Hasan Izanlou Zeinab Yavari Mehdi Asadi

An appropriate disinfectant in water and wastewater applications must have acceptable effect on different kind of micro-organisms especially in minor concentrations which should contain ignorable toxicity on human and animals and its environmental side effects must be v More

An appropriate disinfectant in water and wastewater applications must have acceptable effect on different kind of micro-organisms especially in minor concentrations which should contain ignorable toxicity on human and animals and its environmental side effects must be very low. Studies related to finding non-chlorinated disinfectants which have same effects of chlorine and not contain its adverse by-products are continued in recent years. Hydrogen peroxide solution with stabilized formulation and oligo-dynamic amounts of silver ion (trade mark: Nanosil) recently become a popular disinfectant for fruits، vegetables، surfaces، medical instruments and disinfections.  This study was based on determining removal efficiency of fecal coliforms from samples taken from Qom wastewater treatment plant effluents after exposing with hydrogen peroxide-silver ion complex. Disinfectant efficiency was studied in six concentrations. Contact time for all concentrations was one hour. Sample size was 12 and sampling was daily.  Results reveal that in concentration; 80mg/l، disinfectant achieves 2.1 logarithmic removals of fecal coliforms. In concentration; 480mg/l، fecal coliforms logarithmic removal was 5.3. In CT value 5800(mg/l). Min and more، the fecal coliforms effluent standard for surface water discharge and agriculture irrigation was achieved (Iranian environmental protection agency act). Use of hydrogen peroxide-silver ion complex as a water and wastewater disinfectant، has various benefits such as; don't remain hazardous by products، measurable residual amount an but because of its oxidation nature when contact the organic materials in wastewater and microbial harboring in suspended solids content of effluent، its application in wastewater effluent is more costly than other usual disinfectants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Using Of Method Ozonetion for Mineral Water treatment
Hassan Zhian

Mineral water and drinking water are one of thevital and immediate needs for human beings.Depending age and weather, everybody needsabout one to two liters. The origin of %80 ofhuman diseases are unavailability of healthywater.%75 percent of people in developingcountrie More

Mineral water and drinking water are one of thevital and immediate needs for human beings.Depending age and weather, everybody needsabout one to two liters. The origin of %80 ofhuman diseases are unavailability of healthywater.%75 percent of people in developingcountries are deprived of facilities for water.Actually , healthy water scarce and expensive.Pollutions descend quality of water by changingit physically, chemically and biologically.Someof the pollutions are decadence and can bedecreased easily, like human, animal andagricultural drainages.Some of the pollutionsare undecadence , like polop and Mercury, andplastices that we should reduce them in water.In this reseach two samples of mineral waterfound in northern Mahabad, west Azarbaigan,with hardness of 42 , 36 mg/l(CaCo3) areinvestigated. Then, different amount of Ozonegas is injection in to mineral water and biologicaland chemical changes probed.The used Ozonator can produce 25 mg Ozoneper hour.We used iodometry method in order todetermine amount of ozone gas . In injection of1.25 mg/l we have done complete removal ofdiatomaceae in sample (1) and up to 99 percentin sample (2). Both had complete removal ofchlorophyceae in 1.1 mg/l complete remove ofBOD5 sample 1 in 1.1 mg/l Ozone and sample 2in 1 mg / lit ozone are produced.We had 65 percent reduction of COD for injectionof 1.2 my Ozone for sample (1) and 68 percent forsample (2).Complete disinfection is done in both by 0.5 mgper liter.In this method agreeable water is achievedbecause no chemical is used and we don’t need toprovide chemical substance . So, we can introduceOzonetion the best method for water treatment . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Survey and Analysis of Production and Management of Medical Waste in Golestan Province, Iran
Mazdak Dorbeiki Hooman Bahmanpour Ataollah Golalipour Ali Ghaemi Morteza Mallah

Medical waste is one of the challenges of the modern society which its poor management has undesirable impacts on the environment and human health. The present research addresses the current situation of medical wastes in Golestan province in the North of Iran. This is More

Medical waste is one of the challenges of the modern society which its poor management has undesirable impacts on the environment and human health. The present research addresses the current situation of medical wastes in Golestan province in the North of Iran. This is a descriptive analysis that includes data collection, field survey, and Iranian Department of the Environment (DOE) standard questionnaires for management and monitoring of medical waste in hospitals of the province. The results show that 25 hospitals with 2247 active beds produce 3574 and 2252 domestic and hazardous waste per day, respectively. The waste generation is 2.59 kg/day/bed (1 and 1.59 kg for hazardous and domestic, respectively). Disinfection process in 88% of all hospitals is active and 44% and 52% of the hospitals have done outsourcing, respectively. Disinfection methods include chemical, steam autoclave and dry heat which the second method is the most frequent in most hospitals. Also, 16 hospitals provide monitoring self-reports. The overall situation of medical waste management in the hospitals of Golestan province is average. Considering the change of environmental situation of the country in the future years, the management of this type of wastes should be more serious and it is necessary to design and implement operational programmes for optimum management. Manuscript profile

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15 - Studying the effect of chemical fertilizers on crop characteristics and the rate of contamination of rapeseed fields with cabbage wax aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in Lorestan province
مهدی ساکی جهانشیر شاکرمی امیر محسنی امین محسن لک مرجان ساکی

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of chemical fertilizers application on the amount of rapeseed infestation by wax aphid and the agricultural characteristics of rapeseed. Experiment was conducted as a three-factor factorial based on a randomi More

This study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of chemical fertilizers application on the amount of rapeseed infestation by wax aphid and the agricultural characteristics of rapeseed. Experiment was conducted as a three-factor factorial based on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The experimental factors include the application of nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (175, 250 and 325 kg.ha-1) from the source of urea fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer at three levels (70, 100 and 130 kg.ha-1) from the source of triple superphosphate fertilizer and sulfur fertilizer in There were two levels (25 and 50 kg.ha-1). The results showed that increasing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer led to a decrease in the pollution index, the percentage of infected plants and the length of the infected stem, as a result of which the grain yield and biological performance increased. The results showed that the use of higher amounts of chemical fertilizers led to an increase in the components of rape seed yield, so that the highest number of seeds per pod in the treatment of application of 100 kg.ha-1 phosphorus along with 25 kg.ha-1 sulfur and the highest 1000 seed weight was obtained in the application treatment of 130 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus along with 50 kg.ha-1 of sulfur. The increase in the amount of grain yield components led to an increase in grain yield and biological yield, so that the highest amount of grain yield and biological yield was 3804 and 12836 kg.ha-1, respectively, in the treatment of application of 325 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the application of 325 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer reduced the rate of contamination of canola with wax aphid and increased the grain yield, which can be recommended for the farmers of the region in the cultivation of canola Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - A Case Study on Mosques of Qom – Tehran High Way in Terms of Probable Contamination to Dermatophytes
مژگان سقازاه Majid Riazipour zahra motaghian

Pathogenic fungi can be easily transmitted in public places; people who use such places are prone to catch infections due to be exposed to the pathogenic agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of carpets of mosques and praying rooms en route Tehran More

Pathogenic fungi can be easily transmitted in public places; people who use such places are prone to catch infections due to be exposed to the pathogenic agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of carpets of mosques and praying rooms en route Tehran-Qom Highway in terms of probable contamination to dermatophyes. In order to carry out this study, 9 praying centers were investigated. Sampling was carried out based on the Directive issued by the World Health Organization (WHO); the number of isolated specimens was on the basis of the praying centers' area. Sampling was carried out by means of pieces of mat. Samples were cultured in the following media; other specific media were used as the complementary tests, if necessary: • Sabouraud – Cyclohexamide – Chloramphenicol agar (SCC) • Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)A number of 107 samples were collected by means of pieces of mat. Dermatophyte fungi were cultured from 4 specimens (3.7%) out of 107 samples collected by means of pieces of mat; all 4 isolated specimens were found to be Trichophyton mentagrophytis. The results of this study indicate that 4 (i.e. 44%) out of 9 praying centers, en route of Tehran-Qom Highway, were infected by dermatophyte fungi. These results are extremely alarming and warn us that the praying centers can be breeding grounds for transmission of mycoses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from urinary tract infection in Qom
زهرا حاجی غلامی اصفهانی Mohsen Zargar رضا یاری نفیسه رضایی

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections .by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli, this stu More

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections .by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli, this study was to determine the local prevalence of bacterial and strains antimicrobial resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance.Materials & Methods: A total of 1420 samples, 150 urine samples were contaminated with E.coli. The Antimicrobial sensitivity test to 10 antibiotics was done via the disk diffusion antibiogram method and results were analysed.Results:The most of resistant to Ampicillin were 60%, Tetracyclin 58% and Nalidixic Acid 52% and the most amount for sensibility to Amikacin were 98%.Conclusion: Due to the increasing resistance among E. coli strains recommended Antibiogram tests was done on strains cause urinary tract infections Before intractably use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - ESBL prevalence and molecular characterization of beta-lactamase gene blaTEM in urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Qom
منصوره نرگسیان Mohsen Zargar Mahmoud Saffari

Klebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are a More

Klebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are associated with prevalence of diseases and increase healthcare costs associated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genes blaTEM isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Qom.After identification of isolates using culture and biochemical methods, 140 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified. The sensitivity of the isolates to different antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method based on the standard (CLSI2013). The phenotypic confirmatory test ESBL strains have done followed by PCR method to detection of blaTEM gene. Out of 300 samples, 140 isolate identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae that 52 (%37.14) isolates were ESBL. The most antibiotic resistance was related to ceftazidime (%50.72). Out of 52 ESBL positive strains, 32 (61.53%) strains were shown to have blaTEM gene.Considering the high prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates in hospitals, early detection and follow-up to prevent the spread of resistant isolates it all the more essential. It must also change in the pattern of antibiotics, hospital infection control measures are highly recommended. Manuscript profile

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19 - Small Interference RNA (siRNA)
Mohammad Abootaleb narjes Mohammadi Bandari

Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are still major causes of death all over the world and the increasing number of their resistant strains results in great concerns. Using RNA interference, many therapeutic potential have for the treatment or prevention of dis More

Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are still major causes of death all over the world and the increasing number of their resistant strains results in great concerns. Using RNA interference, many therapeutic potential have for the treatment or prevention of diseases. This RNA have vital roles in transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional gene. The current, against many antibiotic in bacteria has been accessed resistance and even for some of them there is no antibiotic. And alternative methods to treat them severely felt. Since the discovery of gene silencing using RNA interference (RNAi), there has been a revolution in its medical applications. Local transfer of siRNA for treat diseases is rapidly expanding and it is hoped that in the future could find use in clinical trials. Local injection reduces the toxic effects and increase the availability of Drugs to tumor cells. In this review, the current clinical status of siRNA therapeutics,The advantages and challenges of using it are investigated Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-negative Bacilli Resistant to Several Antibiotics (MDR)
نشاط غلامی amir hossein MOMEN مسعود زندی

AbstractOne of the major problems in hospitals resistance of pathogenic bacteria , including bacteria that cause urinary tract infections(UTI), antimicrobial substances , the problem of increased costs of treatment , treatment failure and mortality rates are increasing. More

AbstractOne of the major problems in hospitals resistance of pathogenic bacteria , including bacteria that cause urinary tract infections(UTI), antimicrobial substances , the problem of increased costs of treatment , treatment failure and mortality rates are increasing.The purpose of this research is to identify multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections with antibiotics and the effect of silver nanoparticles on them.Planting 240 clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals ( Fatemiyeh , Besat) within 6 months of 1395 a total of 150 gram negative bacilli of urinary tract infections was isolated. To determine antibiotic resistance of these bacteria, disk diffusion method was used, and their susceptibility was evaluated according to the CLSI(clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) . Gram-negative bacilli isolated were prepared and inhibition zone diameter was measured.The most common bacteria Escherichia coli was isolated and lowest frequencies of the Proteus vulgaris. All of the samples to a solution of silver nanoparticles at concentrations 200 ppm 100 ppm and were sensitive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30 mm) and Enterobacter aerogenes (27 mm) maximum diameter in the presence of silver nanoparticles showed 800 ppm.Conclusion: The results show that silver nanoparticles can have an inhibitory effect on all tested Gram-negative bacilli , and the concentration of nanoparticles , the diameter of the growth of Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections resistant to multiple antibiotics increases.Key words: Gram-negative bacilli, Silver nanoparticles, Urinary Tract Infection,Antibiotic Resistance, Hamedan Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Identification of causative agents of urinary tract infection and antimicrobial susceptibility in diabetic patients in Kermanshah
farshad yadolahi Elahe Tajbakhsh hassan Momtaz

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common and important diseases in the world, and diabetic patients are at high risk of infection. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and risks of urinary tract infections, ccauses of urinary tract infection and the proper way to tre More

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common and important diseases in the world, and diabetic patients are at high risk of infection. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and risks of urinary tract infections, ccauses of urinary tract infection and the proper way to treat it acutely felt Material and methods: In this study, 353 urine samples of diabetic patients cultured and by using biochemical tests were examined. After DNA extraction, PCR test for definitive diagnosis of bacteria and the antibiogram test was carried out. Results: Urinary tract infection in diabetic patients 28.3% was reported. Asymptomatic bacteriuria 22.1% and symptomatic bacteriuria 6.22% was reported. The most common bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in patients were respectively Escherichia coli, Klebciella pneumonia, Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Providencia. Conclusion: Given that bacterial population of urinary tract infections in diabetic patients, similar to non-diabetic patients, so antibiotic treatment in diabetic patients is alike with and non-diabetic patients. Keywords: bacteriuria, Diabetes, urinary tract infection, antibiotic resistance, PCR. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern in different serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospital infections in Zarinshahr
Zohreh Paknejad Hassan Momtaz Elahe Tajbakhsh

Background & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determ More

Background & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the most common capsule types of this bacterium in Zarinshahr city of Isfahan. Material and Methods: 29 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in patients admitted to different parts of Zarinshahr Hospital in summer 2016 to summer 2017 were selected. After confirmation of phenotypic and genotype and determination of capsule types in them, antibiotic resistance pattern in isolates was determined using Kirby-bauer method, according to the CLSI standard, on the Muller Hinton Agar, 13 antibiotics were determined. Frequency of antibiotic resistance gene encoding genes including tetA, cmlA, Cat1, blaSHV, sul1, aac (3) -IV, aadA 1, qnr CITM, dfrA1, and tetB genes in isolates was determined by PCR method. Results & Conclusion: Serotype K2 with 74.51% frequency was the most commonly known capsule serotype known in isolates. All isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance and in addition to penicillin, their antibiotic resistance was the highest (10.93%) and tetracycline (44.30%) respectively. The tetA and sul1 genes with the frequency of 86.75% and 41.72% were the most common, and the two cat1 and cm1A genes with a frequency of 89.60% and 44.10% were the least common antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urinary tract infections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Evaluation of the prevalence of Escherichia coli resistant euroopathogen in patients suffering from urinary tract infection in Qom hospitals
zeynab adnan

Review : Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most commonly reported nosocomial infections caused by Escherichia coli bacteria. This bacterium is located in the urinary tract epithelium and can cause inflammation of the urethra and inflammation of the urete More

Review : Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most commonly reported nosocomial infections caused by Escherichia coli bacteria. This bacterium is located in the urinary tract epithelium and can cause inflammation of the urethra and inflammation of the ureter, bladder and kidney. This bacterium has the ability to form a biofilm. It is resistant to the third generation of antibiotics, which has become a complex problem in the medical community. Materials and Methods: 100 urine samples from patients with UTI were collected at Qom hospitals level and their antibiotic resistance was evaluated using Kirby-Bauer method. The hybrid disc method was used to determine the isolates of broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Results: Out of 100 samples with common biochemical tests, 75 samples were identified as E.coli E.p. The results showed that Escherichia coli euroopatogen had the highest antibiotic resistance to gentamicin 93% and about 60% of the samples were ESBL. Conclusion: Considering the antibiotic resistance of isolated bacteria from the urinary system and the presence of strains resistant to antibiotics in broad-spectrum beta-lactamases, it is necessary to increase the level of information of the individuals in society as against the release of such bacteria Did something. Keyword: Escherichia coli europathogen, ESBL, Urinary tract infection Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Prevalence of virulence factors in uropathogenic E. coli biofilm-producing and non-producing strains isolated from diabetic patients in Shahrekord
Hosein Khodabandeh Shahraki Elahe Tajbakhsh Ebrahin Rahimi

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common hospital infections acquired by colonization of uropathogenic E. coli in host musocal epithellium and damages to host tissue. The ability to constitute biofilm plays an important role in v More

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common hospital infections acquired by colonization of uropathogenic E. coli in host musocal epithellium and damages to host tissue. The ability to constitute biofilm plays an important role in virulence of the bacteria. Materials and methods: In this research 51 E. coli strains isolated from diabetic patients having UTI symptoms collected and approved using biochemical tests and molecular technique. In vitro biofilm formation by these isolates was determined using the 96-well microtiterplate test. And the presence of fimH, pap, sfa and afa virulence genes was examined. Results: Among 51 Ecoli isolates, 46 (90.16%) were able to make biofilm. The frequency of fimH, pap, sfa and afa genes in isolations having the ability to create strong biofilm reported respectively 90%, 80%, 80% and 10% reported, The frequency of fimH, pap, sfa and afa genes in isolations having the ability to create weak biofilm reported respectively 83.33%, 75%, 15% and 41.66% reported. Discussion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of fimH and pap genes among UPEC strain is high. Conclusion: The findings indicated the importance of virulence genes in Escherishia coli isolates producing biofilm Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Isolation and molecular identification of Enterococci and detection of cytolysin (cyl) pathogenic gene from urine samples in Tehran
zeynab Toufigh Mohsen Zargar Abbas Akhavan sepahi

Introduction: Enterococci are one of the most important factors in nosocomial infections. Enterococcus genus has 38 species, the most important of which are Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci have a medical significance due to bacteremia, urinar More

Introduction: Enterococci are one of the most important factors in nosocomial infections. Enterococcus genus has 38 species, the most important of which are Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci have a medical significance due to bacteremia, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, meningitis and wound infections. Methods: 280 specimens collected from medical diagnostic laboratories in Tehran were used. In order to isolate and identify the bacteria, blood agar culture medium and the specific medium of Kanamycin esculin azide agar were used and then the colonies of bacteria were identified by biochemical methods. The molecular confirmation of bacteria was also carried out by a specific molecular kit of enterococci. Finally, the presence of the cytolysin gene in isolates was measured by PCR method. Results: Of 280 samples examined, 50 samples (17.8%) were identified for Enterococcus faecalis species. Presence of cytolysin gene (cyt) in 34% of isolates was confirmed by PCR. Conclusion: The results show that dissemination of enterococci containing pathogenic genes among patients with urinary tract infection can be dangerous for their health. These results show more attention to individual health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Evaluation of antibacterial properties of linen fibers coated with Zinc Oxide nanocomposite on resistant bacterials caused by Urinary Tract Infections.
mahdiye sadat tayebi monir doudi nasrin talebian

Introduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptibl More

Introduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptible to infections of the urinary tract. For this reason, antibacterial textiles used in the preparation of health and medical textiles can deal with infections especially urinary tract infections effectively. Material and methods: First, the 550 clinical isolates were collected from several hospitals and laboratories in Shahreza city, among which, 100 bacterial isolates were positive and resistant to several antibiotics. Then the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were established by using sol-gel method and under ultrasonic irradiation on linen bandages. Antibacterial activity of nano-fibers bacteria samples, based on zinc oxide by disk diffusion method in agar were assessed. Results and Conclusion: According to the results of nanofibers of zinc oxide have more antibacterial properties against gram-positive bacteria, causing urinary tract infections compared with negatives ones. It is hoped that the fibers introduced in this study in the future after the tests (in-situ) will be able to provide clothes for patients and personnel, gloves and surgical masks, and most importantly suture yarns, bandages, wound dressing and sanitary napkins should be used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Determination of the frequency of oqxA gene in Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from infections in a lab in Tehran
شهلا محمد گنجی fatemeh Ashrafi seyed moein hosseini

زمینه: مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی همواره به عنوان یک مشکل جدی برای سلامت انسان مطرح می باشد. یکی از باکتریهای مطرح در این بین کلبسیلا پنومونیه می باشد که متاسفانه نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک ها مقاومت زیادی را از خود نشان می دهد. پمپ oqxAB یکی از مهمترین مکانیسم های مقاومت به آنتی بیو More

زمینه: مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی همواره به عنوان یک مشکل جدی برای سلامت انسان مطرح می باشد. یکی از باکتریهای مطرح در این بین کلبسیلا پنومونیه می باشد که متاسفانه نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک ها مقاومت زیادی را از خود نشان می دهد. پمپ oqxAB یکی از مهمترین مکانیسم های مقاومت به آنتی بیوتیکی در این دسته از باکتریها است. هدف از این بررسی، مطالعه وجود ژن oqxA در کلبسیلا پنومونیه جداشده از عفونت های مجاری ادراری و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی آنها در یکی از آزمایشگاه های تهران می باشد. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه، نمونه برداری از 250 بیمار سرپایی مراجعه کننده به یکی از آزمایشگاه های استان تهران انجام شد و به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. پس از کشت، 100 باکتری کلبسیلا پنومونیه شناسایی و جداسازی شد. DNA توسط کیت سیناژن استخراج و فراوانی ژن oqxA با روش PCR بررسی شد. نتایج: نتایج حاصل از تستهای میکروبی و بیوشیمیایی نشان داد که جدایه ها همگی کلبسیلا پنومونیه بود. نتایج حاصل از PCR نشان داد که از بین 100 جدایه ی کلبسیلا پنومونیه، 50 % از نمونه ها دارای ژن oqxAبود. بحث: پمپ های افلاکس OqxAB یکی از راه های مقابله با مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی است که اهمیت زیادی دارد. زیرا در صورت عدم کنترل کلبسیلا پنومونیه های مقاوم به دارو، مشکلات جسمی، و اقتصادی زیادی به بیماران و سیستم سلامت تحمیل می شود. Manuscript profile

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28 - Molecular Typing of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Isfahan Province and Genetic Classification of Serogroup O25 Isolates by ERIC-PCR Method
Hassan Momtaz Fatemeh Reisii Zahra Bamzadeh

Objective & Aim: Escherichia coli includes a wide range of different strains in ecosystems with huge diversity in their genomes. Some strains cause serious diseases, such as Urinary Tract Infections (UTI). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most frequent a More

Objective & Aim: Escherichia coli includes a wide range of different strains in ecosystems with huge diversity in their genomes. Some strains cause serious diseases, such as Urinary Tract Infections (UTI). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most frequent agent causing UTI in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of O-serogroups among E. coli isolated from patients with UTI in Isfahan province and genetic classification of O25 serogroup isolates by ERIC-PCR method. Materials and Methods: 226 urine samples from patients with UTI were collected from hospitals in Isfahan province. E. coli isolates were identified using standard methods. Serogroups of these isolates were determined by PCR method and genetic classification of isolates with serogroup O25 was performed using ERIC-PCR method. Results: A total of 96 E. coli strains were isolated from the urine samples. The most common types of O antigens were O25(37.5%), O21(9.37%) and O6(8.33%). The genetic classification of isolates with serogroup O25 showed 25 different profiles among these 36 isolates Conclusion: ERIC-PCR technique is a quick, sharp and cost-effective method. It seemed that this technique to be a good approach for molecular typing of E. coli strains isolated from different urinary tract infections sources. Manuscript profile

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29 - Using a phenotypic method to confirm the presence of the efflux pump associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples
Ali Rahmati Mohammad Reza zolfaghary

Introduction One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in patients with skin infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance with various mechanisms is one of the problems in treating these patients. The main role in the de More

Introduction One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in patients with skin infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance with various mechanisms is one of the problems in treating these patients. The main role in the development of multiple resistance to antimicrobial drugs is played by the MexAB efflux pumps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the MexAB efflux pumps in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples. Materials and Methods: In this study 200 swab specimens from patients with skin infections were collected in Qom hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimens were confirmed by biochemical tests. The drug susceptibility pattern was compared to ciprofloxacin by disk diffusion method and the phenotypic study of the effects of efflux pumps was done using cartwheel method . Results: In this study, 89 (45%) samples were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of which 19 cases (21%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: the presence of more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is important in order to suggest a suitable therapeutic model for the infected patients. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, skin infections, efflux pump Manuscript profile

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30 - Antifungal effect of ganoderma mushroom extract on Candida albicans isolated from pulmonary specimen
sanaz rostami nejad Mohammad Dakhili Seyed Ali Rezaei

Introduction & Objective: Candida infection is caused by overgrowth of Candida species, especially albicans, in immunocompromised individuals. This infection may be resistant to the treatment and sometimes become chronic, as well as sometimes the patients will retur More

Introduction & Objective: Candida infection is caused by overgrowth of Candida species, especially albicans, in immunocompromised individuals. This infection may be resistant to the treatment and sometimes become chronic, as well as sometimes the patients will return to the infection after treatment. Pulmonary aspergillosis is also one of the most important causes of fungal infections in humans and animals and leads to pulmonary infection in immunocompromised individuals. With increasing drug resistance, an attempt to provide antifungal or antimicrobial drugs is needed. The increasing use of medicinal plants in medical treatment, this branch of complementary medicine, has a special place in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Ganodermalocydom fungus extract on the growth of Candida albicans isolated from pulmonary infections in laboratory conditions and compare them with the standard strain. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the antifungal effects of the extract on Candida albicans were evaluated based on CLSI standards. Results: The extract had a good effect on Candida albicans inhibition.. Conclusion: Ganoderma fungus extract showed antifungal effects on Candida albicans. Manuscript profile

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31 - Identification and Pattern of Antibiotic Bacterial Sensitivity and Resistance in Patients in the Nekoi Hospital of Gom City in 1395
mohammad Dakhili Mansorah hodaei

Introduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p More

Introduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of burn wound infections in patients admitted to hospital burn the goodness of Qom province. Methods: In a descriptive study, sampling of 100 patients admitted to hospital burn Nekuei of Qom over a period of 5 months old. Identification of microorganisms using biochemical tests were conducted according to existing standards.tyyn antibiotic-resistance patterns of isolates was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: In this study of 100 samples taken, 62% of men and 38 percent of women were reported. 70 per cent of the samples had positive culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported as the most common infection with 31% abundance. Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.62%) and Enterococcus faecalis (7.75%) were reported in the following ranks. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of infection in burn wounds needs new strategies in order to control the distribution of infectious agents as well as the treatment of this condition.in survey, the most effective antibiotic to treat infections after burn amikacin and gentamicin is known. Manuscript profile

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32 - مطالعه اثربخشی برقراری جریان الکتریسیته در حذف آلودگی باکتری‌های کلیفرمیک از آب رودخانه شهرچای ارومیه
aysan rezanezhad Zahra Gholamhoseini nima rostami

Purpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts More

Purpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts has made the process of using these methods a challenge. On the other hand, physical and chemical disinfectants are often limited due to their low efficiency, high price and production of toxic products. In the meantime, one of the methods that has been in the spotlight and developed a lot in recent years is the use of electricity to remove biological pollutants from water. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the method of establishing the current of electricity in removing the coliform bacteria population in the Shahrchai River of Urmia. Materials and methods: The present research, which is descriptive-cross-sectional, started in a period of six months from February 2018 and continued until July 2019. The water sampling process of Shahrchai River in Urmia was carried out from two stations at the entrance of the No. 1 treatment plant and at the entrance of the Golshahr treatment plant, and the samples were transferred to the laboratory within 2 to 4 hours, and the presence of coliform bacteria was studied and measured by the MPN method. Then, in order to perform the electrolysis test, an electrochemical reactor with a voltage of 220 volts consisting of two electrodes made of iron and aluminum was prepared and the electric current was established for 10, 20, 30 and 70 minutes. Next, the data results were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Findings: The results show that the efficiency of coliform bacteria population removal depends on the pollutant source, duration, current intensity and type of electrodes. According to the results, the slope of the curve of changes in the amount of microbial contamination of the samples that were subjected to a constant current of 220 volts for 20 minutes showed a significant decrease. So that the microbial load of most samples was reduced by 50%. Therefore, it can be said that the removal efficiency has a direct relationship with the increase in time, and with the increase in the duration of the electric current in the samples, the removal rate of coliform bacteria also increases significantly. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the use of the process of establishing the current of electricity is suggested as a suitable method with high efficiency and also compatible with the environment in water disinfection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Advanced Oxidation Process for Haloacetic Acid Removal in Tehranpars Water Treatment Using CuO Nanocatalyst
Seyedeh Niloofar Alavi Seyed Ali Jozi Kambiz Tahvildar Shahrzad Khoramnezhadian

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34 - Electrical Discharges: An Emerging Modality in Sterilization, Disinfection, and Therapeutics
Soumyadeep Sarkar Niharika Verma Pawan Tiwari

10.52547/mjtd.10.1.23

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35 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Iodine Solution, Methylene Blue and Potassium Permanganate for Disinfection of Stellate Sturgeon Acipenser stellatus(Pallas, 1771) Eggs
Abdolali Rahdari Bahram Falahatkar Hossein Mohammadi Samad Darvishi

Inroduction & Objective:Considering the importance of stellate sturgeon fish as endangered species, the artificial breeding plays an important role in the restoration of natural resources of this fish in the Caspian Sea. One of the essential activities in the incubation More

Inroduction & Objective:Considering the importance of stellate sturgeon fish as endangered species, the artificial breeding plays an important role in the restoration of natural resources of this fish in the Caspian Sea. One of the essential activities in the incubation period is disinfection of eggs, which if done correctly can increase survival and larvae production. Therefore, finding the best approach for disinfection of stellate sturgeon eggs is so necessary.Material and Methods:Eggs were artificially fertilized and subjected to a bath dip treatment in given concentrations of the above chemicals before being incubating. Prior to treatment, the eggs were splited into three disinfected groups (100 mg L-1 iodophor, 15 min; 20 mg L-1 potassium permanganate, 30 min exposure and 100 mg L-1 methylene blue; 2 hours and) and non-disinfected group (control). Then, the eggs were transferred to Yushchenko incubators for incubation. During the incubation period, fungal and dead eggs were separate and counted physically every day. After hatching, the numbers of larvae per box were counted separately.Results: Eggs that disinfected with iodine solution and methylene blue were less likely to fungal infection and their conversion to larvae was higher than eggs that disinfected with potassium permanganate and the control group.Conclusion: The study showed that using iodine solution to disinfect stellate sturgeon is more effective and easier than some other disinfectants. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Antimicrobial and Healing Effect of Nettle, Purslane and Hedge Nettle Extracts on Burn Infections of Staphylococcus aureus in Mice
Nader Kazemi Mahdi Arfaei Mona Ghasemi

Introduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effect More

Introduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effects of plants extracts with silver sulfadiazine were studied on burn infections of Staphylococcus aureus in rats. Materials & Methods: Firstly, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of plants were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the MIC and MBC of the extracts were determined by the dilution method in the Muller Hinton broth. In study of animal model, firstly the bacteria were inoculated with a concentration of (5×105 CFU/ml) to the wound site on rats. After 24 hours, ointments were prepared based on MBC concentration from extracts of mentioned plants for 1g of silver sulfadiazine and was used to treatment.Results: In studies conducted on rats, it was found that ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica, as well as the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and healing effect on Staphylococcus aureus. But in the wound treated with ethanolic and acetonic extract of Stachys schtschegleevii, bleeding was seen. Conclusions: Ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica and the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and restoration effects on burn wound infection. Ethanolic and acetonic extract of Urtica dioica had better healing effects than acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea. As a result, extract of Urtica dioica could be used in preparation of burn ointments.  Manuscript profile

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37 - Evaluation of Aqueous, Organic Extracts of Leaves and Roots Polygonum aviculare L. on Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria Invitro and Invivo
shahrzad nassiri semnani nastaran Ghasempour

Inroduction & Objective: Drug resistance of bacteria in infections diseases has led to more attention to the use of plants in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous, organic extracts of leaves and roots of Polygonu More

Inroduction & Objective: Drug resistance of bacteria in infections diseases has led to more attention to the use of plants in the treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous, organic extracts of leaves and roots of Polygonum aviculare L. on pathogenic bacteria in animal and laboratory models. Materials and Methods: In this study, after preparing aqueous, ethanolic and estonian extracts of different parts of Polygonum aviculare L. powder, the MIC and MBC of the extracts on bacteria were determined by dilution methods in broth and well diffusion in agar. In this study, an animal model was administered by peritoneal injection of 5×105 CFU/ml of bacteria and 0.5 cc of extracts with MIC concentration, number of spleen bacterial colonies after 7 days by culture on Müllerinton agar and standard counting protocol. Results: The highest levels of MIC and MBC on Staphylococcus aureus related to leafy and ethanolic leaves were 57 and 38, respectively, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa related to stem and leaf ethanol, respectively 31 and 27, on Klebsiella pneumoniae ethanolic extract of root and leaf 57 and 120 mg / ml and on Streptococcus pyogenes the estonian extract of the leaf is 227 mg / ml. In vivo, the leaf extract for Staphylococcus aureus was 7.5 × 106 CFU / ml and the ethanolic extract of the stem for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 × 107 CFU / ml, for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes leaves and roots was 7.5 × 103 and 6.3 × 107 CFU / ml respectively. Conclusion: Polygonum aviculare L.extracts have antimicrobial effects on the studied bacteria. Manuscript profile

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38 - Study on the infections status and important agronomic factors in severity of black shank disease of tobacco in Golestan province
seyyed afshin sajjadi Mohammad Ali Aghajani Hoda Assemi Mohammad Reza Najafi

Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (=P. parasitica Dasture) is the causal agent of black shank disease and one of the most important pathogen in tobacco fields. In order to study the infection status of this disease in tobacco fields of Golestan province, 4 More

Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (=P. parasitica Dasture) is the causal agent of black shank disease and one of the most important pathogen in tobacco fields. In order to study the infection status of this disease in tobacco fields of Golestan province, 45 tobacco fields in five different regions of Gorgaan (Taghartappeh, Jafarabad, Ghorogh, Nodehmalek and Valeshabad) and four different regions of Aliabad (Pichakmahaleh, Baraftan, Fazelabad and Elazman) selected in 2014. The amount of disease was recorded during the infection period from the beginning of symptoms appearance, weekly. Stat Graphics Centurion XVI and Harward Graphics softwares were used to statistical analysis and draw charts of the development of epidemiological models, respectively. The factors influencing the epidemiology of disease were determined using two statistical methods of analysis of discriminant analysis and logistic regression. Based on the highest disease incidence there were no significant differences between regions, but there were significant differences (P<0.001) between fields. One field with disease incidence 43.4% in Valeshabad had the highest disease incidence. Jafarabad with 23.64% disease incidence had the highest infection and Nodehmalek with 16.4% disease incidence had the lowest infection. The results of this study show that disease of tobacco black shank in two regions of Gorgan and Aliabad in Golestan province with different rate of expansion. Study of temporal analysis of the epidemic using five different growth models (Exponential, Monomolecular, Logistic, Gompertz and Log-Logistic) showed that the Gompertz was the best fit model for describing this disease epidemic in the Golestan province condition. Weather conditions were similar in the different regions in 2015 year. The amount of fungi and nematode of inoculum in soil, Number of spraying in field and seedbed, duration of irrigation, rotation and soil texture were the most important variables in the incidence of disease in the Golestan province in the 2015 crop year. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

39 - Evaluation of resistance of different nectarine cultivars to causal agent of peach powdery mildew Podosphaera pannosa
کربلایی خیاوی karbalaei Seyed Yaghob Seyed Masoumi Adel Pirayesh Hossein Khabbaz Jolfaei

Peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) is one of the most economically destructive diseases of peach all over the world including Iran. In order to evaluate 11 genotypes of nectarines reaction against powdery mildew, an experiment was conducted in randomized complet More

Peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) is one of the most economically destructive diseases of peach all over the world including Iran. In order to evaluate 11 genotypes of nectarines reaction against powdery mildew, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017-2018 in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Meshginshahr. The research was conducted in two conditions of natural infection and artificial inoculation. Cultivars included Independence, Stargold, Sangold, Sangold, Sanking, Giuta, Shabrang Karaj, Ghermeze Paeeze Karaj, Vega, Orion, Jiova and Veinberger. Evaluation of different cultivars of nectarine reaction to powdery mildew was conducted follow 0: Immune, 1: Very resistant 2: Resistant 3: Medium resistant 4: Sensitive and 5: Very sensitive. The results of two-year evaluation showed that there were significant differences between the degrees of resistance among the treatments. Comparison of means showed that the cultivar Veinberger in resistant and Stargold, Sangold, Sangold, Sanking, Giuta, Shabrang Karaj, Ghermeze Paeeze Karaj, Vega, Orion, and Jiova were in medium resistant cultivars. The results of the current study could be used in management of peach powdery mildew. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

40 - Detectionof cucurbits infecting viruses in Shiraz zone and suburbs by using serological and molecular methods
Zahra Zollanvari Sasan Ghasemi Ali Pakniat

During summer 2012, fifty-seven cucurbits samples were collected in order to determine their viral diseases in cucurbits fields of Shiraz and suburbs (Kaftarak, Baboonak, Tafihan, Daryan, Bidzard, Zafar abad, Kooshk-e- bidak, Sadra and Dokoohad). Samples were examined b More

During summer 2012, fifty-seven cucurbits samples were collected in order to determine their viral diseases in cucurbits fields of Shiraz and suburbs (Kaftarak, Baboonak, Tafihan, Daryan, Bidzard, Zafar abad, Kooshk-e- bidak, Sadra and Dokoohad). Samples were examined by using three local antisera, CMV, ZYMV, SqMVby indirect ELISA. ELISA results were confirmed by RT-PCR with specific primer pairs for each virus. Results showed that the most important damaging viruses in these zones were Cucumber mosaic virus with 49.1% with showed yellowing,chlorosis and leaves deformation, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus with 35.1% infection induced mottling, sever shoestring and blusters on leaf surface and Squash mosaic virus with 29.8% incidence with leaf yellowing and mottling on cantaloupe and squash respectively. Furthermore, in some places mixed infections to sort of viruses were seen. Nine samples were infected by CMV, ZYMV and SqMV (15.8%) showing mottling and large blusters with sever shoestring and leaf deformation. Seven samples were infectedby CMV and ZYMV (12.3 %) with partially mottling and shoestring, five samples by CMV and SqMV (8.7%) in which small green blusters on leaves were seen and finally one samples to SqMV and ZYMV (1.7%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

41 - Mixed infections of Watermelon mosaic potyvirus and Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus in Cucurbit hosts
Zohreh Moradi Behrooz Jafarpour

Mixed infections of cucurbits by Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) exhibit a synergistic interaction. Watermelon, cucumber and cantaloupe co-infected by the WMV and CGMMV displayed synergistic pathological responses, finally in More

Mixed infections of cucurbits by Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) exhibit a synergistic interaction. Watermelon, cucumber and cantaloupe co-infected by the WMV and CGMMV displayed synergistic pathological responses, finally in some cases, progressing to vascular wilt and plant death. Accumulation of CGMMV RNAs in a mixed infection with WMV in some cucurbits was higher than infection with CGMMV alone. Moreover, the level of capsid protein from CGMMV increased in mixed infection. However, the level of WMV did not show any significantly increase in doubly versus singly infected plants. Single infections of WMV or CGMMV on the same hosts produced only vein clearing, blistering, systemic mosaic or mottling on the upper leaves and similar symptoms developed after double infection. It is concluded that co-infections with WMV and CGMMV displayed synergistic interaction which could have epidemiological consequence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

42 - Combining effect of Enthomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, and insecticides against Chilo suppressalis in field conditions
F. Majidi-Shilsar

One of the most devastating pests of rice is the lepidopteran insect striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the relative efficacy of ecofriendly formulation of Beauveria bassiana ( 1&time More

One of the most devastating pests of rice is the lepidopteran insect striped stem borer (SSB) (Chilo suppressalis) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the relative efficacy of ecofriendly formulation of Beauveria bassiana ( 1×108 conidia/ml, Diazinon granule 15 kg/ha. and Fipronil granule 20 kg/ha.) for sustainable management of Chilo suppressalis. The fungus Beauveria bassiana is one of natural enemies of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis in the rice fields. During the treatments, precent mortality, infestation of Dead heart and White heads both in vegetative and reproductive stages was observed after spray application at different times intervals i.e., 2 DAT, 7 DAT, 14 DAT and 21 DAT. All the treatments significantly reduced population of Chilo suppressalis larvae compared to control due to their mode of action. It was concluded that maximum mortality (59.29%) and (74.56%) of Chilo suppressalis were achieved with combined application fo B. bassiana both Diazinon insecticide after 21th day of application both fisrt and second generation of insect pest, respectively. In this study, The lowest infestation Dead heart and White heads 0.57 and 1%  observed in treatments Beauveria bassian and Diazinon granular after 21th day, respectively. In this research, the highest infection is created dead hearts and white heads rice was observed in the control treatment 10 and 11.67%. Therfore, the above findings showed the these combinations can be successfully can be used in rice IPM programs for Chilo suppressalis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

43 - Study on the antiviral activity of Weeping willow, Yarrow and common Nettle plant ethanolic extracts on Cucumber mosaic virus infection in cucumber under greenhouse conditions
Taban Safarzadeh Khosroshahi Farshad Rakhshandehroo Tomas Canto Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani

In this research the antiviral activity of medicinal plants including Weeping willow, Yarrow and Common Nettle ethanolic extracts against CMV-Fny infection in cucumber plant was explored under the greenhouse conditions. To this end, cucumber seedlings were mechanically More

In this research the antiviral activity of medicinal plants including Weeping willow, Yarrow and Common Nettle ethanolic extracts against CMV-Fny infection in cucumber plant was explored under the greenhouse conditions. To this end, cucumber seedlings were mechanically inoculated with the CMV-Fny. The extract of the mentioned plants was added directly into the plants' rhizosphere at 200 ppm, 800 ppm and 1000 ppm concentrations. CMV-infection level in inoculated as well as young grown leaves was tested by DAS-ELISA in 3, 6, 9 and 12 days post-inoculation. Peroxidase (POX) enzyme activity was assessed for the cucumber seedlings which showed maximum virus inhibition at 12 days post-inoculation and the expression level of inhibitor of viral replication (IVR) gene was also examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sq-RT-PCR) method for them at this time. ELISA results indicated that at 12 days after virus inoculation, CMV-Fny protein titer in inoculated and young grown leaves as well as disease severity index (DSI) decreased in cucumber seedlings treated with the plant extracts compared to the negative control. The most decreased level of CMV-titer observed 12 days at mature inoculated and young leaves by applying 1000 ppm concentration of nettle and 200 ppm of yarrow extracts. The expression level of IVR gene and POX enzyme specific activity increased in treated cucumber seedlings at 12 days post inoculation, represent a systemic resistance activity against CMV-infection, after extracts treatment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

44 - Mitigation of the COVID 19 Pandemics in tectonically active areas.
Saumitra Mukherjee

Tectonically active areas when release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) it can kill the COVID 19 virus naturally in the environment. COVID 19 contaminations can be controlled by identifying tectonically active areas in India and other similar terrain globally. Using high resolu More

Tectonically active areas when release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) it can kill the COVID 19 virus naturally in the environment. COVID 19 contaminations can be controlled by identifying tectonically active areas in India and other similar terrain globally. Using high resolution satellite data it is possible to infer the changes in the surface manifestations in terms of changes in, vegetation vigor, lineament and other landform features. Thermal scanners by drones and field observations can identify potential fractures and faulted areas to release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In ferruginous quartzite, granite and other hard rocky terrain the natural release of hydrogen peroxide by micro tremor in presence of moisture content can mitigate the Corona virus by killing it insitu naturally as public health medicine. If this hypothesis is proved experimentally it will be a new finding and a great relief to the humanity across the world.National Capital Region of India has shown influence of neotectonic activities, which has changed the groundwater quality in Delhi Haryana region. Monitoring of stress within bedrocks along active fault zones have been under observation for detecting premonitory earth quake signals. Common crustal high grade metamorphic and igneous rocks contain peroxy defects which remain dormant until the rock experiences stress. These stress-activated defects form highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) which produce electric currents. At the rock-water interface, the ROS can combine with groundwater to produce hydrogen peroxide giving an indirect measure of the underlying rock stress along active fault planes within hard rock aquifers and deep thermal springs1. Disruption within the ground layers can influence both the quality and quantity of groundwater within aquifers. This change can be brought about due to mixing of water between different aquifers, influx of water from surrounding areas, changes in dissolved gas concentrations and mineral dissolution at the rock-water interface or through the infiltration of pollutants from soil or ground surface, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

45 - Isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from patients with urinary tract infections referred to Savadkooh laboratory and determination of their drug resistance pattern from the beginning of October 1400 to the end of December 1400
seyedmohammadmahdi mousavi mojtaba fallah neda Jafari Jushqhan

Today, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive More

Today, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Savadkuh laboratory. Bacterial isolates were identified by microscopic examination, morphology and biochemical tests. Fifty samples of gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections were isolated from 5 cases (10%) of men and 45 cases (90%) of women. According to the study, the two most common gram-negative bacteria in urinary tract infections are based on the percentage of infectivity in this study, which include: E.Coli (62%), and Klebsiella (30%) and other gram-negative (8%), They were isolated from urine samples. According to the antibiogram test, the most cases of resistance were related to the antibiotics ampicillin, nalidixic acid and cefazolin, respectively. On the other hand, the most sensitive drugs are nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - Investigating the pattern of drug resistance among bacteria isolated from women suffering from urinary tract infections in Savojbolagh
Saman Afshar Mohammadreza Dehghani Dorna Rafighi Farnaz Yousefi Javid Taghinejad

10.30495/zisti.2023.1981288.1156

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the medical and health problems. This type of infection is more common in women than in men due to the anatomy of the urinary tract and lack of hygiene. The aim of the present study is to investigate the drug resistance of More

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the medical and health problems. This type of infection is more common in women than in men due to the anatomy of the urinary tract and lack of hygiene. The aim of the present study is to investigate the drug resistance of urinary pathogens in women with urinary tract infection in Savojbolagh city.Methods: The current study is descriptive-cross-sectional, which was collected by examining 5100 urine samples from women suffering from and suspected of urinary tract infection, and after culturing in general-pourpose media and selective media and biochemical tests, the type of pathogenic microorganism was determined; then, the level of resistance in the strains was reported with antibiogram. Microsoft Excel 2022 software was used to draw graphs.Results: Out of a total of 5100 urine samples, 302 samples were considered positive, and the most infectious pathogens were Escherichia coli (%60.93) and group B streptococcus (%16.56). The age group of 31-40 years (%17.55) was recognized as the high-risk group, and the highest frequency of drug resistance in Escherichia coli to cefazolin (%60.87) and in group B streptococci to tetracycline (%88) was observed.Conclusions: The amount of drug resistance of microorganisms is increasing day by day, and this issue is a threat to all humans and animals. In this study, the highest rate of drug resistance to cefazolin and tetracycline was observed in two pathogens, which are main causes of urinary tract infection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Study of essential oil components of Zingiber officinale Essence and comparison of its anti-microbial property with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on some Bacteria that cause Oral Infections
Nima Mohammad Nejad Khiavi Hojjat Eghbal Neda Jahani Arezou Mohammadi Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh zohreh Ghzi tabatabaei Amir Kishizadeh Mazraejahan

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants of Iran and its antibacterial effects have been proven in some researches. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Ginger essence and comparison with chlorhexidine on some of common oral infect More

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the indigenous medicinal plants of Iran and its antibacterial effects have been proven in some researches. In this research, the antibacterial effect of Ginger essence and comparison with chlorhexidine on some of common oral infection bacteria was studied. The essential oil of Ginger was extracted by Clevenger's apparatus, GC and GC/MS devices were used for analysis of essential oil compounds and accurate measurements of the compounds. The effect of the essential oil of the Ginger and control on the common bacteria of the oral infection were evaluated using two methods: Disc deffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results of antimicrobial tests showed that ginger had a significant inhibitory effects on a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It was also found that the essential oil of this medicinal plant, in terms of antimicrobial properties, showed relatively similar results to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Ginger essential oil had been shown to have good antimicrobial effects against common bacteria in oral infections. As a result, the essential oil of this plant with different concentrations, after completing studies, can be an appropriate alternative for chemical drugs and chemical mouthwashes in the treatment of oral bacterial infections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - Disinfection of rural drinking water in East Azarbaijan, Tabriz
ahmad asl Hashemi Soheila Zare Manesh

Background and Aim: providing safe drinking water for human society is of vital importance. the purpose of this study was to determine the importance and performance of chlorination in the distribution network of drinking water in the level of utility of microbial quali More

Background and Aim: providing safe drinking water for human society is of vital importance. the purpose of this study was to determine the importance and performance of chlorination in the distribution network of drinking water in the level of utility of microbial quality and chlorination status in Tabriz and its surrounding villages. materials and Methods: this descriptive-analytical study, environmental and library study, and the necessary information were prepared using data collected from other articles and Tabriz water and Wastewater Company. after analysis, it was analysed. results: the results of the study showed that the chlorination method used in the villages is a type of liquid chlorination or pottery method. chlorine is injected into the liquid by pressure. the chlorine type is used as a powder or crystalline perflorester. 95.5% of the rural population of the East Azarbaijan province benefited from water utilization. every day, various stages, such as chlorination, chlorination, sampling and testing, are carried out at the 7th level laboratory of the province, so that people will enjoy a healthy blue dream. The health center also monitors the company's performance and controls the supply of water and water entering and extinguishing, so that the water supplied is free from any pollution. of the 127 villages of over 20 households without plumbing, plumbing 95 villages are being run in rural or rural communities. about 400 villages, 20 percent of the province's population, have water facilities but are not covered by this company. conclusion: due to the fact that in recent years, the important chlorination of rural water reservoirs has been delegated to rural water and Sewage company, and perhaps the juicy juices of this company have not understood the necessity of the problem, in many villages of the country that covered this companies should be given more attention to chlorination, as well as villages that are not covered by this company, are virtually uncertain and do not assume the responsibility of chlorination, which requires that decisions be taken as soon as possible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - The "amnesty" feasibility study is a possible spread of crime
Hamid Masjedsaraei Hasan POurlotollah reza elhami

10.22034/ijrj.2023.700478

The Islamic Penal Code has been silent on the possibility of a "pardon" of Johnny by Majni Alayh against the possible future spread of the crime of intentional assault. Reference to authentic Islamic sources and fatwas indicates that the present issue is the source of d More

The Islamic Penal Code has been silent on the possibility of a "pardon" of Johnny by Majni Alayh against the possible future spread of the crime of intentional assault. Reference to authentic Islamic sources and fatwas indicates that the present issue is the source of disagreement among jurists, so that the well-known jurists, mainly because such an amnesty requires our removal, do not consider it correct and remove the guarantee from They do not know the next infection. The second view considers such an amnesty to be a valid will, which is valid and effective for up to one-third of the diyat, and more than one-third of which is subject to the permission of the heirs. In contrast, some other contemporary jurists, without justifying this pardon by will, have absolutely ruled that such an amnesty is correct, which, in turn, guarantees the removal of any further contagion for Johnny. The present article, with its descriptive-analytical method, while re-reading the jurisprudential principles of the proposed views and using the available documents and approvals, has considered the third promise to be defensible. The proposal of the present article is that the legislature, with the aim of creating the unity of judicial procedure, by adding a legal article, to give legal validity to the "correctness of pardon from contagion and non-guarantee of life". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Survey of gastrointestinal parasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa), wild goat (Capra aegagrus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Aynaloo protected area, East Azerbaijan province
Roghayeh Norouzi Ali Ozbandi

Parasitic infections are a threat to the wildlife by endangering the health of wild animals and serving as a source of transmission of infectious agents to livestock and humans. Despite the distribution of wild boars (Sus scrofa), wild goat (Capra aegagrus) and red deer More

Parasitic infections are a threat to the wildlife by endangering the health of wild animals and serving as a source of transmission of infectious agents to livestock and humans. Despite the distribution of wild boars (Sus scrofa), wild goat (Capra aegagrus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) throughout the world, information on their parasitic infections is limited. Knowledge of the parasitic fauna of animals in protected areas may be used in protection of endangered species. The present study aimed to investigate the status of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in wild boar, wild goat and red deer in the Aynaloo protected area, Northwest of Kaleybar city, East Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, in spring 2015, 30 fecal samples of wild boar, 30 fecal samples of wild goat and 30 fecal samples of red deer were collected. The samples were processed using direct smear and Clayton lane floatation technique. Five species of helminths were detected from wild boar fecal samples consisting of Trichuris suis, Strongyloides suis, Physocephalus sexalatus, Ascaris suum and Metastrongylus apri. Among them,  one species (Strongyloides suis) was reported for the first time in Iran. Protozoa were not detected in the fecal samples of the wild boar. Wild goats were infected with Oesophagostomum columbianum, Muellerius capillaris and Eimeria spp. Respiratory larva and Eimeria spp. were detected from red deer samples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - Alterations in acute phase proteins, hemogram and electrophoretic pattern of equine serum proteins following change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate
Rouhoullah Karampour Mohammad Razi Jalali mohammad rahim haji hajikalaei Alireza Ghadrdan mashhadi

10.30495/jvcp.2021.1920959.1293

Despite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group o More

Despite extensive studies on the relationship between diet type and its effect on equine biochemical factors, little is known about horse serum and plasma proteins following changes in diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate. Acute phase proteins are a group of serum proteins whose concentrations increase in response to infections, inflammation, trauma, and neoplasia. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the serum levels of serum biomarkers, fibrinogen and total protein concentration along with the nutritional behavior of horses during diet change. For this purpose, two types of diets, including forage (first treatment) and mixture of forage with concentrate (second treatment) were used for each horse for fifteen consecutive days. Complete blood cell counts as well as serum levels of fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid type A were measured before and after dietary changes. Serum fibrinogen, haptoglobin and amyloid A levels were significantly increased in horses of the second treatment group compared to horses in the first treatment group (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in the complete blood cell count due to the change of diet from forage to forage mixed with concentrate (p<0.05). It seems that changes in the natural flora of the horse's digestive tract following a change in diet can protect the animal's body against acute inflammatory and traumatic injuries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Trachea transcriptome analysis in SPF broiler chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis
Seyed Hossein Zamzam Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi Ali Reza Khosravi

10.30495/jvcp.2022.1945808.1343

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious disease of the upper-respiratory tract caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The virus is a member of the Coronaviridae family and has numerous serotypes and strains. Rapid replication combine More

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious disease of the upper-respiratory tract caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The virus is a member of the Coronaviridae family and has numerous serotypes and strains. Rapid replication combined with high mutation rate and recombination are the main causes of the observed high diversity.Feed conversion and average daily gain are affected in broilers, and infection is often followed by secondary bacterial infections. In layers, IBV causes a reduction in egg production.Today, IB is one of the most economically important diseases in the poultry industry. Transcriptional profiles of trachea tissue of the infected group (IBV) were studied with control group to evaluate changes in transcriptome profile at the early stages of infection. After the challenge of SPF chickens with IBV IS-1494 like (GI-23, the trachea tissue was used for RNA extraction, and changes in the transcriptome were investigated by Illumina RNA-seq technique. Up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptome of trachea were identified. Gene ontology category, KEGG pathway were analyzed to identify relationships among differentially expressed genes. In general, the numbers of up-regulated genes were higher than of down-regulated genes in experimental group. In the experimental group, a more severe immune response occurred; an important up-regulated genes in this group’s was Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, apoptotic pathway, MAPK signaling pathway. Results of this study could provide a general overview of transcriptome changes in the trachea at the early stage of infection with avian infectious bronchitis (IBV) virus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Evaluation of the antibacterial property of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil following the experimental exposure of broilers to Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC: 14028‌‌‌) and its ability to prevent tissue complications in the small Int
Younes Anzabi یوسف Doustar Shayan Doolat-Abadi

In order to apply the use of plant essential oils in complementary medicine, it is necessary to investigate their effects in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory, animal model and also pay attention to their possible side effects. Therefore, th More

In order to apply the use of plant essential oils in complementary medicine, it is necessary to investigate their effects in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the laboratory, animal model and also pay attention to their possible side effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of garden thyme essential oil on Salmonella Typhimurium and to evaluate its ability to prevent possible side effects caused by experimental exposure to the mentioned bacterium. For this purpose, 35 pieces of 14-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into 5 groups of 7 including healthy control, gavage control, and experimental patient, treated with garden thyme essential oil and treated with Oxytetracycline. First day 0.5 ml of Salmonella Typhimurium microbial suspension and the next day, separately 1 ml of garden thyme essential oil and Oxytetracycline to all the chickens of the third to fifth groups and also 1 ml of sterile distilled water was gavage to the chickens of the second group twice a day with a time interval of 12 hours for 7 days. At the end of each stage, the microbial count of the stool samples was performed and at the end of the period, after the easy killing of the chickens, the pathological examination of the small intestine and liver samples of all birds was performed. The result is that the chickens that were treated with oxytetracycline had a significant decrease in the excretion and colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - Survey of risk factors for the prevalence of leptospiral infection in horses of Gonbad area
omid jaheddashliboroun ali hassanpour

Leptospirosis is a world-wide zoonotic infection occurring in animals and humans. Rodents and wild animals are a major source of infection. Clinical signs in animals include fever, heamoglubinuria, jaundice, abortion, mastitis, reduced milk production, reproductive fail More

Leptospirosis is a world-wide zoonotic infection occurring in animals and humans. Rodents and wild animals are a major source of infection. Clinical signs in animals include fever, heamoglubinuria, jaundice, abortion, mastitis, reduced milk production, reproductive failure and death with periodic ophthalmia, abortion and stillbirths being among its important signs in horses. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for the prevalence of leptospiral infection in horses of Gonbad area. This study was conducted on 200 horses in Gonbad area in Iran in order to determine seroprevalence of leptospiral infection. Sera were initially screened at dilution of 1:100 against 7 live serovars of Leptospira interrogans: Pomona, Canicola, Hardjo, Ballom, Icterohaemorrhagiae, AutomenalisandGrippotyphosausing themicroscopic agglutination test. The prevalence of leptospiral infection was 12% in horses. The majority of these infections were seen in horses that live in marsh and semi-marsh conditions and they accounted for 89% of positive samples. The highest number of reactors in horses (58.34%) wasdue toserovarCanicola and 33.34% of positive samples were seen in horses with many rodents living in their environment.66.67% of positive samples were seen in horses that were kept In moist and semi moist stables. The highest number of positive samples were seen in 3 to 6 years old animals, in other words prevalence of this disease is raised with increase of age. So according to the results, increasing age, living in marsh environment, moist stable presence of infected dogs and rodents, in environment are some of risks factors for prevalence of leptospiral infection Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - Comparison of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in Enterococcus faecalis isolates isolated from animal and human sources
Mahmoud Shahveh Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan Momtaz Reza Ranjbar

Enterococci are an important and diverse group of bacteria that are known to be resistant to most antibiotics used to treat diseases. In this cross-sectional study, 104 samples of red meat and 1000 urine samples suspected of urinary tract infection in the border city of More

Enterococci are an important and diverse group of bacteria that are known to be resistant to most antibiotics used to treat diseases. In this cross-sectional study, 104 samples of red meat and 1000 urine samples suspected of urinary tract infection in the border city of Kermanshah were examined for Enterococcus faecalis. First, the samples were approved by biochemical and molecular methods, then in order to evaluate their ability to produce biofilm, Microtiter Plate method was used and their sensitivity to antibiotics was also determined by Kirby-Bayer method. Enterococcus faecalis infection in human samples and red meat samples was reported to be 5% and 40.38% respectively. In the strains isolated from red meat samples, the highest resistance was reported to be to Streptomycin while the lowest resistance was to Vancomycin. In the human isolate samples, the highest resistance was reported to be to Co-trimoxazole ,while the lowest resistance was to Nitrofurantoin . In strains isolated from red meat, ebp A, ebp B and ebp C were reported to be 71.43%, 59.52% and 64.28% respectively. No statistically significant relationship was observed between biofilm production and ebp genes in these isolates. However, in strains isolated from urine, a significant relationship was detected between ebp genes and biofilm production. Similarly, it was reported that there was no statistically significant relationship between the meat type and the virulence gene type. But, the findings of the study showed a significant relationship between the frequency of efa A, gel E, ace and esp genes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Nigella sativa برای مدیریت بیماری ویروسی دنگی: با توجه به شواهد و تجزیه و تحلیل POM برای شناسایی سایت های فارماکوفور ضد ویروسی: یک بررسی
ناینا محمد پاککر میدین طیبی بن حدا فیصال المالکی حمید لاروسی سامه سلیمان سارکار کوثر

10.30495/medherb.2023.702425

Background & Aim: The number of dengue virus (DENV) infection cases has increased dramatically over the past two decades, with an estimated 3.9 billion cases across the globe potentially at risk. Patients with a DENV infection are managed symptomatically and by supp More

Background & Aim: The number of dengue virus (DENV) infection cases has increased dramatically over the past two decades, with an estimated 3.9 billion cases across the globe potentially at risk. Patients with a DENV infection are managed symptomatically and by supportive care since there is no approved antiviral drug yet for its management. On the other hand, N. sativa has been highlighted as a potential antiviral, particularly against DENV.Experimental: Hence, the anti-DENV potential of N. sativa is analyzed in this review using major databases, including Medline/PMC/PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Moreover, the Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) bioinformatics platform-2019 was used to analyze a series of compounds (1-15) identified in N. sativa (black seeds) to identify those with promising antiviral pharmacophore sites.Results: Preliminary research showed the potential of N. sativa in the control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and the enhancement of platelet counts. In addition, several clinical, animal, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of N. sativa. Furthermore, calculation of the physico-chemical properties of N. sativa compounds using POM analyses indicated that dithymoquinone possesses potential antiviral activity with two (O, O’) pharmacophore sites.Recommended applications/industries: As a result, N. sativa can be employed as an adjuvant/supportive therapy in the management of DENV infection in the early stages of the illness. Furthermore, N. sativa can be a source of new lead anti-DENV drugs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Inactivation of Fecal coliforms during solar and photocatalytic disinfection by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs)
Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh Kourosh Rahmani Hasan Rahmani Mansour Sarafraz Masoumeh Tahmasebizadeh Ayat Rahmani

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - Report crustacean parasite infection Lernaea in warm water fish breeding farms, the city of Shushtar and treatment method Multiple treatment option
seyed reza mousavi Ali bagherpor Behnaz Nickafraz

Hooked worm or Larnae parasite is a hard-shell skin and in fact most of the parasite is hydrothermal fish, especially carp. Fishlings are most commonly found in hydrotherapeutic swimming pools, especially in carp species. This parasite can be replicated and will be tran More

Hooked worm or Larnae parasite is a hard-shell skin and in fact most of the parasite is hydrothermal fish, especially carp. Fishlings are most commonly found in hydrotherapeutic swimming pools, especially in carp species. This parasite can be replicated and will be transferred from host to host. In November 1396, five common carp species were referred from a fish farm in the Cham area to Shooshtar Shoshtar University College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch. In the sample of samples, They were In a typical observation, your fish can be hatched to different levels. The vivid green field was hanging from the skin of the fish in the abdominal region of the chest wall, while the red and swollen region was visible at their points of attachment, as well as the eyeshadow and the exophthaemia of the eyes. For treatment, the parasite removal method was used with phenocrysts and disinfected solution, then the cannula with methylene blue and salt. After the end of the treatment period, 5 pieces of fish, the number of mortality were 1 piece and 4 units were treated with multiple treatment option. They were positive. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - investigation on the frequency of gastrointestinal tract contamination of indigenous chicken in dorood
masoud soltani Hojatolah yarahmadi Sajedeh Hasanzadeh

Parasitic diseases are a major obstacle to the growth and health of animals around the world. In this study, the frequency of gastrointestinal tract infections in native of Doroud city was investigated. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 pieces of native pou More

Parasitic diseases are a major obstacle to the growth and health of animals around the world. In this study, the frequency of gastrointestinal tract infections in native of Doroud city was investigated. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 pieces of native poultry in Dorood city in a randomized, multi-stage sampling.To investigate gastrointestinal parasitic infections, the mouth to the colloquium was used to separate the worms and, when worms were observed, they separated from the contents. The contents were then examined after being filtered with 100 sieve. The cestode species were studied by staining with the color of Schnaydrustosterone to detect using an optical microscope. In sum, the worm parasites isolated and detected from the gastrointestinal tract. Includes rye tinaa acinobutroids, 16/9%, riae tinatragonosa 5% and quantification of infandibulum 33.3%. Usually there is little pathogenic contamination with cestodes. Most of these colognes stick with their skulls and continue their lives. Ray Tina and Quantonium, whose intermediate hosts are respectively ants, beetles and flies, in experimental infestation of poultry Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - Escherichia coli evaluation of Resistance of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections city of Boroujerd broad-spectrum antibiotic and its relation to age, sex and region of this individual
Hamzeh asadi Amir gharib Rohangez Eftekhari najme joodaki

Introduction : Urinary tract infections are rarely dangerous killing disease is the most common of respiratory tract infection after infection. More than 85% of urinary tract infections in women by 90% the number of E.coilis reached. This study is the relationship with More

Introduction : Urinary tract infections are rarely dangerous killing disease is the most common of respiratory tract infection after infection. More than 85% of urinary tract infections in women by 90% the number of E.coilis reached. This study is the relationship with gender diseases in the city of Boroujerd and by the resistance of separated for the usual antibiotics, the patients are referred to treatment centers. method : In this study, 50 samples of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection After recording the data in the questionnaire, using standard biochemical methods to detect and was purified. results: Of the 50 patients, 42 patients (84%) of patients were female and 8 patients (16%) of them were male, and all samples (100%) were susceptible to tobramycin and the highest resistance with 26 samples (52%) related to nalidixic the acid were investigated. Discussion : Notable in this study was that most patients were female gender and youth in their teens and Boroujerd were related to 1 area.Due to the increased secretion of sex hormones and sugar ,.because low levels of in this age and health conditions in the region. Conclusion: Open culture and health, and solutions to prevent the spread of bacteria and excessive use antibiotics are necessary Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Investigating the contamination level of sarcocyst protozoa in the industrial Slaughterhouse of Shuoshtar city by digestion method
Behnam Pedram Soroush Hasanpour Amirabadi Yasin Tahmasebi Chagani Arash Zarei Zahra Salehi

Sarcocystis has 130 heteroxenous species, with different cycles and morbidity. The pathogenic species of Sarcocystis for humans are Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis, in which humans are the definitive host and cattle and pigs are the intermediate hosts. Sa More

Sarcocystis has 130 heteroxenous species, with different cycles and morbidity. The pathogenic species of Sarcocystis for humans are Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis, in which humans are the definitive host and cattle and pigs are the intermediate hosts. Sarcocystis is a common disease between humans and animals that can be important in terms of health and economy.The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of Sarcocystis protozoan contamination in the industrial slaughterhouse of Shushtar city using the digestion method.In this study, 20 carcass samples were examined randomly and during a period of 2 months, and then, in order to take muscle samples from organs of the esophagus, diaphragm, heart, thigh, and arm were separated with tweezers, pans, and a sterile scalpel.And we labeled the livestock information on the sample and finally, we transferred the samples to the laboratory in a sterile container next to the ice and checked whether they were positive or negative for the sarcocyst parasite in the laboratory with the digestion method.The results showed the highest percentage of sarcocyst detection using a method that can confirm, and also the sensitivity and speed of sarcocyst detection with a higher level digestion method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - بررسی تاثیر نمونه‌برداری فصلی، نوع محیط کشت، غلظت و نوع تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی بر ریزازدیادی نسترن وحشی (Rosa canina L)
مرتضی شیخ اسدی ندا غفاری تاری روح انگیز نادری رضا فتاحی

نسترن وحشی (Rosa canina L) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان زینتی و دارویی، به عنوان پایه برای اکثر رزهای زینتی از جمله رزهای هیبرید بکار می‌رود. رشد سریع همراه با صفات مطلوب و ایجاد گیاهان سالم و عاری از بیماری از نتایج اصلی تکثیر درون‌شیشه‌ای رز است. از اینرو این پژوهش به منظور More

نسترن وحشی (Rosa canina L) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان زینتی و دارویی، به عنوان پایه برای اکثر رزهای زینتی از جمله رزهای هیبرید بکار می‌رود. رشد سریع همراه با صفات مطلوب و ایجاد گیاهان سالم و عاری از بیماری از نتایج اصلی تکثیر درون‌شیشه‌ای رز است. از اینرو این پژوهش به منظور ارائه دستورالعمل ریزازدیادی این گیاه با استفاده از ریزنمونه‌های گره انجام شد. عوامل زیادی از جمله نوع، غلظت و حالت محیط کشت، فصل نمونه‌برداری، نوع و غلظت تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد در چندین آزمایش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ضدعفونی ریزنمونه به طور قابل توجهی تحت تاثیر زمان غوطه‌وری در غلظت‌های مختلف هیپوکلریت سدیم و همچنین فصل نمونه‌برداری ریزنمونه قرار گرفت. ریزنمونه‌های برداشت شده در زمستان که با هیپوکلریت سدیم یک درصد تیمار شده بودند کمترین میزان آلودگی و بیشترین درصد زنده‌مانی را نشان دادند. درصد استقرار ریزنمونه تحت تأثیر محیط کشت و همچنین غلظت IBA و BAP قرار گرفت. بالاترین درصد استقرار ریزنمونه در محیط کشت MS دارای 0.3 میلی‌گرم در لیتر BAP و یا 0.4 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IBA بدست آمد. محیط کشت جامد MS با 0.5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر BAP تأثیر زیادی بر پرآوری داشت. نتایج آزمایش ثابت کرد که بیشترین درصد ریشه‌زایی در محیط کشت ½ MS  با 2 میلی‌گرم در لیتر IBA به دست می‌آید. پس از سازگاری (با بیش از 80 درصد زنده‌مانی)، در نهایت گیاهان تولید شده به گلخانه منتقل شدند. با استفاده از یافته‌های حاضر، نسترن وحشی را می‌توان به سرعت به صورت تجاری برای اهداف اصلاحی و حفاظتی تکثیر نمود. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - A Study on parasites of Clupeonella grimmi in Caspian Sea
H. Jeddy B. Mokhayer A. Khajeh Rahimi

During this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite More

During this survey from February until November 2011 in four seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall), 252 speciemen of Clupeonella grimmi were sampled from Caspian Sea’s Babolsar fishing ground, in each sampling 63 fishes were examined and four species of parasite were isolated from them. Parasites found were: Larvae of Contracaecum sp. and Larvae of Anisakis sp., Bunocotyle cingulata and Pseudopentagrama symmetrica. In this survey the percentage of infection and intensity of infection of parasites found have been expressed in C. grimmi in the Caspian Sea. During one year percentages of the above mentioned parasities were: 1.6, 0.4, 26.2 and 36.9 respectively and during one year the parasitic intensity of infections were: 1.25, 1, 2.6, 10.3 respectively.P. symmetrica parasite showed high percentage of infection among other parasites and second was B. cingulata (both of the Trematoda are non-zoonusen).Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. are Nematoda and zoonusen,in terms of percentage and intensity of infection, among other parasites in C. grimmi fish, they were in next rank. P. symmetrica and B. cingulata parasites were found in all four seasons of the year but Contracaecum was just found in summer and also Anisakis sp. was only fount in fall.Among seasons of the year, summer with 88.9 percent, showed most percentage and winter with 22.22 percent, showed least percentage of contamination to in C. grimmi.Most infection rate was found in the parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and after that the abdominal organs and the gonads (testis). Other organs of fish under survey such as: eyes, gill, skin, swim blader, kidney were healthy and free of parasitic contamination.In this survey, none of common protozoan parasites were found in fish, therefore according to the findings of the present study the parasites found in C. grimmi didn't severely damage the fishes health and probably only caused reduced growth and have little impact on decline in fish populations. But existence of parasites like Contracaecum sp. and Anisakis sp. inside the fish’s body, fish consumption must be with care in cooking and producing. Human feeding on fish infected with above mentioned parasites, can cause these parasites to grow in human body and can develop pathogenesis effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Frequency of papaA, papC genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Maryam Ghalandari Shamami Mohsen Mirzaee Shahin Najar-peerayeh

Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are one of the etiologic reason for UTIs. The purpose of this study is evaluation of bacterial resistance to commonly used More

Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are one of the etiologic reason for UTIs. The purpose of this study is evaluation of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics and the prevalence of papaA and papC genes among uropathogenic E. coli. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 isolates E. coli collected from patients with UTIs referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Boroujerd. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for all isolates against 13 antibiotics according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Then, prevalence of papA and papC genes was examined by PCR method. Results: The highest and lowest rates of antibiotic resistance belonged to  ampicillin 127 (84.7%) and nitrofurantoin (3.5%). Also, the prevalence of papA and papC genes was 32 (21.3%) and 72 (48%), respectively. Conclusion: These results shows increases in the antibiotic resistance in pathogen E. coli and high levels of pap operon in these strains. Based on these results, further investigations on the bacterial virulence and the antimicrobial resistance patterns can improve the treatment of urinary infections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Genotyping of Pseudomonas aeroginusa isolated from hospital infections
Gholamreza Banisharif Hassan Momtaz

Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common  opportunist  pathogen  in hospitals and the etiologic agent of   the majority of infections in human beings. This study aimed to genotyping of P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital More

Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common  opportunist  pathogen  in hospitals and the etiologic agent of   the majority of infections in human beings. This study aimed to genotyping of P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital infections. Materials &  Methods: This  cross-sectional study was  performed  on 18  isolates  of  P. aeruginosa  isolated  from hospitalized  patients in Shahrekord hospitals. We applied three different methods, RAPD-PCR, Rep-PCR and ERIC-PCR for genotyping of the isolates. Results: Based on RAPD-PCR method, overall 86 different bands of DNA with a range of 300 to 1000 bps were obtained from the under study isolates and among them, 74 bands were polymorphic. Analysis of P. aeruginosa isolates based on ERIC-PCR produced 98 bands with a range of 150-8000 bps. Overall 16 genomic profile with 30 to 86% and for a few strains, 100% similarities were produced based on Rep-PCR. Conclusion: Overall, all isolates showed polymorphic band patterns and no monochromic band was observed for the isolates. The presence of polymorphic band patterns in these techniques  shows high rates of polymorphism in the genome  of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the techniques used in this study are reliable approaches for genotyping of P. aeruginosa. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Molecular typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Zohreh Mohammadi Hassan Momtaz

Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains i More

Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. Materials & Methods: A total of 36 Acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated from blood infection samples collected from Baqiatalah and Payambaran hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The PCR products obtained from amplification of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each gene in each isolate were queried against the reference sequence in the MLST database. In addition to characterization of the alleles specific to each gene, thesequence types (ST) of all isolates were determined. Results: A total of 5 clones including ST25, ST136, ST307, ST327, and ST328 were identified in 36 isolates. ST of 2 isolates were not identified in MLST database. The identified STs were placed into 5 genetic clusters including A, B, C, D, and E. Conclusion: Identifying an acceptable level of genetic diversity among the isolates using MLST technique shows that this method is useful for studying and typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Therefore, it is possible to cluster isolates with diverse origins in different groups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

67 - The effect of probiotic lactobacilli on the attachment power and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections
Soudeh Bandari Nazila Arbab Soleimani Elahe Tajbakhsh

Background & Objectives: Scientists are of the conviction that probiotic bacteria can ameliorate urinary tract infection by inhibiting colonization, attachment, and growth of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The aim of this research was to investigate the anti-adhesi More

Background & Objectives: Scientists are of the conviction that probiotic bacteria can ameliorate urinary tract infection by inhibiting colonization, attachment, and growth of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The aim of this research was to investigate the anti-adhesive effect of two probiotic Lactobacilli including Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei on uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC).Materials & Methods: In research in 1395, 35 urinary tract infection (UTI) samples were collected from one hospital in Tehran and based on biochemical analysis 27 UPEC samples were identified. The ability of biofilm-formation and the presence of genes (papG and fimH) involved in biofilm- formation was investigated by microtiter plate and PCR methods, respectively. Co-aggregation and anti-adhesive effects of two probiotic lactobacilli including L. plantarum and L. casei against UPEC were studied by co-aggregation and microtiter plate method, respectively.Results: Among 27 isolates, 77%, 15%, and 5% showed strong, mediate and the weak ability of biofilm-formation, respectively, and 3% had no ability. Among 15 UPEC which had a strong biofilm-formation ability, 13 (86%) and 15 (100%) had papG and FimH genes, respectively. The average of co-aggregation between L. planetarium and  L. casei  with UPEC was gained  49.13% and 46.25%, respectively. The mean anti-adhesive effect of L. plantarium and  L. casei  against pathogenic bacterium was 62% and 58%, respectively.Conclusion: Further studies on the anti-adhesive effect of probiotic lactobacilli are suggested to prevent UPEC prevalence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

68 - Coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical respiratory system infections in Shahrekord
Maryam Raesi Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan Momtaz

Background & Objectives: Respiratory system infections is a common infectious disease and is an acute inflammation of the upper respiratory system caused by several bacterial infections including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the co More

Background & Objectives: Respiratory system infections is a common infectious disease and is an acute inflammation of the upper respiratory system caused by several bacterial infections including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of S. aureus isolated from clinical respiratory system infections samples in Shahrekord of Iran. Material & Methods: This study was conducted by a sectional-descriptive study on 200 persons suspected to the upper respiratory system infections who referred to Imam Ali clinic in Shahrekord. After growth of microorganisms on blood agar and manitol salt agar, the suspected colonies were identified by microbiological testing. Next, DNA samples were prepared and the products of PCR reactions were enzymatically digested and genes were genotyped using RFLP. Results: Overall, 60 patients (30%) were infected to S. aureus. Among them 42 isolates showed a 970 bp fragments and 18 isolates showed a 730bp fragments. After enzymatic digestion with AluI, 42 specimens contained three bands: 320, 490, and 160 bp (genotype I), while 16 specimens contained two bands: 490 and 240 bp (genotype VIII) and 2 specimens contained two bands: 410 and 320 bp (genotype IX). Conclusion: The results obtained from present study showed that coagulase-positive S. aureus strains isolated from respiratory system infections in Shahrekord belonged mostly to genotype type I, which can be considered as a potential source for the release of the genotypes in the population. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

69 - Frequency of cas genes in the CRISPR/Cas system in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection
Neda Merikhi Jamileh Nowroozi ali nazemi Mehrdad Hashemi Robab Rafiei Tabatabaei

10.30495/jmw.2022.1934160.1987

Background & Objectives: CRISPR  system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and Cas portions is a part of the immune system in microorganisms. The cas genes could be involved in reducing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The aim of the More

Background & Objectives: CRISPR  system (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and Cas portions is a part of the immune system in microorganisms. The cas genes could be involved in reducing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of cas genes of the CRISPR/Cas system in Extended Spectrum        Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine culture of patients with urinary tract infection. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 437 positive urine culture samples were collected from Chalus hospitals. Escherichia coli strains were isolated based on standard biochemical tests and Enterobacteriaceae commercial diagnostic kit, as well as antibiotic sensitivity using disc diffusion method (Kerby Baer). Combined disk test was conducted for isolates that were resistant to at least one of the third-generation cephalosporins in the foregoing antibiotic susceptibility test. Molecular identification of cas1,cas2,cas3,cas7 and cas5 genes was performed using the PCR method. Results: Out of 437 urin culture samples, 106 samples (24.3%) had E.coli infection. The highest antibiotic resistance was associated with ampicillin (99%). Among the resistant isolates, thirty isolates (88.3%) were ESBL producing. cas1 gene had the highest frequency (96.2%) and other cas genes had almost the same frequency. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that a significant percentage of E. coli isolates had ESBL phenotype, which may be due to the presence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in these samples. Besides,  it was shown that there is no relationship between the presence of ESBL phenotype and the distribution of cas genes.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

70 - The prevalence of genes encoding Leukocidins in both methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from burn patients in Taleghani hospital, Ahvaz
Hajar Hoveizavi Azar Dokht Khosravi Zahra Farshadzadeh

Bakground and Objective: Various strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce different bi-component toxins such as LUKE/D and PVL. This strains of S.aureus strains are associated with severe skin diseases, fatal pneumonia and osteomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality More

Bakground and Objective: Various strains of Staphylococcus aureus produce different bi-component toxins such as LUKE/D and PVL. This strains of S.aureus strains are associated with severe skin diseases, fatal pneumonia and osteomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genes encoding Leukocidins in Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant and sensitive to methicillin isolated from burn patients in, Ahvaz. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on scar specimens of 203 burn patients hospitalized in Taleghani hospital. All samples were evaluated by traditional culture method and standard biochemical tests for detecting of S. aureus strains. After extracting DNA, mecA, PVL and LUKE/D genes were detected by using the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). Results: S. aureus strains were isolated from 95 cases out of total studied samples (46.8%), betwwn them 83 strains (87.36%) were mecA positive. The prevalence of PVL and LUKE/D genes in MRSA strains were 7.23% and 66.26% respectively, while this prevalence were 33.3% for both genes in MSSA strains. Conclusion: Regarding to the high frequency of PVL and LUKE/D genes in MRSA strains, also to severe and lethal diseases caused by these bacteria, early diagnosis and proper treatment must be considered for the prevention of disease progress. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - Study of Opportunistic Infections in Diabet Mellitus patients in Islamic Azad University Hospitals
Mohammad Karim Rahimi Saeed Zaker Bostanabad Talieh Hashemizonooz Mohammad Bossak Parvaneh Adimi Mozhghan Masoumi Zahra Tayebi

Background and Objective: Diabet mellitus is a chronic disease. In this disorder, due to abnormal glucose metabolism, direct and indirect complications in many organ systems, including ocular, cardio-vascular, vernal, and cerebral and suppression of immune system have b More

Background and Objective: Diabet mellitus is a chronic disease. In this disorder, due to abnormal glucose metabolism, direct and indirect complications in many organ systems, including ocular, cardio-vascular, vernal, and cerebral and suppression of immune system have been occurred. Decreasing of both cellular and humoral immune system is a important factor for opportunistic infections. Prevention and control of these infections and recognize of their frequency and risk factor is very important. Material and Methods: In this study, 118 diabetic patients that admitted in Islamic Azad University hospitals were included. Chief complaint of every patient, important finding in clinical examinations and results of microbial culturing from opportunistic infections had been analyzed. Result: From 118 patients, 65 cases (55%) were female and 53 cases (45%) were male. Mean age of patients was 59.6 ± 11.7 years old and mean duration time of disease was 13.6 ± 7.8 years. Thirty one cases (26.1%) infected by opportunistic bacterial. From patient's samples (in microbial culturing), 12 cases (38.5%0 Escherichia coli, 9 cases (29%) fungal pathogens, 5 cases (16.3%0 staphylococcus aurous and 5 cases (16.3%0 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. Conclusion: Because of high frequency of infections in diabetic patients, using of preventing methods is important. On the other hand, diagnostic and treatment of these infections prevent from their complications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

72 - Evaluation of Relationship between Phylogenetic Typing and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Zahra Etebarzadeh Mojgan Oshaghi Noor Amir Mozafari

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases. Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is counted as the predominant cause of urinary tract infection in 80-90% of patients. Due to increase in the rate of antibiotic u More

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases. Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is counted as the predominant cause of urinary tract infection in 80-90% of patients. Due to increase in the rate of antibiotic usage and subsequent drug resistance, this study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolated from patients with suspected urinary tract infection and phylogenetic grouping of these strains. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 600 samples of suspected urinary tract infection from Hasheminejad super specialty kidney hospital. To isolate E. coli strains, all samples were examined with biochemical and microbial tests. Then using the standard disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), drug susceptibility test was performed on 8 different antibiotics. Multiplex PCR technique and specific primers of chuA, yjaA genes and TSPE4.C2 fragment were used for phylogenetic grouping of the isolated E. coli strains. Results: In this study the highest rates of resistance to antibiotics were seen against ampicillin (83.83%) and nalidixic acid (71.42%). Also, the lowest rates of resistance were reported against nitrofurantoin (3.12%) and ceftizoxime (11.22%). Based on phylogenetic studies, 65%, 19% and 16% of the isolated strains belonged to group B2, group D and group A, respectively. Also, the majority of antibiotic resistant strains and multi-drug resistant strains belonged to the phylogenetic group B2. Conclusion: As same as other reports around the world, most of the E. coli strains isolated from this region belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

73 - Frequence of ESBLs and Antibiotic Resistant Pattern in to E.coli and K.pneumoniae Strains Isolated of Hospitalized and Out patients Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (Esfahan/2008-2009)
Shilla Jalalpoor Sina Mobasherizadeh

Introduction and Objectives: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) and prevalence Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBLs) in these bacteria due to spread of antibiotic resistance and mortality and morbidity in pa More

Introduction and Objectives: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) and prevalence Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBLs) in these bacteria due to spread of antibiotic resistance and mortality and morbidity in patients. The best manner for control of ESBLs in bacteria, are inhibition of spread these bacteria and use of standard method for recognizes ESBLs producer strains. Subject of this study was comparison frequency of ESBLs in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia strain in UTI acquired patients with phenotypic test. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional search was performed in Azzahra and Shariaty hospitals during of 2008-2009 years in Esfahan, according to statistical formula randomly selected 91 samples from urinary infections. Bacterial identification was performed with microbiological methods, ESBLs production was performed with screening and confirmatory test and survey antibiotics resistant pattern was performed with Kirby method. Results: Frequence of ESBLs in E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains was respectively 47.97% and 41.66% .According to antibiogram result respectively 59.2%, 54.9%, 30.3%, 27.8%, 19.5% and 16.7% of E.coli strains were resistant into Co-Trimoxazole, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Ceftazidime and Nitrofurantoin and respectively 75%, 50%, 40%, 44.5%,37.5%, 37.5%, 22.3% and 0% of K.pneumoniae strains were resistant into Ampicillin, Co-Trimoxazole, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftazidime, Amikacin, Cephotaxime, Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: The result showed high frequence of ESBLs, so  antibiotic resistant in isolated bacteria from hospitalized into out patience's that represent high spread  antibiotic resistant strains in hospitals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

74 - Survey Role and Important of Surfaces Structure and β–lactamase of Bacillus cereus in Drug Resistant
Shilla Jalalpoor Hamid Abousaidi

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating More

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating this source with S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains of B. cereus can lead to spread the antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections. In this study, in addition to determine the frequency of S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains in hospital environment, their function in inhibition of antibiotic’s entrance has been surveyed.   Material and Methods: The descriptive research was performed on 274 samples isolated from Azzahra hospital and Isfahan University during 2005/2007. In order to preparation of samples, 16 hours bacterial culture in TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) were used and then electrophoresis with 10X SDS-PAGE were performed. Antibiogram were performed with Kirby Bauer method and β–lactamase production, with acidimetric method. Results: From 247 isolated bacteria, frequency of B. cereus strains was %9.49. Eleven sample (84/6%) from 13 isolated B. cereus of staff hand and 1 sample (7/7%) from 13 isolated B.cereus from hospital surfaces produce S-layer nano-structure. According to antibiogram result, non producer S-layer strains, in comparative S-layer producer strains, were more sensitive to antibiotics and all S-layer producer B.cereus strains, produce β–lactamase. Conclusion: Result  of this study show high prevalence S-layer and β–lactamase producer B. cereus strains in hospital, that lead to increase antibiotic resistance nosocomial infection and is necessary go on to reduce transfer virulence agent and antibiotic resistant in pathogen bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

75 - Phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Jahrom city, southern Iran
Sara Asadi kavous Solhjoo Mohammad Kargar Abbas Ali Rezaeian

Background and Objective: Escherichia coli is a causative agent of over 80% of urinary tract infections in all ages of the society. Strains of Escherichia coli are divided into four phylogenetic groups. Most of pathogenic extra-intestinal strains often belong to groups More

Background and Objective: Escherichia coli is a causative agent of over 80% of urinary tract infections in all ages of the society. Strains of Escherichia coli are divided into four phylogenetic groups. Most of pathogenic extra-intestinal strains often belong to groups D and B2. This study aimed to define the phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections in south of Iran. Material and Methods: This cross– sectional study was carried out on the patients with urinary tract infection who admitted to peymanieh hospital of Jahrom in 2010. Specific biochemical tests were used for identification of bacteria. The phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains were determined by the PCR method and using two specific primers yjaA ChuA and TspE4.C2. Results: Out of 60 identified E. coli, 78.34% were isolated from women while just 21.76% were isolated in men. The most common identified groups were classified as D (70%), A (23.3%) and B1 (6.7%), and none of the species belonged to the B2 group.  Data analysis revealed no significant relationship between phylogentic groups with the variables age, sex, history of urinary tract infection, previous history of antibiotic use and hospitalization. Conclusion: The results showed that most of the E. coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in this region belonged to phylogenetic group D. Also, the results obtained from this region was different from other area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

76 - The prevalence of Citrus tristeza virus in orchards of Fars Province
Kavoos Ayazpour Mahmood Reza Sabahi Gilda Najafipour

Background and Objectives: Tristeza is one of the most important viral diseases in citrus products worldwide. Fars province is one the most important citrus growing regions in Iran. Infection to citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has been reported from many citrus orchards in More

Background and Objectives: Tristeza is one of the most important viral diseases in citrus products worldwide. Fars province is one the most important citrus growing regions in Iran. Infection to citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has been reported from many citrus orchards in this region. The objectives of this research were to determine CTV distribution, evaluation of citrus species infection to CTV and to compare the infection prevalence rate to CTV in different regions of Fars province. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 230 samples collected from different citrus species grown in Kazeroun, Firouzabad, Ghir-o-Karzin, Jahrom, Darab and Fasa regions. First existence of infection to Tristeza virus was detected using ELISA. The prevalence of infection was calculated based on the rate of infection in the total numbers of samples. Next, a PCR amplification was performed based on the primers specific for coat protein and p23 genes. Results: Based on the ELISA test, all citrus species were infected to CTV. The virus infection was detected in all the regions of interest. Totally, 24.35% out of 230 collected samples were infected to CTV. The highest infection prevalence was found in Jahrom, Ghir-o-Karzin, Darab, Kazeroun, Firouzabad and Fasa, respectively. Furthermore, mandarin was found the most infected fruit between all citrus family, followed by lemon Lesbon, lime, orange and sweet lime, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that CTV infection has increased during the past years. As a result, control of the disease in this region is necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

77 - Establishment of stock portfolio based on network-based epidemic modeling in the Iranian stock market
samad sedaghati Roohollah Farhadi. Mir Feyz Fallah

Due to the importance of transmission in financial markets, in the present study, using network-based epidemic modeling, the Iranian stock market in the period from 2011 to 2020 has been analyzed in three scales: daily, seasonal and annual. For this purpose, the correla More

Due to the importance of transmission in financial markets, in the present study, using network-based epidemic modeling, the Iranian stock market in the period from 2011 to 2020 has been analyzed in three scales: daily, seasonal and annual. For this purpose, the correlation network of 46 Iranian stock market groups has been constructed and by creating daily, seasonal and annual graphs and to identify the topological properties and structure of the Iranian stock market network, the minimum spanning tree has been calculated and transmission dynamics have been analyzed using simulations. The results show that in the daily period, the minimum cover tree has 13 groups on the main branch and in the seasonal period has 19 groups and in the annual period 28 groups are on the main branch of the minimum cover tree. Also, network-based epidemic modeling (with a thousand repetitions) showed that in the short term, the market spread is faster and the changes (for example, due to an information shock) spread to more groups. And almost all market groups are affected by the changes Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

78 - An Efficient Method to Solve the Mathematical Model of HIV Infection for CD8+ T-Cells
Samad Noeiaghdam Emran Khoshrouye Ghiasi

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Open Access Article

79 - Mathematical Model of HIV and Cholera Co-Infection in the Presence of Treatment
Kumama Cheneke Geremew Edessa Purnachandra Koya

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Open Access Article

80 - COVID-19 Dynamics in Africa Under the Influence of Asymptomatic Cases and Re-infection
Abayomi Oke Oluwafemi Bada Ganiyu Rasaq Victoria Adodo Belindar Juma

10.30495/ijm2c.2022.684827

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81 - Optimization of the Sterilization and Establishment Steps for Almonds 2-22 Genotype
Fatemeh Alizadeh Arimi Abbas Yadollahi Ali Imani Mohammad Fakoor-Aryan

10.22034/jon.2020.1908563.1092

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Open Access Article

82 - The Sanitizing Effect of Peracetic Acid on Microbial Contamination of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
Najmeh Pakdaman Mohammad Moradi Ghahdarijani Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi

10.22034/jon.2021.1930202.1114

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Open Access Article

83 - بررسی اثرات لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر پاسخ ایمنی هومورال جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده علیه بیماری بورس عفونی
ارژنگ مختارزاده مهدی رضائی

10.30495/jbcvm.2023.1971516.1031

بیماری بورس عفونی (IBD) به عنوان یکی از عوامل تضعیف کننده سیستم ایمنی است که خسارت اقتصادی شدید به  صنعت طیور وارد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات  تحریکی و تقویتی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده بر علیه  بیماری بورس More

بیماری بورس عفونی (IBD) به عنوان یکی از عوامل تضعیف کننده سیستم ایمنی است که خسارت اقتصادی شدید به  صنعت طیور وارد می کند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات  تحریکی و تقویتی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید بر سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی واکسینه شده بر علیه  بیماری بورس عفونی می باشد. تعداد 108 قطعه جوجه یک روزه (Ross308) به سه گروه با در نظر گرفتن 18 جوجه در هر گروه، تقسیم شدند. گروه اول، لوامیزول هیدروکلراید خوراکی از روز اول تا پایان دوره پرورش و گروه دوم، لوامیزول هیدروکلراید خوراکی همزمان با واکسن بیماری بورس عفونی از روز 19 تا پایان دوره پرورش تجویز شد. گروه سوم (شاهد) هیچ دارویی مصرف نکردند. نمونه خون از هر گروه در روز 29 و 40 برای تست الایزا  و درصد لنفوسیت‌های خون گرفته شد. نتایج آماری بیانگر تفاوت معنی داری تاثیر داروی لوامیزول هیدروکلراید در گروه اول و دوم در قیاس با گروه کنترل بود (0/05<P). وزن بورس کلواکی و طحال در گروه های مورد مطالعه نسبت به گروه کنترل در پایان دوره افزایش یافت. با توجه به نتایج، می توان نتیجه گرفت که لوامیزول هیدروکلراید می تواند اثر ایمنی واکسن IBD را تقویت کند. Manuscript profile

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84 - Survey on Legionella pneumophila in Water Supply Systems of Qazvin Hospitals
Shaghayegh Mousavi Mohadesse Choubdar Masoud Panahifard Fatemeh Fotohi

10.22034/jchr.2022.1892531.1101

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85 - Environmental Survey on Microbial Contamination in Two Public Hospitals in Qazvin
Mohadeseh Choubdar Shagahyegh Mousavi Zohreh Naghdali Faezeh Mohammadi Milad Mousazadeh Ahmad Nikpey

10.22034/jchr.2022.1897883.1126

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Open Access Article

86 - Isolation and Recognition Infection Fungus of Salmo trutta caspius Skin in Fish Farming of the Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
عیسی غلامپور عزیزی سید مهدی حسینی فرد سمانه روحی حمید مقتدر

Growingpopulation and the need to protein requirement forhuman societiesdevelop different systems for livestock, poultry and aquaculture provides. Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) is a species of native and migratory sea is also very important and nutritional and e More

Growingpopulation and the need to protein requirement forhuman societiesdevelop different systems for livestock, poultry and aquaculture provides. Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) is a species of native and migratory sea is also very important and nutritional and economic value is of particular interest. Aim this research is identifies and isolates pathogenic fungi from the skin of salmon fish farm sector of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran (Savadkoh, Lafor - Ghazal Farm).Samples were taken from the skin of four fish weighing on the average 1300 gr in the spring 2011. Samples were transferred to Saborod Dextrose Agar, Glucose Peptone Agar and distilled water with hemp-seed in the room temperature.In this study Saprolegnia parasitica, Achlya (20.83%), Aspergillus(16.66%), Penicillium(12.5%), Acremonium (9.72%), Fusarium(8.33%), Sepedonium(8.33%), Alternaria(5.55%), Rhizopus(4.16%)Cladosporium (1.38%), Helminthosporium(4.16%), Drechslera(1.38%), were isolated from the skin of fish. Pathogenicfungus spores are everywhere and fish may be infected. So the problems in the fish treatment, lack of access to necessary medical advances of fish and high cost of drugs needed to treat, breeders must regardonbreeding and growth of fish. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

87 - Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Sugar Beet to Rhizomania Diseases in Miandoab Conditions
peyman mokhles tutaj mir mahmodi keywan fotohi

In order to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of different genotypes of sugar beet to rhizomania disease in Miandoab conditions 16 sugar beet genotype were ovulated in Agriculture research center in Miandoab during the 2014-2015 seasons. Experiment d More

In order to evaluate quantitative and qualitative characteristics of different genotypes of sugar beet to rhizomania disease in Miandoab conditions 16 sugar beet genotype were ovulated in Agriculture research center in Miandoab during the 2014-2015 seasons. Experiment design was randomize bloke with six replications. Genotypes were exposed to natural infection area. In this experiment trait such growth rate, uniformity of roots, yellowing score, infection rates, severity rates, root yield, sugar content, sodium, potassium and amino nitrogen roots, white sugar content, sugar yield, alkaline, coffenetic of sugar extractions, white sugar yield and molasses content were measured. The results showed that between genotypes for all traits except for sugar percentage, alkaline and molasses was a significant difference. Result of means compare revealed genotype number of 33538 and 33540 showed high infection percent compare with other genotypes by average of 39.26 and 39.16 percent, furthermore genotype of F-20680 showed lowest of infection. In this study, there was no significant difference between the resistant genotypes of F-20680 with 33533 and 33551 genotypes in terms of infection rates, root yield, sugar yield and white sugar content. Therefore these two genotypes are recommended for other disease-breeding programs. Finally white sugar yield had positive and significant correlation with root uniform, root yield and white sugar and cougar yield and had negative and significant correlation with Sodium and alpha-amine. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

88 - Frequency of Superficial and Cutaneous Fungal Infections and the Affecting Factors in Patients Referred to Dermatology Clinic of 22th Bahman Hospital in Mashhad between 2013-2014
Marzieh Kazerani Farzaneh Delgoshaei Mostafa Ghafari Moghadam Noghabi

Background: Superficial and cutaneous fungal disease is a public health problem and its prevalence in different populations is relatively high. Lack of hygiene and the impact of risk factors increase the incidence of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the More

Background: Superficial and cutaneous fungal disease is a public health problem and its prevalence in different populations is relatively high. Lack of hygiene and the impact of risk factors increase the incidence of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of superficial and cutaneous fungal infections and the affecting factors in the patients. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, 137 patients with superficial and cutaneous fungal infections referred to dermatology clinic of 22th Bahman Hospital in Mashhad between 2013-2014, were investigated. After recording demographic data, tissue samples from the skin, nails, hair and beard of the patients were taken under sterile conditions and in accordance to standard protocol and were sent to the laboratory for microscopic examination. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS-21 statistical software and chi-square test and fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 25.7±14.6 years and 51.8% of them were male. Superficial and cutaneous fungal infections included dermatophytosis (57.7%), tinea versicolor (16.8%), cutaneous candidiasis (10.2%), erythrasma (9.5%) and saprophytes (5.8%). Groin (29.2%), hands and feet (23.4%), nails (14.6%), chest and abdomen (11.7%) had the most anatomic distribution of fungal lesions. It was not found a significant relationship between superficial and cutaneous fungal infections and the variables of age, sex, job and anatomic location of the lesions , habitat, comorbidities and transmission routes (P>0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study showed that dermatophytosis was the most common fungal infection and the groin was the most common anatomical site of the fungal lesions in the patients.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

89 - Circulatory Virus Infections in Birds
nariman sheikhi

عفونت سیرکو ویروسی در طوطی سانان PBFD  اولین بار در سال 1907 در استرالیا تعریف و گزارش شده است.PBFD  دارای انتشار جهانی است. عامل بیماری ویروسی از خانواده سیرکو ویریده، جنس های گایرو ویروس و سیرکوویروس است.   از نظر بیماری زایی ویروس به سلول های درحال تقس More

عفونت سیرکو ویروسی در طوطی سانان PBFD  اولین بار در سال 1907 در استرالیا تعریف و گزارش شده است.PBFD  دارای انتشار جهانی است. عامل بیماری ویروسی از خانواده سیرکو ویریده، جنس های گایرو ویروس و سیرکوویروس است.   از نظر بیماری زایی ویروس به سلول های درحال تقسیم تمایل دارد و اکثر مبتلایان حداکثر تا 6 ماه زنده می مانند. با مرگ ناگهانی و ضعف سیستم ایمنی همراه است. عوامل موثر در تظاهرات بیماری عبارتند از: سن، حضور و سطح ایمنی مادری، راه آلودگی و میزان آلودگی. میزبان های آن شامل میزبان های طبیعی  بیش از 60 گونه طوطی، برخی طوطی های کوچک و ضعیف و نادر اما در طوطی لاوبرد شایع است. انتقال عمدتاً از طریق دهان، چشم و بینی، پوسته ها  و پوشش پرها، استنشاق و جذب از گوارش صورت می گیرد. دوره کمون 21 – 25 روز و حتی  ماهها  تا سالها دارد. عوارض بالینی به صورت فوق حاد، حاد و مزمن  بروز می کند. معمولاً در جوجه های با سن خیلی کم با سپتی سمی، نمونیا، اسهال، لاغری سریع و مرگ همراه است. فرم حاد در مرغ عشق به نام لک فرانسوی دیده می شود. ضایعات کالبد گشایی آن شامل تغییرات پر، تغییرات منقار، تغییرات ناخن، نکروز کبد، تحلیل بورس و تیموس و تحلیل و نکروز طحال است. تشخیص هیستوپاتولوژی بر پایه مشاهده گنجیدگی های بازوفیلیک داخل هسته ای و یا داخل سیتوپلاسمی در سلول های اپتیلیال پر و سلول های اپیدرم فولیکول ها و ماکروفاژ ها، دیسیپلازی پرها، لایه زایای اپتلیوم منقار، نکروز و تخلیه بورس و تیموس و پر خونی و نکروز در کبد استوار است. Manuscript profile

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90 - Detection of 793/B serotype of infection bronchitis virus from broiler ﬂocks with respiratory signs in west of Mazandran province
S.A. Hosseini Aliabad, رضا Momayez, محسن Mahmodzadeh, A. Yosef Amin,

For detection of the 793/B serotype of infection bronchitis virus in respiratory infections, 11 samples were taken from broiler ﬂocks with respiratory signs in west of Mazandran province in autumn and winter of 2010. After inoculation of samples into the embryonated S More

For detection of the 793/B serotype of infection bronchitis virus in respiratory infections, 11 samples were taken from broiler ﬂocks with respiratory signs in west of Mazandran province in autumn and winter of 2010. After inoculation of samples into the embryonated SPF chicken eggs, samples were checked for heamagglutination (HA) characteristic by HA test for Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian Inﬂuenza (AI) viruses, and then the cases having HA property were tested by ND and AI specifc antiserum and evaluated for ND and AI virus by heamagglutination inhibition (HI) test. For identifcation of infection bronchitis virus, 1 ml of allantoic ﬂuid was harvested from allantoic ﬂuid and viral RNA was extracted with RNA purifcation kit and at the frst step a fragment of S1 gene was amplifed by general primers of IB virus in RT-PCR reaction. In the second step the RT- PCR product was amplifed for differentiation of Mass and 793/B by type specifc primers in Nested-PCR. Results revealed that 7 of 11 samples were positive for IB virus in RT-PCR reaction and 5 samples were positive for 793/B serotype in Nested-PCR. While the affected ﬂocks didn’t take any vaccination against 793/B serotype, samples were considered positive for 793/B serotype infection. Also, ND virus and AI virus were detected in two IB positive samples.   Manuscript profile

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91 - Prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord
Mahnaz Shamaei Maryam Reisi Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki

Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases and E. coli is one of urinary tract infection the most important factor. The purpose of this investigation is prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord to More

Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases and E. coli is one of urinary tract infection the most important factor. The purpose of this investigation is prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord to form cross-sectional in 2013. Samples was prepared as sterile and in terms of urine tests, cultures and was studied. Investigation antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion method. As well as, for tracing Sul gene PCR reaction was performed in the presence of specific primers and the results was analyzed. In this study of 130 E. coli isolates studied 67 isolates (53/51%) resistance to co-trimoxazol was observed. The frequency of genes sul1, sul2 and sul3 was respectively 20/89%, 55/22% and 4/47%. In statistical analysis with chi-square test between to resistance sulfonamides and sul genes significant correlation was observed. The results showed that E. coli isolates are high resistant to sulfonamides that may be the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

92 - The effect of thermal and chemical treatment on seed-born inoculum of Pyrenophora graminea, the causal agent of barley strip disease in greenhouse
Soleiman Jamshidi Mehrdad Abdi Ali Faramarzi

Barley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae  is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease  in barley  causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield losses. The disease is More

Barley strip disease caused by Pyrenophora gramineae  is found in most of barley growing areas in the world and most part of Iran. This foliar disease  in barley  causes emptiness and extreme weakness of seeds and considerable yield losses. The disease is monocycle and seed-born and the fungus survives as mycelium in the hull,   pericarp and seed coat. Therefore,  the best way for disease controlling  is the eradication of seed born inoculum by different methods. In order to evaluate the effect of various thermal  and chemical  treatments on disease  control,  infected   seeds were  collected   from diseased  barley  fields  with  Prop star cultivar  and the infection   percent  was defined  approximately   89.5% with "Culture  plate test"  method. Thermal  treatments consisting  of  tennothcrapy  during  5  and  I 0 minutes  in  52 oC warm  water and chemical  treatments  with Carboxin-Tiram,   lrnazalil,  Mancozeb, Tilt and Maneb were applied.  Infected  seeds treated  with lap water were  considered  as  control  and  the project ran  in  completely  randomized  design.  For each  treatment,  20 treated seeds were sawed in three replications  in pots.  60 days after planting, the effects of various treatments on fungus seed-born inoculum and seed viability were studied by evaluation  of infected plant  percentage. The thermal  treatments were recognized to be unsuitable for seed disinfection   because of extraordinary and over than 50% effects  on seed viability   and low  effect  of disease control. Among chemical  treatments, lmazalil was the best  for disease  control and other treatments had significant  difference  with it. But there were no significant  differences  between  the  other  fungicides.  But application  of  Tilt  is  not  advisable  because  its significant effect on seed viability. Manuscript profile

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